Walter Oesau - Knowledge

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on his aircraft. His aircraft while commanding JG 2 did not have any special markings except for the unit's normal yellow under–cowling. While Oesau commanded, JG 2, like many others, dropped the special symbols for Stab (headquarters flight) units in favor of numerals. This helped make the leader's aircraft anonymous. Unlike other aces, Oesau reportedly never had markings on his rudder representing his personal tally, although this is contradicted by some photos displaying what may be his aircraft rudder painted with score of downed aircraft. The authenticity of the photograph is questioned by some as there are also

133: 1406:) to front line battle proved extremely costly, resulting in the death in combat of many of the earlier experts and aces. This, coupled with the acute shortage of well trained pilots and the fact that by 1943 they were facing a better equipped and well-trained enemy, meant the life expectancy of even the most gifted was tragically short. Author John Weal says that, although other Geschwaderkommodore would end up dying in combat, nothing would showcase the changing fortunes of Luftwaffe fighter forces than the death of Walter Oesau. 1181:, other fighter units also arrived to intercept, eventually involving almost all the Western day fighter units of the Luftwaffe. This caused some confusion among pilots landing on airfields other than their own. This tested the directive of Schmid. Oesau led one of two such improvised formations successfully, with the other led by Hauptmann Borris of I./JG 26 Oesau added 4 fighters to his score between January and March 1944, and his tally stood at 117. On 8 May 1944 he claimed a 478: 1040:. In one of the highest altitude interceptions of World War II, the bombers were attacked by I./JG 2, resulting in the destruction of one. This aircraft put JG 2's score past the 800 mark, matching the score of their Great War namesake. Kills No. 88 to 92 were all Spitfires claimed between Calais and Dungeness on 12 August 1941. Oesau claimed his 100th kill on 26 October 1941, the third pilot to do so. This earned him his 4th entry in the 307: 8565: 7290: 8605: 968:). This earned him his 3rd entry in the Wehrmachtbericht. On 10 July 1941, Oesau claimed 5 more aircraft and two more kills by 11 July 1941. On 12 July 1941, he shot down 7 Soviet aircraft in one sortie. In the five weeks since moving to the Eastern Front, Oesau was credited with 44 Soviet aircraft downed. He became the third pilot to reach 80 victories, the 80th kill an 8577: 1311:). All three were experienced pilots and chased Oesau from 28,000 feet to tree-top level. In the ensuing 20-minute dogfight, Oesau defended skillfully, though his aircraft was damaged by gunfire. While attempting an emergency landing, his Gustav received a final burst of fire in the cockpit area and crashed into the ground 10 kilometres (6.2 miles) southwest of 762:. As the German pilots were now aware of the Defiant's lack of forward armament, they soon gained the advantage in combat and claimed 11 Defiants shot down in 8 minutes. Oesau was credited with one Defiant, taking his score to 19. He was the first one of JG 51 to reach double digits in World War II. RAF losses record six Defiants destroyed and two damaged. 1326:

According to the "Eighth Air Force Mission Folder for 11 May 1944, Mission 351", Lt. Doyle engaged in a turning dogfight with a pair of Bf 109s, scoring hits on the leader. Doyle had then broken off combat without claiming a kill, unaware that his victim, Oesau, had been killed by a 20 mm shell.

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Higgs, was destroyed in a collision with one of the Do 17s and only one other Hurricane was damaged. It is possible Oesau was responsible for damaging Higgs' Hurricane, causing him to lose control. Two Spitfires landed with light damage while a third was also slightly damaged and force-landed at

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The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 5—Defense of the Reich—10 May 1940 to 31 December 1941—Action in the Mediterranean Theater—October 1940 to November 1941—Action in the West—22 June to 31 December 1941—The Supplementary Fighter Groups—Action from 1941 until their Breakup in

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German historian Hans Otto Böhm commented on Oesau as "One of my best professors". There is little information available on the personal side of Walter Oesau. He had good sense of humor and liked to spend time with his friends. He was a simple man, who did not display any flamboyant personal emblems

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credit (not a kill) for Oesau's aircraft. Doyle noted bullet damage in the cockpit area and his gun camera footage showed that it was Oesau's Green 13. German records indicated that his death was caused by an explosive shell in the cockpit, his body having several bullet wounds. Later an image from

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In 1940, frustrated with the perceived lack of success against RAF Fighter Command, Göring was keen on infusing the fighter force leadership with younger blood. He perceived a lack of aggressiveness in the Jagdgeschwader leadership. The likes of Theo Osterkamp were the first victim of this policy,

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He succeeded Balthasar for the second time as JG 2 commander, who had died in combat with Spitfires over northern France when he pulled the tail off his Bf 109F in a dive. The Bf 109F-2 proved an excellent match to the Spitfire V, but Oesau disliked its reduced armament compared to the 'Emil', and

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established a new rule for the fighters returning to base. They were to arrive at the nearest designated fighter airfield for resupply instead of returning to their own base. They were to be commanded by the senior pilot landing on that airfield, irrespective of their unit. This was meant to turn

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Oesau frequently received his share of Hermann Göring's anger and frustration over the failure to beat off the Allied bomber offensive. Göring questioned the commitment of commanders who were not flying regularly and thus not really "leading" their respective units. In this context it should be

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JG 2 was tasked with defending targets in occupied France against the RAF fighter offensive. For the next two years Oesau led JG 2 through the war of attrition waged by the RAF. On 10 August 1941 Oesau claimed a Spitfire for his first kill with JG 2. Over the next two days, he claimed four more

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Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 5—Heimatverteidigung—10. Mai 1940 bis 31 Dezember 1941—Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum—Oktober 1940 bis November 1941—Einsatz im Westen—22. Juni bis 31. Dezember 1941—Die Ergänzungsjagdgruppen—Einsatz 1941 bis zur Auflösung Anfang

1395:, the Focke–Wulf designer, although many of the younger generation were good flyers, they were unable to cope with problems of overall planning and broader strategic aspects. However, Oesau was one of the outstanding leaders ever produced by Luftwaffe fighter wings with the likes of 1330:

There is some dispute regarding who exactly shot down his fighter. Some sources claim that he was shot during the dogfight and while the aircraft was falling to the ground, he was shot at again a few feet above ground, possibly by the Mustangs of

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Following the Battle of France, the Luftwaffe started its attacks on Channel convoys as a prelude to the Battle of Britain. The primary task of JG 51 during this time was to provide fighter escort to these bomber missions. The commander of JG 51,

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and found documentation for 127 aerial victory claims, plus three further unconfirmed claims. This number includes nine claims during the Spanish Civil War, 44 on the Eastern Front, and 74 on the Western Front, including 13 four-engined bombers.

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He was then grounded from flying on operations, as his experience and leadership qualities were regarded as too valuable to risk further in front line combat. He did fly on occasional sorties, the most famous involving the shooting down of an

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Oesau was aged 30 at the time of his death. He had a total of 127 kills gained over 300 missions. 27 were Spitfires, 14 four-engined bombers, 44 were scored on the Eastern Front and 9 in the Spanish Civil War. In recognition of his record,

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handing over JG 51 to Werner Mölders. Oesau was considered to be one such rising star. However, being a star and staying in Göring's favor required keeping up the kill rate and promotions were invariably linked to scores. According to Dr.

8667: 1173:. JG 1 (under Oesau), JG 11 and JG 3 were sent to intercept. Due to high winds, the bombers were ahead of the escorts unprotected. Two groups of JG 1 met them before Gotha and 9 B-24s were claimed as a result. Since B-17s of 1080:

Oesau added four more to his tally by mid-1943. Shortly before his 30th birthday, Oesau was elevated to a series of Luftwaffe staff and administration positions. On 1 July 1943 he was posted as Fighter Leader Brittany

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Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des

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The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal

982:) on same day. He was the third person to earn the Swords. He was again then wounded, receiving heavy splinter injuries in face and knee. A fortnight later he was transferred to the Western Front to take over JG 2. 742:. Oesau was able to claim three Spitfires. Two 7./JG 51 aircraft crash landed in France. British losses show that no Spitfire was lost or destroyed in the ensuing battle. Only one No. 32 Hurricane, piloted by 995:

In the spirit of Manfred von Richthofen, and following the example set by my predecessors, Major Wick and Hauptmann Balthasar, constant readiness and devotion to duty will enable us to achieve yet further

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continued to fly an E-4 model in preference to the Bf 109F, until lack of spares forced him to switch to the newer variant. Upon his appointment on 4 July 1941, he addressed JG 2 with the following words.

1474:, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size. 881:). However, Oesau disliked the Bf 109F and kept flying his 'Emils' for some time. JG 3 returned to France in May 1941 and Oesau added two more kills on 16 May and 28 May bringing his total to 51. 8672: 6356:

Fighter Pilot Association of the German Luftwaffe 1934 to 1945 Part 3—Assignments in Denmark and Norway 9 April to 30 November 1940—The campaign in the West 10 May to 25 June 1940

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Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 7—Heimatverteidigung—1. January bis 31 Dezember 1942—Einsatz im Westen—1. Januar bis 31. Dezember 1942

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What followed is unclear as there are several versions. Oesau was chased by 1st Lt. James Leslie Doyle, 1st Lt. Wilbur L. Jarvis III and 1st Lt. James C. Austin, of the

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s life , there was an automatic ban on Oesau for further combat flying since his 100th victory. Perhaps the ban was lifted temporarily or bypassed when he was appointed

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Die Jagdfliegerverbände der deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 Teil 3—Einsatz in Dänemark und Norwegen 9.4. bis 30.11.1940—Der Feldzug im Westen 10.5. bis 25.6.1940

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The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 7—Defense of the Reich—1 January to 31 December 1942—Action in the West—1 January to 31 December 1942

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According to Mathews and Foreman this claim is listed as Oesau's 111th aerial victory. However, Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock do not list this claim.

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According to Mathews and Foreman this claim is listed as Oesau's 15th aerial victory. However, Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock do not list this claim.

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as it approached the bombers. In the dogfight Oesau's wingman reported damage to his machine and he was ordered to break off. Left alone, Oesau faced

8370: 7493: 7479: 7441: 7403: 6000: 92: 1383:, the high-ranking Luftwaffe ace (176 Kills) who went on to become the Chief of Staff for Allied Air Forces in Central Europe, once said: "Walter 7552: 6047:

The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches

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Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile

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Oesau added several victories over American heavy bombers in the first five months of 1944. On 11 May 1944 one thousand U.S. heavy bombers from

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it was an ongoing concern that inadequate numbers of fighters were able to continually engage the bomber streams, at the very time that the

586:. It continued to operate in this fashion until the end of the Battle of France. On 4 July it was re–designated III./JG 51. Oesau served as 359:. He claimed nine aircraft during the campaign, becoming one of only 28 people to earn the award of the Spanish Cross in Gold and Diamonds. 8662: 1535: This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman. 6813: 8677: 7272: 6450:

The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 6/I—Operation "BARBAROSSA"—Action in the East—22 June to 5 December 1941

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Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 6/I—Unternehmen "BARBAROSSA"—Einsatz im Osten—22.6. bis 5.12.1941

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The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 4/II—Action at the Channel and over England—26 June 1940 to 21 June 1941

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The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 4/I—Action at the Channel and over England—26 June 1940 to 21 June 1941

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Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 4/II—Einsatz am Kanal und über England—26.6.1940 bis 21.6.1941

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Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 4/I—Einsatz am Kanal und über England—26.6.1940 bis 21.6.1941

1513:(separation shot)—a severely damaged heavy bomber forced to separate from his combat box which was counted as an aerial victory. 8647: 8530: 8545: This along with the ? (question mark) indicates doubt regarding the veracity and formal correctness of the listing. 7265: 7246: 6853: 6827: 6799: 6774: 6749: 6724: 6699: 6674: 6649: 6624: 6597: 6574: 6551: 6528: 6503: 6480: 6457: 6434: 6409: 6386: 6363: 6340: 6317: 6294: 6271: 6252: 6233: 6214: 6195: 6145: 6120: 6098: 6075: 6054: 6009: 5985: 5939: 5916: 520:) in Gold with Diamonds. He was also wounded in this conflict which earned him the Spanish Wound Badge. He also received the 1440:, Oesau was credited with 125 aerial victories, nine of which during the Spanish Civil War. Mathews and Foreman, authors of 6635: 6181: 911:, the German invasion of the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941. At the start of the campaign, JG 3 was subordinated to the 726:

higher than the escorts, attempting to intercept the bombers. Soon they were joined by four squadrons of British fighters:

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bomber. By the end of hostilities in France on 25 June, his World War II tally stood at 5 (13 including Spanish kills).

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Oesau got his first World War II victory during the Battle of France on 13 May 1940, when he claimed a French Curtiss

8642: 6909: 6884: 1103: 6760: 956:. Oesau shot down his first Soviet aircraft on 24 June, and by 30 June 1941 had reached his 60th victory, downing a 8687: 8535: 6067:

Fighter Command Air Combat Claims, 1939–45: A Listing of Combat Claims Submitted by RAF Fighter Pilots 1939 to 1940

1494: 1174: 418:) in October 1933 and served in the Second Artillery Regiment as an enlisted soldier. After being transferred to a 6496:

The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 10/IV—Action in the West—1 January to 31 December 1943

773:. Intercepted by Hurricanes over Kent, Oesau claimed one Hurricane shot down as his 20th victory, earning him the 5902: 1345: 1198: 388: 335: 224: 185: 7287: 6785: 6710: 6660: 6156: 7031: 1503: This and the – (dash) indicates unconfirmed aerial victory claims for which Oesau did not receive credit. 430: 6492:

Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 10/IV—Einsatz im Westen—1.1. bis 31.12.1943

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attacked railway targets in Eastern France and North East Belgium. They were escorted by even more numbers of

783:) two days later, the first pilot of JG 51 to be thus honored. On 24 August 1940, Trautloft took over as 8692: 7906: 1340:

the Gun camera was published (without caption) that purportedly showed Oesau's aircraft from the right side.

