White Horse Temple

2101: 438: 1416: 1914: 1527:

and Buddha image of the westerners in the hall of seven gems on the west. He then ordered that the objects be thrown into the fire, and whichever documents survived the fire then that religion would receive his patronage. The Taoists expected that their texts would survive. This did not happen as all the texts of Taoists were burnt and that of the Buddhists from the west survived. With this test, the Emperor was convinced of the Buddhist religion. He with all his entourage of ministers and kinsmen embraced Buddhism. He built several temples, which included 'Pai-masai', the White Horse Temple and three convents for nuns.

1771: 43: 2161: 1975:, known in China as the laughing Buddha, is the main deity located in the hall's front. This statue is flanked on the eastern and western sides by four heavenly kings, each representing one fourth of the universe. The eastern side is ruled by Chigua (guardian of the State) carrying a Pipa, the western side is controlled by Guangmu (Sharp-seer) with a dragon in his hand, the southern direction is represented by Zengzhang (Growth Protector), carrying an umbrella and the northern direction is represented by Duowen (Knowledge Preserver), carrying a 1922: 5750: 1603: 1860: 1495: 1875:(archway), a three-door covered archway, has been recently built, 150 metres (490 ft) in front of the original gate. The stone horses at the front of the temple are in the Ming architectural style, representing the white horses which carried the scriptures and the Indian monks to China. Between the archway and gate lies a pool with fountains, crossed by three stone bridges. The two horses at the entrance gate facing each other are made of green stone dated to the 622: 6204: 103: 587: 2175: 1910:. In addition, a total of 5,050 wood-carved Buddha statues, made with incense ash, are enshrined on both sides of the pavilion. The terrace also has the Kunlu Pavilion with halls on its east and west that house the statues of the two eminent monks, She Moteng and Zhu Falan. They were buried inside the temple gate after they died here; the Bell Tower and the Drum Tower, in front of their tombs, were once prominent sights of Luo Yang City. 578: 1845: 1953:. The names of the founders as displayed in the order of their succession: Bodidharma, the first founder who hailed from ancient India where he was the 28th generation patriarch preaching the Buddhist philosophy; the second was Huike; the third founder was Sengcan; the fourth was Daoxn, the fifth founder was Hongren; and the sixth was Huineng. Subsequent to Huineng, five schools of Buddhism and Seven Orders were established. 1612: 1504: 1203: 2010: 2189: 1779: 1407: 6216: 1697: 110: 1447:

interpreted this vision as that of the divine person known as Buddha who was born in a place to the west of China in India. Emperor Mingdi forthwith selected emissaries named Taai Yin, Tain King, Wangtrun and others, in all 18 people, to go toward the west to India in search of the religion practiced by Buddha. After travelling through several countries bordering India such as Getse and

1306:), which was translated by Matanga. This was the first Buddhist sutra in Chinese and has the pride of place in the history of Chinese Buddhism. Gobharana translated the 'Dasa Bhumi' or the 'Ten stages of Perfection', apart from five others. The temple then increased in importance as Buddhism grew within China and spread to 1886:) and signposts are seen, which guide the visitors and pilgrims through the halls. The plaques briefly explain the statues in each hall. The halls are discerned in the inscriptions on the plaques, include the 'Hall of Greetings', 'Hall of Six Founders’, 'Hall of jade Buddha', the 'Hall of Heavenly Kings', Hall of 1811:

consecrated in the new temple, in conformity with the Indian Buddhist tradition. It is worth noticing that this temple was built on land donated by the Chinese government. The shrine is a two-storied structure with circular walls on both floors. Its circular walls are embellished with murals of scenes from the

2075:

The living quarters of the monks are in an exclusive pagoda, with restricted entry, called the "Qiyun Ta," or Qiyun Pagoda. It is approachable after crossing the manicured garden and a bridge to the left of the main temple. This pagoda was built in the 12th century in the fifteenth year of the Dading

1929:

In the courtyard, large burners are kept for worshipers to light incense sticks, creating a pungent odour. In the Main hall and other halls where images are worshiped, the altars are filled with fruit and other offerings made by the devotees. Multicoloured tapestry hang from the ceilings of the halls

1754:

were secretly shifted to the temple, and the White Horse Temple was fully restored. The newly restored temple impressed the Cambodians, who were oblivious to the events that had gutted the temple. The shift of artefacts to this temple was announced as permanent by Premier Zhou Enlai when the original

1526:

priests protested and wanted the Emperor to test the merits of both parties. The Emperor agreed and convened a meeting at the southern gate of the White Horse Temple. He ordered that the sacred texts and religious paraphernalia of the Taoists be placed on the eastern gate and the sacred texts, relics

2091:

Although the temple is open to the public, visitors are closely monitored for security purposes. While the chief abbot stays informed about the country's political situation through a TV installed in his room, monks dwelling in this facility are required to carry an identification card at all times.

1397:

from the west which lit the whole space. The astrologers of his court predicted that a saint was born in that quarter of the world where he saw the bright halo light. It was also prophesied that the religion practised by the saintly person, would spread to China. This was recorded by the king in his

414:

and stone statues of the two white horses which brought the Indian monks to China and two mythical lions at the entrance. Under international funding, the temple has undergone many changes, both structurally and internally. The most recent cooperative project, with India, was completed in 2008 when

1319:

The temple's story begins with the dream of Emperor Mingdi and his establishing the temple in 68 AD honouring the two Indian monks and the white horses that brought them to China with Buddhist scriptures. The two monks translated many scriptures while living in the temple, which was named as White

1802:

To enhance the Buddhist cultural links between India and China, a memorandum of understanding (MOU) was signed on 11 April 2005. It stipulated that India would build an Indian-style Buddhist temple to the west side of the White Horse Temple, in the International Garden of the complex. Under this

1446:

shining behind his back came near his throne from the heavens and then circled his palace. This incident was correlated with the ancient recorded version and the events were interpreted to mean that the period prophesied in the past, of Buddhism coming to China, was now. History chronicler Fu Hi

1687:

Between the 13th century and the 20th century, the temple underwent restoration/renovation under the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) and the Qing dynasty (1644–1911). Significant restoration took place in the 16th century and some buildings date to this period, although some have since been renovated.

