866:, Freer retained the Trade and Industry portfolio in opposition. From 1977 to 1978 he was additionally Shadow Minister of Foreign Affairs and Overseas Trade. Following Labour's 1978 defeat Freer became Shadow Minister of Regional Development and Tourism until December 1979 when, impending retirement, he opted not to stand for re-election to the Shadow Cabinet. Freer was replaced in the safe Mount Albert seat by
762:. Freer cast his own vote in the next ballot for the 66 year old Anderton, thinking that at 36 he had plenty of time to make it in to cabinet. Retrospectively, Freer regretted the decision as Labour spent the following four terms in opposition. During the Nash government he was chairman of the public accounts select committee which considered to matters relating to the finances of the government.
45:
838:
and oil field) which was the largest single infrastructure undertaking in New
Zealand's history. In 1974 he instituted a Maximum Retail Price (MRP) scheme as part of the governments attempts to control price increases. The MRP scheme, which prescribed maximum prices for retail goods, was not
858:
would win the subsequent ballot(s). He lost on the third ballot. Initially he had no intention of standing, and preferred Tizard (who won). In 1975 the government passed the
Commerce Act that consolidated the laws on commercial competition, price controls, monopolies and takeovers.
805:
to Labour's leadership by ensuring he had the numbers to successfully challenge
Nordmeyer in 1965. From then on he became a close confidant of Kirk. As a reward he was promoted to the frontbench as Shadow Minister of Industries and Commerce and Shadow Minister of Customs.
901:
in
Australia. His first wife died in 2003; they had been married for 62 years. His second marriage was to Joyce. Freer died on 29 March 2013 after a long illness. He was survived by his two sons from his first marriage, and by his second wife.
830:. On the first occasion, Kirk congratulated him that there were no industrial disputes and that he had not gone to war against anyone. As Minister of Energy Resources he held negotiations with the private sector over the development of the
826:. He was ranked third in cabinet and served as acting Prime Minister three times, and was "appalled" by the amount of paper Kirk was given to read, with "international secrets" that he could read in that week's
1706:
839:
successful as it was highly bureaucratic and easily evaded by retailers. Despite its lack of success Freer proposed reviving the scheme in 1975 despite the public view that it was ineffective.
1701:
771:
as having stated "See Phil, and Phil will fix it" to Henry Judd, an émigré importer, insinuating Freer was informing Judd that the
Minister of Industries and Commerce
351:
he was embarrassed to be the only one of his class not bare-footed, so used to take off his shoes and socks on the way to school and replace them before getting home.
1433:
1696:
1711:
718:
that his work in Eden was adequate apprenticeship. Freer represented the Mount Albert electorate for 34 years. He chose not to seek re-election at the
1691:
843:
372:, Freer suffered a spinal injury, and he subsequently did not join the war. He initially worked as a shop assistant at Milne and Choice, a large
1686:
1611:
823:
119:
1587:
819:
775:(who was in charge of import controls) could grant him an ease-of-passage remedy for controlled imports. The incident became a libel case (
60:
755:
300:
34:
915:
751:
815:
1681:
1555:
1467:
703:
426:
309:
173:
927:
355:
frequently went to the Freer home for Sunday roasts. On his 13th birthday, Freer received a present from Savage, a copy of
919:
911:
734:
In 1955 he was the first
Western politician to visit the People's Republic of China, against the wishes of Labour leader
1643:
1509:
1486:
1059:
863:
747:
719:
695:
670:
647:
624:
601:
578:
555:
532:
509:
486:
463:
440:
317:
1385:
380:
348:
707:
699:
415:
313:
1236:
871:
676:
653:
630:
607:
584:
561:
538:
515:
492:
469:
446:
421:
898:
887:
739:
777:
714:, and was relatively unknown to Labour executive members, but local supporter Dick Barter convinced
934:
923:
686:
663:
640:
617:
594:
571:
548:
525:
502:
479:
456:
433:
305:
276:
240:
1548:
1147:
875:
711:
369:
337:
196:
1413:
1539:
1390:
1346:
1329:
1290:
1275:
1004:
835:
710:
by-election, which he won. Freer was only 26 when he entered
Parliament following the death of
392:
373:
167:
1597:
1169:
794:
352:
111:
1676:
1671:
8:
1418:
1047:
1524:
1505:
1482:
1463:
1055:
1009:
842:
He stood as a candidate for the deputy leadership of the New
Zealand Labour Party in
782:
767:
870:
who beat six other contenders including electorate chairman Keith Elliot, former MP
1440:
361:
304:(27 December 1920 – 29 March 2013) was a New Zealand politician and member of the
847:
320:. He is internationally known as the first Western politician to ever visit the
1636:
1043:
894:
831:
743:
356:
347:
He attended Royal Oak
Primary School in Auckland. During the early days of the
261:
25:
1665:
1653:
1580:
1528:
1312:
772:
759:
99:
1621:
1501:
715:
158:
146:
87:
1565:
867:
855:
802:
798:
735:
723:
208:
142:
83:
332:
Freer was born in 1920. His parents, Charles and May Freer had lived in
1022:
851:
265:
1167:
Kitchin, Peter (12 June 2003). "Truth left begging in
Holloway case".