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in October 1943. The ban on Oesau's combat flying was lifted. While commanding JG 1, Oesau became an expert (

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of JG 1. On the other hand, Oesau might simply have ignored the ban and continued to lead missions.

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Oesau started his operational career with the Condor Legion, along with future contemporary aces such as

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Doyle's kill had been the first kill of the 474th Fighter Group in its first combat with the Luftwaffe.

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This unconfirmed claim is listed by Mathews and Foreman, but not by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock.

3945: 1497:", a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day. 1462:) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 1182: 688: 8107: 7980: 7206: 4449:

According to Mathews and Foreman claimed on 22 July 1941 at 16:40 over an aircraft of unknown type.

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On 10 July 1940, the first major clashes of the Battle of Britain occurred in a phase known as the

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Jagdgeschwader 1 and 11—Operations in the Defense of the Reich from 1939 to 1945—Volume 2—1944

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Die Schwertertraeger Der Wehrmacht: Recipients of the Knight's Cross with Oakleaves and Swords

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Fighter Command's Air War 1941: RAF Circus Operations and Fighter Sweeps Against the Luftwaffe

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Duel of Eagles: The Struggle for the Skies from the First World War to the Battle of Britain

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Black Cross / Red Star Air War Over the Eastern Front, Volume I, Operation Barbarossa 1941

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providing loose protection rather than close escort to the bombers, actively seeking out

628:. On 13 June 1940, he shot down the last French aircraft kill claimed by JG 51, a French 512:

where Oesau claimed nine victories, flying 130 combat missions. For this he received the

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Jagdgeschwader 1 und 11—Einsatz in der Reichsverteidigung von 1939 bis 1945—Teil 2—1944

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Knight's Cross and Oak-Leaves Recipients 1939–40: Knight's Cross and Oakleaves,1939–40

1102:) at shooting down 4 engine bombers, with 14 bomber kills claimed. He was awarded the 8399: 8379: 8127: 8031: 7916: 7581: 7198: 7158: 7084: 6930: 6905: 6901: 6880: 6849: 6823: 6819: 6795: 6791: 6770: 6766: 6745: 6741: 6720: 6716: 6695: 6691: 6670: 6666: 6645: 6620: 6593: 6570: 6547: 6524: 6499: 6476: 6453: 6430: 6405: 6382: 6359: 6336: 6313: 6290: 6267: 6248: 6229: 6210: 6191: 6141: 6137: 6116: 6094: 6090: 6071: 6050: 6005: 5981: 5973: 5935: 5928:

Mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern. Die höchstdekorierten Soldaten des Zweiten Weltkrieges

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From late 1942 onwards JG 2 was in the front line against the increasingly numerous

936: 849:. That day, Oesau shot down the Hurricane piloted by Sergeant H. D. Denchfield from 834: 588: 574:) anticipating an attack from the Polish Air Force. A week later the group moved to 505: 486: 8581: 8452: 8440: 8389: 8315: 8073: 8043: 7882: 7533: 7324: 7230: 7122: 6938: 6837: 4459: 3533: 2744: 1855: 1839: 1437: 1289: 1214: 1166: 947: 869: 842: 823: 719: 680: 625: 601: 452: 272: 253: 102: 8261: 5932:

With Oak Leaves and Swords. The Highest Decorated Soldiers of the Second World War

1525: 829:. With 39 victories he was currently the 4th highest scoring fighter pilot behind 8569: 8512: 8207: 8097: 8053: 7756: 7561: 7450: 7412: 7174: 7150: 7142: 4217: 4042: 1658: 1606: 1308: 1128: 804: 766: 653: 528: 7591: 7422: 7349: 952:(Army Group South), with the objective of capturing the Ukraine and its capital 362:

At the start of World War II, Oesau was given command of a fighter group within

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of III./JG 1, who was on the same mission, there were five P-38s facing Oesau.

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Spitfires. By the end of September 1941, Oesau had claimed two more Spitfires.

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Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords

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on 26 August 1939. From there, the group was transferred to Sprottau (modern

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drawn from JG 2. Prior to the invasion of Poland I./JG 20 was transferred to

513: 494: 490: 353: 345: 319: 290: 197: 181: 71: 8020: 6546:] (in German). Bad Friedrichshall, Germany: Friedrichshaller Rundblick. 6333:

Messerschmitt Bf 109 in Action with the III./Jagdgeschwader 3 in 1940 – 1945

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Messerschmitt Bf 109 im Einsatz bei der III./Jagdgeschwader 3 in 1940 – 1945

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German Aircraft of the Second World War: Including Helicopters and Missiles

5995: 5461: 5459: 5457: 5455: 5453: 5451: 5449: 4191: 4166: 4080: 3312: 2085: 1170: 1107: 1095: 1017: 926: 807:. By October 1940, Oesau had a total score of 48 (including 26 Spitfires). 711: 554: 424: 323: 138: 7044: 5609: 5607: 5605: 5603: 5590: 5588: 5586: 5584: 5582: 5580: 5578: 5576: 5574: 5572: 5547: 5545: 5543: 5541: 5539: 5537: 5524: 5522: 5520: 5507: 5505: 5503: 5490: 5488: 5486: 5484: 5482: 5480: 5478: 5476: 5474: 5447: 5445: 5443: 5441: 5439: 5437: 5435: 5433: 5431: 5429: 5416: 5414: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5406: 5393: 5391: 5389: 5349: 5347: 5345: 5343: 5341: 5339: 5273: 5271: 5269: 5267: 3818: 900: 751:. Over claiming of enemy losses was rife on both sides during the battle. 558:

and given command of 2./JG 20. On 15 July 1939, I./JG 20 was activated in

394:. He was killed in action on 11 May 1944 aged 30. JG 1 was given the name 8295: 8251: 7776: 7547: 7363: 7182: 6444:

Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2003b).

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Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2003a).

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Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2002b).

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Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2002a).

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Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2010).

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Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2004).

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Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2000).

306: 8419: 8275: 8167: 8137: 7809: 7766: 7294: 7087: 6951: 5600: 5569: 5534: 5517: 5500: 5471: 5426: 5403: 5386: 5137: 4054: 3446: 2154: 2016: 1746: 1005: 957: 846: 759: 706: 672: 620:). On 31 May, he claimed three Spitfires during a patrol North West of 567: 541: 477: 6020:"Records of Colonel James Leslie Doyle on Arlington National cemetery" 5669: 5650: 5316: 5283: 5244: 5232: 5211: 4786: 3498: 3426: 1139:

bomber offensive against the Luftwaffe, also being carried out by the

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piloted by Warrant Officer G. T. Rhodes in April 1942, during a rare

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The first fighter pilot to claim 100 aerial victories in combat was

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For an explanation of the meaning of Luftwaffe unit designation see

3639: 6845: 6289:] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. 4178: 1467: 1312: 1274: 1136: 960:

bomber. Next day he downed three more SB bombers near Lvov (modern

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Bf 109 C–1, Similar to one flown by Oesau in the Spanish Civil War.

447: 88: 857:, France. This was his 40th aerial victory. Oesau was awarded the 5934:] (in German). Vienna, Austria: Selbstverlag Florian Berger. 5557: 5304: 5125: 5017: 4615: 2582: 1819: 1365: 1335:. Lt Wilbur Jarvis, No. 2 in the flight led by Doyle received a 965: 854: 621: 435: 422:

transport unit, he undertook flying training in 1934 as a cadet (

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The Luftwaffe War Diaries: The German Air Force in World War II

5801: 5743: 5741: 5739: 5737: 5735: 5722: 5720: 5718: 5716: 5714: 5701: 5699: 5101: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4666: 4243: 3931: 3836: 3693: 3020: 2861: 2600: 1861: 1135:. Hence on 23 February 1944 – near the midpoint of the USAAF's 169: 6226:

Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 3 M–R

4728: 4726: 4724: 4293:

Oesau is the 2nd person on the left side of the coffin behind

979:

Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern

8587: 6523:] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. 5619: 5359: 5151: 5044: 4338: 3784: 3658: 3463: 1935: 1402:

The decision to continually retain or return gifted experts (

1315:. His body was thrown clear of the aircraft some yards away. 1124: 583: 212: 193: 5753: 5732: 5711: 5696: 5684: 4913: 4663: 1158:

around the fighters in time to intercept returning bombers.

1106:

in gold and diamonds on 17 October 1943. He was awarded the

6283:

Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941–1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II

6180:

Kay, Antony L.; Smith, Richard J.; Creek, Eddie J. (2002).

4889: 4721: 4365:

According to Mathews and Foreman this claim is unconfirmed.

4096:

Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords

2955: 2208:

At the Channel and over England — September – November 1940

1282: 1278: 1222: 1218: 1094:

of JG 1 on 12 November 1943, following the death of JG 1's

974:

Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords

961: 953: 296:

Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords

216: 208: 189: 8673:

Military personnel from the Province of Schleswig-Holstein

6287:

The German Cross 1941–1945 History and Recipients Volume 2

5820: 5818: 5816: 4431:

According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 11:20 over an

800:

of III./JG 51 while command of 7./JG 51 went to

614:

in the Netherlands, earning him the Iron Cross 1st class (

5830: 5201: 5199: 5197: 5195: 5193: 5191: 5189: 5187: 5185: 4711: 4709: 4707: 4692: 1519: This along with the & (ampersand) indicates an 1456:), for example "PQ 05 Ost 0021". The Luftwaffe grid map ( 1249:– "Yes, yes, I know that kind!", Göring said scornfully, 384:. Oesau operated on both the Western and Eastern Fronts. 7082: 6443: 6418: 6395: 6372: 5854: 5842: 5791: 5789: 5776: 5774: 5772: 5770: 5768: 5613: 5594: 5551: 5528: 5511: 5494: 5465: 5420: 5397: 5353: 5298: 5277: 4792: 4605: 4603: 4601: 4599: 4597: 4595: 4593: 2564:

At the Channel and over England — February – 9 June 1941

1493:) indicates those aerial victories which made Oesau an " 1387:

Oesau was the toughest fighter pilot in the Luftwaffe".

718:

Trautloft noticed three of a flight of six intercepting

410:" Oesau was born to a bank director in Farnewinkel near 6489: 6466: 6349: 5878: 5866: 5813: 5678: 5663: 5238: 5226: 5113: 5077: 4877: 4831: 4829: 4827: 4825: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4645: 4643: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4573: 1916:

At the Channel and over England — 26 June – August 1940

6592:] (in German). Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio-Verlag. 6049:] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. 5182: 5005: 4930: 4928: 4704: 1229:. Upon hearing the news, Göring phoned Oesau's staff: 1202:

stated that in order not to risk one of the Luftwaffe

546:

On 1 March 1939 Oesau joined the Headquarters Flight (

414:, Germany on 28 June 1913. He joined the German Army ( 334:

from 1934 until his death in 1944. He rose to command

8553: 5786: 5765: 4957: 4947: 4945: 4943: 4865: 4853: 4738: 1058:

RAF daylight raid on the MAN engine plant in Augsburg

867:) next day. It also earned him a second entry in the 656:

fighters. On 7 July 1940 Oesau claimed one Spitfire.

438:. Upon completion of his training he was assigned to 4841: 4822: 4810: 4774: 4750: 4640: 4570: 1509: This along with the * (asterisk) indicates an 1452:

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ =

1269:

despite a high fever. Leading three aircraft of the

1016:

JG 2 participated in the Luftwaffe air cover of the

640:

Theo Osterkamp established a policy of unrestricted

552:) of I./JG 2. By 15 July 1939 Oesau was promoted to 6247:(3rd Revised ed.). Merriam Press. p. 62. 5089: 4925: 3711:

On the Western Front — 1 January – 31 December 1943

3618:

On the Western Front — 1 January – 31 December 1942

1419:photos supposedly signed by Oesau (he never flew a 6115:. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen and Sword Books. 6089:. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 99. Oxford, UK: 5032: 4993: 4981: 4969: 4940: 4901: 4798: 4543:According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 10:00. 4534:According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 13:26. 4525:According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 12:10. 4516:According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 12:10. 4507:According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 13:00. 4498:According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 12:10. 4480:According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 19:27. 4471:According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 11:50. 4419:According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 14:05. 4410:According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 15:34. 4401:According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 13:50. 4392:According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 13:48. 2188:8 km (5.0 mi) northwest of Cap Gris-Nez 2121:20 km (12 mi) northwest of Cap Gris-Nez 1077:(USAAF) day bomber formations of B-17s and B-24s. 6808: 6498:] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. 6475:] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. 6452:] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. 6429:] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. 6404:] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. 6381:] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. 6335:] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. 6312:] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. 4762: 4634: 578:. On 21 February 1940, the unit was relocated to 16:German World War II flying ace and wing commander 8624: 6606: 6280: 6224:Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2015). 6001:Fighter: The True Story of the Battle of Britain 5978:The Luftwaffe Over Germany: Defense of the Reich 5807: 5107: 4383:This claim is not listed by Mathews and Foreman. 3360:On the Western Front — August – 31 December 1941 1409: 859:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves 341:, which was named in his honor after his death. 6560: 4686: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4427: 4425: 1442:Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims 1372:) has documented his last journey in pictures. 1368:, close to his birthplace and the town museum ( 985: 864:Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub 754:On 19 July, III./JG 51 were confronted by 6590:The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 2: L–Z 6223: 5971: 5644: 5563: 5380: 5310: 5176: 5131: 5050: 5026: 4458:According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as a 1066:of JG 2 exchanged their Bf 109 F aircraft for 769:, III./JG 51 escorted Dorniers attacking 7273: 7068: 6842:Germany at War: 400 Years of Military History 6179: 5900: 4919: 4732: 4247:(Colonel) (posthumous promotion after death) 4071:in Gold for fighter pilots with pennant "300" 2466:5 km (3.1 mi) southeast of Ashford 1529:inflicted on an already damaged heavy bomber. 1257:Angered by this comment, Oesau took off in a 1060:. It was his 101st kill. In August 1942, the 6326: 6303: 5759: 5747: 5726: 5705: 5690: 4895: 4438: 4422: 3764:Defense of the Reich — January – 11 May 1944 3729:10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of Elbeuf 3588:4 km (2.5 mi) northwest of Calais 3517:15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Dover 2052:5 km (3.1 mi) south of Folkestone 1952:10 km (6.2 mi) southwest of Dover 1457: 1127:'s 8th Air Force's new commander, Maj. Gen. 1111: 977: 862: 778: 676:. 20 Bf 109s of III./JG 51 led by 615: 6662:Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Aces of the Western Front 6561:Sundin, Claes; Bergström, Christer (2002). 6281:Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). 3692:25 km (16 mi) north-northwest of 8698:Military personnel from Schleswig-Holstein 8658:Luftwaffe personnel killed in World War II 7280: 7266: 7075: 7061: 6586:Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 2: L–Z 6563:More Luftwaffe Fighter Aircraft in Profile 6037: 5860: 5848: 5836: 2649:Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – July 1941 1133:new fighter strategy against the Luftwaffe 387:He returned to operations as commander of 318:(28 June 1913 – 11 May 1944) was a German 31: 6879:. California: Pacifica Military History. 6683: 6544:The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 1 6264:Defenders of the Reich: Volume 3, 1944–45 5901:Bekker, Cajus; Ziegler, Frank H. (1994). 4715: 4698: 1254:– "He has also turned tired and coward!" 6633: 6537: 6512: 6327:Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard (1996). 5994: 5954:"Bergström Black Cross/Red Star website" 5884: 5872: 5824: 5083: 4883: 3913:PQ 04 Ost N/AQ-2/3, west of Baden-Baden 1781:Battle of France — 10 May – 25 June 1940 1589:Spanish Civil War — July – November 1938 1431: 1317: 1119:For Commander-in-Chief of the Luftwaffe 999: 535: 476: 6836: 6261: 6084: 6063: 5948: 5205: 5143: 5119: 4934: 4744: 2173:5 km (3.1 mi) south of Dover 2035:10 km (6.2 mi) south of Dover 2000:5 km (3.1 mi) south of Dover 1564: 1549: 1273:, the schwarm broke formation over the 1185:shot down over Hanover; his last kill. 884: 8625: 6790:. Aviation Elite Units. Vol. 22. 6765:. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 37. 6715:. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 29. 6712:Bf 109 F/G/K Aces of the Western Front 6690:. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 11. 6583: 6304:Prien, Jochen; Rodeike, Peter (1996). 6242: 6129: 6107: 6070:. Red Kite/Air Research. p. 311. 5925: 5795: 5780: 5065: 4963: 4847: 4835: 4816: 4552:According to Scherzer on 16 July 1941. 3967:PQ 05 Ost S/FM/FN, vicinity of Zwolle 3532:15 km (9.3 mi) southwest of 907:concluded their last preparations for 7261: 7247:List of Spanish Civil War flying aces 7056: 6740:. Aviation Elite Units. Vol. 1. 6665:. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 9. 6540:Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 1 6204: 6154: 6133:Spitfire Vs Bf 109: Battle of Britain 4780: 4768: 4756: 4281:88, four squadrons equipped with the 4119:9th Oak Leaves on 6 February 1941 as 2084:20 km (12 mi) northwest of 810:On 10 November 1940, Oesau succeeded 493:. He was one of the first to join 3. 8594: 7008:6 September 1943 – 11 November 1943 6783: 6758: 6733: 6708: 6658: 5095: 5038: 5011: 4999: 4987: 4975: 4951: 4907: 4871: 4859: 4804: 4657: 4609: 4100:Knight's Cross on 20 August 1940 as 3950:PQ 05 Ost S/EQ, northwest of Vechta 1426: 659: 466: 8663:Recipients of the Gold German Cross 6262:Mombeek, Eric (13 September 2003). 5958:Identifying a Luftwaffe Planquadrat 4317:on 15 July 1941 and the second was 4069:Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe 1364:Mölders. Walter Oesau is buried in 841:. On 5 February 1941, the RAF flew 595: 13: 8678:Aviators killed by being shot down 6894:Holmes, Tony; Dibbs, John (2000). 6864: 6684:Weal, John; Price, Alfred (1996). 3554:15 km (9.3 mi) south of 932:(4th Air Fleet), under command of 918:(5th Air Corps), under command of 877:'Emils' with the new 'F' variant ( 14: 8709: 8683:Burials at the Invalids' Cemetery 6358:] (in German). Struve-Druck. 2153:3 km (1.9 mi) south of 1934:5 km (3.1 mi) south of 1860:20 km (12 mi) north of 1104:Combined Pilots-Observation Badge 715:Oesau was leading 7./JG 51. 8603: 8575: 8563: 8531:List of German World War II aces 7288: 6762:Bf 109 Aces of the Russian Front 6642:Sterling Publishing Company, Inc 5062:"Aero-Journal", no 3, April 1997 4546: 4051:in Gold with Swords and Diamonds 4017:PQ 05 Ost S/FS/FT, southwest of 3189:low level attack on an airfield 1244:– "No, he is in bed with fever." 1225:fighters. Oesau was in bed with 1028:attacked the German battleships 845:No. 3 targeting the airfield at 780:Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes 775:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 461: 451:. The unit was re–designated as 377:as the redesignated III Gruppe, 305: 293:in Gold with Swords and Diamonds 131: 8653:German World War II flying aces 7039:12 November 1943 – 11 May 1944 6974:1 July 1943 – 6 September 1943 6209:. London: McWhirter Twins Ltd. 5893: 5056: 4537: 4528: 4519: 4510: 4501: 4492: 4483: 4474: 4465: 4452: 4413: 4404: 4395: 4386: 4377: 4368: 4359: 4350: 4327: 4304: 4287: 4146: 3835:PQ 05 Ost S/HT/HU, vicinity of 939:. These air elements supported 6737:Jagdgeschwader 2: "Richthofen" 6228:. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. 4272: 4260: 4130:3rd Swords on 15 July 1941 as 4083:in Gold on 17 October 1943 as 1480:Chronicle of aerial victories 1143:flying out of Italian bases – 1022:Boeing B-17C Flying Fortresses 431:Deutsche Verkehrsfliegerschule 1: 8648:Spanish Civil War flying aces 8536:List of top World War II aces 6844:. Santa Barbara, California: 6613:Fighter Aces of the Luftwaffe 6004:. London, UK: Jonathan Cape. 4635:Williamson & Bujeiro 2004 4559: 4333:Reformed 6 September 1943 in 1410:Personality and personal life 1090:), before being appointed as 1075:United States Army Air Forces 758:of No. 141 Squadron south of 705:attacking a large convoy off 562:initially consisting of two 401: 369:. The group took part in the 6875:; Mikhailov, Andrey (2000). 5808:Patzwall & Scherzer 2001 5108:Toliver & Constable 1996 4564: 3871:PQ 04 Ost N/AR, vicinity of 1375: 986:Defence of the Reich 1941–44 899:relocated to an airfield at 794:, and Oesau replaced him as 500:in Spain in April 1938. The 428:) at the Luftwaffe Academy ( 7: 6787:Jagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders" 6018: 5073:Arlington National Cemetery 4920:Kay, Smith & Creek 2002 4687:Sundin & Bergström 2002 1265:20601—factory number) from 972:bomber. He was awarded the 10: 8714: 7297:with 100+ aerial victories 7003:Jagdfliegerführer Bretagne 6981:Jagdfliegerführer Bretagne 6946:4 July 1941 – 1 July 1943 6812:; Bujeiro, Ramiro (2004). 6024:Colonel James Leslie Doyle 5980:. MBI Publishing Company. 5645:Mathews & Foreman 2015 5564:Mathews & Foreman 2015 5381:Mathews & Foreman 2015 5311:Mathews & Foreman 2015 5177:Mathews & Foreman 2015 5132:Mathews & Foreman 2015 5051:Caldwell & Muller 2007 5027:Caldwell & Muller 2007 3752: 3699: 3606: 3410:north-northwest of Calais 3348: 2633: 2548: 2192: 1904: 1769: 1764: 1577: 1572: 1484: 1479: 1436:According to US historian 1161:On the next day, B-24s of 888: 663: 624:and next day he claimed a 599: 539: 470: 458:"Richthofen" in May 1939. 221:Jagdfliegerführer Bretagne 8525: 7861:Horst-Günther von Fassong 7748: 7525: 7390: 7341: 7302: 7242: 7094: 7041: 7028: 7020: 7010: 6998: 6988: 6976: 6964: 6958: 6948: 6935: 6927: 6922: 6243:Miller, David A. (1997). 6087:Aces of the Legion Condor 4733:Bekker & Ziegler 1994 4026: 3982:PQ 05 Ost S/ER, south of 1567: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1370:Dithmarscher Landesmuseum 1360:had a similar honor with 1261: G-6/AS "Green 13" ( 301: 286: 231: 203: 177: 164: 156: 144: 126: 112: 108: 98: 77: 50: 42: 30: 23: 8643:People from Dithmarschen 8108:Heinz-Wolfgang Schnaufer 6634:Townsend, Peter (2000). 6538:Stockert, Peter (1996). 