American Revolutionary War

3451: 4857: 4415: 5111: 2605: 4634: 3546: 2334: 4296: 6580:"Resolved, 4. That the foundation of English liberty, and of all free government, is a right in the people to participate in their legislative council: ... they are entitled to a free and exclusive power of legislation in their several provincial legislatures, where their right of representation can alone be preserved, in all cases of taxation and internal polity, subject only to the negative of their sovereign, ...: But, ... we cheerfully consent to the operation of such acts of the British parliament, as are bonafide, restrained to the regulation of our external commerce, for the purpose of securing the commercial advantages of the whole empire to the mother country, and the commercial benefits of its respective members; excluding every idea of taxation internal or external, ." quoted from the Declarations and Resolves of the First Continental Congress October 14, 1774. 1980: 3142: 4021: 4957: 5667: 322: 308: 5890: 4276: 704: 5532: 3653: 5412: 104: 5926: 1028: 674: 2621: 5037: 5906: 2954: 1069: 1052: 1040: 972: 935: 923: 911: 899: 887: 875: 858: 839: 814: 351: 851: 832: 807: 344: 329: 3815: 3803: 4798: 1165: 1153: 1141: 1129: 1117: 1105: 1093: 1081: 1021: 482: 641: 4518: 75: 5945: 6812:"British Legion Infantry strength at Cowpens was between 200 and 271 enlisted men". However, this statement is referenced to a note on pp. 175–176, which says, "The British Legion infantry at Cowpens is usually considered to have had about 200–250 men, but returns for the 25 December 1780 muster show only 175. Totals obtained by Cornwallis, dated 15 January, show that the whole legion had 451 men, but approximately 250 were dragoons". There would therefore appear to be no evidence for putting the total strength of the five British Legion light infantry companies at more than 200. 684: 996: 451: 984: 965: 438: 84: 3260: 4734:, which was already a long-time rival of Britain, to offer the Americans the Treaty of Amity and Commerce. The two nations also agreed to a defensive Treaty of Alliance to protect their trade and also guaranteed American independence from Britain. To engage the United States as a French ally militarily, the treaty was conditioned on Britain initiating a war on France to stop it from trading with the U.S. Spain and the Dutch Republic were invited to join by both France and the United States in the treaty, but neither was responsive to the request. 6913:. In the first three years of the Anglo-French War (1778), British list 9,372 soldiers killed in battle across the Americas; and 3,326 in the West Indies (1778–1780). In 1784, a British lieutenant compiled a detailed list of 205 British officers killed in action during British conflicts outside of North America, encompassing Europe, the Caribbean, and the East Indies. Extrapolations based upon this list puts British Army losses in the area of at least 4,000 killed or died of wounds outside of its North American engagements. 5493:

with the American delegation in September 1782. The French and Spanish sought to improve their position by creating the U.S. dependent on them for support against Britain, thus reversing the losses of 1763. Both parties tried to negotiate a settlement with Britain excluding the Americans; France proposed setting the western boundary of the U.S. along the Appalachians, matching the British 1763 Proclamation Line. The Spanish suggested additional concessions in the vital Mississippi River Basin, but required the cession of

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Howe's responsibility is still debated; despite receiving large numbers of reinforcements, Bunker Hill seems to have permanently affected his self-confidence and lack of tactical flexibility meant he often failed to follow up opportunities. Many of his decisions were attributed to supply problems, such as the delay in launching the New York campaign and failure to pursue Washington's beaten army. Having lost the confidence of his subordinates, he was recalled after Burgoyne surrendered at Saratoga.

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and citizenship to any willing to join the Patriot cause. The British launched a counter-campaign claiming deserters could well be executed for meddling in a war that was not theirs. Desertion among the Germans occurred throughout the war, with the highest rate of desertion occurring during the time between the surrender at Yorktown and the Treaty of Paris. German regiments were central to the British war effort; of the estimated 30,000 sent to America, some 13,000 became casualties.

541: 26971: 26935: 4338:, where Cornwallis's forces were less established and arguably easier to defeat. Washington eventually gave way, and Lafayette took a combined Franco-American force into Virginia, but Clinton misinterpreted his movements as preparations for an attack on New York. Concerned by a perceived threat to his positions in New York, he instructed Cornwallis to establish a fortified sea base, where the Royal Navy could evacuate British troops to help defend New York. 95: 26981: 4553:. The development of the Continental Army was always a work in progress and Washington used both his regulars and state militias throughout the war; when properly employed, the combination allowed them to overwhelm smaller British forces, as they did in battles at Concord, Boston, Bennington, and Saratoga. Both sides used partisan warfare, but the state militias effectively suppressed Loyalist activity when British regulars were not in the area. 5374:

to local colonial taxation, and discuss including American representatives in the House of Commons. In return, all property confiscated from Loyalists would be returned, British debts honored, and locally enforced martial law accepted. However, Congress demanded either immediate recognition of independence or the withdrawal of all British troops; they knew the commission were not authorized to accept these, bringing negotiations to a rapid end.

5195: 945: 4842:, replaced in early 1781 by Rodney. He was neither notified nor consulted when Germain approved Cornwallis's invasion of the south in 1781 and delayed sending him reinforcements believing the bulk of Washington's army was still outside New York City. After the surrender at Yorktown, Clinton was relieved by Carleton, whose major task was to oversee the evacuation of Loyalists and British troops from Savannah, Charleston, and New York City. 634: 4489:. Together, these militias denied France's claims to North America west of the Mississippi River in the French and Indian War. The thirteen colonial state legislatures independently funded and controlled their local militias. In the American Revolution, they trained and provided Continental Line regiments to the regular army, each with their own state officer corps. Motivation was also a major asset: each colonial capital had its 20465: 5636:

initiatives. Spanish soft power diplomatically challenged the British territorial cession west to the Mississippi River and the previous northern boundaries of Spanish Florida. It imposed a high tariff on American goods, then blocked American settler access to the port of New Orleans. Spanish hard power extended war alliances and arms to Southwestern natives to resist American settlement. A former Continental Army General,

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September 3, 1783, when Britain signed its treaty with France. John Adams, who helped draft the treaty, claimed it represented "one of the most important political events that ever happened on the globe". Ratified respectively by Congress and Parliament, the final versions were exchanged in Paris the following spring. On November 25, the last British troops remaining in the U.S. were evacuated from New York to Halifax.

3419:; while Washington's domestic opponents contrasted his lack of battlefield success with Gates' victory at Saratoga, foreign observers such as Frederick the Great were equally impressed with Germantown, which demonstrated resilience and determination. Over the winter, poor conditions, supply problems and low morale resulted in 2,000 deaths, with another 3,000 unfit for duty due to lack of shoes. However, Baron 463: 19193:, vol. 314, no. 8 (18–25 April 2022), pp. 32–37. Highlighted are the struggles and tragic fates of America's Indians and Black slaves. For example, "In 1779 Washington dispatched a contingent of soldiers to upstate New York to burn Indian towns and crops and seize hostages 'of every age and sex.' The following year, while serving as governor of Virginia, Jefferson ordered troops under the command of 2493:

supported independence from Britain and a new national union in Congress, while Loyalists remained faithful to British rule. Estimates of numbers vary, one suggestion being the population as a whole was split evenly between committed Patriots, committed Loyalists, and those who were indifferent. Others calculate the split as 40% Patriot, 40% neutral, 20% Loyalist, but with considerable regional variations.

4444:, and Britain, with America serving as one of several different war theaters. After entering the Revolutionary War in 1778, France provided the Americans money, weapons, soldiers, and naval assistance, while French troops fought under U.S. command in North America. While Spain did not formally join the war in America, they provided access to the Mississippi River and captured British possessions on the 5720: 2405:. Within a year, it had an army of over 32,000 men in America, the largest ever sent outside Europe at the time. The employment of German soldiers against people viewed as British citizens was opposed by many in Parliament and by the colonial assemblies; combined with the lack of activity by Gage, opposition to the use of foreign troops allowed the Patriots to take control of the legislatures. 533: 3502:

the struggle on their own, or proclaiming independence, guaranteed by France. Although the Declaration of Independence in July 1776 had wide public support, Adams was among those reluctant to pay the price of an alliance with France, and over 20% of Congressmen voted against it. Congress agreed to the treaty with reluctance and as the war moved in their favor increasingly lost interest in it.

3585:. The terms were confidential since several conflicted with American aims; for example, the French claimed exclusive control of the Newfoundland cod fisheries, a non-negotiable for colonies like Massachusetts. One less well-known impact of this agreement was the abiding American distrust of 'foreign entanglements'; the U.S. would not sign another treaty with France until their 3048:, but he did not attempt to encircle Washington's forces. Through the night of August 28, Knox bombarded the British. Knowing they were up against overwhelming odds, Washington ordered the assembly of a war council on August 29; all agreed to retreat to Manhattan. Washington quickly had his troops assembled and ferried them across the East River to Manhattan on flat-bottomed 4919:

was determined to go to war, it made hopes of reconciliation seem naive and hopeless, while the employment of what was regarded as "foreign mercenaries" became one of the charges levelled against George III in the Declaration of Independence. The Hessian reputation within Germany for brutality also increased support for the Patriot cause among German American immigrants.

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Navy on a war footing for cost reasons; this prevented the institution of an effective blockade and restricted them to ineffectual diplomatic protests. Traditional British policy was to employ European land-based allies to divert the opposition, a role filled by Prussia in the Seven Years' War; in 1778, they were diplomatically isolated and faced war on multiple fronts.

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such as Philadelphia, the seat of Congress, New York, and Charleston. British power was reliant on the Royal Navy, whose dominance allowed them to resupply their own expeditionary forces while preventing access to enemy ports. However, the majority of the American population was agrarian, rather than urban; supported by the French navy and blockade runners based in the

5129:. In November 1775, Lord Dunmore, the royal governor of Virginia, issued a proclamation that promised freedom to any Patriot-owned slaves willing to bear arms. Although the announcement helped to fill a temporary manpower shortage, white Loyalist prejudice meant recruits were eventually redirected to non-combatant roles. The Loyalists' motive was to deprive Patriot 5501:

and Prime Minister Lord Shelburne, in charge of the British negotiations, agreed. Key agreements for the United States in obtaining peace included recognition of United States independence, including recognition that the U.S. would gain all of the area east of the Mississippi River, north of Florida and south of Canada, and the granting of fishing rights in the

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Responsibility for defeat was the subject of fierce public debate between Cornwallis, Clinton, and Germain. Despite criticism from his junior officers, Cornwallis retained the confidence of his peers and later held a series of senior government positions. Clinton ultimately took most of the blame and spent the rest of his life in relative obscurity.

3349:, forcing them back into Saratoga with heavy losses. By October 11, all hope of escape had vanished; persistent rain reduced the camp to a "squalid hell" of mud and starving cattle, supplies were dangerously low and many of the wounded in agony. Burgoyne capitulated on October 17; around 6,222 soldiers, including German forces commanded by General 5616:. The formally acquired western American lands continued to be populated by a dozen or so American Indian tribes that had been British allies for the most part. Though British forts on their lands had been ceded to either the French or the British prior to the creation of the U.S., Natives were not referred to in the British cession to the U.S. 4537:

lacked the training and discipline of more experienced soldiers. Local county militias were reluctant to travel far from home and they were unavailable for extended operations. To compensate for this, the Continental Congress established a regular force known as the Continental Army on June 14, 1775, which proved to be the origin of the modern

5644:, Virginia in 1784, and there he fostered settler secession from Virginia during the conflict with the Spanish-allied Chickamauga Cherokee. Beginning in 1787, he received pay as Spanish Agent 13, and subsequently expanded his efforts to persuade American settlers west of the Appalachian Mountains to secede from the United States, first in the 4993:

territory and counter American offensives. The Loyalist militias in the South were constantly defeated by neighboring Patriot militia. The most critical combat between the two partisan militias was at the Battle of Kings Mountain; the Patriot victory irreversibly impaired any further Loyalist militia capability in the South.

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own against British regulars and their hired Hessians known to all European great powers. Battles such as the Battle of Bennington, the Battles of Saratoga, and even defeats such as the Battle of Germantown, proved decisive in gaining the attention and support of powerful European nations, including France, Spain, and the

5145:, he also ensured fugitive slaves were returned to Loyalist owners with orders that they were not to be punished for their attempted escape. As the war progressed, service as regular soldiers in British units became increasingly common; Black Loyalists formed two regiments of the Charleston garrison in 1783. 5756:. While many were uneasy over the contradiction of demanding liberty for some, yet denying it to others, the dependence of southern states on slave labor made abolition too great a challenge. Between 1774 and 1780, many of the states banned the importation of slaves, but the institution itself continued. 5465:, a Catholic empire like Spain. Since the 1760s, Franklin had been an organizer of British American inter-colony cooperation, and then served as a colonial lobbyist to Parliament in London. John Adams of Massachusetts had been consul to the Dutch Republic and was a prominent early New England Patriot. 5619:

While tribes were not consulted by the British for the treaty, in practice the British refused to abandon the forts on territory they formally transferred. Instead, they provisioned military allies for continuing frontier raids and sponsored the Northwest Indian War (1785–1795), including erecting an

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British strategy was to strengthen the U.S. sufficiently to prevent France from regaining a foothold in North America, and they had little interest in these proposals. However, divisions between their opponents allowed them to negotiate separately with each to improve their overall position, starting

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When Lord Rockingham, the Whig leader and friend of the American cause was elevated to Prime Minister, Congress consolidated its diplomatic consuls in Europe into a peace delegation at Paris. All were experienced in Congressional leadership. The dean of the delegation was Franklin of Pennsylvania. He

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North initially backed the Southern strategy attempting to exploit divisions between the mercantile north and slave-owning south, but after the defeat of Yorktown, he was forced to accept the fact that this policy had failed. It was clear the war was lost, although the Royal Navy forced the French to

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in 1778 and Westminster turned to "hard war" during Clinton's command, neutral colonists in the Carolinas often allied with the Patriots whenever brutal combat broke out between Tories and Whigs. Conversely, Loyalists gained support when Patriots intimidated suspected Tories by destroying property or

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Following the failure of the Carlisle Commission, British policy changed from treating the Patriots as subjects who needed to be reconciled to enemies who had to be defeated. In 1778, Howe was replaced by Sir Henry Clinton, appointed instead of Carleton who was considered overly cautious. Regarded as

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The geographical size of the colonies and limited manpower meant the British could not simultaneously conduct military operations and occupy territory without local support. Debate persists over whether their defeat was inevitable; one British statesman described it as "like trying to conquer a map".

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At the beginning of the Revolutionary War, the Americans had no major international allies, since most nation-states watched and waited to see how developments unfolded in the conflict in British America. Over time, the Continental Army established its military credibility, defeating or holding their

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In the U.S. South, Generals Greene and Wayne loosely invested the withdrawing British at Savannah and Charleston, where they observed the British remove their troops from Charleston on December 14, 1782. Loyalist provincial militias of whites and free blacks and Loyalists with slaves were transported

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Clinton returned to New York, leaving Cornwallis to oversee the south; despite their success, the two men left barely on speaking terms, with dire consequences for the future conduct of the war. The Southern strategy depended on local support, but this was undermined by a series of coercive measures.

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on June 28 was inconclusive but boosted Patriot morale. Washington had rallied Charles Lee's broken regiments, the Continentals repulsed British bayonet charges, the British rear guard lost perhaps 50 per-cent more casualties, and the Americans held the field at the end of the day. That midnight, the

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The British government failed to take into account the strength of the American merchant marine and support from European countries, which allowed the colonies to import munitions and continue trading with relative impunity. While well aware of this, the North administration delayed placing the Royal

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The outlook following the defeat at Fort Washington appeared bleak for the American cause. The reduced Continental Army had dwindled to fewer than 5,000 men and was reduced further when enlistments expired at the end of the year. Popular support wavered, and morale declined. On December 20, 1776, the

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in the colonial legislatures gradually wrested power from their governors. Dominated by smaller landowners and merchants, these assemblies now established ad-hoc provincial legislatures, variously called congresses, conventions, and conferences, effectively replacing royal control. With the exception

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Beyond the 2112 deaths recorded by the French Government fighting for U.S. independence, additional men died fighting Britain in a war waged by France, Spain, and the Dutch Republic from 1778 to 1784, "overseas" from the American Revolution as posited by a British scholar in his "War of the American

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Prior to the conflict, the colonies were largely autonomous economic and political entities, with no centralized area of ultimate strategic importance. This meant that, unlike Europe where the fall of a capital city often ended wars, that in America continued even after the loss of major settlements

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regiment fending off a British bayonet attack and then counter charging the British for the first time as part of Washington's army. After the Battle of Monmouth, Washington came to realize that saving entire towns was not necessary, but preserving his army and keeping the revolutionary spirit alive

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shipping. The thirteen colonies were spread across most of North American Atlantic seaboard, stretching 1,000 miles. Most colonial farms were remote from the seaports, and control of four or five major ports did not give Britain control over American inland areas. Each state had established internal

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meant their coordination was planned more carefully. Despite repeated urging from his subordinates, Cornwallis made no attempt to engage Lafayette before he could establish siege lines. Expecting to be withdrawn within a few days, he also abandoned the outer defenses, which were promptly occupied by

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in the Seven Years' War as a reason to believe in ultimate victory over France. Britain could not find a powerful ally among the Great Powers to engage France on the European continent. Britain subsequently changed its focus into the Caribbean theater, and diverted major military resources away from

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Many Americans opposed a French alliance, fearing to "exchange one tyranny for another", but this changed after a series of military setbacks in early 1776. As France had nothing to gain from the colonies reconciling with Britain, Congress had three choices; making peace on British terms, continuing

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to Howe. Strategic deficiencies among Patriot forces were evident: Washington divided a numerically weaker army in the face of a stronger one, his inexperienced staff misread the military situation, and American troops fled in the face of enemy fire. The successes led to predictions that the British

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on July 9. At this point, the revolution ceased to be an internal dispute over trade and tax policies and had evolved into a civil war, since each state represented in Congress was engaged in a struggle with Britain, but also split between American Patriots and American Loyalists. Patriots generally

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insisted Congress recognize Parliament's right to regulate colonial trade. Expecting concessions by the North administration, Congress authorized the extralegal committees and conventions of the colonial legislatures to enforce the boycott; this succeeded in reducing British imports by 97% from 1774

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The ideological approach that centers on republicanism in the United States. Republicanism dictated there would be no royalty, aristocracy or national church but allowed for continuation of the British common law, which American lawyers and jurists understood and approved and used in their everyday

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and political system. Political power was not controlled by an aristocracy or nobility in the 13 colonies; instead, the colonial political system was based on the winners of free elections, which were open at the time to the majority of white men. In analysis of the Revolution, historians in recent

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As directed by a Congressional resolution of May 26, 1783, all non-commissioned officers and enlisted were furloughed "to their homes" until the "definitive treaty of peace", when they would be automatically discharged. The U.S. armies were directly disbanded in the field as of Washington's General

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On April 9, 1783, Washington issued orders that he had long waited to give, that "all acts of hostility" were to cease immediately. That same day, by arrangement with Washington, Carleton issued a similar order to British troops. British troops, however, were not to evacuate until a prisoner of war

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Facing difficulties with Spain over claims involving the Mississippi River, and from France who was still reluctant to agree to American independence until all her demands were met, John Jay promptly told the British that he was willing to negotiate directly with them, cutting off France and Spain,

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When the commissioners returned to London in November 1778, they recommended a change in policy. Sir Henry Clinton, the new British Commander-in-Chief in America, was ordered to stop treating the rebels as enemies, rather than subjects whose loyalty might be regained. Those standing orders would be

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British negotiators now proposed a second peace settlement to Congress. The terms presented by the Carlisle Peace Commission included acceptance of the principle of self-government. Parliament would recognize Congress as the governing body, suspend any objectionable legislation, surrender its right

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from 1771 to 1782. Defeat at Saratoga in 1777 made it clear the revolt would not be easily suppressed, especially after the Franco-American alliance of February 1778, and French declaration of war in June. With Spain also expected to join the conflict, the Royal Navy needed to prioritize either the

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formed in February included former slaves whose owners were compensated; however, only 140 of its 225 soldiers were black and recruitment stopped in June 1788. Ultimately, around 5,000 African Americans served in the Continental Army and Navy in a variety of roles, while another 4,000 were employed

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Women also assumed military roles: aside from military tasks like treating the wounded or setting up camp, some dressed as men to directly support combat, fight, or act as spies on both sides of the Revolutionary War. Anna Maria Lane joined her husband in the Army and wore men's clothes by the time

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Wealthy Loyalists convinced the British government that most of the colonists were sympathetic toward the Crown; consequently, British military planners relied on recruiting Loyalists, but had trouble recruiting sufficient numbers as the Patriots had widespread support. Nevertheless, they continued

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meant both sides felt the German soldiers might be persuaded to desert; one reason Clinton suggested employing Russians was that he felt they were less likely to defect. When the first German troops arrived on Staten Island in August 1776, Congress approved the printing of handbills, promising land

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The prospect of foreign German soldiers being used in the colonies bolstered support for independence, more so than taxation and other acts combined; the King was accused of declaring war on his own subjects, leading to the idea there were now two separate governments. By apparently showing Britain

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The first supply agreements were signed by the North administration in late 1775; over the next decade, more than 40,000 Germans fought in North America, Gibraltar, South Africa and India, of whom 30,000 served in the American War. Often generically referred to as "Hessians", they included men from

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Over the course of the war, there were four separate British commanders-in-chief. The first was Thomas Gage, appointed in 1763, whose initial focus was establishing British rule in former French areas of Canada. Rightly or wrongly, many in London blamed the revolt on his failure to take firm action

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The British military had considerable experience of fighting in North America, most recently during the Seven Years' War which forced France to give up New France in 1763. However, in previous conflicts they benefited from local logistics, as well as support from the colonial militia, which was not

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By prevailing European standards, the armies in America were relatively small, limited by lack of supplies and logistics. The British were constrained by the logistical difficulty of transporting troops across the Atlantic and their dependence on local supplies. Throughout the war, Washington never

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rather than risk frontal assaults against Britain's professional soldiers and officers. Over the course of the entire war, Washington lost more battles than he won, but he never surrendered his troops and maintained a fighting force in the face of British field armies and never gave up fighting for

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drill and infantry tactics to the entire Continental Army; he did this by training "model companies" in each regiment, who then instructed their home units. Despite Valley Forge being only twenty miles away, Howe made no effort to attack their camp, an action some critics argue could have ended the

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A cease-fire in North America was proclaimed by Congress on April 11, 1783, under a cease-fire agreement between Great Britain and France on January 20, 1783. The final peace treaty was signed on September 3, 1783, and ratified on January 14, 1784, in the U.S., with final ratification exchanged in

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Washington expressed astonishment that the Americans had won a war against a leading world power, referring to the American victory as "little short of a standing miracle". The conflict between British subjects with the Crown against those with the Congress had lasted over eight years from 1775 to

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The 1775 campaign showed the British overestimated the capabilities of their own troops and underestimated the colonial militia, requiring a reassessment of tactics and strategy. However, it allowed the Patriots to take the initiative and British authorities rapidly lost control over every colony.

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Although the Continental Congress was responsible for the war effort and provided supplies to the troops, Washington took it upon himself to pressure Congress and the state legislatures to provide the essentials of war; there was never nearly enough. Congress evolved in its committee oversight and

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was only about 19,000. At the beginning of 1776, Patriot forces consisted of 20,000 men with two-thirds of them in the Continental Army and the other third in the various state militias. About 250,000 American men served as regulars or as militia for the revolutionary cause over eight years during

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Washington designed the overall military strategy of the Revolutionary War in cooperation with Congress, established the principle of civilian supremacy in military affairs, personally recruited his senior officer corps, and kept the states focused on a common goal. For the first three years until

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Each state legislature appointed officers for both county and state militias and their regimental Continental line officers; although Washington was required to accept Congressional appointments, he was still permitted to choose and command his own generals, such as Greene; his chief of artillery,

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Subsequent to Yorktown, American forces were assigned to supervise the armistice between Washington and Clinton made to facilitate British departure following the January 1782 law of Parliament forbidding any further British offensive action in North America. British-American negotiations in Paris

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The Southern Strategy was developed by Lord Germain, based on input from London-based Loyalists, including Joseph Galloway. They argued that it made no sense to fight the Patriots in the north where they were strongest, while the New England economy was reliant on trade with Britain, regardless of

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Backed by the Whigs, Parliament initially rejected the imposition of coercive measures by 170 votes, fearing an aggressive policy would simply drive the Americans towards independence. However, by the end of 1774 the collapse of British authority meant both Lord North and George III were convinced

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The vast exchange of territory ultimately destabilized existing alliances and trade networks between settlers and Indians in the west, while it proved impossible to prevent encroachment beyond the Proclamation Line. With the exception of Virginia and others deprived of rights to western lands, the

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petitioned Congress to abolish slavery; the number of abolitionist movements greatly increased, and by 1804 all the northern states had outlawed it. However, even many like Adams who viewed slavery as a 'foul contagion' opposed the 1790 petition as a threat to the Union. In 1808, Jefferson passed

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Most Native Americans east of the Mississippi River were affected by the war, and many tribes were divided over how to respond to the conflict. A few tribes were friendly with the colonists, but most Natives opposed the union of the Colonies as a potential threat to their territory. Approximately

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As a Patriot victory became increasingly likely, the treatment of Black Loyalists became a point of contention; after the surrender of Yorktown in 1781, Washington insisted all escapees be returned but Cornwallis refused. In 1782 and 1783, around 8,000 to 10,000 freed blacks were evacuated by the

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When the early war policy was administered by Howe, the Crown's need to maintain Loyalist support prevented it from using the traditional revolt suppression methods. The British cause suffered when their troops ransacked local homes during an aborted attack on Charleston in 1779 that enraged both

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refused to provide passage through his territories for troops hired for the American war. In March 1776, the agreements were challenged in Parliament by Whigs who objected to "coercion" in general, and the use of foreign soldiers to subdue "British subjects". The debates were covered in detail by

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Congress primarily commissioned privateers to reduce costs and to take advantage of the large proportion of colonial sailors found in the British Empire. In total, they included 1,700 ships that successfully captured 2,283 enemy ships to damage the British effort and to enrich themselves with the

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failed due to bad weather. Under heavy bombardment with dwindling supplies, Cornwallis felt his situation was hopeless and on October 16 sent emissaries to General Washington to negotiate their surrender; after twelve hours of negotiations, the terms of surrender were finalized the following day.

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viewed the offer as insincere; he refused to present the petition to the king, which was therefore rejected in early September. Although constitutionally correct, since George could not oppose his own government, it disappointed those Americans who hoped he would mediate in the dispute, while the

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sided with the Americans. To retaliate against raids on American settlement by Loyalists and their Indian allies, the Continental Army dispatched the Sullivan Expedition on a punitive expedition throughout New York to debilitate the Iroquois tribes that had sided with the British. Mohawk leaders

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In addition to as many as 30% deaths in port cities, and especially high rates among the closely confined prisoner-of-war ships, scholars have reported large numbers lost among the Mexican population, and large percentage losses among the American Indian along trade routes, Atlantic to Pacific,

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Although the Revolution eliminated many forms of inequality, it did little to change the status of women, despite the role they played in winning independence. Most significantly, it failed to end slavery which continued to be a serious social and political issue and caused divisions that would

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Estimates of the numbers who served the British during the war vary from 25,000 to 50,000, excluding those who escaped during wartime. Thomas Jefferson estimated that Virginia may have lost 30,000 slaves in total escapes. In South Carolina, nearly 25,000 slaves (about 30 percent of the enslaved

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When the Revolutionary War began, the Second Continental Congress lacked a professional army or navy, but each colony maintained local militias. Militiamen were lightly armed, had little training, and usually did not have uniforms. Their units served for only a few weeks or months at a time and

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issued by Clinton extended the offer of freedom to Patriot-owned slaves throughout the colonies. It persuaded entire families to escape to British lines, many of which were employed on farms to grow food for the army by removing the requirement for military service. While Clinton organized the

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When the British began probing the backcountry in 1777–1778, they were faced with a major problem: any significant level of organized Loyalist activity required a continued presence of British regulars. The available manpower that the British had in America was insufficient to protect Loyalist

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The expulsion of France from North America in 1763 led to a drastic reduction in British troop levels in the colonies; in 1775, there were only 8,500 regular soldiers among a civilian population of 2.8 million. The bulk of military resources in the Americas were focused on defending sugar

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suggests the odds always favored the Americans, especially after Howe squandered the chance of a decisive British success in 1776, an "opportunity that would never come again". The US military history speculates the additional commitment of 10,000 fresh troops in 1780 would have placed British

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on the Hudson River about sixty miles north of New York City, and there the substance of the Continental Army was furloughed home with officers at half pay until the Treaty of Paris formally ended the war on September 3, 1783. At that time, Congress decommissioned the regiments of Washington's

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was formed for "the sole purpose of corresponding with our friends in Great Britain and other parts of the world". From 1775 to 1776, the committee shared information and built alliances through secret correspondence, as well as employing secret agents in Europe to gather intelligence, conduct

6636:

The mandate came by way of Benjamin Rush, chair of the Medical Committee. Congress had directed that all troops who had not previously survived smallpox infection be inoculated. In explaining himself to state governors, Washington lamented that he had lost "an army" to smallpox in 1776 by the

4459:

Although the Dutch Republic was no longer a major power prior to 1774, they still dominated the European carrying trade, and Dutch merchants made large profits by shipping French-supplied munitions to the Patriots. This ended when Britain declared war in December 1780, and the conflict proved

2913:

and the civilian inhabitants of the area that their lives and property would not be in any danger if they offered no resistance, to which they complied. Hopkins captured large stores of powder and other munitions that was so great he had to impress an extra ship in the harbor to transport the

6700:

In Nova Scotia, a province that had been a Massachusetts county in the 1600s, British settlement of freed black Loyalists from the American Revolutionary War secured its Canadian claim there. Britain continued its last "Bourbon War" with the French and Spanish primarily amidst their mutually

5516:

An Anglo-American Preliminary Peace was formally entered into in November 1782, and Congress endorsed the settlement on April 15, 1783. It announced the achievement of peace with independence, and the conclusive treaty was signed on September 2, 1783, in Paris, effective the following day on

3517:

on its own exceeded that of all American exports combined. Talks progressed slowly until October 1777, when British defeat at Saratoga and their apparent willingness to negotiate peace convinced Vergennes only a permanent alliance could prevent the "disaster" of Anglo-American rapprochement.

3478:

considered the 1763 Peace a national humiliation and viewed the war as an opportunity to weaken Britain. He initially avoided open conflict, but allowed American ships to take on cargoes in French ports, a technical violation of neutrality. Although public opinion favored the American cause,

5635:

Of the European powers with American colonies adjacent to the newly created U.S., Spain was most threatened by American independence, and it was correspondingly the most hostile to it. Its territory adjacent to the U.S. was relatively undefended, so Spanish policy developed a combination of

4432:

identifies three separate types of warfare during the Revolutionary War. The first was a colonial conflict in which objections to imperial trade regulation were as significant as taxation policy. The second was a civil war with all Thirteen Colonies split between American Patriots, American

5743:

The American Revolution established the United States with its numerous civil liberties and set an example to overthrow both monarchy and colonial governments. The United States has the world's oldest written constitution, and the constitutions of other free countries often bear a striking

5382:

relocate their fleet to the Caribbean in November 1781 and resumed a close blockade of American trade. The resulting economic damage and rising inflation meant the US was now eager to end the war, while France was unable to provide further loans; Congress could no longer pay its soldiers.

6498:, reinforced by infantry from regiments of Jose de Ezpeleta from Havana. In the assault on Pensacola, the Spanish Army contingents from Havana exceeded 9,000. For the final days of the siege at Pensacola siege, Admiral Jose Solano's fleet landed 1,600 crack infantry veterans from that of 4237:

to secure West Florida, including British-held Mobile and Pensacola. The Spanish operations impaired the British supply of armaments to British Indian allies, which effectively suspended a military alliance to attack settlers between the Mississippi River and the Appalachian Mountains.

4122:

When Spain joined France's war against Britain in the Anglo-French War in 1779, their treaty specifically excluded Spanish military action in North America. Later that year, however, Gálvez initiated offensive operations against British outposts. First, he cleared British garrisons in

3633:

Vergennes's colleague stated, "For her honour, France had to seize this opportunity to rise from her degradation ... If she neglected it, if fear overcame duty, she would add debasement to humiliation, and become an object of contempt to her own century and to all future peoples".

3890:

In June 1779, Prévost launched an abortive assault on Charleston, before retreating to Savannah, an operation notorious for widespread looting by British troops that enraged both Loyalists and Patriots. In October, a joint French and American operation under d'Estaing and General

4756:

available in the American Revolutionary War. Reinforcements had to come from Europe, and maintaining large armies over such distances was extremely complex; ships could take three months to cross the Atlantic, and orders from London were often outdated by the time they arrived.

3742:, leaving the Iroquois destitute and destroying the Iroquois confederacy as an independent power on the American frontier. However, the military expedition did not result in peace. 5,000 Iroquois fled to Canada. Supplied and supported by the British, they continued their raids. 3878:

on December 29, 1778. He recruited a Loyalist militia of nearly 1,100, many of whom allegedly joined only after Campbell threatened to confiscate their property. Poor motivation and training made them unreliable troops, as demonstrated in their defeat by Patriot militia at the

5600:

alone. It included millions of sparsely settled acres south of the Great Lakes line between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River, much of which was part of Canada. The tentative colonial migration west became a flood during the years of the Revolutionary War.

4002:, leaving the British in Georgia confined to Charleston and Savannah. The assumption Loyalists would do most of the fighting left the British short of troops and battlefield victories came at the cost of losses they could not replace. Despite halting Greene's advance at the 5710:

A British report in 1781 puts their total Army deaths at 6,046 in North America (1775–1779). Approximately 7,774 Germans died in British service in addition to 4,888 deserters; among those labeled German deserters, however, it is estimated that 1,800 were killed in combat.

6570:

Clodfelter reports that the total deaths among the British and their allies numbered 15,000 killed in battle or died of wounds. These included estimates of 3000 Germans, 3000 Loyalists and Canadians, 3000 lost at sea, and 500 Native Americans killed in battle or died of

4827:. His replacement was Sir William Howe, a member of the Whig faction in Parliament who opposed the policy of coercion advocated by Lord North; Cornwallis, who later surrendered at Yorktown, was one of many senior officers who initially refused to serve in North America. 5489:, who had negotiated Laurens' release from the Tower of London. The Preliminary Peace signed on November 30 met four key Congressional demands: independence, territory up to the Mississippi, navigation rights into the Gulf of Mexico, and fishing rights in Newfoundland. 3667:

At the end of 1777, Howe resigned and was replaced by Sir Henry Clinton on May 24, 1778; with French entry into the war, he was ordered to consolidate his forces in New York. On June 18, the British departed Philadelphia with the reinvigorated Americans in pursuit; the

3839:

who governed it. On the other hand, duties on tobacco made the South far more profitable for Britain, while local support meant securing it required small numbers of regular troops. Victory would leave a truncated United States facing British possessions in the south,

2174:, which came to power in January 1770 and remained in office until 1781. North insisted on retaining duty on tea to enshrine Parliament's right to tax the colonies; the amount was minor, but ignored the fact it was that very principle Americans found objectionable. 3301:, leaving Howe to decide whether to join them. Reasonable in principle, this did not account for the logistical difficulties involved and Burgoyne erroneously assumed Howe would remain on the defensive; Germain's failure to make this clear meant he opted to attack 5071:

the Battle of Germantown happened. The Virginia General Assembly later cited her bravery: she fought while dressed as a man and "performed extraordinary military services, and received a severe wound at the battle of Germantown ... with the courage of a soldier".

3407:

failed; a second attack captured Fort Mifflin on November 16, while Fort Mercer was abandoned two days later when Cornwallis breached the walls. His supply lines secured, Howe tried to tempt Washington into giving battle, but after inconclusive skirmishing at the

5160:

in Patriot militia units, aboard privateers, or as teamsters, servants, and spies. After the war, a small minority received land grants or Congressional pensions in old age; many others were returned to their masters post-war despite earlier promises of freedom.

6676:

sought to avoid fighting with either Virginian Clark or Frenchman La Balme. On La Balme's horseback advance on Detroit, he paused two weeks to ruin a local French trader and loot surrounding Miami towns. La Balme might have treated them as allies, but he pushed

2109:

were funded locally but with the ending of the French threat in 1763, the legislatures expected less taxation, not more. At the same time, the huge debt incurred by the Seven Years' War and demands from British taxpayers for cuts in government expenditure meant

4433:

Loyalists, and those who preferred to remain neutral in the revolution and war. Particularly in the south, many battles were fought between Patriots and Loyalists with no British involvement, leading to divisions that continued after independence was achieved.

1915:, which accepted American independence and began negotiating the Treaty of Paris, ratified on September 3, 1783. Great Britain acknowledged the sovereignty and independence of the United States of America, bringing the American Revolutionary War to an end. The 3589:

agreement of 1949. This was because the US had agreed not to make peace without France, while Aranjuez committed France to keep fighting until Spain recovered Gibraltar, effectively making it a condition of U.S. independence without the knowledge of Congress.

4915:

American newspapers, which reprinted key speeches and in May 1776 they received copies of the treaties themselves. Provided by British sympathizers, these were smuggled into North America from London by George Merchant, a recently released American prisoner.

4980:

Approximately 25,000 Loyalists fought for the British throughout the war. Although Loyalists constituted about twenty percent of the colonial population, they were concentrated in distinct communities. Many of them lived among large plantation owners in the

6690:

Governor Bernardo de Gálvez is only one of eight men made honorary US citizens for his service in the American Cause. see Bridget Bowman (29 December 2014). "Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid's Very Good Year". Roll Call. The Economist Group. Retrieved April 25,

4835:

an expert on tactics and strategy, like his predecessors Clinton was handicapped by chronic supply issues. As a result, he was largely inactive in 1779 and much of 1780; in October 1780, he warned Germain of "fatal consequences" if matters did not improve.

4650:

During the first summer of the war, Washington began outfitting schooners and other small seagoing vessels to prey on ships supplying the British in Boston. The Second Continental Congress established the Continental Navy on October 13, 1775, and appointed

3316:

retreated, his troops blocked roads, destroyed bridges, dammed streams, and stripped the area of food. This slowed Burgoyne's progress and forced him to send out large foraging expeditions; on one of these, more than 700 British troops were captured at the

3210:, to assume no attack of any consequence would occur. At daybreak on the 26th, the American Patriots surprised and overwhelmed Rall and his troops, who lost over 20 killed including Rall, while 900 prisoners, German cannons and much supply were captured. 5469:

of New York had been consul to Spain and was a past president of the Continental Congress. As consul to the Dutch Republic, Henry Laurens of South Carolina had secured a preliminary agreement for a trade agreement. He had been a successor to John Jay as

3902:

Reinforced by Clinton, Cornwallis's troops captured Charleston in May 1780, inflicting the most serious Patriot defeat of the war; over 5,000 prisoners were taken and the Continental Army in the south effectively destroyed. On May 29, Lieutenant-Colonel

4464:, Sweden, and Denmark in March 1780 that protected neutral ships from being stopped and searched for contraband by Britain and France. While of limited effect, these interventions forced the British to divert men and resources away from North America. 5017:

and 200 infantry supported by batteries of flying artillery. It was commanded by Tarleton and gained a fearsome reputation in the colonies for "brutality and needless slaughter".In May 1779 the British Legion was one of five regiments that formed the

5259:'s raids into South Carolina and assisted Britain during the siege of Savannah. Many Native Americans were involved in the fight between Britain and Spain on the Gulf Coast and along the British side of the Mississippi River. Thousands of Muscogee, 4879:, including Britain. During the Seven Years' War, foreign soldiers comprised 10% of the British army and their use caused little debate. When it became clear additional troops were needed to suppress the revolt in America, it was decided to employ 2082:

agreed on the boundaries but disagreed on where to set them. Many settlers resented the restrictions entirely, and enforcement required permanent garrisons along the frontier, which led to increasingly bitter disputes over who should pay for them.

4883:. There were several reasons for this, including public sympathy for the Patriot cause, an historical reluctance to expand the British army and the time needed to recruit and train new regiments. An alternate source was readily available in the 4693:

in a 45-minute duel while escorting Spanish gold from Havana to the Congress in Philadelphia. After Yorktown, all US Navy ships were sold or given away; it was the first time in America's history that it had no fighting forces on the high seas.

4229:

attacked the encamped settlers on November 5. The war in the west stalemated with the British garrison sitting in Detroit and the Virginians expanding westward settlements north of the Ohio River in the face of British-allied Indian resistance.

5318:

In the western theater of the American Revolutionary War, conflicts between settlers and Native Americans led to lingering distrust. In the 1783 Treaty of Paris, Great Britain ceded control of the disputed lands between the Great Lakes and the

3025:. The efforts of Washington and the Culper Spy Ring substantially increased the effective allocation and deployment of Continental regiments in the field. Throughout the war, Washington spent more than 10 percent of his total military funds on 20455: 4818:

alone generated more revenue than all thirteen American colonies combined. With the end of the Seven Years' War, the permanent army in Britain was also cut back, which resulted in administrative difficulties when the war began a decade later.

2793:

for their support, while US envoys urged them to remain neutral. Aware of Native American leanings toward the British and fearing an Anglo-Indian attack from Canada, Congress authorized a second invasion in April 1775. After the defeat at the

6855:, and they also challenged Jesuit dominance in the Catholic Church there. American ship captains were known to have smuggled banned copies of the Declaration of Independence into Spanish Caribbean ports, provoking Spanish colonial discontent. 2997:

on July 2. The Americans rejected Howe's informal attempt to negotiate peace on July 30; Washington knew that an attack on the city was imminent and realized that he needed advance information to deal with disciplined British regular troops.

3609:

to refuse. Although the Republic was no longer a major power, prior to 1774 they still dominated the European carrying trade, and Dutch merchants made large profits shipping French-supplied munitions to the Patriots. This ended when Britain

3529:. In return for French guarantees of American independence, Congress undertook to defend their interests in the West Indies, while both sides agreed not to make a separate peace; conflict over these provisions would lead to the 1798 to 1800 2213:. Since most American tea was smuggled by the Dutch, the act was opposed by those who managed the illegal trade, while being seen as yet another attempt to impose the principle of taxation by Parliament. In December 1773, a group called the 4402:

Continental Army and began issuing land grants to veterans in the Northwest Territory for their war service. The last British occupation of New York City ended on November 25, 1783, with the departure of Clinton's replacement, General Sir

2715:, a frontal assault in which they suffered over 1,000 casualties. Dismayed at the costly attack which had gained them little, Gage appealed to London for a larger army to suppress the revolt, but instead was replaced as commander by Howe. 6550:

Contains a detailed listing of American, French, British, German, and Loyalist regiments; indicates when they were raised, the main battles, and what happened to them. Also includes the main warships on both sides, and all the important

3286:, proposing a limited offensive against Philadelphia, while a second force moved down the Hudson from Canada. Germain received this on February 23, 1777, followed a few days later by a memorandum from Burgoyne, then in London on leave. 6359:

The British hired over 30,000 professional soldiers from various German states who served in North America from 1775 to 1782. Commentators and historians often refer to them as mercenaries or auxiliaries, terms that are sometimes used

3938:

on August 16, leaving Cornwallis free to enter North Carolina. Despite battlefield success, the British could not control the countryside and Patriot attacks continued; before moving north, Cornwallis sent Loyalist militia under Major

5780:

The body of historical writings on the American Revolution cite many motivations for the Patriot revolt that ultimately led to the nation's independence and establishment. American Patriots stressed the denial of their constitutional

3537:

was invited to join on the same terms but refused, largely due to concerns over the impact of the Revolution on Spanish colonies in the Americas. Spain had complained on multiple occasions about encroachment by American settlers into

5827:. Historians since the 1960s have emphasized that the Patriot constitutional argument was made possible by the emergence of a sense of American nationalism that united the Thirteen Colonies. In turn, that nationalism was rooted in a 4476:

evolved into a protracted war. Their thirteen colonial state populations were largely prosperous and depended on local production for food and supplies rather than on imports from Britain, which took six to twelve weeks to arrive by

5632:, authored by Hamilton, went into effect on February 29, 1796. At the same time, the Spanish also sponsored war within the U.S. by Indian proxies in its Southwest Territory ceded by France to Britain, then Britain to the Americans. 4418:

A map of principal campaigns in the American Revolutionary War with British movements in red and American movements in blue; the timeline shows the British won most battles in the war's first half, but Americans won the most in the

6646:

Bird's expedition numbered 150 British soldiers, several hundred Loyalists, and 700 Shawnee, Wyandot, and Ottawa auxiliaries. The force skirted into the eastern regions of Patriot-conquered western Quebec that had been annexed as

6850:

There had been native-born Spanish (hidalgo) uprisings in several American colonies during the American Revolution, contesting mercantilist reforms of Carlos III that had removed privileges inherited from the Conquistadors among

4741:. Washington worked closely with the soldiers and navy that France would send to America, primarily through Lafayette on his staff. French assistance made critical contributions required to defeat Cornwallis at Yorktown in 1781. 14927:

George III, his Britannic Majesty; Commissioners of the United States of America. "Preliminary Articles of Peace" (30 November 1782). 18th Century; British-American Diplomacy. Yale Law School Avalon Project. Retrieved 6 October

3915:

Previously, captured Patriots were sent home after swearing not to take up arms against the king; they were now required to fight their former comrades, while the confiscation of Patriot-owned plantations led formerly neutral "

4557:

after fall of Philadelphia and the six-month encampment at Valley Forge, the Continental Army was largely supplemented by local state militias. Washington initially employed the inexperienced officers and untrained troops in

4541:, and appointed Washington as its commander-in-chief. However, it suffered significantly from the lack of an effective training program and from largely inexperienced officers and sergeants, offset by a few senior officers. 3899:. Prévost was replaced by Lord Cornwallis, who assumed responsibility for Germain's strategy; he soon realized estimates of Loyalist support were considerably over-stated, and he needed far larger numbers of regular forces. 3970:

led by Benedict Arnold in January 1781. Greene led Cornwallis on a series of countermarches around North Carolina; by early March, the British were exhausted and short of supplies and Greene felt strong enough to fight the

6781:

King George III feared that the war's prospects would make it unlikely he could reclaim the North American colonies. During the later years of the Revolution, the British were drawn into numerous other conflicts about the

3063:, but it failed to conclude peace, largely because the British delegates only had the authority to offer pardons and could not recognize independence. On September 15, Howe seized control of New York City when the British 2472:

Identifying inhabitants of the Thirteen Colonies as "one people", the declaration simultaneously dissolved political links with Britain, while including a long list of alleged violations of "English rights" committed by

2315:. The increase in tension led to a scramble for control of militia stores, which each assembly was legally obliged to maintain for defense. On April 19, a British attempt to secure the Concord arsenal culminated in the 4582:'s military training. Immediately after the Continental Army emerged from Valley Forge in June 1778, it proved its ability to match the military capabilities of the British at the Battle of Monmouth, including a black 3593:

To encourage French participation in the struggle for independence, the U.S. representative in Paris, Silas Deane promised promotion and command positions to any French officer who joined the Continental Army. Such as

4599:, appointing Major General Benjamin Lincoln to the position in February 1781. Washington worked closely with Lincoln to coordinate civilian and military authorities and took charge of training and supplying the army. 3213:

The Battle of Trenton restored the American army's morale, reinvigorated the Patriot cause, and dispelled their fear of what they regarded as Hessian "mercenaries". A British attempt to retake Trenton was repulsed at

2742:. Under cover of darkness, on March 5, Washington placed these on Dorchester Heights, from where they could fire on the town and British ships in Boston Harbor. Fearing another Bunker Hill, Howe evacuated the city on 4655:

as its first commander; for most of the war, the Continental Navy included only a handful of small frigates and sloops, supported by numerous privateers. On November 10, 1775, Congress authorized the creation of the

4427:

empire, the British had to defeat the Continental Army in the early months, and compel the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia to dissolve and retract its claim to self-governance. Historian Terry M. Mays of

1882:

campaign against the Iroquois who were largely allied with the British. Indian raids on the American frontier, however, continued to be a problem. Also, in 1779, Spain allied with France against Great Britain in the

22927: 1906:

in September and October 1781. Cornwallis was forced to surrender in October. The British wars with France and Spain continued for another two years, but fighting largely ceased in North America. In April 1782, the

5859:

practice. Historians have examined how the rising American legal profession adopted British common law to incorporate republicanism by selective revision of legal customs and by introducing more choices for courts.