1295:
1152:
965:
754:
led by Nash. In the third ballot for the final seat he was tied with
244:
379:
On 9 May 1941, Freer married Sylvia Prudence Squire at the Epsom
341:
1707:
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1946 New Zealand general election
1218:
1216:
44:
1156:. Vol. XCVIII, no. 28948. 16 July 1959. p. 14.
333:
321:
1213:
878:
for the nomination. Freer's preferred successor was Elliot.
1177:
340:
in 1913 and had to leave the town. They married in 1914 in
383:
in Auckland, and the couple went on to have two children.
1148:"Public Accounts Committee - Mr Freer Appointed Chairman"
1054:. Auckland: New Zealand Who's Who Aotearoa. p. 147.
801:, was one of the few senior Labour MPs who helped propel
765:
In March 1959 Freer was quoted in the tabloid newspaper
1523:(4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer.
1366:
985:
1498:
The Mighty Totara: The life and times of Norman Kirk
1460:
Labour : The New Zealand Labour Party 1916–2016
1354:
1254:
1201:
1189:
1104:
1092:
1068:
1702:
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
1479:
A Lifetime in Politics: the memoirs of Warren Freer
1128:
1116:
1080:
973:
926:for public services. In 1990, he was awarded the
785:11,000 in damages and a further NZ£800 in costs.
1663:
1237:"'Prices and inflation - Controlling inflation'"
1042:
850:winning on the first ballot, hoping that either
1291:"Labour reshuffles its Parliamentary spokesmen"
702:electorate. He was then asked to stand for the
1457:
1222:
933:Warren Freer Park, in the Auckland suburb of
186:24 September 1947 – 28 November 1981
1234:
958:
956:
954:
952:
950:
1521:New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984
1434:"Balmoral & Sandringham Heritage Walks"
1422:(4th supplement). 13 June 1987. p. 33.
1386:"Long-serving politician Warren Freer dies"
376:department store, but moved to journalism.
132:8 December 1972 – 12 December 1975
73:8 December 1972 – 12 December 1975
1712:People educated at Auckland Grammar School
43:
1481:. Wellington: Victoria University Press.
1462:. Wellington: Victoria University Press.
947:
1692:New Zealand MPs for Auckland electorates
1412:
1327:"Party Hopefuls Queue for a Safe Seat".
1241:Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
818:of 1972–1975, holding the portfolios of
750:, Freer stood for a cabinet seat in the
1697:Companions of the Queen's Service Order
1166:
916:Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal
881:
386:
1664:
1518:
1195:
1110:
1098:
1074:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
963:"Labour MP's China trip a milestone".
924:Companion of the Queen's Service Order
1687:Members of the Cabinet of New Zealand
1556:Member of Parliament for Mount Albert
1495:
1476:
1372:
1360:
1260:
1235:Stroombergen, Adolf (11 March 2010).
1207:
1183:
1134:
1122:
1086:
991:
979:
905:
409:
406:
365:, which he "devoured and cherished".
1458:Franks, Peter; McAloon, Jim (2016).
928:New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal
1273:"Surprises Among Party Spokesmen".
1052:Honoured by the Queen – New Zealand
1029:
912:Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal
846:after Kirk's death only to prevent
13:
694:Freer stood unsuccessfully in the
14:
1723:
814:He was a cabinet minister in the
781:) in which Holloway was awarded
698:for the "hopeless" (for Labour)
1426:
1406:
1378:
1337:
1320:
1303:
1283:
1266:
1228:
1160:
1140:
910:In 1953, Freer was awarded the
886:In 1982, Freer was appointed a
1588:Minister of Trade and Industry
1519:Wilson, James Oakley (1985) .
1299:. 26 February 1977. p. 1.
1279:. 30 January 1976. p. 10.
997:
914:, and in 1977 he received the
862:After Labour were defeated in
738:but with the encouragement of
61:Minister of Trade and Industry
1:
1451:
1316:. 9 December 1978. p. 3.
1310:"Rowling shuffles his pack".