563:

near the town of Zhangla (: 32.50° N, 103.40° E) and there are still people calling themselves the 'White Horse Di' living there. It is possible, but unprovable, that the name Baima derived from some of these peoples, who may have been influenced by Buddhism at an early period, rather than from

1893:

In addition, the 'Cool and Clear Terrace' known as the 'Qingliang Terrace' is behind the main hall, the place where the original sutras were translated. This terrace is amidst bamboo forest of old pine trees and has halls which are interconnected. Four sides of the terrace are piled with green

1933:

The smallest hall is known as the “Hall of greetings”. It is a relatively new building that was built during the 9th year of Guangho period as replacement to the original hall which was burned down at the beginning of the Tonghzi period. This hall has deified statues of three western paradise

1810:

was completed in 2008. Its presence in the precincts of China's first temple was inspired by Buddhist saints from India. The architectural features of the new temple closely recreate those of Sanchi's Stupa, including Sanchi's east gate. An image of the Buddha was transported from India and

372:. It is approximately 40 minutes by bus No. 56 from Luoyang railway station. The temple, although small in comparison to many others in China, is considered by most believers as "the cradle of Chinese Buddhism". The geographical landmarks to the south are Manghan mountain and Lucoche River. 1803:

agreement, India was to provide the architectural design, material for construction, the Buddha statue, landscaping and technical advice from architects and experts during construction. Chinese authorities were to allot a piece of land of 2,666.67 square metres (28,703.8 sq ft).

1667:

In 1175, an inscription on a stone tablet next to Qilun Pagoda—a 35 metres (115 ft) tall, multi-eaved square-based tower to the southeast of the White Horse Temple—stated that a fire occurred five decades previously and destroyed the temple and the Sakya Tathagata sarira

1365:. 547 CE), that, after his dream, Emperor Ming ordered that statues of the Buddha be erected at the yang Gate (Opening to the Morning Sun Gate) of the Southern Palace and on near the yeh Terrace (The Eternal Night Terrace). He, however, makes no mention of the temple. 1482:— statues of Buddha, portraits and sacred relics. They reached Lou Yang where they were put up in a temple. The king met them in 67 CE, with due reverence and was pleased with the presents the monks had brought for him. It was the 30th day in the 12th month of 535:

as there were other early temples in different centres with the same name. The monk Zhidun (or Chih Tun) (314–366), who was a famous propagator of Buddhism in the southern capital is recorded as having discussions with Fenghui at the Baima si (Pai ma) monastery in

1530:

Now that there are many contradictory versions of this story, most modern scholars accept it as a Buddhist fable and not a valid historical event. The White Horse Temple is not recorded in contemporary sources before 289. However, there is a Poma si mentioned in

1663:

of the White Horse Temple until his death. During his stay, apart from his teaching duties and other religious activities at the temple, he translated many Buddhist scriptures that he had brought from India, skillfully rendering Sanskrit into Chinese.

1815:

and the life of Buddha. The temple was executed in close co-ordination with the Indian design experts selected for the project, and Architects Akshaya Jain & Kshitij Jain made several visits to the site in relation with their work as consultants.

1262:

and persuaded them to join them and return to China, bringing their book of Buddhist scriptures, relics and statues of Buddha with them on two white horses. Pleased with their arrival in China, the king built a temple in their honour and named it the

1552:, to remember the horse that carried back the sutras. After the death of the Emperor a meditation hall was built on his tomb. In front of the stupa luxuriant pomegranate and grape vines were grown which were said to be larger than those elsewhere. 1486:. The Emperor was particularly happy with the Buddha image which had striking similarity to the one he had seen in his dream vision. At this time, the monks performed some miracles, which further strengthened the belief of the Emperor in Buddhism. 1478:) and Bharana Pandita from South India. They accepted the invitation of the emissaries to go to China. They then proceeded to China on two white horses accompanied by the emissaries. They carried with them a few sacred texts of sutras — the 1345:"Tradition is that Emperor Ming dreamt that he saw a tall golden man the top of whose head was glowing. He questioned his group of advisers and one of them said: "In the West there is a god called Buddha. His body is sixteen 1730:. He was permitted to visit parts of the country on a tour for propaganda purposes, to show to the outside world that all was normal within China. As an ardent Buddhist, Sihanouk expressed a wish to Premier 5780: 3237: 2137:) is an important flower festival, which is held in Luoyang every year on April 10–25 and which attracts large crowds to the city and the White Horse Temple. The legend linked to this festival is that 1894:

bricks. The central building of the terrace is the Vairocana Pavilion, which was originally constructed during the Han dynasty. The present building dates back to the Ming dynasty and was built with a

2100: 1659:, who spent 16 years on a pilgrimage to India (630–635 CE) as a result of his desire to visit the Buddha's homeland, started his pilgrimage from this temple. On his return, Xuanzang remained the 555:. To further complicate the search for the origin of the name, there were peoples known as the 'White Horse Qiang' and 'Di' who lived in the 'White Horse Valley' on the upper reaches of the 1867:

The temple faces south and is aligned along a central axis starting from the entrance gate followed by several halls and courtyards in succession. The temple compound covers an area of 200

5969: 1320:

Horse Temple. They died in the temple precincts and are buried in the first courtyard of the temple. Following the establishment of the temple, 1000 monks lived here practicing Buddhism.

1968:. This elegantly sculpted and cherished statue has a precious stone embedded in its forehead. Before it was shifted to this temple in 1992, it had been stored in the Pilu pavilion. 1296:

or Gobharana, translated the Buddhist classics at the Baimai Temple at Luo Yang, which was then the nation’s capital. They translated many scriptures, the notable of these was the

5872: 3230: 6277: 6267: 4719: 1738:

and items were missing. Post haste, 2900 artefacts, which were in other palaces and museums in China, such as the Palace of Benevolent Tranquillity on the western side of the

1349:

tall , and is the colour of gold." That is why the Emperor sent envoys to Tianzhu to inquire about the Buddha’s doctrine, after which paintings and statues appeared in the

5800: 2006:

and was replicated in bronze into two 97 centimetres (38 in) tall statues and then gilded. One of these is deified in the library and the other was sent to Thailand.