6663:. At the surrender of Ruddles Station, safe passage to families was promised, but 200 were massacred by Indian raiders. Grenier maintains that "The slaughter the Indians and rangers perpetrated was unprecedented". 6791:

The final elements for US victory over Britain and US independence was assured by direct military intervention from France, as well as ongoing French supply and commercial trade over the final three years of the

4493:, and the Patriots enjoyed more popular support than the Loyalists. Britain hoped that the Loyalists would do much of the fighting, but found that the Loyalists did not engage as significantly as they had hoped. 3329:

on August 6, he was abandoned by his Indian allies and withdrew to Quebec on August 22. Now isolated and outnumbered by Gates, Burgoyne continued onto Albany rather than retreating to Fort Ticonderoga, reaching

4578:(1781) were won by trapping the British far from base with a greater number of troops. After 1778, however, Washington's army was transformed into a more disciplined and effective force, mostly as a product of 3086:

on November 16. The British victory there amounted to Washington's most disastrous defeat with the loss of 3,000 prisoners. The remaining American regiments on Long Island fell back four days later. General

20453: 18146: 6681:

into warrior leadership, converting most Miami tribes into British military allies, and launching the military career of one of the most successful opponents of westward settlement over the next 30 years.

2668:, who were considered the principal instigators of the rebellion. The operation was to begin around midnight on April 19, in the hope of completing it before the American Patriots could respond. However, 130: 5848:

view places the American story in a broader context, including subsequent revolutions in France and Haiti. It tends to reintegrate the historiographies of the American Revolution and the British Empire.

22871: 3289:

Burgoyne supplied several alternatives, all of which gave him responsibility for the offensive, with Howe remaining on the defensive. The option selected required him to lead the main force south from

5889: 5696:

Up to 70,000 American Patriots died during active military service. Of these, approximately 6,800 were killed in battle, while at least 17,000 died from disease. The majority of the latter died while

5078:

is said to have ridden to alert militia forces of Putnam County, New York, and Danbury, Connecticut, to warn them of the British's approach; she has been called the "female Paul Revere". A report in

4574:

On the whole, American officers never equaled their British opponents in tactics and maneuvers, and they lost most of the pitched battles. The great successes at Boston (1776), Saratoga (1777), and

5905: 3727: 5944: 27222: 4595:

established the Board of War, which included members of the military. Because the Board of War was also a committee ensnared with its own internal procedures, Congress also created the post of

22920: 22432: 6659:, rumor among the natives spread that the feared Colonel Clark had discovered their approach. Bird's natives and Loyalists abandoned their mission 90 miles upriver to loot settlements at the 5584:

Orders on Monday, June 2, 1783. Once the Treaty of Paris was signed with Britain on September 3, 1783, Washington resigned as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army and left to retire at

4737:

On June 13, 1778, France declared war on Great Britain, and it invoked the French military alliance with the U.S., which ensured additional U.S. private support for French possessions in the

3768:; although the Americans withdrew, Knyphausen felt he was not strong enough to engage Washington's main force and retreated. A second attempt two weeks later ended in a British defeat at the 27942: 22738: 6112: 20454: 6601:

tavern, and was apprehended with maps and sketches of British fortifications and troop positions in his pockets. Howe ordered that he be summarily hung as a spy without trial the next day.

17308: 4856: 3947:, dispersing organized Loyalist resistance in the region. Despite this, Cornwallis continued into North Carolina hoping for Loyalist support, while Washington replaced Gates with General 1244: 4253:

was one of the last major engagements of the American Revolutionary War. News of the treaty between Great Britain and the United States arrived late that year. By this time, about 7% of

28434: 24517: 5681:

The total loss of life throughout the conflict is largely unknown. As was typical in wars of the era, diseases such as smallpox claimed more lives than battle. Between 1775 and 1782, a

2233:, aimed specifically at Massachusetts, although many colonists and members of the Whig opposition considered them a threat to liberty in general. This led to increased sympathy for the 2133:; routinely ignored before 1763, it had a significant economic impact since 85% of New England rum exports were manufactured from imported molasses. These measures were followed by the 14687:

Esek Hopkins, Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Navy During the American Revolution, 1775 to 1778: Master Mariner, politician, Brigadier General, Naval Officer, and Philanthropist

4485:

Each of the thirteen colonies also had a long-established system of local militia, which were combat-tested in support of British regulars thirteen years before to secure an expanded

2718:

On June 14, 1775, Congress took control of American Patriot forces outside Boston, and Congressional leader John Adams nominated Washington as commander-in-chief of the newly formed

22913: 21260: 13710:

Observance of the One Hundred and Twenty-third Anniversary of the Evacuation of Philadelphia by the British Army: Fort Washington and the Encampment of White Marsh, November 2, 1777

4369:

left New York for Yorktown. After landing troops and munitions for the besiegers on August 30, de Grasse remained in Chesapeake Bay and intercepted him on September 5; although the

3643: 1627: 22713: 3017:, he soon realized that he would need more than military might and amateur spies to defeat the British. He was committed to professionalizing military intelligence. With aid from 2522: 1566: 18277:

American Revolution, (1775–83), insurrection by which 13 of Great Britain's North American colonies won political independence and went on to form the United States of America.

3450: 29803: 28307: 5389:

to form a government; a consistent supporter of the Patriot cause, he made a commitment to U.S. independence a condition of doing so. George III reluctantly accepted and the

3114:

In London, news of the victorious Long Island campaign was well received with festivities held in the capital. Public support reached a peak, and King George III awarded the

24445: 6102: 28024: 18171: 6878:. Uncertainty arises from the difficulties in accurately calculating the number of those who succumbed to disease, as it is estimated at least 10,000 died in 1776 alone. 5576:

their last East Coast port cities in Savannah, Charleston, and New York City, by November 25, 1783, which marked the end of British occupation in the new United States.

5067:

to sell goods and perform necessary tasks in hospitals and camps. They were a necessary part of eighteenth-century armies, and numbered in the thousands during the war.

16075:

Louis XVI, his most Christian King; Commissioners of the United States of America. "Treaty of Alliance" (6 February 1778). 18th Century. Yale Law School Avalon Project.

5155:

were barred from the Continental Army until Washington convinced Congress in January 1778 that there was no other way to replace losses from disease and desertion. The

2401:

approved the recruitment of new regiments, while allowing Catholics to enlist for the first time. Britain also signed a series of treaties with German states to supply

28029: 23369: 18009: 4353:

to relocate to the Atlantic seaboard, a move Arbuthnot did not anticipate. This provided Lafayette naval support, while the failure of previous combined operations at

1174: 1005: 14985: 3202:

Meanwhile, the Hessians were involved in numerous clashes with small bands of Patriots and were often aroused by false alarms at night in the weeks before the actual

3119:

could win within a year. In the meantime, the British established winter quarters in the New York City area and anticipated renewed campaigning the following spring.

2684:, was a brief skirmish at Lexington, followed by the full-scale Battles of Lexington and Concord. British troops suffered around 300 casualties before withdrawing to 2461:. The declaration was written almost exclusively by Jefferson, who wrote it largely in isolation between June 11 and June 28, 1776, in a three-story residence at 700 1866:

in an American victory that proved crucial in convincing France and Spain that an independent United States was a viable possibility. After Saratoga, France signed a

28124: 27464: 27334: 26198: 25377: 20944: 18647: 5925: 3745:

During the winter of 1779–1780, the Continental Army suffered greater hardships than at Valley Forge. Morale was poor, public support fell away in the long war, the

2726:, and on June 16, Hancock officially proclaimed him "General and Commander in Chief of the army of the United Colonies." He assumed command on July 3, preferring to 2553: 2377: 21201: 6962:

worldwide during the era. The impact on merchant shipping was substantial; 2,283 were taken by American privateers. Worldwide 1775–1784, an estimated 3,386 British

4727:; the Dutch, impressed by these American victories and conflicts, moved from covertly supplying the Americans with weapons and supplies to overtly supporting them. 22437: 6097: 5481:

The Whig negotiators for Lord Rockingham and his successor, Prime Minister Lord Shelburne, included long-time friend of Benjamin Franklin from his time in London,

3509:

to begin negotiations with Vergennes, whose key objectives were replacing Britain as the United States' primary commercial and military partner while securing the

2162:

on suspicion of smuggling. Tensions escalated further in March 1770 when British troops fired on rock-throwing civilians, killing five in what became known as the

20500: 3298: 28714: 27594: 18154: 4311:

Clinton spent most of 1781 based in New York City; he failed to construct a coherent operational strategy, partly due to his difficult relationship with Admiral

4257:

settlers had been killed in battles against Native Americans, contrasted with 1% of the population killed in the Thirteen Colonies. Lingering resentments led to

3522: 1867: 4394:

to Nova Scotia and the British West Indies. Native American allies of the British and some freed blacks were left to escape unaided through the American lines.

3278:

would be a prolonged affair, which led to a change in British strategy. This involved isolating the north from the rest of the country by taking control of the

29473: 28201: 27969: 27803: 27459: 26060: 25879: 6181: 5869: 12827:

Ellen Holmes Pearson. "Revising Custom, Embracing Choice: Early American Legal Scholars and the Republicanization of the Common Law", in Gould and Onuf, eds.

2105:, acting through a local governor, the colonies were largely governed by native-born property owners. While external affairs were managed by London, colonial 28490: 28057: 27947: 26501: 22190: 21658: 21505: 17369: 13199:

Baer, Friederike (Winter 2015). "The Decision to Hire German Troops in the War of American Independence: Reactions in Britain and North America, 1774–1776".

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British from Charleston, Savannah, and New York; some moved onto London, while 3,000 to 4,000 settled in Nova Scotia, where they founded settlements such as

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in 1770, which strengthened North American Patriots' desire for independence from Great Britain. Among further tensions, the British Parliament imposed the

29546: 27825: 23452: 21855: 20535: 5448:. The portrait was never completed because the British commissioners refused to pose. Laurens, pictured, was actually in London at the time it was painted. 5386: 5189: 3871: 1559: 3625:

Meanwhile, George III had given up on subduing America while Britain had a European war to fight. He did not welcome war with France, but he believed the

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Women played various roles during the Revolutionary War; they often accompanied their husbands when permitted to do so. For example, throughout the war

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In addition, Clinton's strategy was compromised by conflict with political superiors in London and his colleagues in North America, especially Admiral

4786: 4186:, by Lieutenant Colonel Clark. The British initiative under Bird from Detroit was ended at the rumored approach of Clark. The scale of violence in the 3797: 3618:, formed by Russia, Sweden and Denmark in March 1780 to protect neutral shipping from being stopped and searched for contraband by Britain and France. 2526: 2518: 2501:

undercover operations, analyze foreign publications, and initiate Patriot propaganda campaigns. Paine served as secretary, while Benjamin Franklin and

1702: 1639: 1607: 1323: 17102: 6620: 4549:, the chief of staff. One of Washington's most successful general officer recruits was Steuben, a veteran of the Prussian general staff who wrote the 2303:

to 1775. However, on February 9 Parliament declared Massachusetts to be in a state of rebellion and instituted a blockade of the colony. In July, the

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Most Native Americans living in the area remembered the French better than any of the British they had met. Despite the British military nearby, the

6006: 4986: 4591:, then president of the Second Continental Congress, "that the possession of our towns, while we have an army in the field, will avail them little." 4583: 4015: 3688:

was indecisive; badly damaged by a storm, the French withdrew to avoid putting their ships at risk. Further activity was limited to British raids on

3647: 3146: 2514: 1634: 5251:

allies of Britain fought against Americans in Georgia and South Carolina. In 1778, a force of 800 Muscogee destroyed American settlements along the

3282:, allowing them to focus on the south where Loyalist support was believed to be substantial. In December 1776, Howe wrote to the Colonial Secretary 2376:, offering to accept royal authority in return for George III mediating in the dispute. However, since the petition was immediately followed by the 2256: 28456: 28429: 27746: 26420: 26045: 25994: 14696: 4378: 3518:

Assurances of formal French support allowed Congress to reject the Carlisle Peace Commission and insist on nothing short of complete independence.

3360:

on August 24. He now compounded failure to support Burgoyne by missing repeated opportunities to destroy his opponent, defeating Washington at the

2149:, which repealed the Stamp Act and reduced tax on foreign molasses to help the New England economy, but re-asserted Parliamentary authority in the 21158: 14300: 4044: 3867: 1000: 28804: 28764: 27100: 26055: 25873: 25768: 25306: 21774: 21280: 19618: 6043: 6038: 5385:

On February 27, 1782, a Whig motion to end the offensive war in America was carried by 19 votes. North now resigned, obliging the king to invite

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was sent to assist Washington; deciding New York was too formidable a target, in August they launched a combined attack on Newport, with General

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The Revolutionary War included two principal campaign theaters within the Thirteen Colonies, and a smaller but strategically important third one

1891: 1656: 1552: 1109: 24102: 18178:, Series: Campaign Atlases of the United States Army. West Point, New York: United States Military Academy, History Department. 20 October 2020. 18067: 17312: 6520:

British 121,000 (global 1781) "Of 7,500 men in the Gibraltar garrison in September (including 400 in hospital), some 3,430 were always on duty".

2031:, led British authorities to consolidate their hold by populating them with English-speaking settlers. Preventing conflict between settlers and 29798: 28612: 27530: 27017: 26190: 24769: 23331: 22697: 22392: 20470: 20297:

There is an overwhelming consensus that Americans' economic standard of living on the eve of the Revolution was among the highest in the world.

20242:

There is an overwhelming consensus that Americans' economic standard of living on the eve of the Revolution was among the highest in the world.

19860:

A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774–1875: Treaty of Alliance with France 1778, "Article II"

18809: 17267: 12889: 6208: 4880: 4390:

war objective, a British withdrawal from North America and cession of these regions to the U.S., was completed in stages in East Coast cities.

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At the onset of the war, the Second Continental Congress realized defeating Britain required foreign alliances and intelligence-gathering. The

2114:

expected the colonies to fund their own defense. The new taxes levied on subjects in the colonies proved highly burdensome in colonies such as

645: 16132:– Highly regarded examination of British strategy and leadership. An introduction by John W. Shy with his biographical sketch of Mackesy. 13406: 6597:

stepped forward, but he was only able to provide Washington with nominal intelligence at that time. On September 21, Hale was recognized in a

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If the upper limit of 70,000 is accepted as the total net loss for the Patriots, it would make the conflict proportionally deadlier than the

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on September 19 resulted in 600 British casualties. When Clinton advised he could not reach them, Burgoyne's subordinates advised retreat; a

3108: 3107:, where it remained for over two months, until February 27, 1777. Loyalist activity surged in the wake of the American defeat, especially in 1353: 21628: 13654: 2604: 28444: 28041: 27857: 27798: 27381: 27339: 27095: 27090: 27085: 27080: 27075: 27070: 27065: 27060: 27055: 27050: 26085: 26025: 25924: 25671: 25599: 25500: 25411: 25387: 25293: 25174: 25090: 25013: 24961: 24881: 23221: 22894: 17195:

Reeve, John L. (2009). "British Naval Strategy: War on a Global Scale". In Hagan, Kenneth J.; McMaster, Michael T.; Stoker, Donald (eds.).

6589:

To learn when and where the attack would occur Washington asked for a volunteer among the Rangers to spy on activity behind enemy lines in

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on January 17, 1781, nearly eliminating it as a fighting force. The Patriots now held the initiative in the south, with the exception of a

2982: 2704: 2079: 17: 18068:"How George Washington's Savvy Won the Day:Despite his share of errors, the commander in chief prevailed as a strategist and a politician" 6934:

into service. Around 1,240 were killed in battle, while an estimated 18,500 died from disease (1776–1780). The greatest killer at sea was

4423:

To win their insurrection, Washington and the Continental Army needed to outlast the British will to continue the fight. To restore their

2839:

on April 20, 1775, led to an increase in tension, although conflict was avoided for the time being. This changed after the publication of

29568: 29411: 29306: 29051: 28789: 27909: 27820: 27562: 27547: 27429: 26856: 26204: 25966: 25781: 22427: 22351: 21840: 21779: 19923: 18165:

U.S. Congress. "Treaty of Greenville 1795" (3 August 1795). Document Collection: 18th Century, 1700–1799. Yale Law School Avalon Project.

14474:

Informal Alliance: Royal Navy And U.S. Navy Co-Operation Against Republican France During The Quasi-War And Wars Of The French Revolution

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The French suffered 2,112 killed in combat in the United States. The Spanish lost a total of 124 killed and 247 wounded in West Florida.

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and Brunswick. Sir Henry Clinton recommended recruiting Russian troops whom he rated very highly, having seen them in action against the

4300: 3823: 3096: 2653: 1899: 1133: 18363: 16294:

The battle of Red Bank, resulting in the defeat of the Hessians and the destruction of the British frigate Augusta, Oct. 22 and 23, 1777

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frequently issued commemorative stamps celebrating the various people and events of the Revolutionary War. The first such stamp was the

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control. In Britain, on the other hand, republicanism was largely a fringe ideology since it challenged the aristocratic control of the

4508: 3907:'s mainly Loyalist force routed a Continental Army force nearly three times its size under the command of Colonel Abraham Buford at the 29394: 28909: 28904: 28894: 28267: 27996: 27244: 26547: 26493: 26457: 26030: 25419: 23384: 23374: 22565: 22382: 22088: 21291: 20636: 14135: 11723: 6092: 5105: 3780:; his attempt to betray the fort to the British failed due to incompetent planning, and the plot was revealed when his British contact 3483: 2272:

calling for the repeal of the Intolerable Acts. However, after some debate, on September 17, 1774, Congress endorsed the Massachusetts

22180: 14875:

History of the Siege of Boston, and of the Battles of Lexington, Concord, and Bunker Hill: also an Account of the Bunker Hill Monument

4319:, Cornwallis independently developed an aggressive plan for a campaign in Virginia, which he hoped would isolate Greene's army in the 3943:

to cover his left flank, leaving their forces too far apart to provide mutual support. In early October, Ferguson was defeated at the

3368:

on September 20, Cornwallis occupied Philadelphia on September 26, with the main force of 9,000 under Howe based just to the north at

29563: 29506: 29399: 29228: 28670: 27173: 26103: 26040: 26035: 25988: 25397: 24949: 24909: 23121: 23095: 22256: 21663: 20964: 20887: 20416: 15364: 6048: 5996: 2883: 2430: 2414: 2342: 1812: 422: 417: 198: 18876:. New-York Historical Society. Collections. The John Watts de Peyster publication fund series, no. 49. New York Historical Society. 16768:

O'Shaughnessy, Andrew Jackson (Spring 2004). "If Others Will Not Be Active, I Must Drive": George III and the American Revolution".

13623:

Orderly book of Lieut. Gen. John Burgoyne, from his entry into the state of New York until his surrender at Saratoga, 16th Oct. 1777

13580: 13320:

Commanding Generals and Chiefs of Staff, 1775–2005: Portraits & Biographical Sketches of the United States Army's Senior Officer

7027: 6347: 4059:. This provided an alternative transportation route for the Continental Army, bypassing the British blockade of the Atlantic Coast. 2897:

to secure ordnance stored there. On March 3, 1776, an American squadron under the command of Esek Hopkins landed at the east end of

29788: 29610: 29406: 28899: 28387: 28327: 27887: 27542: 27434: 27284: 26462: 26374: 26360: 26219: 26170: 26123: 26118: 26065: 26015: 25960: 25463: 25328: 25140: 24553: 24072: 23675: 23445: 23389: 23359: 22422: 21608: 21174: 20601: 20528: 18608: 16948: 6151: 5013:—provided some of the best troops in British service; it received a commission in the British Army. It was a mixed regiment of 250 4731: 4334:, meanwhile, discussed their options. Washington wanted to attack the British in New York, and Rochambeau wanted to attack them in 3441: 3437: 2312: 1924: 372: 367: 11802: 6511:

Admiral Jose Solano's fleet arrived from the Mediterranean Sea to support the Spanish conquest of English Pensacola, West Florida.

5149:

population) either fled, migrated, or died, which significantly disrupted the plantation economies both during and after the war.

4674:

on April 24, 1778, the first victory for any American military vessel in British waters. The last such victory was by the frigate

3308:

Burgoyne set out on June 14, 1777, with a mixed force of British regulars, professional German soldiers and Canadian militia, and

2268:

to agree on a unified response to the crisis. Many of the delegates feared that an all-out boycott would result in war and sent a

29516: 29489: 29448: 29443: 29416: 29346: 29233: 29029: 28836: 28424: 28248: 28146: 27778: 26846: 26506: 26452: 26050: 26009: 25980: 25552: 23321: 21967: 21653: 5763:

and over the next eight years more than 10,000 slaves were given their freedom. With support from Benjamin Franklin, in 1790 the

4104: 4048: 4028: 3855:, Congress would be forced to agree to terms. However, assumptions about the level of Loyalist support proved wildly optimistic. 3595: 1157: 976: 397: 377: 18627: 17217: 17038: 15680: 14214:. Vol. 16 has title:Documents of the American Revolution, 1779–1780. Vol. 12, 15, 17, 18. Shannon: Irish University Press. 4792: 29617: 29326: 29009: 28914: 28744: 28692: 28653: 28220: 28215: 28069: 28006: 27959: 27937: 27902: 27557: 27413: 26113: 25952: 25937: 25862: 25845: 24535: 23354: 23100: 22387: 22170: 21845: 21235: 21014: 17339:

Ritcheson, Charles R. (1973). ""Loyalist Influence" on British Policy Toward the United States After the American Revolution".

6256: 6075: 6053: 5772:, but allowed the domestic slave trade to continue, arguing the federal government had no right to regulate individual states. 4490: 3283: 2829: 2126: 1602: 1073: 382: 19858: 18377: 5110: 4143:, and captured five forts. In doing so, Gálvez opened navigation on the Mississippi River north to the American settlement in 3092: 2798:

on December 31, the Americans maintained a loose blockade of the city until they retreated on May 6, 1776. A second defeat at

29433: 29321: 29191: 29095: 29004: 28928: 28473: 28439: 27454: 27444: 27439: 27297: 27292: 27156: 27121: 26974: 26542: 26439: 26347: 26092: 25974: 25931: 25796: 24764: 24759: 24746: 23868: 23399: 23379: 22995: 22692: 22687: 22346: 21638: 20893: 20586: 20328: 13839: 6129: 5794: 5769: 5704:

in New York Harbor. The number of Patriots seriously wounded or disabled by the war has been estimated from 8,500 to 25,000.

5471: 5354: 5125:

When war began, the population of the Thirteen Colonies included an estimated 500,000 slaves, predominantly used as labor on

5019: 4951: 4056: 3784:

was captured and later executed. Arnold escaped to New York and switched sides, an action justified in a pamphlet addressed "

2844: 2062:

possessions in America. Settlement was tightly restricted beyond the 1763 limits, and claims west of this line, including by

2032: 1970: 731: 551: 392: 25884: 23542: 20251:(March 1995). "Where Is There Consensus Among American Economic Historians? The Results of a Survey on Forty Propositions". 20196:(March 1995). "Where Is There Consensus Among American Economic Historians? The Results of a Survey on Forty Propositions". 18764: 14974: 4698:

proceeds from the sale of cargo and the ship itself. About 55,000 sailors served aboard American privateers during the war.

29629: 29526: 29463: 29453: 29336: 29127: 29090: 29019: 28851: 28816: 28367: 28097: 27830: 27601: 27552: 27525: 27449: 27408: 25758: 24671: 24625: 23898: 23711: 22502: 21865: 20852: 20375:' Digital Collections. Original editions for titles related to the American Revolutionary War are also available online at 18134: 16595: 15929:

American Revolution 100: The Battles, People, and Events of the American War for Independence, Ranked by Their Significance

14283: 12929: 5819: 5748:, often word-for-word in places. It inspired revolutions in France, Haiti, Latin America, and elsewhere in the modern era. 5327:

and allied with the British to resist American settlement, and their conflict continued after the Revolutionary War as the

4128: 3959: 3920: 2766: 2381: 1056: 18781: 18655: 17823: 16214:

Mauch, Christof (Winter 1998). "Images of America—Political Myths—Historiography: "Hessians" in the War of Independence".

6718:

Three branches of the United States Military trace their roots to the American Revolutionary War; the Army comes from the

6490:

deployed 500 Spanish regulars in his New Orleans-based attacks on British-held locations west of the Mississippi River in

6453:

For five months in 1778 from July to November, the French deployed a fleet to assist American operations off of New York,

2429:, which was published on January 10, 1776, and argued for American self-government and was widely reprinted. To draft the 29738: 29585: 29573: 29511: 29268: 28759: 28658: 28255: 27914: 27810: 27694: 26964: 26381: 26131: 25684: 25624: 25214: 24728: 24541: 24475: 23438: 23338: 23306: 22588: 22497: 22377: 22200: 21643: 21633: 21623: 20521: 19656: 18525: 17141: 5984: 5685:

broke out throughout North America, killing an estimated 130,000 among all its populations during those years. Historian

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was indecisive in terms of losses, Graves was forced to retreat, leaving Cornwallis isolated. An attempted breakout over

3976: 3911:. The battle is controversial for allegations of a massacre, which were later used as a recruiting tool by the Patriots. 3475: 2727: 2477:. This is also one of the first times that the colonies were referred to as "United States", rather than the more common 412: 407: 402: 387: 19883: 15124: 5323:, but the Indian inhabitants were not a part of the peace negotiations. Tribes in the Northwest Territory joined as the 4896: 4140: 2582:

by serving as one of the foremost financiers of the Revolution in the frontier Northwest. Later, he was a co-founder of

2156:

However, this did little to end the discontent; in 1768, a riot started in Boston when the authorities seized the sloop

2070:, were rescinded despite the fact that each colony argued that their boundaries extended from the Atlantic Ocean to the 1995:

with lands held by the British prior to 1763 (in red), land gained by Britain in 1763 (in pink), and lands ceded to the

721: 29558: 29499: 29384: 29379: 29316: 29078: 29039: 28999: 28846: 28799: 28779: 28392: 28019: 28014: 27919: 27867: 27396: 27151: 27010: 26959: 26446: 26209: 26070: 26002: 25942: 25736: 25239: 25229: 25145: 23753: 23326: 23291: 23211: 22812: 22807: 22802: 22797: 22472: 21860: 21835: 21769: 21694: 21618: 20949: 20611: 20596: 20317: 20183: 20135: 20083: 20044: 20023: 19991: 19968: 19893: 19764: 19743: 19722: 19607: 19582: 19558: 19524: 19503: 19482: 19363: 19307: 19286: 19267: 19248: 19227: 19167: 19148: 19000: 18979: 18953: 18588: 18567: 18546: 18517: 18488: 18467: 18439: 18418: 18387: 18352: 18328: 18251: 18227: 18121: 18039: 18018: 17994: 17962: 17939: 17918: 17846: 17790: 17769: 17748: 17693: 17625: 17538: 17498: 17467: 17446: 17425: 17404: 17286: 17240: 17206: 17185: 17162: 17091: 17012: 16991: 16970: 16914: 16879: 16858: 16837: 16816: 16758: 16701: 16678: 16659: 16638: 16616: 16561: 16537: 16516: 16495: 16474: 16450: 16405: 16337: 16313: 16281: 16246: 16204: 16180: 16125: 16102: 16065: 16044: 16020: 15977: 15958: 15937: 15878: 15857: 15835: 15814: 15793: 15772: 15751: 15727: 15706: 15668: 15618: 15595: 15563: 15539: 15518: 15497: 15458: 15392: 15353: 15332: 15311: 15290: 15245: 15224: 15200: 15168: 15147: 15092: 15068: 15036: 15015: 14944: 14917: 14896: 14848: 14816: 14751: 14730: 14706: 14674: 14653: 14632: 14611: 14574: 14538: 14517: 14408: 14379: 14358: 14272: 14251: 14219: 14179: 14158: 14124: 14089: 14068: 14047: 14015: 13994: 13973: 13952: 13897: 13872: 13828: 13807: 13786: 13765: 13741: 13681: 13610: 13561: 13542: 13521: 13500: 13479: 13445: 13328: 13247: 13189: 13168: 13145: 13124: 13103: 13082: 13032: 13011: 12990: 12969: 12950: 12868: 12812: 6701:

conflicting territorial claims adjacent the Caribbean Sea, including Jamaica, adjacent the Mediterranean Sea including

6388:

Arnold served on the American side from 1775 to 1780; after defecting, he served on the British side from 1780 to 1783.

6058: 5828: 5786: 5494: 5362: 4887:, where many smaller states had a long tradition of renting their armies to the highest bidder. The most important was 4403: 4024: 3982:

The Patriots now controlled most of the Carolinas and Georgia outside the coastal areas; after a minor reversal at the

3954:

Greene divided his army, leading his main force southeast pursued by Cornwallis; a detachment was sent southwest under

3749:

was virtually worthless, the army was plagued with supply problems, desertion was common, and mutinies occurred in the

2786: 2497: 499: 427: 20425: 18674:"Women's Service with the Revolutionary Army : The Colonial Williamsburg Official History & Citizenship Site" 18673: 17665:

George Rogers Clark: Adventure in the Illinois and Selected Documents of the American Revolution at the Frontier Posts

29600: 29580: 29531: 29521: 29389: 29311: 29288: 29248: 29112: 29102: 28979: 28954: 28861: 28841: 28319: 28109: 27835: 27217: 26108: 26098: 25634: 25271: 25108: 24691: 24354: 23699: 23548: 23251: 23186: 22524: 22268: 21419: 18813: 18304: 18082: 6627:, where more American soldiers and sailors died of disease and neglect than died in every battle of the war combined. 6462: 6218: 6176: 5745: 4900: 4717: 4707: 3677: 3606: 3550: 3033: 2879: 2649: 2354: 2129:

to cease trading smuggled goods and enforce customs duties levied in American ports. The most important was the 1733

22175: 20058: 17876: 14316:

Exhibit at the Cabildo Museum, 'Recovered Memories: Spain, New Orleans, and the Support for the American Revolution'

6829:, the British maintained five forts in New York state: two forts at northern Lake Champlain, and three beginning at 6466: 6429: 5963: 4350: 3141: 29605: 29551: 29536: 29438: 29273: 28749: 28702: 28697: 28599: 28526: 28226: 27991: 27520: 26407: 25661: 25490: 25323: 25283: 25162: 24696: 24571: 23578: 23301: 23261: 22492: 22442: 22412: 22397: 22251: 21897: 21359: 21299: 21240: 20497: 19944: 19206: 14827: 14550: 13339: 9791: 6213: 6191: 6161: 6063: 6011: 5813:

has long been cited as a major influence on Revolutionary-era American thinking, but historians David Lundberg and

5282:

The Iroquois Confederacy was shattered as a result of the American Revolutionary War, whatever side they took; the

5031: 4566:

directly commanded more than 17,000 men, and the combined Franco-American army in the decisive American victory at

4052: 3615: 3570: 3513:

from American expansion. These islands were extremely valuable; in 1772, the value of sugar and coffee produced by

3486:

argued they did not need French help to gain independence, and war was too expensive. Instead, Vergennes persuaded

3467: 3309: 2938: 2832: 2818: 2595: 2556:, which aimed to mobilize Loyalist support in the region and occupy American Patriot-controlled territory north to 2537:, seeing the possibility for an American Patriot victory in the war, formally entered the war as an American ally. 2316: 2246: 1996: 1920: 1831: 1792: 1713: 1612: 455: 22905: 17377: 13279: 7141:"Avalon Project - British-American Diplomcay : Proclamation Declaring the Cesssation of Arms; April 11, 1783" 4460:

disastrous to the Dutch economy. The Dutch were also excluded from the First League of Armed Neutrality formed by

3226: 29639: 29428: 29369: 29278: 29169: 29144: 28641: 28631: 28196: 28114: 28052: 28036: 27882: 27877: 27641: 27621: 27611: 27606: 26608: 26342: 26298: 25694: 25192: 25048: 24619: 24204: 23536: 22970: 22507: 21814: 21804: 21794: 20591: 20368: 20253: 20198: 19413:

Kaplan, Rodger (January 1990). "The Hidden War: British Intelligence Operations during the American Revolution".

19392:

Hagist, Don N. (Winter 2011). "Unpublished Writings of Roger Lamb, Soldier of the American War of Independence".

17049:

Pybus, Cassandra (2005). "Jefferson's Faulty Math: The Question of Slave Defections in the American Revolution".

5645: 5233:. Their defeat splintered both Cherokee settlements and people, and was directly responsible for the rise of the 4947: 4713: 4633: 4366: 4159: 3848: 3693: 2863: 2696: 2656:

from 1774, received orders to take action against the Patriots. He decided to destroy militia ordnance stored at

2142: 1827: 1097: 12766:

Gould, Eliga H. (1999). "A virtual nation: Greater Britain and the imperial legacy of the American Revolution".

5605:, for instance, had a 1775 population of 150. By 1790, 15 years later, its population had grown to over 73,000. 3614:

in December 1780, a conflict that proved disastrous to the Dutch economy. The Dutch were also excluded from the

3222:

the following day. The two victories helped convince the French that the Americans were worthy military allies.

2680:

militia, who prepared to resist the attempted seizure. The first action of the war, commonly referred to as the

29622: 29296: 29243: 29159: 29149: 29117: 29046: 29034: 28989: 28876: 28774: 28636: 28556: 28546: 28332: 28189: 27892: 27850: 27793: 27567: 27478: 26078: 25947: 25714: 24559: 23916: 23831: 23500: 23256: 22792: 22772: 22767: 22762: 22757: 22596: 22558: 22407: 21495: 21459: 21196: 20720: 20508: 19874:

Universal History Americanised: Or, An Historical View of the World, from the Earliest Records to the Year 1808

19542: 19113: 19046: 18934: 17897: 17727: 17672: 17653: 15269: 14963: 14797: 14493: 13395: 13374: 12544: 7659: 6963: 6406:

The total in active duty service for the American Cause during the American Revolutionary War numbered 200,000.

6288: 6166: 5836: 5649: 5475: 5085: 5044: 4965: 4941: 4596: 4550: 4151: 3972: 3545: 3491: 3480: 3060: 2887: 2743: 2633: 2458: 2296: 1725: 1507: 494: 142: 103: 16605:

Nash, Gary B. (2012). "Chapter: The African Americans Revolution". In Gray, Edward G.; Kamensky, Jane (eds.).

14334: 2141:, which imposed additional taxes on the colonies to pay for defending the western frontier. In July 1765, the 29808: 29374: 29238: 29154: 29085: 29056: 28994: 28884: 28856: 28500: 27872: 27765: 27003: 26793: 26402: 26387: 26322: 26312: 26283: 26273: 25811: 24012: 24000: 23988: 23958: 23934: 23928: 23922: 23904: 23880: 23404: 23311: 22058: 22017: 21349: 20983: 20899: 20872: 18368:. Vol. 7 January 13, 1777 – April 30, 1777. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. 17719: 15448: 9816: 5855:" approach looks at community social structure to find cleavages that were magnified into colonial cleavages. 4961: 4258: 3785: 3420: 3215: 3091:

wanted to pursue Washington's disorganized army, but he was first required to commit 6,000 troops to capture

2821:. These failures impacted public support for the Patriot cause, and aggressive anti-Loyalist policies in the 2564:

being a major setback for southern Patriots; however, a Franco-American force surrounded the British army at

2234: 2067: 1690: 707: 298: 23952: 15679: 5172:. The free Black Loyalists who migrated to the British West Indies included regular soldiers from Dunmore's 29669: 29662: 29595: 29458: 29341: 29263: 29253: 29107: 29068: 29024: 28984: 28941: 28889: 28821: 28794: 28754: 28732: 28541: 28355: 28302: 28235: 28092: 28048: 27976: 27897: 27815: 27626: 27490: 27319: 27227: 27035: 26392: 26366: 26352: 26327: 26317: 26268: 26184: 25791: 25301: 25075: 24969: 24754: 24680: 24270: 23482: 23462: 23080: 22452: 22273: 20882: 20623: 19983: 18175: 18086: 17114: 16416: 14198: 6673: 6660: 6330: 6251:

Two independent "COR" Regiments, the Congress's Own Regiments, were recruited among British Canadiens. The

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says there is little evidence backing the story, and whether the ride occurred is questioned. A few others

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to deceive themselves on their level of American support as late as 1780, a year before hostilities ended.

4910:

Unlike previous wars their use led to intense political debate in Britain, France, and even Germany, where

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regulating trade between the two countries, followed by a defensive military alliance against Britain, the

3229:, where he remained until May and received Congressional direction to inoculate all Patriot troops against 2870:

between Loyalist and Patriot militias, and the Loyalists were subsequently driven out of the colony in the

2762: 2540:

During 1778, Washington prevented the British army from breaking out of New York City, while militia under

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Scott, Hamish M (1988). "Sir Joseph Yorke, Dutch Politics and the Origins of the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War".

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Elsewhere around the world, the French lost another approximately 5,000 total dead in conflicts 1778–1784.

4724: 673: 29590: 29541: 29356: 29258: 29181: 29063: 28959: 28784: 28769: 28707: 28342: 28297: 28104: 27986: 27840: 26822: 26718: 26288: 25557: 24934: 24899: 24457: 24409: 23994: 23795: 23196: 22854: 22543: 22482: 21850: 21799: 21550: 21429: 21309: 21143: 20929: 20670: 19872: 19011: 18135:"Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970; Colonial and Pre-Federal Statistics" 15585: 15574: 14323: 14026: 13799:

To Starve the Army at Pleasure: Continental Army Administration and American Political Culture, 1775–1783

5809: 5739:, published January 10, 1776. "We have it in our power to begin the world over again", Paine wrote in it. 5482: 5366: 4386:

led to signed preliminary agreements in November 1782, which acknowledged U.S. independence. The enacted

4198:

settlements, who joined Clark's militia when the British and their hired German soldiers withdrew to the

4077:

In February 1778, an expedition of militia to destroy British military supplies in settlements along the

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on September 11, then allowing him to withdraw in good order. After dispersing an American detachment at

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and appointed Washington its commander-in-chief. The British Parliament declared the colonies to be in a

1796: 1044: 22185: 21500: 20034: 19068: 17302:. Translated by DeBakey, Michael E. Ministère de la défense, Service de santé des armées. NLM 101659674. 6432:

landed nearly 4000 troops who were detached to Lafayette's Continental Army surrounding British General

5580:

exchange occurred, an effort that involved much negotiation and would take some seven months to effect.

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on January 2; during the night, Washington outmaneuvered Cornwallis, then defeated his rearguard in the

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Britain and France at the Birth of America: The European Powers and the Peace Negotiations of 1782–1783

16941:

The Failure of British Strategy during the Southern Campaign of the American Revolutionary War, 1780–81

15047: 14483: 14449: 13909:"To become again our brethren': Desertion and community during the American Revolutionary War, 1775–83" 13257:

Bass, Robert D. (October 1957). "The Green Dragoon: The Lives of Banastre Tarleton and Mary Robinson".

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After securing additional supplies, Howe made another attempt on Philadelphia by landing his troops in

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in Indiana. Vigo was featured in a collectors coin to celebrate the bicentennial of Indiana statehood.

2333: 2265: 2250: 2115: 2043: 1940: 1912: 266: 22195: 21927: 18828: 17973: 16081: 15988: 15469: 15137: 6900:, the Dutch suffered around 500 total killed, owing to the minor scale of their conflict with Britain. 29793: 29073: 28379: 28184: 28179: 27741: 27195: 26902: 26887: 26877: 26836: 26758: 26723: 26293: 25360: 25187: 25157: 24926: 24276: 23663: 23590: 23506: 23146: 22551: 22246: 22236: 22118: 21540: 21525: 21339: 21230: 21179: 21024: 20974: 20821: 20685: 20629: 20489: 18839:

History of the United States of America, from the discovery of the American continent – eight volumes

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Paul David Nelson, "British Conduct of the American Revolutionary War: A Review of Interpretations."

11756: 6648: 6296: 5978: 5602: 5573: 5536: 5486: 5156: 5118: 5080: 4998: 4179: 4074:, who was appointed U.S. commercial agent. It also helped support the American campaign in the west. 3788:"; the Patriots condemned his betrayal, while he found himself almost as unpopular with the British. 3566: 3526: 3445: 3353:, surrendered their arms before being taken to Boston, where they were to be transported to England. 3196: 3083: 3072: 2974: 2944: 2852: 2840: 2782: 2521:

and was at its most severe from 1775 to 1778. American Patriots achieved several strategic victories

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took office on March 27, 1782; however, Rockingham died unexpectedly on July 1, and was replaced by

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Don't Tread On Me: A 400-year History of American at War, from Indian Fighting to Terrorist Hunting

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Tyrrell, Ian (1999). "Making Nations/Making States: American Historians in the Context of Empire".

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with laying the intellectual, moral, and ethical foundations for the American Revolution among the

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In 1782, large scale retaliations between settlers and Native Americans in the region included the

3944: 3874:, an experienced officer taken prisoner earlier in the war before being exchanged for Ethan Allen, 3750: 3369: 3350: 3068: 2810: 2735: 2565: 2505:, sent to France to recruit military engineers, were instrumental in securing French aid in Paris. 1984: 1903: 1749: 1544: 1068: 1051: 1039: 487: 204: 25338: 19809: 19677: 19105:

Council Fires on the Upper Ohio: A Narrative of Indian Affairs in the Upper Ohio Valley until 1795

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Kaplan, Lawrence S. (September 1983). "The Treaty of Paris, 1783: A Historiographical Challenge".

14855:

An abridgement in one volume by Richard Harwell of the seven-volume biography of George Washington

3237:

between the two armies which continued until March, Howe made no attempt to attack the Americans.

2847:

who fled their Patriot masters and agreed to fight for the Crown. British forces were defeated at

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The Unknown American Revolution: The Unruly Birth of Democracy and the Struggle to Create America

13889: 13714: 13646: 13418: 6292: 5513:; the United States and Great Britain were each given perpetual access to the Mississippi River. 5445: 5272: 5256: 4108: 4003: 3831: 3707:. Clinton unsuccessfully tried to tempt Washington into a decisive engagement by sending General 3689: 3681: 3626: 3554: 3396: 3342: 3337:

Morale among his troops rapidly declined, and an unsuccessful attempt to break past Gates at the

3187:

Two weeks after Congress withdrew to Baltimore, on the night of December 25–26, 1776, Washington

3075:, and the Americans withdrew. Howe declined to close with Washington's army on October 28 at the 3064: 2926: 2795: 2758: 2613: 2425: 2277: 2106: 1204: 927: 822: 24814: 24114: 23807: 21148: 20388: 17889:

American Military History Volume 1 The United States Army and the Forging of a Nation, 1775–1917

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Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015

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who produced cash crops in tobacco and indigo comparable to global markets in Caribbean sugar.

4387: 4354: 4324: 4116: 3928: 3880: 3761: 3685: 3611: 3558: 3206:. By Christmas they were tired and weary, while a heavy snowstorm led their commander, Colonel 3076: 2915: 2848: 2677: 2657: 2012: 1966: 1745: 208: 20391:(Report). National Archives, Washington D.C.: Continental Congress of the United States. 1776. 20013: 19927: 19735:

Dangerous Guests: Enemy Captives and Revolutionary Communities During the War for Independence

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The Black Loyalists: The Search for a Promised Land in Nova Scotia and Sierra Leone, 1783–1870

17133:

Rebels and Redcoats: The American Revolution Through the Eyes of Those who Fought and Lived it

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The navy of the American Revolution: its administration, its policy and its achievements Oscar

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Major Operations of the Royal Navy, 1762–1783: Being Chapter XXXI in The Royal Navy. A History

15927: 14778: 12980: 12898: 12802: 11830: 4327:. This strategy was approved by Lord Germain in London, but neither of them informed Clinton. 74: 29331: 29014: 28129: 27686: 27651: 27646: 27589: 27572: 27302: 26713: 26708: 26583: 26306: 25857: 25840: 25816: 25709: 25704: 25651: 25473: 25441: 25249: 25234: 24824: 24799: 24784: 24126: 23729: 23669: 23596: 23394: 23166: 23010: 22726: 22721: 22477: 22262: 21972: 21784: 21479: 21434: 21399: 21329: 21314: 21250: 20999: 20939: 20816: 20173: 19958: 19754: 19678:"The Clinton–Cornwallis Controversy and Responsibility for the British Surrender at Yorktown" 19279:

The British Soldier in America: A Social History of Military Life in the Revolutionary Period

19219:

Revolutionary War Almanac Almanacs of American wars Facts on File library of American history

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Valiant Ambition: George Washington, Benedict Arnold, and the Fate of the American Revolution

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landed in Rhode Island with an independent command of about 6000 troops, and in 1781 Admiral

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earlier, and he was relieved after the heavy losses incurred at the Battle of Bunker Hill in

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sided with the Americans and the British respectively, which further exacerbated the split.

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to purchase munitions for the Patriots, carried in neutral Dutch ships and imported through

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Davies, Wallace Evan (July 1939). "Privateering around Long Island during the Revolution".

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Olsen, Alison G (1992). "Eighteenth-Century Colonial Legislatures and Their Constituents".

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When Lafayette entered Virginia, Cornwallis complied with Clinton's orders and withdrew to

4250: 4214: 3987: 3716: 3534: 3373: 3361: 3334:

on September 13. He asked Clinton for support while constructing defenses around the town.

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on December 9 and took refuge on British ships anchored near the port of Norfolk. When the

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The board of inquiry was convened by Sir Henry Clinton into Army accounts and expenditures

15450:

The Hessian Mercenary State: Ideas, Institutions, and Reform Under Frederick II, 1760–1785

3859: 2817:, while in December an uprising in Nova Scotia sponsored by Massachusetts was defeated at 2484:

On July 2, Congress voted for independence and published the declaration on July 4, which

1850:, which restored Patriot confidence. In the summer of 1777, as Howe was poised to capture 683: 8: 29223: 29139: 28949: 28665: 28350: 27981: 27178: 26788: 26738: 26693: 26683: 26668: 26658: 26643: 26623: 26598: 26588: 26578: 26332: 26152: 26142: 25584: 25333: 25026: 24944: 24939: 24889: 24789: 24657: 24397: 24210: 24168: 23621: 23488: 23246: 23065: 22955: 22839: 22782: 22666: 22651: 22519: 22165: 21922: 21545: 21424: 21404: 21389: 21369: 21354: 21125: 20924: 20654: 20558: 20397: 20372: 19638: 19374: 19260:

Encyclopedia of the American Revolutionary War: A Political, Social, and Military History

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The Spirit of 'Seventy-Six': The Story of the American Revolution as told by Participants

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Le Pacte de famille et l'Amérique: La politique coloniale franco-espagnole de 1760 à 1792

16651:

A Man of Distinction among Them: Alexander McKee and the Ohio Country Frontier, 1754–1799

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The Drillmaster at Valley Forge: The Baron de Steuben and the Making of the American Army

16012:

Benedict Arnold's Army: The 1775 American Invasion of Canada during the Revolutionary War

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war was inevitable. After Boston, Gage halted operations and awaited reinforcements; the

2308: 2261: 2004: 1960: 1875: 1863: 1847: 1768: 1683: 1644: 1237: 957: 50: 31: 19179:, "Whose Revolution?: The history of the United States' founding from below" (review of 18900:"Psychological Warfare in 1776: The Jefferson-Franklin Plan to Cause Hessian Desertions" 18601: 17812: 16962:

The Toll of Independence: Engagements & Battle Casualties of the American Revolution

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History of George Rogers Clark's Conquest of the Illinois and the Wabash Towns 1778–1779

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attacked and robbed British merchant ships and raided and robbed coastal communities of

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was known to visit and provide aid to her husband George at various American camps, and

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on September 8, Cornwallis withdrew to Charleston with little to show for his campaign.

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on March 15. Although victorious, Cornwallis suffered heavy casualties and retreated to

2985:

in Nova Scotia, Howe was determined to take the fight to the Americans. He set sail for

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Treaties and Other International Acts of the United States of America: 1776–1818

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Stop the Revolution: America in the Summer of Independence and the Conference for Peace

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The Hessians and the other German auxiliaries of Great Britain in the revolutionary war

15737: 15645: 15470:"Losses of the Military and Naval Forces Engaged in the War of the American Revolution" 15433: 15343: 15261:

The War of American Independence: Military Attitudes, Policies, and Practice, 1763–1789

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Forgotten Patriots: The Untold Story of American Prisoners During the Revolutionary War

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George Washington's Opponents: British Generals and Admirals in the American Revolution

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were seized by enemy forces during the war among Americans, French, Spanish, and Dutch.