6266:. Classic Publications. 6085:Forsyth, Robert (2011). 6039:Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer 5926:Berger, Florian (1999). 5760:Prien & Rodeike 1996 5748:Prien & Rodeike 1996 5727:Prien & Rodeike 1996 5706:Prien & Rodeike 1996 5691:Prien & Rodeike 1996 4896:Prien & Stemmer 1996 4253: 3930:PQ 05 Ost S/FO, east of 3482:northwest of Saint-Omer 1188: 1004:Oesau at the funeral of 617:Eisernes Kreuz 1. Klasse 8688:Condor Legion personnel 8148:Franz-Josef Beerenbrock 6897:Spitfire: Flying Legend 6513:Scherzer, Veit (2007). 6205:Mason, Francis (1969). 4063:1st Class (20 May 1940) 4060:2nd Class (15 May 1940) 1446:German Federal Archives 1352:in honor of its fallen 1113:Deutsches Kreuz in Gold 923:Robert Ritter von Greim 93:German-occupied Belgium 8430:Max-Hellmuth Ostermann 7682:Hans-Joachim Marseille 6687:Bf 109D/E Aces 1939–41 6584:Thomas, Franz (1998). 6064:Foreman, John (2003). 4268:Luftwaffe Organization 1523:(final destruction)—a 1521:endgültige Vernichtung 1489: This and the ♠ ( 1458: 1323: 1301:428th Fighter Squadron 1285:as well. According to 1116:) on 10 January 1944. 1112: 1009: 998: 978: 863: 779: 616: 482: 373:, later moving to the 8356:Eberhard von Boremski 7787:Friedrich-Karl Müller 7622:Ernst-Wilhelm Reinert 7465:Theodor Weissenberger 6607:Toliver, Raymond F.; 6188:Naval Institute Press 6136:. Duel. Vol. 5. 6130:Holmes, Tony (2007). 4716:Weal & Price 1996 4699:Weal & Price 1996 4234:(Lieutenant Colonel) 4035:Medalla de la Campaña 3731:west of Saint-Pierre 3266:northeast of Miropol 1880:northwest of Dunkirk 1432:Aerial victory claims 1322:His grave in Meldorf. 1321: 1003: 993: 903:on 18 June where the 582:under the control of 536:Western Front 1939–40 523:Medalla de la Campaña 480: 157:Years of service 37:Walter Oesau ca. 1941 8693:Reichswehr personnel 8158:Hans-Joachim Birkner 7672:Wolf-Dietrich Wilcke 7293:German World War II 6609:Constable, Trevor J. 6155:Kacha, Petr (2007). 4182:(Second Lieutenant) 3378:northeast of Calais 2619:south of Folkestone 2106:south of Folkestone 1259:Messerschmitt Bf 109 941:Generalfeldmarschall 925:, which was part of 909:Operation Barbarossa 891:Operation Barbarossa 885:Operation Barbarossa 316:Walter "Gulle" Oesau 269:Defence of the Reich 264:Operation Barbarossa 8503:Paul-Heinrich Dähne 8410:Friedrich Geißhardt 7798:Friedrich Wachowiak 7223:Joachim Schlichting 7107:Wolfgang Schellmann 6993:Jagdfliegerführer 4 6969:Jagdfliegerführer 4 6873:Bergström, Christer 6784:Weal, John (2006). 6759:Weal, John (2001). 6734:Weal, John (2000). 6709:Weal, John (1999). 6659:Weal, John (1996). 6617:Schiffer Publishing 6567:Schiffer Publishing 6207:Battle Over Britain 5950:Bergström, Christer 5566:, pp. 933–934. 5313:, pp. 932–933. 5134:, pp. 932–934. 5029:, pp. 160–162. 4324:on 24 October 1941. 4195:(First Lieutenant) 4091:Jagdfliegerführer 4 2069:west of Folkestone 2037:west of Folkestone 1983:northwest of Dover 1399:and Adolf Galland. 1354:Geschwaderkommodore 1348:received the title 1208:Geschwaderkommodore 1195:Geschwaderkommodore 1092:Geschwaderkommodore 1054:No. 44 Squadron RAF 920:General der Flieger 785:Geschwaderkommodore 771:Hornchurch airfield 690:Zerstörergeschwader 508:, took part in the 344:He served with the 330:, he served in the 99:Cause of death 7893:Joachim Müncheberg 7612:Johannes Steinhoff 6810:Williamson, Gordon 6167:on 1 February 2018 5972:Caldwell, Donald; 5614:Prien et al. 2003a 5595:Prien et al. 2003a 5552:Prien et al. 2003b 5529:Prien et al. 2003b 5512:Prien et al. 2003b 5495:Prien et al. 2003b 5466:Prien et al. 2003b 5421:Prien et al. 2003b 5398:Prien et al. 2002a 5354:Prien et al. 2002b 5299:Prien et al. 2002b 5278:Prien et al. 2002b 5071:James L. Doyle at 5014:, pp. 77–104. 4793:Prien et al. 2002b 3552:southeast of Dover 2524:27 September 1940 2490:27 September 1940 2457:18 September 1940 2423:15 September 1940 2389:14 September 1940 2354:14 September 1940 2336:30 September 1940 2320:11 September 1940 2302:29 September 1940 2267:29 September 1940 2233:28 September 1940 1573:Spanish Civil War 1381:Johannes Steinhoff 1324: 1010: 944:Gerd von Rundstedt 483: 371:Invasion of Poland 68:Kingdom of Prussia 8551: 8550: 8517: 8507: 8497: 8487: 8477: 8467: 8457: 8445: 8434: 8424: 8414: 8404: 8400:Siegfried Freytag 8394: 8384: 8380:Heinz Sachsenberg 8374: 8360: 8350: 8340: 8330: 8320: 8310: 8300: 8290: 8280: 8270: 8256: 8246: 8236: 8226: 8212: 8202: 8192: 8182: 8172: 8162: 8152: 8142: 8132: 8128:Friedrich Obleser 8122: 8112: 8102: 8092: 8082: 8068: 8058: 8048: 8036: 8032:Rudolf Rademacher 8025: 8015: 8005: 7995: 7985: 7975: 7965: 7955: 7945: 7935: 7925: 7917:Alfred Grislawski 7911: 7901: 7887: 7877: 7865: 7854: 7844: 7834: 7824: 7814: 7802: 7791: 7781: 7771: 7761: 7740: 7730: 7720: 7710: 7700: 7690: 7676: 7666: 7656: 7646: 7636: 7626: 7616: 7606: 7596: 7586: 7582:Joachim Kirschner 7576: 7566: 7556: 7542: 7517: 7507: 7497: 7483: 7469: 7459: 7445: 7431: 7417: 7407: 7382: 7368: 7358: 7333: 7319: 7255: 7254: 7235: 7227: 7219: 7211: 7203: 7199:Gotthard Handrick 7195: 7187: 7179: 7171: 7163: 7159:Wilhelm Balthasar 7155: 7147: 7139: 7131: 7119: 7111: 7103: 7085:Spanish Civil War 7051: 7050: 7042:Succeeded by 7011:Succeeded by 6977:Succeeded by 6949:Succeeded by 6931:Wilhelm Balthasar 6923:Military offices 6902:Osprey Publishing 6855:978-1-59884-981-3 6838:Zabecki, David T. 6829:978-1-84176-641-6 6820:Osprey Publishing 6801:978-1-84603-045-1 6792:Osprey Publishing 6776:978-1-84176-084-1 6767:Osprey Publishing 6751:978-1-84176-046-9 6742:Osprey Publishing 6726:978-1-85532-905-8 6717:Osprey Publishing 6701:978-1-85532-487-9 6692:Osprey Publishing 6676:978-1-85532-595-1 6667:Osprey Publishing 6651:978-1-84212-211-2 6626:978-0-88740-909-7 6599:978-3-7648-2300-9 6576:978-0-7643-1559-6 6553:978-3-9802222-7-3 6530:978-3-938845-17-2 6505:978-3-923457-92-2 6482:978-3-923457-73-1 6459:978-3-923457-69-4 6436:978-3-923457-68-7 6411:978-3-923457-64-9 6388:978-3-923457-63-2 6365:978-3-923457-61-8 6342:978-3-923457-33-5 6319:978-3-923457-24-3 6296:978-3-931533-45-8 6273:978-1-903223-03-1 6254:978-1-57638-025-3 6235:978-1-906592-20-2 6216:978-0-901928-00-9 6197:978-1-55750-010-6 6147:978-1-84603-190-8 6138:Osprey Publishing 6122:978-1-47384-723-1 6100:978-1-84908-347-8 6091:Osprey Publishing 6077:978-0-9538061-8-8 6056:978-3-7909-0284-6 6011:978-0-7126-7423-2 5987:978-1-85367-712-0 5941:978-3-9501307-0-6 5918:978-0-306-80604-9 5679:Prien et al. 2010 5664:Prien et al. 2004 5239:Prien et al. 2000 5227:Prien et al. 2000 4862:, pp. 41–43. 4701:, pp. 50–52. 4660:, pp. 15–25. 4637:, pp. 30–31. 4612:, pp. 70–71. 4344:Jagdfliegerführer 4251: 4250: 4157:Enlisted Soldier 4137:Gruppenkommandeur 4125:Gruppenkommandeur 4024: 4023: 3993:22 February 1944 3958:10 February 1944 3921:10 February 1944 3904:25 February 1944 3862:25 February 1944 3826:24 February 1944 3792:22 February 1944 3765: 3712: 3683:20 December 1942 3668:5 September 1942 3647:20 December 1942 3619: 3488:4 September 1941 3361: 2650: 2565: 2285:7 September 1940 2251:6 September 1940 2217:4 September 1940 2209: 1917: 1782: 1590: 1470:by 30 minutes of 1444:, researched the 1427:Summary of career 1294:Gruppenkommandeur 1175:1st Bomb division 1163:2nd Bomb division 1131:had instituted a 1085:Jagdfliegerführer 816:Gruppenkommandeur 812:Wilhelm Balthasar 797:Gruppenkommandeur 666:Battle of Britain 660:Battle of Britain 642:combat air patrol 510:Spanish Civil War 473:Spanish Civil War 467:Spanish Civil War 350:Spanish Civil War 313: 312: 259:Battle of Britain 244:Spanish Civil War 117:Friedhof Meldorf 8705: 8616: 8608: 8607: 8606: 8596: 8580: 8579: 8578: 8568: 8567: 8566: 8559: 8544: 8518: 8515: 8508: 8505: 8498: 8495: 8488: 8485: 8478: 8475: 8468: 8465: 8458: 8455: 8453:Josef Wurmheller 8448: 8447: 8443: 8441:Herbert Rollwage 8435: 8432: 8425: 8422: 8415: 8412: 8405: 8402: 8395: 8392: 8390:Hartmann Grasser 8385: 8382: 8375: 8368: 8361: 8358: 8351: 8348: 8341: 8338: 8331: 8328: 8321: 8318: 8316:Bernhard Vechtel 8311: 8308: 8301: 8298: 8291: 8288: 8281: 8278: 8271: 8264: 8257: 8254: 8247: 8244: 8237: 8234: 8227: 8220: 8213: 8210: 8203: 8200: 8193: 8190: 8183: 8180: 8173: 8170: 8163: 8160: 8153: 8150: 8143: 8140: 8133: 8130: 8123: 8120: 8113: 8110: 8103: 8100: 8093: 8090: 8083: 8076: 8074:Herbert Ihlefeld 8069: 8066: 8059: 8056: 8049: 8046: 8044:Josef Zwernemann 8039: 8038: 8034: 8026: 8023: 8016: 8013: 8006: 8003: 7996: 7993: 7986: 7983: 7981:Gerhard Hoffmann 7976: 7973: 7966: 7963: 7956: 7953: 7946: 7943: 7936: 7933: 7926: 7919: 7912: 7909: 7902: 7895: 7888: 7885: 7883:Karl-Heinz Weber 7878: 7875: 7868: 7867: 7863: 7855: 7852: 7845: 7842: 7835: 7832: 7825: 7822: 7815: 7812: 7805: 7804: 7800: 7792: 7789: 7782: 7779: 7772: 7769: 7762: 7759: 7741: 7738: 7731: 7728: 7721: 7718: 7711: 7708: 7701: 7698: 7691: 7684: 7677: 7674: 7667: 7664: 7657: 7654: 7647: 7644: 7637: 7634: 7627: 7624: 7617: 7614: 7607: 7604: 7597: 7594: 7587: 7584: 7577: 7574: 7567: 7564: 7557: 7550: 7543: 7536: 7534:Walter Krupinski 7518: 7515: 7508: 7505: 7498: 7491: 7484: 7477: 7470: 7467: 7460: 7453: 7446: 7439: 7432: 7425: 7418: 7415: 7408: 7401: 7383: 7376: 7369: 7366: 7359: 7352: 7334: 7327: 7325:Gerhard Barkhorn 7320: 7313: 7292: 7291: 7282: 7275: 7268: 7259: 7258: 7233: 7231:Hannes Trautloft 7225: 7217: 7209: 7207:Wolfgang Lippert 7201: 7193: 7185: 7177: 7169: 7161: 7153: 7145: 7137: 7125: 7123:Herbert Ihlefeld 7117: 7109: 7101: 7077: 7070: 7063: 7054: 7053: 7032:Jagdgeschwader 1 7021:Preceded by 6989:Preceded by 6959:Preceded by 6939:Jagdgeschwader 2 6928:Preceded by 6920: 6919: 6915: 6890: 6859: 6833: 6805: 6780: 6755: 6730: 6705: 6680: 6655: 6630: 6603: 6580: 6557: 6534: 6509: 6486: 6463: 6440: 6415: 6392: 6369: 6346: 6323: 6300: 6277: 6258: 6239: 6220: 6201: 6176: 6174: 6172: 6163:. Archived from 6151: 6126: 6104: 6081: 6060: 6034: 6032: 6030: 6015: 5991: 5968: 5966: 5964: 5945: 5922: 5888: 5882: 5876: 5870: 5864: 5858: 5852: 5846: 5840: 5834: 5828: 5822: 5811: 5805: 5799: 5793: 5784: 5778: 5763: 5757: 5751: 5745: 5730: 5724: 5709: 5703: 5694: 5688: 5682: 5676: 5667: 5661: 5648: 5642: 5617: 5611: 5598: 5592: 5567: 5561: 5555: 5549: 5532: 5526: 5515: 5509: 5498: 5492: 5469: 5463: 5424: 5418: 5401: 5395: 5384: 5378: 5357: 5351: 5314: 5308: 5302: 5296: 5281: 5275: 5242: 5236: 5230: 5224: 5209: 5203: 5180: 5174: 5149: 5141: 5135: 5129: 5123: 5117: 5111: 5105: 5099: 5093: 5087: 5081: 5075: 5069: 5063: 5060: 5054: 5048: 5042: 5036: 5030: 5024: 5015: 5009: 5003: 4997: 4991: 4985: 4979: 4973: 4967: 4961: 4955: 4949: 4938: 4932: 4923: 4917: 4911: 4905: 4899: 4893: 4887: 4881: 4875: 4874:, p. 10–11. 