1238:
1204:
448:
1439:). Both these names are derived from the Frisian landscape. In the western and north-western parts of the province, the region where Clay Frisian is spoken, the soil is made up of thick marine clay, hence the name. While in the Clay Frisian-speaking area ditches are used to separate the pastures, in the eastern part of the province, where the soil is sandy, and water sinks away much faster, rows of trees are used to that purpose. The natural landscape in which Wâldfrysk exists mirrors
2771:
2212:
511:
460:
2737:
1059:
32:
2788:
2805:
2754:
2109:
1073:. The resulting inquiry led to the establishment of a committee of inquiry. This committee recommended that the Frisian language should receive legal status as a minority language. Subsequently, the Use of Frisian in Legal Transactions Act of 11 May 1956 was passed, which provided for the use of Frisian in transactions with the courts.
514:
513:
518:
517:
512:
519:
1008:
Also, many West
Frisians have left their province in the last 60 years for more prosperous parts of the Netherlands. Therefore, possibly as many as 150,000 West Frisian speakers live in other Dutch provinces, particularly in the urban agglomeration in the West, and in neighbouring Groningen and newly
852:
still occurred. Some of the texts that are preserved from this period are from the 12th or 13th, but most are from the 14th and 15th centuries. Generally, these texts are restricted to legal documents. Although the earliest definite written examples of
Frisian are from approximately the 9th century,
1102:
Primary education in
Friesland was made bilingual in 1956, which means West Frisian can be used as a teaching medium. In the same year, West Frisian became an official school subject, having been introduced to primary education as an optional extra in 1937. It was not until 1980, however, that West
1219:
The saying "As milk is to cheese, are
English and Fries" describes the observed similarity between Frisian and English. One rhyme that is sometimes used to demonstrate the palpable similarity between Frisian and English is "Bread, butter and green cheese is good English and good Fries", which does
950:
His example was not followed until the 19th century, when entire generations of
Frisian authors and poets appeared. This coincided with the introduction of the so-called newer breaking system, a prominent grammatical feature in almost all West Frisian dialects, with the notable exception of
516:
1194:
newspaper and 97.1% of a Dutch newspaper. However, the same test also revealed that native Dutch speakers understood 63.9% of a spoken
Frisian text, 59.4% of a spoken Afrikaans text and 89.4% of a spoken Dutch text, read aloud by native speakers of the respective languages.
2153:
888:
Until the 16th century, West
Frisian was widely spoken and written, but from 1500 onwards it became an almost exclusively oral language, mainly used in rural areas. This was in part due to the occupation of its stronghold, the Dutch province of
2152:
2095:), whereas in print the string IJ is used. In alphabetical listings IJ is most commonly considered to consist of the two letters I and J, although in dictionaries there is an entry IJ between X and Z telling the user to browse back to I.
857:
inscriptions from the region which are probably older and possibly in the
Frisian language. These runic writings, however, usually do not amount to more than single- or few-word inscriptions, and cannot be said to constitute
2154:
1239:
515:
1415:("the Southwest Corner"), deviates from mainstream West Frisian in that it does not adhere to the so-called newer breaking system, a prominent grammatical feature in the three other main dialects.
1336:
Alle mensen worden vrij en gelijk in waardigheid en rechten geboren. Zij zijn begiftigd met verstand en geweten, en behoren zich jegens elkander in een geest van broederschap te gedragen.
1084:. It is used in many domains of Frisian society, among which are education, legislation, and administration. In 2010, some sixty public transportation ticket machines in Friesland and
1324:
Alle minsken wurde frij en gelyk yn weardigens en rjochten berne. Hja hawwe ferstân en gewisse meikrigen en hearre har foar inoar oer yn in geast fan bruorskip te hâlden en te dragen.
983:), West Frisian is the native language. In the central east, West Frisian speakers spill over the province border, with some 4,000–6,000 of them actually living in the province of
2155:
1470:
are mutually very easily intelligible, there are, at least to native West
Frisian speakers, a few very conspicuous differences. These include the pronunciation of the words
1247:; in English, "Butter, bread and green cheese, whoever can't say that is not a proper Frisian") was used, according to legend, by the 16th century Frisian rebel and pirate
1306:
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
3346:
973:. Friesland has 643,000 inhabitants (2005), of whom 94% can understand spoken West Frisian, 74% can speak West Frisian, 75% can read West Frisian, and 27% can write it.
827:. Modern English and Frisian on the other hand have become very divergent, largely due to wholesale Norse and French imports into English and similarly heavy Dutch and
1314:
Ealle menn sindon frēo and ġelīċe on āre and ġerihtum ġeboren. Hīe sindon witt and inġehygde ġetīðod, and hīe sċulon mid brōþorlīċum ferhþe tō heora selfes dōn.
3197:
4230:
2076:
In alphabetical listings both I and Y are usually found between H and J. When two words differ only because one has I and the other one has Y (such as
2215:
1039:
Apart from the use of West
Frisian as a first language, it is also spoken as a second language by about 120,000 people in the province of Friesland.
926:
rose as the dominant part of the Netherlands and its language, Dutch, as the dominant language in judicial, administrative and religious affairs.
3339:
1103:
Frisian had the status of a required subject in primary schools, and not until 1993 that it was given the same position in secondary education.
4605:
3683:
1527:
probably has more speakers, but because the western clay area was originally the more prosperous part of the mostly agricultural province,
4403:
2842:
471:
727:, and many of the areas within it still treasure their Frisian heritage, even though in most places the Frisian language has been lost.
3332:
3190:
1095:, Frisians have the right to give evidence in their own language. Also, they can take the oath in Frisian in courts anywhere in the
96:
5644:
2294:
Moseley, Christopher, ed. (2010). Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. Memory of Peoples (3rd ed.). Paris: UNESCO Publishing.
68:
2361:
49:
5639:
3183:
2640:
2620:
2419:
2299:
1288:
75:
2506:
4220:
2760:
2725:
493:
5132:
2743:
82:
2575:
749:
varieties hardly at all. Both English and Frisian are marked by the suppression of the Germanic nasal in a word like
115:
1385:
The dialects within mainstream mainland West Frisian are all readily intelligible. Three are usually distinguished:
625:
The name "West Frisian" is only used outside the Netherlands, to distinguish this language from the closely related
3676:
2481:
2431:
661:
for the Dutch dialect). The unambiguous name used for the West Frisian language by linguists in the Netherlands is
2650:
1424:("Northern") dialect, spoken in the north eastern corner of the province, does not differ much from Wood Frisian.
64:
2835:
2629:
Hoekstra, Jarich; Tiersma, Peter Meijes (2013) , "16 Frisian", in van der Auwera, Johan; König, Ekkehard (eds.),
483:
5634:
53:
1069:
In 1951, Frisian language activists, protesting at the exclusive use of Dutch in the courts, caused a riot in
880:) is rooted in geopolitics and the consequent fairly abrupt halt in the use of Frisian as a written language.
5499:
1361:
1150:) have changed their official geographical names from Dutch to West Frisian. Some other municipalities, like
911:
438:
361:
379:
5529:
4699:
4661:
4646:
3645:
3617:
3206:
2205:
780:
420:
3973:
3024:
1016:
A Frisian diaspora exists abroad; Friesland sent more emigrants than any other Dutch province between the
5509:
5369:
4719:
4678:
4668:
3669:
2777:
331:
3885:
3432:
3226:
2963:
2828:
2694:
2596:
2270:
Taal yn it Grinsgebiet. Undersyk nei de taalferhâldings en de taalgrins yn it Westerkertier yn Grinslân
1212:
900:
634:
947:), who largely fathered modern West Frisian literature and orthography, was an exception to the rule.