6930:

during British conflicts worldwide 1775–1784; approximately a quarter of whom had been

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Sixty-five percent of Britain's German auxiliaries employed in North America were from

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To prevent Howe's forces in Philadelphia being resupplied by sea, the Patriots erected

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hostility of his language annoyed even Loyalist members of Congress. Combined with the

2285: 2202: 2158: 2122: 2118:, particularly for the poorer classes, and quickly became a source of much discontent. 2063: 1811:

by the Congress in Philadelphia on July 2, 1776, and the unanimous ratification of the

640: 18187:"The Conquest of Scurvy in the Royal Navy 1793–1800: A Challenge to Current Orthodoxy" 17740:

Three Victories and a Defeat: The Rise and Fall of the First British Empire, 1714–1783

17655:"The Foundation of British Strength": National Identity and the British Common Soldier 17023: 5628:. British sponsorship of local warfare on the U.S. continued until the Anglo-American 5478:. Although active in the preliminaries, he was not a signer of the conclusive treaty. 3934:

In July 1780, Congress appointed Gates commander in the south; he was defeated at the

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Continental Congress abandoned the revolutionary capital of Philadelphia and moved to

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and bring about the expulsion or 'extermination' of local Indians." (pp. 34–35.)

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Schmidt, H. D. (1958). "'The Hessian mercenaries: the career of a political cliche".

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campaign destroyed more than 40 Iroquois villages and 160,000 bushels (4,000 mts) of

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on June 28, 1776, but it failed and left the South under Patriot control until 1780.

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If By Sea: The Forging of the American Navy – from the Revolution to the War of 1812

11787: 11752:"Sybil Ludington, the Female Paul Revere: The Making of a Revolutionary War Heroine" 7084: 6610:

Tallmadge's cover name became John Bolton, and he was the architect of the spy ring.

2193:. Tensions escalated following the destruction of a customs vessel in the June 1772 29122: 28969: 28675: 28495: 27505: 27346: 27329: 27324: 27163: 26773: 26653: 26618: 26516: 26431: 26426: 25917: 25355: 25318: 25244: 25202: 25098: 25058: 24859: 24854: 24607: 24595: 24589: 24547: 24451: 24421: 24336: 24156: 24138: 24120: 24090: 23705: 23554: 23494: 23271: 23171: 23040: 23020: 22935: 22611: 22575: 22447: 22133: 22098: 22007: 21992: 21977: 21937: 21749: 21439: 21120: 21115: 21029: 20954: 20904: 20806: 20695: 20690: 20376: 20272: 20217: 19691: 19595:

The First Emancipator: Slavery, Religion, and the Quiet Revolution of Robert Carter

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Black Patriots and Loyalists: Fighting for Emancipation in the War for Independence

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Setting the World Ablaze: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and the American Revolution

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The French Navy and American Independence: A Study of Arms and Diplomacy, 1774–1787

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Twenty percent of Britain's German auxiliaries employed in North America were from

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Although Spain ultimately made important contributions to American success, in the

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The Southern Strategy: Britain's Conquest of South Carolina and Georgia, 1775–1780

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European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States and Its Dependencies

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13,000 Natives fought on the British side, with the largest group coming from the

4472:

The Second Continental Congress, meeting in Philadelphia, stood to benefit if the

3772:, effectively ending their ambitions in New Jersey. In July, Washington appointed 2953: 2552:. The war became a stalemate in the north in 1779, so the British initiated their 28831: 28607: 28505: 28277: 27577: 27510: 27279: 27200: 27146: 26841: 26778: 26733: 26633: 25639: 25572: 25468: 25429: 25313: 25256: 25128: 25031: 24929: 24849: 24844: 24794: 24499: 24439: 24378: 24372: 24300: 24180: 24084: 24066: 23717: 23639: 23201: 22985: 22975: 22641: 22467: 22012: 21952: 21917: 21907: 21304: 21225: 21153: 21098: 21009: 20978: 20934: 20867: 20826: 20786: 20775: 20745: 20504: 20307: 20125: 20073: 20004:

Rochambeau in Connecticut, Tracing His Journey: Historic and Architectural Survey

20002: 19904: 19712: 19514: 19472: 19297: 19238: 19217: 19134: 18990: 18924: 18834: 18578: 18557: 18536: 18507: 18478: 18429: 18365:

The Writings of George Washington: from the Original Manuscript Sources 1745–1799

18318: 18241: 18217: 18100: 18029: 17984: 17929: 17908: 17892:. Vol. 4. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, United States Army. 17759: 17738: 17683: 17615: 17528: 17509: 17488: 17436: 17415: 17394: 17329: 17251: 17230: 17196: 17152: 17131: 17002: 16981: 16960: 16869: 16827: 16806: 16748: 16649: 16606: 16551: 16527: 16506: 16485: 16440: 16429: 16381: 16364: 16327: 16271: 16236: 16194: 16115: 16092: 16055: 16034: 16010: 15948: 15868: 15825: 15762: 15741: 15717: 15696: 15658: 15608: 15553: 15529: 15508: 15487: 15322: 15301: 15280: 15259: 15235: 15214: 15190: 15158: 15058: 15026: 15005: 14956:

Washington's General: Nathanael Greene and the Triumph of the American Revolution

14934: 14873: 14862: 14838: 14765: 14741: 14720: 14664: 14643: 14622: 14528: 14507: 14419: 14398: 14369: 14348: 14262: 14241: 14169: 14114: 14079: 14058: 14037: 14005: 13984: 13963: 13908: 13883: 13820:

A Good and Wise Measure: The Search for the Canadian-American Boundary, 1783–1842

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Britain's extended post-war policy for the U.S. continued to try to establish an

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pursued Washington, but Howe ordered him to halt, leaving Washington unmolested.

3059:

Howe met with a delegation from the Second Continental Congress at the September

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This article is about military actions primarily. For origins and aftermath, see

20145: 18890:

A state of the expedition from Canada : as laid before the House of commons

18873:

Proceedings of a Board of general officers of the British army at New York, 1781

18088:

George the Third and Charles Fox: the concluding part of The American revolution

17887: 14666:

Spain's Contribution to the independence of the United States: An Intrinsic Gift

13341:

Canada v Guadeloupe in Britain's old colonial empire: the Peace of Paris of 1763

7571:

Lawrence S. Kaplan, "The Treaty of Paris, 1783: A Historiographical Challenge",

6833:

stretching east along Lake Ontario. In the Northwest Territory, they garrisoned

5370:

war in America or in Europe; Germain advocated the former, Sandwich the latter.

3652: 3005:

was given orders to form an elite group for reconnaissance and secret missions.

2878:

to reassert British rule in the South, but they were decisively defeated in the

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George Washington's Secret Six: The Spy Ring That Saved the American Revolution

19442:

Kepner, K. (February 1945). "A British View of the Siege of Charleston, 1776".

18532: 14601: 14325:

Parliamentary Register, House of Commons, Fifteenth Parliament of Great Britain

5552: 5142: 4876: 4486: 4478: 4461: 4445: 4441: 4295: 4191: 4078: 4063: 3754: 3735: 3542:, a problem that could only get worse once the United States replaced Britain. 3514: 3495: 3459: 3400: 3357: 3151: 3071:

the following day. On October 18, Howe failed to encircle the Americans at the

3053: 2898: 2806: 2625: 2575: 2369: 2198: 2190: 2186: 2171: 2167: 2096: 2059: 2046:

was designed to achieve these aims by refocusing colonial expansion north into

1988: 1908: 1879: 1839: 1808: 1780: 1776: 1764: 1741: 1721: 1717: 568: 468: 177: 63: 20276: 20221: 17590: 5597: 5357:, Prime Minister since 1770, delegated control of the war in North America to 4166:

advance on New Orleans was repelled by Spanish Governor Gálvez's offensive on

4095:

settlers, and Indian allies commanded by Colonel George Rogers Clark captured

2548:, supported by Francophone settlers and their Indian allies, which became the 29732: 28282: 27582: 27391: 27026: 25731: 25508: 24637: 24613: 24511: 24505: 24403: 23771: 23657: 23627: 23414: 22671: 22646: 22626: 22616: 22361: 22128: 22113: 22103: 22083: 22032: 22002: 21997: 21932: 21759: 21613: 21019: 20877: 20675: 20513: 18884: 18498: 17477: 16190: 15918: 15429: 14451:

The German Allied Troops in the North American War of Independence, 1776–1783

14336:

The correspondence of King George the Third with Lord North from 1768 to 1783

14189: 13291: 12691: 11779: 6753: 6678: 6652: 6598: 6534: 6028: 5916: 5441: 5421: 5303: 5295: 5291: 5283: 5152: 5130: 5064: 4622: 4588: 4226: 3955: 3734:

from July to September 1779. Involving more than 4,000 patriot soldiers, the

3708: 3602: 3424: 3313: 2990: 2893:

A shortage of gunpowder led Congress to authorize a naval expedition against

2871: 2774: 2700: 2620: 2489: 2454: 2350: 2291:

While denying its authority over internal American affairs, a faction led by

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Geschichte der kurhannoverschen Truppen: in Gibraltar, Menorca und Ostindien

13925: 13181:

To Begin the World Anew: The Genius and Ambiguities of the American Founders

6494:. In later engagements, Galvez had 800 regulars from New Orleans to assault 6415:

5,000 sailors (peak), manning privateers, an additional 55,000 total sailors

5241:

against American settlers for decades after hostilities with Britain ended.

3802: 3781: 3082:

Washington's retreat isolated his remaining forces and the British captured

3013:, became the Army's first intelligence unit. When Washington was driven off 2205:, which dominated the British economy; to support it, Parliament passed the 28589: 28561: 27616: 25720: 25656: 25197: 24481: 24324: 24198: 23849: 23819: 23602: 23460: 23226: 22889: 22872:

Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States

22834: 22621: 22356: 22073: 22053: 22027: 21947: 21754: 21699: 21684: 21530: 21515: 21510: 21039: 20969: 20770: 20755: 20649: 20617: 20473:

was created from a revision of this article dated 16 October 2022

19914: 19802: 19180: 17856: 14975:"A Very Large British Military Investment for Very Little Practical Profit" 14503: 14389: 14137:

The Organization of the British Army in the American Revolution, Conclusion

13571: 6834: 6830: 6727: 6538: 6454: 6440:. An additional 750 French troops participated with the Spanish assault on 5935: 5896: 5877: 5814: 5735: 5730: 5686: 5625: 5596:

The expanse of territory that was now the U.S. was ceded from its colonial

5585: 5506: 5312: 5199: 4806: 4773: 4652: 4571:

wartime, but there were never more than 90,000 men under arms at any time.

4346: 3931:

signaled widespread resistance to the new oaths throughout South Carolina.

3863: 3416: 3415:

On December 19, the Americans followed suit and entered winter quarters at

3380: 3279: 3254: 3165: 3161: 2902: 2665: 2661: 2568:

and their surrender in October 1781 effectively ended fighting in America.

2466: 2420: 2130: 2024: 1948: 1944: 1823: 1299: 1293: 1229: 843: 608: 540: 514: 509: 274: 270: 239: 24144: 22573: 19384: 17822:

Franklin, Benjamin; Lee, Arthur; Adams, John (1829). Sparks, Jared (ed.).

17814:

Our Struggle for the Fourteenth Colony: Canada and the American Revolution

17803:

Our Struggle for the Fourteenth Colony: Canada and the American Revolution

16781: 14229: 13513:

Fighting for America: The Struggle for Mastery in North America, 1519–1871

13212: 12656:

See David Lundberg and Henry F. May, "The Enlightened Reader in America",

5133:

of labor rather than to end slavery; Loyalist-owned slaves were returned.

4517: 3391:

in the river south of the city. This was supported by a small flotilla of

3156:

Washington's covert crossing of the Delaware River on December 25–26, 1776

2855:

refused to disband its militia or accept martial law, Dunmore ordered the

2003:

The French and Indian War, part of the wider global conflict known as the

1858:. In October 1777, a separate northern British force under the command of 1807:

in August 1775. The stakes of the war were formalized with passage of the

28866: 28397: 27734: 27636: 27376: 27239: 26995: 25612: 25540: 25456: 25276: 25001: 24601: 24246: 24042: 23976: 23783: 23633: 23241: 23216: 23206: 23136: 22123: 22078: 21982: 21902: 21789: 21189: 21184: 19421:(1). Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture: 115–138. 19198: 18926:

Founding Fighters: The Battlefield Leaders Who Made American Independence

17530:

The Battle for New York: The city at the heart of the American Revolution

15420: 15403: 13602:

The Road to Guilford Courthouse: The American Revolution in the Carolinas

13591:

Empire Or Independence A Study in the Failure Of Reconciliation 1774–1783

13050:(4). Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture: 344–360. 11770: 11751: 6947: 6931: 6769: 6594: 6334: 6268: 5832: 5760: 5690: 5613: 5560: 5502: 4802: 4429: 4280: 4222: 4199: 4071: 3403:. An attempt by the Royal Navy to take the forts in the October 20 to 22 3384: 3275: 3207: 3022: 3014: 3010: 2958: 2914:

supplies back home, when he departed on March 17. A month later, after a

2894: 2669: 2645: 2502: 2292: 2047: 1791:

in mid-1774. A British attempt to disarm the Americans and the resulting

1085: 667: 504: 235: 19823: 19703: 19405: 19356:

The Founding of a Nation: A History of the American Revolution 1763–1776

19094: 17931:

The Genesis of the French Revolution: A Global Historical Interpretation

17867:

The history of the origin, progress, and termination of the American war

17569: 17297: 16789: 16227: 15649: 13270: 13220: 7655:"The Payment of Provincial and Local Taxes in North Carolina, 1748–1771" 5168:. White Loyalists transported 15,000 enslaved blacks to Jamaica and the 4275: 2574:

served in the American Revolutionary War both as soldiers and officers.

663: 653: 27729: 27535: 27361: 27356: 27274: 25699: 25607: 25513: 25446: 25219: 24048: 23970: 23681: 23518: 23231: 23070: 23055: 22283: 22048: 21962: 21830: 20842: 20801: 20581: 20380: 20339:

The Hessians: And the Other German Auxiliaries in the Revolutionary War

20284: 20229: 19849: 19463: 19434: 19338: 19317:

Grant, John N. (1973). "Black Immigrants into Nova Scotia, 1776–1815".

19189: 19176: 18915: 18899: 18730: 18654:. Industry Canada: Canada's Digital Collections Program. Archived from 17953:

The Royal Navy in European Waters During the American Revolutionary War

17598: 17519: 17360: 17232:

The Authority to Tax: Constitutional History of the American Revolution

17070: 16739: 16094:

Hell on the East River: British Prison Ships in the American Revolution

15555:

The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Volume 4: October 1780 to February 1781

13387:

Revolutionary Mothers. Women in the Struggle for America's Independence

13239:

Spies of Revolutionary Connecticut: From Benedict Arnold to Nathan Hale

13095:

The Hessians: Mercenaries from Hessen-Kassel in the American Revolution

13063: 12787: 12699: 12645: 7680: 7654: 6943: 6927: 6852: 6822: 6656: 6624: 6473:, then offloaded 3,000 troops and siege cannon to support Washington's 6379:

Europe on May 12, 1784. Hostilities in India continued until July 1783.

5899:

stamp, issued on the 150th anniversary of American independence in 1926

5802: 5629: 5433: 5320: 5040: 4284: 4144: 4112: 3852: 3777: 3234: 3037: 2731: 2730:

outside Boston rather than assaulting it. In early March 1776, Colonel

2474: 2446: 2346: 2016: 1032: 915: 758: 593: 25535: 18747: 18602:"The Role of Spain in the American Revolution: An Unavoidable Mistake" 16947:(Thesis). Faculty of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. 16172:

The Major Operations of the Navies in the War of American Independence

14909:

Bayonets in the Wilderness. Anthony Waynes Legion in the Old Northwest

14472: 13474:. Exeter, UK: University of Exeter Press. pp. 95–120, here: 105. 6942:

deficiency. It was not until 1795 that scurvy was eradicated from the

6909:

British returns in 1783 listed 43,633 rank and file deaths across the

6743:

Laurens was president of the Second Continental Congress at this time.

4667:

John Paul Jones became the first American naval hero when he captured

3598:, whom Congress via Dean appointed a major general, on July 31, 1777. 3225:

After his success at Princeton, Washington entered winter quarters at

1979: 1767:

gained dominance in North America with victory over the French in the

29218: 29211: 25365: 24984: 24834: 24463: 24216: 24036: 23126: 23015: 22160: 20919: 20765: 19013:

The military forces of the crown; their administration and government

15660:

Encyclopedia of British, Provincial, and German Army Units, 1775–1783

14028:

The military forces of the crown; their administration and government

13137:

Mercenaries: A guide to Private Armies and Private Military Companies

13042:

Armour, Alexander W. (October 1941). "Revolutionary War Discharges".

12962:

American Revolution, Seventeen Seventy Five to Seventeen Eighty-Three

12920:

Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society: Campaign of 1777

11834: 6959: 6939: 6469:

left the West Indies to defeat the British fleet off Virginia at the

6113:

List of United States militia units in the American Revolutionary War

5260: 4738: 4512: 4509:

Militia (United States) § American Revolutionary War (1775-1783)

4320: 4132: 3883:

on February 14, 1779, although this was offset by British victory at

3574: 3530: 3487: 3104: 2560:. The campaign was initially successful, with the British capture of 2138: 2134: 2102: 1855: 1737: 1687: 578: 181: 94: 19455: 19426: 19330: 17438:

Capital Cities: Varieties and Patterns of Development and Relocation

17352: 17062: 16731: 16262:. New York, The Macmillan Company; London, Macmillan & Co., ltd. 15084:

The First Way of War: American War Making on the Frontier, 1607–1814

14301:"That time when Spanish New Orleans helped America win independence" 14203:. Vol. IV. Washington, D.C. Carnegie Institution of Washington. 13055: 12779: 12683: 7672: 5036: 3387:

on the east and west banks of the Delaware respectively, and placed

2722:. Washington previously commanded Virginia militia regiments in the 2177:

In April 1772, colonialists staged the first American tax revolt in

1574: 230:

Great Britain cedes generally, all mainland territories east of the

27401: 27351: 25741: 25679: 25451: 25370: 24192: 23409: 23296: 23266: 22990: 22093: 20750: 20068:(1989), newly drawn maps emphasizing the movement of military units 18344:

The war for independence and the transformation of American society

14743:

A Well-Executed Failure: The Sullivan Campaign against the Iroquois

13116:

The Real History of the American Revolution: A New Look at the Past

13024:

In the Common Cause: American Response to the Coercive Acts of 1774

12726:

Cogliano, Francis D. (2010). "Revisiting the American Revolution".

6761: 6590: 5466: 5457:

scientist with influence in the courts of European great powers in

5429: 5248: 5244: 5222: 5215: 5092:

fought until her gender was discovered and discharged as a result;

4335: 4254: 4091: 3764:

to retake New Jersey, but they were halted by local militia at the

3290: 3230: 2805:

British pursuit was initially blocked by American naval vessels on

2368:

After the Patriot victory at Concord, moderates in Congress led by

2237:

cause locally, in the British Parliament, and in the London press.

1834:. Howe captured New York City in November. Washington responded by 1771:

in 1763, tensions and disputes arose between Great Britain and the

944: 773: 763: 588: 20095:"The Little-Remembered Ally Who Helped America Win the Revolution" 17218:"Anti-Indian Radicalisation in the Early American West, 1774–1795" 17024:"Massacre or Myth? Banastre Tarleton at the Waxhaws, May 29, 1780" 15587:

Crucible of Power: A History of American Foreign Relations to 1913

13944:

Spain and the Independence of the United States: An Intrinsic Gift

13757:

The Scratch of a Pen: 1763 and the Transformation of North America

12537:

Novus Ordo Seclorum: The Intellectual Origins of the Constitution,

10557:

USMA History Dept., Map: "American Revolution Principal Campaigns"

3412:

from December 5 to 8, he withdrew to Philadelphia for the winter.

20796: 19960:

A Great Improvisation: Franklin, France, and the Birth of America

18411:

The New Cambridge History of American Foreign Relations: Volume 1

15007:

South Carolina and the American Revolution: A Battlefield History

6923: 5880:

issue of 1926 on the 150th anniversary of American independence.

5764: 5264: 5169: 5014: 4218: 4195: 4020: 3916: 3644:

Northern theater of the American Revolutionary War after Saratoga

3578: 3168:, the last U.S. president to fight in the Revolutionary War as a 2695:

In May 1775, 4,500 British reinforcements arrived under Generals

2206: 2051: 1932: 1708:

During the war, North American Patriot forces had the support of

783: 598: 583: 255: 22714:

Extra Continental regiments and Additional Continental regiments

20053:

Stoker, Donald, Kenneth J. Hagan, and Michael T. McMaster, eds.

17083:

Spain, Britain and the American Revolution in Florida, 1763–1783

15950:

Defenders Of Liberty: African Americans in the Revolutionary War

14936:

Forgotten Allies: The Oneida Indians and the American Revolution

14603:

A Leap in the Dark: The Struggle to Create the American Republic

14567:

Moses Hazen and the Canadian Refugees in the American Revolution

14463: 14243:

Naval Blockades in Peace and War: An Economic History since 1750

12829:

Empire and Nation: The American Revolution in the Atlantic World

12754:

Empire and Nation: The American Revolution in the Atlantic World

11227:, vol. 12 – 1776, 5:93, Howe to Germain, June 7 and July 7, 1776 2929:, the base for American naval operations during the Revolution. 22936:

Armed conflicts involving the Armed Forces of the United States

20055:

Strategy in the American War of Independence: a global approach

20015:

The World of the American Revolution: A Daily Life Encyclopedia

19185:

Liberty Is Sweet: The Hidden History of the American Revolution

18765:"Continental Congress: Remarks on the Provisional Peace Treaty" 17278:

Andrew Pickens: South Carolina Patriot in the Revolutionary War

17198:

Strategy in the American War of Independence: A Global Approach

15894:. Translated by Cameron, Margaret M. Harvard University Press. 15610:

A Necessary Evil?: Slavery and the Debate Over the Constitution

15531:

Liberty's Exiles: American Loyalists in the Revolutionary World

12903:

National Museum, United States Army, Army Historical Foundation

9792:"Massacre & Retribution: The 1779-1780 Sullivan Expedition" 6935: 6238:

Including the United Colonies period from 1776 to 1781 and the

5548: 5453:

had become a celebrity in the French Court, but he was also an

5334: 4155: 4154:

as part of a wider operation to clear American resistance from

4067: 3840: 3195:, located about 30 miles upriver from Philadelphia, to today's 3049: 2685: 1928: 613: 603: 573: 259: 251: 20428:

from Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture

18864:

Angel in the Whirlwind: The Triumph of the American Revolution

18693:. William L. Clements Library / The Maryland State House. 2007 15303:

Diplomacy and Revolution: The Franco-American Alliance of 1778

14878:. Little, Brown, & Company – via Google Books ebook. 14837:

Freeman, Douglas Southall; Harwell, Richard Barksdale (2011).

14007:

The British Officer: Leading the Army from 1660 to the present

12860:

Scott Specialized Catalogue of United States Stamps and Covers

11281:, vol. 15 – 1778, 5:96, Clinton to Germain, September 15, 1778 7028:"Indian Patriots from Eastern Massachusetts: Six Perspectives" 6821:

For the thirteen years prior to the Anglo-American commercial

5719: 4051:, allowed the Americans to import supplies and munitions into 3601:

When the war started, Britain tried to borrow the Dutch-based

3079:, and instead attacked a hill that was of no strategic value. 532: 19795:

America Goes to War: A Social History of the Continental Army

18031:

Urban World History: an Economic and Geographical Perspective

16871:

George Washington and Benedict Arnold: A Tale of Two Patriots

15681:"Jean-Baptiste-Donatien de Vimeur, Count de Rochambeau" 15365:"Revolutionary Spies: Women Spies of the American Revolution" 15075:

Collection of essays focused on political and social history.

13265:(4). North Carolina Office of Archives and History: 548–550. 11293:, vol. 18 – 1780, 5:100, Clinton to Germain, October 31, 1780 6951: 6730:

as the Navy's first commander. The Marine Corps links to the

6295:

with British Canadien militia recruited from western Quebec (

5693:

against the disease was one of his most important decisions.

3739: 3521:

On February 6, 1778, France and the United States signed the

3506: 2185:

against the British royal authority later referred to as the

1936: 768: 633: 278: 17617:

British Foreign Policy in the Age of the American Revolution

15698:

Jamestown, Quebec, Santa Fe: Three North American Beginnings

15385:

Major General Israel Putnam: Hero of the American Revolution

15192:

From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign Relations since 1776

6705:

and Isla Mallorca, and adjacent the Indian Ocean during the

6103:

List of Continental Forces in the American Revolutionary War

2229:. The British Parliament responded by passing the so-called 1826:

out of Boston in March 1776, and British commander in chief

207:

would not recognize American independence until signing the

19376:

The Yorktown Campaign and the Surrender of Cornwallis, 1781

18992:

United States Diplomatic History: From Revolution to Empire

18818:

A selection of works relating to the war not listed above;

18053:. Florida Frontiers Article, The Florida Historical Society 16508:

The Peacemakers: The Great Powers and American Independence

15387:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. 12800: 6955: 4202:. The Americans responded with a major offensive along the 3844: 3673:

newly installed Clinton continued his retreat to New York.

3586: 3191:, leading a column of Continental Army troops from today's 2039:

also avoided the cost of an expensive military occupation.

19258:

Fremont-Barnes, Gregory; Ryerson, Richard A, eds. (2006).

18966:(1994). Short (48 pp), very well illustrated descriptions. 18628:"Which Side Benefitted the Most from the Native Americans" 17761:

The Old Northwest in the American Revolution: An Anthology

16349:"Naval Resources and the British Defeat at Yorktown, 1781" 16259:

The history of South Carolina in the Revolution, 1775–1780

16196:

American scripture: making the Declaration of Independence

15970:

Minnesota's Boundary with Canada: Its Evolution Since 1783

15910:

Colonial and Revolutionary History of Upper South Carolina

15743:

The Winter Soldiers: The Battles for Trenton and Princeton

14645:

Whirlwind: The American Revolution and the War That Won It

5047:

soldiers who barged into her home intending to ransack it.

3814: 3699:

In July 1779, the Americans captured British positions at

3605:

for service in America, but pro-Patriot sentiment led the

20945:

Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms

20357:(1994). Short (48pp), very well illustrated descriptions. 20350:(1994). Short (48pp), very well illustrated descriptions. 19651:(1993). Short (48pp), very well illustrated descriptions. 18243:

Traitorous Hero: The Life and Fortunes of Benedict Arnold

18147:"An Overview of American Intelligence Until World War II" 17817:. Vol. 1. New York & London: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 17806:. Vol. 1. New York & London: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 17396:

Washington's Spies: The Story of America's First Spy Ring

16434:(in Spanish). Imprenta de la Revista Médica. p. 356. 15806:

Victory at Yorktown: The Campaign That Won the Revolution

14234:

Colonial Office Series: Great Britain, America and Canada

6044:

History of Poles in the United States#American Revolution

5863: 5831:

that demanded consent of the governed and deeply opposed

3199:, in a logistically challenging and dangerous operation. 2378:

Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms

1887:, though Spain did not formally ally with the Americans. 19906:

The new complete history of the United States of America

19495:

Conspiracy Theories in American History: An Encyclopedia

17825:

The diplomatic correspondence of the American Revolution

14530:

Revolutionary Summer: The Birth of American Independence

12529: 12337:, U.S. Congress and "Tribes Northwest of the Ohio River" 9345: 6980:

Year dates enclosed in denote year of original printing

6098:

List of British Forces in the American Revolutionary War

4107:. In early 1779, the Virginians counter-attacked in the 3032:

Washington split the Continental Army into positions on

2189:. This occurrence would later inspire the design of the 2166:. The Massacre coincided with the partial repeal of the 1894:

intended to take the war against the Americans into the

1732:

from Germany for assistance. The conflict was fought in

1674:(April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the 20401:, a treatise on light infantry tactics written in 1789. 20329:"The Hessians Who Escaped Washington's Trap at Trenton" 18362:

Washington, George (1932). Fitzpatrick, John C. (ed.).

16906:

American Foreign Relations, Volume 1: A History to 1920

14350:

The Military Experience in the Age of Reason, 1715–1789

13407:"The American Revolution and the Black Loyalist Exodus" 11803:"Did the Midnight Ride of Sibyl Ludington Ever Happen?" 8685: 8683: 8681: 5689:

suggests that Washington's decision to have his troops

4772:

argues Patriot victory was nothing short of a miracle,

4190:, was extreme "even for frontier standards." It led to 3052:

without any losses in men or ordnance, leaving General

1783:. The resulting British military occupation led to the 20556: 19877:. Vol. 4. Philadelphia : M. Carey & Son. 19811:

Historical record of the Royal Marine Forces, Volume 2

19661:

George Washington's Mount Vernon: Digital Encyclopedia

19400:(360). Society for Army Historical Research: 280–290. 18782:"Overview of History and Significance of Valley Forge" 18451:"Spanish casualties in The American Revolutionary war" 18010:

American Revolutions: A Continental History, 1750–1804

16329:

The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution, 1763–1789

15764:

Saratoga: Turning Point of America's Revolutionary War

14060:

The British Isles and the War of American Independence

13492:

War for America: The Fight for Independence, 1775–1783

9809: 6182:

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier of the American Revolution

5840:

decades have often cited three motivations behind it:

5805:

and other enlightenment age writers and philosophers.

5729:, meaning "A New Age Now Begins", is paraphrased from 5378:

in effect for three years until Clinton was relieved.

4793:

Loyalist (American Revolution) § Military service

29804:

Wars between the United Kingdom and the United States

29694: 20175:

The Encyclopedia of African American Military History

19257: 18145:

U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (December 5, 2007).

17151:—— (2011) . Memory F. Blackwelder (ed.). 16544:

with Henry Steele Commager as chief consulting editor

16526:

Morris, Richard B.; Morris, Jeffrey B., eds. (1982).

15282:

George Washington and the American Military Tradition

14081:

Revolutionary America, 1763–1815: A Political History

13468:"Naval Power, Strategy and Foreign Policy, 1775–1791" 13355:

The American Secretaries of State and Their Diplomacy

12539:

pp. 6–7, Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1985.

12447: 12445: 6619:

The American prisoners were subsequently sent to the

6172:

List of plays and films about the American Revolution

6034:

Christianity in the United States#American Revolution

4103:, though Vincennes was recaptured by Quebec Governor 3458:

with U.S. warships in European waters with access to

2932: 1682:, was an armed conflict that was part of the broader 20412:

Library of Congress Guide to the American Revolution

19824:"General Bernardo Galvez in the American Revolution" 19619:"Revolutionary War: Groping Toward Peace, 1781–1783" 18483:. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press. 18370:

George Washington Bicentennial Edition in 35 volumes

16466:

Irish Opinion and the American Revolution, 1760–1783

13309:

The first American Civil War, first period 1775–1778

13000:

Allison, David K; Ferreiro, Larrie D., eds. (2018).

12928:—— (1963) . Jameson, J. Franklin (ed.). 8678: 7607: 7605: 6125:

Economic history of the US: Colonial economy to 1780

6069: 5190:

Category:Native Americans in the American Revolution

5176:, and those from Charleston who helped garrison the 4997:

Patriots and Loyalists. After Congress rejected the

4730:

The decisive American victory at Saratoga convinced

4660:, which ultimately evolved into, and was named, the 4323:

and cause the collapse of Patriot resistance in the

4081:

was halted by adverse weather. Later in the year, a

3325:; despite defeating an American relief force at the 3297:

moved east from Lake Ontario. The two would meet at

3044:, Howe outflanked Washington and forced him back to 20127:

Blue Water Patriots: The American Revolution Afloat

19394:

Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research

18964:

The French Army in the American War of Independence

18786:

Valley Forge National Historical Park, Pennsylvania

18261:——; Ray, Michael (September 21, 2015). 17176:

Robert Morris: Financier of the American Revolution

14788:Fleming, Thomas (2005) . Barbara J. Mitnick (ed.). 13437:

Rebels and Redcoats: The American Revolutionary War

6108:

List of infantry weapons in the American Revolution

6022: 4436:The third element was a global war between France, 2027:, inhabited largely by French and Spanish-speaking 304: 20417:Bibliographies of the War of American Independence 18748:"Privateers and Mariners in the Revolutionary War" 18051:"The Last Naval Battle of the American Revolution" 17950: 17834: 17707: 17173: 16142:The influence of sea power upon history, 1660–1783 15690:. Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 15474:The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 15160:A Few Bloody Noses: The American Revolutionary War 14772:. Vol. 1. Cambridge, MA: The Riverside Press. 14560:. Vol. 09 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 789. 14197:Davenport, Frances G; Paullin, Charles O. (1917). 13867:. Westport, Connecticut; London: Greenwood Press. 13713:. Press of the New Era Printing Company. pp. 12442: 11397: 11395: 6086: 6017:Naval operations in the American Revolutionary War 5400: 4787:British Army during the American Revolutionary War 4111:and took Hamilton prisoner. Clark secured western 3798:Southern theater of the American Revolutionary War 3573:outside America, in return for help in recovering 3240: 3129:George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River 2813:on October 11 forced the Americans to withdraw to 2311:and Britain and barred New England ships from the 160:April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783 19778:. National Institute of Health. November 14, 2016 18904:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 17490:A Guide to the Battles of the American Revolution 17334:. Center of Military History, United States Army. 15476:. Vol. XXVII, no. 1. pp. 176–205. 14421:Medical Men in the American Revolution, 1775–1783 13885:The Oxford Companion to American Military History 13733:The Loyalists in Revolutionary America, 1760–1781 13620:—— (1860). O'Callaghan, E. B. (ed.). 13242:. Charleston, South Carolina: The History Press. 12923:. Vol. 44. Massachusetts Historical Society. 11724:"Was There Really a Teenage, Female Paul Revere?" 8121: 8119: 8117: 7617: 7602: 6465:, with little result. In September 1781, Admiral 6007:Financial costs of the American Revolutionary War 5823:was far more widely read than were his political 5612:below the Great Lakes as late as 1814 during the 4349:to defend the French West Indies allowed Admiral 4016:Western theater of the American Revolutionary War 3730:in New York and Pennsylvania led to the punitive 3715:. In July, a large American naval operation, the 3648:Western theater of the American Revolutionary War 3293:down the Hudson Valley, while a detachment under 2750:, while Washington moved south to New York City. 29730: 28430:Native American recognition in the United States 24679: 20309:The Creation of the American Republic, 1776–1787 19980:Revolutionary Virginia, the Road to Independence 18559:Friends Divided: John Adams and Thomas Jefferson 17875:Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sidney, eds. (1885–1900). 17459:The American Revolution in the Southern colonies 17299:The History of the French Military Medical Corps 16693:Pre-removal Choctaw history: exploring new paths 16389:. Vol. II. U.S. Government Printing Office. 16297:. Camden, New Jersey, Sinnickson Chew, printers. 16238:Historical Dictionary of the American Revolution 15852:. Im Verlage der Helwingschen Hof-Buchhandlung. 14888:The Battle of Bennington: Soldiers and Civilians 14698:Tennessee Frontiers: Three Regions in Transition 14286:. Gale in Context. Charles Scribner's Sons. 1936 13919:(March 2017). Oxford University Press: 363–380. 13554:A Gallant Defense: the Siege of Charleston, 1780 13352:Bemis, Samuel Flagg; Ferrell, Robert H. (1958). 13207:(1). University of Pennsylvania Press: 111–150. 12856: 7977: 7433: 7431: 4217:led a Canadian militia in an attempt to capture 4170:. Simultaneous British attacks were repulsed on 3723:, then part of Massachusetts, but was defeated. 3067:and unsuccessfully engaged the Americans at the 1898:. Despite some initial success, British general 459: 18970:Christie, Ian R.; Labaree, Benjamin W. (1976). 18460:Lord North: The Prime Minister Who Lost America 17281:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc. 15719:The American Revolution: A Historical Guidebook 14780:Harpers' Encyclopaedia of United States History 14400:A Diplomatic History of the American Revolution 14211:Documents of the American Revolution, 1779–1783 14102:French policy and the American Alliance of 1778 11392: 7391: 7389: 6651:. His target was Virginia militia stationed at 6039:The Colored Patriots of the American Revolution 5543:is on left. The parade route in 1783 went from 4718:Military history of France § Ancien Régime 4629:Naval battles of the American Revolutionary War 3474:Like his predecessors, French foreign minister 3321:on August 16. St Leger moved east and besieged 2240: 1842:and winning small but significant victories at 478: 22393:Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War 20543: 20337:Citing William M. Dwyer and Edward J. Lowell, 20327:Zeller-Frederick, Andrew A. (April 18, 2018). 20066:A Battlefield Atlas of the American Revolution 19450:(1). Southern Historical Association: 93–103. 19108:. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. 18910:(3). American Philosophical Society: 233–241. 18844:Volumes committed to the American Revolution: 18810:Bibliography of the American Revolutionary War 18509:British Warships in the Age of Sail: 1714–1792 18309:. University of Oxford, The University Press. 18306:Cambridge Modern History, vol.6 (18th Century) 17978:. Boston : Houghton, Mifflin and Company. 17828:. Vol. 1. Boston: Hale, Gray & Bowen. 17487:Savas, Theodore P.; Dameron, J. David (2006). 17107:MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History 16417:"America's Spanish Savior: Bernardo de Gálvez" 16222:(3). Universitätsverlag WINTER Gmbh: 411–423. 15990:A History of England in the Eighteenth Century 15486:Jackson, Kenneth T.; Dunbar, David S. (2005). 14485:The Dutch Republic and The American Revolution 12890:Bibliography of the American Revolutionary War 11831:"Sybil Ludington, Possible Female Paul Revere" 8114: 6209:Bibliography of the American Revolutionary War 5497:in violation of the Franco-American alliance. 5294:tribes sided with the British; members of the 3274:The 1776 campaign demonstrated that regaining 2843:on November 7, 1775, promising freedom to any 2408: 2264:, twelve colonies sent representatives to the 162:(8 years, 4 months and 15 days) 28827:Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States 27011: 24950:Drafting and ratification of the Constitution 24665: 23446: 22921: 22559: 20529: 20421:United States Army Center of Military History 18823:Allison, David, and Larrie D. Ferreiro, eds. 18691:""The Road to Peace, A Chronology: 1779–1784" 18376:Watson, J. Steven; Clark, Sir George (1960). 17782:New York 1776: The Continentals' First Battle 17031:Southern Campaigns of the American Revolution 16826:Paine, Thomas (1982). Kramnick, Isaac (ed.). 16776:(1). University of Pennsylvania Press: 1–46. 16611:. Oxford University Press. pp. 250–270. 16487:Southern Campaigns of the American Revolution 16445:(4th ed.). University of Chicago Press. 15102:Gutman, Alejandro; Avanzati, Beatriz (2013). 14792:. Rivergate Books, Rutgers University Press. 14374:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 14284:"Jean Baptiste Donatien De Vimeur Rochambeau" 14264:George Washington and the American Revolution 12999: 8594: 8025: 7428: 7280: 7278: 7276: 7111: 7109: 4206:in August which met with some success in the 3757:regiments over the conditions in early 1780. 2288:and a full boycott of goods against Britain. 1560: 25874:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization 22895:George Washington in the American Revolution 20130:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. 19788:Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center 18797:. Yale Law School: The Avalon Project. 2008. 18116:. Lorenz Educational Press. pp. 22–23. 15892:Canada and the American Revolution 1774–1783 15746:. Henry Holt and Company (reprint of 1973). 15348:. New York : Chelsea House Publishers. 15105:Native North American Languages Distribution 15028:The Battle of Yorktown, 1781: A Reassessment 14240:Davis, Lance E; Engerman, Stanley L (2006). 13748:The Founding of the American Republic Series 13472:Parameters of British Naval Power, 1650–1850 13160:A Devil of a Whipping: The Battle of Cowpens 7965: 7386: 7170: 7168: 7166: 7164: 7162: 4150:On May 25, 1780, British Colonel Henry Bird 3040:in western Long Island. On August 27 at the 1795:in April 1775 ignited the war. In June, the 1752:ultimately recognizing the independence and 1343:Task-force fleets & blockading squadrons 21506:Washington's crossing of the Delaware River 19909:. Vol. 6. Cincinnati: Jones Brothers. 19714:The War of American Independence, 1775–1783 19649:The British Army in North America 1775–1783 19379:. New York: Harper & Bros. p. 34. 18580:Battles of the Revolutionary War, 1775–1781 18170:U.S. Military Academy History Department. " 18159:Featured Story Archive, Historical Document 17637:"Hessians: The Best Armies Money Could Buy" 17508:Scheer, George F.; Rankin, Hugh F. (1959). 17417:Washington's War: From Independence To Iraq 17347:(1). Johns Hopkins University Press: 1–17. 16892:War and Trade in the West Indies, 1739–1763 16654:. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press. 16553:Yorktown 1781: The World Turned Upside Down 15695:Kelly, James; Smith, Barbara Clark (2007). 15489:Empire City: New York Through the Centuries 15207:Oxford History of the United States Book 12 15139:George Rogers Clark and the War in the West 13583:. Britannica.com. 2021. p. Wikisourse. 13280:""Yo Solo" Not "Solo": Juan Antoniao Riano" 13077:. Where We Come From, collect. p. 69. 11959: 11717: 11715: 9685:Piers Mackesy The war for America 1775–1783 8049: 7377: 7375: 6954:were to be issued among the standard daily 6734:, created by Congress on November 10, 1775. 6002:Diplomacy in the American Revolutionary War 5990: 5662:Prisoners in the American Revolutionary War 5339: 5225:allies of Britain attacked the short-lived 4777:victory "within the realm of possibility". 4714:History of the French Navy § Louis XVI 4619:Privateer § American_Revolutionary_War 4362:the besiegers and hastened British defeat. 4115:as the American Northwest Territory in the 3760:In June 1780, Clinton sent 6,000 men under 3395:ships on the Delaware, supplemented by the 2393:, it ended hopes of a peaceful settlement. 2086: 1902:was besieged by a Franco-American force in 27025: 27018: 27004: 24672: 24658: 23453: 23439: 23385:History of the Central Intelligence Agency 23370:Length of U.S. participation in major wars 22928: 22914: 22566: 22552: 22383:African Americans in the Revolutionary War 20637:Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness 20536: 20522: 19885:British friends of the American Revolution 19126:History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery 19039:The War of American Independence 1775–1783 18538:'The Radicalism of the American Revolution 17266:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 16671:The Frontier War for American Independence 16608:Oxford Handbook of the American Revolution 16145:. Boston : Little, Brown and Company. 15636:(3). Taylor & Francis, Ltd.: 431–442. 13855:Revolution & Early Republic, 1775–1800 11604: 11602: 11062: 9783: 9261: 8013: 7989: 7929: 7907: 7905: 7406: 7404: 7273: 7106: 6958:rations of sailors. Around 42,000 sailors 6118: 6093:List of American Revolutionary War battles 6064:Scotch-Irish Americans#American Revolution 5759:In 1782, Virginia passed a law permitting 5255:in Georgia. Muscogee warriors also joined 5106:African Americans in the Revolutionary War 4930: 4409: 3994:on April 15. On June 6, Brigadier General 3345:on October 7 was repulsed by Gates at the 2361:(the Declaration's principal author), and 2221:natives dumped 342 crates of tea into the 1763:in the 17th and 18th centuries. After the 1759:The American colonies were established by 1567: 1553: 28440:Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes 25398:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 22739:Militia units that participated alongside 20266: 20211: 19598:. Random House Trade Paperbacks. p. 18946:Bernardo de Gálvez in Louisiana 1776–1783 18311:Digital Library of India Item 2015.107358 18172:Principal Campaigns of the War, 1775–1783 18105:. Vol. IV. Longmans, Green & Co. 17764:. State Historical Society of Wisconsin. 16903:Paterson, Thomas G.; et al. (2009). 15419: 14551:"Estaing, Charles Hector, Comte d'" 13924: 13882:Chambers, John Whiteclay II, ed. (1999). 13781:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. 12432: 12430: 12369: 12367: 12345: 12343: 12318: 12316: 12195: 12193: 12024: 12022: 11889: 11887: 11769: 11691: 11689: 11467: 11250: 11248: 11235: 11233: 10923: 10921: 10695: 10693: 10668: 10666: 10653: 10651: 10649: 10647: 10634: 10632: 10630: 10617: 10615: 10578: 10576: 10504: 10502: 10500: 10498: 10496: 10327: 10325: 10323: 10094: 10092: 9947: 9945: 9789: 9669: 9667: 9582: 9580: 9400: 9398: 9396: 9095: 9093: 8582: 8263: 8261: 8104: 8102: 8100: 8001: 7416: 7200: 7198: 7159: 7085:"Duchy of Brunswick until 1918 (Germany)" 6801:On militia see Boatner 1974, p. 707; 6049:List of clergy in the American Revolution 5997:Committee of safety (American Revolution) 5981:: events, births, deaths, and other years 4875:During the 18th century, states commonly 4119:brought the Revolutionary War to an end. 3637: 2989:in June 1776 and began landing troops on 2882:. A British expedition sent to reconquer 2672:learned of the plan and notified Captain 2415:United States Declaration of Independence 2389:, issued on August 23 in response to the 2058:as the dividing line between British and 712: 199:United States Declaration of Independence 20481:, and does not reflect subsequent edits. 20464: 20405: 20146:"The Winning of Independence, 1777–1783" 19187:, Simon & Schuster, 2021, 800 pp.), 18652:Black Loyalists: Our History, Our People 18614:from the original on September 24, 2020. 18335:History of land battles in North America 17295: 15785:Decisive Day: The Battle for Bunker Hill 15125:"The strange oddessy of George Merchant" 14912:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 14663:Fernández y Fernández, Enrique (2004) . 13775:Cannon, John; Crowcroft, Robert (2015). 13534:Encyclopedia of the American Revolution' 12982:Encyclopedia of African American History 12725: 12436: 11712: 8131: 7844: 7842: 7636: 7634: 7632: 7540: 7538: 7536: 7534: 7489: 7473: 7471: 7469: 7372: 7185: 7183: 6152:Commemoration of the American Revolution 5718: 5665: 5655: 5572:1783. The last uniformed British troops 5530: 5410: 5397:who acknowledged American independence. 5193: 5109: 5035: 4955: 4855: 4796: 4632: 4587:was more important. Washington informed 4516: 4413: 4294: 4274: 4019: 3813: 3801: 3651: 3544: 3449: 3442:Spain and the American Revolutionary War 3438:France in the American Revolutionary War 3258: 3160: 3140: 2952: 2886:launched an attack on Charleston in the 2619: 2603: 2419:Support for independence was boosted by 2332: 1999:in secret during 1762 (in light yellow). 1978: 1954: 1919:resolved Great Britain's conflicts with 1775:over a variety of issues, including the 434: 28491:List of counties and county equivalents 25553:Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. 20097:. Smithsonian Magazine January 13, 2017 19157: 19075:Allan McLane, Chapter VIII, pp. 275–304 19031:. (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1958). 18626:Franklin, Bruce H (November 30, 2015). 17101:Randall, Willard Sterne (Summer 1990). 16954:from the original on February 28, 2021. 15993:. Vol. 3. London: Longmans, Green. 15987:Lecky, William Edward Hartpole (1892). 15327:. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 15052:. New York : D. Appleton & Co. 14768:The American Revolution: In Two Volumes 14592:The German element in the United States 13778:The Oxford Companion to British History 13581:"François Joseph Paul, count de Grasse" 12845:Rise of the Legal Profession in America 12669: 11829:Lewis, Jone Johnson (August 15, 2019). 11794: 11721: 11614: 11599: 9817:"The Clinton-Sullivan Campaign of 1779" 8155: 7941: 7902: 7401: 7314: 7215: 7213: 7026:Tortora, Daniel J. (February 4, 2015). 7025: 4365:On August 31, a Royal Navy fleet under 3979:, seeking supplies and reinforcements. 3596:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette 3431: 3095:, to secure the Loyalist port. General 2757:raided towns in Nova Scotia, including 14: 29731: 22388:Dogs in the American Revolutionary War 20367:Many primary sources are available at 20355:General Washington's Army (2): 1779–83 20348:General Washington's Army (1): 1775–78 19924:"Ships Biscuits – Royal Navy hardtack" 19551:Conservatism in Early American History 19471:Kilmeade, Brian.; Yaeger, Don (2013). 18948:. Gretna: Pelican Publishing Company. 18676:. The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation 17639:. Military History Magazine/HistoryNet 16490:. Nautical & Aviation Publishing. 15972:. Minnesota Historical Society Press. 15590:. Scholarly Resources Inc. p. 5. 15478:open access online at Internet Archive 15060:A Companion to the American Revolution 15004:Gordon, John W.; Keegan, John (2007). 14746:. University of South Carolina Press. 14239: 13556:. University of South Carolina Press. 13411:History: A Journal of Student Research 13163:. University of North Carolina Press. 12897:Abrams, Creighton W. (July 16, 2014). 12850: 12834: 12821: 12801:David Kennedy; Lizabeth Cohen (2015). 12794: 12759: 12746: 12719: 12706: 12663: 12634: 12622: 12610: 12598: 12586: 12574: 12562: 12550: 12517: 12505: 12493: 12481: 12469: 12457: 12427: 12415: 12403: 12391: 12379: 12364: 12352: 12340: 12328: 12313: 12301: 12289: 12277: 12265: 12253: 12241: 12229: 12217: 12205: 12190: 12178: 12166: 12154: 12142: 12130: 12118: 12112: 12106: 12094: 12082: 12070: 12058: 12046: 12034: 12019: 12007: 11995: 11983: 11971: 11947: 11935: 11923: 11911: 11899: 11884: 11872: 11860: 11848: 11822: 11800: 11700: 11686: 11674: 11662: 11650: 11638: 11626: 11587: 11575: 11563: 11551: 11539: 11527: 11515: 11503: 11491: 11479: 11455: 11443: 11431: 11419: 11407: 11380: 11368: 11356: 11344: 11332: 11320: 11308: 11296: 11284: 11272: 11260: 11245: 11230: 11218: 11206: 11194: 11182: 11170: 11158: 11146: 11134: 11122: 11110: 11098: 11086: 11074: 11050: 11038: 11026: 11014: 11002: 10990: 10978: 10966: 10954: 10942: 10930: 10918: 10906: 10894: 10882: 10870: 10858: 10846: 10834: 10822: 10810: 10798: 10789: 10777: 10765: 10753: 10741: 10729: 10717: 10705: 10690: 10678: 10663: 10644: 10627: 10612: 10600: 10588: 10573: 10561: 10550: 10538: 10526: 10514: 10493: 10481: 10469: 10457: 10445: 10433: 10421: 10409: 10397: 10385: 10373: 10361: 10349: 10337: 10320: 10308: 10296: 10284: 10272: 10260: 10248: 10236: 10233:, "Spanish New Orleans helped America" 10224: 10212: 10200: 10188: 10176: 10164: 10152: 10140: 10128: 10116: 10104: 10089: 10077: 10065: 10053: 10041: 10029: 10017: 10005: 9993: 9981: 9969: 9957: 9942: 9930: 9918: 9906: 9894: 9882: 9870: 9858: 9846: 9834: 9771: 9759: 9747: 9735: 9724: 9712: 9700: 9688: 9664: 9652: 9640: 9628: 9616: 9604: 9592: 9577: 9565: 9553: 9505: 9493: 9481: 9444: 9432: 9420: 9409: 9393: 9381: 9369: 9357: 9333: 9321: 9309: 9297: 9285: 9273: 9249: 9237: 9225: 9213: 9201: 9189: 9177: 9165: 9153: 9141: 9129: 9117: 9105: 9090: 9078: 9066: 9054: 9042: 9030: 9018: 9006: 8994: 8982: 8970: 8958: 8946: 8910: 8898: 8886: 8874: 8862: 8850: 8838: 8826: 8814: 8802: 8790: 8778: 8766: 8754: 8742: 8730: 8718: 8706: 8695: 8666: 8654: 8642: 8630: 8618: 8606: 8570: 8558: 8546: 8534: 8522: 8513: 8501: 8489: 8477: 8465: 8453: 8441: 8429: 8417: 8405: 8393: 8381: 8369: 8357: 8345: 8333: 8321: 8309: 8297: 8285: 8273: 8258: 8246: 8234: 8222: 8213: 8201: 8167: 8097: 8085: 8073: 8061: 7195: 7043: 7041: 6655:. As they approached downriver on the 6076:Nova Scotia in the American Revolution 6054:List of Patriots (American Revolution) 5864:Revolutionary War commemoration stamps 5474:and with Franklin was a member of the 5218:tribes who deployed around 1,500 men. 3684:commanding land forces. The resulting 2901:and encountered minimal resistance at 2802:on June 8 ended operations in Quebec. 2322: 2284:in August, the association instituted 2209:, giving it a trading monopoly in the 27:1775–1783 American war of independence 29799:Rebellions against the British Empire 26999: 26481: 26243: 25905: 24709: 24653: 23434: 22909: 22547: 22300: 22225: 22153: 21724: 21060: 20894:Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania 20555: 20517: 19519:(3rd ed.). Infobase Publishing. 18893:. London : Printed for J. Almon. 18645:Canada's Digital Collections Program 18320:The War of the Revolution (2 volumes) 18133:U.S. Census Bureau (September 1975). 17685:The Revolution in Virginia, 1775–1783 17651: 17044:from the original on October 9, 2022. 16767: 16577:. George Boutleddge and Sons, London. 16039:. New York: Random House Paperbacks. 15907:Landrum, John Belton O'Neall (1897). 15278: 15254: 15057:Greene, Jack P.; Pole, J.R. (2008) . 14790:New Jersey in the American Revolution 14783:. Vol. 9. Harper & brothers. 14429:Dunkerly, Robert M. (April 2, 2014). 12899:"The Yorktown Campaign, October 1781" 12765: 11828: 11743: 11449: 11008: 10888: 10876: 10672: 9673: 8267: 7953: 7917: 7890: 7878: 7866: 7854: 7839: 7827: 7815: 7803: 7791: 7779: 7742: 7730: 7718: 7706: 7694: 7653:Kay, Marvin L. Michael (April 1969). 7629: 7590: 7578: 7575:Sept 1983, Vol. 5 Issue 3, pp 431–442 7550: 7531: 7519: 7507: 7495: 7483: 7466: 7455: 7443: 7300: 7180: 7147: 6140: 6130:Shipbuilding in the American colonies 5096:was killed in action during the war. 4764:, their economy was able to survive. 4448:that denied bases to the Royal Navy, 3872:Lieutenant-Colonel Archibald Campbell 3663:in June 1780; "Give 'em Watts, boys!" 3122: 2341:, who were charged with drafting the 2319:, which began the Revolutionary War. 1983:Map showing the territorial gains of 1971:Colonial history of the United States 1799:formalized Patriot militias into the 1548: 23712:Regulator Movement in North Carolina 23365:Timeline of U.S. military operations 22503:Daughters of the American Revolution 22301: 20853:Declaration of Rights and Grievances 20007:. Connecticut Historical Commission. 19814:. London: Thomas and William Boone. 19753:Nash, Gary B.; Carter Smith (2007). 19643:. New York: Longmans, Green, and Co. 19535:Washington's Partisan War, 1775–1783 19276: 18825:The American Revolution: A World War 18779:Valley Forge National Historic Park 18706: 17986:The Philadelphia Campaign, 1777–1778 17975:The Battles of Trenton and Princeton 17710:The United States Marines: A History 17100: 16909:. Cengage Learning. pp. 13–15. 16689: 16584:Namier, Lewis; Brooke, John (1985). 16442:The Birth of the Republic: 1763–1789 16415:Mitchell, Barbara A. (Autumn 2012). 16322: 15967: 15123:Harrington, Hugh T. (January 2013). 14991:from the original on October 9, 2022 14595:. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Co. 14433:. Journal of the American Revolution 14328:. Vol. 1. Printed for J. Almon. 13965:Gibraltar 1779–1783: The Great Siege 13838:Cashin, Edward J. (March 26, 2005). 13259:The North Carolina Historical Review 13184:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. 13119:. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. 13003:The American Revolution: A World War 12945:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. 12942:A History of the American Revolution 12875:Stamps listed in chronological order 12752:Eliga H. Gould, Peter S. Onuf, eds. 12592: 11989: 11749: 10314: 9469:from the original on October 9, 2022 8423: 8044:"The Declaration House Through Time" 7623: 7611: 7210: 7008: 6997: 6986: 6772:reputed to have Loyalist sympathies. 5820:Essay Concerning Human Understanding 5267:fought in major battles such as the 5099: 5063:. Women often accompanied armies as 4467: 4235:campaigned east along the Gulf Coast 4089:from the British. Virginia militia, 2589: 164:Ratification effective: May 12, 1784 22498:Children of the American Revolution 22378:Timeline of the American Revolution 20075:Rodney and the Breaking of the Line 19926:. Royal Navy Museum. Archived from 19759:. Infobase Publishing. p. 64. 19640:A review of the history of infantry 19089:(3). Fenimore Art Museum: 283–294. 19073:. William Morrow and Co. 59-11702. 18898:Butterfield, Lyman H. (June 1950). 18866:. Penguin, 1998 (paperback reprint) 18792:Yale Law School, Massachusetts Act 18625: 18526:British Warships in the Age of Sail 18361: 18303:Ward, A.W.; Prothero, G.W. (1925). 18260: 18246:. New York: Harper & Brothers. 18098: 18081: 17881:. Vol. 2. New York: Macmillan. 16983:Thomas Jefferson and the New Nation 16431:Historia de Gibraltar y de su campo 16266: 15122: 14488:. University Press of the Pacific. 14458:. Joel Munsell's Sons, Albany, NY. 14431:"8 Fast Facts about Camp Followers" 14035: 13707:Cadwalader, Richard McCall (1901). 13706: 13657:from the original on March 23, 2013 13634:Annual Register: World Events, 1783 13579: 10948: 9303: 9291: 9279: 9036: 9024: 9000: 8880: 8808: 8736: 8339: 8031: 7652: 7584: 7544: 7501: 7477: 7306: 7047: 7038: 6896:During the same time period in the 5985:Timeline of the American Revolution 5535:Washington enters New York City at 5183: 4744: 4602: 4496: 4174:by the Spanish Lieutenant Governor 4009: 3919:" to side with them. Skirmishes at 3791: 3676:A French naval force under Admiral 2785:respectively. British officials in 2746:without further loss and sailed to 2280:; based on a draft prepared by the 1854:, the Continental Congress fled to 24: 25240:Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act 25230:Assassination of James A. Garfield 21159:European allies of King George III 21015:British credit crisis of 1772–1773 20950:Committee of Secret Correspondence 20612:No taxation without representation 20451: 20362: 20333:Journal of the American Revolution 19663:. Mount Vernon Ladies' Association 19571:Lemaître, Georges Édouard (2005). 18803: 18632:Journal of the American Revolution 18379:The Reign of George III, 1760–1815 18102:History of the American Revolution 18049:Thomas, Molly (November 9, 2017). 17634: 17562:10.1111/j.1468-229X.1958.tb02208.x 17222:Journal of the American Revolution 17000: 16574:Mulhall's Dictionary of Statistics 16549: 16532:(6th ed.). Harper & Row. 16397:Origins of the American Revolution 16346: 16276:. New York: Simon & Schuster. 16090: 16086:. New York: Harper & Brothers. 16074: 16008: 15846:Knesebeck, Ernst von dem (2017) . 15548: 15129:Journal of the American Revolution 15108:(Map). A. Gutman & B. Avanzati 14669:. University of New Mexico Press. 14662: 14548: 14477:(PhD). University of North Dakota. 14196: 14119:. Three Rivers Press. p. 51. 13736:. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. 12978: 11941: 11350: 10936: 10594: 10487: 10439: 9843:, "Washington's Savvy Won the Day" 9706: 9499: 9487: 9453:"Spain in the American Revolution" 9450: 9027:, "Writings" v. 7, pp. 38, 130–131 8820: 8483: 7983: 7295: 7032:Journal of the American Revolution 6756:, American privateers mainly from 6059:Quakers in the American Revolution 5787:no taxation without representation 5335:Britain's "American war" and peace 4952:Prince of Wales' American Regiment 4891:, known as "the Mercenary State". 3847:on their western border; with the 3423:took the opportunity to introduce 3021:, Washington launched the six-man 2933:British New York counter-offensive 2905:. Hopkins' troops then marched on 2498:Committee of Secret Correspondence 2345:, including (from left to right): 2101:Although directly administered by 25: 29820: 27836:Director of National Intelligence 25272:Assassination of William McKinley 23461:Colonial conflicts involving the 23122:American–Algerian War (1785–1795) 22525:Museum of the American Revolution 20432: 20346:Zlatich, Marko; Copeland, Peter. 19841:France in the American Revolution 19016:. Vol. 2. London, J. Murray. 18972:Empire or independence, 1760–1776 18814:Bibliography of George Washington 18793: 18729: 18689: 18505: 18457: 18169: 18093:Archived online at HathiTrust.org 17972:Stryker, William Scudder (1898). 17906: 17886:Stewart, Richard W., ed. (2005). 17663:Seineke, Kathrine Wagner (1981). 17434: 17275:Reynolds, William R. Jr. (2012). 17274: 17235:. University of Wisconsin Press. 17216:Reid, Darren R. (June 19, 2017). 17171: 16979: 16902: 16428:Montero, Francisco Maria (1860). 16414: 16290: 16216:Amerikastudien / American Studies 15932:. Sourcebooks. pp. 195–196. 15802: 15781: 15627: 15606: 15572: 15527: 15363:Howat, Kenna (November 9, 2017). 15320: 15264:. Northeastern University Press. 15181:Hazard's Register of Pennsylvania 15135: 15024: 14509:His Excellency: George Washington 14281:Dictionary of American Biography 14077: 14031:. Vol. 1. London, J. Murray. 13881: 13753: 13669: 13641: 13619: 13369:. Toronto: Dundurn Press Ltd. 1. 13312:. Vol. 1. London, MacMillan. 12807:. Cengage Learning. p. 156. 12421: 12409: 12259: 12247: 12199: 12124: 12076: 11302: 11188: 11044: 10556: 10415: 10379: 10355: 10343: 10278: 10194: 10122: 10083: 9586: 9438: 9415: 9404: 9267: 8784: 8648: 8279: 8252: 8240: 8189:. The Indianapolis Public Library 7935: 7762:"The Weare NH Historical Society" 7640: 7596: 7556: 7449: 7381: 6219:Bibliography of George Washington 6202: 6177:Museum of the American Revolution 6070:Others in the American Revolution 5775: 5770:banning the importation of slaves 5117:soldiers, including one from the 4708:France in the American Revolution 4264: 3569:, Charles agreed only to support 2650:Commander-in-Chief, North America 2515:west of the Appalachian Mountains 2508: 2255:Throughout the 18th century, the 2197:, then came to a head in 1773. A 1927:and forced Great Britain to cede 1815:two days later, on July 4, 1776. 29716: 29704: 27992:Government Accountability Office 26979: 26970: 26969: 26934: 26933: 25491:Assassination of John F. Kennedy 25284:Nadir of American race relations 25163:Assassination of Abraham Lincoln 22413:Continental Currency dollar coin 22398:Women in the American Revolution 20498:"The American Revolutionary War" 20463: 20119:. New York: H. Holt and company. 20116:The frontier in American history 19690:(3). Wiley Publishers: 370–389. 19676:Middleton, Richard (July 2013). 18646: 18427: 18375: 18113:Washington Crossing the Delaware 18091:. Longmans, Green, and Company. 18027: 17971: 17957:. Univ of South Carolina Press. 17878:Dictionary of National Biography 17874: 17810: 17799: 17702: 17662: 17658:(PHD). Florida State University. 17652:Schwamenfeld, Steven W. (2007). 17547: 17376:. Self-published. Archived from 17021: 16937: 16846: 16696:. University of Oklahoma Press. 16529:Encyclopedia of American History 16421:MHQ (Military History Quarterly) 16301: 16255: 16120:. University of Nebraska Press. 15946: 15925: 15906: 15867:Kupperman, Karen Ordahl (2009). 15823: 15715: 15684:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 15485: 15382: 15306:. University of Virginia Press. 15212: 15188: 15142:. University Press of Kentucky. 15056: 15045: 15010:. Univ of South Carolina Press. 14884: 14871: 14836: 14806: 14739: 14715: 14641: 14620: 14599: 14564: 14447: 14321: 14207: 14167: 14003: 13982: 13961: 13816: 13730:Calhoon, Robert McCluer (1973). 13729: 13690: 13454: 13284:The Florida Historical Quarterly 13277: 13133: 13112: 12740:10.1111/j.1478-0542.2010.00705.x 12650: 12373: 12358: 12322: 12295: 12283: 12271: 12088: 12064: 12040: 12028: 12001: 11929: 11917: 11878: 11644: 11581: 11401: 11317:, "Revolutionary War in Georgia" 11290: 11278: 11254: 11224: 11212: 11152: 11140: 11092: 11068: 11032: 10912: 10852: 10828: 10804: 10783: 10657: 10621: 10544: 10532: 10508: 10475: 10367: 10331: 10170: 10146: 10134: 10110: 10047: 9975: 9963: 9912: 9777: 9718: 9694: 9679: 9622: 9547: 9541: 9529: 9523: 9517: 9387: 9363: 9327: 9255: 9183: 9135: 9048: 8988: 8952: 8940: 8934: 8928: 8922: 8856: 8796: 8772: 8760: 8748: 8712: 8624: 8540: 8528: 8471: 8459: 8411: 8387: 8363: 8351: 8327: 8303: 8228: 8207: 8179: 8143: 8125: 8079: 8055: 8037: 7959: 7896: 7884: 7872: 7848: 7833: 7821: 7785: 7736: 7712: 7700: 7437: 7366: 7343: 7332: 7296:Britannica 1911, "C. H. Estaing" 7284: 7268:Dictionary of American Biography 7231: 7204: 7189: 7071: 7059: 7014: 7003: 6916: 6903: 6890: 6881: 6868: 6858: 6844: 6815: 6806: 6795: 6785: 6775: 6746: 6737: 6712: 6694: 6684: 6666: 6640: 6630: 6613: 6604: 6583: 6214:Bibliography of Thomas Jefferson 6192:United States Semiquincentennial 6162:Independence Day (United States) 6023:Social history of the Revolution 6012:Flags of the American Revolution 5943: 5924: 5904: 5888: 5563:, and ended at Cape's Tavern on 5032:Women in the American Revolution 4972:in 1780, raising Patriot morale. 4845: 4261:after the war officially ended. 3616:First League of Armed Neutrality 3376:on October 4, but was repulsed. 3147:Washington Crossing the Delaware 2939:New York and New Jersey campaign 2909:. Hopkins had promised governor 2596:Battles of Lexington and Concord 2317:Battles of Lexington and Concord 2307:limited colonial trade with the 2247:Battles of Lexington and Concord 2201:led to the near-collapse of the 2019:. Acquisition of territories in 1832:New York and New Jersey campaign 1822:, Washington's forces drove the 1793:Battles of Lexington and Concord 1163: 1151: 1139: 1127: 1115: 1103: 1091: 1079: 1067: 1050: 1038: 1026: 1019: 994: 982: 970: 963: 951: 943: 933: 921: 909: 897: 885: 873: 856: 849: 837: 830: 812: 805: 714: 702: 692: 682: 672: 662: 652: 639: 632: 539: 531: 480: 461: 449: 436: 349: 342: 327: 320: 306: 102: 93: 82: 73: 62: 29789:Civil wars in the United States 25193:First transcontinental railroad 23537:Cromwellian conquest of Ireland 22508:Sons of the American Revolution 20369:Princeton University Law School 20254:The Journal of Economic History 20199:The Journal of Economic History 20109: 19863:. Library of Congress archives. 19657:"Battle of Guilford Courthouse" 19549:Larabee, Leonard Woods (1959). 19444:The Journal of Southern History 19373:Johnston, Henry Phelps (1881). 19302:. University of Chicago Press. 18708:"An Unlikely Victory 1777–1783" 18671: 18476: 18222:. University of Toronto Press. 18215: 18144: 18109: 18048: 18003: 17948: 17821: 17778: 17757: 17507: 17370:"Battle of Monmouth Courthouse" 17249: 17154:The North Carolina Continentals 16965:. University of Chicago Press. 16867: 16853:. University of Alabama Press. 16825: 16720:The Journal of American History 16668: 16647: 16583: 16525: 16504: 16462: 16438: 16393: 16379: 16080:Lowell, Edward Jackson (1884). 16054:Lockhart, Paul Douglas (2010). 16029: 15677: 15607:Kaminski, John P., ed. (1995). 15573:Johnston, Henry Phelps (1897). 15510:The Life of George Rogers Clark 15446: 15383:Hubbard, Robert Ernest (2017). 15369:National Women's History Museum 15285:. University of Georgia Press. 15156: 15136:Harrison, Lowell Hayes (2001). 15046:Greene, Francis Vinton (1913). 14982:Sons of the American Revolution 14958:. Henry Holt and Company, LLC. 14953: 14926: 14867:. University of Michigan Press. 14860: 14694: 14690:. Preston & Rounds Company. 14565:Everest, Allan Seymour (1977). 14424:. Medical field service school. 14417: 14208:Davies, K.G., ed. (1972–1981). 14133: 14024: 13774: 13691:Butterfield, Consul W. (1903). 13598: 13551: 13383: 13177: 13091: 13041: 12917:Adams, Charles Francis (1911). 12883: 12580: 12568: 12556: 12487: 12307: 12235: 12211: 12184: 12160: 12136: 12052: 11965: 11722:Eschner, Kat (April 26, 2017). 11695: 11656: 11593: 11485: 11374: 11353:, "Best armies money could buy" 11200: 11128: 11080: 11056: 10960: 10900: 10864: 10795:Jillson and Wilson, 1994, p. 77 10711: 10699: 10684: 10427: 10391: 10290: 10254: 10182: 10098: 10071: 10059: 10035: 9987: 9951: 9924: 9900: 9888: 9790:Soodalter, Ron (July 8, 2011). 9753: 9658: 9634: 9610: 9598: 9039:, "Writings" v. 7, pp. 131, 130 9012: 8869:Morris, R.B. Morris 1983 (1965) 8868: 8832: 8552: 8315: 8137: 8007: 7995: 7860: 7754: 7748: 7724: 7646: 7565: 7360: 7348: 7337: 7326: 7289: 7259: 7254: 7248: 7236: 7225: 7174: 7133: 7121: 7115: 7077: 7065: 7053: 6574: 6564: 6554: 6544: 6523: 6514: 6505: 6480: 6447: 6418: 6409: 6400: 6391: 6382: 6372: 6363: 6353: 6340: 6337:(2,422), flying this same flag. 6323: 6087:Lists of Revolutionary military 5401:American Congress signs a peace 5298:fought on both sides; and many 4948:American Legion (Great Britain) 4780: 4043:From the beginning of the war, 3241:British northern strategy fails 1874:in February 1778. In 1779, the 1870:with the rebels, followed by a 29635:Separation of church and state 27851:National Reconnaissance Office 27794:President of the United States 23640:Father Rale's War/Dummer's War 23400:List of anti-war organizations 22408:Continental currency banknotes 21496:Staten Island Peace Conference 20509:United States Military Academy 19844:. Cornell University Library. 19838:Perkins, James Breck (2009) . 19498:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 184–185. 19415:The William and Mary Quarterly 19041:. Publisher: E. Arnold, 1995. 18929:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 18767:. U.S. National Archives. 1783 18648:"The Philipsburg Proclamation" 18448: 18413:. Cambridge University Press. 18408: 18340: 18302: 18236: 18199:10.1080/00253359.2008.10657052 18185:Vale, Brian (March 22, 2013). 18176:The American Revolutionary War 18164: 18151:US Central Intelligence Agency 18110:Tucker, Mary (March 1, 2002). 17989:. University Press of Kansas. 17934:. Cambridge University Press. 17927: 17913:. University of Exeter Press. 17681: 17613: 17576: 17486: 17338: 17327: 17228: 17215: 17051:The William and Mary Quarterly 17048: 16980:Peterson, Merrill D. (1975) . 16959:Peckham, Howard Henry (1974). 16958: 16746: 16717: 16587:The House of Commons 1754–1790 16213: 16189: 16175:. Courier Dover Publications. 16168: 16149: 16135: 16117:The War for America: 1775–1783 16113: 16004:. Vol. 4. pp. 70–78. 15866: 15760: 15736: 15583: 15558:. Princeton University Press. 15552:(2018). Julian P. Boyd (ed.). 15506: 15453:. Cambridge University Press. 15362: 15216:George III: A Personal History 15087:. Cambridge University Press. 14932: 14825: 14776: 14760: 14585: 14526: 14512:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing. 14502: 14470: 14346: 14333:Donne, W. Bodham, ed. (1867). 14298: 14246:. Cambridge University Press. 14105:. Princeton University Press. 14099:Corwin, Edward Samuel (1916). 13840:"Revolutionary War in Georgia" 13630: 13530: 13509: 13488: 13465: 13455:Billias, George Athan (1969). 13433: 13404: 13351: 13323:. Government Printing Office. 13317:Bell, William Gardner (2005). 13286:. Florida Historical Society. 13278:Beerman, Eric (October 1979). 13235: 13098:. Cambridge University Press. 12959: 12938: 12931:The American historical review 12916: 12463: 12451: 12397: 12385: 12334: 12172: 12148: 12013: 11977: 11953: 11905: 11893: 11801:Tucker, Abigail (March 2022). 11680: 11557: 11545: 11533: 11509: 11473: 11176: 11104: 10984: 10972: 10759: 10747: 10723: 10638: 10520: 10451: 10230: 9765: 9646: 9571: 9511: 9426: 9375: 9351: 9315: 9219: 9195: 9171: 9159: 9147: 9123: 9111: 9099: 9084: 9072: 8976: 8892: 8689: 8672: 8636: 8576: 8495: 8399: 8375: 8149: 8067: 8019: 7947: 7809: 7660:The William and Mary Quarterly 7513: 7461: 7410: 7395: 7019: 6992: 6314: 6278: 6245: 6232: 6167:The Last Men of the Revolution 5700:of the British, mostly in the 5476:American Philosophical Society 4942:Loyalist (American Revolution) 4551:Revolutionary War Drill Manual 4351:François Joseph Paul de Grasse 4259:continued fighting in the west 4210:but did not end Indian raids. 3973:Battle of Guilford Court House 3678:Charles Henri Hector d'Estaing 3174:crossing of the Delaware River 3061:Staten Island Peace Conference 2880:Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge 2874:. Loyalists were recruited in 2707:. On June 17, they seized the 2632:raises the fort's flag at the 2225:, an event later known as the 646:German mercenaries/auxiliaries 143:Battle of Guilford Court House 13: 1: 24037:Black War (Van Diemen's Land) 23881:Castle Hill convict rebellion 23312:War against the Islamic State 22226: 21202:German supporters of Congress 20900:Massachusetts Circular Letter 20371:'s Avalon Project and at the 19857:Peters, Richard, ed. (1846). 19808:Nicolas, Paul Harris (1845). 19773:National Institute of Health 19637:Lloyd, Earnest Marsh (1908). 19281:. University of Texas Press. 19208:A history of the British army 18995:. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. 18780: 18763: 18746: 18576: 18555: 18541:. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. 18531: 18316: 18216:Walker, James W. St. (1992). 18184: 18132: 18066:Tolson, Jay (June 27, 2008). 17885: 17863: 17800:Smith, Justin Harvey (1907). 17758:Skaggs, David Curtis (1977). 17526: 17413: 17392: 17022:Piecuch, Jim (October 2004). 17001:Philbrick, Nathaniel (2016). 16868:Palmer, Dave Richard (2010). 16628: 16604: 16571:Mulhall, Michael G. (1884) . 16234: 16079: 16053: 16009:Lefkowitz, Arthur S. (2007). 15642:10.1080/07075332.1983.9640322 15492:. Columbia University Press. 15401: 15341: 15213:Hibbert, Christopher (2000). 15177: 14933:Glattharr, Joseph T. (2007). 14872:Frothingham, Richard (1903). 14829:A history of the British army 14648:. Bloomsbury Publishing, US. 14569:. Syracuse University Press. 14428: 14418:Duncan, Louis Caspar (1931). 14396: 14367: 14146: 14078:Cogliano, Francis D. (2003). 13906: 13860: 13795: 13390:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 13366:Historic Fort York, 1793–1993 13362: 13316: 13305: 13198: 13020: 12660:, vol. 28, no. 2 (1976): 267. 