4869: 4863: 4857: 4851: 4845: 4839: 4833: 4820: 4814: 4808: 4802: 4796: 4790: 4784: 4778: 4772: 4766: 4760: 4754: 4748: 4742: 4736: 4730: 4719: 4713: 4702: 4696: 4690: 4684: 4661: 4655: 4638: 4632: 4613: 4607: 4553: 4550: 4544: 4541: 4535: 4532: 4526: 4523: 4517: 4514: 4508: 4505: 4499: 4496: 4490: 4487: 4481: 4478: 4472: 4469: 4463: 4460:Hawker Hurricane 4456: 4450: 4447: 4436: 4429: 4420: 4417: 4411: 4408: 4402: 4399: 4393: 4390: 4384: 4381: 4375: 4372: 4366: 4363: 4357: 4354: 4348: 4331: 4325: 4308: 4302: 4297:and in front of 4291: 4285: 4276: 4270: 4264: 4226:1 February 1943: 4151: 4150: 4140:of the III./JG 3 4127:of the III./JG 3 3882:8 February 1944 3848:30 January 1944 3808:30 January 1944 3763: 3748:PQ 14 West 3831 3710: 3708:2 "Richthofen" – 3617: 3615:2 "Richthofen" – 3594:26 October 1941 3563:13 October 1941 3523:13 October 1941 3359: 3357:2 "Richthofen" – 2988:north of Hoszca 2779:east of Makarow 2648: 2573:5 February 1941 2563: 2506:1 November 1940 2472:25 October 1940 2439:15 October 1940 2405:12 October 1940 2207: 1915: 1780: 1720:3 November 1938 1686:15 October 1938 1588: 1534: 1518: 1508: 1502: 1488: 1477: 1476: 1461: 1438:David T. Zabecki 1290:Hartmann Grasser 1215:Eighth Air Force 1193:While being the 1167:Eighth Air Force 1115: 1042:Wehrmachtbericht 981: 949:Heeresgruppe Süd 870:Wehrmachtbericht 866: 851:No. 610 Squadron 782: 732:No. 111 Squadron 681:Hannes Trautloft 626:Bristol Blenheim 619: 602:Battle of France 596:Battle of France 309: 277: 254:Battle of France 146: 137: 135: 134: 103:Killed in action 84: 60: 58: 35: 21: 20: 8713: 8712: 8708: 8707: 8706: 8704: 8703: 8702: 8623: 8622: 8619: 8609: 8604: 8602: 8599: 8595:sister projects 8592:at Knowledge's 8586: 8576: 8574: 8564: 8562: 8554: 8552: 8547: 8546: 8542: 8540: 8521: 8513:Reinhard Seiler 8511: 8501: 8491: 8481: 8471: 8461: 8451: 8439: 8438: 8428: 8418: 8408: 8398: 8388: 8378: 8364: 8354: 8344: 8334: 8324: 8314: 8304: 8294: 8284: 8274: 8260: 8250: 8240: 8230: 8216: 8208:Wilhelm Crinius 8206: 8196: 8186: 8176: 8166: 8156: 8146: 8136: 8126: 8116: 8106: 8098:Heinz Marquardt 8096: 8086: 8072: 8062: 8054:Dietrich Hrabak 8052: 8042: 8030: 8029: 8019: 8009: 7999: 7989: 7979: 7969: 7959: 7949: 7939: 7929: 7915: 7905: 7891: 7881: 7871: 7859: 7858: 7848: 7838: 7828: 7818: 7808: 7796: 7795: 7785: 7775: 7765: 7757:Fritz Tegtmeier 7755: 7744: 7734: 7724: 7716:Hans Beißwenger 7714: 7704: 7694: 7680: 7670: 7660: 7650: 7640: 7630: 7620: 7610: 7600: 7590: 7580: 7570: 7562:Joachim Brendel 7560: 7546: 7532: 7521: 7511: 7501: 7487: 7473: 7463: 7451:Heinrich Ehrler 7449: 7435: 7421: 7413:Erich Rudorffer 7411: 7397: 7386: 7372: 7362: 7348: 7337: 7323: 7309: 7298: 7289: 7286: 7256: 7251: 7238: 7175:Walter Grabmann 7151:Hans-Karl Mayer 7143:Reinhard Seiler 7090: 7081: 7047: 7038: 7026: 7016: 7007: 6996: 6984: 6973: 6962: 6954: 6945: 6933: 6918: 6912: 6904:. p. 192. 6893: 6887: 6871: 6867: 6865:Further reading 6862: 6856: 6830: 6802: 6794:. p. 128. 6777: 6752: 6744:. p. 128. 6727: 6702: 6677: 6652: 6644:. p. 480. 6627: 6619:. p. 352. 6600: 6577: 6554: 6531: 6506: 6483: 6460: 6437: 6412: 6389: 6366: 6343: 6320: 6297: 6274: 6255: 6236: 6217: 6198: 6190:. p. 400. 6170: 6168: 6148: 6123: 6101: 6078: 6057: 6028: 6026: 6012: 5988: 5974:Muller, Richard 5962: 5960: 5942: 5919: 5911:. p. 448. 5896: 5891: 5883: 5879: 5871: 5867: 5861:Fellgiebel 2000 5859: 5855: 5849:Fellgiebel 2000 5847: 5843: 5837:Fellgiebel 2000 5835: 5831: 5823: 5814: 5806: 5802: 5794: 5787: 5779: 5766: 5762:, p. 1208. 5758: 5754: 5750:, p. 1203. 5746: 5733: 5729:, p. 1201. 5725: 5712: 5708:, p. 1202. 5704: 5697: 5693:, p. 1200. 5689: 5685: 5677: 5670: 5662: 5651: 5643: 5620: 5612: 5601: 5593: 5570: 5562: 5558: 5550: 5535: 5527: 5518: 5510: 5501: 5493: 5472: 5464: 5427: 5419: 5404: 5396: 5387: 5379: 5360: 5352: 5317: 5309: 5305: 5297: 5284: 5276: 5245: 5237: 5233: 5225: 5212: 5204: 5183: 5175: 5152: 5142: 5138: 5130: 5126: 5122:, p. 1610. 5118: 5114: 5106: 5102: 5094: 5090: 5082: 5078: 5070: 5066: 5061: 5057: 5049: 5045: 5037: 5033: 5025: 5018: 5010: 5006: 4998: 4994: 4986: 4982: 4974: 4970: 4962: 4958: 4950: 4941: 4933: 4926: 4918: 4914: 4906: 4902: 4894: 4890: 4882: 4878: 4870: 4866: 4858: 4854: 4846: 4842: 4834: 4823: 4815: 4811: 4803: 4799: 4791: 4787: 4779: 4775: 4767: 4763: 4755: 4751: 4743: 4739: 4731: 4722: 4714: 4705: 4697: 4693: 4685: 4664: 4656: 4641: 4633: 4616: 4608: 4571: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4556: 4551: 4547: 4542: 4538: 4533: 4529: 4524: 4520: 4515: 4511: 4506: 4502: 4497: 4493: 4488: 4484: 4479: 4475: 4470: 4466: 4457: 4453: 4448: 4439: 4430: 4423: 4418: 4414: 4409: 4405: 4400: 4396: 4391: 4387: 4382: 4378: 4373: 4369: 4364: 4360: 4355: 4351: 4332: 4328: 4309: 4305: 4292: 4288: 4277: 4273: 4265: 4261: 4256: 4149: 4077:(1939) in Black 4043:Medalla Militar 4029: 4002:north of Thiel 3894: 3845: 3773:5 January 1944 3762: 3747: 3746:PQ 14 West 3972 3730: 3709: 3677:PQ 05 Ost 0021 3616: 3579:16 August 1941 3553: 3543:12 August 1941 3508:12 August 1941 3473:12 August 1941 3454:31 August 1941 3436:12 August 1941 3416:21 August 1941 3401:12 August 1941 3393:west of Calais 3384:21 August 1941 3369:10 August 1941 3358: 2647: 2562: 2529: 2511: 2495: 2477: 2444: 2428: 2410: 2394: 2375: 2370:5 October 1940 2359: 2341: 2325: 2307: 2290: 2272: 2256: 2238: 2222: 2206: 2179:18 August 1940 2144:18 August 1940 2138:south of Dover 2112:16 August 1940 2075:16 August 1940 2043:15 August 1940 2036: 2006:15 August 1940 1974:14 August 1940 1914: 1836: 1828: 1779: 1743: 1725: 1709: 1691: 1675: 1655: 1650:20 August 1938 1639: 1621: 1616:15 August 1938 1603: 1587: 1536: 1532: 1530: 1516: 1514: 1506: 1504: 1500: 1498: 1486: 1434: 1429: 1412: 1378: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1191: 1129:Jimmy Doolittle 1026:No. 90 Squadron 988: 893: 887: 805:Hermann Staiger 740:No. 74 Squadron 736:No. 64 Squadron 728:No. 56 Squadron 724:No. 32 squadron 701:Kampfgeschwader 698:bombers of II./ 668: 662: 654:Royal Air Force 604: 598: 544: 538: 529:Medalla Militar 504:, commanded by 475: 469: 464: 404: 294: 282: 281: 273: 247: 240: 132: 130: 122: 86: 82: 62: 56: 54: 38: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8711: 8701: 8700: 8695: 8690: 8685: 8680: 8675: 8670: 8665: 8660: 8655: 8650: 8645: 8640: 8635: 8618: 8617: 8588: 8585: 8584: 8572: 8549: 8548: 8541: 8539: 8538: 8533: 8527: 8526: 8523: 8522: 8520: 8519: 8509: 8499: 8493:Ulrich Wernitz 8489: 8479: 8473:Werner Mölders 8469: 8463:Rudolf Miethig 8459: 8449: 8436: 8426: 8416: 8406: 8396: 8386: 8376: 8362: 8352: 8346:Günther Lützow 8342: 8332: 8322: 8312: 8302: 8292: 8282: 8272: 8258: 8248: 8242:Berthold Korts 8238: 8228: 8218:Werner Schröer 8214: 8204: 8198:August Lambert 8194: 8188:Heinz Wernicke 8184: 8174: 8164: 8154: 8144: 8134: 8124: 8114: 8104: 8094: 8088:Wolfgang Tonne 8084: 8070: 8064:Wolf-Udo Ettel 8060: 8050: 8040: 8027: 8017: 8011:Franz Eisenach 8007: 7997: 7991:Heinrich Sterr 7987: 7977: 7967: 7961:Adolf Dickfeld 7957: 7947: 7941:Adolf Borchers 7937: 7931:Johannes Wiese 7927: 7913: 7903: 7889: 7879: 7873:Otto Fönnekold 7869: 7856: 7850:Walter Wolfrum 7846: 7836: 7830:Rudolf Trenkel 7826: 7816: 7806: 7793: 7783: 7773: 7763: 7752: 7750: 7746: 7745: 7743: 7742: 7732: 7726:Peter Düttmann 7722: 7712: 7706:Gerhard Thyben 7702: 7696:Heinrich Sturm 7692: 7678: 7668: 7658: 7648: 7638: 7632:Günther Schack 7628: 7618: 7608: 7602:Günther Josten 7598: 7588: 7578: 7568: 7558: 7544: 7529: 7527: 7523: 7522: 7520: 7519: 7513:Helmut Lipfert 7509: 7499: 7485: 7471: 7461: 7447: 7433: 7419: 7409: 7394: 7392: 7388: 7387: 7385: 7384: 7374:Walter Nowotny 7370: 7360: 7345: 7343: 7339: 7338: 7336: 7335: 7321: 7311:Erich Hartmann 7306: 7304: 7300: 7299: 7285: 7284: 7277: 7270: 7262: 7253: 7252: 7250: 7249: 7243: 7240: 7239: 7237: 7236: 7228: 7220: 7215:Günther Lützow 7212: 7204: 7196: 7188: 7180: 7172: 7164: 7156: 7148: 7140: 7132: 7120: 7112: 7104: 7099:Werner Mölders 7095: 7092: 7091: 7080: 7079: 7072: 7065: 7057: 7049: 7048: 7043: 7040: 7027: 7022: 7018: 7017: 7012: 7009: 6997: 6990: 6986: 6985: 6978: 6975: 6963: 6960: 6956: 6955: 6950: 6947: 6934: 6929: 6925: 6924: 6917: 6916: 6910: 6891: 6885: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6860: 6854: 6840:, ed. (2014). 6834: 6828: 6822:. p. 64. 6806: 6800: 6781: 6775: 6769:. p. 96. 6756: 6750: 6731: 6725: 6719:. p. 96. 6706: 6700: 6694:. p. 96. 6681: 6675: 6669:. p. 96. 6656: 6650: 6631: 6625: 6604: 6598: 6581: 6575: 6569:. p. 56. 6558: 6552: 6535: 6529: 6516:Bundesarchives 6510: 6504: 6487: 6481: 6464: 6458: 6441: 6435: 6416: 6410: 6393: 6387: 6370: 6364: 6347: 6341: 6324: 6318: 6301: 6295: 6278: 6272: 6259: 6253: 6240: 6234: 6221: 6215: 6202: 6196: 6177: 6157:"Walter Oesau" 6152: 6146: 6140:. p. 80. 6127: 6121: 6109:Franks, Norman 6105: 6099: 6082: 6076: 6061: 6055: 6035: 6016: 6010: 5992: 5986: 5969: 5946: 5940: 5923: 5917: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5889: 5877: 5865: 5853: 5841: 5839:, p. 329. 5829: 5827:, p. 576. 5812: 5810:, p. 336. 5800: 5798:, p. 130. 5785: 5783:, p. 255. 5764: 5752: 5731: 5710: 5695: 5683: 5681:, p. 428. 5668: 5666:, p. 213. 5649: 5647:, p. 934. 5618: 5616:, p. 412. 5599: 5597:, p. 411. 5568: 5556: 5554:, p. 144. 5533: 5531:, p. 142. 5516: 5514:, p. 138. 5499: 5497:, p. 141. 5470: 5468:, p. 140. 5425: 5423:, p. 137. 5402: 5400:, p. 247. 5385: 5383:, p. 933. 5358: 5315: 5303: 5282: 5243: 5241:, p. 188. 5231: 5229:, p. 187. 5210: 5208:, p. 103. 5181: 5179:, p. 932. 5150: 5136: 5124: 5112: 5110:, p. 352. 5100: 5098:, p. 125. 5088: 5086:, p. 339. 5076: 5064: 5055: 5053:, p. 194. 5043: 5031: 5016: 5004: 4992: 4980: 4968: 4966:, p. 268. 4956: 4939: 4924: 4922:, p. 234. 4912: 4900: 4898:, p. 105. 4888: 4886:, p. 281. 4876: 4864: 4852: 4840: 4821: 4809: 4797: 4785: 4783:, p. 180. 4773: 4761: 4759:, p. 158. 4749: 4737: 4735:, p. 132. 4720: 4703: 4691: 4662: 4639: 4614: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4555: 4554: 4545: 4536: 4527: 4518: 4509: 4500: 4491: 4482: 4473: 4464: 4451: 4437: 4421: 4412: 4403: 4394: 4385: 4376: 4367: 4358: 4349: 4326: 4322:Günther Lützow 4315:Werner Mölders 4312:Oberstleutnant 4303: 4299:Dietrich Peltz 4286: 4271: 4258: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4249: 4248: 4240: 4236: 4235: 4231:Oberstleutnant 4227: 4223: 4222: 4214: 4210: 4209: 4201: 4197: 4196: 4188: 4184: 4183: 4175: 4174:20 April 1937: 4171: 4170: 4163: 4159: 4158: 4155: 4148: 4145: 4144: 4143: 4142: 4141: 4128: 4117: 4114:Jagdgeschwader 4109:Staffelkapitän 4093: 4086:Oberstleutnant 4078: 4072: 4066: 4065: 4064: 4061: 4052: 4046: 4038: 4028: 4025: 4022: 4021: 4015: 4012: 4009: 4006: 4003: 4000: 3997: 3994: 3991: 3987: 3986: 3980: 3977: 3974: 3971: 3968: 3965: 3962: 3959: 3956: 3952: 3951: 3948: 3943: 3940: 3937: 3934: 3928: 3925: 3922: 3919: 3915: 3914: 3911: 3908: 3905: 3902: 3899: 3893:PQ 05 Ost S/PS 3891: 3886: 3883: 3880: 3876: 3875: 3869: 3866: 3863: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3849: 3846: 3843: 3840: 3839: 3833: 3830: 3827: 3824: 3821: 3815: 3812: 3809: 3806: 3802: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3793: 3790: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3774: 3771: 3767: 3766: 3759:Jagdgeschwader 3750: 3749: 3744: 3741: 3738: 3735: 3732: 3727: 3724: 3721: 3718: 3714: 3713: 3706:Jagdgeschwader 3697: 3696: 3690: 3687: 3684: 3681: 3678: 3675: 3672: 3669: 3666: 3662: 3661: 3656: 3651: 3648: 3645: 3642: 3636: 3631: 3628: 3627:17 April 1942 3625: 3621: 3620: 3613:Jagdgeschwader 3604: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3595: 3592: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3580: 3577: 3573: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3564: 3561: 3558: 3550: 3547: 3544: 3541: 3537: 3536: 3530: 3527: 3524: 3521: 3518: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3506: 3502: 3501: 3495: 3492: 3489: 3486: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3474: 3471: 3467: 3466: 3461: 3458: 3455: 3452: 3449: 3443: 3440: 3437: 3434: 3430: 3429: 3423: 3420: 3417: 3414: 3411: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3399: 3395: 3394: 3391: 3388: 3385: 3382: 3379: 3376: 3373: 3370: 3367: 3363: 3362: 3355:Jagdgeschwader 3346: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3337: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3326: 3323: 3320: 3316: 3315: 3309: 3306: 3303: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3289: 3286: 3282: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3264: 3261: 3258: 3255: 3251: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3242: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3228: 3225: 3221: 3220: 3218: 3215: 3212: 3211:23 July 1941? 