605:, West Frisian is notable as being the most closely related foreign tongue to the various dialects of
5226:
2091:
In handwriting, IJ (used for Dutch loanwords and personal names) is written as a single letter (see
1207:
Map of Anglo-Frisian language areas in Europe, including (in dark blue) West Frisian, (medium blue)
5504:
5458:
5453:
5377:
4987:
4971:
4850:
4709:
4600:
4595:
1542:
432:
89:
5443:
5387:
5382:
5302:
4975:
4925:
4225:
4043:
3799:
3727:
3715:
3650:
2894:
2870:
2662:
2125:
1366:
1190:
in 2005 revealed native Dutch speakers understood 31.9% of a West Frisian newspaper, 66.4% of an
863:
746:
614:
246:
236:
226:
42:
5565:
5285:
4683:
2322:
5448:
4930:
4896:
4514:
4330:
4190:
4030:
3925:
3380:
3115:
3009:
2881:
2146:
2118:
1350:
1208:
1183:
834:
One major difference between Old Frisian and modern Frisian is that in the Old Frisian period (
638:
573:
256:
5606:
5570:
4838:
4831:
4783:
4553:
4524:
4493:
4456:
4381:
4138:
3912:
3874:
3627:
3555:
3479:
2994:
2948:
2060:
1550:
934:
630:
543:
300:
168:
162:
5071:
3946:
2390:
5575:
5555:
5524:
5397:
5257:
5003:
4821:
4413:
4240:
4202:
4197:
4071:
4018:
3776:
3640:
3612:
3527:
3282:
3053:
2912:
2169:
1374:
1154:
and the 11 towns, use two names (both Dutch and West Frisian) or only a West Frisian name.
1145:
1085:
1033:
984:
957:. Therefore, the New Frisian period is considered to have begun at this time, around 1820.
742:
677:
262:
5231:
1137:
1091:
Although in the courts of law the Dutch language is still mainly used, in the province of
8:
5514:
4750:
4704:
4638:
4391:
4038:
3951:
3749:
3622:
3450:
3424:
3313:
3272:
3262:
3128:
2889:
2678:
5061:
4906:
4153:
3541:
1565:
The largest difference between the Clay Frisian and Wood Frisian dialects are the words
5560:
5484:
5412:
5402:
5357:
5119:
5046:
4943:
4788:
4763:
4758:
4651:
4479:
4364:
4185:
3963:
3958:
3937:
3898:
3702:
3692:
3511:
3492:
3373:
3287:
3138:
3090:
3085:
3070:
2980:
2707:
2703:
2200:
1248:
1191:
915:
646:
241:
231:
20:
4714:
2532:
2531:
Hammarström, Harald; Forke, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2020).
2272:. Sosjaal-wittenskiplike rige nummer 10. Akademy-nummer 715. Ljouwert: Fryske Akademy.
412:
5534:
5333:
5249:
5242:
5197:
5141:
4901:
4891:
4874:
4869:
4773:
4656:
4535:
4335:
4296:
4276:
4114:
4006:
3988:
3840:
3387:
3267:
3034:
3029:
2851:
2636:
2616:
2571:
2415:
2330:
2295:
2185:
1047:
1029:
626:
595:
251:
3324:
2391:"How easy is it for speakers of Dutch to understand Frisian and Afrikaans, and why?"
489:
5489:
5280:
5214:
5170:
5165:
5125:
5114:
5106:
4911:
4879:
4826:
4815:
4728:
4437:
4376:
4166:
4148:
3983:
3744:
3736:
3548:
3518:
3471:
3457:
3297:
3120:
3046:
2609:
de Haan, Germen J. (2010), Hoekstra, Jarich; Visser, Willem; Jensma, Goffe (eds.),
2414:
The History of English: A Linguistic Introduction, Scott Shay. Wardja Press, 2008,
1272:
1129:
1106:
In 1997, the province of Friesland officially changed its name from the Dutch form
1017:
849:
602:
5326:
649:
while the West Frisian language is almost always just called "Frisian" (in Dutch:
5519:
5479:
5312:
5219:
5202:
5187:
5182:
5175:
4884:
4793:
4778:
4733:
4585:
4548:
4540:
4519:
4506:
4486:
4472:
4235:
4212:
4143:
4133:
4125:
3905:
3562:
3485:
3464:
3437:
3292:
3277:
2987:
2630:
2610:
2190:
1203:
1025:
1021:
447:
425:
218:
3076:
5600:
5494:
5474:
5426:
5318:
5192:
4862:
4629:
4568:
4347:
4304:
4261:
4178:
4173:
4062:
4012:
3863:
3814:
3769:
3762:
3576:
3569:
3443:
3367:
3252:
3220:
3175:
3153:
3040:
2929:
1731:
1393:
1280:
1077:
930:
812:
668:
562:
554:
338:
293:
2234:
5628:
5550:
5392:
5148:
5099:
4916:
4855:
4768:
4673:
4611:
4558:
4442:
4369:
3586:
3403:
3080:
2366:
2334:
199:
3162:
5419:
4843:
4807:
4740:
4563:
4386:
4359:
4342:
4286:
4245:
3827:
3806:
3410:
3396:
2598:
Taal fen it hert. Language of the Heart. About Frisian Language and Culture
2092:
2070:
1256:
1232:
Bûter, brea en griene tsiis; wa't dat net sizze kin is gjin oprjochte Fries
919:
5066:
2065:
West Frisian uses the Latin alphabet. A, E, O and U may be accompanied by
1427:
By far the two most-widely spoken West Frisian dialects are Clay Frisian (
713:. At that time, the Frisian language was spoken along the entire southern
396:
5236:
5209:
5027:
4935:
4617:
4578:
4161:
3856:
3820:
3755:
3534:
2863:
2713:
2456:
2348:
1444:
1276:
1121:
1096:
1063:
970:
738:
734:
730:
694:
676:
being a border river that separates the Dutch provinces of Friesland and
606:
587:
524:
317:
179:
5081:
2128:
for information on how to incorporate it into this article's main text.
1533:
has had the larger influence on the West Frisian standardised language.
1271:
Here is a short example of the West Frisian language in comparison with
1076:
Since 1956, West Frisian has an official status along with and equal to
5076:
5056:
4421:
4091:
3792:
3591:
3505:
3500:
3236:
2239:
2066:
1691:
in Clay Frisian. Thus, in Wood Frisian, there is no difference between
1260:
1252:
1187:
1151:
1070:
859:
828:
903:, who replaced West Frisian as the language of government with Dutch.
5262:
5010:
4573:
4354:
4309:
4281:
4107:
3661:
3417:
2612:
Studies in West Frisian Grammar: Selected Papers by Germen J. de Haan
2537:
1719:
1440:
1092:
1081:
1010:
966:
890:
714:
610:
577:
405:
389:
371:
353:
322:
189:
5086:
2820:
2811:
1058:
976:
For over half of the inhabitants of the province of Friesland, 55% (
459:
31:
5051:
4399:
3110:
2195:
1255:
that he forced his captives to repeat to distinguish Frisians from
938:
907:
591:
501:
452:
Present-day distribution West Frisian languages, in the Netherlands
5092:
4688:
4590:
3356:
2716:. overheid.nl. - 2013 legislation concerning the Frisian language
1985:
1554:
1158:
923:
710:
702:
673:
642:
497:
2311:
Geschiedenis van Friesland, 1750–1995, Johan Frieswijk, p. 327.