12628: 12616: 12604: 12511: 12223: 11866: 11854: 11706: 11668: 11497: 11461: 11437: 11425: 11413: 11386: 11362: 11338: 11326: 11116: 11020: 10840: 10816: 10735: 10582: 10567: 10463: 10403: 9852: 9741: 9535: 9339: 9231: 9207: 8964: 8916: 8844: 8702:CIA 2011, Historical Document 8507: 8173: 8161: 8108: 8091: 7797: 7573:International History Review, 7320: 7219: 7127: 6946:after the Admiralty declared 5797:, who were influenced by the 5789:." Contemporaries credit the 5461:, England's former ally, and 5043:single-handedly captured six 4922:The presence of over 150,000 4903:; however, negotiations with 4895:many other states, including 4397:Washington moved his army to 4049:Governor of Spanish Louisiana 3786:To the Inhabitants of America 3659:repulsing the British at the 3627:British victories over France 3421:Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben 3270:in September and October 1777 3056:'s regiments as a rearguard. 2578:aided the colonial forces of 2525:. The Americans defeated the 2276:and on October 20 passed the 1330:48,000, most in North America 27997:Government Publishing Office 27465:Technological and industrial 26361:Hispanic and Latino American 25215:Second Industrial Revolution 25049:Nat Turner's slave rebellion 24755:Exploration of North America 24681:History of the United States 20883:Committees of correspondence 20078:. Pen & Sword Military. 20039:. Henry Chapman Publishers. 19984:University of Virginia Press 19978:Scribner, Robert L. (1988). 19946:Firearms in American History 19903:Ridpath, John Clark (1915). 19888:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 121. 19738:. Cornell University Press. 19553:. Cornell University Press. 19319:The Journal of Negro History 19216:Fredriksen, John C. (2006). 19162:. New York: The Dial Press. 19102:Downes, Randolph C. (1940). 19056:History of Washington County 18750:. U.S. Merchant Marine. 2012 18723:American Revolution timeline 18434:. Indiana University Press. 18428:Weigley, Russell F. (1977). 17832: 17462:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. 17455: 17309:"The British Army 1775–1783" 17306: 17296:Rignault, Daniel P. (2004). 16923: 16570: 16505:Morris, Richard B. (1983) . 16483: 16427: 16380:Miller, Hunter, ed. (1931). 16365:10.1080/00253359.2014.866373 16241:. Rowman & Littlefield. 15889: 15873:. Harvard University Press. 15716:Kennedy, Frances H. (2014). 15656: 15630:International History Review 15613:. Rowman & Littlefield. 15579:. Columbia University Press. 15576:The Battle of Harlem Heights 15402:Hunt, Paula D. (June 2015). 15299: 15233: 15189:Herring, George C. (2011) . 15080: 14885:Gabriel, Michael P. (2012). 14787: 14701:. Indiana University Press. 14454:. Translated from German by 14347:Duffy, Christopher (2005) . 14299:Deane, Mark (May 14, 2018). 14282: 14260: 14112: 14036:Clodfelter, Micheal (2017). 13817:Carroll, Francis M. (2001). 13587: 13516:. Indiana University Press. 13157:Babits, Lawrence E. (2011). 13070: 12927: 12214: , pp. 221–323, 331–333 12100: 11750:Hunt, Paula D. (June 2015). 11632: 10996: 10771: 10242: 9936: 9876: 9864: 8904: 8724: 8660: 8564: 8447: 8435: 8187:"Indiana bicentennial coins" 7923: 7525: 7354: 7265: 7242: 6973: 6197:List of wars of independence 6147:American Revolution Statuary 6135:Slavery in the United States 5919:'s surrender, issued in 1927 5591: 5520: 5057:Frederika Charlotte Riedesel 5009:A Loyalist militia unit—the 4935: 4881:professional German soldiers 4233:In 1781, Galvez and Pollock 4085:was undertaken to seize the 3858:Germain accordingly ordered 3523:Treaty of Amity and Commerce 3001:On August 12, 1776, Patriot 2864:siege of Savage's Old Fields 2241:Break with the British Crown 1680:American War of Independence 193:American and allied victory 118:Surrender of Lord Cornwallis 18:War of American Independence 7: 29469:Women's reproductive health 28435:Federally recognized tribes 28298:Public utilities commission 28202:Public Health Service Corps 28105:Code of Federal Regulations 27987:Congressional Budget Office 27841:Central Intelligence Agency 27747:Water supply and sanitation 27174:Declaration of Independence 25885:Indictments of Donald Trump 25076:First Industrial Revolution 24910:Declaration of Independence 24900:Second Continental Congress 22855:Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783 22520:Charters of Freedom Rotunda 21725: 21551:Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783 21536:Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1781 21310:Capture of Fort Ticonderoga 20965:Declaration of Independence 20930:Second Continental Congress 20389:Declaration of Independence 20154:U.S. National Park Service 19793:Neimeyer, Charles Patrick. 19143:. Oxford University Press. 19059:. B. Singerly. p. 49. 18607:. Marine Corps University. 18562:. Penguin Press, New York. 18382:. Oxford University Press. 18065: 18013:. WW Norton & Company. 17456:Russell, David Lee (2000). 17331:Supplying Washington's Army 17250:Renaut, Francis P. (1922). 17229:Reid, John Phillip (1987). 17150: 17129: 17113:(40): 38–39. Archived from 17103:"Benedict Arnold at Quebec" 16986:. Oxford University Press. 16932:paullin massachusetts navy. 16930:. The Burrows Brothers Co. 16669:Nester, William R. (2004). 16550:Morrissey, Brendan (1997). 16439:Morgan, Edmund S. (2012) . 16347:Middleton, Richard (2014). 16332:. Oxford University Press. 16302:McGuire, Thomas J. (2011). 15997: 15986: 15913:. Greenville, SC: Shannon. 15830:. New York: Hill and Wang. 15827:American Slavery: 1619–1877 15507:James, James Alton (2013). 15447:Ingrao, Charles W. (2003). 15195:. Oxford University Press. 15184:. Vol. 4. W.F. Geddes. 15101: 15003: 14740:Fischer, Joseph R. (2008). 14725:. Oxford University Press. 14627:. Oxford University Press. 14606:. Oxford University Press. 14153:. New York: HarperCollins. 14098: 14056: 14042:(4th ed.). McFarland. 13940: 13907:Chandler, Jonathan (2017). 13837: 13760:. Oxford University Press. 13754:Calloway, Colin G. (2007). 13631:Burke, Edmond, ed. (1785). 13626:. Albany, N.Y., J. Munsell. 13461:. University of California. 13337: 13156: 13006:. Smithsonian Institution. 12934:. New York: Kraus Reprints. 12896: 12857:Houseman; Kloetzel (2019). 12672:Journal of American History 12642:Journal of American History 12523: 12499: 12113:Davis, L. and Engerman 2006 11879:Canada' Digital Collections 11608: 11521: 11314: 10218: 10206: 10158: 10023: 10011: 9999: 9840: 9060: 8291: 8140:, "Intelligence Until WWII" 7971: 7222:, "Privateers and Mariners" 5971: 5810:Two Treatises of Government 5086:disguised themselves as men 4809:Commander from 1763 to 1775 4491:own newspapers and printers 4099:on July 4 and then secured 4066:, a successful merchant in 4062:The trade was organized by 3862:, the British commander in 3766:Battle of Connecticut Farms 2888:Battle of Sullivan's Island 2828:In Virginia, an attempt by 2789:began negotiating with the 2740:Capture of Fort Ticonderoga 2634:Battle of Sullivan's Island 2630:2nd South Carolina Regiment 2435:Second Continental Congress 2431:Declaration of Independence 2409:Declaration of Independence 2343:Declaration of Independence 1935:, and small territories in 1862:was forced to surrender at 1830:responded by launching the 1813:Declaration of Independence 1797:Second Continental Congress 1748:in 1783, which resulted in 131:The Death of General Warren 10: 29825: 29739:American Revolutionary War 28647:Red states and blue states 28552:City commission government 28547:Council–manager government 26482: 26244: 25906: 25777:Killing of Osama bin Laden 24865:First Continental Congress 24710: 24554:Jewish revolt in Palestine 24199:Fenian Rebellion in Canada 23844:Dwyer's guerrilla campaign 23736:American Revolutionary War 23302:War in North-West Pakistan 23152:Second Sumatran expedition 23117:American Revolutionary War 22580:American Revolutionary War 22403:Financial costs of the war 20910:First Continental Congress 20761:Royal Proclamation of 1763 20706:Second Rockingham ministry 20545:American Revolutionary War 19240:Washington at Valley Forge 19237:Freedman, Russell (2008). 19010:Clode, Charles M. (1869). 18989:Clarfield, Gerard (1992). 18807: 18733:. Totallyhistory.com. 2012 18599: 18317:Ward, Christopher (1952). 17983:Taafe, Stephen R. (2003). 17982: 17736: 17635:Showalter, Dennis (2007). 17341:Eighteenth-Century Studies 17194: 17172:Rappleye, Charles (2010). 17086:. McFarland. p. 135. 16888: 16804: 16747:Otfinoski, Steven (2008). 16291:McGeorge, Wallace (1905). 15845: 15809:. Henry Holt and Company. 15788:. Henry Holt and Company. 15722:. Oxford UP. p. 163. 15694: 15467: 15321:Hogeland, William (2017). 15025:Grainger, John D. (2005). 14683: 14482:Edler, Friedrich (2001) . 14481: 14368:Dull, Jonathan R (2015) . 14339:. Vol. 2. J. Murray. 14332: 14134:Curtis, Edward E. (1926). 14107:online at Internet Archive 14025:Clode, Charles M. (1869). 13941:Chávez, Thomas E. (2002). 13531:Boatner, Mark M. (1974) . 13470:. In Michael Duffy (ed.). 13236:Baker, Mark Allen (2014). 13071:Archuleta, Roy A. (2006). 13044:William and Mary Quarterly 12887: 12768:American Historical Review 12475: 11572: , pp. 14–16 , 35, 38 11569: 11266: 11239: 11164: 10606: 9559: 9243: 8612: 8600: 8588: 7911: 7861:Paine, Kramnick (Ed.) 1982 7766:wearehistoricalsociety.org 7452:, "Patriots or Terrorists" 7422: 7357:, "British Army 1775–1783" 7153: 6722:; the Navy comes from the 6637:"Natural way" of immunity. 6350:(5,723), flying this flag. 6187:United States Bicentennial 5659: 5524: 5404: 5343: 5187: 5103: 5029: 4945: 4939: 4849: 4825:Charlestown, Massachusetts 4814:islands in the Caribbean; 4790: 4784: 4748: 4711: 4705: 4662:United States Marine Corps 4626: 4616: 4606: 4506: 4500: 4268: 4221:, but they dispersed when 4180:Virginia County courthouse 4013: 3977:Wilmington, North Carolina 3958:, who defeated Tarleton's 3795: 3641: 3456:Battle of Flamborough Head 3435: 3266:maneuvers and (inset) the 3244: 3233:. With the exception of a 3193:Bucks County, Pennsylvania 3189:crossed the Delaware River 3172:officer, took part in the 3126: 2942: 2936: 2753:Beginning in August 1775, 2728:fortify Dorchester Heights 2682:shot heard round the world 2638:Charleston, South Carolina 2600:Shot heard round the world 2593: 2412: 2326: 2313:Newfoundland cod fisheries 2266:First Continental Congress 2251:First Continental Congress 2244: 2090: 2044:Royal Proclamation of 1763 2015:from their possessions in 1964: 1958: 1672:American Revolutionary War 1428:130,000 dead from smallpox 1413:178,800–223,800 total dead 544:Br. Canadien mil., Fr. led 44:American Revolutionary War 29: 29656: 29482: 29355: 29287: 28940: 28936: 28927: 28875: 28740: 28731: 28627: 28598: 28575: 28514: 28481: 28472: 28415: 28403:Comparison of governments 28378: 28341: 28318: 28234: 28214: 28145: 28083: 28005: 27928: 27786: 27777: 27773: 27764: 27486: 27477: 27422: 27382:Post-Cold War (1991–2008) 27223:drafting and ratification 27196:Articles of Confederation 27109: 27043: 27034: 26955: 26921: 26865: 26829: 26817: 26556: 26530: 26492: 26488: 26477: 26250: 26239: 25912: 25901: 25767: 25670: 25598: 25499: 25410: 25361:Wall Street Crash of 1929 25292: 25173: 25158:Emancipation Proclamation 25089: 25012: 24960: 24927:Articles of Confederation 24880: 24765:Native American epidemics 24745: 24720: 24716: 24705: 24687: 24388: 24325:Jameson Raid South Africa 23859: 23612: 23473: 23347: 23147:First Sumatran expedition 23109: 22948: 22941: 22882: 22863: 22827: 22747: 22706: 22680: 22604: 22595: 22586: 22370: 22339: 22315: 22311: 22296: 22257:Constitutional Convention 22237:Society of the Cincinnati 22232: 22221: 22146: 22041: 21885: 21878: 21823: 21742: 21735: 21731: 21720: 21677: 21599: 21585: 21559: 21526:Carlisle Peace Commission 21488: 21360:Siege of Fort Ticonderoga 21289: 21214: 21167: 21134: 21097: 21090: 21086: 21056: 21025:Hutchinson letters affair 20992: 20975:Articles of Confederation 20835: 20822:Proclamation of Rebellion 20734: 20686:First Rockingham ministry 20663: 20630:All men are created equal 20569: 20565: 20551: 20277:10.1017/S0022050700040602 20222:10.1017/S0022050700040602 20159:. Nps.gov. April 25, 2013 20149:American Military History 20111:Turner, Frederick Jackson 20018:. ABC-CLIO. p. 374. 20012:Smith, Merril D. (2015). 20001:Selig, Robert A. (1999). 19882:Reich, Jerome R. (1997). 19756:Atlas Of American History 18944:Caughey, John W. (1998). 18922: 18267:. Encyclopedia Britannica 18193:. 94, 2008 (2): 160–175. 17907:Stockley, Andrew (2001). 17864:Stedman, Charles (1794). 17743:. Penguin Books Limited. 17688:. Colonial Williamsburg. 17614:Scott, Hamish M. (1990). 17591:10.1017/S0018246X00023499 17527:Schecter, Barnet (2003). 17393:Rose, Alexander (2014) . 17079: 16938:Pearson, Jesse T (2005). 16924:Paullin, Charles (1906). 16811:. Yale University Press. 16648:Nelson, Larry L. (1999). 16156:. Boston: Little, Brown. 16097:. Purple Mountain Press. 16091:Lowenthal, Larry (2009). 16036:General George Washington 15947:Lanning, Michael (2012). 15926:Lanning, Michael (2009). 15890:Lanctot, Gustave (1967). 15408:The New England Quarterly 15324:Autumn of the Black Snake 14972: 14905: 14448:Eelking, Max von (1893). 14403:. Yale University Press. 14322:Debrett, J., ed. (1781). 14168:Daughan, George (2011) . 14004:Clayton, Anthony (2014). 13864:The French and Indian War 13676:. New York: Basic Books. 13605:. John Wiley & Sons. 13256: 12985:. ABC-CLIO. p. 356. 12335:Treaty of Greenville 1795 11757:The New England Quarterly 11620: 10829:Freeman and Harwell (ed.) 10302: 10266: 9730: 7344:Beerman 1979, pp. 177–179 7333:Gayarré 1867, pp. 125–126 7255:Keiley 1912, "Rochambeau" 7220:U.S. Merchant Marine 2012 6752:In what was known as the 6649:Illinois County, Virginia 6297:Illinois County, Virginia 5979:1776 in the United States 5950:150th anniversary of the 5911:150th anniversary of the 5714: 5646:Washington administration 5603:Kentucky County, Virginia 5157:1st Rhode Island Regiment 5119:1st Rhode Island Regiment 5081:The New England Quarterly 4999:Carlisle Peace Commission 4701: 4685:. On March 10, 1783, the 4283:fleet (left) engages the 3571:France's war with Britain 3553:'s joint expedition with 3446:Carlisle Peace Commission 3310:captured Fort Ticonderoga 3197:Mercer County, New Jersey 2975:Battle of Fort Washington 2945:Battle of Fort Washington 2853:Third Virginia Convention 2825:alienated the Canadians. 2654:Governor of Massachusetts 2533:in October 1777, and the 2387:Proclamation of Rebellion 2282:First Virginia Convention 2147:First Rockingham ministry 1744:. The war ended with the 1588: 1398: 1185: 795: 536:Br. Canadien, Cong. rgts. 291: 152: 56: 48: 43: 29422:Prescription drug prices 28542:Mayor–council government 28532:Coterminous municipality 28522:Consolidated city-county 28288:Agriculture commissioner 27938:House of Representatives 27846:National Security Agency 27496:Contiguous United States 26847:Northern Mariana Islands 25420:Strike wave of 1945–1946 24536:Arab revolt in Palestine 24133:Second Anglo-Burmese War 23875:Second Anglo-Maratha War 23766:Australian frontier wars 23101:2021 U.S. Capitol attack 23061:Battle of Blair Mountain 22845:Pennsylvania Line Mutiny 21521:Entry of France into war 21136:Kingdom of Great Britain 20033:Southey, Robert (1831). 19963:. Macmillan. p. 5. 19816:port praya suffren 1781. 19577:. Kessinger Publishing. 19513:Kohn, George C. (2006). 19354:Jensen, Merrill (2004). 19205:Fortescue, John (1902). 19158:Fleming, Thomas (1970). 19123:Duncan, Francis (1879). 18620:Websites without authors 18556:Wood, Gordon S. (2017). 18477:Wilson, David K (2005). 18458:Whiteley, Peter (1996). 18409:Weeks, William (2015) . 17837:Canada Invaded 1775–1776 17833:Stanley, George (1973). 17514:. New American library. 17441:. Taylor & Francis. 17180:. Simon & Schuster. 17130:Rankin, Hugh F. (1987). 16889:Pares, Richard (1963) . 16808:The Men Who Lost America 16590:. Boydell & Brewer. 16463:Morley, Vincent (2002). 16457:foreword by Joseph Ellis 16394:Miller, John C. (1959). 16256:McCrady, Edward (1901). 16169:—— (2020) . 16114:Mackesy, Piers (1993) . 15657:Katcher, Philip (1973). 15342:Horn, Pierre L. (1989). 15300:Hoffman, Ronald (1981). 15063:. Blackwell Publishers. 14864:General Gage's Informers 14826:Fortescue, John (1902). 14547:Encyclopædia Britannica 14471:Eclov, Jon Paul (2013). 14140:. Yale University Press. 14057:Conway, Stephen (2002). 13962:Chartrand, René (2006). 13861:Cave, Alfred A. (2004). 13844:New Georgia Encyclopedia 13697:. Columbus, Ohio: Heer. 13647:"Patriots or Terrorists" 13588:Brown, Weldon A (1941). 13552:Borick, Carl P. (2003). 13489:—— (2001) . 13178:Bailyn, Bernard (2007). 13021:Ammerman, David (1974). 12161:Morris, R.B. Morris 1983 8701: 8046:, National Park Services 7411:Savas & Dameron 2006 6825:of 1796 under President 6803:Weigley 1973, ch. 2 6471:Battle of the Chesapeake 6299:) at the county seat of 6273:Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu 6225: 5991:Topics of the Revolution 5872:was issued in 1849, the 5650:Jefferson administration 5340:Changing Prime Ministers 5269:Battle of Fort Charlotte 5138:Philipsburg Proclamation 5025: 4970:Battle of Kings Mountain 4371:Battle of the Chesapeake 4289:Battle of the Chesapeake 3984:Battle of Hobkirk's Hill 3945:Battle of Kings Mountain 3505:Silas Deane was sent to 3492:government front company 3351:Friedrich Adolf Riedesel 3069:Battle of Harlem Heights 2866:began on November 19 in 2517:. Fighting began in the 2087:Taxation and legislation 1913:a new British government 1693:forces organized as the 1422:17,000 dead from disease 29507:Criticism of government 28852:Social welfare programs 28445:State-recognized tribes 27430:Outline of U.S. history 27142:Continental Association 26382:Middle Eastern American 26199:Technology and industry 25069:Seneca Falls Convention 24870:Continental Association 24770:Settlement of Jamestown 24530:Second Mohmand campaign 24265:Third Anglo-Burmese War 24229:Second Anglo-Afghan War 24031:First Anglo-Burmese War 24007:Third Anglo-Maratha War 23838:Fourth Anglo-Mysore War 23748:Second Anglo-Mysore War 23742:First Anglo-Maratha War 23360:Wars involving the U.S. 23197:Philippine–American War 23081:1960s ghetto rebellions 22252:Ratification Day (1784) 21577:Second Anglo-Mysore War 21261:Northern after Saratoga 21241:New York and New Jersey 20915:Continental Association 20812:Conciliatory Resolution 20671:Pitt–Newcastle ministry 20644:Consent of the governed 20503:April 15, 2023, at the 20124:Volo, M. James (2006). 20036:The life of Lord Nelson 19949:. Boston: C.W. Sawyer. 19711:—— (2014). 19696:10.1111/1468-229X.12014 19277:Frey, Sylvia R (1982). 19222:. Infobase Publishing. 19053:Creigh, Alfred (1871). 18762:U.S. National Archives 18600:Yaniz, Jose I. (2009). 18512:. Seaforth Publishing. 18462:. Hambledon Continuum. 18449:White, Matthew (2010). 18431:The American Way of War 18341:Ward, Harry M. (1999). 18323:. New York: Macmillan. 18099:—— (1912). 18028:Tellier, L.-N. (2009). 17811:—— (1907). 17737:Simms, Brendan (2009). 17682:Selby, John E. (2007). 17556:(149). Wiley: 207–212. 17435:Rossman, Vadim (2016). 17311:. Yumpu. Archived from 17080:Raab, James W. (2007). 16805:—— (2013). 16235:Mays, Terry M. (2016). 16150:—— (1898). 15998:—— (1891). 15824:Kolchin, Peter (1994). 15803:—— (2014). 15782:—— (2014). 15761:—— (1997). 15678:Keiley, Jarvis (1912). 15528:Jasanoff, Maya (2012). 15279:—— (1987). 15234:—— (2008). 15178:Hazard, Samuel (1829). 15157:Harvey, Robert (2004). 14809:Washington's Secret War 14807:—— (2006). 14777:—— (1902). 14642:—— (2015). 14621:—— (2007). 14587:Faust, Albert Bernhardt 14557:Encyclopædia Britannica 14527:—— (2013). 14397:—— (1987). 14147:Dale, Anderson (2005). 13926:10.1111/1468-2281.12183 13890:Oxford University Press 13796:Carp, E. Wayne (1990). 13670:—— (2008). 13599:Buchanan, John (1997). 13510:—— (2011). 13358:. Pageant Book Company. 13306:Belcher, Henry (1911). 13134:—— (2014). 13092:Atwood, Rodney (2002). 12979:—— (2010). 12960:Alden, John R. (1976). 12939:—— (1969). 7587:, "American Revolution" 7309:Encyclopædia Britannica 7015:Seineke 1981, p. 36, fn 6541:global, 171,000 sailors 6119:Thirteen Colony economy 5829:Republican value system 5648:and later again in the 5446:William Temple Franklin 4931:Revolution as civil war 4863:troops surrender after 4681:, commanded by Captain 4410:Strategy and commanders 4109:siege of Fort Vincennes 4004:Battle of Eutaw Springs 3921:Williamson's Plantation 3832:Cowpens, South Carolina 3397:Pennsylvania State Navy 3347:Battle of Bemis Heights 3343:reconnaissance in force 3339:Battle of Freeman Farms 2927:New London, Connecticut 2644:On April 14, 1775, Sir 2278:Continental Association 1628:Northern after Saratoga 1613:New York and New Jersey 1521:5,300 dead from disease 1455:371 killed – W. Florida 113:Clockwise from top left 29569:Environmental movement 29412:Health insurance costs 29307:Educational attainment 28832:Federal Reserve System 28790:Science and technology 28293:Insurance commissioner 27831:Intelligence Community 27526:minor outlying islands 27289:Civil rights movement 26502:Admission to the Union 25868:Afghanistan withdrawal 25863:January 6 insurrection 25782:Rise in mass shootings 25754:Virginia Tech shooting 25307:Paris Peace Conference 25081:Second Great Awakening 24820:American Enlightenment 24470:Third Anglo-Afghan War 24355:First Mohmand campaign 24079:First Anglo-Afghan War 23778:Third Anglo-Mysore War 23405:Conscientious objector 23307:First Libyan Civil War 23177:Second Fiji expedition 23157:Ivory Coast expedition 23091:1992 Los Angeles riots 23051:Colorado Coalfield War 22943:Listed chronologically 22513:Sons of the Revolution 22242:Treaty of Paris (1783) 21572:Fourth Anglo-Dutch War 21567:Cherokee–American wars 21180:Franco-American Treaty 21035:Philadelphia Tea Party 21005:Treaty of Paris (1763) 20984:Confederation Congress 20577:American Enlightenment 20459: 20439:Listen to this article 20426:Political bibliography 20172:Weir, William (2004). 19957:Schiff, Stacy (2006). 19492:Knight, Peter (2003). 19358:. Hackett Publishing. 19296:Gilbert, Alan (2012). 19129:. London: John Murray. 19067:Cook, Fred J. (1959). 19021:Commager, Henry Steele 18923:Cate, Alan C. (2006). 18870:British Army (1916) . 18506:Winfield, Rif (2007). 18083:Trevelyan, George Otto 17949:Syrett, David (1998). 17928:Stone, Bailey (1994). 17579:The Historical Journal 17414:Rose, Michael (2013). 16874:. Simon and Schuster. 16847:Pancake, John (1985). 16770:Early American Studies 16753:. Marshall Cavendish. 16690:O'Brien, Greg (2008). 15968:Lass, William (1980). 15584:Jones, Howard (2002). 15513:. Literary Licensing. 15468:Inman, George (1903). 15081:Grenier, John (2005). 14954:Golway, Terry (2005). 14906:Gaff, Alan D. (2004). 14861:French, Allen (1932). 14843:. Simon and Schuster. 14717:Fischer, David Hackett 14684:Field, Edward (1898). 14600:Ferling, John (2003). 14150:The Battle of Yorktown 14113:Crocker, H.W. (2006). 14084:. Francis and Taylor. 13823:. U of Toronto Press. 13637:. London: Jay Dodsley. 13466:Black, Jeremy (1992). 13434:Bicheno, Hugh (2014). 13384:Berkin, Carol (2005). 13347:(PhD). Rice Institute. 13201:Early American Studies 13113:Axelrod, Alan (2009). 12863:. Amos Media Company. 12644:65.3 (1978): 623–653. 12439:, "Frenchmen who died" 12149:Ward and Prothero 1925 12137:Namier and Brooke 1985 12089:Greene & Pole 2008 11069:Greene & Pole 2008 11033:Greene & Pole 2008 10622:Greene & Pole 2008 10219:Don Jaun Carlos I 1979 10012:Gordon and Keegan 2007 10000:Gordon and Keegan 2007 8412:Greene & Pole 2008 8126:Greene & Pole 2008 7849:Greene & Pole 2008 7786:Greene & Pole 2008 7438:Greene & Pole 2008 7307:"F. J. P. de Grasse", 7205:Greene & Pole 2008 6938:, a disease caused by 6898:Fourth Anglo-Dutch War 6348:Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 5791:American Enlightenment 5740: 5678: 5568: 5551:, then continued down 5511:Gulf of Saint Lawrence 5449: 5407:Treaty of Paris (1783) 5367:head of the Royal Navy 5239:Cherokee–American wars 5237:, who perpetuated the 5210: 5122: 5048: 5020:American Establishment 5004:tarring and feathering 4973: 4907:made little progress. 4877:hired foreign soldiers 4872: 4810: 4647: 4533: 4482:distribution systems. 4420: 4308: 4292: 4040: 4031:surrenders to Colonel 3881:Battle of Kettle Creek 3835: 3811: 3762:Wilhelm von Knyphausen 3719:, attempted to retake 3686:Battle of Rhode Island 3664: 3638:Stalemate in the North 3562: 3559:Battle of Rhode Island 3471: 3312:on July 5. As General 3271: 3227:Morristown, New Jersey 3184: 3158: 3077:Battle of White Plains 3073:Battle of Pell's Point 2978: 2841:Dunmore's Proclamation 2658:Concord, Massachusetts 2641: 2617: 2608:The British repulse a 2488:read to his troops in 2365: 2000: 1967:American Enlightenment 1917:Treaties of Versailles 1836:clandestinely crossing 1756:of the United States. 1582:Campaigns and theaters 1458:4,000 dead – prisoners 1425:25,000–70,000 war dead 796:Commanders and leaders 29395:Immigrant health care 28910:Transportation safety 28905:Transportation policy 28895:Public transportation 27965:President pro tempore 27821:Executive departments 27590:National Park Service 27245:Territorial evolution 26494:Territorial evolution 25858:George Floyd Protests 25841:Unite the Right rally 25710:Oklahoma City bombing 25705:Republican Revolution 25652:Space Shuttle program 25474:Civil Rights Movement 25442:North Atlantic Treaty 25250:Sherman Antitrust Act 25235:Chinese Exclusion Act 24825:French and Indian War 24815:Prelude to Revolution 24800:First Great Awakening 24760:European colonization 24127:Second Anglo-Sikh War 23784:Cotiote (Wayanad) War 23670:French and Indian War 23375:Territorial evolution 23355:Conflicts in the U.S. 23277:Intervention in Haiti 23167:First Fiji expedition 22458:Washington's Birthday 22263:The Federalist Papers 22247:Evacuation Day (1783) 21300:Lexington and Concord 21000:French and Indian War 20940:Olive Branch Petition 20458: 20406:Bibliographies online 20335:. Bruce H. Franklin. 19951:online at Hathi Trust 19943:Sawyer, C.W. (1910). 19592:Levy, Andrew (2007). 18745:U.S. Merchant Marine 18688:Maryland State House 18577:Wood, W. J. (2003) . 17785:. Osprey Publishing. 17779:Smith, David (2012). 17720:Naval Institute Press 17704:Simmons, Edwin Howard 17117:on September 23, 2020 16897:online at Hathi Trust 16782:10.1353/eam.2007.0037 16484:Morrill, Dan (1993). 15870:The Jamestown Project 15687:Catholic Encyclopedia 14891:. The History Press. 14722:Washington's Crossing 14695:Finger, John (2001). 14341:online at Hathi Trust 14261:Davis, Burke (1975). 13983:Chernow, Ron (2010). 13699:online at Hathi Trust 13495:. Sutton Publishing. 13405:Bibko, Julia (2016). 13213:10.1353/eam.2015.0003 13140:. SAGE Publications. 12841:Anton-Hermann Chroust 11696:Historical Essay 2009 10903:, "Last Naval Battle" 10867: , pp. 11–12, 16 9821:National Park Service 8472:Watson and Clark 1960 8462: vol. 1, p. 242 7974:, vol. 3, pp. 162–165 7713:Watson and Clark 1960 7701:Watson and Clark 1960 6621:infamous prison ships 6461:commanded by Admiral 6265:2nd Canadian Regiment 6253:1st Canadian Regiment 5938:stamp, issued in 1928 5817:contend that Locke's 5722: 5670:Mass graves from the 5669: 5660:Further information: 5656:Casualties and losses 5534: 5472:president of Congress 5414: 5405:Further information: 5197: 5113: 5039: 4959: 4859: 4800: 4749:Further information: 4712:Further information: 4643:commanded by Captain 4636: 4627:Further information: 4527:Charles Willson Peale 4520: 4417: 4298: 4278: 4243:Gnadenhutten massacre 4023: 3817: 3805: 3770:Battle of Springfield 3661:Battle of Springfield 3655: 3548: 3453: 3410:Battle of White Marsh 3262: 3251:Philadelphia campaign 3245:Further information: 3164: 3144: 3127:Further information: 3093:Newport, Rhode Island 3042:Battle of Long Island 3027:military intelligence 2993:near the entrance to 2956: 2949:Battle of Long Island 2943:Further information: 2724:French and Indian War 2713:Battle of Bunker Hill 2709:Charlestown Peninsula 2623: 2607: 2594:Further information: 2391:Battle at Bunker Hill 2380:, Colonial Secretary 2374:Olive Branch Petition 2336: 2329:Olive Branch Petition 2245:Further information: 2091:Further information: 2080:colonial legislatures 2037:Appalachian Mountains 1993:French and Indian War 1982: 1965:Further information: 1955:Prelude to revolution 1399:Casualties and losses 174:Eastern North America 139:Battle of Long Island 135:Battle of Bunker Hill 29809:Wars of independence 29564:Environmental issues 29229:Political ideologies 29128:Indigenous languages 28328:List of legislatures 28125:separation of powers 27826:Independent agencies 27752:World Heritage Sites 27387:September 11 attacks 27310:Spanish–American War 27250:Mexican–American War 27206:Confederation period 27137:Continental Congress 26408:Palestinian American 25835:Obergefell v. Hodges 25727:September 11 attacks 25563:Second-wave feminism 25484:Cuban Missile Crisis 25344:Bath School disaster 25262:Spanish–American War 25225:The Gospel of Wealth 25104:California Gold Rush 25064:Mexican–American War 25054:Nullification crisis 25022:Era of Good Feelings 24922:Confederation period 24830:Proclamation of 1763 24780:Atlantic slave trade 24289:Hunza–Nagar Campaign 24097:First Anglo-Sikh War 24073:Egyptian–Ottoman War 23237:Bay of Pigs Invasion 23192:Spanish–American War 23162:Mexican–American War 23086:Kent State shootings 23076:Puerto Rican revolts 23006:American Indian Wars 22789:Artillery Regiments 22463:Jefferson's Birthday 22453:Pulaski Memorial Day 21460:Guilford Court House 21111:Continental Congress 20888:Committees of safety 20863:Daughters of Liberty 20858:Virginia Association 20607:Rights of Englishmen 20490:More spoken articles 20178:. Prometheus Books. 20157:"Springfield Armory" 20072:Trew, Peter (2006). 19732:Miller, Ken (2014). 19616:Library of Congress 19537:. Kent, Ohio: 1996. 18827:(Smithsonian, 2018) 18672:Aron, Paul (2020) . 18658:on November 17, 2007 18347:. Psychology Press. 18191:The Mariner's Mirror 18139:Bicentennial Edition 17841:. Toronto: Hakkert. 17493:. Savas Beatie LLC. 17420:. Orion Publishers. 17380:on February 13, 2012 17328:Risch, Erna (1981). 17307:Rinaldi, Richard A. 16850:This Destructive War 16832:. Penguin Classics. 16353:The Mariner's Mirror 16137:Mahan, Alfred Thayer 16060:. Harper Perennial. 16001:A History of England 15421:10.1162/tneq_a_00452 15345:Marquis de Lafayette 13537:. D. McKay Company. 13027:. New York: Norton. 11771:10.1162/TNEQ_a_00452 11524: vol. 3, p. 139 11500:, pp. 20–21, 282–283 9879: , pp. 232, 302 9208:Stedman 1794, Vol. 1 8895: , pp. 191, 269 8787: , pp. 111, 130 8390: vol. 1, p. 293 7285:Beerman 1979, p. 181 6911:British Armed Forces 6839:Fort Michilimackinac 6285:Augustin de La Balme 6240:Confederation period 5799:classical liberalism 5783:rights as Englishmen 5610:Indian barrier state 5329:Northwest Indian War 5235:Chickamauga Cherokee 5221:Early in July 1776, 5127:Southern plantations 4562:the American cause. 4529:, now housed in the 4291:on September 5, 1781 4251:Battle of Blue Licks 4215:Augustin de La Balme 4188:Licking River Valley 4055:, then ship them to 3717:Penobscot Expedition 3535:Charles III of Spain 3432:Foreign intervention 3362:Battle of Brandywine 3319:Battle of Bennington 2981:After regrouping at 2859:on January 1, 1776. 2823:New England colonies 2748:Halifax, Nova Scotia 2652:since 1763 and also 2584:Vincennes University 2270:Petition to the King 2257:elected lower houses 1868:commercial agreement 265:Great Britain cedes 250:Great Britain cedes 216:First British Empire 178:North Atlantic Ocean 29407:Health care finance 28900:Rail transportation 28666:Imperial presidency 28388:State constitutions 28333:List of legislators 28283:Auditor/Comptroller 28256:Lieutenant governor 27982:Library of Congress 27873:Diplomatic Security 27516:Indian reservations 27179:American Revolution 26857:U.S. Virgin Islands 26343:Lithuanian American 26299:Vietnamese American 25645:End of the Cold War 25635:Invasion of Grenada 25585:Iran hostage crisis 25334:Tulsa race massacre 25141:Election of Lincoln 25136:Dred Scott decision 25124:Kansas–Nebraska Act 25027:Missouri Compromise 24945:Northwest Ordinance 24935:Pennsylvania Mutiny 24930:and Perpetual Union 24890:American Revolution 24805:War of Jenkins' Ear 24542:Waziristan campaign 24476:Waziristan campaign 24169:Revolt of Rajab Ali 23646:War of Jenkins' Ear 23252:Invasion of Grenada 23247:Dominican Civil War 22840:Newburgh Conspiracy 21591:colony or location) 21546:Newburgh Conspiracy 21405:Sullivan Expedition 20925:Provincial Congress 20716:Fox–North coalition 20655:Settler colonialism 20602:Freedom of religion 20559:American Revolution 20398:The Partisan in War 20373:Library of Congress 19930:on October 31, 2009 19717:. London: Pearson. 19623:Library of Congress 19195:George Rogers Clark 19160:The Perils of Peace 18788:. August 12, 2019 . 18728:Totallyhistory.com 18264:American Revolution 18238:Wallace, Willard M. 18157:on March 11, 2008. 17716:Annapolis, Maryland 17620:. Clarendon Press. 17511:Rebels and Redcoats 17157:. UNC Press Books. 16673:. Stackpole Books. 16629:Nash, Gary (2005). 16324:Middlekauff, Robert 16308:. Stackpole Books. 15663:. Stackpole Books. 15237:Redcoats and Rebels 14939:. Hill & Wang. 13913:Historical Research 13802:. UNC Press Books. 13417:(1). Archived from 13363:Benn, Carl (1993). 13338:Bellot, LJ (1960). 12535:McDonald, Forrest. 12250:, "Treaty of Paris" 12238: , pp. 218–221 12226: , pp. 144–151 12163: , pp. 435–436 11011: , pp. 188–198 10999:, pp. 203, 303, 391 10891: , pp. 331–346 10879: , pp. 331–346 10738: , pp. 258–261 10406: , pp. 247–248 10086: , pp. 234–238 9867: , pp. 174–175 9721: , pp. 174–176 9695:Chernow 2010 (2011) 9676: , pp. 175–188 9328:Chernow 2010 (2011) 9063: Vol. 4, p. 57 8907: , pp. 650–670 8519:Russell 2000, p. 73 7004:Everest 1977, p. 38 6732:Continental Marines 6081:Watauga Association 5913:Battles of Saratoga 5874:U.S. Postal Service 5744:resemblance to the 5726:Novus ordo seclorum 5672:Battles of Saratoga 5620:additional British 5527:American Revolution 5505:, off the coast of 5359:Lord George Germain 5346:Fox-North coalition 5325:Western Confederacy 5227:Washington District 5202:of the British-led 5074:On April 26, 1777, 4912:Frederick the Great 4905:Catherine the Great 4658:Continental Marines 4613:Continental Marines 4521:A 1776 portrait of 4474:American Revolution 4247:Crawford expedition 4033:George Rogers Clark 3808:siege of Charleston 3732:Sullivan Expedition 3490:to secretly fund a 3268:Battles of Saratoga 3220:Battle of Princeton 3154:portrait depicting 3137:Battle of Princeton 3065:landed at Kip's Bay 2925:, they returned to 2755:American privateers 2676:, commander of the 2580:George Rogers Clark 2550:Northwest Territory 2542:George Rogers Clark 2323:Political reactions 2309:British West Indies 2009:1763 Peace of Paris 1961:American Revolution 1890:Howe's replacement 1876:Sullivan Expedition 1684:American Revolution 1074:Lord George Germain 958:George Rogers Clark 51:American Revolution 32:American Revolution 29517:affirmative action 29490:Capital punishment 29449:Poverty and health 29444:Physician shortage 29417:Health care prices 29347:Standard of living 29030:standard of living 28837:Financial position 28464:Hawaiian home land 28452:Indian reservation 28425:Tribal sovereignty 28268:Secretary of state 28137:United States Code 28053:Territorial courts 28025:Associate Justices 27910:Inspector generals 27397:War in Afghanistan 27260:Reconstruction era 27127:Stamp Act Congress 26507:Historical regions 26463:Transgender people 26021:Capital punishment 25880:Support of Ukraine 25829:Black Lives Matter 25737:War in Afghanistan 25662:Invasion of Panama 25618:Iran–Contra affair 25479:Early–mid Cold War 25349:Harlem Renaissance 25208:Compromise of 1877 25183:Reconstruction era 25119:Fugitive Slave Act 25114:Compromise of 1850 25059:Westward expansion 24997:Louisiana Purchase 24840:Stamp Act Congress 24785:King William's War 24416:Bambatha Rebellion 24331:Anglo-Zanzibar War 24319:Chitral Expedition 24253:Anglo-Egyptian War 24025:Anglo-Ashanti wars 23730:Lord Dunmore's War 23688:Anglo-Cherokee War 23597:King William's War 23292:War in Afghanistan 23262:Invasion of Panama 23257:Lebanese Civil War 23182:Formosa Expedition 23142:Second Barbary War 23096:2020 racial unrest 23031:Johnson County War 23026:Lincoln County War 23001:American Civil War 22996:Harpers Ferry raid 22971:Turner's Rebellion 22493:Semiquincentennial 22418:Libertas Americana 20848:Stamp Act Congress 20738:Acts of Parliament 20711:Shelburne ministry 20681:Grenville ministry 20460: 20395:Emmerich, Adreas. 20064:Symonds, Craig L. 20057:(Routledge, 2009) 19921:Royal Navy Museum 19545:. Militia warfare. 19516:Dictionary of Wars 19070:What Manner of Men 18705:The History Place 17315:on August 17, 2021 15738:Ketchum, Richard M 13986:Washington: A Life 13074:Where We Come from 12964:. Harper Collins. 12658:American Quarterly 12607:, pp. 3–8, 186–187 11671:, "Camp Followers" 11450:O'Saughnessy, 2004 11416:, pp. 121, 141–142 9460:Spain Society; SAR 9354:, pp. 322, 417–418 8955:, pp. 206–208, 254 8282:, pp. 183, 198–209 7912:O'Shaughnessy 2013 7690:– via JSTOR. 7561:Forgotten Patriots 7462:Peckham (ed.) 1974 7398: , pp. 6, 176 7093:Flags of the World 6876:American Civil War 6488:Bernardo de Gálvez 6289:marched on Detroit 6242:from 1781 to 1783. 6141:Legacy and related 5870:U.S. postage stamp 5853:new social history 5752:ultimately end in 5741: 5679: 5569: 5545:Bull's Head Tavern 5537:British evacuation 5450: 5277:siege of Pensacola 5211: 5174:Ethiopian Regiment 5123: 5049: 4974: 4873: 4867:'s victory at the 4811: 4648: 4547:Alexander Hamilton 4539:United States Army 4534: 4454:besieged Gibraltar 4421: 4309: 4293: 4045:Bernardo de Gálvez 4041: 4025:Province of Quebec 3986:, they recaptured 3951:in December 1780. 3897:recapture Savannah 3870:in December 1778. 3866:, to advance into 3851:controlled by the 3843:to the north, and 3836: 3812: 3747:Continental dollar 3670:Battle of Monmouth 3665: 3567:Treaty of Aranjuez 3563: 3527:Treaty of Alliance 3511:French West Indies 3498:in the Caribbean. 3472: 3405:Battle of Red Bank 3327:Battle of Oriskany 3272: 3185: 3159: 3123:Patriot resurgence 3097:Charles Cornwallis 3019:Benjamin Tallmadge 3007:Knowlton's Rangers 2979: 2967:Lower New York Bay 2857:Burning of Norfolk 2642: 2618: 2366: 2286:economic sanctions 2203:East India Company 2170:by the Tory-based 2123:Grenville ministry 2001: 1885:Treaty of Aranjuez 1872:Treaty of Alliance 1805:state of rebellion 1302:: 1 fleet; escorts 1134:Charles Cornwallis 1001:Bernardo de Gálvez 29784:Conflicts in 1783 29779:Conflicts in 1782 29774:Conflicts in 1781 29769:Conflicts in 1780 29764:Conflicts in 1779 29759:Conflicts in 1778 29754:Conflicts in 1777 29749:Conflicts in 1776 29744:Conflicts in 1775 29692: 29691: 29652: 29651: 29648: 29647: 29618:National security 29327:Income inequality 29207:Statue of Liberty 29010:income inequality 28923: 28922: 28915:Trucking industry 28727: 28726: 28723: 28722: 28654:Foreign relations 28642:Electoral College 28623: 28622: 28411: 28410: 28363:District attorney 28210: 28209: 28037:Courts of appeals 27760: 27759: 27473: 27472: 27414:COVID-19 pandemic 27367:Feminist Movement 27213:American frontier 27132:Thirteen Colonies 26993: 26992: 26951: 26950: 26947: 26946: 26512:American frontier 26473: 26472: 26403:Lebanese American 26388:Egyptian American 26323:Estonian American 26313:Albanian American 26307:European American 26284:Japanese American 26274:Filipino American 26235: 26234: 25897: 25896: 25893: 25892: 25846:COVID-19 pandemic 25749:Hurricane Katrina 25690:Los Angeles riots 25580:Watergate scandal 25425:Start of Cold War 25393:Manhattan Project 24980:Whiskey Rebellion 24810:King George's War 24775:Thirteen Colonies 24736:Pre-Columbian Era 24647: 24646: 24578:Malayan Emergency 24488:Malabar rebellion 24349:Siege of Malakand 24295:Anglo-Manipur War 24151:Anglo-Persian War 23700:Anglo-Spanish War 23652:King George's War 23573:King Philip's War 23549:Anglo-Spanish War 23428: 23427: 23390:Casualties of war 23222:Russian Civil War 23187:Korean Expedition 23132:First Barbary War 23011:Brooks–Baxter War 22966:Fries's Rebellion 22961:Whiskey Rebellion 22903: 22902: 22823: 22822: 22732:Ottendorf's Corps 22541: 22540: 22537: 22536: 22533: 22532: 22292: 22291: 22279:Shays's Rebellion 22217: 22216: 22213: 22212: 22209: 22208: 22142: 22141: 22109:Richard Henry Lee 21874: 21873: 21716: 21715: 21712: 21711: 21708: 21707: 21560:Related conflicts 21430:Connecticut Farms 21210: 21209: 21103:Thirteen Colonies 21052: 21051: 21048: 21047: 20456: 20383:digital library. 19477:. Penguin Books. 19243:. Holiday House. 19037:Conway, Stephen. 19025:Richard B. Morris 18974:. Phaidon Press. 18962:Chartrand, Rene. 18862:Bobrick, Benson. 18712:The History Place 18583:. Da Capo Press. 17533:. Penguin Books. 17367:Robinson Library 17136:. Da Capo Press. 17007:. Penguin Books. 16895:. F. Cass Press. 16386: 16268:McCullough, David 16199:. Vintage Books. 15953:. Citadel Press. 15550:Jefferson, Thomas 15534:. Vintage Books. 15256:Higginbotham, Don 15240:. Pen and Sword. 15031:. Boydell Press. 14811:. HarperCollins. 14456:J. G. Rosengarten 13989:. Penguin Press. 13968:. Bloomsbury US. 13651:American Heritage 13643:Burrows, Edwin G. 13594:. Kennikat Press. 13440:. HarperCollins. 13421:on April 12, 2021 12831:(2005) pp. 93–113 12712:Robin Winks, ed. 12593:Middlekauff, 2007 12571: , pp. 96–97 12559:, pp. 35, 134–149 11881:"Black Loyalists" 11548: , pp. 13–14 11009:Higginbotham 1983 10963: , pp. 82–83 10889:Higginbotham 1983 10877:Higginbotham 1987 10673:Higginbotham 1987 9674:Higginbotham 1983 9562: , pp. 28–32 9451:Renouf, Stephen. 8270: , pp. 75–77 8268:Higginbotham 1983 6993:Smith 1907, p. 86 6827:George Washington 6707:Second Mysore War 6531:ships-of-the-line 6475:siege of Yorktown 6424:In 1780, General 5952:siege of Yorktown 5746:U.S. Constitution 5683:smallpox epidemic 5541:St. Paul's Chapel 5539:, November 1783. 5438:Benjamin Franklin 5428:of (left–right): 5309:Joseph Louis Cook 5100:African Americans 5061:Saratoga campaign 5053:Martha Washington 4885:Holy Roman Empire 4869:Battle of Trenton 4852:Hessian (soldier) 4580:Baron von Steuben 4559:Fabian strategies 4468:American strategy 4313:Marriot Arbuthnot 4271:Yorktown campaign 4184:Cahokia, Illinois 3923:, Cedar Springs, 3909:Battle of Waxhaws 3905:Banastre Tarleton 3876:captured Savannah 3860:Augustine Prévost 3849:Atlantic seaboard 3834:, in January 1781 3828:Battle of Cowpens 3751:Pennsylvania Line 3694:Little Egg Harbor 3264:Saratoga campaign 3247:Saratoga campaign 3235:minor skirmishing 3204:Battle of Trenton 3182:George Washington 3178:Battle of Trenton 3150:, an iconic 1851 3133:Battle of Trenton 3116:Order of the Bath 3009:, which included 2977:in November 1776. 