5867: 516:) to be used in the temple's name, as a display of respect. This character had been used to denote the ministries of the government. In later periods, all temples, even 2909: 6242: 3223: 2965: 1271:, as an appreciation of the white horses that had carried the monks. The monks resided at the new temple and here they translated the Buddhist scriptures into the 2983:: Official plaque at the entrance to the repository of ancient scriptures in the White Horse Temple displayed by the Chinese administration of the temple complex 520:, came to use this character in their name and it was dropped from the names of government ministries. As a result, the temple's name is sometimes translated as 6014: 595:

Left: A white horse in an enclosure at the entrance to the White Horse Temple. Right: Horse that brought saints and scriptures to the location at the entrance

1376:

on a white horse. The Sutra was received by the Emperor and housed in a temple built outside the walls of Luo Yang. It was China's first Buddhist temple.

4752: 133: 5075: 4853: 3246: 2518: 1831:, inaugurated this temple on May 27, 2010. The new temple incorporates features from the most revered Indian Buddhist shrines of Sanchi and Sarnath. 3013:

Wan qing min guo shi qi zhong guo ming sheng gu ji tu ji. 12: Di shi er juan: he bei / chang pan da ding, guan ye zhen zhu ; zhou guo qiang yi

5785: 5495: 2391: 1555:

Buddhism evolved in China after arriving from India, as a blend of Chinese beliefs and needs, particularly in respect of its folk heritage. It is

2080:. It is a 13 tiered, 25 metres (82 ft)), high cubic shaped brick tower. It has been renovated in subsequent periods. The tomb of the famous 2068:, near the altar, which is struck in time during the chanting of prayers by the monks. A community of ten thousand monks resided here during the 1998:

and so forth. An ancient Buddha statue of China is installed at the centre of the repository. The making of this Buddha statue is traced to the

3036: 2968:: Official plaque at the entrance to the Hall of Malia in the White Horse Temple, displayed by the Chinese administration of the temple complex 684: 1986:

The Hall of Changing Ge, built in 1995, is a repository of ancient scriptures, which has more than ten types of Buddhist texts, including the

1386:

The legends related to this temple have direct link to the emergence and spread of Buddhism in China. Two visions are stated in this context.

387:. It has numerous halls divided by courtyards and manicured gardens, covering an area of about 13 hectares (32 acres). The display plaques in 5795: 2145:

to bloom during winter and she became enraged that it did not obey her command. As a result, she ordered that peony flowers be banished from

2045:. The walls on both sides are adorned with carvings of ten thousand Buddhists. A statue of Jialan is installed facing north of the backdoor. 1542:

It is said that the next year, the Emperor ordered the construction of the White Horse Temple on the south side of the Imperial Drive three

6282: 6257: 5790: 2072:. The inscription on the bell reads: "The sound of the Bell resounds in Buddha's temple causing the ghosts in Hell to tremble with fear." 5862: 2941: 6059: 5857: 2953: 1734:

to visit the White Horse Temple. This put the administration into a frenzy, since many parts of the temple had been damaged during the

58: 2060:. There is a very large bell weighing more than 1 tonne (a figure of 2.5 tonnes is also mentioned), installed during the reign of the 4816: 1853:

Left: Entrance arch with mythical lions. A small tower in front of the main temple to light incense. Right: The main temple roof line

1820: 1782: 1648:), active ca. 266–308 CE, came to Luoyang in 266 and resided at the White Horse Temple from at least the spring of 289 to 290 CE. 4745: 2485: 6252: 5946: 4772: 3057: 2944:: Official plaque of Hall of Six Founders in the White Horse Temple erected by the Chinese administration of the temple complex 2932:: Official plaque at the Hall of Greeting in the White Horse Temple erected by the Chinese administration of the temple complex 2576: 2956:: Official plaque of Hall of Jade Buddha in the White Horse Temple erected by the Chinese administration of the temple complex 3160: 3145: 3130: 3020: 2929: 2884: 2874: 2851: 2788: 2705: 2317: 1711:

Under the People's Republic of China, the temple has seen many renovations in the period between 1952 and 1973 following the

2570: 2452: 6272: 6247: 1788:

The symbolic importance of the temple for the ancient cultural relations between China and India was demonstrated when the

437: 1357:

There are differing accounts explaining how the temple was established. Yang Hsüan-chih says in the preface to his book,

445:

On arrival of the two monks from India, they were housed in the temple. This temple was called the "White Horse Temple" (

4738: 4714: 1233: 679: 636: 364:

The site is just outside the walls of the ancient Eastern Han capital, some 12–13 kilometres (7.5–8.1 mi) east of

1726:

visited the temple. Cambodia was a communist ally of China and Prince Sihanouk was staying in a palatial residence in

6159: 5622: 3197: 3107: 3069: 2748: 2584: 2495: 2462: 2281: 2251: 1438:. In 60 CE, on an auspicious day, the Emperor had a vision (dream) of a saintly person of golden complexion with the 3174:, X (1901), pp. 95–130 + Correspondence from M. le Commandant Harfeld and reply from Maspero, pp. 282–283. 2523: 5898: 5435: 1620:

Left: A receptacle to burn incense in front of the main temple. Right: An incense burner just inside the entrance

2271: 391:

and English give ample descriptions of the Buddhist deities installed in the halls. Significant statues include

6077: 5510: 4337: 3441: 3138:

Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, 1st to 2nd Centuries CE

1631: 454: 329: 203: 102: 6082: 4995: 4985: 4796: 3938: 3933: 1949:

The founders of the temple whose statues are worshiped in the ‘Hall of Six Founders’ belonged to the sect of

1715:. The Cultural Revolution had left the temple ravaged and emptied of relics, with many buildings burnt down. 1162: 857: 446: 217: 1415: 5903: 5500: 1971:

The first large hall in the temple complex is known as "The Hall of Heavenly Kings," where a statue of the