1649:. Other differences are in the pronunciation of the diphthongs
645:. Within the Netherlands, however, "West Frisian" refers to the
4395:
3257:
3133:
2698:
2180:
1546:
1043:
745:
sound shift, which affected Frisian and English, but the other
718:
698:
468:
2565:
2530:
987:, in the triangular area of the villages Marum (West Frisian:
717:
coast. Today this region is sometimes referred to as "Greater
4313:
2719:
1409:("South Western") dialect, which is spoken in an area called
854:
706:
2507:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Dutch (Nederlands)"
1988:
differences between Clay Frisian and Wood Frisian include:
1169:, which were assigned to the collective Frisian languages.
1703:, whereas in Clay Frisian, there is no difference between
500:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
2794:
1549:
among the West Frisian dialects, all of which are easily
1353:. The varieties on the islands are rather divergent, and
1223:
Brea, bûter en griene tsiis is goed Ingelsk en goed Frysk
922:, West Frisian did not regain its former status, because
2903:
1349:
Not all Frisian varieties spoken in Dutch Friesland are
965:
Most speakers of West Frisian live in the province of
3354:
1198:
2668:, in Kruijsen, Joep; van der Sijs, Nicoline (eds.),
1601:("by"), which are pronounced in the Wood Frisian as
1447:
areas of south-eastern England – the Germanic words
1172:
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2389:Bezooijen, Renée van; Gooskens, Charlotte (2005).
2083:
2077:
1969:
1962:
1943:
1936:
1917:
1910:
1891:
1884:
1865:
1858:
1839:
1832:
1813:
1806:
1787:
1780:
1761:
1754:
1710:
1704:
1698:
1692:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1566:
1528:
1522:
1513:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1434:
1428:
1419:
1410:
1404:
1379:Western Frisian (mainstream Mainland West Frisian)
1322:
1230:
1221:
1143:
1135:
1127:
1119:
1113:
1000:
994:
988:
952:
942:
894:
806:
800:
783:. Also, when followed by some vowels the Germanic
774:
764:
754:
581:
548:
336:
149:
143:
2710:(active and retired language codes, respectively)
2482:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Frisian"
2432:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights - English"
2388:
2364:[OV chip card machines also in Frisian].
883:
697:the Frisian lands stretched from the area around
5626:
3205:
2615:, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company,
1186:in reading between Dutch and Frisian is poor. A
3618:Langue des signes Francophone de Belgique, LSFB
2628:
1020:and the 1970s. Frisian is still spoken by some
2680:Phonology & grammar of modern West Frisian
2268:Gorter, D. L.G. Jansma en G.H. Jelsma (1990),
1399:South or Southwest Frisian (Súdhoeksk dialect)
3677:
3340:
3191:
3167:
2836:
2474:
737:. This similarity was reinforced in the late
2648:
2349:Wet gebruik Friese taal in het rechtsverkeer
2088:), the word with I precedes the one with Y.
2216:Swadesh list with English and Frisian words
1955:
1929:
1903:
1877:
1851:
1825:
1799:
1773:
1747:
1560:
1334:
1107:
822:
816:
722:
662:
656:
650:
567:
466:Frisian is classified as Vulnerable by the
3684:
3670:
3347:
3333:
3198:
3184:
2843:
2829:
2649:Jong, Gerbrich de; Hoekstra, Eric (2018),
2568:Germanic Standardizations: Past to Present
1344:
920:the Netherlands became independent in 1585
647:West Frisian dialect of the Dutch language
458:
446:
16:West Germanic language spoken in Friesland
2554:Grammatica Fries. De regels van het Fries
2117:This article should include a summary of
791:sound. For example, the West Frisian for
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
2594:
2362:"Ov-chipkaartautomaten ook in het Fries"
2150:
1202:
1057:
523:A West Frisian speaker, recorded in the
509:
472:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
2660:
2608:
2566:Ana Deumert, Wim Vandenbussche (2003).
1536:
1392:Wood Frisian (Wâldfrysk dialect, incl.
1046:to be a language in danger of becoming
494:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
5627:
3691:
2320:
2281:Gorter, D. & R.J. Jonkman (1994),
1979:
1088:added a West Frisian-language option.
1062:Bilingual West Frisian–Dutch signs in
906:This practice was continued under the
594:. It is the most widely spoken of the
5355:
4969:
3713:
3665:
3328:
3179:
3166:
2850:
2824:
2676:
2570:. John Benjamins Publishing Company.
1289:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1118:. So far 4 out of 18 municipalities (
1050:, officially listed as "vulnerable".
667:
561:
542:
167:
161:
2726:
2672:, Uitgeverij Contact, pp. 37–48
2102:
1553:, but there are slight variances in
1541:There are few if any differences in
1266:
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
4246:Plautdietsch / Mennonite Low German
2651:"A General Introduction to Frisian"
1161:West Frisian falls under the codes
13:
5605:Languages between parentheses are
4970:
2588:
2228:
1199:Folklore about relation to English
169:[ˈvɛstr̩ˌlɔuə(r)s(k)frisk]
14:
5656:
2688:
2683:, London: Oxford University Press
2604:, Leeuwarden: Province of Fryslân
2283:Taal yn Fryslân op 'e nij besjoen
1389:Clay Frisian (Klaaifrysk dialect)
933:(1603–1666), a schoolteacher and
601:In the study of the evolution of
576:spoken mostly in the province of
2803:
2786:
2769:
2752:
2735:
2704:ISO 639 code set entry for "fry"
2210:
2107:
1173:Relations with Dutch and English
929:In this period the Frisian poet
30:
5645:Culture of Groningen (province)
2635:, Routledge, pp. 505–531,
2559:
2546:
2524:
2499:
2449:
2424:
2408:
2382:
1220:not sound very different from "
41:needs additional citations for
5609:of the language on their left.
2714:Wet gebruik Friese taal (2013)
2398:Linguistics in the Netherlands
2354:
2341:
2314:
2305:
2288:
2275:
2262:
2249:
2054:
1357:distinguishes four languages:
1229:Another rhyme on this theme, "
1042:West Frisian is considered by
884:Middle Frisian and New Frisian
733:bore a striking similarity to
688:
669:[ˈʋɛstərˌlʌu.ərsˈfris]
1:
5500:Germanic substrate hypothesis
5356:
3613:Deutsche Gebärdensprache, DGS
2221:
1362:Hindeloopen-Molkwerum Frisian
1177:
977:
912:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
874:
867:
842:
835:
655:for the Frisian language and
617:of the West Germanic family.
5640:Languages of the Netherlands
5530:Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law
4221:Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch
3646:Languages of the Netherlands
3623:Nederlandse Gebarentaal, NGT
3207:Languages of the Netherlands
2457:"UDHR in Germanic languages"
2327:The New York Review of Books
2206:Languages of the Netherlands
2098:
1990:
1724:
781:Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law
672:(West Lauwers Frisian), the
7:
5510:High German consonant shift
2661:Jonkman, Reitze J. (1999),
2321:Buruma, Ian (31 May 2001).
2285:. Ljouwert: Fryske Akademy.