2957:The British used 2809:until victory at 2705:Sir Henry Clinton 2688:, which was then 2590:Early engagements 2572:Italian Americans 2554:southern strategy 2486:George Washington 2459:Robert Livingston 2451:Benjamin Franklin 2439:Committee of Five 2403:additional troops 2363:Benjamin Franklin 2355:Robert Livingston 2339:Committee of Five 2211:Thirteen Colonies 2121:The 1763 to 1765 2056:Mississippi River 2011:, which expelled 2007:, ended with the 1975:Thirteen Colonies 1896:Southern Colonies 1773:Thirteen Colonies 1699:George Washington 1697:and commanded by 1676:Revolutionary War 1665: 1664: 1579:Revolutionary War 1543: 1542: 1465:Native Americans: 1443: 1383:Native Americans: 1306:Native Americans: 1282: 1279: 1252:106 ships (total) 1170:Banastre Tarleton 880:George Washington 863:Benjamin Franklin 314:Thirteen Colonies 287: 286: 232:Mississippi River 127:Battle of Trenton 123:siege of Yorktown 16:(Redirected from 29816: 29794:Global conflicts 29721: 29720: 29719: 29709: 29708: 29707: 29700: 29672: 29665: 29552:African American 29434:Health insurance 29322:Household income 29192:National symbols 29123:American English 29096:Federal holidays 29005:household income 28938: 28937: 28934: 28933: 28738: 28737: 28676:Anti-Americanism 28600:Special district 28527:Independent city 28496:County executive 28479: 28478: 28273:Attorney general 28232: 28231: 28221:Federal District 27804:Executive Office 27784: 27783: 27775: 27774: 27771: 27770: 27531:populated places 27511:federal enclaves 27506:federal district 27484: 27483: 27347:American Century 27330:Great Depression 27325:Roaring Twenties 27285:Women's suffrage 27164:Halifax Resolves 27157:Founding Fathers 27152:military history 27117:Pre-colonial era 27041: 27040: 27020: 27013: 27006: 26997: 26996: 26983: 26973: 26972: 26937: 26936: 26866:Outlying islands 26823:Washington, D.C. 26818:Federal District 26517:Manifest destiny 26490: 26489: 26479: 26478: 26421:Native Americans 26393:Iranian American 26367:Mexican American 26353:Serbian American 26338:Italian American 26328:Finnish American 26318:English American 26269:Chinese American 26256:African American 26241: 26240: 26046:Direct democracy 26036:The Constitution 25995:Higher education 25918:American Century 25903: 25902: 25356:Great Depression 25329:Women's suffrage 25319:Roaring Twenties 25245:Haymarket affair 25203:Enforcement Acts 24992:Jeffersonian era 24940:Shays' Rebellion 24860:Intolerable Acts 24855:Boston Tea Party 24790:Queen Anne's War 24718: 24717: 24707: 24706: 24674: 24667: 24660: 24651: 24650: 24596:Cyprus Emergency 24422:Maritz rebellion 24410:Tibet expedition 24343:Benin Expedition 24163:Indian Rebellion 24157:Second Opium War 24139:Eureka Rebellion 24115:British Honduras 24091:New Zealand Wars 23676:Seven Years' War 23622:Queen Anne's War 23455: 23448: 23441: 23432: 23431: 23380:Military history 23339:Yemeni civil war 23272:Somali Civil War 23172:Second Opium War 23041:Homestead strike 22956:Shays' Rebellion 22930: 22923: 22916: 22907: 22906: 22602: 22601: 22576:Continental Army 22568: 22561: 22554: 22545: 22544: 22483:Sesquicentennial 22443:Independence Day 22347:Founding Fathers 22313: 22312: 22298: 22297: 22223: 22222: 22151: 22150: 21883: 21882: 21740: 21739: 21733: 21732: 21722: 21721: 21597: 21596: 21592: 21420:Cape St. Vincent 21095: 21094: 21088: 21087: 21058: 21057: 21030:Boston Tea Party 20955:Halifax Resolves 20905:Suffolk Resolves 20696:Grafton ministry 20691:Chatham ministry 20587:Colonial history 20567: 20566: 20553: 20552: 20538: 20531: 20524: 20515: 20514: 20480: 20478: 20467: 20466: 20457: 20447: 20445: 20440: 20419:compiled by the 20392: 20377:Internet Archive 20343: 20323: 20299: 20270: 20244: 20215: 20189: 20168: 20166: 20164: 20141: 20120: 20106: 20104: 20102: 20093:Trickey, Erick. 20089: 20050: 20029: 20008: 19997: 19974: 19953: 19939: 19937: 19935: 19918: 19899: 19878: 19864: 19853: 19834: 19832: 19830: 19818: 19790: 19785: 19783: 19770: 19749: 19728: 19707: 19672: 19670: 19668: 19644: 19633: 19631: 19629: 19613: 19588: 19567: 19565:Great Seal Books 19533:Kwasny, Mark V. 19530: 19509: 19488: 19467: 19438: 19409: 19388: 19369: 19350: 19313: 19292: 19273: 19254: 19233: 19212: 19173: 19154: 19135:Ferling, John E. 19130: 19119: 19098: 19083:New York History 19077: 19063: 19061:ann hupp indian. 19017: 19006: 18985: 18959: 18940: 18919: 18894: 18880: 18842: 18835:Bancroft, George 18798: 18789: 18776: 18774: 18772: 18759: 18757: 18755: 18742: 18740: 18738: 18725: 18720: 18718: 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Archived from 18372: 18358: 18337: 18313: 18299: 18293: 18289: 18287: 18279: 18274: 18272: 18257: 18233: 18210: 18179: 18166: 18161: 18153:. Archived from 18141: 18127: 18106: 18095: 18078: 18076: 18074: 18062: 18060: 18058: 18045: 18024: 18000: 17979: 17968: 17956: 17945: 17924: 17903: 17882: 17871: 17860: 17840: 17829: 17818: 17807: 17796: 17775: 17754: 17733: 17714:(4th ed.). 17713: 17699: 17678: 17659: 17648: 17646: 17644: 17631: 17610: 17573: 17544: 17523: 17504: 17481: 17452: 17431: 17410: 17399:. Bantam Books. 17389: 17387: 17385: 17374:Robinson Library 17364: 17335: 17324: 17322: 17320: 17303: 17292: 17271: 17265: 17257: 17246: 17225: 17212: 17191: 17179: 17168: 17147: 17126: 17124: 17122: 17097: 17074: 17045: 17043: 17028: 17018: 16997: 16976: 16955: 16953: 16946: 16934: 16920: 16899: 16885: 16864: 16843: 16822: 16801: 16764: 16750:The New Republic 16743: 16714: 16712: 16710: 16684: 16665: 16644: 16633:. Viking Books. 16625: 16623:Oxford Handbooks 16601: 16597:978-04363-0420-0 16578: 16567: 16546: 16522: 16501: 16480: 16469:. Cambridge UP. 16459: 16435: 16424: 16411: 16390: 16385:(Documents 1–40) 16384: 16376: 16343: 16319: 16298: 16287: 16263: 16252: 16231: 16210: 16186: 16165: 16146: 16131: 16108: 16087: 16076: 16071: 16050: 16026: 16015:. Savas Beatie. 16005: 15994: 15983: 15964: 15943: 15922: 15903: 15884: 15863: 15841: 15820: 15799: 15778: 15757: 15733: 15712: 15691: 15683: 15674: 15653: 15624: 15601: 15580: 15569: 15545: 15524: 15503: 15480: 15464: 15441: 15423: 15398: 15379: 15377: 15375: 15359: 15338: 15317: 15296: 15275: 15251: 15230: 15209: 15185: 15174: 15153: 15132: 15117: 15115: 15113: 15098: 15077: 15053: 15042: 15021: 15000: 14998: 14996: 14990: 14979: 14969: 14950: 14929: 14923: 14902: 14879: 14868: 14857: 14833: 14822: 14803: 14784: 14773: 14757: 14736: 14712: 14691: 14680: 14659: 14638: 14624:Almost a Miracle 14617: 14596: 14580: 14561: 14553: 14544: 14533:. Random House. 14523: 14504:Ellis, Joseph J. 14499: 14478: 14467: 14442: 14440: 14438: 14425: 14414: 14393: 14364: 14343: 14329: 14318: 14313: 14311: 14295: 14293: 14291: 14278: 14267:. 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issues: 5868:After the first 5846:Atlantic history 5837:British monarchy 5795:Founding Fathers 5698:prisoners of war 5426:American mission 5363:Earl of Sandwich 5350:Rockingham Whigs 5273:Battle of Mobile 5184:Native Americans 5115:Continental Army 4983:Tidewater region 4924:German Americans 4871:in December 1776 4840:Mariot Arbuthnot 4751:Seven Years' War 4745:British strategy 4609:Continental Navy 4603:Continental Navy 4597:Secretary of War 4503:Continental Army 4497:Continental Army 4379:Gloucester Point 4299:British general 4152:invaded Kentucky 4087:Illinois Country 4010:Western campaign 3968:raid on Richmond 3949:Nathanael Greene 3941:Patrick Ferguson 3936:Battle of Camden 3893:Benjamin Lincoln 3820:Continental Army 3792:War in the South 3713:raid Connecticut 3481:Finance Minister 3393:Continental Navy 3170:Continental Army 3046:Brooklyn Heights 2815:Fort Ticonderoga 2796:Battle of Quebec 2738:acquired in the 2720:Continental Army 2692:by the militia. 2616:in December 1775 2614:Battle of Quebec 2610:Continental Army 2519:Northern Theater 2443:Thomas Jefferson 2441:, consisting of 2399:Irish Parliament 2359:Thomas Jefferson 2305:Restraining Acts 2274:Suffolk Resolves 2231:Intolerable Acts 2227:Boston Tea Party 2093:Boston Tea Party 2005:Seven Years' War 1997:Kingdom of Spain 1911:was replaced by 1820:successful siege 1801:Continental Army 1789:Intolerable Acts 1769:Seven Years' War 1730:Hessian soldiers 1695:Continental Army 1583: 1569: 1562: 1555: 1546: 1545: 1528:Native Americans 1515:7,000 total dead 1494:7,774 total dead 1441: 1280: 1277: 1211:40,000 (average) 1168: 1167: 1166: 1156: 1155: 1154: 1144: 1143: 1142: 1132: 1131: 1130: 1120: 1119: 1118: 1108: 1107: 1106: 1096: 1095: 1094: 1084: 1083: 1082: 1072: 1071: 1055: 1054: 1043: 1042: 1031: 1030: 1029: 1024: 1023: 1022: 999: 998: 997: 987: 986: 985: 975: 974: 973: 968: 967: 966: 956: 955: 954: 947: 938: 937: 936: 926: 925: 924: 914: 913: 912: 904:Nathanael Greene 902: 901: 900: 890: 889: 888: 878: 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28141: 28098:civil liberties 28079: 28070:Other tribunals 28049:District courts 28001: 27960:current members 27943:current members 27924: 27858:Law enforcement 27756: 27469: 27418: 27409:Great Recession 27280:Progressive Era 27270:Native genocide 27201:Perpetual Union 27189:Treaty of Paris 27147:United Colonies 27105: 27030: 27024: 26994: 26989: 26943: 26917: 26861: 26825: 26813: 26552: 26526: 26484: 26469: 26375:Jewish American 26348:Polish American 26289:Korean American 26279:Indian American 26246: 26231: 26086:Merchant Marine 26056:Law enforcement 25908: 25889: 25763: 25759:Great Recession 25666: 25640:Reagan Doctrine 25594: 25573:Stonewall riots 25495: 25469:Project Mercury 25430:Truman Doctrine 25406: 25314:First Red Scare 25288: 25257:Progressive Era 25169: 25129:Bleeding Kansas 25085: 25032:Monroe Doctrine 25008: 24956: 24915:Treaty of Paris 24876: 24850:Boston Massacre 24845:Sons of Liberty 24741: 24712: 24701: 24683: 24678: 24648: 24643: 24584:Kenya Emergency 24390: 24384: 24379:Second Boer War 24373:Boxer Rebellion 24301:Pahang Uprising 24181:Ambela campaign 24103:Río de la Plata 24085:First Opium War 24067:Aden Expedition 23899:Río de la Plata 23861: 23855: 23826:Irish Rebellion 23718:First Carib War 23614: 23608: 23531:Confederate War 23525:Irish Rebellion 23475: 23469: 23459: 23429: 23424: 23343: 23202:Boxer Rebellion 23105: 22986:Bleeding Kansas 22944: 22937: 22934: 22904: 22899: 22878: 22859: 22819: 22743: 22702: 22676: 22591: 22582: 22572: 22542: 22529: 22468:Von Steuben Day 22366: 22335: 22307: 22288: 22228: 22205: 22147:Colonial allies 22138: 22037: 21870: 21831:King George III 21819: 21727: 21704: 21673: 21593: 21590: 21588: 21581: 21555: 21484: 21465:Lochry's Defeat 21350:Assunpink Creek 21340:Fort Washington 21285: 21219: 21217: 21206: 21197:Hortalez et Cie 21168:Colonial allies 21163: 21130: 21099:United Colonies 21082: 21044: 21010:Boston Massacre 20988: 20979:Perpetual Union 20935:United Colonies 20868:Sons of Liberty 20831: 20739: 20737: 20736:Related British 20730: 20659: 20561: 20557:Origins of the 20547: 20542: 20505:Wayback Machine 20494: 20493: 20482: 20476: 20474: 20471:This audio file 20468: 20461: 20452: 20449: 20443: 20442: 20438: 20435: 20408: 20387: 20365: 20363:Primary sources 20360: 20326: 20320: 20302: 20268:10.1.1.482.4975 20249:Whaples, Robert 20247: 20213:10.1.1.482.4975 20194:Whaples, Robert 20192: 20186: 20171: 20162: 20160: 20155: 20151:Volume I, 2005. 20138: 20123: 20100: 20098: 20092: 20086: 20071: 20047: 20032: 20026: 20011: 20000: 19994: 19977: 19971: 19956: 19942: 19933: 19931: 19922: 19902: 19896: 19881: 19867: 19856: 19837: 19828: 19826: 19821: 19807: 19781: 19779: 19774: 19767: 19752: 19746: 19731: 19725: 19710: 19675: 19666: 19664: 19655:McGrath, Nick. 19654: 19636: 19627: 19625: 19617: 19610: 19591: 19585: 19570: 19561: 19548: 19527: 19512: 19506: 19491: 19485: 19470: 19456:10.2307/2197961 19441: 19427:10.2307/2938043 19412: 19391: 19372: 19366: 19353: 19331:10.2307/2716777 19316: 19310: 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Necrometrics. 18442: 18421: 18399: 18397: 18396:on May 24, 2012 18390: 18355: 18331: 18291: 18290: 18281: 18280: 18270: 18268: 18254: 18230: 18124: 18072: 18070: 18056: 18054: 18042: 18034:. Quebec: PUQ. 18021: 17997: 17965: 17942: 17921: 17900: 17849: 17793: 17772: 17751: 17730: 17696: 17675: 17642: 17640: 17628: 17541: 17501: 17470: 17449: 17428: 17407: 17383: 17381: 17368: 17353:10.2307/3031609 17318: 17316: 17289: 17259: 17258: 17243: 17209: 17188: 17165: 17144: 17143:978-03068-03079 17120: 17118: 17094: 17063:10.2307/3491601 17041: 17026: 17015: 16994: 16973: 16951: 16944: 16917: 16882: 16861: 16840: 16819: 16761: 16732:10.2307/2080046 16708: 16706: 16704: 16681: 16662: 16641: 16619: 16598: 16564: 16540: 16519: 16498: 16477: 16453: 16408: 16400:. Stanford UP. 16340: 16316: 16284: 16249: 16207: 16183: 16128: 16105: 16068: 16047: 16023: 15980: 15961: 15940: 15881: 15860: 15838: 15817: 15796: 15775: 15754: 15730: 15709: 15701:. Smithsonian. 15671: 15621: 15598: 15566: 15542: 15521: 15500: 15461: 15395: 15373: 15371: 15356: 15335: 15314: 15293: 15272: 15248: 15227: 15219:. Basic Books. 15203: 15171: 15150: 15111: 15109: 15095: 15071: 15039: 15018: 14994: 14992: 14988: 14977: 14966: 14947: 14920: 14899: 14851: 14819: 14800: 14754: 14733: 14709: 14677: 14656: 14635: 14614: 14577: 14541: 14520: 14496: 14436: 14434: 14411: 14382: 14361: 14309: 14307: 14289: 14287: 14275: 14254: 14222: 14182: 14174:. Basic Books. 14161: 14127: 14092: 14071: 14050: 14018: 13997: 13976: 13955: 13931: 13929: 13900: 13875: 13848: 13846: 13831: 13810: 13789: 13768: 13744: 13720: 13718: 13684: 13660: 13658: 13613: 13578:Britannica.com 13564: 13545: 13524: 13503: 13482: 13448: 13424: 13422: 13398: 13377: 13344: 13331: 13296: 13294: 13250: 13192: 13171: 13148: 13127: 13106: 13085: 13056:10.2307/1920145 13035: 13014: 12993: 12972: 12953: 12907: 12905: 12892: 12886: 12881: 12871: 12855: 12851: 12839: 12835: 12826: 12822: 12815: 12799: 12795: 12780:10.2307/2650376 12764: 12760: 12751: 12747: 12728:History Compass 12724: 12720: 12711: 12707: 12684:10.2307/2568604 12668: 12664: 12655: 12651: 12639: 12635: 12627: 12623: 12615: 12611: 12603: 12599: 12591: 12587: 12579: 12575: 12567: 12563: 12555: 12551: 12534: 12530: 12522: 12518: 12510: 12506: 12498: 12494: 12486: 12482: 12474: 12470: 12462: 12458: 12450: 12443: 12435: 12428: 12420: 12416: 12408: 12404: 12396: 12392: 12384: 12380: 12372: 12365: 12357: 12353: 12348: 12341: 12333: 12329: 12321: 12314: 12306: 12302: 12294: 12290: 12282: 12278: 12270: 12266: 12258: 12254: 12248:Kaplan, L. 1983 12246: 12242: 12234: 12230: 12222: 12218: 12210: 12206: 12198: 12191: 12183: 12179: 12171: 12167: 12159: 12155: 12147: 12143: 12135: 12131: 12123: 12119: 12111: 12107: 12099: 12095: 12087: 12083: 12075: 12071: 12063: 12059: 12051: 12047: 12039: 12035: 12027: 12020: 12012: 12008: 12000: 11996: 11988: 11984: 11976: 11972: 11964: 11960: 11952: 11948: 11940: 11936: 11928: 11924: 11916: 11912: 11904: 11900: 11892: 11885: 11877: 11873: 11865: 11861: 11853: 11849: 11839: 11837: 11827: 11823: 11813: 11811: 11799: 11795: 11748: 11744: 11734: 11732: 11720: 11713: 11705: 11701: 11694: 11687: 11683:, "Women Spies" 11679: 11675: 11667: 11663: 11655: 11651: 11643: 11639: 11631: 11627: 11619: 11615: 11607: 11600: 11592: 11588: 11580: 11576: 11568: 11564: 11556: 11552: 11544: 11540: 11532: 11528: 11520: 11516: 11508: 11504: 11496: 11492: 11484: 11480: 11472: 11468: 11460: 11456: 11448: 11444: 11436: 11432: 11424: 11420: 11412: 11408: 11400: 11393: 11385: 11381: 11373: 11369: 11361: 11357: 11349: 11345: 11337: 11333: 11325: 11321: 11313: 11309: 11301: 11297: 11291:Davies, K. 1972 11289: 11285: 11279:Davies, K. 1972 11277: 11273: 11265: 11261: 11253: 11246: 11238: 11231: 11225:Davies, K. 1972 11223: 11219: 11211: 11207: 11199: 11195: 11187: 11183: 11175: 11171: 11163: 11159: 11151: 11147: 11139: 11135: 11127: 11123: 11115: 11111: 11103: 11099: 11091: 11087: 11079: 11075: 11067: 11063: 11055: 11051: 11043: 11039: 11031: 11027: 11019: 11015: 11007: 11003: 10995: 10991: 10983: 10979: 10971: 10967: 10959: 10955: 10949:Trevelyan 1912a 10947: 10943: 10935: 10931: 10926: 10919: 10911: 10907: 10899: 10895: 10887: 10883: 10875: 10871: 10863: 10859: 10851: 10847: 10839: 10835: 10827: 10823: 10815: 10811: 10803: 10799: 10794: 10790: 10782: 10778: 10770: 10766: 10758: 10754: 10746: 10742: 10734: 10730: 10722: 10718: 10710: 10706: 10698: 10691: 10687:, pp. 11–12, 16 10683: 10679: 10671: 10664: 10656: 10645: 10637: 10628: 10620: 10613: 10605: 10601: 10593: 10589: 10581: 10574: 10566: 10562: 10555: 10551: 10543: 10539: 10531: 10527: 10519: 10515: 10507: 10494: 10486: 10482: 10474: 10470: 10462: 10458: 10450: 10446: 10438: 10434: 10426: 10422: 10414: 10410: 10402: 10398: 10390: 10386: 10378: 10374: 10366: 10362: 10354: 10350: 10342: 10338: 10330: 10321: 10313: 10309: 10301: 10297: 10289: 10285: 10277: 10273: 10265: 10261: 10253: 10249: 10241: 10237: 10229: 10225: 10217: 10213: 10205: 10201: 10193: 10189: 10181: 10177: 10169: 10165: 10157: 10153: 10145: 10141: 10133: 10129: 10121: 10117: 10111:Greene, F. 1913 10109: 10105: 10097: 10090: 10082: 10078: 10070: 10066: 10058: 10054: 10046: 10042: 10034: 10030: 10022: 10018: 10010: 10006: 9998: 9994: 9986: 9982: 9974: 9970: 9962: 9958: 9950: 9943: 9935: 9931: 9923: 9919: 9911: 9907: 9899: 9895: 9887: 9883: 9875: 9871: 9863: 9859: 9851: 9847: 9839: 9835: 9825: 9823: 9815: 9814: 9810: 9800: 9798: 9788: 9784: 9776: 9772: 9764: 9760: 9752: 9748: 9740: 9736: 9729: 9725: 9717: 9713: 9705: 9701: 9693: 9689: 9684: 9680: 9672: 9665: 9657: 9653: 9645: 9641: 9633: 9629: 9621: 9617: 9609: 9605: 9597: 9593: 9585: 9578: 9570: 9566: 9558: 9554: 9546: 9542: 9538:, pp. 24–25, 30 9534: 9530: 9522: 9518: 9510: 9506: 9498: 9494: 9486: 9482: 9472: 9470: 9466: 9455: 9449: 9445: 9437: 9433: 9425: 9421: 9414: 9410: 9403: 9394: 9386: 9382: 9374: 9370: 9362: 9358: 9350: 9346: 9338: 9334: 9326: 9322: 9314: 9310: 9304:Cadwalader 1901 9302: 9298: 9292:Cadwalader 1901 9290: 9286: 9280:Cadwalader 1901 9278: 9274: 9266: 9262: 9254: 9250: 9242: 9238: 9230: 9226: 9218: 9214: 9206: 9202: 9194: 9190: 9182: 9178: 9170: 9166: 9158: 9154: 9146: 9142: 9134: 9130: 9122: 9118: 9110: 9106: 9098: 9091: 9083: 9079: 9071: 9067: 9059: 9055: 9047: 9043: 9037:Washington 1932 9035: 9031: 9025:Washington 1932 9023: 9019: 9011: 9007: 9001:McCullough 2005 8999: 8995: 8987: 8983: 8975: 8971: 8963: 8959: 8951: 8947: 8939: 8935: 8927: 8923: 8915: 8911: 8903: 8899: 8891: 8887: 8881:McCullough 2005 8879: 8875: 8867: 8863: 8855: 8851: 8843: 8839: 8831: 8827: 8819: 8815: 8809:McCullough 2005 8807: 8803: 8795: 8791: 8783: 8779: 8771: 8767: 8759: 8755: 8747: 8743: 8737:McCullough 2005 8735: 8731: 8723: 8719: 8711: 8707: 8700: 8696: 8688: 8679: 8671: 8667: 8659: 8655: 8647: 8643: 8635: 8631: 8623: 8619: 8611: 8607: 8599: 8595: 8587: 8583: 8575: 8571: 8563: 8559: 8551: 8547: 8539: 8535: 8527: 8523: 8518: 8514: 8506: 8502: 8494: 8490: 8482: 8478: 8470: 8466: 8458: 8454: 8446: 8442: 8434: 8430: 8422: 8418: 8410: 8406: 8398: 8394: 8386: 8382: 8374: 8370: 8362: 8358: 8350: 8346: 8340:McCullough 2005 8338: 8334: 8326: 8322: 8314: 8310: 8302: 8298: 8290: 8286: 8278: 8274: 8266: 8259: 8251: 8247: 8239: 8235: 8227: 8223: 8218: 8214: 8206: 8202: 8192: 8190: 8185: 8184: 8180: 8172: 8168: 8160: 8156: 8148: 8144: 8136: 8132: 8124: 8115: 8107: 8098: 8090: 8086: 8078: 8074: 8066: 8062: 8054: 8050: 8042: 8038: 8032:McCullough 2005 8030: 8026: 8018: 8014: 8008:Miller, J. 1959 8006: 8002: 7994: 7990: 7982: 7978: 7970: 7966: 7958: 7954: 7946: 7942: 7934: 7930: 7922: 7918: 7910: 7903: 7895: 7891: 7883: 7879: 7871: 7867: 7859: 7855: 7847: 7840: 7832: 7828: 7820: 7816: 7808: 7804: 7796: 7792: 7784: 7780: 7770: 7768: 7760: 7759: 7755: 7747: 7743: 7735: 7731: 7723: 7719: 7711: 7707: 7699: 7695: 7685: 7683: 7673:10.2307/1918676 7651: 7647: 7639: 7630: 7622: 7618: 7610: 7603: 7595: 7591: 7583: 7579: 7570: 7566: 7555: 7551: 7545:Clodfelter 2017 7543: 7532: 7524: 7520: 7512: 7508: 7502:Clodfelter 2017 7500: 7496: 7488: 7484: 7478:Clodfelter 2017 7476: 7467: 7460: 7456: 7448: 7444: 7436: 7429: 7421: 7417: 7409: 7402: 7394: 7387: 7380: 7373: 7365: 7361: 7353: 7349: 7342: 7338: 7331: 7327: 7319: 7315: 7305: 7301: 7294: 7290: 7283: 7274: 7264: 7260: 7253: 7249: 7241: 7237: 7230: 7226: 7218: 7211: 7203: 7196: 7188: 7181: 7175:Duncan, L. 1931 7173: 7160: 7152: 7148: 7139: 7138: 7134: 7126: 7122: 7114: 7107: 7097: 7095: 7083: 7082: 7078: 7070: 7066: 7058: 7054: 7046: 7039: 7024: 7020: 7013: 7009: 7002: 6998: 6991: 6987: 6976: 6971: 6970: 6922:Around 171,000 6921: 6917: 6908: 6904: 6895: 6891: 6886: 6882: 6873: 6869: 6863: 6859: 6849: 6845: 6820: 6816: 6811: 6807: 6802: 6800: 6796: 6790: 6786: 6780: 6776: 6751: 6747: 6742: 6738: 6717: 6713: 6699: 6695: 6689: 6685: 6671: 6667: 6645: 6641: 6635: 6631: 6618: 6614: 6609: 6605: 6588: 6584: 6579: 6575: 6569: 6565: 6559: 6555: 6549: 6545: 6528: 6524: 6519: 6515: 6510: 6506: 6485: 6481: 6452: 6448: 6436:in Virginia at 6423: 6419: 6414: 6410: 6405: 6401: 6396: 6392: 6387: 6383: 6377: 6373: 6368: 6364: 6358: 6354: 6345: 6341: 6328: 6324: 6319: 6315: 6283: 6279: 6261:Chambly, Quebec 6250: 6246: 6237: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6205: 6157:Founders Online 6143: 6121: 6089: 6072: 6025: 5993: 5974: 5967: 5948: 5939: 5929: 5920: 5909: 5900: 5893: 5866: 5778: 5723:The U.S. motto 5717: 5676:Salem, New York 5664: 5658: 5642:Kentucky County 5638:James Wilkinson 5594: 5529: 5523: 5417:Treaty of Paris 5409: 5403: 5387:Lord Rockingham 5352: 5342: 5337: 5192: 5186: 5178:Leeward Islands 5108: 5102: 5094:Sally St. Clair 5090:Deborah Sampson 5076:Sybil Ludington 5059:documented the 5034: 5028: 4954: 4944: 4938: 4933: 4854: 4848: 4795: 4789: 4783: 4762:Dutch Caribbean 4753: 4747: 4720: 4710: 4704: 4645:John Paul Jones 4631: 4625: 4615: 4607:Main articles: 4605: 4531:Brooklyn Museum 4515: 4505: 4499: 4470: 4425:British America 4412: 4330:Washington and 4307:in October 1781 4273: 4267: 4213:French soldier 4208:Battle of Piqua 4117:Treaty of Paris 4083:second campaign 4018: 4012: 3800: 3794: 3774:Benedict Arnold 3755:New Jersey Line 3650: 3642:Main articles: 3640: 3583:Spanish Florida 3549:French Admiral 3448: 3436:Main articles: 3434: 3399:, commanded by 3295:Barry St. Leger 3257: 3243: 3216:Assunpink Creek 3139: 3125: 3084:Fort Washington 3036:and across the 3023:Culper spy ring 3003:Thomas Knowlton 2995:New York Harbor 2971:Fort Washington 2951: 2941: 2935: 2911:Montfort Browne 2819:Fort Cumberland 2783:Fort Cumberland 2771:John Paul Jones 2736:heavy artillery 2602: 2592: 2511: 2479:United Colonies 2417: 2411: 2331: 2325: 2300:Joseph Galloway 2253: 2243: 2215:Sons of Liberty 2164:Boston Massacre 2151:Declaratory Act 2125:instructed the 2099: 2089: 2050:and south into 2021:Atlantic Canada 1977: 1963: 1957: 1939:to France, and 1785:Boston Massacre 1746:Treaty of Paris 1668: 1667: 1666: 1661: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1539: 1536: 1524: 1503: 1485: 1470: 1461: 1446: 1431: 1394: 1391: 1379: 1364: 1354:Loyalist troops 1349: 1346: 1333: 1311: 1285: 1258: 1255: 1234: 1214: 1181: 1164: 1162: 1152: 1150: 1146:Benedict Arnold 1140: 1138: 1128: 1126: 1116: 1114: 1104: 1102: 1092: 1090: 1080: 1078: 1066: 1062: 1061: 1049: 1037: 1027: 1025: 1020: 1018: 1012: 995: 993: 983: 981: 971: 969: 964: 962: 952: 950: 940:Benedict Arnold 934: 932: 922: 920: 910: 908: 898: 896: 886: 884: 874: 872: 868: 867: 857: 855: 850: 848: 838: 836: 831: 829: 819:Peyton Randolph 813: 811: 806: 804: 791: 788: 735: 734: 727: 715: 713: 703: 693: 649: 648: 638: 631: 624: 618: 555: 554: 547: 481: 479: 474: 462: 460: 458: 450: 448: 447: 437: 435: 433: 432: 364: 363: 350: 348: 343: 341: 337: 334:United Colonies 328: 326: 321: 319: 318: 307: 305: 303: 238:, and north of 234:, south of the 225: 209:Treaty of Paris 197:Signing of the 184: 163: 161: 148: 147: 146: 145: 109: 108: 107: 99: 98: 89: 88: 87: 79: 78: 69: 68: 67: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 29822: 29812: 29811: 29806: 29801: 29796: 29791: 29786: 29781: 29776: 29771: 29766: 29761: 29756: 29751: 29746: 29741: 29726: 29725: 29713: 29690: 29689: 29687: 29686: 29681: 29674: 29673: 29666: 29658: 29657: 29654: 29653: 29650: 29649: 29646: 29645: 29643: 29642: 29637: 29632: 29627: 29626: 29625: 29615: 29614: 29613: 29603: 29598: 29593: 29588: 29586:Mass shootings 29583: 29578: 29577: 29576: 29574:Climate change 29571: 29561: 29556: 29555: 29554: 29549: 29544: 29539: 29534: 29529: 29524: 29519: 29512:Discrimination 29509: 29504: 29503: 29502: 29492: 29486: 29484: 29480: 29479: 29477: 29476: 29471: 29466: 29461: 29456: 29451: 29446: 29441: 29436: 29431: 29426: 29425: 29424: 29419: 29414: 29404: 29403: 29402: 29397: 29392: 29387: 29382: 29377: 29367: 29361: 29359: 29353: 29352: 29350: 29349: 29344: 29339: 29334: 29329: 29324: 29319: 29314: 29309: 29304: 29302:American Dream 29299: 29293: 29291: 29285: 29284: 29282: 29281: 29276: 29271: 29269:Transportation 29266: 29261: 29256: 29251: 29246: 29241: 29236: 29231: 29226: 29221: 29216: 29215: 29214: 29209: 29204: 29202:Mount Rushmore 29199: 29189: 29184: 29179: 29174: 29173: 29172: 29167: 29162: 29157: 29152: 29142: 29137: 29136: 29135: 29130: 29125: 29115: 29110: 29105: 29100: 29099: 29098: 29088: 29083: 29082: 29081: 29071: 29066: 29061: 29060: 29059: 29054: 29044: 29043: 29042: 29037: 29032: 29027: 29022: 29017: 29012: 29007: 29002: 28997: 28992: 28982: 28977: 28972: 28967: 28962: 28957: 28952: 28946: 28944: 28931: 28925: 28924: 28921: 28920: 28918: 28917: 28912: 28907: 28902: 28897: 28892: 28887: 28881: 28879: 28873: 28872: 28870: 28869: 28864: 28859: 28854: 28849: 28844: 28839: 28834: 28829: 28824: 28822:Federal budget 28819: 28814: 28809: 28808: 28807: 28802: 28797: 28792: 28787: 28782: 28777: 28772: 28767: 28762: 28760:Communications 28757: 28752: 28741: 28735: 28729: 28728: 28725: 28724: 28721: 28720: 28718: 28717: 28712: 28711: 28710: 28705: 28700: 28690: 28689: 28688: 28683: 28681:exceptionalism 28678: 28668: 28663: 28662: 28661: 28659:foreign policy 28651: 28650: 28649: 28644: 28634: 28628: 28625: 28624: 28621: 28620: 28618: 28617: 28616: 28615: 28604: 28602: 28596: 28595: 28593: 28592: 28587: 28581: 28579: 28573: 28572: 28570: 28569: 28564: 28559: 28554: 28549: 28544: 28539: 28534: 28529: 28524: 28518: 28516: 28512: 28511: 28509: 28508: 28503: 28498: 28493: 28487: 28485: 28476: 28470: 28469: 28467: 28466: 28461: 28460: 28459: 28449: 28448: 28447: 28442: 28437: 28427: 28421: 28419: 28413: 28412: 28409: 28408: 28406: 28405: 28400: 28395: 28390: 28384: 28382: 28376: 28375: 28373: 28372: 28371: 28370: 28360: 28359: 28358: 28356:Chief justices 28351:Supreme courts 28347: 28345: 28339: 28338: 28336: 28335: 28330: 28324: 28322: 28316: 28315: 28313: 28312: 28311: 28310: 28300: 28295: 28290: 28285: 28280: 28275: 28270: 28265: 28264: 28263: 28253: 28252: 28251: 28240: 28238: 28229: 28212: 28211: 28208: 28207: 28205: 28204: 28199: 28194: 28193: 28192: 28190:National Guard 28187: 28182: 28177: 28172: 28167: 28162: 28151: 28149: 28143: 28142: 28140: 28139: 28134: 28133: 28132: 28127: 28122: 28117: 28107: 28102: 28101: 28100: 28093:Bill of Rights 28089: 28087: 28081: 28080: 28078: 28077: 28072: 28067: 28066: 28065: 28063:list of judges 28060: 28058:list of courts 28046: 28045: 28044: 28042:list of judges 28034: 28033: 28032: 28027: 28022: 28011: 28009: 28003: 28002: 28000: 27999: 27994: 27989: 27984: 27979: 27977:Capitol Police 27974: 27973: 27972: 27967: 27962: 27952: 27951: 27950: 27945: 27934: 27932: 27926: 27925: 27923: 27922: 27917: 27912: 27907: 27906: 27905: 27900: 27898:Secret Service 27895: 27890: 27885: 27880: 27875: 27870: 27865: 27855: 27854: 27853: 27848: 27843: 27838: 27828: 27823: 27818: 27813: 27811:Vice President 27808: 27807: 27806: 27801: 27790: 27788: 27781: 27768: 27762: 27761: 27758: 27757: 27755: 27754: 27749: 27744: 27739: 27738: 27737: 27732: 27727: 27722: 27717: 27712: 27707: 27702: 27691: 27690: 27689: 27684: 27679: 27674: 27669: 27664: 27659: 27654: 27649: 27644: 27639: 27634: 27629: 27624: 27619: 27614: 27609: 27599: 27598: 27597: 27595:National Parks 27587: 27586: 27585: 27580: 27575: 27570: 27565: 27555: 27550: 27548:Extreme points 27545: 27540: 27539: 27538: 27533: 27528: 27523: 27518: 27513: 27508: 27503: 27498: 27487: 27481: 27475: 27474: 27471: 27470: 27468: 27467: 27462: 27457: 27452: 27447: 27442: 27437: 27432: 27426: 27424: 27420: 27419: 27417: 27416: 27411: 27406: 27405: 27404: 27399: 27389: 27384: 27379: 27374: 27369: 27364: 27359: 27354: 27349: 27344: 27343: 27342: 27332: 27327: 27322: 27317: 27312: 27307: 27306: 27305: 27300: 27295: 27287: 27282: 27277: 27272: 27267: 27262: 27257: 27252: 27247: 27242: 27237: 27235:Federalist Era 27232: 27231: 27230: 27228:Bill of Rights 27225: 27215: 27210: 27209: 27208: 27203: 27193: 27192: 27191: 27186: 27176: 27171: 27169:Lee Resolution 27166: 27161: 27160: 27159: 27154: 27149: 27144: 27139: 27134: 27129: 27119: 27113: 27111: 27107: 27106: 27104: 27103: 27098: 27093: 27088: 27083: 27078: 27073: 27068: 27063: 27058: 27053: 27047: 27045: 27038: 27032: 27031: 27029: articles 27023: 27022: 27015: 27008: 27000: 26991: 26990: 26988: 26987: 26977: 26967: 26965:Historiography 26962: 26956: 26953: 26952: 26949: 26948: 26945: 26944: 26942: 26941: 26931: 26925: 26923: 26919: 26918: 26916: 26915: 26910: 26905: 26903:Navassa Island 26900: 26895: 26890: 26888:Johnston Atoll 26885: 26880: 26878:Howland Island 26875: 26869: 26867: 26863: 26862: 26860: 26859: 26854: 26849: 26844: 26839: 26837:American Samoa 26833: 26831: 26827: 26826: 26821: 26819: 26815: 26814: 26812: 26811: 26806: 26801: 26796: 26791: 26786: 26781: 26776: 26771: 26766: 26761: 26759:South Carolina 26756: 26751: 26746: 26741: 26736: 26731: 26726: 26724:North Carolina 26721: 26716: 26711: 26706: 26701: 26696: 26691: 26686: 26681: 26676: 26671: 26666: 26661: 26656: 26651: 26646: 26641: 26636: 26631: 26626: 26621: 26616: 26611: 26606: 26601: 26596: 26591: 26586: 26581: 26576: 26571: 26566: 26560: 26558: 26554: 26553: 26551: 26550: 26548:The West Coast 26545: 26540: 26534: 26532: 26528: 26527: 26525: 26524: 26522:Indian removal 26519: 26514: 26509: 26504: 26498: 26496: 26486: 26485: 26475: 26474: 26471: 26470: 26468: 26467: 26466: 26465: 26460: 26455: 26443: 26436: 26435: 26434: 26429: 26417: 26416: 26415: 26413:Saudi American 26410: 26405: 26400: 26398:Iraqi American 26395: 26390: 26378: 26371: 26370: 26369: 26357: 26356: 26355: 26350: 26345: 26340: 26335: 26333:Irish American 26330: 26325: 26320: 26315: 26303: 26302: 26301: 26296: 26291: 26286: 26281: 26276: 26271: 26263:Asian American 26259: 26251: 26248: 26247: 26237: 26236: 26233: 26232: 26230: 26229: 26228: 26227: 26222: 26217: 26212: 26207: 26195: 26194: 26193: 26191:Sexual slavery 26181: 26174: 26167: 26166: 26165: 26160: 26155: 26150: 26145: 26140: 26128: 26127: 26126: 26121: 26116: 26111: 26106: 26101: 26089: 26082: 26075: 26074: 26073: 26068: 26063: 26061:Postal service 26058: 26053: 26051:Foreign policy 26048: 26043: 26038: 26033: 26028: 26023: 26018: 26006: 25999: 25998: 25997: 25985: 25984: 25983: 25971: 25970: 25969: 25957: 25956: 25955: 25950: 25945: 25940: 25928: 25921: 25913: 25910: 25909: 25899: 25898: 25895: 25894: 25891: 25890: 25888: 25887: 25882: 25877: 25870: 25865: 25860: 25855: 25854: 25853: 25843: 25838: 25831: 25826: 25825: 25824: 25819: 25814: 25809: 25804: 25799: 25794: 25789: 25779: 25773: 25771: 25765: 25764: 25762: 25761: 25756: 25751: 25746: 25745: 25744: 25739: 25729: 25724: 25717: 25712: 25707: 25702: 25697: 25692: 25687: 25682: 25676: 25674: 25668: 25667: 25665: 25664: 25659: 25654: 25649: 25648: 25647: 25642: 25637: 25627: 25625:Crack epidemic 25622: 25621: 25620: 25615: 25604: 25602: 25596: 25595: 25593: 25592: 25590:Moral Majority 25587: 25582: 25577: 25576: 25575: 25568:Gay liberation 25565: 25560: 25558:Counterculture 25555: 25550: 25549: 25548: 25546:Fall of Saigon 25543: 25538: 25528: 25527: 25526: 25524:Apollo program 25521: 25519:Project Gemini 25511: 25505: 25503: 25497: 25496: 25494: 25493: 25488: 25487: 25486: 25476: 25471: 25466: 25461: 25460: 25459: 25454: 25449: 25444: 25437:Early Cold War 25434: 25433: 25432: 25422: 25416: 25414: 25408: 25407: 25405: 25404: 25403: 25402: 25401: 25400: 25390: 25385: 25375: 25374: 25373: 25368: 25363: 25353: 25352: 25351: 25346: 25341: 25336: 25331: 25326: 25316: 25311: 25310: 25309: 25298: 25296: 25290: 25289: 25287: 25286: 25281: 25280: 25279: 25274: 25269: 25264: 25254: 25253: 25252: 25247: 25242: 25237: 25232: 25227: 25217: 25212: 25211: 25210: 25205: 25200: 25195: 25190: 25179: 25177: 25171: 25170: 25168: 25167: 25166: 25165: 25160: 25150: 25149: 25148: 25143: 25138: 25133: 25132: 25131: 25121: 25116: 25109:Prelude to War 25106: 25101: 25099:Antebellum Era 25095: 25093: 25087: 25086: 25084: 25083: 25078: 25073: 25072: 25071: 25066: 25061: 25056: 25051: 25046: 25044:Trail of Tears 25039:Jacksonian era 25036: 25035: 25034: 25029: 25018: 25016: 25010: 25009: 25007: 25006: 25005: 25004: 24999: 24989: 24988: 24987: 24982: 24975:Federalist Era 24972: 24970:Bill of Rights 24966: 24964: 24958: 24957: 24955: 24954: 24953: 24952: 24947: 24942: 24937: 24932: 24919: 24918: 24917: 24912: 24907: 24905:Lee Resolution 24902: 24897: 24886: 24884: 24878: 24877: 24875: 24874: 24873: 24872: 24867: 24862: 24857: 24852: 24847: 24842: 24837: 24832: 24827: 24822: 24812: 24807: 24802: 24797: 24792: 24787: 24782: 24777: 24772: 24767: 24762: 24757: 24751: 24749: 24743: 24742: 24740: 24739: 24732: 24724: 24722: 24714: 24713: 24703: 24702: 24700: 24699: 24694: 24688: 24685: 24684: 24677: 24676: 24669: 24662: 24654: 24645: 24644: 24642: 24641: 24635: 24629: 24623: 24617: 24611: 24605: 24599: 24593: 24587: 24581: 24575: 24569: 24563: 24557: 24551: 24545: 24539: 24533: 24527: 24524:Barzani revolt 24521: 24515: 24509: 24503: 24497: 24491: 24485: 24479: 24473: 24467: 24461: 24455: 24449: 24443: 24437: 24431: 24425: 24419: 24413: 24407: 24401: 24394: 24392: 24386: 24385: 24383: 24382: 24376: 24370: 24364: 24361:Tirah campaign 24358: 24352: 24346: 24340: 24334: 24328: 24322: 24316: 24310: 24304: 24298: 24292: 24286: 24280: 24274: 24271:Central Africa 24268: 24262: 24256: 24250: 24244: 24241:First Boer War 24238: 24232: 24226: 24223:Anglo-Zulu War 24220: 24214: 24208: 24202: 24196: 24190: 24184: 24178: 24172: 24166: 24160: 24154: 24148: 24142: 24136: 24130: 24124: 24118: 24112: 24106: 24100: 24094: 24088: 24082: 24076: 24070: 24064: 24058: 24052: 24046: 24040: 24034: 24028: 24022: 24016: 24010: 24004: 23998: 23992: 23986: 23980: 23974: 23968: 23962: 23956: 23950: 23944: 23938: 23932: 23926: 23920: 23914: 23911:Froberg mutiny 23908: 23902: 23896: 23890: 23884: 23878: 23872: 23865: 23863: 23857: 23856: 23854: 23853: 23847: 23841: 23835: 23829: 23823: 23817: 23811: 23805: 23799: 23793: 23787: 23781: 23775: 23769: 23763: 23757: 23751: 23745: 23739: 23733: 23727: 23721: 23715: 23709: 23703: 23697: 23691: 23685: 23679: 23673: 23667: 23661: 23655: 23649: 23643: 23637: 23631: 23625: 23618: 23616: 23610: 23609: 23607: 23606: 23600: 23594: 23591:Williamite War 23588: 23582: 23576: 23570: 23564: 23558: 23552: 23546: 23540: 23534: 23528: 23522: 23516: 23510: 23504: 23498: 23492: 23486: 23479: 23477: 23471: 23470: 23467:British Empire 23458: 23457: 23450: 23443: 23435: 23426: 23425: 23423: 23422: 23417: 23412: 23407: 23402: 23397: 23395:Peace movement 23392: 23387: 23382: 23377: 23372: 23367: 23362: 23357: 23351: 23349: 23345: 23344: 23342: 23341: 23336: 23335: 23334: 23329: 23324: 23319: 23309: 23304: 23299: 23294: 23289: 23284: 23279: 23274: 23269: 23264: 23259: 23254: 23249: 23244: 23239: 23234: 23229: 23224: 23219: 23214: 23209: 23204: 23199: 23194: 23189: 23184: 23179: 23174: 23169: 23164: 23159: 23154: 23149: 23144: 23139: 23134: 23129: 23124: 23119: 23113: 23111: 23107: 23106: 23104: 23103: 23098: 23093: 23088: 23083: 23078: 23073: 23068: 23063: 23058: 23053: 23048: 23046:Pullman Strike 23043: 23038: 23036:Coal Creek War 23033: 23028: 23023: 23018: 23013: 23008: 23003: 22998: 22993: 22988: 22983: 22981:Dorr Rebellion 22978: 22973: 22968: 22963: 22958: 22952: 22950: 22946: 22945: 22942: 22939: 22938: 22933: 22932: 22925: 22918: 22910: 22901: 22900: 22898: 22897: 22892: 22886: 22884: 22880: 22879: 22877: 22876: 22867: 22865: 22861: 22860: 22858: 22857: 22852: 22850:Pompton Mutiny 22847: 22842: 22837: 22831: 22829: 22825: 22824: 22821: 22820: 22818: 22817: 22816: 22815: 22810: 22805: 22800: 22795: 22787: 22786: 22785: 22780: 22775: 22770: 22765: 22760: 22754:Cavalry Units 22751: 22749: 22745: 22744: 22742: 22741: 22736: 22735: 22734: 22729: 22724: 22716: 22710: 22708: 22704: 22703: 22701: 22700: 22695: 22690: 22684: 22682: 22678: 22677: 22675: 22674: 22669: 22667:South Carolina 22664: 22659: 22654: 22652:North Carolina 22649: 22644: 22639: 22634: 22629: 22624: 22619: 22614: 22608: 22606: 22599: 22593: 22592: 22587: 22584: 22583: 22571: 22570: 22563: 22556: 22548: 22539: 22538: 22535: 22534: 22531: 22530: 22528: 22527: 22522: 22517: 22516: 22515: 22510: 22505: 22500: 22495: 22490: 22485: 22480: 22475: 22473:Minor holidays 22470: 22465: 22460: 22455: 22450: 22445: 22440: 22435: 22430: 22420: 22415: 22410: 22405: 22400: 22395: 22390: 22385: 22380: 22374: 22372: 22368: 22367: 22365: 22364: 22359: 22354: 22349: 22343: 22341: 22337: 22336: 22334: 22333: 22325: 22319: 22317: 22309: 22308: 22306: 22305: 22304:Related topics 22294: 22293: 22290: 22289: 22287: 22286: 22281: 22276: 22274:Bill of Rights 22271: 22266: 22259: 22254: 22249: 22244: 22239: 22233: 22230: 22229: 22219: 22218: 22215: 22214: 22211: 22210: 22207: 22206: 22204: 22203: 22198: 22193: 22188: 22183: 22178: 22173: 22168: 22163: 22157: 22155: 22148: 22144: 22143: 22140: 22139: 22137: 22136: 22131: 22126: 22121: 22116: 22111: 22106: 22101: 22096: 22091: 22086: 22081: 22076: 22071: 22066: 22061: 22056: 22051: 22045: 22043: 22039: 22038: 22036: 22035: 22030: 22025: 22020: 22015: 22010: 22005: 22000: 21995: 21990: 21985: 21980: 21975: 21970: 21965: 21960: 21955: 21950: 21945: 21940: 21935: 21930: 21925: 21920: 21915: 21910: 21905: 21900: 21895: 21889: 21887: 21880: 21876: 21875: 21872: 21871: 21869: 21868: 21863: 21858: 21853: 21848: 21843: 21838: 21833: 21827: 21825: 21821: 21820: 21818: 21817: 21812: 21807: 21802: 21797: 21792: 21787: 21782: 21777: 21772: 21767: 21762: 21757: 21752: 21746: 21744: 21737: 21729: 21728: 21718: 21717: 21714: 21713: 21710: 21709: 21706: 21705: 21703: 21702: 21697: 21692: 21687: 21681: 21679: 21678:Loyal colonies 21675: 21674: 21672: 21671: 21666: 21664:South Carolina 21661: 21656: 21651: 21649:North Carolina 21646: 21641: 21636: 21631: 21626: 21621: 21616: 21611: 21605: 21603: 21601:Rebel colonies 21594: 21586: 21583: 21582: 21580: 21579: 21574: 21569: 21563: 21561: 21557: 21556: 21554: 21553: 21548: 21543: 21541:Sint Eustatius 21538: 21533: 21528: 21523: 21518: 21513: 21508: 21503: 21501:"First Salute" 21498: 21492: 21490: 21486: 21485: 21483: 21482: 21477: 21472: 21467: 21462: 21457: 21452: 21447: 21445:Kings Mountain 21442: 21437: 21432: 21427: 21422: 21417: 21412: 21407: 21402: 21397: 21392: 21387: 21382: 21377: 21372: 21367: 21362: 21357: 21352: 21347: 21342: 21337: 21335:Harlem Heights 21332: 21327: 21325:Valcour Island 21322: 21317: 21312: 21307: 21302: 21296: 21294: 21287: 21286: 21284: 21283: 21278: 21273: 21268: 21263: 21258: 21253: 21248: 21243: 21238: 21233: 21228: 21222: 21220: 21215: 21212: 21211: 21208: 21207: 21205: 21204: 21199: 21194: 21193: 21192: 21187: 21182: 21171: 21169: 21165: 21164: 21162: 21161: 21156: 21151: 21146: 21140: 21138: 21132: 21131: 21129: 21128: 21123: 21118: 21113: 21107: 21105: 21092: 21084: 21083: 21081: 21080: 21077: 21074: 21071: 21068: 21065: 21054: 21053: 21050: 21049: 21046: 21045: 21043: 21042: 21037: 21032: 21027: 21022: 21017: 21012: 21007: 21002: 20996: 20994: 20990: 20989: 20987: 20986: 20981: 20972: 20967: 20962: 20960:Lee Resolution 20957: 20952: 20947: 20942: 20937: 20932: 20927: 20922: 20917: 20912: 20907: 20902: 20897: 20890: 20885: 20880: 20878:Black Patriots 20875: 20870: 20865: 20860: 20855: 20850: 20845: 20839: 20837: 20833: 20832: 20830: 20829: 20824: 20819: 20814: 20809: 20804: 20799: 20794: 20789: 20784: 20778: 20773: 20768: 20763: 20758: 20753: 20748: 20742: 20740: 20735: 20732: 20731: 20729: 20728: 20726:Black Loyalist 20723: 20718: 20713: 20708: 20703: 20701:North ministry 20698: 20693: 20688: 20683: 20678: 20673: 20667: 20665: 20661: 20660: 20658: 20657: 20652: 20647: 20640: 20633: 20626: 20621: 20614: 20609: 20604: 20599: 20594: 20589: 20584: 20579: 20573: 20571: 20563: 20562: 20549: 20548: 20541: 20540: 20533: 20526: 20518: 20512: 20511: 20483: 20469: 20462: 20450: 20437: 20436: 20434: 20433:External links 20431: 20430: 20429: 20423: 20414: 20407: 20404: 20403: 20402: 20393: 20364: 20361: 20359: 20358: 20351: 20344: 20324: 20319:978-0393006445 20318: 20300: 20245: 20190: 20185:978-1615928316 20184: 20169: 20152: 20142: 20137:978-0742561205 20136: 20121: 20107: 20090: 20085:978-1844151431 20084: 20069: 20062: 20051: 20046:978-0665213304 20045: 20030: 20025:978-1440830280 20024: 20009: 19998: 19993:978-0813907482 19992: 19975: 19970:978-1429907996 19969: 19954: 19940: 19919: 19900: 19895:978-0765631435 19894: 19879: 19865: 19854: 19835: 19819: 19805: 19791: 19771: 19766:978-1438130132 19765: 19750: 19745:978-0801454943 19744: 19729: 19724:978-0582229426 19723: 19708: 19673: 19652: 19645: 19634: 19614: 19609:978-0375761041 19608: 19589: 19584:978-1417985364 19583: 19568: 19560:978-0151547456 19559: 19546: 19531: 19526:978-1438129167 19525: 19510: 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Vol. 3. 