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Kaunitz's most important and influential office was that of State
Chancellor and minister of foreign affairs, which he held from 1753 to 1792 and where he had Empress Maria Theresa's full trust—against the opposition of her husband, Francis Stephen. He had reluctantly accepted his appointment and
911:
generally shared such ideas, his reforms moved too fast and too thoroughly for
Kaunitz. The ongoing disputes between the two men led to several resignation requests by the state chancellor. Kaunitz advocated a reconciliation with the former enemy Prussia; he accompanied Joseph II when he met
757:
of 1756, which involved the dramatic shakeup of traditional military alliances in Europe. Austria went from an ally of
Britain to an ally of France and Russia. Prussia became an ally of Britain, along with Hanover. The result was the basic lineup of forces in the Seven Years' War.
963:
became emperor; the war was ended and
Kaunitz's power collapsed. The renunciation of Kaunitz' balancing policies led to a serious deterioration of Austria's domestic and international affairs. Meanwhile, Prussia established the Protestant
958:
of 1788–1791. The goal was to humiliate
Austria's old enemy, Prussia. However, it misfired: it proved a costly military operation to help Russia, but it did not achieve any anti-Prussian objective. After Joseph II's death,
848:(Prince of the Holy Roman Empire). The lack of a navy during the war had demonstrated Austria's vulnerability at sea, and he was instrumental in the creation of a small Austrian navy to boost the state's presence in the
2047:
817:. While the Austrian allies were not able to reach agreement on joint action, the politico-military situation remained inconclusive. Kaunitz urged for the replacement of the hesitant field marshal Count
223:
2703:
591:. His request to be recalled from his difficult situation was heeded in June 1746. On a journey to Westphalia in September 1746, he laid the foundation stone of the parish church in the village of
642:
at the court of Maria
Theresa. The empress appealed to all her counsellors for advice as to the policy Austria ought to pursue in view of the changed conditions produced by the rise of
3386:
654:, which had existed since 1731, and gave his opinion that Frederick II was now the "most wicked and dangerous enemy of Austria," that it was hopeless to expect the support of
2717:
2315:
541:
877:
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and France. The empress eagerly accepted views which were already her own, and entrusted the adviser with the execution of his own plans. Thus, Kaunitz was made
912:
Frederick II two times in 1769 and 1770. The
Prussian king was annoyed by Kaunitz' arrogance and patronising manners, nevertheless the approach realised in the
650:, were of the opinion that the old alliance with the sea powers, England and Holland, should be maintained. Kaunitz had long been a strong opponent of the
424:(1742–1825). Wenzel Anton's granddaughter Eleonora (daughter of his eldest son, Ernest) married a successor in the office of State Chancellor, Prince
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565:
3381:
663:
592:
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in July 1792. Kaunitz died in 1794 at his city palace in Vienna and was buried in his family vault beneath the Chapel of St. John the
Baptist in
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828:
From about 1760, gradual exhaustion of all forces became obvious, and
Kaunitz reacted by depriving his long-time foe Court Chancellor Count
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72:
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Joseph II's successor, Leopold II, blamed
Kaunitz for the failure and decisively restricted his competences. Kaunitz rejected further
1713:
444:. With the death of his elder brother, however, he decided on a secular career, and studied law and diplomacy at the universities of
17:
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2256:
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2633:
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441:
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3257:
1160:
923:. When the Austrian position became untenable, Kaunitz carried the peace negotiations on his own initiative; by the 1779
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in 1772, backed by both Kaunitz and Joseph II against the concerns of Maria Theresa ("good faith is lost for all time").
372:
955:
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1976:
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775:
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in Europe, which ultimately failed to bring the lost provinces back to Austria. On 29 August 1756, King Frederick's
3351:
2135:
615:
530:
436:
As the second son, it was at first intended that Wenzel Anton should become a clergyman, and at thirteen he held a
2108:
682:. Staying in France until 1752, he co-operated in laying the groundwork for the future Bourbon-Habsburg alliance.