2174:
1506:("by"), and the diphthongs
960:
910:rulers of the Netherlands (
10:
5661:
4048:Westlauwers–Terschellings
3701:According to contemporary
3355:Languages and dialects of
2351:(in Dutch) via overheid.nl
2255:Provinsje Fryslân (2007),
2167:
2163:
2144:
2058:
1371:Westlauwers–Terschellings
901:Albert III, Duke of Saxony
683:
613:, these being part of the
211:470,000 (2001 census)
18:
5592:
5543:
5467:
5436:
5368:
5364:
5351:
5300:
5273:
5227:Southern Schleswig Danish
5158:
5039:
4995:
4986:
4982:
4965:
4806:
4749:
4637:
4628:
4533:
4505:
4464:
4455:
4430:
4412:
4323:
4295:
4269:
4260:
4211:
4124:
4099:
4090:
4029:
3924:
3873:
3848:
3839:
3735:
3726:
3722:
3709:
3699:
3636:
3605:
3363:
3306:
3245:
3213:
3173:
3168:Links to related articles
3147:
3103:
3062:
3017:
3008:
2972:
2956:
2947:
2880:
2858:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1738:
1735:
1730:
1727:
1330:
1318:
1310:
1302:
1297:
1294:
1053:
480:
457:
445:
431:
419:
403:
387:
369:
351:
346:
337:
330:
313:Official language in
311:
306:
290:
215:
205:
195:
185:
175:
157:
142:
137:
132:
5505:West Germanic gemination
5459:Ancient Belgian language
5454:Germanic parent language
5398:Weser-Rhine (Istvaeonic)
4520:Austrian Standard German
3714:
3628:Vlaamse Gebarentaal, VGT
2595:Erkelens, Helma (2004),
2556:. Utrecht: Het Spectrum.
2257:Fluchhifking Fryske Taal
1561:Phonological differences
916:Philip II, King of Spain
19:Not to be confused with
3651:Languages of Luxembourg
2795:Western Frisian edition
2245:(subscription required)
2126:Knowledge:Summary style
1625:and in Clay Frisian as
1367:Schiermonnikoog Frisian
1345:Internal classification
864:Middle Frisian language
831:influences on Frisian.
620:
65:"West Frisian language"
5566:Preterite-present verb
5449:Proto-Germanic grammar
5403:North Sea (Ingvaeonic)
4515:German Standard German
4191:East Frisian Low Saxon
3116:East Frisian Low Saxon
2677:Sipma, Pieter (1913),
2670:Honderd Jaar Stadstaal
2632:The Germanic Languages
2160:
2147:West Frisian phonology
2119:West Frisian phonology
2084:
2078:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1918:
1911:
1904:
1892:
1885:
1878:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1840:
1833:
1826:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1762:
1755:
1748:
1711:
1705:
1699:
1693:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1529:
1523:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1435:
1429:
1420:
1411:
1405:
1335:
1323:
1231:
1222:
1216:
1184:mutual intelligibility
1144:
1136:
1128:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1066:
1001:
995:
989:
953:
943:
895:
823:
817:
807:
801:
775:
765:
755:
723:
663:
657:
651:
586:) in the north of the
582:
574:West Germanic language
568:
558:
549:
539:
528:
482:This article contains
150:
144:
5635:West Frisian language
5571:Grammatischer Wechsel
4554:Namibian Black German
4525:Swiss Standard German
4494:Early New High German
4052:Mainland West Frisian
3913:Harlingerland Frisian
3025:Bökingharde (Mooring)
2918:Mainland West Frisian
2722:West Frisian language
2158:
2061:West Frisian alphabet
1722:differences include:
1679:in Wood Frisian, but
1667:which are pronounced
1551:mutually intelligible
1351:mutually intelligible
1206:
1061:
981: 354,000 people
590:, mostly by those of
522:
5576:Indo-European ablaut
5556:Germanic strong verb
5525:Germanic spirant law
4662:Southeast Limburgish
4158:Gelders-Overijssels
3787:Irish Middle English
3777:Early Modern English
3641:Languages of Belgium
3486:Standard High German
2552:Popkema, J. (2006),
2170:West Frisian grammar
1537:Dialectal comparison
1433:) and Wood Frisian (
1375:Terschelling Frisian
1112:to the West Frisian
1034:Dutch New Zealanders
969:in the north of the
615:Anglo-Frisian branch
550:Westerlauwersk Frysk
151:Westerlauwersk Frysk
50:improve this article
5544:Synchronic features
5515:Germanic a-mutation
5468:Diachronic features
4818:in the broad sense
4751:East Central German
4705:Lorraine Franconian
4679:Transylvanian Saxon
4639:West Central German
4414:East Low Franconian
4324:West Low Franconian
3314:Dutch Sign Language
3129:Stadsfries dialects
3104:Substratum dialects
2370:. 13 September 2010
2323:"The Road to Babel"
2159:Spoken West Frisian
1980:Lexical differences
1589:("she" or "they"),
1494:("she" or "they"),
1291:
1211:, and (light blue)
1080:in the province of
664:Westerlauwers Fries
569:Westerlauwers Fries
5561:Germanic weak verb
5370:Language subgroups
4720:Pennsylvania Dutch
4669:Moselle Franconian
4647:Central Franconian
4480:Middle High German
4231:Central Pomeranian
4186:Northern Low Saxon
3899:Wangerooge Frisian
3693:Germanic languages
3512:Northern Low Saxon
3139:West Frisian Dutch
2201:Frisian literature
2161:
1286:
1249:Pier Gerlofs Donia
1217:
1067:
609:spoken across the
529:
242:North Sea Germanic
21:West Frisian Dutch
5622:
5621:
5616:
5615:
5601:extinct languages
5588:
5587:
5584:
5583:
5535:Great Vowel Shift
5347:
5346:
5343:
5342:
5296:
5295:
5142:Greenlandic Norse
4961:
4960:
4957:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4892:Southern Bavarian
4875:Northern Bavarian
4851:Highest Alemannic
4802:
4801:
4536:standard variants
4451:
4450:
4297:Standard variants
4256:
4255:
4115:Middle Low German
4086:
4085:
4082:
4081:
3886:Saterland Frisian
3659:
3658:
3322:
3321:
3160:
3159:
3154:extinct languages
3099:
3098:
3004:
3003:
2943:
2942:
2932:
2852:Frisian languages
2695:Frisian languages
2642:978-0-415-05768-4
2622:978-90-272-5544-0
2533:"Western Frisian"
2420:978-0-615-16817-3
2300:978-92-3-104096-2
2243:(18th ed., 2015)
2186:Frisian languages
2156:
2143:
2142:
2052:
2051:
1977:
1976:
1342:
1341:
1287:Article 1 of the
1267:Language examples
1213:Saterland Frisian
1138:Noardeast-Fryslân
1030:Dutch Australians
937:from the city of
850:grammatical cases
787:developed into a
701:, in what is now
635:Saterland Frisian
627:Frisian languages
596:Frisian languages
520:
508:
507:
490:rendering support
486:phonetic symbols.