19202: 19174: 19169:978-0061139116 19168: 19155: 19150:978-0195134094 19149: 19131: 19120: 19114: 19099: 19078: 19064: 19050: 19035: 19018: 19007: 19002:978-0130292322 19001: 18986: 18981:978-0714816142 18980: 18967: 18960: 18955:978-1565545175 18954: 18941: 18935: 18920: 18895: 18885:Burgoyne, John 18881: 18867: 18860: 18831: 18820: 18805: 18802: 18800: 18799: 18790: 18777: 18760: 18743: 18726: 18703: 18686: 18668: 18643: 18622: 18621: 18617: 18616: 18596: 18595: 18590:978-0306806179 18589: 18574: 18569:978-0735224711 18568: 18553: 18548:978-0307758965 18547: 18529: 18519:978-1844157006 18518: 18503: 18490:978-1570035739 18489: 18474: 18469:978-1852851453 18468: 18455: 18446: 18441:978-0253280299 18440: 18425: 18420:978-1107536227 18419: 18406: 18389:978-0198217138 18388: 18373: 18359: 18354:978-1857286564 18353: 18338: 18330:978-1616080808 18329: 18314: 18300: 18292:|website= 18258: 18253:978-1199083234 18252: 18234: 18229:978-0802074027 18228: 18212: 18211: 18181: 18180: 18167: 18162: 18142: 18129: 18128: 18123:978-0787785642 18122: 18107: 18096: 18079: 18063: 18046: 18041:978-2760522091 18040: 18025: 18020:978-0393253870 18019: 18001: 17996:978-0700612673 17995: 17980: 17969: 17964:978-1570032387 17963: 17946: 17941:978-0521445702 17940: 17925: 17920:978-0859896153 17919: 17904: 17898: 17883: 17872: 17861: 17848:978-0888665782 17847: 17830: 17819: 17808: 17797: 17792:978-1782004431 17791: 17776: 17771:978-0870201646 17770: 17755: 17750:978-0140289848 17749: 17734: 17728: 17700: 17695:978-0879352332 17694: 17679: 17673: 17667:. Polyanthos. 17660: 17649: 17632: 17627:978-0198201953 17626: 17611: 17585:(3): 571–589. 17574: 17545: 17540:978-0142003336 17539: 17524: 17505: 17500:978-1611210118 17499: 17483: 17482: 17469:978-0786407835 17468: 17453: 17448:978-1317562856 17447: 17432: 17427:978-1780227108 17426: 17411: 17406:978-0553392593 17405: 17390: 17365: 17336: 17325: 17304: 17293: 17288:978-0786466948 17287: 17272: 17247: 17242:978-0299112905 17241: 17226: 17213: 17208:978-1134210398 17207: 17192: 17187:978-1416570912 17186: 17169: 17164:978-1258093402 17163: 17148: 17142: 17127: 17098: 17093:978-0786432134 17092: 17076: 17075: 17057:(2): 243–264. 17046: 17019: 17014:978-0698153233 17013: 16998: 16993:978-0195019094 16992: 16977: 16972:978-0226653181 16971: 16956: 16935: 16921: 16916:978-0547225647 16915: 16900: 16886: 16881:978-1596981645 16880: 16865: 16860:978-0817301910 16859: 16844: 16839:978-0140390162 16838: 16823: 16818:978-0300191073 16817: 16802: 16765: 16760:978-0761429388 16759: 16744: 16726:(2): 543–567. 16715: 16703:978-0806139166 16702: 16686: 16685: 16680:978-0811700771 16679: 16666: 16661:978-0873387002 16660: 16645: 16640:978-0670034208 16639: 16626: 16618:978-0199746705 16617: 16602: 16596: 16580: 16579: 16568: 16563:978-1855326880 16562: 16556:. Bloomsbury. 16547: 16539:978-0061816055 16538: 16523: 16518:978-1299106598 16517: 16502: 16497:978-1877853210 16496: 16481: 16476:978-1139434560 16475: 16460: 16452:978-0226923420 16451: 16436: 16425: 16412: 16407:978-0804705936 16406: 16391: 16377: 16344: 16339:978-0199740925 16338: 16320: 16315:978-0811745086 16314: 16299: 16288: 16283:978-0743287708 16282: 16264: 16253: 16248:978-1538119723 16247: 16232: 16211: 16206:978-0679779087 16205: 16191:Maier, Pauline 16187: 16182:978-0486842103 16181: 16166: 16147: 16133: 16127:978-0803281929 16126: 16110: 16109: 16104:978-0916346768 16103: 16088: 16077: 16072: 16067:978-0061451645 16066: 16051: 16046:978-0812969504 16045: 16031:Lengel, Edward 16027: 16022:978-1932714036 16021: 16006: 15995: 15984: 15979:978-0873511537 15978: 15965: 15960:978-1559725132 15959: 15944: 15939:978-1402241703 15938: 15923: 15904: 15886: 15885: 15880:978-0674027022 15879: 15864: 15859:978-9925057382 15858: 15843: 15837:978-0809015542 15836: 15821: 15816:978-1466879539 15815: 15800: 15795:978-1466879508 15794: 15779: 15774:978-0805046816 15773: 15758: 15753:978-1466879515 15752: 15734: 15729:978-0199324224 15728: 15713: 15708:978-1588342416 15707: 15692: 15675: 15670:978-0811705424 15669: 15654: 15625: 15620:978-0945612339 15619: 15603: 15602: 15597:978-0842029162 15596: 15581: 15570: 15565:978-0691184692 15564: 15546: 15541:978-1400075478 15540: 15525: 15520:978-1494118921 15519: 15504: 15499:978-0231109093 15498: 15482: 15481: 15465: 15460:978-0521533225 15459: 15443: 15442: 15414:(2): 187–222. 15399: 15394:978-1476664538 15393: 15380: 15360: 15355:978-1555468132 15354: 15339: 15334:978-0374107345 15333: 15318: 15313:978-0813908649 15312: 15297: 15292:978-0820324005 15291: 15276: 15270: 15252: 15247:978-1844156993 15246: 15231: 15226:978-0465027248 15225: 15210: 15202:978-0199765539 15201: 15186: 15175: 15170:978-1841199528 15169: 15154: 15149:978-0813190143 15148: 15133: 15119: 15118: 15099: 15094:978-1139444705 15093: 15078: 15070:978-0470756447 15069: 15054: 15049:General Greene 15043: 15038:978-1843831372 15037: 15022: 15017:978-1570034800 15016: 15001: 14973:Goos, Norman. 14970: 14964: 14951: 14946:978-0809046003 14945: 14930: 14924: 14919:978-0806135854 14918: 14903: 14898:978-1609495152 14897: 14881: 14880: 14869: 14858: 14850:978-1439105337 14849: 14834: 14832:. 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OUP Oxford. 14054: 14049:978-1476625850 14048: 14033: 14022: 14017:978-1317864448 14016: 14001: 13996:978-1594202667 13995: 13980: 13975:978-1841769776 13974: 13959: 13954:978-0826327956 13953: 13938: 13904: 13899:978-0195071986 13898: 13879: 13874:978-0313321689 13873: 13858: 13835: 13830:978-0802083586 13829: 13814: 13809:978-0807842690 13808: 13793: 13788:978-0199677832 13787: 13772: 13767:978-0195331271 13766: 13751: 13743:978-0801490088 13742: 13727: 13703: 13702: 13688: 13683:978-0786727049 13682: 13667: 13639: 13628: 13617: 13612:978-0471164029 13611: 13596: 13585: 13576: 13563:978-1570034879 13562: 13549: 13544:978-0679504405 13543: 13528: 13523:978-0253005618 13522: 13507: 13502:978-0750928083 13501: 13486: 13481:978-0859893855 13480: 13463: 13452: 13447:978-0007390915 13446: 13431: 13402: 13396: 13381: 13375: 13360: 13349: 13335: 13330:978-0160873300 13329: 13314: 13303: 13275: 13254: 13249:978-1626194076 13248: 13233: 13196: 13191:978-0307429780 13190: 13175: 13170:978-0807887660 13169: 13153: 13152: 13147:978-1608712489 13146: 13131: 13126:978-1402768163 13125: 13110: 13105:978-0521526371 13104: 13089: 13084:978-1424304721 13083: 13068: 13039: 13034:978-0813905259 13033: 13018: 13013:978-1588346599 13012: 12997: 12992:978-1851097746 12991: 12976: 12971:978-0061330117 12970: 12957: 12952:978-0306803666 12951: 12936: 12925: 12914: 12893: 12888:Main article: 12885: 12882: 12880: 12879: 12870:978-0894875595 12869: 12849: 12847:(1965) vol. 2. 12833: 12820: 12814:978-1305537422 12813: 12793: 12774:(2): 476–489. 12758: 12745: 12734:(8): 951–963. 12718: 12714:Historiography 12705: 12662: 12649: 12633: 12621: 12609: 12597: 12595: , p. 557 12585: 12573: 12561: 12549: 12528: 12516: 12504: 12492: 12480: 12468: 12456: 12441: 12426: 12414: 12402: 12390: 12378: 12363: 12351: 12339: 12327: 12312: 12300: 12288: 12276: 12264: 12252: 12240: 12228: 12216: 12204: 12189: 12177: 12165: 12153: 12141: 12129: 12117: 12105: 12093: 12081: 12069: 12057: 12045: 12033: 12018: 12006: 11994: 11982: 11970: 11958: 11946: 11942:Alexander 2010 11934: 11922: 11910: 11898: 11883: 11871: 11859: 11847: 11821: 11793: 11764:(2): 187–222. 11742: 11711: 11699: 11685: 11673: 11661: 11649: 11637: 11625: 11613: 11598: 11586: 11574: 11562: 11550: 11538: 11526: 11514: 11510:Ritcheson 1973 11502: 11490: 11478: 11466: 11454: 11442: 11430: 11418: 11406: 11391: 11379: 11367: 11355: 11351:Showalter 2007 11343: 11331: 11319: 11307: 11295: 11283: 11271: 11259: 11244: 11229: 11217: 11205: 11193: 11181: 11169: 11157: 11145: 11133: 11121: 11109: 11097: 11085: 11073: 11061: 11049: 11037: 11035:, pp. 298, 306 11025: 11013: 11001: 10989: 10977: 10965: 10953: 10941: 10937:Philbrick 2016 10929: 10927:, "Privateers" 10917: 10915: , p. 240 10905: 10893: 10881: 10869: 10857: 10845: 10833: 10821: 10809: 10797: 10788: 10776: 10764: 10752: 10740: 10728: 10716: 10704: 10700:Smith, D. 2012 10689: 10677: 10662: 10643: 10626: 10611: 10599: 10595:Davenport 1917 10587: 10572: 10560: 10549: 10537: 10525: 10513: 10492: 10488:Middleton 2014 10480: 10468: 10456: 10444: 10440:Middleton 2014 10432: 10420: 10408: 10396: 10384: 10372: 10360: 10348: 10346:, pp. 423, 520 10336: 10319: 10307: 10295: 10283: 10271: 10259: 10247: 10235: 10223: 10211: 10199: 10187: 10175: 10163: 10151: 10139: 10127: 10115: 10103: 10088: 10076: 10064: 10052: 10040: 10028: 10016: 10004: 9992: 9980: 9968: 9956: 9941: 9929: 9917: 9905: 9893: 9881: 9869: 9857: 9845: 9833: 9808: 9782: 9770: 9758: 9746: 9734: 9723: 9711: 9707:Morrissey 2004 9699: 9687: 9678: 9663: 9651: 9639: 9627: 9615: 9603: 9591: 9576: 9564: 9552: 9540: 9528: 9516: 9504: 9500:Davenport 1917 9492: 9488:Davenport 1917 9480: 9443: 9431: 9419: 9408: 9392: 9380: 9368: 9356: 9344: 9332: 9320: 9308: 9296: 9284: 9272: 9268:McGeorge, 1905 9260: 9248: 9236: 9224: 9212: 9200: 9188: 9176: 9164: 9152: 9140: 9128: 9116: 9104: 9089: 9077: 9065: 9053: 9041: 9029: 9017: 9005: 8993: 8981: 8969: 8957: 8945: 8943:, pp. 248, 255 8933: 8921: 8909: 8897: 8885: 8873: 8861: 8849: 8837: 8825: 8821:Lowenthal 2009 8813: 8801: 8789: 8777: 8765: 8753: 8741: 8729: 8727: , p. 657 8717: 8705: 8694: 8677: 8665: 8653: 8641: 8639: , p. 104 8629: 8617: 8605: 8593: 8581: 8579:, pp. 154, 158 8569: 8557: 8545: 8533: 8521: 8512: 8500: 8488: 8484:Lefkowitz 2007 8476: 8464: 8460:Smith, J. 1907 8452: 8440: 8428: 8416: 8404: 8400:Glatthaar 2007 8392: 8388:Smith, J. 1907 8380: 8368: 8356: 8344: 8332: 8320: 8308: 8296: 8284: 8272: 8257: 8245: 8233: 8221: 8219:Fischer, p. 85 8212: 8200: 8178: 8166: 8154: 8142: 8130: 8113: 8096: 8084: 8072: 8060: 8058:, pp. 112, 118 8048: 8036: 8024: 8012: 8000: 7996:Smith, D. 2012 7988: 7984:Davenport 1917 7976: 7964: 7952: 7940: 7928: 7916: 7901: 7889: 7877: 7865: 7853: 7838: 7826: 7814: 7802: 7790: 7778: 7753: 7741: 7729: 7717: 7715:, pp. 116, 187 7705: 7693: 7667:(2): 218–240. 7645: 7628: 7616: 7601: 7589: 7577: 7564: 7549: 7530: 7526:Archuleta 2006 7518: 7514:Otfinoski 2008 7506: 7494: 7482: 7465: 7454: 7442: 7427: 7423:Knesebeck 2017 7415: 7400: 7385: 7371: 7367:Chartrand 2006 7359: 7347: 7336: 7325: 7313: 7299: 7288: 7272: 7266:"Rochambeau", 7258: 7247: 7235: 7224: 7209: 7194: 7179: 7158: 7146: 7132: 7120: 7105: 7076: 7064: 7052: 7037: 7018: 7007: 6996: 6984: 6983: 6982: 6975: 6972: 6969: 6968: 6964:merchant ships 6926:served in the 6915: 6902: 6889: 6880: 6867: 6857: 6843: 6814: 6805: 6794: 6784: 6774: 6745: 6736: 6711: 6693: 6683: 6665: 6639: 6629: 6612: 6603: 6582: 6573: 6563: 6553: 6543: 6529:Royal Navy 94 6522: 6513: 6504: 6479: 6446: 6417: 6408: 6399: 6390: 6381: 6371: 6362: 6352: 6339: 6322: 6313: 6287:independently 6277: 6244: 6230: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6204: 6203:Bibliographies 6201: 6200: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6142: 6139: 6138: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6120: 6117: 6116: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6088: 6085: 6084: 6083: 6078: 6071: 6068: 6067: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6024: 6021: 6020: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5992: 5989: 5988: 5987: 5982: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5969: 5968: 5949: 5942: 5940: 5930: 5923: 5921: 5910: 5903: 5901: 5894: 5887: 5885: 5865: 5862: 5861: 5860: 5856: 5849: 5785:, especially " 5777: 5776:Historiography 5774: 5716: 5713: 5657: 5654: 5598:mother country 5593: 5590: 5525:Main article: 5522: 5519: 5487:Richard Oswald 5402: 5399: 5395:Lord Shelburne 5391:new government 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5231:North Carolina 5185: 5182: 5153:Black Patriots 5143:Black Pioneers 5104:Main article: 5101: 5098: 5065:camp followers 5030:Main article: 5027: 5024: 5011:British Legion 4987:South Carolina 4940:Main article: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4850:Main article: 4847: 4844: 4785:Main article: 4782: 4779: 4746: 4743: 4725:Dutch Republic 4706:Main article: 4703: 4700: 4689:outgunned HMS 4604: 4601: 4501:Main article: 4498: 4495: 4487:British Empire 4469: 4466: 4450:retook Menorca 4446:Gulf of Mexico 4442:Dutch Republic 4411: 4408: 4303:surrenders at 4269:Main article: 4266: 4265:British defeat 4263: 4113:British Quebec 4105:Henry Hamilton 4079:Cuyahoga River 4064:Oliver Pollock 4029:Henry Hamilton 4014:Main article: 4011: 4008: 3996:Andrew Pickens 3960:British Legion 3824:British Legion 3796:Main article: 3793: 3790: 3736:scorched earth 3728:Iroquois raids 3639: 3636: 3607:States General 3561:in August 1778 3515:Saint-Domingue 3496:Sint Eustatius 3433: 3430: 3401:John Hazelwood 3358:Chesapeake Bay 3242: 3239: 3152:Emanuel Leutze 3124: 3121: 3109:New York state 3054:Thomas Mifflin 2937:Main article: 2934: 2931: 2916:brief skirmish 2884:South Carolina 2876:North Carolina 2868:South Carolina 2837:militia stores 2811:Valcour Island 2807:Lake Champlain 2800:Trois-Rivières 2660:, and capture 2640:, in June 1776 2626:William Jasper 2612:attack at the 2591: 2588: 2576:Francesco Vigo 2558:Chesapeake Bay 2546:Western Quebec 2510: 2509:War breaks out 2507: 2437:appointed the 2413:Main article: 2410: 2407: 2382:Lord Dartmouth 2370:John Dickinson 2327:Main article: 2324: 2321: 2242: 2239: 2199:banking crisis 2191:Pine Tree Flag 2187:Pine Tree Riot 2172:North Ministry 2168:Townshend Acts 2116:North Carolina 2097:Pine Tree Riot 2088: 2085: 1991:following the 1959:Main article: 1956: 1953: 1909:North ministry 1880:scorched earth 1840:Delaware River 1809:Lee Resolution 1781:Townshend Acts 1765:British Empire 1742:Atlantic Ocean 1718:Dutch Republic 1663: 1662: 1660: 1659: 1654: 1653: 1652: 1647: 1637: 1632: 1631: 1630: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1589: 1586: 1585: 1572: 1571: 1564: 1557: 1549: 1541: 1540: 1538: 1537: 1535: 1534: 1533:500 total dead 1530: 1525: 1523: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1512: 1504: 1502: 1501: 1500:4,888 deserted 1498: 1495: 1491: 1486: 1484: 1483: 1479: 1477:Great Britain: 1473: 1471: 1469: 1468: 1462: 1460: 1459: 1456: 1452: 1447: 1445: 1444: 1440:2,112 killed– 1437: 1432: 1430: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1414: 1410: 1408:United States: 1404: 1401: 1400: 1396: 1395: 1393: 1392: 1390: 1389: 1385: 1380: 1378: 1377: 1376:29,875 (total) 1373: 1365: 1363: 1362: 1361:25,000 (total) 1358: 1350: 1348: 1347: 1345: 1344: 1340: 1334: 1332: 1331: 1327: 1320: 1318:Great Britain: 1314: 1312: 1310: 1309: 1303: 1297: 1291: 1286: 1284: 1283: 1271: 1264: 1259: 1257: 1256: 1254: 1253: 1249: 1241: 1240:: 2,131 (peak) 1235: 1233: 1232: 1221: 1215: 1213: 1212: 1208: 1197: 1195:United States: 1191: 1188: 1187: 1183: 1182: 1180: 1179: 1172: 1160: 1158:Henry Hamilton 1148: 1136: 1124: 1112: 1100: 1088: 1076: 1063: 1060: 1059: 1057:Lord Shelburne 1047: 1035: 1015: 1013: 1011: 1010: 1003: 991: 979: 960: 948: 930: 918: 906: 894: 882: 869: 866: 865: 846: 827: 801: 798: 797: 793: 792: 790: 789: 787: 786: 781: 776: 771: 766: 761: 756: 751: 746: 741: 730: 729: 728: 726: 725: 710: 700: 690: 680: 670: 660: 630: 629: 628: 625: 619: 617: 616: 611: 606: 601: 596: 591: 586: 581: 576: 571: 566: 561: 550: 549: 548: 546: 545: 537: 528: 520: 519: 518: 517: 512: 507: 502: 497: 475: 473: 472: 469:Dutch Republic 431: 430: 425: 423:South Carolina 420: 418:North Carolina 415: 410: 405: 400: 395: 390: 385: 380: 375: 370: 361: 360: 359: 338: 294: 293: 289: 288: 285: 284: 283: 282: 263: 227: 221: 220: 219: 218: 212: 202: 190: 186: 185: 172: 170: 166: 165: 158: 150: 149: 111: 110: 101: 100: 92: 91: 90: 81: 80: 72: 71: 70: 61: 60: 59: 58: 57: 54: 53: 46: 45: 39: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 29821: 29810: 29807: 29805: 29802: 29800: 29797: 29795: 29792: 29790: 29787: 29785: 29782: 29780: 29777: 29775: 29772: 29770: 29767: 29765: 29762: 29760: 29757: 29755: 29752: 29750: 29747: 29745: 29742: 29740: 29737: 29736: 29734: 29724: 29723:Great Britain 29714: 29712: 29711:United States 29702: 29701: 29698: 29685: 29682: 29680: 29677: 29676: 29671: 29667: 29664: 29660: 29659: 29655: 29641: 29638: 29636: 29633: 29631: 29628: 29624: 29621: 29620: 29619: 29616: 29612: 29609: 29608: 29607: 29604: 29602: 29599: 29597: 29594: 29592: 29589: 29587: 29584: 29582: 29579: 29575: 29572: 29570: 29567: 29566: 29565: 29562: 29560: 29559:Energy policy 29557: 29553: 29550: 29548: 29545: 29543: 29540: 29538: 29535: 29533: 29530: 29528: 29525: 29523: 29520: 29518: 29515: 29514: 29513: 29510: 29508: 29505: 29501: 29500:incarceration 29498: 29497: 29496: 29493: 29491: 29488: 29487: 29485: 29481: 29475: 29472: 29470: 29467: 29465: 29462: 29460: 29457: 29455: 29452: 29450: 29447: 29445: 29442: 29440: 29437: 29435: 29432: 29430: 29427: 29423: 29420: 29418: 29415: 29413: 29410: 29409: 29408: 29405: 29401: 29398: 29396: 29393: 29391: 29388: 29386: 29385:Prenatal care 29383: 29381: 29380:Birth control 29378: 29376: 29373: 29372: 29371: 29368: 29366: 29363: 29362: 29360: 29358: 29354: 29348: 29345: 29343: 29340: 29338: 29335: 29333: 29330: 29328: 29325: 29323: 29320: 29318: 29317:Homeownership 29315: 29313: 29310: 29308: 29305: 29303: 29300: 29298: 29295: 29294: 29292: 29290: 29286: 29280: 29277: 29275: 29272: 29270: 29267: 29265: 29262: 29260: 29257: 29255: 29252: 29250: 29247: 29245: 29242: 29240: 29237: 29235: 29232: 29230: 29227: 29225: 29222: 29220: 29217: 29213: 29210: 29208: 29205: 29203: 29200: 29198: 29195: 29194: 29193: 29190: 29188: 29185: 29183: 29180: 29178: 29175: 29171: 29168: 29166: 29163: 29161: 29158: 29156: 29153: 29151: 29148: 29147: 29146: 29143: 29141: 29138: 29134: 29131: 29129: 29126: 29124: 29121: 29120: 29119: 29116: 29114: 29111: 29109: 29106: 29104: 29101: 29097: 29094: 29093: 29092: 29089: 29087: 29084: 29080: 29077: 29076: 29075: 29072: 29070: 29067: 29065: 29062: 29058: 29055: 29053: 29050: 29049: 29048: 29045: 29041: 29040:working class 29038: 29036: 29033: 29031: 29028: 29026: 29023: 29021: 29018: 29016: 29013: 29011: 29008: 29006: 29003: 29001: 29000:homeownership 28998: 28996: 28993: 28991: 28988: 28987: 28986: 28983: 28981: 28978: 28976: 28973: 28971: 28968: 28966: 28963: 28961: 28958: 28956: 28953: 28951: 28948: 28947: 28945: 28943: 28939: 28935: 28932: 28930: 28926: 28916: 28913: 28911: 28908: 28906: 28903: 28901: 28898: 28896: 28893: 28891: 28888: 28886: 28883: 28882: 28880: 28878: 28874: 28868: 28865: 28863: 28860: 28858: 28855: 28853: 28850: 28848: 28845: 28843: 28840: 28838: 28835: 28833: 28830: 28828: 28825: 28823: 28820: 28818: 28815: 28813: 28810: 28806: 28803: 28801: 28798: 28796: 28793: 28791: 28788: 28786: 28783: 28781: 28780:Manufacturing 28778: 28776: 28773: 28771: 28768: 28766: 28763: 28761: 28758: 28756: 28753: 28751: 28748: 28747: 28746: 28743: 28742: 28739: 28736: 28734: 28730: 28716: 28713: 28709: 28708:Third parties 28706: 28704: 28701: 28699: 28696: 28695: 28694: 28691: 28687: 28684: 28682: 28679: 28677: 28674: 28673: 28672: 28669: 28667: 28664: 28660: 28657: 28656: 28655: 28652: 28648: 28645: 28643: 28640: 28639: 28638: 28635: 28633: 28630: 28629: 28626: 28614: 28611: 28610: 28609: 28606: 28605: 28603: 28601: 28597: 28591: 28588: 28586: 28583: 28582: 28580: 28578: 28574: 28568: 28565: 28563: 28560: 28558: 28555: 28553: 28550: 28548: 28545: 28543: 28540: 28538: 28535: 28533: 28530: 28528: 28525: 28523: 28520: 28519: 28517: 28513: 28507: 28504: 28502: 28499: 28497: 28494: 28492: 28489: 28488: 28486: 28484: 28480: 28477: 28475: 28471: 28465: 28462: 28458: 28455: 28454: 28453: 28450: 28446: 28443: 28441: 28438: 28436: 28433: 28432: 28431: 28428: 28426: 28423: 28422: 28420: 28418: 28414: 28404: 28401: 28399: 28396: 28394: 28391: 28389: 28386: 28385: 28383: 28381: 28377: 28369: 28366: 28365: 28364: 28361: 28357: 28354: 28353: 28352: 28349: 28348: 28346: 28344: 28340: 28334: 28331: 28329: 28326: 28325: 28323: 28321: 28317: 28309: 28306: 28305: 28304: 28301: 28299: 28296: 28294: 28291: 28289: 28286: 28284: 28281: 28279: 28276: 28274: 28271: 28269: 28266: 28262: 28259: 28258: 28257: 28254: 28250: 28247: 28246: 28245: 28242: 28241: 28239: 28237: 28233: 28230: 28228: 28222: 28217: 28213: 28203: 28200: 28198: 28195: 28191: 28188: 28186: 28183: 28181: 28178: 28176: 28173: 28171: 28168: 28166: 28163: 28161: 28158: 28157: 28156: 28153: 28152: 28150: 28148: 28144: 28138: 28135: 28131: 28128: 28126: 28123: 28121: 28118: 28116: 28113: 28112: 28111: 28108: 28106: 28103: 28099: 28096: 28095: 28094: 28091: 28090: 28088: 28086: 28082: 28076: 28075:U.S. attorney 28073: 28071: 28068: 28064: 28061: 28059: 28056: 28055: 28054: 28050: 28047: 28043: 28040: 28039: 28038: 28035: 28031: 28028: 28026: 28023: 28021: 28020:Chief Justice 28018: 28017: 28016: 28015:Supreme Court 28013: 28012: 28010: 28008: 28004: 27998: 27995: 27993: 27990: 27988: 27985: 27983: 27980: 27978: 27975: 27971: 27968: 27966: 27963: 27961: 27958: 27957: 27956: 27953: 27949: 27946: 27944: 27941: 27940: 27939: 27936: 27935: 27933: 27931: 27927: 27921: 27920:Public policy 27918: 27916: 27915:Civil service 27913: 27911: 27908: 27904: 27901: 27899: 27896: 27894: 27891: 27889: 27886: 27884: 27881: 27879: 27876: 27874: 27871: 27869: 27866: 27864: 27861: 27860: 27859: 27856: 27852: 27849: 27847: 27844: 27842: 27839: 27837: 27834: 27833: 27832: 27829: 27827: 27824: 27822: 27819: 27817: 27814: 27812: 27809: 27805: 27802: 27800: 27797: 27796: 27795: 27792: 27791: 27789: 27785: 27782: 27780: 27776: 27772: 27769: 27767: 27763: 27753: 27750: 27748: 27745: 27743: 27740: 27736: 27733: 27731: 27728: 27726: 27723: 27721: 27718: 27716: 27713: 27711: 27708: 27706: 27703: 27701: 27698: 27697: 27696: 27692: 27688: 27685: 27683: 27680: 27678: 27675: 27673: 27670: 27668: 27665: 27663: 27660: 27658: 27655: 27653: 27650: 27648: 27645: 27643: 27640: 27638: 27635: 27633: 27630: 27628: 27625: 27623: 27620: 27618: 27615: 27613: 27610: 27608: 27605: 27604: 27603: 27600: 27596: 27593: 27592: 27591: 27588: 27584: 27583:Sierra Nevada 27581: 27579: 27576: 27574: 27571: 27569: 27566: 27564: 27561: 27560: 27559: 27556: 27554: 27551: 27549: 27546: 27544: 27541: 27537: 27534: 27532: 27529: 27527: 27524: 27522: 27521:insular zones 27519: 27517: 27514: 27512: 27509: 27507: 27504: 27502: 27499: 27497: 27494: 27493: 27492: 27489: 27488: 27485: 27482: 27480: 27476: 27466: 27463: 27461: 27458: 27456: 27453: 27451: 27448: 27446: 27443: 27441: 27438: 27436: 27433: 27431: 27428: 27427: 27425: 27421: 27415: 27412: 27410: 27407: 27403: 27400: 27398: 27395: 27394: 27393: 27392:War on Terror 27390: 27388: 27385: 27383: 27380: 27378: 27375: 27373: 27372:LGBT Movement 27370: 27368: 27365: 27363: 27360: 27358: 27355: 27353: 27350: 27348: 27345: 27341: 27338: 27337: 27336: 27333: 27331: 27328: 27326: 27323: 27321: 27318: 27316: 27313: 27311: 27308: 27304: 27301: 27299: 27296: 27294: 27291: 27290: 27288: 27286: 27283: 27281: 27278: 27276: 27273: 27271: 27268: 27266: 27263: 27261: 27258: 27256: 27253: 27251: 27248: 27246: 27243: 27241: 27238: 27236: 27233: 27229: 27226: 27224: 27221: 27220: 27219: 27216: 27214: 27211: 27207: 27204: 27202: 27199: 27198: 27197: 27194: 27190: 27187: 27185: 27182: 27181: 27180: 27177: 27175: 27172: 27170: 27167: 27165: 27162: 27158: 27155: 27153: 27150: 27148: 27145: 27143: 27140: 27138: 27135: 27133: 27130: 27128: 27125: 27124: 27123: 27120: 27118: 27115: 27114: 27112: 27108: 27102: 27099: 27097: 27094: 27092: 27089: 27087: 27084: 27082: 27079: 27077: 27074: 27072: 27069: 27067: 27064: 27062: 27059: 27057: 27054: 27052: 27049: 27048: 27046: 27042: 27039: 27037: 27033: 27028: 27027:United States 27021: 27016: 27014: 27009: 27007: 27002: 27001: 26998: 26986: 26982: 26978: 26976: 26968: 26966: 26963: 26961: 26960:List of years 26958: 26957: 26954: 26940: 26932: 26930: 26929:Urban history 26927: 26926: 26924: 26920: 26914: 26911: 26909: 26908:Palmyra Atoll 26906: 26904: 26901: 26899: 26896: 26894: 26891: 26889: 26886: 26884: 26883:Jarvis Island 26881: 26879: 26876: 26874: 26871: 26870: 26868: 26864: 26858: 26855: 26853: 26850: 26848: 26845: 26843: 26840: 26838: 26835: 26834: 26832: 26830:Insular areas 26828: 26824: 26820: 26816: 26810: 26807: 26805: 26802: 26800: 26799:West Virginia 26797: 26795: 26792: 26790: 26787: 26785: 26782: 26780: 26777: 26775: 26772: 26770: 26767: 26765: 26762: 26760: 26757: 26755: 26752: 26750: 26747: 26745: 26742: 26740: 26737: 26735: 26732: 26730: 26727: 26725: 26722: 26720: 26717: 26715: 26712: 26710: 26707: 26705: 26704:New Hampshire 26702: 26700: 26697: 26695: 26692: 26690: 26687: 26685: 26682: 26680: 26677: 26675: 26672: 26670: 26667: 26665: 26664:Massachusetts 26662: 26660: 26657: 26655: 26652: 26650: 26647: 26645: 26642: 26640: 26637: 26635: 26632: 26630: 26627: 26625: 26622: 26620: 26617: 26615: 26612: 26610: 26607: 26605: 26602: 26600: 26597: 26595: 26592: 26590: 26587: 26585: 26582: 26580: 26577: 26575: 26572: 26570: 26567: 26565: 26562: 26561: 26559: 26555: 26549: 26546: 26544: 26541: 26539: 26536: 26535: 26533: 26529: 26523: 26520: 26518: 26515: 26513: 26510: 26508: 26505: 26503: 26500: 26499: 26497: 26495: 26491: 26487: 26480: 26476: 26464: 26461: 26459: 26456: 26454: 26451: 26450: 26449: 26448: 26444: 26442: 26441: 26437: 26433: 26430: 26428: 26425: 26424: 26423: 26422: 26418: 26414: 26411: 26409: 26406: 26404: 26401: 26399: 26396: 26394: 26391: 26389: 26386: 26385: 26384: 26383: 26379: 26377: 26376: 26372: 26368: 26365: 26364: 26363: 26362: 26358: 26354: 26351: 26349: 26346: 26344: 26341: 26339: 26336: 26334: 26331: 26329: 26326: 26324: 26321: 26319: 26316: 26314: 26311: 26310: 26309: 26308: 26304: 26300: 26297: 26295: 26294:Thai American 26292: 26290: 26287: 26285: 26282: 26280: 26277: 26275: 26272: 26270: 26267: 26266: 26265: 26264: 26260: 26258: 26257: 26253: 26252: 26249: 26242: 26238: 26226: 26223: 26221: 26218: 26216: 26213: 26211: 26208: 26206: 26203: 26202: 26201: 26200: 26196: 26192: 26189: 26188: 26187: 26186: 26182: 26180: 26179: 26175: 26173: 26172: 26168: 26164: 26161: 26159: 26156: 26154: 26151: 26149: 26146: 26144: 26141: 26139: 26136: 26135: 26134: 26133: 26132:Party Systems 26129: 26125: 26122: 26120: 26117: 26115: 26112: 26110: 26107: 26105: 26102: 26100: 26097: 26096: 26095: 26094: 26090: 26088: 26087: 26083: 26081: 26080: 26076: 26072: 26071:Voting rights 26069: 26067: 26064: 26062: 26059: 26057: 26054: 26052: 26049: 26047: 26044: 26042: 26039: 26037: 26034: 26032: 26029: 26027: 26024: 26022: 26019: 26017: 26014: 26013: 26012: 26011: 26007: 26005: 26004: 26000: 25996: 25993: 25992: 25991: 25990: 25986: 25982: 25979: 25978: 25977: 25976: 25972: 25968: 25965: 25964: 25963: 25962: 25958: 25954: 25951: 25949: 25946: 25944: 25941: 25939: 25936: 25935: 25934: 25933: 25929: 25927: 25926: 25922: 25920: 25919: 25915: 25914: 25911: 25904: 25900: 25886: 25883: 25881: 25878: 25876: 25875: 25871: 25869: 25866: 25864: 25861: 25859: 25856: 25852: 25849: 25848: 25847: 25844: 25842: 25839: 25837: 25836: 25832: 25830: 25827: 25823: 25820: 25818: 25815: 25813: 25810: 25808: 25805: 25803: 25800: 25798: 25795: 25793: 25790: 25788: 25785: 25784: 25783: 25780: 25778: 25775: 25774: 25772: 25770: 25766: 25760: 25757: 25755: 25752: 25750: 25747: 25743: 25740: 25738: 25735: 25734: 25733: 25732:War on terror 25730: 25728: 25725: 25723: 25722: 25718: 25716: 25713: 25711: 25708: 25706: 25703: 25701: 25698: 25696: 25693: 25691: 25688: 25686: 25683: 25681: 25678: 25677: 25675: 25673: 25669: 25663: 25660: 25658: 25655: 25653: 25650: 25646: 25643: 25641: 25638: 25636: 25633: 25632: 25631: 25630:Late Cold War 25628: 25626: 25623: 25619: 25616: 25614: 25611: 25610: 25609: 25606: 25605: 25603: 25601: 25597: 25591: 25588: 25586: 25583: 25581: 25578: 25574: 25571: 25570: 25569: 25566: 25564: 25561: 25559: 25556: 25554: 25551: 25547: 25544: 25542: 25539: 25537: 25534: 25533: 25532: 25529: 25525: 25522: 25520: 25517: 25516: 25515: 25512: 25510: 25509:Great Society 25507: 25506: 25504: 25502: 25498: 25492: 25489: 25485: 25482: 25481: 25480: 25477: 25475: 25472: 25470: 25467: 25465: 25464:Post-war boom 25462: 25458: 25455: 25453: 25450: 25448: 25445: 25443: 25440: 25439: 25438: 25435: 25431: 25428: 25427: 25426: 25423: 25421: 25418: 25417: 25415: 25413: 25409: 25399: 25396: 25395: 25394: 25391: 25389: 25386: 25384: 25381: 25380: 25379: 25376: 25372: 25369: 25367: 25364: 25362: 25359: 25358: 25357: 25354: 25350: 25347: 25345: 25342: 25340: 25337: 25335: 25332: 25330: 25327: 25325: 25322: 25321: 25320: 25317: 25315: 25312: 25308: 25305: 25304: 25303: 25300: 25299: 25297: 25295: 25291: 25285: 25282: 25278: 25275: 25273: 25270: 25268: 25265: 25263: 25260: 25259: 25258: 25255: 25251: 25248: 25246: 25243: 25241: 25238: 25236: 25233: 25231: 25228: 25226: 25223: 25222: 25221: 25218: 25216: 25213: 25209: 25206: 25204: 25201: 25199: 25196: 25194: 25191: 25189: 25186: 25185: 25184: 25181: 25180: 25178: 25176: 25172: 25164: 25161: 25159: 25156: 25155: 25154: 25151: 25147: 25144: 25142: 25139: 25137: 25134: 25130: 25127: 25126: 25125: 25122: 25120: 25117: 25115: 25112: 25111: 25110: 25107: 25105: 25102: 25100: 25097: 25096: 25094: 25092: 25088: 25082: 25079: 25077: 25074: 25070: 25067: 25065: 25062: 25060: 25057: 25055: 25052: 25050: 25047: 25045: 25042: 25041: 25040: 25037: 25033: 25030: 25028: 25025: 25024: 25023: 25020: 25019: 25017: 25015: 25011: 25003: 25000: 24998: 24995: 24994: 24993: 24990: 24986: 24983: 24981: 24978: 24977: 24976: 24973: 24971: 24968: 24967: 24965: 24963: 24959: 24951: 24948: 24946: 24943: 24941: 24938: 24936: 24933: 24931: 24928: 24925: 24924: 24923: 24920: 24916: 24913: 24911: 24908: 24906: 24903: 24901: 24898: 24896: 24893: 24892: 24891: 24888: 24887: 24885: 24883: 24879: 24871: 24868: 24866: 24863: 24861: 24858: 24856: 24853: 24851: 24848: 24846: 24843: 24841: 24838: 24836: 24833: 24831: 24828: 24826: 24823: 24821: 24818: 24817: 24816: 24813: 24811: 24808: 24806: 24803: 24801: 24798: 24796: 24793: 24791: 24788: 24786: 24783: 24781: 24778: 24776: 24773: 24771: 24768: 24766: 24763: 24761: 24758: 24756: 24753: 24752: 24750: 24748: 24744: 24738: 24737: 24733: 24731: 24730: 24726: 24725: 24723: 24719: 24715: 24708: 24704: 24698: 24695: 24693: 24690: 24689: 24686: 24682: 24675: 24670: 24668: 24663: 24661: 24656: 24655: 24652: 24639: 24636: 24633: 24630: 24627: 24624: 24621: 24618: 24615: 24612: 24609: 24606: 24603: 24600: 24597: 24594: 24591: 24588: 24585: 24582: 24579: 24576: 24573: 24570: 24567: 24564: 24561: 24558: 24555: 24552: 24549: 24546: 24543: 24540: 24537: 24534: 24531: 24528: 24525: 24522: 24519: 24516: 24513: 24512:Ikhwan revolt 24510: 24507: 24504: 24501: 24498: 24495: 24492: 24489: 24486: 24483: 24480: 24477: 24474: 24471: 24468: 24465: 24462: 24459: 24456: 24453: 24450: 24447: 24444: 24441: 24438: 24435: 24432: 24429: 24426: 24423: 24420: 24417: 24414: 24411: 24408: 24405: 24402: 24399: 24396: 24395: 24393: 24387: 24380: 24377: 24374: 24371: 24368: 24365: 24362: 24359: 24356: 24353: 24350: 24347: 24344: 24341: 24338: 24335: 24332: 24329: 24326: 24323: 24320: 24317: 24314: 24311: 24308: 24305: 24302: 24299: 24296: 24293: 24290: 24287: 24284: 24281: 24278: 24275: 24272: 24269: 24266: 24263: 24260: 24257: 24254: 24251: 24248: 24245: 24242: 24239: 24236: 24233: 24230: 24227: 24224: 24221: 24218: 24215: 24212: 24209: 24206: 24203: 24200: 24197: 24194: 24191: 24188: 24185: 24182: 24179: 24176: 24173: 24170: 24167: 24164: 24161: 24158: 24155: 24152: 24149: 24146: 24143: 24140: 24137: 24134: 24131: 24128: 24125: 24122: 24119: 24116: 24113: 24110: 24107: 24104: 24101: 24098: 24095: 24092: 24089: 24086: 24083: 24080: 24077: 24074: 24071: 24068: 24065: 24062: 24059: 24056: 24053: 24050: 24047: 24044: 24041: 24038: 24035: 24032: 24029: 24026: 24023: 24020: 24017: 24014: 24011: 24008: 24005: 24002: 23999: 23996: 23993: 23990: 23987: 23984: 23981: 23978: 23975: 23972: 23969: 23966: 23963: 23960: 23959:Spice Islands 23957: 23954: 23951: 23948: 23945: 23942: 23939: 23936: 23933: 23930: 23927: 23924: 23921: 23918: 23917:Santo Domingo 23915: 23912: 23909: 23906: 23903: 23900: 23897: 23894: 23891: 23888: 23885: 23882: 23879: 23876: 23873: 23870: 23867: 23866: 23864: 23858: 23851: 23848: 23845: 23842: 23839: 23836: 23833: 23830: 23827: 23824: 23821: 23818: 23815: 23812: 23809: 23806: 23803: 23800: 23797: 23794: 23791: 23788: 23785: 23782: 23779: 23776: 23773: 23770: 23767: 23764: 23761: 23758: 23755: 23752: 23749: 23746: 23743: 23740: 23737: 23734: 23731: 23728: 23725: 23722: 23719: 23716: 23713: 23710: 23707: 23706:Pontiac's War 23704: 23701: 23698: 23695: 23692: 23689: 23686: 23683: 23680: 23677: 23674: 23671: 23668: 23665: 23662: 23659: 23658:Carnatic Wars 23656: 23653: 23650: 23647: 23644: 23641: 23638: 23635: 23632: 23629: 23628:Tuscarora War 23626: 23623: 23620: 23619: 23617: 23611: 23604: 23601: 23598: 23595: 23592: 23589: 23586: 23583: 23580: 23577: 23574: 23571: 23568: 23565: 23562: 23559: 23556: 23553: 23550: 23547: 23544: 23541: 23538: 23535: 23532: 23529: 23526: 23523: 23520: 23517: 23514: 23511: 23508: 23505: 23502: 23499: 23496: 23493: 23490: 23487: 23484: 23481: 23480: 23478: 23472: 23468: 23464: 23456: 23451: 23449: 23444: 23442: 23437: 23436: 23433: 23421: 23418: 23416: 23415:War on terror 23413: 23411: 23408: 23406: 23403: 23401: 23398: 23396: 23393: 23391: 23388: 23386: 23383: 23381: 23378: 23376: 23373: 23371: 23368: 23366: 23363: 23361: 23358: 23356: 23353: 23352: 23350: 23346: 23340: 23337: 23333: 23330: 23328: 23325: 23323: 23320: 23318: 23315: 23314: 23313: 23310: 23308: 23305: 23303: 23300: 23298: 23295: 23293: 23290: 23288: 23285: 23283: 23280: 23278: 23275: 23273: 23270: 23268: 23265: 23263: 23260: 23258: 23255: 23253: 23250: 23248: 23245: 23243: 23240: 23238: 23235: 23233: 23230: 23228: 23225: 23223: 23220: 23218: 23215: 23213: 23210: 23208: 23205: 23203: 23200: 23198: 23195: 23193: 23190: 23188: 23185: 23183: 23180: 23178: 23175: 23173: 23170: 23168: 23165: 23163: 23160: 23158: 23155: 23153: 23150: 23148: 23145: 23143: 23140: 23138: 23135: 23133: 23130: 23128: 23125: 23123: 23120: 23118: 23115: 23114: 23112: 23108: 23102: 23099: 23097: 23094: 23092: 23089: 23087: 23084: 23082: 23079: 23077: 23074: 23072: 23069: 23067: 23064: 23062: 23059: 23057: 23054: 23052: 23049: 23047: 23044: 23042: 23039: 23037: 23034: 23032: 23029: 23027: 23024: 23022: 23019: 23017: 23014: 23012: 23009: 23007: 23004: 23002: 22999: 22997: 22994: 22992: 22989: 22987: 22984: 22982: 22979: 22977: 22974: 22972: 22969: 22967: 22964: 22962: 22959: 22957: 22954: 22953: 22951: 22947: 22940: 22931: 22926: 22924: 22919: 22917: 22912: 22911: 22908: 22896: 22893: 22891: 22888: 22887: 22885: 22881: 22874: 22873: 22869: 22868: 22866: 22862: 22856: 22853: 22851: 22848: 22846: 22843: 22841: 22838: 22836: 22833: 22832: 22830: 22826: 22814: 22811: 22809: 22806: 22804: 22801: 22799: 22796: 22794: 22791: 22790: 22788: 22784: 22781: 22779: 22776: 22774: 22771: 22769: 22766: 22764: 22761: 22759: 22756: 22755: 22753: 22752: 22750: 22746: 22740: 22737: 22733: 22730: 22728: 22725: 22723: 22720: 22719: 22717: 22715: 22712: 22711: 22709: 22705: 22699: 22696: 22694: 22691: 22689: 22686: 22685: 22683: 22679: 22673: 22670: 22668: 22665: 22663: 22660: 22658: 22655: 22653: 22650: 22648: 22645: 22643: 22640: 22638: 22637:New Hampshire 22635: 22633: 22632:Massachusetts 22630: 22628: 22625: 22623: 22620: 22618: 22615: 22613: 22610: 22609: 22607: 22603: 22600: 22598: 22594: 22590: 22585: 22581: 22577: 22569: 22564: 22562: 22557: 22555: 22550: 22549: 22546: 22526: 22523: 22521: 22518: 22514: 22511: 22509: 22506: 22504: 22501: 22499: 22496: 22494: 22491: 22489: 22486: 22484: 22481: 22479: 22476: 22474: 22471: 22469: 22466: 22464: 22461: 22459: 22456: 22454: 22451: 22449: 22448:Patriots' Day 22446: 22444: 22441: 22439: 22436: 22434: 22431: 22429: 22426: 22425: 22424: 22423:Commemoration 22421: 22419: 22416: 22414: 22411: 22409: 22406: 22404: 22401: 22399: 22396: 22394: 22391: 22389: 22386: 22384: 22381: 22379: 22376: 22375: 22373: 22369: 22363: 22362:Yankee Doodle 22360: 22358: 22355: 22353: 22350: 22348: 22345: 22344: 22342: 22338: 22332: 22331: 22326: 22324: 22321: 22320: 22318: 22314: 22310: 22303: 22302: 22299: 22295: 22285: 22282: 22280: 22277: 22275: 22272: 22270: 22267: 22265: 22264: 22260: 22258: 22255: 22253: 22250: 22248: 22245: 22243: 22240: 22238: 22235: 22234: 22231: 22224: 22220: 22202: 22199: 22197: 22194: 22192: 22191:de Rochambeau 22189: 22187: 22184: 22182: 22179: 22177: 22174: 22172: 22169: 22167: 22164: 22162: 22159: 22158: 22156: 22152: 22149: 22145: 22135: 22132: 22130: 22127: 22125: 22122: 22120: 22117: 22115: 22112: 22110: 22107: 22105: 22102: 22100: 22097: 22095: 22092: 22090: 22087: 22085: 22082: 22080: 22077: 22075: 22072: 22070: 22067: 22065: 22062: 22060: 22057: 22055: 22052: 22050: 22047: 22046: 22044: 22040: 22034: 22031: 22029: 22026: 22024: 22021: 22019: 22016: 22014: 22011: 22009: 22006: 22004: 22001: 21999: 21996: 21994: 21991: 21989: 21986: 21984: 21981: 21979: 21976: 21974: 21971: 21969: 21966: 21964: 21961: 21959: 21956: 21954: 21951: 21949: 21946: 21944: 21941: 21939: 21936: 21934: 21931: 21929: 21926: 21924: 21921: 21919: 21916: 21914: 21911: 21909: 21906: 21904: 21901: 21899: 21896: 21894: 21891: 21890: 21888: 21884: 21881: 21877: 21867: 21864: 21862: 21859: 21857: 21854: 21852: 21849: 21847: 21844: 21842: 21839: 21837: 21834: 21832: 21829: 21828: 21826: 21822: 21816: 21813: 21811: 21808: 21806: 21803: 21801: 21798: 21796: 21793: 21791: 21788: 21786: 21783: 21781: 21778: 21776: 21773: 21771: 21768: 21766: 21763: 21761: 21758: 21756: 21753: 21751: 21748: 21747: 21745: 21741: 21738: 21734: 21730: 21723: 21719: 21701: 21698: 21696: 21693: 21691: 21688: 21686: 21683: 21682: 21680: 21676: 21670: 21667: 21665: 21662: 21660: 21657: 21655: 21652: 21650: 21647: 21645: 21642: 21640: 21637: 21635: 21634:New Hampshire 21632: 21630: 21629:Massachusetts 21627: 21625: 21622: 21620: 21617: 21615: 21612: 21610: 21607: 21606: 21604: 21602: 21598: 21595: 21584: 21578: 21575: 21573: 21570: 21568: 21565: 21564: 21562: 21558: 21552: 21549: 21547: 21544: 21542: 21539: 21537: 21534: 21532: 21529: 21527: 21524: 21522: 21519: 21517: 21514: 21512: 21509: 21507: 21504: 21502: 21499: 21497: 21494: 21493: 21491: 21487: 21481: 21478: 21476: 21473: 21471: 21468: 21466: 21463: 21461: 21458: 21456: 21453: 21451: 21448: 21446: 21443: 21441: 21438: 21436: 21433: 21431: 21428: 21426: 21423: 21421: 21418: 21416: 21413: 21411: 21408: 21406: 21403: 21401: 21398: 21396: 21393: 21391: 21388: 21386: 21383: 21381: 21378: 21376: 21373: 21371: 21368: 21366: 21363: 21361: 21358: 21356: 21353: 21351: 21348: 21346: 21343: 21341: 21338: 21336: 21333: 21331: 21328: 21326: 21323: 21321: 21318: 21316: 21313: 21311: 21308: 21306: 21303: 21301: 21298: 21297: 21295: 21293: 21288: 21282: 21281:Naval battles 21279: 21277: 21274: 21272: 21269: 21267: 21264: 21262: 21259: 21257: 21254: 21252: 21249: 21247: 21244: 21242: 21239: 21237: 21234: 21232: 21229: 21227: 21224: 21223: 21221: 21216:Campaigns and 21213: 21203: 21200: 21198: 21195: 21191: 21188: 21186: 21183: 21181: 21178: 21177: 21176: 21173: 21172: 21170: 21166: 21160: 21157: 21155: 21152: 21150: 21147: 21145: 21142: 21141: 21139: 21137: 21133: 21127: 21124: 21122: 21119: 21117: 21114: 21112: 21109: 21108: 21106: 21104: 21100: 21096: 21093: 21089: 21085: 21078: 21075: 21072: 21069: 21066: 21063: 21062: 21059: 21055: 21041: 21038: 21036: 21033: 21031: 21028: 21026: 21023: 21021: 21020:Gaspee affair 21018: 21016: 21013: 21011: 21008: 21006: 21003: 21001: 20998: 20997: 20995: 20991: 20985: 20982: 20980: 20976: 20973: 20971: 20968: 20966: 20963: 20961: 20958: 20956: 20953: 20951: 20948: 20946: 20943: 20941: 20938: 20936: 20933: 20931: 20928: 20926: 20923: 20921: 20918: 20916: 20913: 20911: 20908: 20906: 20903: 20901: 20898: 20896: 20895: 20891: 20889: 20886: 20884: 20881: 20879: 20876: 20874: 20871: 20869: 20866: 20864: 20861: 20859: 20856: 20854: 20851: 20849: 20846: 20844: 20841: 20840: 20838: 20834: 20828: 20825: 20823: 20820: 20818: 20815: 20813: 20810: 20808: 20805: 20803: 20800: 20798: 20795: 20793: 20790: 20788: 20785: 20782: 20779: 20777: 20774: 20772: 20769: 20767: 20764: 20762: 20759: 20757: 20754: 20752: 20749: 20747: 20744: 20743: 20741: 20733: 20727: 20724: 20722: 20719: 20717: 20714: 20712: 20709: 20707: 20704: 20702: 20699: 20697: 20694: 20692: 20689: 20687: 20684: 20682: 20679: 20677: 20676:Bute ministry 20674: 20672: 20669: 20668: 20666: 20662: 20656: 20653: 20651: 20648: 20645: 20641: 20638: 20634: 20631: 20627: 20625: 20624:Spirit of '76 20622: 20620: 20619: 20615: 20613: 20610: 20608: 20605: 20603: 20600: 20598: 20597:Republicanism 20595: 20593: 20590: 20588: 20585: 20583: 20580: 20578: 20575: 20574: 20572: 20568: 20564: 20560: 20554: 20550: 20546: 20539: 20534: 20532: 20527: 20525: 20520: 20519: 20516: 20510: 20506: 20502: 20499: 20496: 20495: 20491: 20487: 20472: 20427: 20424: 20422: 20418: 20415: 20413: 20410: 20409: 20400: 20399: 20394: 20390: 20386: 20385: 20384: 20382: 20378: 20374: 20370: 20356: 20352: 20349: 20345: 20342: 20340: 20334: 20330: 20325: 20321: 20315: 20311: 20310: 20305: 20301: 20298: 20294: 20290: 20286: 20282: 20278: 20274: 20269: 20264: 20260: 20256: 20255: 20250: 20246: 20243: 20239: 20235: 20231: 20227: 20223: 20219: 20214: 20209: 20205: 20201: 20200: 20195: 20191: 20187: 20181: 20177: 20176: 20170: 20158: 20153: 20150: 20147: 20143: 20139: 20133: 20129: 20128: 20122: 20118: 20117: 20112: 20108: 20096: 20091: 20087: 20081: 20077: 20076: 20070: 20067: 20063: 20060: 20056: 20052: 20048: 20042: 20038: 20037: 20031: 20027: 20021: 20017: 20016: 20010: 20006: 20005: 19999: 19995: 19989: 19985: 19981: 19976: 19972: 19966: 19962: 19961: 19955: 19952: 19948: 19947: 19941: 19929: 19925: 19920: 19916: 19912: 19908: 19907: 19901: 19897: 19891: 19887: 19886: 19880: 19876: 19875: 19870: 19869:Ramsay, David 19866: 19862: 19861: 19855: 19851: 19847: 19843: 19842: 19836: 19825: 19820: 19817: 19813: 19812: 19806: 19804: 19800: 19796: 19792: 19789: 19777: 19772: 19768: 19762: 19758: 19757: 19751: 19747: 19741: 19737: 19736: 19730: 19726: 19720: 19716: 19715: 19709: 19705: 19701: 19697: 19693: 19689: 19685: 19684: 19679: 19674: 19662: 19658: 19653: 19650: 19646: 19642: 19641: 19635: 19624: 19620: 19615: 19611: 19605: 19601: 19597: 19596: 19590: 19586: 19580: 19576: 19575: 19569: 19566: 19562: 19556: 19552: 19547: 19544: 19540: 19536: 19532: 19528: 19522: 19518: 19517: 19511: 19507: 19501: 19497: 19496: 19490: 19486: 19480: 19476: 19475: 19469: 19465: 19461: 19457: 19453: 19449: 19445: 19440: 19436: 19432: 19428: 19424: 19420: 19416: 19411: 19407: 19403: 19399: 19395: 19390: 19386: 19382: 19378: 19377: 19371: 19367: 19361: 19357: 19352: 19348: 19344: 19340: 19336: 19332: 19328: 19324: 19320: 19315: 19311: 19305: 19301: 19300: 19294: 19290: 19284: 19280: 19275: 19271: 19265: 19261: 19256: 19252: 19246: 19242: 19241: 19235: 19231: 19225: 19221: 19220: 19214: 19210: 19209: 19203: 19200: 19197:to enter the 19196: 19192: 19191: 19186: 19182: 19178: 19175: 19171: 19165: 19161: 19156: 19152: 19146: 19142: 19141: 19136: 19132: 19128: 19127: 19121: 19117: 19111: 19107: 19106: 19100: 19096: 19092: 19088: 19084: 19079: 19076: 19072: 19071: 19065: 19062: 19058: 19057: 19051: 19048: 19044: 19040: 19036: 19034: 19030: 19026: 19022: 19019: 19015: 19014: 19008: 19004: 18998: 18994: 18993: 18987: 18983: 18977: 18973: 18968: 18965: 18961: 18957: 18951: 18947: 18942: 18938: 18932: 18928: 18927: 18921: 18917: 18913: 18909: 18905: 18901: 18896: 18892: 18891: 18886: 18882: 18879: 18875: 18874: 18868: 18865: 18861: 18859: 18855: 18851: 18847: 18840: 18837:(1854–1878). 