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3198: 3195: 3191: 3190: 3187: 3184: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3164: 3160: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3151: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3134: 3130: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3121: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3100: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3091: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3077: 3074: 3070: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3061: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3048: 3045: 3042: 3038: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3023: 3017: 3014: 3011: 3008: 3004: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2995: 2992: 2989: 2986: 2983: 2980: 2977: 2973: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2964: 2961: 2958: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2943: 2939: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2930: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2919: 2916: 2913: 2909: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2900: 2897: 2894: 2892: 2889: 2886: 2883: 2879: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2870: 2867: 2864: 2858: 2851: 2848: 2845: 2841: 2840: 2838: 2835: 2832: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2818: 2815: 2811: 2810: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2788: 2785: 2781: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2763: 2760: 2757: 2754: 2750: 2749: 2747: 2742: 2739: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2718: 2717: 2715: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2686: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2677: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2652: 2651: 2644:Jagdgeschwader 2631: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2617: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2604: 2603: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2580: 2577: 2574: 2571: 2567: 2566: 2559:Jagdgeschwader 2546: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2537: 2535: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2518: 2517: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2491: 2488: 2484: 2483: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2467: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2451: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2417: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2400: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2387: 2383: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2348: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2314: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2279: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2270: 2268: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2245: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2234: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2211: 2210: 2203:Jagdgeschwader 2190: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2180: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2158: 2157: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2127: 2123: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2089: 2088: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2058: 2054: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2024: 2020: 2019: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1985: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1958: 1954: 1953: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1943:5 August 1940 1941: 1938: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1919: 1918: 1911:Jagdgeschwader 1902: 1901: 1895: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1865: 1864: 1858: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1837: 1834: 1832: 1829: 1826: 1823: 1822: 1816: 1811: 1808: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1784: 1783: 1776:Jagdgeschwader 1767: 1766: 1762: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1751: 1749: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1732: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1698: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1664: 1663: 1661: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1628: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1592: 1591: 1575: 1574: 1570: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1554: 1551: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1538: 1537: 1531: 1515: 1505: 1499: 1485: 1482: 1481: 1459:Jägermeldenetz 1433: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1411: 1408: 1397:Werner Mölders 1377: 1374: 1358:Werner Mölders 1271:Geschwaderstab 1190: 1187: 1141:15th Air Force 1121:Hermann Göring 1063:Geschwaderstab 1050:Avro Lancaster 987: 984: 937:Alexander Löhr 889:Main article: 886: 883: 835:Werner Mölders 825:Jagdgeschwader 790:Jagdgeschwader 767:18 August 1940 664:Main article: 661: 658: 600:Main article: 597: 594: 589:Staffelkapitän 540:Main article: 537: 534: 506:Werner Mölders 487:Werner Mölders 471:Main article: 468: 465: 463: 460: 454:Jagdgeschwader 441:Jagdgeschwader 403: 400: 398:in his honor. 390:Jagdgeschwader 380:Jagdgeschwader 365:Jagdgeschwader 337:Jagdgeschwader 311: 310: 303: 299: 298: 288: 284: 283: 280: 279: 266: 261: 256: 241: 236: 235: 233: 229: 228: 205: 201: 200: 179: 175: 174: 166: 162: 161: 158: 154: 153: 148: 142: 141: 128: 124: 123: 116: 114: 110: 109: 106: 105: 100: 96: 95: 85:(aged 30) 79: 75: 74: 52: 48: 47: 44: 40: 39: 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8710: 8699: 8696: 8694: 8691: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8681: 8679: 8676: 8674: 8671: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8636: 8634: 8631: 8630: 8628: 8621: 8614: 8613: 8601: 8600: 8597: 8591: 8583: 8573: 8571: 8561: 8560: 8557: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8528: 8524: 8514: 8510: 8504: 8500: 8494: 8490: 8484: 8483:Josef Priller 8480: 8474: 8470: 8464: 8460: 8454: 8450: 8442: 8437: 8431: 8427: 8421: 8417: 8411: 8407: 8401: 8397: 8391: 8387: 8381: 8377: 8372: 8367: 8366:Adolf Galland 8363: 8357: 8353: 8347: 8343: 8337: 8333: 8327: 8323: 8317: 8313: 8307: 8303: 8297: 8293: 8287: 8286:Franz Woidich 8283: 8277: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8262:Kurt Bühligen 8259: 8253: 8249: 8243: 8239: 8233: 8229: 8224: 8219: 8215: 8209: 8205: 8199: 8195: 8189: 8185: 8179: 8175: 8169: 8165: 8159: 8155: 8149: 8145: 8139: 8135: 8129: 8125: 8119: 8115: 8109: 8105: 8099: 8095: 8089: 8085: 8080: 8075: 8071: 8065: 8061: 8055: 8051: 8045: 8041: 8033: 8028: 8022: 8018: 8012: 8008: 8002: 7998: 7992: 7988: 7982: 7978: 7972: 7971:Wilhelm Lemke 7968: 7962: 7958: 7952: 7951:Erwin Clausen 7948: 7942: 7938: 7932: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7914: 7908: 7907:Hans Waldmann 7904: 7899: 7894: 7890: 7884: 7880: 7874: 7870: 7862: 7857: 7851: 7847: 7841: 7837: 7831: 7827: 7821: 7820:Heinrich Setz 7817: 7811: 7807: 7799: 7794: 7788: 7784: 7778: 7774: 7768: 7764: 7758: 7754: 7753: 7751: 7747: 7737: 7736:Gordon Gollob 7733: 7727: 7723: 7717: 7713: 7707: 7703: 7697: 7693: 7688: 7683: 7679: 7673: 7669: 7663: 7662:Horst Ademeit 7659: 7653: 7652:Heinz Schmidt 7649: 7643: 7639: 7633: 7629: 7623: 7619: 7613: 7609: 7603: 7599: 7593: 7589: 7583: 7579: 7573: 7569: 7563: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7531: 7530: 7528: 7524: 7514: 7510: 7504: 7500: 7495: 7490: 7489:Walter Schuck 7486: 7481: 7476: 7472: 7466: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7434: 7429: 7424: 7420: 7414: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7396: 7395: 7393: 7389: 7380: 7375: 7371: 7365: 7361: 7356: 7351: 7347: 7346: 7344: 7340: 7331: 7326: 7322: 7317: 7312: 7308: 7307: 7305: 7301: 7296: 7283: 7278: 7276: 7271: 7269: 7264: 7263: 7260: 7248: 7245: 7244: 7241: 7232: 7229: 7224: 7221: 7216: 7213: 7208: 7205: 7200: 7197: 7192: 7191:Herbert Schob 7189: 7184: 7181: 7176: 7173: 7168: 7167:Horst Tietzen 7165: 7160: 7157: 7152: 7149: 7144: 7141: 7136: 7133: 7129: 7124: 7121: 7116: 7113: 7108: 7105: 7100: 7097: 7096: 7093: 7089: 7086: 7078: 7073: 7071: 7066: 7064: 7059: 7058: 7055: 7046: 7037: 7036: 7033: 7030:Commander of 7025: 7019: 7015: 7006: 7005: 7004: 7000:Commander of 6995: 6994: 6987: 6983: 6982: 6972: 6971: 6970: 6966:Commander of 6957: 6953: 6944: 6943: 6940: 6937:Commander of 6932: 6926: 6921: 6913: 6911:1-84603-190-7 6907: 6903: 6899: 6898: 6892: 6888: 6886:0-935553-48-7 6882: 6878: 6874: 6870: 6869: 6857: 6851: 6847: 6843: 6839: 6835: 6831: 6825: 6821: 6817: 6816: 6811: 6807: 6803: 6797: 6793: 6789: 6788: 6782: 6778: 6772: 6768: 6764: 6763: 6757: 6753: 6747: 6743: 6739: 6738: 6732: 6728: 6722: 6718: 6714: 6713: 6707: 6703: 6697: 6693: 6689: 6688: 6682: 6678: 6672: 6668: 6664: 6663: 6657: 6653: 6647: 6643: 6639: 6638: 6632: 6628: 6622: 6618: 6614: 6610: 6605: 6601: 6595: 6591: 6587: 6582: 6578: 6572: 6568: 6564: 6559: 6555: 6549: 6545: 6541: 6536: 6532: 6526: 6522: 6517: 6511: 6507: 6501: 6497: 6493: 6488: 6484: 6478: 6474: 6470: 6465: 6461: 6455: 6451: 6447: 6442: 6438: 6432: 6428: 6423: 6417: 6413: 6407: 6403: 6399: 6394: 6390: 6384: 6380: 6376: 6371: 6367: 6361: 6357: 6353: 6348: 6344: 6338: 6334: 6330: 6325: 6321: 6315: 6311: 6307: 6302: 6298: 6292: 6288: 6284: 6279: 6275: 6269: 6265: 6260: 6256: 6250: 6246: 6241: 6237: 6231: 6227: 6222: 6218: 6212: 6208: 6203: 6199: 6193: 6189: 6185: 6184: 6178: 6166: 6162: 6158: 6153: 6149: 6143: 6139: 6135: 6134: 6128: 6124: 6118: 6114: 6110: 6106: 6102: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6083: 6079: 6073: 6069: 6068: 6062: 6058: 6052: 6048: 6044: 6040: 6036: 6025: 6021: 6017: 6013: 6007: 6003: 6002: 5997: 5996:Deighton, Len 5993: 5989: 5983: 5979: 5975: 5970: 5959: 5955: 5951: 5947: 5943: 5937: 5933: 5929: 5924: 5920: 5914: 5910: 5909:Da Capo Press 5906: 5905: 5899: 5898: 5887:, p. 68. 5886: 5885:Stockert 1996 5881: 5875:, p. 66. 5874: 5873:Stockert 1996 5869: 5863:, p. 39. 5862: 5857: 5851:, p. 54. 5850: 5845: 5838: 5833: 5826: 5825:Scherzer 2007 5821: 5819: 5817: 5809: 5804: 5797: 5792: 5790: 5782: 5777: 5775: 5773: 5771: 5769: 5761: 5756: 5749: 5744: 5742: 5740: 5738: 5736: 5728: 5723: 5721: 5719: 5717: 5715: 5707: 5702: 5700: 5692: 5687: 5680: 5675: 5673: 5665: 5660: 5658: 5656: 5654: 5646: 5641: 5639: 5637: 5635: 5633: 5631: 5629: 5627: 5625: 5623: 5615: 5610: 5608: 5606: 5604: 5596: 5591: 5589: 5587: 5585: 5583: 5581: 5579: 5577: 5575: 5573: 5565: 5560: 5553: 5548: 5546: 5544: 5542: 5540: 5538: 5530: 5525: 5523: 5521: 5513: 5508: 5506: 5504: 5496: 5491: 5489: 5487: 5485: 5483: 5481: 5479: 5477: 5475: 5467: 5462: 5460: 5458: 5456: 5454: 5452: 5450: 5448: 5446: 5444: 5442: 5440: 5438: 5436: 5434: 5432: 5430: 5422: 5417: 5415: 5413: 5411: 5409: 5407: 5399: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5382: 5377: 5375: 5373: 5371: 5369: 5367: 5365: 5363: 5356:, p. 86. 5355: 5350: 5348: 5346: 5344: 5342: 5340: 5338: 5336: 5334: 5332: 5330: 5328: 5326: 5324: 5322: 5320: 5312: 5307: 5301:, p. 84. 