1570:
1186:
991:
271:
3089:
2325:
2200:, etc.), can be used, but are regarded as a dependent part of the surname, and thus come after any given names (
876:
The State Chancellor was a liberal patron of education and art, a notable collector, one of the founders of the
2840:
2234:
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960:
920:
603:
510:
465:
267:
112:
107:
2514:
948:
3284:
2563:
2274:
1244:
908:
818:
647:
297:
263:
199:
102:
2875:
2903:
2182:. Before the August 1919 abolition of nobility as a legal class, titles preceded the full name when given (
1538:
932:
779:
588:
2980:
778:, raise the topic of forming a defensive league. King Louis XV finally accepted, after the Anglo-Prussian
737:
was considered a great feat of diplomacy, and it established Kaunitz as the recognized master of the art.
405:
from 1720. By his marriage with Marie Ernestine in 1699, he inherited the immediate County of Rietberg in
3054:
3005:
2952:
2682:
783:
718:
417:
2206:). Titles and all dependent parts of surnames are ignored in alphabetical sorting. The feminine form is
3356:
3033:
2889:
2812:
2791:
2777:
2756:
2654:
2004:
995:
420:(1663–1745), on 6 May 1736. Four sons were born of the marriage, among them the Austrian general Count
59:
2931:
2770:
2240:
2094:
William J. McGill (1968), 'The roots of policy: Kaunitz in Italy and the Netherlands, 1742–1746', in:
2010:
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2479:
2348:
734:
3173:
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2998:
2798:
2647:
885:
822:
651:
55:
3227:
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2868:
2854:
2805:
2784:
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2409:
2074:
1776:
869:
841:
836:) in 1761, overseeing the reorganization of the Austrian Army. Nevertheless, when the new tsar
425:
402:
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2570:
602:. Two years later, he represented Maria Theresa at the Congress of Aachen at the close of the
3131:
3096:
2507:
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2080:
944:
853:
771:
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726:
305:
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3180:
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2542:
2379:
1512:
987:
901:
802:
667:
545:
457:
445:
293:
167:
690:
359:
Wenzel Anton's grandfather, Dominik Andreas von Kaunitz (1655–1705), served as a Habsburg
8:
3306:
2612:
2598:
2341:
2178:
was a title before 1919, but now is regarded as part of the surname. It is translated as
837:
794:
658:
nations against him, and that the only way of recovering Silesia was by an alliance with
619:
561:
522:
376:
258:
for about four decades and was responsible for the foreign policies during the reigns of
135:
2973:
2556:
840:
left the alliance in 1762, Kaunitz entered into peace negotiations that led to the 1763
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and guaranteed them to the warlike King of Prussia, he reluctantly signed the resulting
497:
Back in Vienna, he was appointed a member of the Imperial Aulic Council in 1735. At the
2882:
2293:
2279:
2272:
McGill, William J. "The roots of policy: Kaunitz in Vienna and Versailles, 1749–1753".
2140:
971:
643:
449:
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333:
309:
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678:
3234:
2924:
2819:
2668:
2431:
2219:
1972:
924:
849:
611:
606:. Extremely displeased with the provisions that deprived Austria of the provinces of
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576:
461:
453:
380:
247:
172:
76:
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to the state, most notably against tax exemption and the traditional institution of
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3047:
2742:
2486:
2417:
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940:
625:
341:
2584:
740:
722:
713:. Thanks in large part to him, Habsburg Austria established itself as a sovereign
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2910:
2735:
2443:
1966:
889:
832:
of his powers. He replaced the office by founding the Austrian Council of State (
580:
514:
397:
325:
227:
34:
387:. Wenzel Anton's father, Count Maximilian Ulrich, was appointed a member of the
3320:
3206:
3166:
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1006:
806:
787:
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235:
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2003:
966:
3335:
2640:
2626:
2521:
2500:
2043:
2038:
1284:
1218:
888:’s first and lifelong patrons. He worked towards the goal of subjecting the
798:
710:
557:
534:
388:
259:
97:
2826:
2073:
1632:
864:
568:, a sister of Maria Theresa, Kaunitz was virtually the head of government.
2704:
Frederick Christian II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
2333:
2288:
Padover, Saul K. "Prince Kaunitz' Résumé of His Eastern Policy, 1763–71".