18836: 18832: 18830: 18826: 18822: 18821: 18819: 18815: 18811: 18796: 18791: 18787: 18783: 18778: 18766: 18761: 18749: 18744: 18732: 18727: 18724: 18717:September 16, 18713: 18709: 18704: 18692: 18687: 18675: 18669: 18657: 18653: 18649: 18644: 18633: 18629: 18624: 18623: 18619: 18618: 18610: 18603: 18598: 18597: 18592: 18586: 18582: 18581: 18575: 18571: 18565: 18561: 18560: 18554: 18550: 18544: 18540: 18539: 18534: 18530: 18527: 18521: 18515: 18511: 18510: 18504: 18500: 18496: 18492: 18486: 18482: 18481: 18475: 18471: 18465: 18461: 18456: 18452: 18447: 18443: 18437: 18433: 18432: 18426: 18422: 18416: 18412: 18407: 18395: 18391: 18385: 18381: 18380: 18374: 18371: 18367: 18366: 18360: 18356: 18350: 18346: 18345: 18339: 18336: 18332: 18326: 18322: 18321: 18315: 18312: 18308: 18307: 18301: 18297: 18285: 18278: 18266: 18265: 18259: 18255: 18249: 18245: 18244: 18239: 18235: 18231: 18225: 18221: 18220: 18214: 18213: 18208: 18204: 18200: 18196: 18192: 18188: 18183: 18182: 18177: 18173: 18168: 18163: 18160: 18156: 18152: 18148: 18143: 18140: 18136: 18131: 18130: 18125: 18119: 18115: 18114: 18108: 18104: 18103: 18097: 18094: 18090: 18089: 18084: 18080: 18073:September 29, 18069: 18064: 18052: 18047: 18043: 18037: 18033: 18032: 18026: 18022: 18016: 18012: 18011: 18006: 18002: 17998: 17992: 17988: 17987: 17981: 17977: 17976: 17970: 17966: 17960: 17955: 17954: 17947: 17943: 17937: 17933: 17932: 17926: 17922: 17916: 17912: 17911: 17905: 17901: 17895: 17891: 17890: 17884: 17880: 17879: 17873: 17869: 17868: 17862: 17858: 17854: 17850: 17844: 17839: 17838: 17831: 17827: 17826: 17820: 17816: 17815: 17809: 17805: 17804: 17798: 17794: 17788: 17784: 17783: 17777: 17773: 17767: 17763: 17762: 17756: 17752: 17746: 17742: 17741: 17735: 17731: 17725: 17721: 17717: 17712: 17711: 17705: 17701: 17697: 17691: 17687: 17686: 17680: 17676: 17670: 17666: 17661: 17657: 17656: 17650: 17638: 17633: 17629: 17623: 17619: 17618: 17612: 17608: 17604: 17600: 17596: 17592: 17588: 17584: 17580: 17575: 17571: 17567: 17563: 17559: 17555: 17551: 17546: 17542: 17536: 17532: 17531: 17525: 17521: 17517: 17513: 17512: 17506: 17502: 17496: 17492: 17491: 17485: 17484: 17479: 17475: 17471: 17465: 17461: 17460: 17454: 17450: 17444: 17440: 17439: 17433: 17429: 17423: 17419: 17418: 17412: 17408: 17402: 17398: 17397: 17391: 17379: 17375: 17371: 17366: 17362: 17358: 17354: 17350: 17346: 17342: 17337: 17333: 17332: 17326: 17319:September 23, 17314: 17310: 17305: 17301: 17300: 17294: 17290: 17284: 17280: 17279: 17273: 17269: 17263: 17255: 17254: 17248: 17244: 17238: 17234: 17233: 17227: 17223: 17219: 17214: 17210: 17204: 17201:. Routledge. 17200: 17199: 17193: 17189: 17183: 17178: 17177: 17170: 17166: 17160: 17156: 17155: 17149: 17145: 17139: 17135: 17134: 17128: 17116: 17112: 17108: 17104: 17099: 17095: 17089: 17085: 17084: 17078: 17077: 17072: 17068: 17064: 17060: 17056: 17052: 17047: 17040: 17036: 17032: 17025: 17020: 17016: 17010: 17006: 17005: 16999: 16995: 16989: 16985: 16984: 16978: 16974: 16968: 16964: 16963: 16957: 16950: 16943: 16942: 16936: 16933: 16929: 16928: 16922: 16918: 16912: 16908: 16907: 16901: 16898: 16894: 16893: 16887: 16883: 16877: 16873: 16872: 16866: 16862: 16856: 16852: 16851: 16845: 16841: 16835: 16831: 16830: 16824: 16820: 16814: 16810: 16809: 16803: 16799: 16795: 16791: 16787: 16783: 16779: 16775: 16771: 16766: 16762: 16756: 16752: 16751: 16745: 16741: 16737: 16733: 16729: 16725: 16721: 16716: 16705: 16699: 16695: 16694: 16688: 16687: 16682: 16676: 16672: 16667: 16663: 16657: 16653: 16652: 16646: 16642: 16636: 16632: 16627: 16624: 16620: 16614: 16610: 16609: 16603: 16599: 16593: 16589: 16588: 16582: 16581: 16576: 16575: 16569: 16565: 16559: 16555: 16554: 16548: 16545: 16541: 16535: 16531: 16530: 16524: 16520: 16514: 16510: 16509: 16503: 16499: 16493: 16489: 16488: 16482: 16478: 16472: 16468: 16467: 16461: 16458: 16454: 16448: 16444: 16443: 16437: 16433: 16432: 16426: 16422: 16418: 16413: 16409: 16403: 16399: 16398: 16392: 16388: 16387: 16378: 16374: 16370: 16366: 16362: 16358: 16354: 16350: 16345: 16341: 16335: 16331: 16330: 16325: 16321: 16317: 16311: 16307: 16306: 16300: 16296: 16295: 16289: 16285: 16279: 16275: 16274: 16269: 16265: 16261: 16260: 16254: 16250: 16244: 16240: 16239: 16233: 16229: 16225: 16221: 16217: 16212: 16208: 16202: 16198: 16197: 16192: 16188: 16184: 16178: 16174: 16173: 16167: 16163: 16159: 16155: 16154: 16148: 16144: 16143: 16138: 16134: 16129: 16123: 16119: 16118: 16112: 16111: 16106: 16100: 16096: 16095: 16089: 16085: 16084: 16078: 16073: 16069: 16063: 16059: 16058: 16052: 16048: 16042: 16038: 16037: 16032: 16028: 16024: 16018: 16014: 16013: 16007: 16003: 16002: 15996: 15992: 15991: 15985: 15981: 15975: 15971: 15966: 15962: 15956: 15952: 15951: 15945: 15941: 15935: 15931: 15930: 15924: 15920: 15916: 15912: 15911: 15905: 15901: 15897: 15893: 15888: 15887: 15882: 15876: 15872: 15871: 15865: 15861: 15855: 15851: 15850: 15844: 15839: 15833: 15829: 15828: 15822: 15818: 15812: 15808: 15807: 15801: 15797: 15791: 15787: 15786: 15780: 15776: 15770: 15767:. Macmillan. 15766: 15765: 15759: 15755: 15749: 15745: 15744: 15739: 15735: 15731: 15725: 15721: 15720: 15714: 15710: 15704: 15700: 15699: 15693: 15689: 15688: 15682: 15676: 15672: 15666: 15662: 15661: 15655: 15651: 15647: 15643: 15639: 15635: 15631: 15626: 15622: 15616: 15612: 15611: 15605: 15604: 15599: 15593: 15589: 15588: 15582: 15578: 15577: 15571: 15567: 15561: 15557: 15556: 15551: 15547: 15543: 15537: 15533: 15532: 15526: 15522: 15516: 15512: 15511: 15505: 15501: 15495: 15491: 15490: 15484: 15483: 15479: 15475: 15471: 15466: 15462: 15456: 15452: 15451: 15445: 15444: 15439: 15435: 15431: 15427: 15422: 15417: 15413: 15409: 15405: 15400: 15396: 15390: 15386: 15381: 15370: 15366: 15361: 15357: 15351: 15347: 15346: 15340: 15336: 15330: 15326: 15325: 15319: 15315: 15309: 15305: 15304: 15298: 15294: 15288: 15284: 15283: 15277: 15273: 15267: 15263: 15262: 15257: 15253: 15249: 15243: 15239: 15238: 15232: 15228: 15222: 15218: 15217: 15211: 15208: 15204: 15198: 15194: 15193: 15187: 15183: 15182: 15176: 15172: 15166: 15162: 15161: 15155: 15151: 15145: 15141: 15140: 15134: 15130: 15126: 15121: 15120: 15107: 15106: 15100: 15096: 15090: 15086: 15085: 15079: 15076: 15072: 15066: 15062: 15061: 15055: 15051: 15050: 15044: 15040: 15034: 15030: 15029: 15023: 15019: 15013: 15009: 15008: 15002: 14987: 14983: 14976: 14971: 14967: 14961: 14957: 14952: 14948: 14942: 14938: 14937: 14931: 14925: 14921: 14915: 14911: 14910: 14904: 14900: 14894: 14890: 14889: 14883: 14882: 14877: 14876: 14870: 14866: 14865: 14859: 14856: 14852: 14846: 14842: 14841: 14835: 14831: 14830: 14824: 14820: 14814: 14810: 14805: 14801: 14795: 14791: 14786: 14782: 14781: 14775: 14771: 14770: 14767: 14763: 14759: 14755: 14749: 14745: 14744: 14738: 14734: 14728: 14724: 14723: 14718: 14714: 14710: 14704: 14700: 14699: 14693: 14689: 14688: 14682: 14678: 14672: 14668: 14667: 14661: 14657: 14651: 14647: 14646: 14640: 14636: 14630: 14626: 14625: 14619: 14615: 14609: 14605: 14604: 14598: 14594: 14593: 14588: 14584: 14583: 14578: 14572: 14568: 14563: 14559: 14558: 14552: 14546: 14542: 14536: 14532: 14531: 14525: 14521: 14515: 14511: 14510: 14505: 14501: 14497: 14491: 14487: 14486: 14480: 14476: 14475: 14469: 14465: 14461: 14457: 14453: 14452: 14446: 14445: 14432: 14427: 14423: 14422: 14416: 14412: 14406: 14402: 14401: 14395: 14391: 14387: 14383: 14377: 14373: 14372: 14366: 14362: 14356: 14353:. Routledge. 14352: 14351: 14345: 14342: 14338: 14337: 14331: 14327: 14326: 14320: 14317: 14306: 14302: 14297: 14285: 14280: 14276: 14270: 14266: 14265: 14259: 14255: 14249: 14245: 14244: 14238: 14235: 14231: 14227: 14223: 14217: 14213: 14212: 14206: 14202: 14201: 14195: 14191: 14187: 14183: 14177: 14173: 14172: 14166: 14162: 14156: 14152: 14151: 14145: 14144: 14139: 14138: 14132: 14128: 14122: 14118: 14117: 14111: 14108: 14104: 14103: 14097: 14093: 14087: 14083: 14082: 14076: 14072: 14066: 14062: 14061: 14055: 14051: 14045: 14041: 14040: 14034: 14030: 14029: 14023: 14019: 14013: 14010:. Routledge. 14009: 14008: 14002: 13998: 13992: 13988: 13987: 13981: 13977: 13971: 13967: 13966: 13960: 13956: 13950: 13947:. UNM Press. 13946: 13945: 13939: 13927: 13922: 13918: 13914: 13910: 13905: 13901: 13895: 13891: 13887: 13886: 13880: 13876: 13870: 13866: 13865: 13859: 13856: 13849:September 21, 13845: 13841: 13836: 13832: 13826: 13822: 13821: 13815: 13811: 13805: 13801: 13800: 13794: 13790: 13784: 13780: 13779: 13773: 13769: 13763: 13759: 13758: 13752: 13749: 13745: 13739: 13735: 13734: 13728: 13716: 13712: 13711: 13705: 13704: 13700: 13696: 13695: 13689: 13685: 13679: 13675: 13674: 13668: 13656: 13652: 13648: 13645:(Fall 2008). 13644: 13640: 13636: 13635: 13629: 13625: 13624: 13618: 13614: 13608: 13604: 13603: 13597: 13593: 13592: 13586: 13582: 13577: 13573: 13569: 13565: 13559: 13555: 13550: 13546: 13540: 13536: 13535: 13529: 13525: 13519: 13515: 13514: 13508: 13504: 13498: 13494: 13493: 13487: 13483: 13477: 13473: 13469: 13464: 13460: 13459: 13453: 13449: 13443: 13439: 13438: 13432: 13420: 13416: 13412: 13408: 13403: 13399: 13393: 13389: 13388: 13382: 13378: 13372: 13368: 13367: 13361: 13357: 13356: 13350: 13343: 13342: 13336: 13332: 13326: 13322: 13321: 13315: 13311: 13310: 13304: 13293: 13289: 13285: 13281: 13276: 13272: 13268: 13264: 13260: 13255: 13251: 13245: 13241: 13240: 13234: 13230: 13226: 13222: 13218: 13214: 13210: 13206: 13202: 13197: 13193: 13187: 13183: 13182: 13176: 13172: 13166: 13162: 13161: 13155: 13154: 13149: 13143: 13139: 13138: 13132: 13128: 13122: 13118: 13117: 13111: 13107: 13101: 13097: 13096: 13090: 13086: 13080: 13076: 13075: 13069: 13065: 13061: 13057: 13053: 13049: 13045: 13040: 13036: 13030: 13026: 13025: 13019: 13015: 13009: 13005: 13004: 12998: 12994: 12988: 12984: 12983: 12977: 12973: 12967: 12963: 12958: 12954: 12948: 12944: 12943: 12937: 12933: 12932: 12926: 12922: 12921: 12915: 12904: 12900: 12895: 12894: 12891: 12876: 12872: 12866: 12862: 12861: 12853: 12846: 12842: 12837: 12830: 12824: 12816: 12810: 12806: 12805: 12797: 12789: 12785: 12781: 12777: 12773: 12769: 12762: 12755: 12749: 12741: 12737: 12733: 12729: 12722: 12715: 12709: 12701: 12697: 12693: 12689: 12685: 12681: 12677: 12673: 12666: 12659: 12653: 12647: 12643: 12637: 12630: 12625: 12618: 12613: 12606: 12601: 12594: 12589: 12583: , p. 97 12582: 12577: 12570: 12565: 12558: 12553: 12546: 12542: 12538: 12532: 12525: 12520: 12513: 12508: 12501: 12500:NIH GARD 2016 12496: 12489: 12484: 12478:, pp. 203–205 12477: 12472: 12465: 12460: 12453: 12448: 12446: 12438: 12433: 12431: 12423: 12422:Chambers 1999 12418: 12411: 12410:Burrows 2008b 12406: 12399: 12394: 12387: 12382: 12376: , p. 46 12375: 12370: 12368: 12361: , p. 45 12360: 12355: 12346: 12344: 12336: 12331: 12325: , p. 41 12324: 12319: 12317: 12309: 12304: 12297: 12292: 12286:, pp. 557–558 12285: 12280: 12273: 12268: 12261: 12260:Ketchum 2014b 12256: 12249: 12244: 12237: 12232: 12225: 12220: 12213: 12208: 12201: 12200:Cogliano 2003 12196: 12194: 12187:, pp. 531–532 12186: 12181: 12175:, pp. 117–118 12174: 12169: 12162: 12157: 12150: 12145: 12138: 12133: 12127:, pp. 300–313 12126: 12125:Rappleye 2010 12121: 12114: 12109: 12102: 12097: 12090: 12085: 12078: 12077:Whiteley 1996 12073: 12066: 12061: 12054: 12049: 12043:, pp. 354–355 12042: 12037: 12030: 12025: 12023: 12015: 12014:Reid, D. 2017 12010: 12004:, pp. 200–203 12003: 11998: 11992:, pp. 123–126 11991: 11986: 11979: 11978:Ward, H. 1999 11974: 11967: 11962: 11955: 11950: 11943: 11938: 11931: 11926: 11919: 11914: 11907: 11902: 11895: 11890: 11888: 11880: 11875: 11869:, pp. 167–168 11868: 11863: 11856: 11851: 11836: 11832: 11825: 11810: 11809: 11804: 11797: 11789: 11785: 11781: 11777: 11772: 11767: 11763: 11759: 11758: 11753: 11746: 11731: 11730: 11725: 11718: 11716: 11709:, pp. 188–222 11708: 11703: 11697: 11692: 11690: 11682: 11677: 11670: 11669:Dunkerly 2014 11665: 11658: 11653: 11646: 11645:Chernow, 2010 11641: 11634: 11629: 11623:, pp. 548–550 11622: 11617: 11610: 11605: 11603: 11595: 11594:Buchanan 1997 11590: 11583: 11578: 11571: 11566: 11560: , p. 14 11559: 11554: 11547: 11542: 11536: , p. 12 11535: 11530: 11523: 11518: 11511: 11506: 11499: 11494: 11487: 11482: 11475: 11470: 11463: 11458: 11451: 11446: 11440:, pp. 136–143 11439: 11434: 11428:, pp. 143–144 11427: 11422: 11415: 11410: 11404:, pp. 208–209 11403: 11398: 11396: 11389:, pp. 118–119 11388: 11383: 11376: 11371: 11365:, pp. 111–112 11364: 11359: 11352: 11347: 11340: 11335: 11328: 11323: 11316: 11311: 11305:, pp. 208–210 11304: 11303:Ketchum 2014b 11299: 11292: 11287: 11280: 11275: 11268: 11263: 11257:, pp. 160–161 11256: 11251: 11249: 11241: 11236: 11234: 11226: 11221: 11214: 11209: 11203:, pp. 410–412 11202: 11197: 11190: 11189:Ketchum 2014a 11185: 11178: 11173: 11166: 11161: 11154: 11149: 11142: 11137: 11130: 11125: 11118: 11113: 11106: 11101: 11095:, pp. 562–577 11094: 11089: 11082: 11077: 11070: 11065: 11059:, pp. 148–149 11058: 11053: 11046: 11041: 11034: 11029: 11022: 11017: 11010: 11005: 10998: 10993: 10987:, pp. 405–448 10986: 10981: 10974: 10969: 10962: 10957: 10950: 10945: 10938: 10933: 10924: 10922: 10914: 10909: 10902: 10897: 10890: 10885: 10878: 10873: 10866: 10861: 10854: 10849: 10842: 10837: 10830: 10825: 10818: 10813: 10806: 10805:Chernow, 2010 10801: 10792: 10786:, pp. 294–295 10785: 10780: 10773: 10768: 10762: , p. 13 10761: 10756: 10749: 10744: 10737: 10736:Rose, A. 2014 10732: 10725: 10720: 10714:, pp. 365–371 10713: 10708: 10702:, pp. iv, 459 10701: 10696: 10694: 10686: 10681: 10674: 10669: 10667: 10660:, pp. 286–287 10659: 10654: 10652: 10650: 10648: 10641: , p. 59 10640: 10635: 10633: 10631: 10623: 10618: 10616: 10609:, pp. 572–573 10608: 10603: 10596: 10591: 10584: 10579: 10577: 10569: 10564: 10558: 10553: 10546: 10541: 10534: 10529: 10522: 10517: 10511:, pp. 378–379 10510: 10505: 10503: 10501: 10499: 10497: 10490:, pp. 370–372 10489: 10484: 10478:, pp. 534–535 10477: 10472: 10465: 10460: 10453: 10448: 10441: 10436: 10429: 10424: 10417: 10416:Ketchum 2014b 10412: 10405: 10400: 10394:, pp. 293–295 10393: 10388: 10381: 10380:Grainger 2005 10376: 10370:, pp. 526–529 10369: 10364: 10357: 10356:Ketchum 2014b 10352: 10345: 10344:Ketchum 2014b 10340: 10333: 10328: 10326: 10324: 10316: 10311: 10304: 10299: 10292: 10287: 10280: 10279:Hogeland 2017 10275: 10268: 10263: 10256: 10251: 10244: 10239: 10232: 10227: 10220: 10215: 10208: 10203: 10196: 10195:Harrison 2001 10191: 10184: 10179: 10172: 10167: 10160: 10155: 10148: 10143: 10136: 10131: 10125:, pp. 255–277 10124: 10123:Reynolds 2012 10119: 10113:, pp. 234–237 10112: 10107: 10100: 10099:Buchanan 1997 10095: 10093: 10085: 10084:Peterson 1975 10080: 10074:, pp. 238–242 10073: 10068: 10061: 10060:Buchanan 1997 10056: 10050:, pp. 459–461 10049: 10048:Ferling, 2007 10044: 10037: 10036:Buchanan 1997 10032: 10025: 10020: 10013: 10008: 10002:, pp. 101–102 10001: 9996: 9990:, pp. 127–128 9989: 9984: 9977: 9972: 9965: 9960: 9953: 9948: 9946: 9938: 9933: 9926: 9921: 9914: 9909: 9903:, pp. 376–377 9902: 9897: 9891:, pp. 340–342 9890: 9885: 9878: 9873: 9866: 9861: 9855:, pp. 363–380 9854: 9853:Chandler 2017 9849: 9842: 9837: 9822: 9818: 9812: 9797: 9793: 9786: 9779: 9774: 9767: 9762: 9755: 9750: 9743: 9738: 9732: 9727: 9720: 9715: 9708: 9703: 9696: 9691: 9682: 9675: 9670: 9668: 9660: 9655: 9649:, pp. 264–272 9648: 9643: 9636: 9631: 9624: 9619: 9612: 9607: 9600: 9595: 9588: 9587:Grainger 2005 9583: 9581: 9574:, pp. 572–573 9573: 9568: 9561: 9556: 9550:, pp. 234–235 9549: 9548:Axelrod, 2009 9544: 9537: 9532: 9525: 9524:Chernow, 2010 9520: 9513: 9508: 9501: 9496: 9490:, pp. 145–146 9489: 9484: 9465: 9461: 9454: 9447: 9440: 9439:Stockley 2001 9435: 9428: 9423: 9417: 9416:Chambers 2004 9412: 9406: 9405:Chambers 1999 9401: 9399: 9397: 9390:, pp. 117–119 9389: 9384: 9377: 9372: 9365: 9360: 9353: 9348: 9341: 9340:Lockhart 2008 9336: 9330:, pp. 327–328 9329: 9324: 9317: 9312: 9305: 9300: 9293: 9288: 9281: 9276: 9269: 9264: 9258:, pp. 148–155 9257: 9256:Daughan, 2011 9252: 9245: 9240: 9234:, pp. 361–362 9233: 9232:Ward, C. 1952 9228: 9221: 9216: 9210:, pp. 317–319 9209: 9204: 9198:, pp. 421–424 9197: 9192: 9186:, pp. 238–239 9185: 9184:Ferling, 2007 9180: 9174:, pp. 368–369 9173: 9168: 9162:, pp. 337–339 9161: 9156: 9149: 9144: 9137: 9132: 9126:, pp. 244–249 9125: 9120: 9113: 9108: 9101: 9096: 9094: 9086: 9081: 9074: 9069: 9062: 9057: 9051:, pp. 345–358 9050: 9045: 9038: 9033: 9026: 9021: 9014: 9009: 9002: 8997: 8990: 8985: 8978: 8973: 8966: 8961: 8954: 8949: 8942: 8941:Fischer, 2006 8937: 8930: 8929:Stryker, 1898 8925: 8919:, pp. 259–263 8918: 8917:Schecter 2003 8913: 8906: 8901: 8894: 8889: 8882: 8877: 8870: 8865: 8859:, pp. 138–142 8858: 8853: 8847:, pp. 266–267 8846: 8845:Schecter 2003 8841: 8834: 8829: 8823:, pp. 61, 131 8822: 8817: 8810: 8805: 8799:, pp. 109–125 8798: 8793: 8786: 8781: 8775:, pp. 102–111 8774: 8769: 8763:, pp. 102–107 8762: 8757: 8751:, pp. 165–166 8750: 8745: 8739:, pp. 184–186 8738: 8733: 8726: 8721: 8715:, pp. 89, 381 8714: 8709: 8703: 8698: 8691: 8686: 8684: 8682: 8674: 8669: 8662: 8657: 8650: 8649:Johnston 1897 8645: 8638: 8633: 8626: 8621: 8615:, pp. 120–125 8614: 8609: 8603:, pp. 114–118 8602: 8597: 8590: 8585: 8578: 8573: 8566: 8561: 8554: 8549: 8542: 8537: 8530: 8525: 8516: 8509: 8504: 8497: 8492: 8486:, pp. 264–265 8485: 8480: 8473: 8468: 8461: 8456: 8450:, pp. 127–128 8449: 8444: 8438:, pp. 141–246 8437: 8432: 8425: 8420: 8414:, pp. 504–505 8413: 8408: 8401: 8396: 8389: 8384: 8378:, pp. 188–190 8377: 8372: 8365: 8360: 8354:, pp. 100–101 8353: 8348: 8341: 8336: 8329: 8328:Chernow, 2010 8324: 8318:, pp. 141–142 8317: 8312: 8305: 8304:Chernow, 2010 8300: 8293: 8288: 8281: 8280:Ketchum 2014a 8276: 8269: 8264: 8262: 8254: 8253:Ketchum 2014a 8249: 8242: 8241:Ketchum 2014a 8237: 8230: 8225: 8216: 8209: 8208:Ferling, 2007 8204: 8188: 8182: 8175: 8170: 8164: , p. 43 8163: 8158: 8151: 8146: 8139: 8134: 8127: 8122: 8120: 8118: 8110: 8105: 8103: 8101: 8093: 8088: 8081: 8076: 8070:, pp. 160–161 8069: 8064: 8057: 8052: 8045: 8040: 8034:, pp. 119–122 8033: 8028: 8021: 8016: 8010:, pp. 410–412 8009: 8004: 7997: 7992: 7986:, pp. 132–144 7985: 7980: 7973: 7968: 7962:, pp. 123–124 7961: 7956: 7949: 7944: 7937: 7936:Ketchum 2014a 7932: 7925: 7920: 7913: 7908: 7906: 7898: 7893: 7886: 7881: 7874: 7869: 7862: 7857: 7850: 7845: 7843: 7835: 7830: 7823: 7818: 7812:, pp. 543–544 7811: 7806: 7799: 7798:Ammerman 1974 7794: 7788:, pp. 155–156 7787: 7782: 7767: 7763: 7757: 7750: 7745: 7738: 7733: 7726: 7721: 7714: 7709: 7703:, pp. 183–184 7702: 7697: 7682: 7678: 7674: 7670: 7666: 7662: 7661: 7656: 7649: 7642: 7641:Calloway 2007 7637: 7635: 7633: 7625: 7620: 7613: 7608: 7606: 7598: 7597:Calloway 2007 7593: 7586: 7581: 7574: 7568: 7562: 7558: 7557:Burrows 2008b 7553: 7546: 7541: 7539: 7537: 7535: 7527: 7522: 7515: 7510: 7504:, pp. 75, 135 7503: 7498: 7491: 7490:Rignault 2004 7486: 7480:, pp. 133–134 7479: 7474: 7472: 7470: 7463: 7458: 7451: 7450:Burrows 2008a 7446: 7439: 7434: 7432: 7424: 7419: 7412: 7407: 7405: 7397: 7392: 7390: 7383: 7382:Winfield 2007 7378: 7376: 7368: 7363: 7356: 7351: 7345: 7340: 7334: 7329: 7322: 7317: 7311: 7310: 7303: 7297: 7292: 7286: 7281: 7279: 7277: 7270: 7269: 7262: 7256: 7251: 7245:, pp. 315–316 7244: 7239: 7233: 7228: 7221: 7216: 7214: 7206: 7201: 7199: 7192:, pp. 195–196 7191: 7186: 7184: 7176: 7171: 7169: 7167: 7165: 7163: 7156:, pp. 615–618 7155: 7150: 7142: 7136: 7129: 7124: 7117: 7112: 7110: 7094: 7090: 7086: 7080: 7073: 7068: 7061: 7056: 7049: 7044: 7042: 7033: 7029: 7022: 7016: 7011: 7005: 7000: 6994: 6989: 6985: 6981: 6978: 6977: 6965: 6961: 6957: 6953: 6949: 6945: 6941: 6937: 6933: 6929: 6925: 6919: 6912: 6906: 6899: 6893: 6884: 6877: 6871: 6861: 6854: 6847: 6840: 6836: 6832: 6828: 6824: 6818: 6809: 6798: 6788: 6778: 6771: 6767: 6763: 6759: 6755: 6754:Whaleboat War 6749: 6740: 6733: 6729: 6726:, appointing 6725: 6721: 6715: 6708: 6704: 6697: 6687: 6680: 6679:Little Turtle 6675: 6669: 6662: 6661:Licking River 6658: 6654: 6650: 6643: 6633: 6626: 6622: 6616: 6607: 6600: 6599:New York City 6596: 6592: 6586: 6577: 6567: 6557: 6547: 6540: 6536: 6532: 6526: 6517: 6508: 6501: 6497: 6493: 6489: 6483: 6476: 6472: 6468: 6464: 6460: 6456: 6450: 6443: 6439: 6435: 6431: 6427: 6421: 6412: 6403: 6394: 6385: 6375: 6366: 6356: 6349: 6343: 6336: 6333:(16,000) and 6332: 6326: 6317: 6310: 6306: 6302: 6298: 6294: 6290: 6286: 6281: 6274: 6270: 6266: 6262: 6258: 6254: 6248: 6241: 6235: 6231: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6206: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6144: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6122: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6090: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6073: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6029:Black Patriot 6027: 6026: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5994: 5986: 5983: 5980: 5977: 5976: 5965: 5961: 5957: 5953: 5946: 5941: 5937: 5934:at prayer at 5933: 5927: 5922: 5918: 5914: 5907: 5902: 5898: 5891: 5886: 5883: 5882: 5881: 5879: 5875: 5871: 5857: 5854: 5850: 5847: 5843: 5842: 5841: 5838: 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5179: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5161: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5132: 5128: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5107: 5097: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5068: 5066: 5062: 5058: 5054: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5033: 5023: 5021: 5016: 5012: 5007: 5005: 5000: 4994: 4990: 4988: 4984: 4978: 4971: 4967: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4949: 4943: 4928: 4925: 4920: 4916: 4913: 4908: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4892: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4853: 4846:German troops 4843: 4841: 4836: 4832: 4828: 4826: 4820: 4817: 4808: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4788: 4778: 4775: 4771: 4765: 4763: 4757: 4752: 4742: 4740: 4735: 4733: 4728: 4726: 4719: 4715: 4709: 4699: 4695: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4679: 4673: 4672: 4665: 4663: 4659: 4654: 4646: 4642: 4641: 4635: 4630: 4624: 4623:Whaleboat War 4620: 4614: 4610: 4600: 4598: 4592: 4590: 4589:Henry Laurens 4585: 4581: 4577: 4572: 4569: 4563: 4560: 4554: 4552: 4548: 4542: 4540: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4510: 4504: 4494: 4492: 4488: 4483: 4480: 4475: 4465: 4463: 4457: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4443: 4439: 4434: 4431: 4426: 4416: 4407: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4391: 4389: 4388:Congressional 4383: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4367:Thomas Graves 4363: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4339: 4337: 4333: 4328: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4306: 4302: 4297: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4262: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4239: 4236: 4231: 4228: 4227:Little Turtle 4224: 4223:Miami natives 4220: 4216: 4211: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4178:, and on the 4177: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4148: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4120: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4093: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4075: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4060: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4017: 4007: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3980: 3978: 3974: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3956:Daniel Morgan 3952: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3912: 3910: 3906: 3900: 3898: 3894: 3888: 3886: 3882: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3856: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3816: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3789: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3776:commander of 3775: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3758: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3743: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3724: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3709:William Tryon 3706: 3702: 3697: 3695: 3691: 3690:Chestnut Neck 3687: 3683: 3682:John Sullivan 3679: 3674: 3671: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3649: 3645: 3635: 3631: 3628: 3623: 3619: 3617: 3613: 3608: 3604: 3603:Scots Brigade 3599: 3597: 3591: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3547: 3543: 3541: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3519: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3503: 3499: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3482: 3477: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3429: 3426: 3425:Prussian Army 3422: 3418: 3413: 3411: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3377: 3375: 3374:attacked them 3372:. Washington 3371: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3354: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3335: 3333: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3315: 3314:Horatio Gates 3311: 3306: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3287: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3238: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3223: 3221: 3217: 3211: 3209: 3205: 3200: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3120: 3117: 3112: 3110: 3106: 3100: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3089:Henry Clinton 3085: 3080: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3057: 3055: 3051: 3050:freight boats 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3030: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3004: 2999: 2996: 2992: 2991:Staten Island 2988: 2984: 2976: 2972: 2969:, to isolate 2968: 2964: 2961:, connecting 2960: 2955: 2950: 2946: 2940: 2930: 2928: 2924: 2923: 2917: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2891: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2872:Snow Campaign 2869: 2865: 2860: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2831: 2826: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2803: 2801: 2797: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2775:Jonathan Eddy 2772: 2768: 2764: 2763:Charlottetown 2760: 2756: 2751: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2734:arrived with 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2716: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2701:John Burgoyne 2698: 2693: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2622: 2615: 2611: 2606: 2601: 2597: 2587: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2538: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2506: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2491: 2490:New York City 2487: 2482: 2480: 2476: 2470: 2468: 2464: 2463:Market Street 2460: 2456: 2455:Roger Sherman 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2427: 2422: 2416: 2406: 2404: 2400: 2394: 2392: 2388: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2351:Roger Sherman 2348: 2344: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2320: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2301: 2298: 2294: 2289: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2258: 2252: 2248: 2238: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2223:Boston Harbor 2220: 2217:disguised as 2216: 2212: 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1177: 1173: 1171: 1161: 1159: 1149: 1147: 1137: 1135: 1125: 1123: 1122:John Burgoyne 1113: 1111: 1110:Henry Clinton 1101: 1099: 1089: 1087: 1077: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1064: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1034: 1017: 1016: 1014: 1009: 1008: 1004: 1002: 992: 990: 980: 978: 961: 959: 949: 946: 941: 931: 929: 928:John Sullivan 919: 917: 907: 905: 895: 893: 892:Horatio Gates 883: 881: 871: 870: 864: 847: 845: 828: 826: 825: 820: 803: 802: 800: 799: 794: 785: 782: 780: 779:Susquehannock 777: 775: 772: 770: 767: 765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 736: 733: 723: 711: 709: 708:Anhalt-Zerbst 701: 699: 691: 689: 685: 681: 679: 675: 671: 669: 665: 661: 659: 655: 651: 650: 647: 642: 635: 627: 626: 623: 620: 615: 612: 610: 607: 605: 602: 600: 597: 595: 592: 590: 587: 585: 582: 580: 577: 575: 572: 570: 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 556: 553: 542: 538: 534: 530: 529: 527: 526: 522: 521: 516: 513: 511: 508: 506: 503: 501: 498: 496: 493: 492: 491: 489: 488:Great Britain 476: 470: 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11375:Fetter 1980 11315:Cashin 2005 11201:Miller 1959 11081:Curtis 1926 11057:Curtis 1926 11023:, pp. 21–22 10961:Morgan 2012 10901:Thomas 2017 10865:Miller 1997 10712:Lengel 2005 10685:Miller 1997 10624:, pp. 36–39 10466:, pp. 36–37 10442:, pp. 29–43 10428:Lengel 2005 10392:Taylor 2016 10382:, pp. 43–44 10291:Skaggs 1977 10281:, pp. 88–89 10255:Nelson 1999 10207:Chávez 2002 10197:, pp. 58–60 10183:Nester 2004 10159:Chavez 2002 10072:Golway 2005 10024:Rankin 2011 10014:, pp. 88–92 9988:Borick 2003 9966:, pp. 22–23 9952:Wilson 2005 9939:, pp. 46–50 9925:Wilson 2005 9915:, pp. 16–19 9901:Palmer 2010 9889:Palmer 2010 9841:Tolson 2008 9796:History Net 9754:Nelson 1999 9742:Hazard 1829 9709:, pp. 77–78 9659:Syrett 1998 9635:Syrett 1998 9613:, pp. 18–19 9611:Syrett 1998 9599:Syrett 1998 9473:December 7, 9462:. sar.org. 9441:, pp. 11–14 9352:Risch, 1981 9244:Taaffe 2003 9114:, pp. 85–86 9087:, pp. 81–82 9075:, pp. 79–80 9013:Lengel 2005 8967:, pp. 72–74 8835:, pp. 22–23 8833:Tucker 2002 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19850:B002HMBV52 19782:October 1, 19628:August 24, 19543:0873385462 19190:The Nation 19115:0822952017 19047:0340625201 18936:0275987078 18680:October 2, 18524:(See also: 18400:August 24, 18271:August 24, 18057:October 2, 17899:0160723620 17729:1591147905 17674:9992016531 17643:October 3, 17520:B000ZLZW9I 15374:August 23, 15271:0930350448 14965:0805070664 14840:Washington 14799:0813536022 14495:0898752698 14437:August 23, 14310:October 6, 13721:January 7, 13653:. 58 (5). 13397:1400041635 13376:0920474799 12629:Wood, 2017 12617:Wood, 2017 12605:Wood, 1992 12545:0700602844 12502:, "Scurvy" 12476:Inman 1903 12464:Burke 1785 12452:White 2010 12386:Ellis 2004 12173:Black 2011 11867:Nash, 2005 11681:Howat 2017 11570:Black 2001 11558:Black 2001 11546:Black 2001 11534:Black 2001 11522:Lecky 1892 11474:Mauch 2003 11129:Clode 1869 11105:Ellis 2013 10997:Davis 1975 10843:, pp. 3–4" 10760:Duffy 2005 10724:Ellis 2004 10639:Black 2001 10607:Scott 1988 10521:Fiske 1902 10452:Black 1992 10231:Deane 2018 10026: , p. 9647:Scott 1990 9572:Scott 1988 9560:Edler 2001 9536:Horn, 1989 9512:Weeks 2013 9427:Eclov 2013 9376:Jones 2002 9316:Fiske 1891 9220:Adams 1911 9061:Lecky 1891 8977:Mauch 2003 8905:Adams 1963 8725:Adams 1963 8692:, Chap. 12 8690:Baker 2014 8675:, Chap. 11 8673:Baker 2014 8661:Burke 1975 8613:Field 1898 8601:Field 1898 8589:Field 1898 8496:Selby 2007 8376:Alden 1969 8068:Maier 1998 8020:Maier 1998 7972:Lecky 1892 7948:Maier 1998 7924:Brown 1941 7810:Olsen 1992 7154:Simms 2009 6944:Royal Navy 6928:Royal Navy 6823:Jay Treaty 6758:New Jersey 6657:Ohio River 6625:East River 6434:Cornwallis 6426:Rochambeau 6267:formed by 6263:; and the 6255:formed by 5960:Washington 5956:Rochambeau 5932:Washington 5803:John Locke 5691:inoculated 5630:Jay Treaty 5622:Fort Miami 5434:John Adams 5365:, who was 5355:Lord North 5344:See also: 5321:Ohio River 5275:, and the 5209:in the war 5041:Nancy Hart 4946:See also: 4865:Washington 4791:See also: 4683:John Barry 4617:See also: 4545:Knox; and 4523:Washington 4507:See also: 4375:York River 4332:Rochambeau 4317:Charleston 4301:Cornwallis 4160:Gulf Coast 4145:Pittsburgh 4057:Pittsburgh 3992:Fort Motte 3895:failed to 3853:Royal Navy 3822:routs the 3782:John André 3778:West Point 3370:Germantown 3180:alongside 3038:East River 2759:Saint John 2732:Henry Knox 2562:Charleston 2544:conquered 2475:George III 2447:John Adams 2347:John Adams 2127:Royal Navy 2112:Parliament 2017:New France 1951:to Spain. 1900:Cornwallis 1740:, and the 1645:Gulf Coast 1442:East Coast 1045:Lord North 1033:George III 989:Rochambeau 916:Henry Knox 622:Combatants 525:Combatants 393:New Jersey 141:, and the 121:after the 29623:Terrorism 29400:Rationing 29297:Affluence 29244:Sexuality 29212:Uncle Sam 29118:Languages 29047:Education 28990:affluence 28950:Americana 28877:Transport 28775:Insurance 28765:Companies 28745:By sector 28637:Elections 28278:Treasurer 28236:Executive 28175:Air Force 28147:Uniformed 27970:President 27787:Executive 27558:Mountains 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Paris. 17039:Archived 16949:Archived 16790:23546502 16270:(2005). 16228:41157873 16193:(1998). 16162:46778589 16139:(1890). 16033:(2005). 15900:70781264 15650:40105317 15438:57569643 14986:Archived 14764:(1891). 14719:(2004). 14589:(1909). 14506:(2004). 14464:72081186 13655:Archived 13271:23517100 13221:24474906 12631:, p. 416 12619:, p. 348 12526:, p. 191 12514:, p. 160 12490:, p. 269 12310:, p. 350 12298:, p. 553 12274:, p. 562 12262:, p. 287 12151:, p. 458 12139:, p. 246 12103:, p. 333 12091:, p. 325 12079:, p. 175 12067:, p. 160 11980:, p. 198 11944:, p. 356 11857:, p. 251 11788:57569643 11647:, p. 215 11635:, p. 101 11596:, p. 327 11488:, p. 194 11476:, p. 415 11464:, p. 142 11377:, p. 508 11341:, p. 117 11329:, p. 115 11242:, p. 216 11191:, p. 208 11083:, p. 148 10975:, p. 447 10951:, p. 249 10939:, p. 237 10855:, p. 360 10819:, p. 220 10807:, p. 344 10750:, p. 264 10597:, p. 168 10547:, p. 312 10535:, p. 194 10523:, p. 516 10454:, p. 110 10430:, p. 337 10418:, p. 205 10358:, p. 139 10334:, p. 444 10317:, p. 124 10305:, p. 135 10293:, p. 132 10257:, p. 118 10245:, p. 159 10221:, speech 10209:, p. 170 10185:, p. 194 10161:, p. 108 10137:, p. 221 10101:, p. 241 10062:, p. 275 10038:, p. 202 9954:, p. 112 9826:April 8, 9768:, p. 149 9756:, p. 170 9697:, p. 343 9625:, p. 294 9526:, p. 298 9502:, p. 146 9464:Archived 9366:, p. 117 9318:, p. 332 9150:, p. 332 9015:, p. 208 9003:, p. 290 8991:, p. 307 8979:, p. 416 8931:, p. 122 8883:, p. 195 8871:, p. 139 8811:, p. 122 8663:, p. 134 8591:, p. 104 8567:, p. 106 8474:, p. 203 8366:, p. 183 8330:, p. 187 8306:, p. 186 8138:CIA 2007 8128:, p. 235 7938:, p. 211 7851:, p. 199 7836:, p. 102 7824:, p. 112 7547:, p. 134 7440:, p. 393 7413:, p. xli 7323:, p. 110 7207:, p. 328 7177:, p. 371 6960:deserted 6762:Brooklyn 6593:. Young 6591:Brooklyn 6551:battles. 6535:frigates 6459:Savannah 6438:Yorktown 6291:under a 5972:See also 5917:Burgoyne 5574:departed 5565:Broadway 5467:John Jay 5430:John Jay 5361:and the 5288:Onondaga 5249:Seminole 5245:Muscogee 5223:Cherokee 5216:Iroquois 5204:Iroquois 5198:Colonel 5131:planters 5045:Loyalist 5015:dragoons 4962:Patriots 4901:Ottomans 4687:Alliance 4678:Alliance 4576:Yorktown 4568:Yorktown 4479:Atlantic 4359:Savannah 4343:Yorktown 4336:Virginia 4305:Yorktown 4255:Kentucky 4245:and the 4176:de Leyba 4162:. Their 4092:Canadien 3917:grandees 3555:Sullivan 3332:Saratoga 3291:Montreal 3231:smallpox 3176:and the 2987:New York 2830:Governor 2791:Iroquois 2767:Yarmouth 2744:March 17 2690:besieged 2566:Yorktown 2531:Saratoga 2297:Loyalist 2064:Virginia 1904:Yorktown 1864:Saratoga 1818:After a 1726:Loyalist 1716:and the 1688:American 1650:Yorktown 1640:Southern 1618:Saratoga 1608:Northern 1489:Germans: 1296:: 12,000 1270:: 10,800 1226:frigates 1186:Strength 774:Muscogee 764:Cherokee 739:Onondaga 413:Virginia 408:Maryland 403:Delaware 388:New York 299:Patriots 201:in 1776. 169:Location 29697:Portals 29663:Outline 29611:illegal 29596:Smoking 29459:Obesity 29342:Poverty 29264:Theater 29254:Society 29108:Housing 29069:Fashion 29025:poverty 28970:Cuisine 28942:Culture 28929:Society 28890:Driving 28817:Exports 28795:Tourism 28755:Banking 28733:Economy 28693:Parties 28537:Charter 28501:Sheriff 27948:Speaker 27816:Cabinet 27779:Federal 27687:Western 27652:Eastern 27647:Central 27642:Pacific 27602:Regions 27553:Islands 27036:History 26809:Wyoming 26784:Vermont 26689:Montana 26629:Indiana 26609:Georgia 26604:Florida 26574:Arizona 26564:Alabama 26531:Regions 26453:Gay men 26225:Railway 26185:Slavery 25981:Banking 25975:Economy 25817:El Paso 25802:Orlando 25536:Détente 24697:Outline 24620:Sarawak 24572:Sarawak 24464:Nigeria 24452:Mohmand 24440:Nigeria 24391:century 24049:Malacca 24043:Jamaica 24001:Algiers 23941:Reunion 23887:Surinam 23862:century 23808:Grenada 23802:Jamaica 23694:Jamaica 23615:century 23555:Jamaica 23483:Ireland 23476:century 23463:English 23348:Related 23110:Foreign 22883:Related 22681:By year 22622:Georgia 22578:of the 22438:theater 22196:Suffren 22186:Luzerne 22104:Laurens 22074:Hancock 22059:Carroll 21978:Lincoln 21958:de Kalb 21948:Hopkins 21846:Germain 21836:Amherst 21775:Clinton 21736:British 21726:Leaders 21619:Georgia 21450:Cowpens 21395:Grenada 21345:Trenton 21292:battles 21271:Western 21126:Marines 21073:Battles 20475: ( 20446:minutes 20285:2123771 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1262:France: 1238:Marines 1205:militia 784:Shawnee 759:Mi'kmaq 722:Hanover 698:Ansbach 678:Waldeck 599:Abenaki 594:Mi'kmaq 589:Mohican 584:Choctaw 569:Catawba 428:Georgia 267:Menorca 256:Senegal 242:to the 226:changes 133:at the 29684:Portal 29591:Hunger 29542:racism 29483:Issues 29357:Health 29259:Sports 29219:People 29064:Family 29035:wealth 28960:Cinema 28785:Mining 28770:Energy 28515:Cities 28483:County 28417:Tribal 27955:Senate 27799:powers 27695:rivers 27568:ranges 27536:states 27460:Postal 26985:Portal 26939:Cities 26922:Cities 26744:Oregon 26699:Nevada 26639:Kansas 26614:Hawaii 26569:Alaska 26557:States 26483:Places 26245:Groups 26215:Lumber 26153:Fourth 26143:Second 25953:Sports 25938:Cinema 25907:Topics 25822:Uvalde 25792:Aurora 25787:Tucson 24711:Events 24640:(1982) 24616:(1962) 24614:Brunei 24604:(1956) 24568:(1945) 24550:(1943) 24532:(1935) 24508:(1925) 24502:(1923) 24490:(1921) 24484:(1920) 24472:(1919) 24466:(1918) 24460:(1917) 24458:Quebec 24448:(1915) 24442:(1915) 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22003:Rodney 21998:Putnam 21983:Mercer 21938:Greene 21908:Arnold 21815:Rodney 21795:Graves 21785:Fraser 21695:Quebec 21440:Camden 21320:Quebec 21305:Boston 21290:Major 21231:Quebec 21226:Boston 21175:France 21076:Events 20993:Events 20802:Quebec 20341:, 1970 20316: 20291: 20283: 20265: 20236: 20228: 20210: 20182: 20163:May 8, 20134: 20082: 20043: 20022: 19990: 19967: 19913: 19892: 19848: 19801: 19763: 19742: 19721: 19702: 19606: 19581: 19557: 19541: 19523: 19502: 19481: 19462: 19433: 19404: 19385:426009 19383: 19362: 19345: 19337: 19306: 19285: 19266: 19247: 19226: 19166: 19147: 19112: 19093: 19045: 19033:online 18999: 18978: 18952: 18933: 18914: 18854:Vol. 9 18850:Vol. 8 18846:Vol. 7 18587: 18566: 18545: 18516: 18497: 18487: 18466: 18438: 18417: 18386: 18351: 18327: 18250: 18226: 18205: 18120: 18038: 18017: 17993: 17961: 17938: 17917: 17896: 17855: 17845: 17789: 17768: 17747: 17726: 17692: 17671: 17624: 17605: 17597: 17568: 17537: 17518: 17497: 17476: 17466: 17445: 17424: 17403: 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1929:Tobago 1921:France 1736:, the 1710:France 1598:Quebec 1593:Boston 1450:Spain: 1388:13,000 1289:Spain: 1230:sloops 942: 821: 754:Seneca 749:Cayuga 744:Mohawk 719: 614:Lumbee 604:Cheraw 574:Lenape 559:Oneida 500:Quebec 485: 466: 444:France 441: 317:(1775) 311: 260:France 252:Tobago 189:Result 180:, the 29670:Index 29495:Crime 29365:Aging 29182:Names 29177:Music 29165:radio 29145:Media 28975:Dance 28965:Crime 28800:Trade 28557:Mayor 28506:Clerk 28474:Local 28216:State 27735:Yukon 27578:Rocky 27563:peaks 26774:Texas 26654:Maine 26619:Idaho 26447:LGBTQ 26440:Women 26210:Labor 26163:Sixth 26158:Fifth 26148:Third 26138:First 25943:Music 25685:NAFTA 24518:Tirah 24428:Tochi 24217:Perak 23983:Nepal 23905:Egypt 23832:Malta 23760:Assam 23603:Ghana 23501:Ormuz 23332:Libya 23322:Syria 22748:Other 22707:Extra 22597:Units 22084:Henry 22033:Wayne 21953:Jones 21933:Gates 21923:Clark 21913:Barry 21903:Allen 21851:North 21755:Brant 20781:Stamp 20766:Sugar 20289:S2CID 20281:JSTOR 20234:S2CID 20226:JSTOR 19799:JSTOR 19700:JSTOR 19460:JSTOR 19431:JSTOR 19402:JSTOR 19343:S2CID 19335:JSTOR 19091:JSTOR 18912:JSTOR 18612:(PDF) 18605:(PDF) 18203:S2CID 17603:S2CID 17595:JSTOR 17566:JSTOR 17357:JSTOR 17067:JSTOR 17042:(PDF) 17037:(2). 17027:(PDF) 16952:(PDF) 16945:(PDF) 16794:S2CID 16786:JSTOR 16736:JSTOR 16369:S2CID 16224:JSTOR 15646:JSTOR 15434:S2CID 14989:(PDF) 14978:(PDF) 14928:2020. 13345:(PDF) 13267:JSTOR 13225:S2CID 13217:JSTOR 13060:JSTOR 12784:JSTOR 12696:JSTOR 11784:S2CID 11584:, p. 9467:(PDF) 9456:(PDF) 9342:, p.? 7677:JSTOR 6952:sugar 6691:2020. 6226:Notes 5851:The " 5557:Pearl 5026:Women 4774:Ellis 4691:Sybil 4671:Drake 4438:Spain 4325:South 4315:. In 3740:maize 3721:Maine 3507:Paris 3470:ports 3460:Dutch 3428:war. 3366:Paoli 2963:Upper 2918:with 2779:Canso 2179:Weare 2143:Whigs 1989:Spain 1937:India 1925:Spain 1777:Stamp 1714:Spain 1657:Naval 769:Odawa 609:Pedee 456:Spain 279:Spain 29234:Race 29079:list 29074:Flag 28613:list 28457:list 28368:list 28308:list 28261:list 28249:list 28225:and 28170:Navy 28160:Army 28030:list 27742:Time 27622:Gulf 26842:Guam 26779:Utah 26734:Ohio 26634:Iowa 26109:Navy 26099:Army 26003:Flag 24632:Aden 24608:Oman 24590:Oman 24389:20th 23965:Java 23860:19th 23613:18th 23585:Siam 23474:17th 23317:Iraq 22693:1776 22688:1775 22574:The 22428:film 22328:The 22129:Rush 22028:Ward 21963:Knox 21790:Gage 21190:Navy 21185:Army 21121:Navy 21116:Army 20977:and 20751:Iron 20379:and 20353:——. 20314:ISBN 20180:ISBN 20165:2013 20132:ISBN 20103:2020 20080:ISBN 20041:ISBN 20020:ISBN 19988:ISBN 19965:ISBN 19936:2010 19911:OCLC 19890:ISBN 19846:ASIN 19831:2020 19784:2020 19761:ISBN 19740:ISBN 19719:ISBN 19669:2017 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