332:Regulated by
126:
125:
118:
100:
5652:
5393:Elbe (Irminonic)
5366:
5365:
5353:
5352:
5281:Mainland Gutnish
5171:Swedish dialects
5133:Middle Icelandic
5107:Middle Norwegian
4996:Historical forms
4993:
4992:
4984:
4983:
4967:
4966:
4926:South Franconian
4912:Hutterite German
4880:Central Bavarian
4700:Rhine Franconian
4635:
4634:
4465:Historical forms
4462:
4461:
4377:Surinamese Dutch
4270:Historical forms
4267:
4266:
4100:Historical forms
4097:
4096:
3849:Historical forms
3846:
3845:
3733:
3732:
3724:
3723:
3711:
3710:
3686:
3679:
3672:
3663:
3662:
3579:
3572:
3565:
3558:
3551:
3544:
3537:
3530:
3521:
3514:
3495:
3488:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3390:
3383:
3376:
3349:
3342:
3335:
3326:
3325:
3200:
3193:
3186:
3177:
3176:
3164:
3163:
3015:
3014:
2954:
2953:
2928:
2901:
2900:
2895:Schiermonnikoogs
2845:
2838:
2831:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2799:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2782:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2765:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2748:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2728:
2684:
2673:
2667:
2657:
2645:
2625:
2605:
2603:
2582:
2581:
2563:
2557:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2428:
2422:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2395:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2358:
2352:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2318:
2312:
2309:
2303:
2292:
2286:
2279:
2273:
2266:
2260:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2232:
2214:
2213:
2157:
2138:
2135:
2129:
2111:
2110:
2103:
2087:
2081:
1991:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1791:
1784:
1777:
1765:
1758:
1751:
1725:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1600:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1576:
1570:
1532:
1526:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1438:
1432:
1423:
1414:
1408:
1338:
1326:
1292:
1285:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1234:
1225:
1168:
1164:
1149:
1141:
1133:
1130:De Fryske Marren
1125:
1117:
1111:
1018:Second World War
1004:
998:
992:
982:
979:
956:
946:
898:
879:
876:
872:
869:
853:there are a few
847:
844:
840:
837:
826:
820:
810:
804:
778:
768:
758:
726:
671:
666:
660:
654:
592:Frisian ancestry
585:
571:
565:
552:
546:
521:
474:
462:
450:
441:
415:
399:
392:
383:
382:
374:
365:
364:
356:
342:
341:
296:
221:
171:
165:
153:
147:
130:
129:
121:
114:
110:
107:
101:
99:
58:
34:
26:
5660:
5659:
5655:
5654:
5653:
5651:
5650:
5649:
5625:
5624:
5623:
5618:
5617:
5612:
5580:
5539:
5520:Germanic umlaut
5485:Holtzmann's law
5463:
5432:
5360:
5339:
5292:
5269:
5203:South Jutlandic
5188:Danish dialects
5154:
5035:
4978:
4949:
4931:East Franconian
4885:Viennese German
4798:
4779:Silesian German
4745:
4734:Central Hessian
4624:
4549:Namibian German
4538:
4529:
4507:Standard German
4501:
4487:New High German
4473:Old High German
4447:
4426:
4408:
4319:
4291:
4252:
4236:East Pomeranian
4226:Brandenburgisch
4213:East Low German
4207:
4134:Dutch Low Saxon
4126:West Low German
4120:
4078:
4044:Schiermonnikoog
4025:
3920:
3906:Wursten Frisian
3869:
3835:
3718:
3705:
3695:
3690:
3660:
3655:
3632:
3601:
3575:
3568:
3561:
3554:
3547:
3540:
3533:
3526:
3517:
3510:
3491:
3484:
3470:
3463:
3456:
3449:
3442:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3386:
3379:
3372:
3359:
3353:
3323:
3318:
3302:
3241:
3209:
3204:
3169:
3161:
3156:
3143:
3095:
3058:
3000:
2968:
2939:
2905:
2899:
2876:
2854:
2849:
2819:
2809:
2804:
2802:
2792:
2787:
2785:
2781:from Wikivoyage
2775:
2770:
2768:
2758:
2753:
2751:
2747:from Wiktionary
2741:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2727:sister projects
2724:at Knowledge's
2691:
2665:
2643:
2623:
2601:
2591:
2589:Further reading
2586:
2585:
2578:
2564:
2560:
2551:
2547:
2529:
2525:
2515:
2513:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2490:
2488:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2465:
2463:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2440:
2438:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2413:
2409:
2393:
2387:
2383:
2373:
2371:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2346:
2342:
2319:
2315:
2310:
2306:
2293:
2289:
2280:
2276:
2267:
2263:
2254:
2250:
2244:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2211:
2191:Frisian Islands
2177:
2172:
2166:
2151:
2149:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2123:
2112:
2108:
2101:
2063:
2057:
2025:
2020:
1982:
1744:you (singular)
1563:
1539:
1412:de Súdwesthoeke
1347:
1269:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1201:
1180:
1175:
1166:
1162:
1146:Súdwest-Fryslân
1056:
1026:Dutch Americans
1022:Dutch Canadians
1002:De Grinzer Pein
999:), and Opende (
980:
963:
899:), in 1498, by
886:
877:
870:
845:
838:
705:, to the river
691:
686:
623:
544:[frisk]
538:(West Frisian:
510:
488:Without proper
476:
475:
467:
465:
453:
437:
411:
395:
388:
378:
377:
370:
360:
359:
352:
314:
307:Official status
297:
292:
286:
222:
219:Language family
217:
208:
207:Native speakers
163:[frisk]
148:
122:
111:
105:
102:
59:
57:
47:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5658:
5648:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5620:
5619:
5614:
5613:
5611:
5610:
5603:
5593:
5590:
5589:
5586:
5585:
5582:
5581:
5579:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5547:
5545:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5471:
5469:
5465:
5464:
5462:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5444:Proto-Germanic
5440:
5438:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5430:
5423:
5416:
5408:
5407:
5406:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5385:
5380:
5374:
5372:
5362:
5361:
5349:
5348:
5345:
5344:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5337:
5330:
5323:
5319:Crimean Gothic
5308:
5306:
5298:
5297:
5294:
5293:
5291:
5290:
5289:
5288:
5283:
5274:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5267:
5266:
5265:
5255:
5254:
5253:
5246:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5223:
5222:
5217:
5207:
5206:
5205:
5195:
5193:Insular Danish
5190:
5180:
5179:
5178:
5176:Rinkebysvenska
5173:
5162:
5160:
5156:
5155:
5153:
5152:
5145:
5138:
5137:
5136:
5129:
5117:
5112:
5111:
5110:
5103:
5096:
5090:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5043:
5041:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5032:
5031:
5024:
5022:Old East Norse
5019:
5017:Old West Norse
5007:
4999:
4997:
4990:
4980:
4979:
4963:
4962:
4959:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4940:
4939:
4938:
4928:
4923:
4922:
4921:
4920:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4897:South Tyrolean
4889:
4888:
4887:
4877:
4867:
4866:
4865:
4860:
4859:
4858:
4848:
4847:
4846:
4839:High Alemannic
4836:
4835:
4834:
4829:
4812:
4810:
4804:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4755:
4753:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4743:
4738:
4737:
4736:
4726:
4725:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4717:
4707:
4697:
4696:
4695:
4694:
4693:
4692:
4691:
4681:
4676:
4666:
4665:
4664:
4659:
4643:
4641:
4632:
4630:Central German
4626:
4625:
4623:
4622:
4621:
4620:
4615:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4588:
4583:
4582:
4581:
4571:
4569:Barossa German
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4545:
4543:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4511:
4509:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4499:
4498:
4497:
4483:
4476:
4468:
4466:
4459:
4453:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4445:
4440:
4434:
4432:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4418:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4406:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4373:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4348:French Flemish
4340:
4339:
4338:
4327:
4325:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4307:
4301:
4299:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4273:
4271:
4264:
4262:Low Franconian
4258:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4217:
4215:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4183:
4182:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4130:
4128:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4111:
4103:
4101:
4094:
4088:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4066:
4065:
4063:Westereendersk
4057:
4046:
4041:
4035:
4033:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4022:
4021:
4016:
4009:
4004:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3994:
3986:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3968:
3967:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3955:
3954:
3949:
3941:
3930:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3909:
3902:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3879:
3877:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3864:Middle Frisian
3860:
3852:
3850:
3843:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3824:
3812:
3811:
3810:
3803:
3796:
3784:
3783:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3770:Modern English
3766:
3763:Middle English
3759:
3752:
3741:
3739:
3730:
3720:
3719:
3707:
3706:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3689:
3688:
3681:
3674:
3666:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3609:
3607:
3606:Sign languages
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3559:
3552:
3545:
3538:
3524:
3523:
3522:
3503:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3489:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3454:
3447:
3444:Belgian French
3435:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3421:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3377:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3352:
3351:
3344:
3337:
3329:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3210:
3203:
3202:
3195:
3188:
3180:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3158:
3157:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3074:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3021:
3019:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2991:
2984:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2960:
2958:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2930:Westereendersk
2923:
2915:
2909:
2907:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2886:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2871:Middle Frisian
2867:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2848:
2847:
2840:
2833:
2825:
2818:
2817:
2800:
2783:
2766:
2749:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2711:
2701:
2690:
2689:External links
2687:
2686:
2685:
2674:
2658:
2646:
2641:
2626:
2621:
2606:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2576:
2558:
2545:
2523:
2498:
2473:
2448:
2423:
2407:
2381:
2353:
2340:
2313:
2304:
2287:
2274:
2261:
2248:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2176:
2173:
2168:Main article:
2165:
2162:
2145:Main article:
2141:
2140:
2115:
2113:
2106:
2100:
2097:
2059:Main article:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1889:
1882:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1793:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1759:
1752:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1729:
1562:
1559:
1538:
1535:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1394:Westereendersk
1390:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1369:
1364:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1320:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1268:
1265:
1200:
1197:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1055:
1052:
962:
959:
931:Gysbert Japiks
914:, and his son
885:
882:
709:, in northern
690:
687:
685:
682:
622:
619:
563:[fris]
506:
505:
492:, you may see
478:
477:
464:
463:
455:
454:
451:
443:
442:
435:
429:
428:
423:
417:
416:
409:
401:
400:
393:
385:
384:
375:
367:
366:
357:
349:
348:
347:Language codes
344:
343:
339:Fryske Akademy
334:
328:
327:
326:
325:
315:
312:
309:
308:
304:
303:
298:
294:Writing system
291:
288:
287:
285:
284:
283:
282:
281:
280:
279:
278:
277:
276:
275:
274:
273:
272:
271:
270:
225:
223:
216:
213:
212:
209:
206:
203:
202:
197:
193:
192:
187:
183:
182:
177:
176:Native to
173:
172:
159:
155:
154:
140:
139:
135:
134:
124:
123:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5657:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5608:
5604:
5602:
5598:
5595:
5594:
5591:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5551:Germanic verb
5549:
5548:
5546:
5542:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5490:Sievers's law
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5472:
5470:
5466:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5441:
5439:
5437:Reconstructed
5435:
5429:
5428:
5424:
5422:
5421:
5417:
5415:
5414:
5410:
5409:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5371:
5367:
5363:
5359:
5354:
5350:
5336:
5335:
5331:
5329:
5328:
5324:
5321:
5320:
5315:
5314:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5305:
5304:
5299:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5275:
5272:
5264:
5261:
5260:
5259:
5256:
5252:
5251:
5250:Middle Danish
5247:
5245:
5244:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5212:
5211:
5208:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5185:
5184:
5181:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5168:
5167:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5157:
5151:
5150:
5146:
5144:
5143:
5139:
5135:
5134:
5130:
5128:
5127:
5126:Old Icelandic
5123:
5122:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5109:
5108:
5104:
5102:
5101:
5100:Old Norwegian
5097:
5094:
5091:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5049:
5048:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5038:
5030:
5029:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5013:
5012:
5008:
5006:
5005:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4985:
4981:
4977:
4973:
4968:
4964:
4946:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4934:
4933:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4918:
4917:Gottscheerish
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4893:
4890:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4871:
4868:
4864:
4861:
4857:
4856:Walser German
4854:
4853:
4852:
4849:
4845:
4842:
4841:
4840:
4837:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4824:
4823:
4822:Low Alemannic
4820:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4809:
4805:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4784:High Prussian
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4769:Erzgebirgisch
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4748:
4742:
4739:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4730:
4727:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4701:
4698:
4690:
4687:
4686:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4674:Luxembourgish
4672:
4671:
4670:
4667:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4640:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4627:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4612:Klezmer-loshn
4609:
4607:
4606:Scots Yiddish
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4508:
4504:
4496:
4495:
4491:
4490:
4489:
4488:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4454:
4444:
4443:Meuse-Rhenish
4441:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4429:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4411:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4371:
4370:Kleverlandish
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4344:
4341:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4331:Central Dutch
4329:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4315:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4259:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4214:
4210:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4187:
4184:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4139:Stellingwarfs
4137:
4136:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4127:
4123:
4117:
4116:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4089:
4073:
4070:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4059:Wood Frisian
4058:
4055:
4054:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4032:
4028:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4014:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4001:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3939:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3926:North Frisian
3923:
3915:
3914:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3891:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3872:
3866:
3865:
3861:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3838:
3830:
3829:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3802:
3801:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3785:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3773:
3772:
3771:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3728:Anglo-Frisian
3725:
3721:
3717:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3698:
3694:
3687:
3682:
3680:
3675:
3673:
3668:
3667:
3664:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3635:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3587:Luxembourgish
3585:
3578:
3574:
3571:
3567:
3564:
3560:
3557:
3556:Stellingwarfs
3553:
3550:
3546:
3543:
3539:
3536:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3520:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3478:
3473:
3469:
3466:
3462:
3459:
3455:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3426:
3422:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3408:
3405:
3404:Kleverlandish
3401:
3398:
3394:
3389:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:Central Dutch
3378:
3375:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3362:
3358:
3350:
3345:
3343:
3338:
3336:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3307:Sign language
3305:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3201:
3196:
3194:
3189:
3187:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3172:
3165:
3155:
3151:
3146:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3102:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3055:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3010:North Frisian
3007:
2997:
2996:
2995:Harlingerland
2992:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2931:
2927:
2926:
2925:Wood Frisian
2924:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2913:Terschellings
2911:
2910:
2908:
2906:Terschellings
2902:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2853:
2846:
2841:
2839:
2834:
2832:
2827:
2826:
2823:
2815:from Wikidata
2814:
2813:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2767:
2763:
2762:
2750:
2746:
2745:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2723:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2682:
2681:
2675:
2671:
2664:
2659:
2656:
2652:
2647:
2644:
2638:
2634:
2633:
2627:
2624:
2618:
2614:
2613:
2607:
2600:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2579:
2577:90-272-1856-0
2573:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2549:
2541:
2539:
2534:
2527:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2487:
2483:
2477:
2462:
2458:
2452:
2437:
2433:
2427:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2404:: 18, 21, 22.
2403:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2369:
2368:
2367:de Volkskrant
2363:
2357:
2350:
2344:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2317:
2308:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2284:
2278:
2271:
2265:
2258:
2252:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2227:
2217:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2171:
2148:
2137:
2127:
2122:
2120:
2114:
2105:
2104:
2096:
2094:
2089:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2023:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2000:Clay Frisian
1997:Wood Frisian
1992:
1989:
1987:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1739:Clay Frisian
1736:Wood Frisian
1733:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1716:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1534:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1455:are cognate.