49:
3220:
2405:
2398:
714:
479:
413:
2144:
672:
2435:
2424:
2386:
2364:
2297:
2283:
928:
810:
655:
502:
470:
406:
1807:
29. Countess Antonia Elisabeth of Manderscheidt-Blankenheim-Gerolstein
329:
2917:
931:
region for Austria. In Imperial matters, he was able to dominate the
897:
638:
618:
on 23 October 1748. Both fearing a nascent Prussia, the Austrian and
583:. He moved with the government of the Austrian Netherlands, first to
361:
564:. Upon the December 1744 death of Charles' consort and co-governor,
336:. First mentioned in the 14th century, they originally lived in the
893:
766:
Once he was State Chancellor, Kaunitz pursued his policies seeking
572:
313:
243:
3315:
2037:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1001:
Kaunitz finally resigned his office upon the accession of Emperor
954:
Kaunitz worked around the objections of Joseph II to initiate the
935:; in 1780 he was also successful in placing the Habsburg Archduke
774:
overseas in 1754, he had the Austrian ambassador in Paris, Prince
276:
2244:. Vol. 14 (9th ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
904:; among his aims was also the better education of the commoners.
814:
607:
584:
491:
437:
337:
2157:
The New Cambridge Modern History vol. 7, The Old Regime: 1713–63
509:) in 1739, he was one of the emperor's commissaries. During the
2155:
D. B. Horn, "The Diplomatic Revolution" in J. O. Lindsay, ed.,
709:
demanded complete freedom to re-organise the foreign office on
475:
321:
289:
163:
2254:
Roider, Karl A. Jr. "Kaunitz, Joseph II and the Turkish War".
2188:). Since 1919, these titles, along with any nobiliary prefix (
2133:
Franz A.J. Szabo, "Prince Kaunitz and the Balance of Power."
744:
New alliances formed as a result of the Diplomatic Revolution
526:
487:
896:
ownership of real estates. Kaunitz followed the thoughts of
242:; 2 February 1711 – 27 June 1794) was an Austrian and Czech
1830:
7. Countess Johanetta Franziska of Manderscheid-Blankenheim
518:
416:(1717–1749), a granddaughter of Imperial Chamber president
367:
353:
2718:
Friedrich Ferdinand Constantin von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach
412:
Wenzel Anton himself married Countess Maria Ernestine von
990:
in view of the weak rule of Frederick's successor, King
844:. Following the end of war, Kaunitz gained the title of
513:, in March 1741, he was sent on a diplomatic mission to
395:) in 1706; he served as Imperial envoy and as governor (
1394:
22. Count Joachim Ulrich Slavata of Chlum and Košumberk
560:, commanding the Austrian army in Bohemia against King
365:
and envoy. Elevated to the hereditary rank of a Count (
3387:
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
1417:
11. Countess Anna Lucia Slavata of Chlum and Košumberk
1021:
Ancestors of Wenzel Anton, Prince of Kaunitz-Rietberg
994:, an assessment that was proved to be correct in the
2316:
Minister Plenipotentiary of the Austrian Netherlands
748:
646:. The great majority of them, including her husband
1752:
28. Count Johann Arnold of Manderscheid-Blankenheim
1597:
Count Ferdinand Maximilian of Ostfriesland-Rietberg
919:In 1777, Joseph's hasty military action led to the
1657:13. Countess Anna Catharina of Salm-Reifferscheidt
468:, and continued his education for some years by a
270:. In 1764, he was elevated to the noble rank of a
782:was signed in 1756. The alliance was expanded in
670:in 1750, where he had extensive contact with the
525:. In August 1742, he was appointed ambassador at
371:) in 1683, his diplomacy contributed to the 1686
3333:
825:, however, a decisive victory was not achieved.
2606:Karl August, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
2002:Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879).
1361:5. Countess Marie Eleonore HolickĂ˝ of Sternberg
907:Although Maria Theresa's son and heir, Emperor
205:Marie Ernestine Francisca von Rietberg (mother)
3270:Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism
300:(1679–1746), and his consort Marie Ernestine,
2349:
622:sides began to make overtures to each other.
232:Wenzel Anton ReichsfĂĽrst von Kaunitz-Rietberg
2213:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2170:
2056:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1968:Kaunitz and Enlightened Absolutism 1753–1780
2363:
2231:
2356:
2342:
2232:Baynes, T. S.; Smith, W. R., eds. (1882).