920:1987 Queen's Birthday Honours
327:
1682:New Zealand Labour Party MPs
1612:Minister of Energy Resources
969:. 6 April 2013. p. C14.
824:Minister of Energy Resources
324:after its creation in 1949.
120:Minister of Energy Resources
7:
1350:. 15 April 1980. p. 1.
1333:. 14 April 1980. p. 2.
10:
1728:
1443:. 15 May 2011. p. 37.
1344:"Labour Choice For Seat".
322:People's Republic of China
1650:
1641:
1633:
1628:
1618:
1609:
1604:
1594:
1585:
1577:
1572:
1562:
1553:
1545:
1538:
1223:Franks & McAloon 2016
778:Truth (NZ) Ltd v Holloway
680:
657:
634:
611:
588:
565:
542:
519:
496:
473:
450:
425:
403:
400:
290:
282:
272:
251:
223:
218:
214:
202:
190:
179:
164:
152:
136:
125:
117:
105:
93:
77:
66:
58:
54:
42:
23:
1173:. Wellington. p. 6.
1013:. 17 May 1941. p. 3
940:
893:In 1996, Freer moved to
809:
788:
752:Second Labour Government
729:
1549:Arthur Shapton Richards
1005:"Wedding: Freer–Squire"
816:Third Labour Government
746:. After Labour won the
722:, and was succeeded by
370:Auckland Grammar School
197:Arthur Shapton Richards
1540:New Zealand Parliament
1477:Freer, Warren (2004).
1391:Television New Zealand
1347:The New Zealand Herald
1330:The New Zealand Herald
1276:The New Zealand Herald
836:natural gas condensate
394:New Zealand Parliament
168:New Zealand Parliament
16:New Zealand politician
1598:Lance Adams-Schneider
1496:Grant, David (2014).
1186:, p. 79-80, 152.
922:, he was appointed a
353:Michael Joseph Savage
308:. He represented the
112:Lance Adams-Schneider
937:, is named for him.
888:justice of the peace
882:Later life and death
387:Member of Parliament
338:Waihi miners' strike
297:Warren Wilfred Freer
228:Warren Wilfred Freer
1644:Father of the House
1048:Coddington, Deborah
397:
368:As a school boy at
1573:Political offices
1419:The London Gazette
906:Honours and awards
820:Trade and Industry
391:
1660:
1659:
1651:Succeeded by
1619:Succeeded by
1595:Succeeded by
1563:Succeeded by
1469:978-1-77656-074-5
1170:The Dominion Post
1010:Northern Advocate
793:Freer, alongside
768:New Zealand Truth
692:
691:
294:
293:
1719:
1634:Preceded by
1629:Honorary titles
1578:Preceded by
1546:Preceded by
1536:
1535:
1532:
1515:
1492:
1473:
1445:
1444:
1441:Auckland Council
1438:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1040:
1027:
1026:
1020:
1018:
1001:
995:
994:, p. 14-15.
989:
983:
977:
971:
970:
960:
756:Auckland Central
706:electorate in a
398:
395:
390:
381:Methodist Church
362:Looking Backward
349:Great Depression
312:electorate from
303:
258:
238:27 December 1920
237:
235:
219:Personal details
205:
193:
184:
170:
155:
139:
130:
108:
96:
80:
71:
47:
37:
21:
20:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1647:
1639:
1624:
1615:
1600:
1591:
1583:
1568:
1559:
1551:
1512:
1489:
1470:
1454:
1449:
1448:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1395:
1394:. 29 March 2013
1384:
1383:
1379:
1375:, p. 254f.
1371:
1367:
1359:
1355:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1259:
1255:
1245:
1243:
1233:
1229:
1221:
1214:
1206:
1202:
1194:
1190:
1182:
1178:
1165:
1161:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1133:
1129:
1121:
1117:
1109:
1105:
1097:
1093:
1085:
1081:
1073:
1069:
1062:
1044:Taylor, Alister
1041:
1030:
1016:
1014:
1003:
1002:
998:
990:
986:
978:
974:
962:
961:
948:
943:
908:
884:
872:Malcolm Douglas
848:Arthur Faulkner
812:
791:
742:Prime Minister
732:
712:Arthur Richards
393:
389:
330:
299:
273:Political party
260:
256:
239:
233:
231:
230:
229:
203:
191:
185:
180:
171:
166:
153:
145:
137:
131:
126:
106:
94:
86:
78:
72:
67:
50:
38:
33:
31:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1725:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1649:
1640:
1637:Keith Holyoake
1635:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1617:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1593:
1584:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1561:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1534:
1533:
1516:
1510:
1493:
1487:
1474:
1468:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1425:
1405:
1377:
1365:
1363:, p. 237.