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1422:
1416:
1413:
1407:
1406:Súdwesthoeksk
1398:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1319:West Frisian
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1293:
1290:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1243:
1233:
1227:
1224:
1214:
1210:
1209:North Frisian
1205:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1170:
1160:
1155:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1140:
1139:
1132:
1131:
1124:
1123:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1072:
1065:
1060:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1012:
1006:
1003:
997:
991:
986:
974:
972:
968:
958:
955:
954:Súdwesthoeksk
948:
945:
940:
936:
932:
927:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
904:
902:
897:
892:
881:
865:
862:as such. The
861:
856:
851:
832:
830:
825:
819:
814:
811:, whereas in
809:
803:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
748:
747:West Germanic
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
725:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
693:In the early
681:
679:
675:
670:
665:
659:
653:
648:
644:
640:
639:North Frisian
636:
632:
628:
618:
616:
612:
608:
604:
599:
597:
593:
589:
584:
579:
575:
570:
564:
560:
556:
551:
545:
541:
537:
533:
526:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
485:
479:
473:
470:
461:
456:
449:
444:
440:
436:
434:
430:
427:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
408:
407:
402:
398:
394:
391:
386:
381:
376:
373:
368:
363:
358:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
333:
329:
324:
321:
320:
319:
316:
310:
305:
302:
299:
295:
289:
269:
266:
265:
264:
263:Terschellings
260:
259:
258:
255:
254:
253:
250:
249:
248:
247:Anglo-Frisian
245:
244:
243:
240:
239:
238:
237:West Germanic
235:
234:
233:
230:
229:
228:
227:Indo-European
224:
220:
214:
210:
204:
201:
200:West Frisians
198:
194:
191:
188:
184:
181:
178:
174:
170:
164:
160:
158:Pronunciation
156:
152:
146:
141:
136:
131:
128:
120:
117:
109:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
5596:
5480:Verner's law
5425:
5420:Gotho-Nordic
5418:
5411:
5332:
5325:
5317:
5311:
5301:
5286:Fårö Gutnish
5248:
5241:
5147:
5140:
5131:
5124:
5105:
5098:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5009:
5002:
4942:
4844:Swiss German
4808:Upper German
4741:Amana German
4715:Volga German
4684:Hunsrückisch
4610:
4564:Unserdeutsch
4559:Berlinerisch
4492:
4485:
4478:
4471:
4431:Cover groups
4387:Mohawk Dutch
4382:Jersey Dutch
4360:East Flemish
4343:West Flemish
4287:Middle Dutch
4241:Low Prussian
4113:
4106:
4072:Terschelling
4056:Clay Frisian
4051:
4031:West Frisian
4019:Wiedingharde
4011:
3999:
3959:Heligolandic
3936:
3911:
3904:
3897:
3892:
3875:East Frisian
3862:
3855:
3828:Middle Scots
3826:
3819:
3805:
3798:
3791:
3786:
3775:
3768:
3761:
3754:
3597:West Frisian
3596:
3411:West Flemish
3397:East Flemish
3246:Non-official
3232:West Frisian
3231:
3149:
3086:Heligolandic
3069:
3054:Wiedingharde
3039:
2993:
2986:
2979:
2949:East Frisian
2922:Clay Frisian
2917:
2904:Westlauwers–
2890:Hindeloopens
2882:West Frisian
2869:
2862:
2810:
2798:of Knowledge
2793:
2776:
2764:from Commons
2759:
2742:
2721:
2679:
2669:
2663:"Leeuwarden"
2654:
2631:
2611:
2597:
2567:
2561:
2553:
2548:
2536:
2526:
2514:. Retrieved
2510:
2501:
2489:. Retrieved
2485:
2476:
2464:. Retrieved
2460:
2451:
2439:. Retrieved
2435:
2426:
2410:
2401:
2397:
2384:
2374:14 September
2372:. Retrieved
2365:
2356:
2343:
2326:
2316:
2307:
2290:
2282:
2277:
2269:
2264:
2256:
2251:
2238:
2235:West Frisian
2230:
2131:
2116:
2093:IJ (digraph)
2090:
2075:
2064:
1983:
1874:weak (soft)
1720:phonological
1717:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1595:("we"), and
1564:
1540:
1521:Of the two,
1520:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1426:
1417:
1402:
1384:
1354:
1348:
1311:Old English
1270:
1228:
1218:
1181:
1156:
1105:
1101:
1090:
1075:
1068:
1041:
1038:
1015:
1007:
993:), De Wilp (
975:
964:
949:
928:
905:
887:
833:
796:
792:
788:
784:
770:
760:
750:
729:
724:Frisia Magna
692:
633:, including
631:East Frisian
624:
600:
535:
534:, or simply
532:West Frisian
531:
530:
481:
433:Linguasphere
426:West Frisian
404:
301:West Frisian
268:West Frisian
267:
261:Westlauwers–
257:West Frisian
133:West Frisian
127:
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
5495:Kluge's law
5475:Grimm's law
5258:Dalecarlian
5237:Perkerdansk
5210:East Danish
5028:Old Gutnish
5004:Proto-Norse
4944:Langobardic
4936:Vogtlandian
4764:Upper Saxon
4618:Lachoudisch
4579:Lotegorisch
4457:High German
4203:Westphalian
4198:Eastphalian
4162:Achterhooks
4039:Hindeloopen
3974:Bökingharde
3943:Föhr–Amrum
3857:Old Frisian
3821:Early Scots
3756:Old English
3535:Achterhoeks
3528:Westphalian
3480:High German
3283:Minangkabau
2864:Old Frisian
2744:Definitions
2655:Taalportaal
2516:14 February
2491:14 February
2466:25 February
2441:14 February
2055:Orthography
2021:mychhimmel
1500:("we") and
1445:North Weald
1421:Noardhoeksk
1277:Old English
1261:Low Germans
1122:Dantumadiel
1097:Netherlands
1064:Hindeloopen
971:Netherlands
878: 1820
871: 1550
846: 1550
839: 1150
739:Middle Ages
735:Old English
731:Old Frisian
695:Middle Ages
689:Old Frisian
607:Old English
588:Netherlands
525:Netherlands
496:instead of
318:Netherlands
180:Netherlands
5629:Categories
5327:Burgundian
5243:Old Danish
5232:Gøtudanskt
5215:Bornholmsk
5077:Vestlandsk
5057:Kebabnorsk
4794:Halcnovian
4759:Thuringian
4422:Limburgish
4392:Stadsfries
4365:Brabantian
4092:Low German
3938:Eiderstedt
3793:Fingallian
3592:Papiamento
3506:Low German
3501:Limburgish
3451:Champenois
3425:Stadsfries
3374:Brabantian
3273:Limburgish
3263:Indonesian
3237:Papiamento
3223:(national)
3071:Eiderstedt
2981:Wangerooge
2778:Phrasebook
2240:Ethnologue
2222:References
2134:March 2015
2067:circumflex
2042:sow (pig)
1543:morphology
1530:Klaaifrysk
1482:("thee"),
1461:Klaaifrysk
1430:Klaaifrysk
1253:shibboleth
1188:cloze test
1178:With Dutch
1152:Heerenveen
1071:Leeuwarden
1009:reclaimed
860:literature
829:Low German
743:Ingvaeonic
641:spoken in
76:newspapers
5607:varieties
5599:indicate
5413:Northwest
5358:Philology
5263:Elfdalian
5198:Jutlandic
5120:Icelandic
5095:(written)
5089:(written)
5067:Trøndersk
5047:Norwegian
5011:Old Norse
4832:Coloniero
4816:Alemannic
4789:Wymysorys
4657:Colognian
4652:Ripuarian
4574:Rotwelsch
4404:Midslands
4355:Zeelandic
4336:Hollandic
4310:Afrikaans
4282:Old Dutch
4108:Old Saxon
4007:Karrharde
3989:Goesharde
3970:Mainland
3703:philology
3493:Ripuarian
3418:Zeelandic
3388:Hollandic
3288:Ripuarian
3278:Low Saxon
3152:indicate
3125:Midslands
3035:Karrharde
3030:Goesharde
2964:Saterland
2538:Glottolog
2335:0028-7504
2099:Phonology
2073:accents.