2218:were those created before the fall of the
2048:Kaunitz-Rietburg, Wenzel Anton, Prince von
2001:
1886:15. Countess Christina Elisabeth of Erbach
48:
2946:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
571:In 1746, however, he was forced to leave
298:Maximilian Ulrich, third Count of Kaunitz
3392:People of the War of the First Coalition
2848:Wenzel Anton, Prince of Kaunitz-Rietberg
2690:Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-LĂĽneburg
2042:
1571:Countess Sabina Catharina of East Frisia
1471:Wenzel Anton, Prince of Kaunitz-Rietberg
1187:Countess Marie Eleonore of Dietrichstein
1100:17. Baroness Ludmila RoupovskĂ˝ of Roupov
977:
863:
852:, laying the foundations for the future
739:
689:
624:
328:, derived its lineage from the medieval
219:Wenzel Anton, Prince of Kaunitz-Rietberg
3382:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Austria
2764:Leopold Friedrich GĂĽnther von Goeckingk
2711:Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg
2676:Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
2309:Count Karl Ferdinand von Königsegg-Erps
1997:
1995:
1539:Count John IV. of Ostfriesland-Rietberg
974:broke out in the Austrian Netherlands.
664:Imperial ambassador at the French court
14:
3334:
1844:
1733:
1729:
1717:
1612:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1474:
1375:
1338:21. Helena Eustachie Křinecký of Ronov
1264:
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1248:
1140:
1039:
1035:
1031:
770:with France. Upon the outbreak of the
2337:
2257:The Slavonic and East European Review
1914:
1904:
1900:
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1885:
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1863:30. Count Georg Albrecht I. of Erbach
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1128:
1122:
1112:
1099:
1089:
1085:
1073:
1070:
1060:
1047:
1043:
868:Prince Kaunitz-Rietberg (part of the
418:Count Gundaker Thomas von Starhemberg
89:13 May 1753 – 19 August 1792
3362:Politicians from the Austrian Empire
3020:Dietrich Heinrich Ludwig von Ompteda
2750:Otto Heinrich von Gemmingen-Hornberg
2634:Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg
2451:Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria
2084:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2067:
2065:
2063:
2025:
2023:
2021:
1992:
1917:Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-SchillingsfĂĽrst
1714:Countess Marie Ernestine of Rietberg
3258:New World Order (conspiracy theory)
3118:Johan Philip Stadion von Warthausen
2071:
1971:(Cambridge University Press, 1994)
1915:31. Countess Elisabeth Dorothea of
1309:10. Count Ulrich Adolf of Sternberg
1161:Maximilian, Prince of Dietrichstein
1071:8. Count Leopold Wilhelm of Kaunitz
761:
685:
240:Václav AntonĂn z Kounic a Rietbergu
24:
2494:August von Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg
2266:
1245:Count Maximilian Ulrich of Kaunitz
753:Kaunitz was the mastermind of the
540:In October 1744, he was appointed
188:Vienna, Austria, Holy Roman Empire
58:, 1762. He wears the chain of the
25:
3403:
2060:
2018:
939:, Joseph's younger brother, as a
749:The Diplomatic Revolution of 1756
422:Franz Wenzel von Kaunitz-Rietberg
3314:
3301:
3300:
2136:The International History Review
2078:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
2030:
1446:23. Countess Franziska of Meggau
1125:Count Dominik Andreas of Kaunitz
529:and reached the support of King
2248:
1048:16. Baron Ulrich IV. of Kaunitz
721:with her old enemy, the French
636:From 1749, Kaunitz served as a
324:nobility and, like the related
312:(1687–1758), an heiress of the
272:Prince of the Holy Roman Empire
3076:Ernst Friedrich von Schlotheim
2225:
2162:
2149:
2127:
2101:
2088:
921:War of the Bavarian Succession
859:
830:Friedrich Wilhelm von Haugwitz
604:War of the Austrian Succession
511:War of the Austrian Succession
27:Austrian statesman (1711–1794)
13:
1:
3285:Illuminati in popular culture
2904:Ludwig I, Grand Duke of Hesse
2564:Johann Joachim Christoph Bode
2290:The Journal of Modern History
2275:The Journal of Modern History
2235:"Kaunitz, Wenzel Anton"
2203:Helmuth James Graf von Moltke
2185:Graf Helmuth James von Moltke
2005:"Kaunitz, Wenzel Anton"
1688:Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg
1686:27. Countess Maria Ursula of
937:Maximilian Francis of Austria
695:
431:
344:, but in 1509, they moved to
316:dynasty. The Kaunitz family (
200:Maximilian Ulrich von Kaunitz
3367:Foreign ministers of Austria
3146:François-Charles de Velbrück
3090:Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring
2075:"Wenzel Anton Kaunitz"
1775:14. Count Salentin Ernst of
933:Perpetual Diet of Regensburg
880:in Brussels, and sponsor of
7:
3055:Christian Gotthilf Salzmann
3006:Christoph Friedrich Nicolai
2953:Daniel Gotthilf Moldenhawer
2683:Johann Georg Heinrich Feder
2515:Aloys Basselet von La Rosée
1965:Source: Franz A. J. Szabo.
