75:" is generally used in the more restricted sense. In regular and mostly informal conversations, the presence of vulgarity, if any, are mostly for intensifying, exclaiming or scolding. In modern times, vulgarism continues to be frequently used by people. A
204:—in this case from a dialect which is not that of a province, but of a low or uneducated social class. ... is usually a variety of Standard English, but a bad variety.
443:
224:'ave") has been considered a mark of the lower classes in England at least since the late 18th century, as dramatized in
196:, and is of such a nature as to be associated with the speech of vulgar or uneducated speakers. The origin of pure
238:(1833) by W. H. Savage, reflected upper-middle-class anxieties about "correctness and good breeding".
55:, but a linguistic or literary vulgarism encompasses a broader category of perceived fault not confined to
267:
91:, in which people use vulgarity so often that it becomes less and less offensive to people, according to
83:
in 2005 shows that the age group of 10–20 years old speak more vulgarity than the rest of the world's
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60:
8:
213:
230:. Because linguistic vulgarism betrayed social class, its avoidance became an aspect of
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156:
93:
36:
287:
129:
117:
80:
28:
368:
Powers of
Expression, Expressions of Power: Speech Presentation and Latin Literature
242:
193:
133:
178:
125:
16:
Expression considered non-standard characteristic of uneducated speech or writing
87:
combined. The frequent and prevalent usage of vulgarity as a whole has led to a
277:
136:
20:
72:
437:
282:
182:
200:
is usually that they are importations, not from a regional but from a class
226:
209:
159:, unduly problematizing, for instance, the so-called "Silver Age" novelist
121:
246:
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64:
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The moral and aesthetic values explicit in such a definition depends on
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Vulgarisms in a literary work may be used deliberately to further
155:, among others). This distinction was always an untenable mode of
201:
88:
44:
148:
144:
140:
124:
as the Latin of everyday life is conventionally contrasted to
106:
320:
The
Assumption of Moses: A Critical Edition with Commentary
152:
424:
Ossi
Ihalainen, "The Dialects of English since 1776", in
428:(Cambridge University Press, 1994), vol. 5, pp. 216–217.
236:
The
Vulgarisms and Improprieties of the English Language
116:
meaning "the masses, undifferentiated herd, a mob". In
212:
viewed as authoritative. For instance, the "misuse" of
413:
English in
Nineteenth-Century England: An Introduction
31:
or characteristic of uneducated speech or writing. In
163:, whose complex and sophisticated prose style in the
105:
The
English word "vulgarism" derives ultimately from
59:or sexual offensiveness. These faults may include
435:
397:Henry Wyld, as quoted by Crowley (1996) p. 169.
426:The Cambridge History of the English Language
357:(Cambridge University Press, 2013), pp. 3–5.
324:Studia in Veteris Testamenti Pseudepigrapha
181:traditionalists. In the 1920s, the English
177:Vulgarism has been a particular concern of
415:(Cambridge University Press, 1999), p. 57
407:
405:
403:
380:
378:
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234:. In 19th-century England, books such as
192:a peculiarity which intrudes itself into
418:
370:(Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 250.
386:Language in History: Theories and Texts
355:Social Variation and the Latin Language
334:
332:
314:
312:
436:
400:
373:
169:is full of conversational vulgarisms.
388:(Routledge, 1996), pp. 168–169.
27:is an expression or usage considered
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329:
309:
391:
340:Bilingualism and the Latin Language
13:
326:(Brill, 1993), pp. 27, 39–40, 243.
14:
460:
220:, such as pronouncing "have" as
112:"the common people", often as a
172:
348:
1:
444:Language varieties and styles
303:
100:
19:In the study of language and
7:
268:Disputes in English grammar
256:
10:
465:
67:, word malformations, and
39:English, "vulgarism" or "
263:Barbarism (linguistics)
188:defined "vulgarism" as:
61:errors of pronunciation
206:
190:
342:, pp. 300–301, 765,
132:exemplified by the
157:literary criticism
94:The New York Times
79:paper produced by
411:Manfred Görlach,
288:Linguistic purism
130:literary language
118:classical studies
81:Oxford University
456:
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416:
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398:
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389:
382:
371:
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318:Johannes Tromp,
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243:characterization
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194:Standard English
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249:" or simply by
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210:class hierarchy
179:British English
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126:Classical Latin
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17:
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5:
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384:Tony Crowley,
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366:Andrew Laird,
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278:Grotesque body
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21:literary style
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338:J. N. Adams,
335:
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283:Heteroglossia
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245:, by use of "
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183:lexicographer
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240:
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227:My Fair Lady
225:
207:
197:
191:
176:
173:Social class
164:
134:"Golden Age"
122:Vulgar Latin
109:
104:
92:
69:malapropisms
65:misspellings
57:scatological
29:non-standard
24:
18:
247:eye dialect
438:Categories
304:References
298:Vernacular
251:vocabulary
218:H-dropping
214:aspiration
198:vulgarisms
186:Henry Wyld
114:pejorative
101:Classicism
85:population
45:synonymous
33:colloquial
449:Etiquette
344:et passim
273:Euphemism
232:etiquette
166:Satyricon
161:Petronius
73:Vulgarity
53:obscenity
49:profanity
43:" may be
41:vulgarity
25:vulgarism
293:Solecism
257:See also
253:choice.
77:research
202:dialect
110:vulgus,
89:paradox
37:lexical
149:Vergil
145:Caesar
141:Cicero
128:, the
137:canon
107:Latin
47:with
153:Ovid
23:, a
71:. "
51:or
35:or
440::
402:^
375:^
331:^
322:,
311:^
151:,
147:,
143:,
120:,
97:.
63:,
222:"
216:(
139:(
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