1107: 882: 842: 126: 20: 2121:, which was made in the 6th century, was stolen and lost to the United States, now it is preserved at the 1314:. The introduction of Buddhism in China was a significant influence on Chinese morals, thought and ethics. 6006: 5515: 4965: 4516: 3928: 3679: 3461: 2122: 2077: 2057: 1913: 1907: 1673: 1373: 1297: 2395: 6262: 5939: 5913: 5908: 5505: 5295: 4511: 4369: 4364: 4342: 4153: 4144: 4090: 3798: 3693: 3665: 3505: 3322: 3288: 2207: 1393:. The Emperor saw, in the southwestern region of China, a very bright light in the sky, like a halo or 2740: 2552: 5260: 5255: 5015: 4439: 4382: 4373: 4355: 4135: 4116: 4023: 3532: 3528: 3375: 3292: 1434:

The second vision happened at Luo Yang during the reign of Mingdi, the second emperor of the Eastern

1350: 982: 3215: 792: 5300: 5235: 5153: 4661: 4601: 4443: 4251: 4108: 4068: 4046: 4027: 3683: 3501: 3280: 1983:(a high ranking heavenly general and defender of Buddhist law) at the rear of the Maitreya statue. 987: 937: 5749: 5158: 2815: 6072: 5893: 5888: 5455: 4665: 4557: 4479: 4296: 4037: 3918: 3857: 1789: 1770: 1762:

and Chinese donors, the Hall of the Thai Buddha was constructed slightly west of the old temple.

1147: 3061: 3051: 383:(1644 to 1912) dynasties. They were refurbished in the 1950s, and again in March 1973 after the 42: 6220: 5460: 5390: 5335: 5245: 5085: 4893: 4162: 4080: 4072: 3979: 3770: 3542: 3384: 3207:. 2nd Edition (reprint with additions and corrections). Leiden. E. J. Brill. Firs Edition 1952. 1747: 1226: 962: 947: 927: 852: 847: 762: 669: 2843: 2837: 2309: 2303: 2241: 5932: 5719: 5615: 5450: 5250: 5045: 3893: 3760: 3353: 3205:

The Buddhist Conquest of China: The Spread and Adaptation of Buddhism in Early Medieval China

1167: 1157: 1112: 5841: 5714: 5490: 5035: 4697: 2780: 2774: 2355: 1796: 1246:

Here are several forms of the legends relating to the foundation and naming of the temple:

1177: 1137: 1132: 1097: 942: 822: 730: 715: 659: 631: 175: 2428: 8: 5663: 4521: 4176: 2697: 2691: 2194: 1735: 1712: 1590: 1398:

royal register. This year happened to be the year when Gautam Buddha was born in Nepal.

1255: 1187: 1142: 1080: 1020: 957: 902: 897: 652: 641: 556: 384: 354: 170: 2149:

to Luoyang. It is this banishment which is celebrated as the Peony Festival in Luoyang.

6105: 5430: 5340: 5148: 4620: 4396: 4288: 4099: 3655: 3611: 3607: 3595: 3030: 2048:

In the Main Hall, at the altar, there are three statues, the central statue is that of

1824: 1792: 1172: 1152: 1092: 1087: 975: 877: 870: 797: 787: 694: 307: 299: 2839:

Billions of entrepreneurs: how China and India are reshaping their futures - and yours

6100: 6024: 6019: 5991: 5668: 5585: 5480: 5440: 5360: 4645: 4641: 4605: 4206: 3599: 3193: 3156: 3141: 3126: 3103: 3065: 3016: 2880: 2847: 2784: 2744: 2701: 2580: 2491: 2458: 2313: 2277: 2247: 2049: 2034: 2002:. The statue was misplaced at the early 20th century. However, it was later found in 1980: 1556: 1219: 1117: 1102: 907: 782: 725: 689: 674: 605: 441:

Though destroyed several times in history, the present Qiyun Pagoda was built in 1175

269: 261: 1921: 6174: 6067: 5765: 5729: 5699: 5673: 5608: 5485: 5410: 5380: 5119: 4863: 4453: 4449: 4311: 4140: 3953: 3866: 3823: 3716: 3393: 3389: 3340: 3255: 2980: 2202: 1957: 1943: 1883: 1719: 1700: 1585: 1483: 1280: 1272: 1182: 1127: 1057: 1047: 912: 388: 240: 3192:. Translated by Yi-t'ung Wang. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. 6034: 5826: 5821: 5658: 5653: 5580: 5570: 5550: 5540: 5465: 5405: 5330: 5240: 5230: 5055: 4657: 4653: 4597: 4587: 4583: 4561: 4483: 4238: 4002: 3988: 3913: 3871: 3833: 3766: 3756: 3712: 3480: 3426: 3411: 3296: 2180: 2061: 2038: 1627: 1289: 1207: 1122: 922: 832: 777: 2041:

adorn the side of the hall. All the statues were made in ramie-cloth during the

1930:

and lighted candles float in the basins, presenting a divine spiritual setting.

1859: 772: 334: 6208: 6179: 6169: 5978: 5775: 5709: 5704: 5575: 5560: 5555: 5475: 5420: 5400: 5395: 5375: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5285: 5280: 5192: 5187: 5095: 4675: 4591: 4475: 4232: 4228: 4076: 4033: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3738: 3669: 3651: 3603: 3451: 3304: 2022: 1828: 1751: 1739: 1677: 1602: 1463: 1067: 997: 952: 810: 532: 472: 392: 369: 353:

temple in China, having been first established in 68 AD under the patronage of

2021:

enshrines the statues of three principal Buddhas. The central image is of the

1823:, and it has been consecrated in the temple's central congressional hall. The 502: 6236: 6184: 6133: 6120: 6044: 6029: 5836: 5831: 5805: 5734: 5678: 5565: 5545: 5535: 5425: 5385: 5365: 5355: 5345: 5290: 5270: 5197: 5173: 5133: 4975: 4843: 4833: 4821: 4671: 4649: 4351: 4346: 4306: 4273: 4112: 4086: 3923: 3884: 3742: 3706: 3702: 3647: 3633: 3446: 3431: 3416: 3300: 3284: 2026: 2018: 1950: 1513: 1475: 1259: 892: 887: 827: 560: 148: 135: 4730: 1898:

style roof with double eaves. The pavilion principally enshrines statues of

1516:

with a message near entrance to temple. Right: Gateway entry into the temple

1494: 1032: 837: 6039: 5525: 5470: 5370: 5265: 5202: 5182: 5025: 4493: 4417: 4301: 4277: 4126: 3948: 3905: 3875: 3637: 3552: 3436: 3344: 2166: 2142: 2081: 2069: 2065: 2042: 1876: 1812: 1681: 1656: 1390: 932: 817: 735: 621: 380: 376: 247: 1672:, a predecessor to the pagoda. The same inscription of 1175 stated that a 1428:

statue in the front hall. Right: Sakhyamuni Buddha statue in the main hall

1254:

who established Buddhism, two of Ming's emissaries departed to search for

375:

The main temple buildings, a large complex, were reconstructed during the

6110: 5724: 5445: 5415: 5350: 5305: 5275: 5005: 4903: 4526: 4242: 3793: 3788: 3780: 3752: 3564: 3403: 3263: 1999: 1680:

is built with the design style imitating the square-based pagodas of the

1532: 1435: 1293: 1288:

At the invitation of the Chinese Emperor Ming Di, two Indian monks named

1002: 541: 358: 2030: 403: 6164: 6049: 5520: 5065: 4503: 3943: 3578: 3538: 3456: 3102:. 3rd Edition. Lonely Planet Publications. Hawthorne, Vic., Australia. 1731: 1326: 1276: 1007: 767: 664: 337: 6092: 5996: 5986: 5965: 4435: 4427: 4333: 4325: 4149: 3661: 3524: 3245: 2085: 2053: 1903: 1899: 1868: 1560: 1544: 1052: 1027: 586: 545: 278: 1806:

Following the MOU, a Buddhist shrine that is a close replica of the

1795:

visited the temple in 1993. A decade later, in 2003, Prime Minister

1389:

The first vision was witnessed by Chow Wang, the fifth ruler of the

1275:. The Buddhist religion prospered from here and with the arrival of 6143: 6138: 4693: 4637: 4378: 4360: 4269: 4247: 4202: 4131: 4042: 4019: 3967: 3734: 3726: 3698: 3675: 3587: 3497: 3489: 3421: 2174: 2146: 2118: 2105: 2003: 1935: 1887: 1759: 1723: 1704: 1652: 1564: 1459: 1425: 1062: 1042: 1037: 917: 613: 577: 537: 350: 285: 63: 5600: 1844: 1778: 6128: 5632: 5138: 4955: 4934: 4924: 4806: 4685: 4629: 4579: 4553: 4545: 4531: 4471: 4463: 4413: 4405: 4193: 4011: 3984: 3880: 3829: 3689: 3629: 3621: 3371: 3349: 3314: 3272: 2009: 1965: 1939: 1872: 1727: 1611: 1549: 1503: 1471: 1455: 1394: 1369: 1311: 742: 423: 407: 365: 342: 78: 3015:. Translated by Zhou, Guoqiang (全本精装版, 第1版 ed.). Bei jing. 2910:"India to gift Sanchi Stupa replica and Sarnath Buddha to China" 2141:

flower did not follow the orders of the queen Empress Wu of the

5924: 5694: 5163: 5143: 4873: 4786: 4571: 4489: 4158: 4122: 4104: 4095: 4064: 4056: 3862: 3748: 3643: 3560: 3380: 3363: 1976: 1807: 1696: 1639: 1523: 1467: 1251: 1202: 757: 752: 747: 710: 517: 507: 462: 426: 416: 411: 395: 4720:

Template:Venerable Master of the Buddhist Association of China

2239: 2188: 1406: 5955: 4883: 4261: 4224: 4216: 4185: 3975: 3853: 3843: 3516: 3332: 2138: 1972: 1669: 1660: 1581: 1536: 1448: 1368:

The Emperor is said to have sent a monk or monks to India or

1307: 992: 419: 399: 346: 82: 3155:. Fourth Edition. Rough Guides, New York, London and Delhi. 1890:

and Hall of Changing Ge (repository of ancient scriptures).

1819:

The Buddha statue was designed following the pattern of the

1676:

official had the stone Qilun Pagoda erected soon after. The

1535:

in 266 and another of the same name at Jingcheng in central

1383:

by Sri Sarat Chandra give the following legendary versions:

3889: 2033:; these in turn are flanked by two heavenly generals named 1961: 1452: 1443: 2966:

File:Plaque at the hall of Malia in White Horse temple.jpg

2605:

Hill (2009), p. 31, and nn. 15.10 to 15.13 on pp. 363–366.

1956:

In the "Hall of the Jade Buddha," stands an image of the

1439: 1324:

According to 'The Chapter on the Western Regions' of the

304: 290: 2269: 1964:

was donated in 1988 by a Chinese man who had settled in

3151:

Leffman, David, Simon Lewis and Jeremy Atiyah. (2005).

6278:

Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Henan

6268:

Buildings and structures completed in the 1st century

5220: 567: 266: 252: 2156: 2013:

A tower in front of the main temple to light incense

1279:, another monk from South India in the 5th century, 2088:is also located in the eastern end of the complex. 1882:Entering the temple today, plaques (in English and 1765: 1559:practice, which is widely followed even though the 5118: 2557:Chapter on the Peoples of the West from the Weilũe 2240:Leffman, David; Simon Lewis; Jeremy Atiya (2003). 1960:. The 1.6 metres (5.2 ft) tall image made in 1938:, the founder, is at the centre and is flanked by 1871:(13 hectares (32 acres)) and faces south. A stone 6243:National Key Buddhist Temples in Han Chinese Area 4771: 3247:National Key Buddhist Temples in Han Chinese Area 2519:Ministry of Education Mandarin Chinese Dictionary 1584:monk, Po-Yen, translated six Buddhist texts into 6234: 5496:Standard Design for Buddhist Temple Construction 1258:. They encountered two Indian Buddhist monks in 1821:5th-century image of the Buddha kept at Sarnath 1359:A Record of the Buddhist Monasteries of Lo-yang 1341:, but was not compiled until the 5th century: 2025:Buddha. This statue is flanked on the left by 1774:Indian-style Buddhist Temple in Luoyang, China 1334:), which was based on a report to the Emperor 1250:Following Emperor Ming's dream vision about a 5940: 5616: 4760: 4746: 3231: 2270:Bao, Yuheng; Qing Tian; Letitia Lane (2004). 1626:The famous Indo-Scythian Buddhist translator 1301: 1227: 222: 208: 3181:. Translated and annotated by Paul Pelliot. 3010: 1755:owners wanted the artefacts to be returned. 564:literal white horse(s) carrying scriptures. 5863:Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology 3904: 3190:A Record of Buddhist Monasteries in Lo-yang 3168:Le songe et l’ambassade de le’empereur Ming 2942:File:Plaque at the Hall of Six Founders.jpg 349:that, according to tradition, is the first 5947: 5933: 5858:Henan University of Science and Technology 5623: 5609: 4753: 4739: 3779: 3402: 3238: 3224: 3035:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2954:File:Plaque at the hall of Jade Buddha.jpg 2737:The New Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 11 2490:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 41. 1234: 1220: 109: 41: 5781:Luoyang City Site of Sui and Tang Dynasty 4502: 4287: 3140:. BookSurge, Charleston, South Carolina. 2685: 2683: 2534:Zürcher (1972), pp. 8, 59, 107, 119, 129. 2386: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2223: 1783:Dharmachakra Pravartana Buddha at Sarnath 1548:outside the Hsi-yang Gate of the capital 2976: 2974: 2935: 2904: 2902: 2872: 2866: 2816:"White Horse Temple (Baima Si), Luoyang" 2810: 2808: 2806: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2457:. Kessinger Publishing. pp. 25–36. 2297: 2295: 2293: 2276:. Edwin Mellen Press. pp. 84, 172. 2099: 2008: 1920: 1912: 1858: 1777: 1769: 1695: 544:(317-420). There was also a Baima si at 540:(previously Jianye), the capital of the 500:Notably, the emperor ordered the suffix 436: 406:, the Jade Buddha, Bodhisattvas such as 3125:) 11th Revised Edition. Lonely Planet. 3011:Tokiwa, Daijō; Sekino, Tadashi (2019). 2483: 2477: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2342: 1588:at the temple, including the important 477: 6235: 2923: 2835: 2829: 2689: 2680: 2369: 2301: 2273:Buddhist Art and Architecture of China 2220: 1283:evolved, spreading to other countries. 306: 268: 5928: 5604: 5219: 5117: 4770: 4734: 3219: 2971: 2959: 2947: 2930:File:A plaque at hall of Greeting.jpg 2899: 2803: 2779:. Harvard University Press. pp. 2772: 2757: 2568: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2290: 2265: 2263: 2112: 1379:Other versions mentioned in the book 548:where Daoan and his disciples stayed 6215: 2632:Pelliot (1920b), pp. 395–396, n. 310 2339: 1979:. In addition, there is a statue of 6283:1st-century establishments in China 6258:Buildings and structures in Luoyang 5630: 3049: 3043: 2992:Leffman et al. (2005), pp. 298-299. 2696:. Hunter Publishing, Inc. pp. 2562: 2450: 497:means "shrine, temple, monastery". 13: 4715:Template:Chinese Buddhist Pantheon 2842:. Harvard Business Press. p. 2454:Indian Pandits in the Land of Snow 2433: 2260: 2095: 1381:Indian Pandits in the Land of Snow 685:Decline in the Indian subcontinent 680:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 568:Background, legends and importance 524:, a translation true to the time. 14: 6294: 6160:Gaocheng Astronomical Observatory 5221:Notable Buddhist temples in China 3211: 2128: 1691: 16:Buddhist temple in Luoyang, China 6214: 6203: 6202: 5954: 5748: 3053:Intercontinental's best of China 2187: 2173: 2159: 1843: 1766:India-China cultural cooperation 1758:In 1992, with the assistance of 1610: 1601: 1575: 1502: 1493: 1414: 1405: 1201: 620: 585: 576: 528:is the modern, literal reading. 402:(the laughing Buddha in China), 108: 101: 5899:Luoyang Longmen railway station 5688:Counties and county-level citys 5436:Pagoda Forest at Shaolin Temple 3088: 3004: 2995: 2986: 2729: 2720: 2671: 2662: 2653: 2644: 2635: 2626: 2617: 2608: 2599: 2546: 2537: 2528: 2510: 2451:Das, Sri Sarat Chandra (2004). 