5300: 5295: 5293: 5291: 5289: 5287: 5280:, p. 83. 5279: 5274: 5272: 5270: 5268: 5266: 5264: 5262: 5260: 5258: 5256: 5254: 5252: 5250: 5248: 5240: 5235: 5228: 5223: 5221: 5219: 5217: 5215: 5207: 5202: 5200: 5198: 5196: 5194: 5192: 5190: 5188: 5186: 5178: 5173: 5171: 5169: 5167: 5165: 5163: 5161: 5159: 5157: 5155: 5147: 5146: 5140: 5133: 5128: 5121: 5116: 5109: 5104: 5097: 5092: 5085: 5084:Townsend 2000 5080: 5074: 5068: 5059: 5052: 5047: 5041:, p. 57. 5040: 5035: 5028: 5023: 5021: 5013: 5008: 5002:, p. 21. 5001: 4996: 4990:, p. 79. 4989: 4984: 4978:, p. 80. 4977: 4972: 4965: 4960: 4954:, p. 78. 4953: 4948: 4946: 4944: 4936: 4931: 4929: 4921: 4916: 4910:, p. 28. 4909: 4904: 4897: 4892: 4885: 4884:Deighton 1977 4880: 4873: 4868: 4861: 4856: 4850:, p. 11. 4849: 4844: 4838:, p. 30. 4837: 4832: 4830: 4828: 4826: 4819:, p. 74. 4818: 4813: 4807:, p. 31. 4806: 4801: 4795:, p. 80. 4794: 4789: 4782: 4777: 4770: 4765: 4758: 4753: 4747:, p. 99. 4746: 4741: 4734: 4729: 4727: 4725: 4718:, p. 68. 4717: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4700: 4695: 4689:, p. 56. 4688: 4683: 4681: 4679: 4677: 4675: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4667: 4659: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4644: 4636: 4631: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4621: 4619: 4611: 4606: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4592: 4590: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4569: 4549: 4540: 4531: 4522: 4513: 4504: 4495: 4486: 4477: 4468: 4461: 4455: 4446: 4444: 4442: 4434: 4433:Ilyushin DB-3 4428: 4426: 4416: 4407: 4398: 4389: 4380: 4371: 4362: 4353: 4347: 4345: 4340: 4336: 4330: 4323: 4320: 4316: 4313: 4307: 4300: 4296: 4295:Adolf Galland 4290: 4284: 4283:Heinkel He 51 4280: 4275: 4269: 4263: 4259: 4246: 4245: 4241: 4238: 4237: 4233: 4232: 4228: 4225: 4224: 4220: 4219: 4215: 4213:20 July 1941: 4212: 4211: 4207: 4206: 4202: 4200:19 July 1940: 4199: 4198: 4194: 4193: 4189: 4187:15 July 1939: 4186: 4185: 4181: 4180: 4176: 4173: 4172: 4169: 4168: 4164: 4161: 4160: 4156: 4154:October 1933: 4153: 4152: 4139: 4138: 4133: 4129: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4115: 4111: 4110: 4105: 4104: 4099: 4098: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4088: 4087: 4082: 4079: 4076: 4073: 4070: 4067: 4062: 4059: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4050: 4049:Spanish Cross 4047: 4045: 4044: 4039: 4037: 4036: 4031: 4030: 4020: 4016: 4013: 4010: 4007: 4004: 4001: 3998: 3995: 3992: 3989: 3988: 3985: 3981: 3978: 3975: 3973:6 March 1944 3972: 3969: 3966: 3963: 3960: 3957: 3954: 3953: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3941: 3939:6 March 1944 3938: 3935: 3933: 3929: 3926: 3923: 3920: 3917: 3916: 3912: 3909: 3906: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3884: 3881: 3878: 3877: 3874: 3870: 3867: 3864: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3850: 3847: 3842: 3841: 3838: 3834: 3831: 3828: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817:southwest of 3816: 3813: 3810: 3807: 3804: 3803: 3800: 3797: 3794: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3775: 3772: 3769: 3768: 3760: 3756: 3751: 3745: 3742: 3739: 3736: 3733: 3728: 3725: 3722: 3720:4 April 1943 3719: 3716: 3715: 3707: 3703: 3698: 3695: 3691: 3688: 3685: 3682: 3679: 3676: 3673: 3670: 3667: 3664: 3663: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3649: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3629: 3626: 3623: 3622: 3614: 3610: 3605: 3602: 3599: 3596: 3593: 3590: 3587: 3584: 3581: 3578: 3575: 3574: 3571: 3568: 3565: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3551: 3548: 3545: 3542: 3539: 3538: 3535: 3531: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3519: 3516: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3504: 3503: 3500: 3496: 3493: 3490: 3487: 3484: 3481: 3478: 3475: 3472: 3469: 3468: 3465: 3462: 3459: 3456: 3453: 3450: 3448: 3445:northwest of 3444: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3432: 3431: 3428: 3424: 3421: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3409: 3406: 3403: 3400: 3397: 3396: 3392: 3389: 3386: 3383: 3380: 3377: 3374: 3371: 3368: 3365: 3364: 3356: 3352: 3347: 3344: 3341: 3338: 3336:24 July 1941 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3324: 3322:10 July 1941 3321: 3318: 3317: 3314: 3310: 3307: 3304: 3302:23 July 1941 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3290: 3287: 3284: 3283: 3280: 3277: 3274: 3272:23 July 1941 3271: 3268: 3265: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3253: 3252: 3249: 3246: 3243: 3241:23 July 1941 3240: 3237: 3235: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3223: 3222: 3219: 3216: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3196: 3193: 3192: 3188: 3185: 3182: 3180:22 July 1941 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3152: 3150:15 July 1941 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3138: 3135: 3132: 3131: 3128: 3125: 3122: 3120:15 July 1941 3119: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3108: 3105: 3102: 3101: 3098: 3095: 3092: 3090:13 July 1941 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3078: 3075: 3072: 3071: 3068: 3065: 3062: 3060:12 July 1941 3059: 3056: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3046: 3043: 3040: 3039: 3036: 3033: 3030: 3028:12 July 1941 3027: 3024: 3022: 3018: 3015: 3012: 3009: 3006: 3005: 3002: 2999: 2996: 2994:12 July 1941 2993: 2990: 2987: 2984: 2981: 2978: 2975: 2974: 2971: 2968: 2965: 2963:12 July 1941 2962: 2959: 2957: 2953: 2950: 2947: 2944: 2941: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2931: 2929:12 July 1941 2928: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2917: 2915:30 June 1941 2914: 2911: 2910: 2907: 2904: 2901: 2899:12 July 1941 2898: 2895: 2893: 2890: 2887: 2885:30 June 1941 2884: 2881: 2880: 2877: 2874: 2871: 2869:12 July 1941 2868: 2865: 2863: 2859: 2856: 2852: 2849: 2847:29 June 1941 2846: 2843: 2842: 2839: 2836: 2833: 2831:11 July 1941 2830: 2827: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2817:26 June 1941 2816: 2813: 2812: 2809: 2806: 2803: 2801:11 July 1941 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2789: 2787:26 June 1941 2786: 2783: 2782: 2778: 2775: 2772: 2770:10 July 1941 2769: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2756:26 June 1941 2755: 2752: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2738:10 July 1941 2737: 2734: 2732: 2729: 2726: 2724:26 June 1941 2723: 2720: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2708: 2706:10 July 1941 2705: 2702: 2700: 2697: 2694: 2692:24 June 1941 2691: 2688: 2687: 2684: 2682:I-17 (MiG-1) 2681: 2678: 2676:10 July 1941 2675: 2672: 2670: 2667: 2663: 2660: 2658:24 June 1941 2657: 2654: 2653: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2632: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2605: 2602: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2569: 2568: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2452: 2449: 2446: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2433: 2430: 2425: 2422: 2419: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2384: 2380: 2377: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2349: 2346: 2343: 2338: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2322: 2319: 2316: 2315: 2312: 2309: 2304: 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1866: 1863: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1833: 1830: 1825: 1824: 1821: 1818:northwest of 1817: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1785: 1777: 1773: 1768: 1765:World War II 1763: 1760: 1758: 1756: 1754: 1752: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1740: 1738:27 July 1938 1737: 1734: 1733: 1730: 1727: 1722: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1706: 1704:20 July 1938 1703: 1700: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1680: 1677: 1672: 1670:18 July 1938 1669: 1666: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1636: 1634:17 July 1938 1633: 1630: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1600: 1598:15 July 1938 1597: 1594: 1593: 1585: 1581: 1576: 1571: 1539: 1528: 1527: 1526:coup de grâce 1522: 1512: 1496: 1492: 1491:Ace of spades 1483: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1424: 1422: 1418: 1407: 1405: 1400: 1398: 1394: 1388: 1386: 1382: 1373: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1341: 1338: 1334: 1328: 1320: 1316: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1297: 1295: 1291: 1288: 1284: 1281:and possibly 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1255: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1211: 1209: 1205: 1200: 1196: 1186: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1159: 1156: 1155: 1150:Commander of 1149: 1148:Joseph Schmid 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1117: 1114: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1088: 1086: 1078: 1076: 1071: 1069: 1065: 1064: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1045: 1043: 1039: 1038: 1033: 1032: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1014: 1007: 1002: 997: 992: 983: 980: 975: 971: 970:Ilyushin DB-3 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 950: 945: 942: 938: 935: 934:Generaloberst 931: 929: 924: 921: 917: 916: 910: 906: 902: 898: 892: 882: 880: 876: 872: 871: 865: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 839:Adolf Galland 836: 832: 828: 826: 821: 817: 813: 808: 806: 803: 799: 798: 793: 791: 786: 781: 776: 772: 768: 763: 761: 757: 752: 750: 745: 744:Pilot Officer 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 716: 714: 713: 708: 704: 702: 697: 696:Dornier Do 17 693: 691: 686: 682: 679: 675: 674: 667: 657: 655: 651: 648:) of fighter 647: 643: 639: 633: 631: 627: 623: 618: 613: 609: 603: 593: 592:of 7./JG 51. 591: 590: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 556: 551: 550: 543: 533: 531: 530: 525: 524: 519: 515: 514:Spanish Cross 511: 507: 503: 499: 497: 492: 491:Adolf Galland 488: 479: 474: 462:Combat career 459: 457: 455: 450: 449: 444: 442: 437: 433: 432: 427: 426: 421: 417: 413: 409: 399: 397: 393: 391: 385: 383: 381: 376: 375:Western Front 372: 368: 366: 360: 358: 356: 351: 347: 346:Condor Legion 342: 340: 338: 333: 329: 325: 321: 320:fighter pilot 317: 308: 304: 300: 297: 292: 291:Spanish Cross 289: 285: 278: 276: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 251: 250: 249:World War II 246: 245: 239: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 199: 198:Jagdgruppe 88 195: 191: 187: 183: 182:Condor Legion 180: 176: 172: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 152: 149: 143: 140: 129: 125: 120: 115: 111: 107: 104: 101: 97: 94: 90: 80: 76: 73: 72:German Empire 69: 65: 53: 49: 45: 41: 34: 29: 22: 19: 8620: 8615:from Commons 8610: 8590:Walter Oesau 8589: 8336:Werner Lucas 8326:Viktor Bauer 8232:Hans Dammers 8178:Walter Oesau 8177: 8001:Walther Dahl 7840:Franz Schall 7592:Kurt Brändle 7503:Anton Hafner 7475:Hans Philipp 7437:Hermann Graf 7423:Heinrich Bär 7399:Wilhelm Batz 7350:Günther Rall 7135:Walter Oesau 7134: 7115:Otto Bertram 7034: 7029: 7024:Hermann Graf 7001: 6999: 6991: 6979: 6967: 6965: 6941: 6936: 6896: 6876: 6841: 6814: 6786: 6761: 6736: 6711: 6686: 6661: 6636: 6612: 6589: 6585: 6562: 6543: 6539: 6519: 6514: 6495: 6491: 6472: 6468: 6449: 6445: 6425: 6420: 6401: 6397: 6378: 6374: 6355: 6351: 6332: 6328: 6309: 6305: 6286: 6282: 6263: 6244: 6225: 6206: 6182: 6169:. 