2026:eamelder
2019:mychammel
2008:saterdei
2005:Saturday
1577:("you"),
1524:Wâldfrysk
1467:Wâldfrysk
1458:Although
1441:The Weald
1436:Wâldfrysk
1355:Glottolog
1295:Language
1192:Afrikaans
1109:Friesland
1093:Friesland
1086:Groningen
1082:Friesland
1011:Flevoland
985:Groningen
967:Friesland
891:Friesland
815:they are
715:North Sea
678:Groningen
658:Westfries
611:Heptarchy
578:Friesland
406:Glottolog
390:ISO 639-3
372:ISO 639-2
354:ISO 639-1
323:Friesland
196:Ethnicity
190:Friesland
106:July 2019
5334:Vandalic
5277:Gutnish
5082:Vikværsk
5062:Sognamål
5052:Bergensk
4902:Cimbrian
4870:Bavarian
4827:Alsatian
4774:Lusatian
4710:Palatine
4400:Amelands
4277:Frankish
4167:Sallaans
4149:Gronings
4000:Southern
3993:Northern
3984:Halligen
3933:Insular
3750:dialects
3549:Sallands
3519:Gronings
3268:Javanese
3253:Ambonese
3214:Official
3121:Gronings
3111:Amelands
3047:Halligen
3018:Mainland
2706:and for
2461:Omniglot
2196:Frisians
2175:See also
1994:English
1728:English
1583:("he"),
1571:("me"),
1488:("he"),
1476:("me"),
1303:English
961:Speakers
944:Boalsert
939:Bolsward
918:). When
908:Habsburg
866:period (
572:), is a
502:Help:IPA
439:52-ACA-b
413:west2354
232:Germanic
5597:Italics
5220:Scanian
5166:Swedish
5115:Faroese
5093:Nynorsk
5072:Valdris
4907:Mòcheno
4863:Swabian
4729:Hessian
4689:Hunsrik
4601:Western
4596:Eastern
4591:Yiddish
4541:creoles
4438:Bergish
4154:Drèents
4144:Tweants
3996:Central
3978:Mooring
3841:Frisian
3800:Kildare
3745:English
3563:Tweants
3542:Drèents
3472:Walloon
3458:Lorrain
3433:English
3357:Benelux
3298:Yiddish
3227:English
3150:Italics
3063:Insular
2988:Wursten
2164:Grammar
2031:fleece
1986:lexical
1926:cherry
1867:kreakje
1555:lexicon
1273:English
1241:example
1159:ISO 639
1157:Within
1115:Fryslân
1048:extinct
996:De Wylp
924:Holland
896:Fryslân
808:tsjerke
779:): see
741:by the
711:Germany
703:Belgium
684:History
674:Lauwers
643:Germany
603:English
583:Fryslân
566:, also
536:Frisian
498:Unicode
252:Frisian
138:Frisian
90:scholar
5313:Gothic
5183:Danish
5087:Bokmål
4586:Yenish
4396:Bildts
4179:Veluws
4174:Urkers
4013:Strand
3737:Anglic
3577:Veluws
3570:Urkers
3465:Picard
3438:French
3293:Romani
3258:Arabic
3134:Bildts
3041:Strand
2699:Curlie
2639:
2619:
2574:
2418:
2333:
2298:
2181:Frisia
2085:stykje
2079:stikje
2037:flues
2011:sneon
1900:grass
1860:krêkje
1853:kraken
1848:crack
1841:neaken
1822:naked
1796:thumb
1718:Other
1687:, and
1675:, and
1661:, and
1645:, and
1621:, and
1547:syntax
1331:Dutch
1279:, and
1054:Status
1044:UNESCO
990:Mearum
935:cantor
797:church
793:cheese
719:Frisia
699:Bruges
637:, and
469:UNESCO
186:Region
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
5427:South
5378:North
4988:North
4972:North
4314:Kaaps
4305:Dutch
3952:Amrum
3893:Weser
3815:Scots
3368:Dutch
3221:Dutch
3081:Amrum
2973:Weser
2761:Media
2708:"fri"
2666:(PDF)
2602:(PDF)
2511:OHCHR
2486:OHCHR
2436:OHCHR
2394:(PDF)
2071:acute
2048:sûch
2034:flij
2024:eamel
1984:Some
1952:calf
1938:kjers
1912:gjers
1834:nêken
1827:naakt
1815:tomme
1775:pruim
1770:plum
1732:Dutch
1453:weald
1298:Text
1281:Dutch
1257:Dutch
1251:as a
1078:Dutch
855:runic
813:Dutch
802:tsiis
771:goose
769:) or
721:" or
707:Weser
652:Fries
559:Fries
555:Dutch
540:Frysk
145:Frysk
97:JSTOR
83:books
5388:West
5383:East
5303:East
5159:East
5149:Norn
5040:West
4976:East
4974:and
4539:and
4534:Non-
3964:Sylt
3947:Föhr
3882:Ems
3807:Yola
3716:West
3091:Sylt
3077:Föhr
2812:Data
2637:ISBN
2617:ISBN
2572:ISBN
2518:2023
2493:2023
2468:2023
2443:2023
2416:ISBN
2376:2010
2347:see
2331:ISSN
2296:ISBN
2124:See
2082:and
2045:mot
2016:ant
1964:kjel
1957:kalf
1945:kers
1931:kers
1919:gers
1905:gras
1893:weak
1879:week
1808:tûme
1801:duim
1789:prom
1782:prûm
1709:and
1697:and
1512:and
1464:and
1451:and
1449:wald
1443:and
1418:The
1403:The
1259:and
1182:The
1165:and
1032:and
824:kerk
821:and
818:kaas
805:and
795:and
776:goes
766:sêft
761:soft
621:Name
69:news
2957:Ems
2697:at
2540:4.3
2237:at
2069:or
1971:kel
1886:wêk
1749:jij
1712:aai
1677:aai
1664:aai
1647:bij
1643:wij
1639:sij
1635:hij
1631:dij
1627:mij
1545:or
1515:aai
1235:" (
1226:".
1167:fry
1005:).
799:is
759:),
629:of
547:or
484:IPA
421:ELP
397:fry
380:fry
52:by
5631::
2653:,
2535:.
2509:.
2484:.
2459:.
2434:.
2402:22
2400:.
2396:.
2329:.
2325:.
1763:do
1756:dû
1715:.
1706:ei
1700:ij
1694:ei
1689:ôi
1685:òi
1683:,
1681:ôi
1673:ai
1671:,
1669:ij
1658:ai
1655:,
1652:ei
1641:,
1637:,
1633:,
1629:,
1623:bi
1619:wi
1617:,
1615:si
1613:,
1611:hi
1609:,
1607:di
1605:,
1603:mi
1598:by
1592:wy
1586:sy
1580:hy
1574:dy
1568:my
1557:.
1518:.
1509:ei
1503:by
1497:wy
1491:sy
1485:hy
1479:dy
1473:my
1283:.
1275:,
1263:.
1163:fy
1142:,
1134:,
1126:,
1099:.
1036:.
1028:,
1024:,
1013:.
978:c.
875:c.
873:–
868:c.
848:)
843:c.
841:–
836:c.
789:ch
756:ús
751:us
680:.
598:.
557::
553:;
362:fy
166:,
5322:)
5316:(
4402:/
4398:/
4394:/
4316:)
4312:(
3685:e
3678:t
3671:v
3348:e
3341:t
3334:v
3199:e
3192:t
3185:v
3079:–
2844:e
2837:t
2830:v
2730::
2580:.
2542:.
2520:.
2495:.
2470:.
2445:.
2378:.
2337:.
2302:.
2259:.
2136:)
2132:(
2121:.
1396:)
1215:.
941:(
893:(
785:k
773:(
763:(
753:(
580:(
527:.
504:.
119:)
113:(
108:)
104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
46:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