2394:. China Culture. Archived from 1834: 1742:and statues in the Arhat Hall ( 1651:Furthermore, the renowned monk 305: 291: 6078:Henan University of Technology 5873:PLA Foreign Language Institute 5511:Temple of the Six Banyan Trees 5120:Schools and objects of worship 4338:Temple of the Six Banyan Trees 3185:, 19 (1920), pp. 255–433. 3001:Leffman et al. (2005), p. 299. 2668:Zürcher (1972), p. 330, n. 71. 2429:White Horse Temple by Jim Down 2422: 2409: 2326: 1644: 1635: 1302: 512: 490: 486: 467: 458: 450: 333: 267: 253: 223: 209: 1: 6253:Chinese architectural history 6083:Henan Agricultural University 5501:Temple of Bright Filial Piety 4773:Chinese Buddhist architecture 3179:Meou-tseu ou les doutes levés 3100:China — A Travel Survival Kit 2246:. Rough Guides. p. 307. 2213: 1335: 559:, which flows south from the 549: 34: 5904:Luoyang East railway station 3058:China Intercontinental Press 2912:. Times of India. 2010-04-25 2577:China Intercontinental Press 1902:Buddha and the Bodhisattvas 1462:country) where they met two 883:Buddhist Paths to liberation 432: 21:White Horse Pagoda, Dunhuang 7: 6273:Horses in Chinese mythology 6248:Buddhist temples in Luoyang 4966:Hall of Four Heavenly Kings 2876:The new Asian power dynamic 2726:Zürcher (1972), pp. 65, 69. 2152: 2123:Museum of Fine Arts, Boston 2037:and Wei Li. Statues of the 1480:Sutra of Forty-two Chapters 1470:) named Kasyapa Pandita (a 1374:Sutra of Forty-two Chapters 1298:Sutra of Forty-two Chapters 10: 6299: 5914:China National Highway 310 5909:China National Highway 207 5801:China National Flower Park 5506:Temple of Great Compassion 5296:Grand Temple of Mount Heng 4512:Baoguo Temple (Mount Emei) 4145:Longshan Temple (Jinjiang) 3323:Temple of Great Compassion 3188:Yang, Hsüan-chih. (1984). 2879:. SAGE. pp. 194–195. 2623:Maspero (1901), pp. 95 ff. 2484:Gregory, Peter N. (2002). 2308:. Lonely Planet. pp. 2208:Horse in Chinese mythology 1925:The Hall of Heavenly Kings 1570: 1372:who returned carrying the 341:) is a Buddhist temple in 18: 6198: 6152: 6129:Xinyang brewed vegetables 6119: 6091: 6058: 6005: 5977: 5963: 5881: 5868:Luoyang Normal University 5850: 5814: 5758: 5745: 5687: 5646: 5639: 5261:Donglin Temple (Shanghai) 5226: 5215: 5172: 5126: 5113: 5099: 5089: 5079: 5069: 5059: 5049: 5039: 5029: 5019: 5016:Hall of Sangharama Palace 5009: 4999: 4989: 4979: 4969: 4959: 4948: 4938: 4928: 4917: 4907: 4897: 4887: 4877: 4867: 4857: 4847: 4837: 4827: 4810: 4800: 4790: 4779: 4766: 4761:Buddhist temples in China 4710: 4684: 4628: 4619: 4570: 4544: 4462: 4426: 4404: 4395: 4383:Kaiyuan Temple (Chaozhou) 4324: 4260: 4215: 4184: 4175: 4055: 4010: 4001: 3966: 3842: 3725: 3620: 3586: 3577: 3551: 3515: 3488: 3479: 3362: 3331: 3313: 3271: 3262: 3253: 2677:Yang (1984), pp. 173–174, 1988:Longzang Jing Dazong Jing 1799:also visited the temple. 501: 494: 482: 319: 298: 284: 277: 260: 246: 239: 234: 230: 216: 202: 198: 193: 181: 169: 164: 125: 96: 88: 74: 69: 57: 52: 40: 33: 28: 5815:Culture and demographics 5640:Administrative divisions 3153:The Rough Guide to China 1539:at about the same date. 204:Traditional Chinese 19:Not to be confused with 6073:Henan Normal University 5894:Luoyang railway station 5889:Luoyang Beijiao Airport 5456:Puning Temple (Jiangxi) 3919:Shrine of Living Buddha 3166:Maspero, M. H. (1901). 2773:Barme, Geremie (2008). 2741:Encyclopædia Britannica 2641:Chen (1964), pp. 29–31. 2543:Zürcher (1972), p. 187, 2302:Harper, Damien (2007). 2078:Jin dynasty (1115–1234) 1790:Prime Minister of India 903:Philosophical reasoning 531:However, this may be a 218:Simplified Chinese 5461:Putuo Zongcheng Temple 5086:Buddhist texts library 4894:Chinese guardian lions 4780:Architectonic elements 3543:Guanyin Ancient Temple 3177:Pelliot, Paul (1920). 3136:Hill, John E. (2009). 2836:Khanna, Tarun (2007). 2690:Foster, Simon (2007). 2659:Zürcher (1972), p. 31. 2650:Zürcher (1972), p. 22. 2109: 2014: 1926: 1918: 1864: 1785: 1775: 1748:Temple of Azure Clouds 1708: 1512:Left: A pillar over a 670:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 442: 149:34.72389°N 112.59972°E 127:Geographic coordinates 5451:Puning Temple (Hebei) 5246:Dafo Temple, Xinchang 5046:Hall of Bhaisajyaguru 4958:(Hall of Mount Gate; 3894:Guangji Temple (Wuhu) 3761:Temple of King Ashoka 2873:Rasgotra, M. (2007). 2818:. Sacred Destinations 2743:. 1974. p. 165. 2693:Adventure Guide China 2614:Yang (1984), pp. 3–4. 2103: 2052:flanked by statue of 2012: 1924: 1916: 1862: 1781: 1773: 1699: 1567:came to China first. 938:Aids to Enlightenment 763:Dependent Origination 440: 429:statue were erected. 5491:Spring Temple Buddha 5251:Dafo Temple, Zhangye 5036:Hall of Kshitigarbha 4698:Haibao Pagoda Temple 3203:Zürcher, E. (1972). 3050:Law, Eugene (2004). 2569:凌海成, 刘浚; 谢涛 (2005). 