1353:
1336:
1319:
1302:
1282:
1265:
1263:, p. 198.
1253:
1227:
1225:, p. 185.
1212:
1210:, p. 190.
1200:
1188:
1176:
1159:
1139:
1127:
1115:
1113:, p. 189.
1103:
1101:, p. 198.
1091:
1079:
1077:, p. 230.
1067:
1060:
1028:
996:
984:
972:
945:
944:
942:
939:
907:
904:
899:Sunshine Coast
883:
880:
874:and future MP
832:Maui gas field
811:
808:
790:
787:
744:Sidney Holland
731:
728:
690:
689:
684:
682:
679:
674:
667:
666:
661:
659:
656:
651:
644:
643:
638:
636:
633:
628:
621:
620:
615:
613:
610:
605:
598:
597:
592:
590:
587:
582:
575:
574:
569:
567:
564:
559:
552:
551:
546:
544:
541:
536:
529:
528:
523:
521:
518:
513:
506:
505:
500:
498:
495:
490:
483:
482:
477:
475:
472:
467:
460:
459:
454:
452:
449:
444:
437:
436:
431:
429:
424:
419:
412:
411:
408:
405:
402:
388:
385:
357:Edward Bellamy
329:
326:
292:
291:
288:
287:
284:
280:
279:
274:
270:
269:
259:(aged 92)
253:
249:
248:
227:
225:
221:
220:
216:
215:
212:
211:
206:
200:
199:
194:
188:
187:
177:
176:
165:Member of the
162:
161:
156:
150:
149:
140:
138:Prime Minister
134:
133:
123:
122:
115:
114:
109:
103:
102:
97:
91:
90:
81:
79:Prime Minister
75:
74:
64:
63:
56:
55:
52:
51:
48:
40:
39:
32:
29:
26:The Honourable
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1724:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1655:
1654:Mick Connelly
1646:
1645:
1638:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1614:
1613:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1590:
1589:
1582:
1581:Brian Talboys
1576:
1571:
1567:
1558:
1557:
1550:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1513:
1511:9781775535799
1507:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1490:
1488:0-86473-478-6
1484:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1455:
1442:
1435:
1429:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1409:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1381:
1374:
1369:
1362:
1357:
1349:
1348:
1340:
1332:
1331:
1323:
1315:
1314:
1313:Auckland Star
1306:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1286:
1278:
1277:
1269:
1262:
1257:
1242:
1238:
1231:
1224:
1219:
1217:
1209:
1204:
1198:, p. 92.
1197:
1192:
1185:
1180:
1172:
1171:
1163:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1143:
1137:, p. 98.
1136:
1131:
1125:, p. 71.
1124:
1119:
1112:
1107:
1100:
1095:
1089:, p. 26.
1088:
1083:
1076:
1071:
1063:
1061:0-908578-34-2
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1024:
1012:
1011:
1006:
1000:
993:
988:
982:, p. 14.
981:
976:
968:
967:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
946:
938:
936:
931:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
903:
900:
896:
891:
889:
879:
877:
873:
869:
865:
860:
857:
853:
849:
845:
840:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
807:
804:
800:
796:
786:
784:
780:
779:
774:
773:Phil Holloway
770:
769:
763:
761:
760:Bill Anderton
757:
753:
749:
748:1957 election
745:
741:
737:
727:
725:
721:
720:1981 election
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
696:1946 election
688:
685:
683:
681:Mount Albert
678:
675:
672:
669:
668:
665:
662:
660:
658:Mount Albert
655:
652:
649:
646:
645:
642:
639:
637:
635:Mount Albert
632:
629:
626:
623:
622:
619:
616:
614:
612:Mount Albert
609:
606:
603:
600:
599:
596:
593:
591:
589:Mount Albert
586:
583:
580:
577:
576:
573:
570:
568:
566:Mount Albert
563:
560:
557:
554:
553:
550:
547:
545:
543:Mount Albert
540:
537:
534:
531:
530:
527:
524:
522:
520:Mount Albert
517:
514:
511:
508:
507:
504:
501:
499:
497:Mount Albert
494:
491:
488:
485:
484:
481:
478:
476:
474:Mount Albert
471:
468:
465:
462:
461:
458:
455:
453:
451:Mount Albert
448:
445:
442:
439:
438:
435:
432:
430:
428:
423:
420:
417:
414:
413:
399:
396:
384:
382:
377:
375:
371:
366:
364:
363:
358:
354:
350:
345:
343:
339:
335:
325:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
302:
298:
289:
285:
281:
278:
275:
271:
267:
263:
255:29 March 2013
254:
250:
247:, New Zealand
246:
242:
226:
222:
217:
213:
210:
207:
201:
198:
195:
189:
183:
178:
175:
169:
163:
160:
157:
151:
148:
144:
141:
135:
129:
124:
121:
116:
113:
110:
104:
101:
100:Brian Talboys
98:
92:
89:
85:
82:
76:
70:
65:
62:
57:
53:
49:Freer in 1947
46:
41:
36:
27:
22:
19:
1642:
1622:Eric Holland
1610:
1605:
1586:
1554:
1520:
1502:Random House
1500:. Auckland:
1497:
1478:
1459:
1428:
1417:
1408:
1396:. Retrieved
1389:
1380:
1368:
1356:
1345:
1339:
1328:
1322:
1311:
1305:
1294:
1285:
1274:
1268:
1256:
1244:. Retrieved
1240:
1230:
1203:
1191:
1179:
1168:
1162:
1151:
1142:
1130:
1118:
1106:
1094:
1082:
1070:
1051:
1021:– via
1015:. Retrieved
1008:
999:
987:
975:
964:
932:
909:
892:
885:
861:
841:
827:
813:
792:
776:
766:
764:
733:
716:Peter Fraser
704:Mount Albert
693:
673:–1981
650:–1978
627:–1975
604:–1972
581:–1969
558:–1966
535:–1963
512:–1960
489:–1957
466:–1954
443:–1951
427:Mount Albert
418:–1949
378:
374:Queen Street
367:
360:
346:
331:
310:Mount Albert
306:Labour Party
296:
295:
277:Labour Party
257:(2013-03-29)
204:Succeeded by
181:
174:Mount Albert
159:Eric Holland
154:Succeeded by
147:Bill Rowling
127:
107:Succeeded by
88:Bill Rowling
68:
30:Warren Freer
18:
1677:2013 deaths
1672:1920 births
1566:Helen Clark
1414:"No. 50950"
1196:Wilson 1985
1111:Wilson 1985
1099:Wilson 1985
1075:Wilson 1985
935:Sandringham
868:Helen Clark
856:Colin Moyle
803:Norman Kirk
799:Mick Moohan
736:Walter Nash
724:Helen Clark
407:Electorate
336:during the
268:, Australia
241:Sandringham
209:Helen Clark
192:Preceded by
143:Norman Kirk
95:Preceded by
84:Norman Kirk
1666:Categories
1648:1977–1981
1616:1972–1975
1592:1972–1975
1560:1947–1981
1452:References
1373:Freer 2004
1361:Freer 2004
1261:Freer 2004
1208:Freer 2004
1184:Grant 2014
1135:Freer 2004
1123:Freer 2004
1087:Freer 2004
1023:PapersPast
992:Freer 2004
980:Freer 2004
876:Jack Elder
852:Bob Tizard
328:Early life
266:Queensland
234:1920-12-27
1606:New title
1529:154283103
1296:The Press
1153:The Press
966:The Press
918:. In the
359:'s novel
182:In office
128:In office
69:In office
1398:29 March
1050:(1994).
795:Bill Fox
740:National
283:Children
245:Auckland
1246:28 July
1017:9 March
897:on the
342:Remuera
1527:
1508:
1485:
1466:
1058:
687:Labour
664:Labour
641:Labour
618:Labour
595:Labour
572:Labour
549:Labour
526:Labour
503:Labour
480:Labour
457:Labour
434:Labour
410:Party
401:Years
1437:(PDF)
941:Notes
895:Noosa
810:1970s
789:1960s
730:1950s
404:Term
334:Waihi
262:Noosa
1525:OCLC
1506:ISBN
1483:ISBN
1464:ISBN
1400:2013
1248:2022
1056:ISBN
1019:2024
864:1975
844:1974
828:Time
822:and
797:and
708:1947
700:Eden
677:39th
671:1978
654:38th
648:1975
631:37th
625:1972
608:36th
602:1969
585:35th
579:1966
562:34th
556:1963
539:33rd
533:1960
516:32nd
510:1957
493:31st
487:1954
470:30th
464:1951
447:29th
441:1949
422:28th
416:1947
318:1981
314:1947
252:Died
224:Born
172:for
118:1st
59:2nd
854:or
834:(a
783:NZ£
758:MP
316:to
301:QSO
35:QSO
1668::
1504:.
1439:.
1416:.
1388:.
1293:.
1239:.
1215:^
1150:.
1046:;
1031:^
1007:.
949:^
930:.
890:.
726:.
344:.
264:,
243:,
1531:.
1514:.
1491:.
1472:.
1402:.
1250:.
1064:.
1025:.
286:2
236:)
232:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.