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Retrieved 5957: 5931: 5927: 5903: 5894:Bibliography 5880: 5868: 5856: 5844: 5832: 5803: 5755: 5686: 5559: 5306: 5234: 5206:Forsyth 2011 5144: 5139: 5127: 5120:Zabecki 2014 5115: 5103: 5091: 5079: 5067: 5058: 5046: 5034: 5007: 4995: 4983: 4971: 4959: 4935:Mombeek 2003 4915: 4903: 4891: 4879: 4867: 4855: 4843: 4812: 4800: 4788: 4776: 4764: 4752: 4745:Foreman 2003 4740: 4694: 4548: 4539: 4530: 4521: 4512: 4503: 4494: 4485: 4476: 4467: 4454: 4415: 4406: 4397: 4388: 4379: 4370: 4361: 4352: 4343: 4329: 4318: 4311: 4306: 4289: 4278: 4274: 4262: 4242: 4229: 4216: 4203: 4192:Oberleutnant 4190: 4177: 4167:Fahnenjunker 4165: 4147:Date of Rank 4135: 4131: 4124: 4120: 4113: 4107: 4101: 4090: 4084: 4081:German Cross 4041: 4033: 3758: 3754: 3737:29 May 1943 3705: 3701: 3612: 3608: 3354: 3350: 3328:V-11 (Il-2) 3313:Bila Tserkva 3288:8 July 1941 3257:8 July 1941 3227:8 July 1941 3197:8 July 1941 3166:7 July 1941 3136:6 July 1941 3106:6 July 1941 3076:6 July 1941 3044:2 July 1941 3010:1 July 1941 2979:1 July 1941 2954:vicinity of 2945:1 July 1941 2905:V-11 (Il-2) 2891:V-11 (Il-2) 2875:V-11 (Il-2) 2643: 2639: 2635: 2610:16 May 1941 2590:28 May 1941 2558: 2554: 2550: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2086:Cap Gris-Nez 1960:7 July 1940 1925:7 July 1940 1910: 1906: 1871:31 May 1940 1849:1 June 1940 1831:23 May 1940 1807:31 May 1940 1790:13 May 1940 1775: 1771: 1583: 1579: 1524: 1520: 1511:Herausschuss 1510: 1495:ace-in-a-day 1453: 1451: 1441: 1435: 1420: 1413: 1403: 1401: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1369: 1353: 1349: 1342: 1336: 1329: 1325: 1298: 1293: 1286: 1270: 1262: 1256: 1251: 1246: 1241: 1236: 1232: 1231: 1212: 1207: 1203: 1194: 1192: 1177:also bombed 1160: 1153: 1145:Generalmajor 1144: 1118: 1108:German Cross 1099: 1096:Hans Philipp 1091: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1072: 1061: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1030: 1018:Channel Dash 1015: 1011: 994: 989: 948: 940: 933: 927: 919: 915:Fliegerkorps 914: 904: 896: 894: 878: 868: 824: 819: 815: 809: 802:Oberleutnant 801: 795: 789: 784: 764: 753: 717: 712:Oberleutnant 710: 700: 694:escorted 20 689: 677: 671: 669: 649: 645: 637: 634: 605: 587: 580:Bönninghardt 563: 555:Oberleutnant 553: 549:Stabsschwarm 547: 545: 527: 521: 518:Spanienkreuz 517: 501: 495: 484: 453: 446: 440: 429: 425:Fahnenjunker 423: 407: 405: 395: 389: 386: 379: 364: 361: 354: 343: 336: 324:World War II 315: 314: 274: 248: 242: 237: 232:Battles/wars 168: 139:Nazi Germany 83:(1944-05-11) 61:28 June 1913 25:Walter Oesau 18: 8638:1944 deaths 8633:1913 births 8296:Emil Bitsch 8252:Helmut Lent 8118:Robert Weiß 7777:Kurt Tanzer 7548:Anton Hackl 7364:Otto Kittel 7295:flying aces 7183:Rolf Pingel 7088:flying aces 6171:20 February 5796:Thomas 1998 5781:Berger 1999 5145:Planquadrat 4964:Berger 1999 4848:Franks 2016 4836:Miller 1997 4817:Holmes 2007 4239:1 May 1944: 4075:Wound Badge 4008:8 May 1944 3984:Delmenhorst 3897:Bad Nauheim 3873:Baden-Baden 3497:Saint-Omer/ 1899:Les Andelys 1454:Planquadrat 1183:Thunderbolt 1179:Schweinfurt 1068:Fw 190 A–2s 1031:Scharnhorst 831:Helmut Wick 749:RAF Manston 576:Brandenburg 348:during the 328:fighter ace 238:See battles 81:11 May 1944 64:Farnewinkel 43:Nickname(s) 8627:Categories 8420:Egon Mayer 8276:Kurt Ubben 8168:Jakob Norz 8138:Erich Leie 8021:Franz Dörr 7810:Karl Gratz 7767:Albin Wolf 6952:Egon Mayer 6942:Richthofen 6427:Early 1942 4781:Mason 1969 4769:Kacha 2007 4757:Mason 1969 4560:References 4279:Jagdgruppe 4208:(Captain) 4112:of the 7./ 4055:Iron Cross 3895:220° from 3854:B-17& 3447:Saint-Omer 3407:Spitfire? 2596:Hurricane 2579:Hurricane 2532:Hurricane 2498:Hurricane 2447:Hurricane 2185:Hurricane 2155:Canterbury 2150:Hurricane 2135:Hurricane 2017:Folkestone 1980:Hurricane 1801:Halsteren 1584:Jagdgruppe 1263:Werknummer 1235:– "Is the 1052:bomber of 1006:Ernst Udet 996:successes. 958:Tupolev SB 928:Luftflotte 847:Saint-Omer 760:Folkestone 720:Hurricanes 707:Folkestone 673:Kanalkampf 646:freie Jagd 568:Strausberg 542:Phoney War 496:Jagdgruppe 402:Early life 355:Jagdgruppe 127:Allegiance 57:1913-06-28 8582:Biography 8306:Hans Hahn 7642:Emil Lang 7572:Max Stotz 7045:Heinz Bär 7014:Erich Mix 6041:(2000) . 5096:Weal 2000 5039:Weal 1996 5012:Weal 2000 5000:Weal 1996 4988:Weal 1996 4976:Weal 2000 4952:Weal 2000 4908:Weal 2001 4872:Weal 1999 4860:Weal 2006 4805:Weal 2006 4658:Weal 2006 4610:Weal 1999 4565:Citations 4335:Saint-Pol 4205:Hauptmann 4132:Hauptmann 4121:Hauptmann 4103:Hauptmann 3819:Osnabrück 3674:Spitfire 3634:Lancaster 3600:Spitfire 3585:Spitfire 3569:Spitfire 3556:Dungeness 3549:Spitfire 3529:Spitfire 3514:Spitfire 3494:Spitfire 3479:Spitfire 3460:Spitfire 3442:Spitfire 3422:Spitfire 3390:Spitfire 3375:Spitfire 3019:north of 2860:north of 2616:Spitfire 2599:north of 2514:Spitfire 2480:Spitfire 2463:Spitfire 2431:Spitfire 2413:Spitfire 2397:Spitfire 2378:Spitfire 2362:Spitfire 2344:Spitfire 2328:Spitfire 2310:Spitfire 2293:Spitfire 2275:Spitfire 2259:Spitfire 2241:Spitfire 2225:Spitfire 2170:Spitfire 2118:Spitfire 2081:Spitfire 2066:Spitfire 2049:Spitfire 2032:Spitfire 2015:south of 2012:Spitfire 1997:Spitfire 1949:Spitfire 1931:Spitfire 1893:Amiot 351 1877:Spitfire 1840:Hurricane 1568:Location 1553:Location 1472:longitude 1423:bomber). 1393:Kurt Tank 1376:Aftermath 1267:Paderborn 1237:Kommodore 1227:influenza 1154:Jagdkorps 1110:in Gold ( 1037:Gneisenau 901:Moderówka 879:Friedrich 678:Hauptmann 612:Halsteren 608:P-36 Hawk 572:Szprotawa 420:Luftwaffe 352:with the 332:Luftwaffe 302:Signature 173:(colonel) 160:1933–1944 151:Luftwaffe 121:, Germany 8570:Aviation 6846:ABC-Clio 6611:(1996). 6521:Archives 6111:(2016). 5998:(1977). 5976:(2007). 4221:(Major) 4179:Leutnant 4040:Spanish 4032:Spanish 3638:west of 3534:Boulogne 3425:east of 3311:west of 1966:Curtiss 1856:Blenheim 1814:Spitfire 1468:latitude 1404:Experten 1333:354th FG 1313:St. Vith 1305:474th FG 1275:Ardennes 1239:flying?" 1137:Big Week 1100:Experten 1087:Bretagne 843:"Circus" 818:of III. 756:Defiants 687:C of I./ 650:Staffeln 564:Staffeln 560:Döberitz 526:and the 448:Leutnant 406:Walter " 204:Commands 145:Service/ 89:St. Vith 8556:Portals 7749:100–149 7526:150–199 7391:200–249 7342:250–299 7083:German 6961:unknown 5963:1 March 4337:– 4057:(1939) 4011:09:45? 3996:13:36? 3976:12:20? 3942:12:05? 3924:12:55? 3776:12:00? 3546:13:15? 3499:Béthune 3439:12:50? 3427:Étaples 3214:11:20? 3183:16:40? 2583:Desvres 2576:15:05? 2381:London 2296:London 2167:15:52? 2132:13:55? 2102:Defiant 2098:13:50? 1907:Staffel 1820:Dunkirk 1797:Curtiss 1772:Staffel 1464:minutes 1366:Meldorf 1356:. Only 1337:Damaged 1204:expert' 1169:bombed 1165:of the 966:Ukraine 855:Desvres 683:and 30 622:Dunkirk 502:Staffel 445:, as a 436:Hanover 412:Meldorf 396:"Oesau" 322:during 275:† 211:, III./ 119:Meldorf 46:"Gulle" 8543: 6908: 6883: 6852: 6826: 6798: 6773: 6748: 6723: 6698: 6673: 6648: 6623: 6596: 6573: 6550: 6527: 6502: 6479: 6456: 6433: 6408: 6385: 6362: 6339: 6316: 6293: 6270: 6251: 6232: 6213: 6194: 6144: 6119: 6097: 6074: 6053: 6008: 5984: 5938: 5915: 4244:Oberst 4027:Awards 4019:Verden 3961:13:00 3932:Zwolle 3907:15:00 3885:12:00 3865:13:05 3851:12:20 3837:Minden 3829:12:40 3811:12:00 3795:15:25 3743:B-17* 3740:17:25 3723:14:30 3694:Dieppe 3686:13:53 3671:12:30 3650:12:30 3640:Évreux 3630:17:10 3597:13:08 3582:19:38 3566:15:28 3526:14:35 3511:13:06 3491:17:35 3476:12:54 3457:20:07 3419:15:10 3404:11:43 3387:10:23 3372:14:15 3339:13:55 3325:09:07 3305:17:22 3291:17:15 3275:15:28 3260:13:04 3244:13:44 3230:13:02 3217:DB-3? 3200:13:00 3186:Il-2? 3169:05:57 3153:12:55 3139:17:24 3126:I-153 3123:12:50 3109:17:20 3093:11:44 3079:14:42 3063:15:37 3047:12:00 3031:15:36 3021:Korets 3013:18:24 2997:15:35 2982:18:22 2966:15:35 2948:18:20 2932:15:35 2918:13:30 2902:13:04 2888:09:20 2872:13:00 2862:Ostroh 2853:V-11 ( 2850:18:10 2834:18:00 2820:12:50 2804:17:44 2790:12:45 2773:18:35 2759:06:45 2741:15:55 2727:06:42 2709:12:35 2695:15:15 2679:11:50 2664:I-18 ( 2661:12:08 2640:Gruppe 2613:15:45 2601:Calais 2593:19:25 2555:Gruppe 2460:14:30 2199:Gruppe 2182:18:50 2147:18:37 2115:17:36 2078:17:35 2063:15:04 2046:12:34 2029:14:49 2009:12:32 1994:14:39 1977:13:59 1963:19:27 1946:09:59 1928:14:05 1889:15:41 1874:18:22 1862:Ostend 1852:11:35 1810:18:26 1793:19:27 1556:Claim 1541:Claim 1533: 1517: 1507: 1501: 1487: 1309:9th AF 1252:Göring 1247:Göring 1233:Göring 1020:. 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A 225:JG 1 217:JG 2 209:JG 3 190:JG 2 186:JG 1 178:Unit 165:Rank 78:Died 51:Born 8371:104 8267:112 8223:114 8079:123 7922:133 7898:135 7687:158 7553:192 7539:197 7494:206 7480:206 7456:208 7442:212 7428:220 7404:237 7379:258 7355:275 7330:301 7316:352 7234:(5) 7226:(5) 7218:(5) 7210:(5) 7202:(5) 7194:(6) 7186:(6) 7178:(7) 7170:(7) 7162:(7) 7154:(8) 7146:(9) 7138:(9) 7118:(9) 3761:1 – 3757:of 3704:of 3611:of 3366:96 3353:of 3333:95 3299:94 3285:72 3269:93 3254:71 3238:92 3224:70 3208:91 3194:69 3177:90 3163:68 3147:89 3133:67 3117:88 3103:66 3087:87 3073:65 3041:64 3007:63 2976:62 2942:61 2912:60 2882:59 2844:58 2828:79 2814:57 2798:78 2784:56 2753:55 2721:54 2689:53 2655:52 2646:3 – 2642:of 2607:50 2587:51 2570:49 2561:3 – 2557:of 2521:39 2503:48 2487:38 2469:47 2454:37 2436:46 2420:36 2402:45 2386:35 2367:44 2351:34 2333:43 2317:33 2299:42 2282:32 2264:41 2248:31 2230:40 2214:30 2201:of 2176:29 2161:21 2141:28 2126:20 2109:27 2092:19 2072:26 2040:25 2023:17 2003:24 1988:16 1971:23 1940:22 1922:15 1909:of 1868:11 1846:13 1804:12 1787:10 1774:of 1582:of 1466:of 1292:, 1197:of 1152:I. 1024:of 946:'s 913:V. 822:of 814:as 787:of 765:On 722:of 443:132 8629:: 6900:. 6848:. 6818:. 6640:. 6615:. 6565:. 6186:. 6159:. 6093:. 6022:. 5956:. 5952:. 5907:. 5815:^ 5788:^ 5767:^ 5734:^ 5713:^ 5698:^ 5671:^ 5652:^ 5621:^ 5602:^ 5571:^ 5536:^ 5519:^ 5502:^ 5473:^ 5428:^ 5405:^ 5388:^ 5361:^ 5318:^ 5285:^ 5246:^ 5213:^ 5184:^ 5153:^ 5019:^ 4942:^ 4927:^ 4824:^ 4723:^ 4706:^ 4665:^ 4642:^ 4617:^ 4572:^ 4440:^ 4424:^ 4116:51 3753:– 3700:– 3607:– 3349:– 2857:) 2668:) 2634:– 2549:– 2193:– 1735:5 1717:9 1701:4 1683:8 1667:3 1647:7 1631:2 1613:6 1595:1 1578:– 1307:, 1070:. 1044:. 964:, 833:, 792:54 734:, 730:, 709:. 692:26 532:. 498:88 382:51 367:20 357:88 223:, 219:, 215:, 196:, 192:, 188:, 184:, 91:, 70:, 66:, 8598:: 8558:: 8446:? 8373:) 8369:( 8269:) 8265:( 8225:) 8221:( 8081:) 8077:( 8037:? 7924:) 7920:( 7900:) 7896:( 7866:? 7803:? 7689:) 7685:( 7555:) 7551:( 7541:) 7537:( 7496:) 7492:( 7482:) 7478:( 7458:) 7454:( 7444:) 7440:( 7430:) 7426:( 7406:) 7402:( 7381:) 7377:( 7357:) 7353:( 7332:) 7328:( 7318:) 7314:( 7281:e 7274:t 7267:v 7130:) 7128:9 7126:( 7076:e 7069:t 7062:v 6914:. 6889:. 6858:. 6832:. 6804:. 6779:. 6754:. 6729:. 6704:. 6679:. 6654:. 6629:. 6602:. 6579:. 6556:. 6533:. 6508:. 6485:. 6462:. 6439:. 6414:. 6391:. 6368:. 6345:. 6322:. 6299:. 6276:. 6257:. 6238:. 6219:. 6200:. 6175:. 6150:. 6125:. 6103:. 6080:. 6059:. 6033:. 6014:. 5990:. 5967:. 5944:. 5921:. 5148:. 4937:. 4771:. 4462:. 4435:. 4346:2 4301:. 3844:— 2528:— 2510:— 2494:— 2476:— 2443:— 2427:— 2409:— 2393:— 2374:— 2358:— 2340:— 2324:— 2306:— 2289:— 2271:— 2255:— 2237:— 2221:— 1835:— 1827:— 1742:— 1724:— 1708:— 1690:— 1674:— 1654:— 1638:— 1620:— 1602:— 1303:( 1081:( 1008:. 976:( 930:4 861:( 827:3 777:( 703:2 644:( 516:( 456:2 392:1 339:1 227:. 59:) 55:(

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