1217:19. Princess Anna Marie of
1012:
949:Prince-Bishopric of MĂĽnster
719:Treaty of Versailles (1756)
648:Francis Stephen of Lorraine
10:
3408:
3377:Habsburg Bohemian nobility
3034:Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
2890:Franz Michael Leuchsenring
2876:Christian Gottfried Körner
2813:Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland
2792:August Adolph von Hennings
2778:Karl August von Hardenberg
2757:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
2655:Christian Wilhelm von Dohm
2326:Count Karl Josef Batthyány
2260:(1976) 54#135 pp. 538–556.
2212:. Titles using the prefix
2168:Regarding personal names:
1838:
1731:
1723:
1606:
1490:
1486:
1369:
1262:
1254:
1134:
1037:
1033:
996:War of the First Coalition
731:renversement des alliances
694:Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz,
125:Count Anton Corfiz Ulfeldt
60:Order of the Golden Fleece
42:Prince of Kaunitz-Rietberg
3294:
3214:Rite of Strict Observance
3198:
3111:Anton Matthias Sprickmann
3104:Ludwig Timotheus Spittler
3027:Christian Adolph Overbeck
2990:
2981:Johann Karl August Musäus
2834:Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi
2727:
2536:Johann Joachim Bellermann
2471:
2467:
2460:
2371:
2322:
2313:
2305:
1902:
1894:
1869:
1850:
1846:
1813:
1794:
1786:
1777:Manderscheid-Blanckenheim
1758:
1739:
1735:
1695:
1673:
1665:
1640:
1631:26. Ernst Friedrich of
1618:
1614:
1578:
1556:
1548:
1520:
1498:
1494:
1452:
1433:
1425:
1400:
1381:
1377:
1344:
1325:
1317:
1292:
1270:
1266:
1226:
1204:
1196:
1168:
1146:
1142:
1106:
1087:
1079:
1054:
1041:
914:First Partition of Poland
882:Christoph Willibald Gluck
776:Georg Adam of Starhemberg
616:Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
577:besieged by French forces
283:
212:
192:
178:
150:
145:
141:
129:
119:
93:
82:
71:
67:
47:
32:
3153:Franz Michael Vierthaler
3139:Johann Nepomuk von Triva
3062:Friedrich Schlichtegroll
2960:Maximilian von Montgelas
2862:Johann Friedrich Kleuker
2620:Hieronymus von Colloredo
2529:Rudolph Zacharias Becker
2480:Jacob Friedrich von Abel
2096:Central European History
1986:
1283:20. Baron Jan Rudolf of
735:Franco-Austrian Alliance
542:minister plenipotentiary
296:, one of 19 children of
254:, he held the office of
39:Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz
18:Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz
3352:Politicians from Vienna
3174:Lorenz von Westenrieder
3160:Wilderich of Walderdorf
2999:Christian Gottlob Neefe
2932:August Gottlieb MeiĂźner
2799:Johann Gottfried Herder
2771:Johann Casimir Häffelin
2648:Johann Georg von Dillis
2444:Congress of Wilhelmsbad
2365:Order of the Illuminati
2241:Encyclopædia Britannica
2053:Encyclopædia Britannica
2011:The American Cyclopædia
886:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
823:Ernst Gideon von Laudon
819:Leopold Joseph von Daun
809:; they rolled over the
652:Anglo-Austrian Alliance
562:Frederick II of Prussia
3228:Enlightened absolutism
3069:Johann Georg Schlosser
3041:Karl Leonhard Reinhold
2897:Justus Christian Loder
2855:Martin Gottlieb Klauer
2806:Andreas Joseph Hofmann
2785:Lorenz Leopold Haschka
2662:Karl von Eckartshausen
2592:Joachim Heinrich Campe
2410:Freemasonry in Germany
2292:5.3 (1933): 352–365.
2278:43.2 (1971): 228–244.
2214:
2208:
2202:
2196:
2190:
2184:
2171:
2109:"St. Maria Immaculata"
927:, he won the Bavarian
873:
870:Maria Theresa Monument
842:Treaty of Hubertusburg
786:to include Russia and
745:
705:
633:
566:Archduchess Maria Anna
426:Klemens von Metternich
320:) belonged to the old
252:enlightened absolutism
239:
231:
3132:Gottfried van Swieten
3097:Joseph von Sonnenfels
2841:Karl von Hesse-Kassel
2508:Karl Friedrich Bahrdt
2391:Liberalism in Germany
2139:1#3 (1979): 399–408.
2081:Catholic Encyclopedia
2072:Ott, Michael (1913).
986:with Prussia against
978:Resignation and death
945:Electorate of Cologne
867:
854:Austro-Hungarian Navy
780:Treaty of Westminster
772:French and Indian War
755:Diplomatic Revolution
743:
727:Diplomatic Revolution
693:
676:movement and several
628:
246:and statesman in the
3181:Franz Xaver von Zach
2939:Ludwig August Mellin
2543:Johann Erich Biester
2380:Age of Enlightenment
2180:Prince of the Empire
2159:(1957): pp. 449–464.
1513:John III of Rietberg
992:Frederick William II
988:Revolutionary France
902:Age of Enlightenment
803:Electorate of Saxony
725:, commonly known as
717:, entering into the
546:Austrian Netherlands
531:Charles Emmanuel III
288:Kaunitz was born in
56:Jean-Étienne Liotard
2967:Johannes von MĂĽller
2613:Philipp von Cobenzl
2599:Christian Cannabich
2571:Johann Michael Böck
2098:, 1:2, pp. 131–149.
1633:Salm-Reifferscheidt
838:Peter III of Russia
554:Charles of Lorraine
523:Kingdom of Sardinia
440:at the Westphalian
377:Louis XIV of France
136:Philipp von Cobenzl
35:His Serene Highness
3321:Society portal
2883:Karl Heinrich Lang
972:Brabant Revolution
956:Austro-Turkish War
874:
746:
706:
634:
442:Diocese of MĂĽnster
373:League of Augsburg
334:Kingdom of Bohemia
3357:Czech politicians
3329:
3328:
3235:Weimar Classicism
3194:
3193:
3190:
3189:
2925:Christoph Meiners
2820:Gottlieb Hufeland
2669:Rudolf Eickemeyer
2432:French Revolution
2332:
2331:
2323:Succeeded by
2220:Holy Roman Empire
1983:
1982:
1964:
1963:
925:Treaty of Teschen
850:Mediterranean Sea
807:preemptive strike
629:Prince Kaunitz's
381:Treaty of Ryswick
250:. A proponent of
248:Habsburg monarchy
216:
215:
173:Holy Roman Empire
77:Habsburg monarchy
16:(Redirected from
3399:
3372:Austrian princes
3319:
3318:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3287:
3280:
3273:
3265:Augustin Barruel
3260:
3253:
3251:Anti-Catholicism
3246:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3125:Maximilian Stoll
3120:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3083:Nikolaus Simrock
3078:
3071:
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3057:
3050:
3048:Franz Anton Ries
3043:
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2974:Friedrich MĂĽnter
2969:
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2487:Franz von Albini
2482:
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2439:
2427:
2420:
2418:Anti-clericalism
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2306:Preceded by
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2113:pr-am-oelbach.de
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2016:
2015:
2007:
1999:
1027:
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1018:
1017:
970:league, and the
941:coadjutor bishop
795:Seven Years' War
762:Seven Years' War
704:
700:
697:
686:State Chancellor
601:
556:, fought in the
326:Martinic dynasty
256:State Chancellor
226:
185:
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146:Personal details
132:
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73:State Chancellor
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3243:Sturm und Drang
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2911:Jakob Mauvillon
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2267:Further reading
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2046:, ed. (1911). "
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1989:
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1015:
980:
890:Catholic Church
862:
793:Thus began the
764:
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702:
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688:
679:Encyclopédistes
595:
581:Maurice de Saxe
434:
398:Landeshauptmann
385:Nine Years' War
383:that ended the
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3207:Owl of Minerva
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3167:Adam Weishaupt
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3013:Franz OberthĂĽr
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2044:Chisholm, Hugh
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631:Slavkov Castle
456:. He became a
433:
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352:) Castle near
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186:(aged 83)
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2869:Adolph Knigge
2866:
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2641:Anton Dereser
2638:
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2628:
2627:Ignaz Cornova
2624:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2603:
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2585:Karl Böttiger
2582:
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2523:
2522:August Batsch
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2117:. Retrieved
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801:invaded the
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637:
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579:under Count
570:
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539:
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469:
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396:
393:Reichshofrat
392:
366:
360:
358:
349:
332:clan in the
317:
304:Countess of
301:
287:
275:
218:
217:
184:(1794-06-27)
182:27 June 1794
131:Succeeded by
84:
54:Portrait by
3347:1794 deaths
3342:1711 births
3221:Josephinism
2697:Junius Frey
2406:Freemasonry
2399:Rationalism
2173:ReichsfĂĽrst
2115:(in German)
967:FĂĽrstenbund
884:and one of
860:Josephinism
846:ReichsfĂĽrst
733:). The new
715:great power
699: 1750
596: [
480:Netherlands
458:chamberlain
414:Starhemberg
306:East Frisia
121:Preceded by
110:(1790–1792)
105:(1780–1790)
100:(1753–1780)
3336:Categories
2436:Jacobinism
2425:Secularism
2387:Liberalism
2320:1744–1746
2119:6 December
1009:cemetery.
1003:Francis II
961:Leopold II
929:Innviertel
872:in Vienna)
701: – c.
668:Versailles
656:Protestant
587:, then to
503:Regensburg
471:Grand Tour
466:Charles VI
432:Early life
407:Westphalia
350:Austerlitz
277:ReichfĂĽrst
268:Leopold II
157:1711-02-02
113:Francis II
108:Leopold II
2918:Beda Mayr
1285:Sternberg
909:Joseph II
898:Jansenism
834:Staatsrat
703: 52
639:Geheimrat
552:, Prince
362:Geheimrat
340:duchy of
318:Kounicové
264:Joseph II
224:‹See Tfd›
103:Joseph II
85:In office
3307:Category
3199:See also
2145:40105021
1979:, ch. 1.
1013:Ancestry
947:and the
900:and the
894:mortmain
673:Lumières
573:Brussels
550:governor
515:Florence
507:Ratisbon
464:emperor
462:Habsburg
338:Silesian
314:Cirksena
310:Rietberg
244:diplomat
202:(father)
94:Monarchs
2461:Members
2372:History
2298:1875848
2284:1876544
2215:Reichs-
2041::
1007:Slavkov
943:in the
815:Dresden
644:Prussia
608:Silesia
593:Kaunitz
585:Antwerp
544:in the
492:England
460:of the
450:Leipzig
438:canonry
403:Moravia
346:Slavkov
342:Troppau
330:Vršovci
294:Austria
193:Parents
168:Austria
75:of the
3299:
2296:
2282:
2143:
2035:
1975:
788:Sweden
660:Russia
620:French
589:Aachen
490:, and
478:, the
476:Berlin
454:Leiden
446:Vienna
290:Vienna
284:Family
266:, and
228:German
164:Vienna
115:(1792)
2294:JSTOR
2280:JSTOR
2141:JSTOR
1987:Notes
805:in a
612:Glatz
600:]
527:Turin
488:Paris
484:Italy
401:) of
322:Czech
236:Czech
2121:2023
1973:ISBN
1569:25.
1537:12.
1511:24.
1159:18.
784:1757
610:and
533:for
519:Rome
452:and
368:Graf
354:Brno
308:and
179:Died
151:Born
3267:'s
2991:N—Z
2728:G—M
2472:A—F
2191:von
2050:".
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1595:6.
1469:1.
1243:2.
1185:9.
1123:4.
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302:née
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