2487:Buddhism in the Sung 2392:"White Horse Temple" 2356:"White Horse Temple" 2243:Rough Guide to China 2029:and on the right by 1797:Atal Bihari Vajpayee 908:Devotional practices 731:Noble Eightfold Path 522:White Horse Ministry 176:Chinese architecture 6153:Visitor attractions 4522:Hongchunping Temple 2195:Architecture portal 2000:Eastern Han dynasty 1736:Cultural Revolution 1713:Cultural Revolution 1591:Infinite Life Sutra 1256:Buddhist scriptures 1208:Buddhism portal 1081:Buddhism by country 843:Sanskrit literature 493:means "horse", and 455:traditional Chinese 385:Cultural Revolution 379:(1368 to 1644) and 154:34.72389; 112.59972 145: / 6190:White Horse Temple 6106:Zhongyuan Mandarin 5771:White Horse Temple 5531:White Horse Temple 5431:South Putuo Temple 5341:Jade Buddha Temple 4797:Hip-and-gable roof 4198:White Horse Temple 4100:South Putuo Temple 3656:Lingyanshan Temple 3612:Yuanming Jiangtang 3608:Chenxiang Pavilion 3596:Jade Buddha Temple 2776:The Forbidden City 2117:A stone statue of 2113:Statue of Maitreya 2110: 2015: 1927: 1919: 1865: 1825:president of India 1793:P.V. Narasimha Rao 1786: 1776: 1709: 1265:White Horse Temple 695:Buddhist modernism 526:White Horse Temple 447:simplified Chinese 443: 326:White Horse Temple 194:White Horse Temple 117:Shown within Henan 47:White Horse Temple 29:White Horse Temple 6263:68 establishments 6230: 6229: 6101:Zhongyuan culture 6025:Taihang Mountains 6020:North China Plain 5922: 5921: 5743: 5742: 5598: 5597: 5594: 5593: 5586:Daxiangguo Temple 5481:Shaolin Monastery 5441:Palpung Monastery 5211: 5210: 5109: 5108: 4728: 4727: 4706: 4705: 4646:Daxingshan Temple 4615: 4614: 4540: 4539: 4391: 4390: 4320: 4319: 4171: 4170: 4091:Chongsheng Temple 3997: 3996: 3962: 3961: 3807: 3806: 3573: 3572: 3475: 3474: 3471: 3470: 3161:978-1-84353-479-2 3146:978-1-4392-2134-1 3131:978-1-74104-866-7 3022:978-7-5146-1726-9 2886:978-0-7619-3572-8 2853:978-1-4221-0383-8 2790:978-0-674-02779-4 2707:978-1-58843-641-2 2572:Buddhism in China 2553:Draft translation 2319:978-1-74059-915-3 2050:Sakhyamuni Buddha 1934:(Indian) saints. 1707:(centre) in China 1557:Mahayana Buddhism 1458:), they reached ( 1332:Book of Later Han 1244: 1243: 726:Four Noble Truths 323: 322: 315: 314: 241:Standard Mandarin 189: 188: 6290: 6218: 6217: 6206: 6205: 6175:Longmen Grottoes 6068:Henan University 5949: 5942: 5935: 5926: 5925: 5766:Longmen Grottoes 5752: 5644: 5643: 5625: 5618: 5611: 5602: 5601: 5486:Shuanglin Temple 5411:Lake Manasarovar 5381:Kumbum Monastery 5217: 5216: 5115: 5114: 5101: 5091: 5081: 5071: 5061: 5051: 5041: 5031: 5021: 5011: 5001: 4991: 4981: 4971: 4961: 4940: 4930: 4909: 4899: 4889: 4879: 4869: 4864:Chinese pavilion 4859: 4849: 4839: 4829: 4825: 4812: 4802: 4792: 4768: 4767: 4755: 4748: 4741: 4732: 4731: 4626: 4625: 4500: 4499: 4454:Shuanggui Temple 4450:Liangping County 4402: 4401: 4312:Shangfeng Temple 4285: 4284: 4182: 4181: 4117:Guangxiao Temple 4008: 4007: 3954:Shangchan Temple 3902: 3901: 3867:Yingjiang Temple 3824:Fangguang Temple 3777: 3776: 3717:Longchang Temple 3694:Guangjiao Temple 3584: 3583: 3486: 3485: 3442:Guangzong Temple 3400: 3399: 3394:Xuanzhong Temple 3390:Jiaocheng County 3376:Chongshan Temple 3341:Zhengding County 3289:Lingguang Temple 3269: 3268: 3256:Chinese Buddhism 3240: 3233: 3226: 3217: 3216: 3082: 3081: 3079: 3078: 3047: 3041: 3040: 3034: 3026: 3008: 3002: 2999: 2993: 2990: 2984: 2981:File:Plaque1.jpg 2978: 2969: 2963: 2957: 2951: 2945: 2939: 2933: 2927: 2921: 2920: 2918: 2917: 2906: 2897: 2896: 2894: 2893: 2870: 2864: 2863: 2861: 2860: 2833: 2827: 2826: 2824: 2823: 2812: 2801: 2800: 2798: 2797: 2770: 2755: 2754: 2733: 2727: 2724: 2718: 2717: 2715: 2714: 2687: 2678: 2675: 2669: 2666: 2660: 2657: 2651: 2648: 2642: 2639: 2633: 2630: 2624: 2621: 2615: 2612: 2606: 2603: 2597: 2596: 2594: 2593: 2566: 2560: 2559:by John E. Hill. 2550: 2544: 2541: 2535: 2532: 2526: 2514: 2508: 2507: 2505: 2504: 2481: 2475: 2474: 2472: 2471: 2448: 2431: 2426: 2420: 2413: 2407: 2406: 2404: 2403: 2388: 2367: 2366: 2364: 2363: 2358:. Buddha Channel 2352: 2337: 2330: 2324: 2323: 2299: 2288: 2287: 2267: 2258: 2257: 2237: 2203:Chinese Buddhism 2197: 2192: 2191: 2183: 2178: 2177: 2169: 2164: 2163: 2162: 2133:Peony Festival ( 1992:Dazeng Zong Jing 1958:Sakyamuni Buddha 1944:Mahasthamaprapta 1942:on the left and 1917:The Pilu Library 1847: 1720:Norodom Sihanouk 1718:In 1973, Prince 1701:Norodom Sihanouk 1646: 1637: 1614: 1605: 1506: 1497: 1484:Chinese calendar 1418: 1409: 1340: 1337: 1305: 1304: 1281:Chinese Buddhism 1273:Chinese language 1236: 1229: 1222: 1206: 1205: 933:Sublime abidings 624: 601: 600: 589: 580: 554: 551: 514: 505: 496: 492: 488: 484: 479: 469: 460: 452: 340: 311: 310: 309: 294: 293: 273: 272: 271: 256: 255: 232: 231: 226: 225: 212: 211: 191: 190: 160: 159: 157: 156: 155: 150: 146: 143: 142: 141: 138: 112: 111: 105: 45: 26: 25: 6298: 6297: 6293: 6292: 6291: 6289: 6288: 6287: 6233: 6232: 6231: 6226: 6194: 6148: 6115: 6087: 6054: 6035:Dabie Mountains 6001: 5973: 5959: 5953: 5923: 5918: 5877: 5846: 5827:Luoyang dialect 5822:Erlitou culture 5810: 5754: 5753: 5739: 5683: 5635: 5629: 5599: 5590: 5581:Zunsheng Temple 5571:Zhanshan Temple 5551:Xingjiao Temple 5541:Xiangyan Temple 5516:Tianning Temple 5466:Qiongzhu Temple 5406:Longxing Temple 5331:Huacheng Temple 5301:Guanghua Temple 5241:Dabeilou Temple 5231:Baoguang Temple 5222: 5207: 5168: 5122: 5105: 5056:Hall of Guanyin 4944: 4913: 4819: 4775: 4762: 4759: 4729: 4724: 4702: 4680: 4658:Xingjiao Temple 4654:Guangren Temple 4611: 4602:Zhusheng Temple 4598:Binchuan County 4588:Qiongzhu Temple 4584:Yuantong Temple 4566: 4562:Qianming Temple 4536: 4498: 4484:Baoguang Temple 4458: 4422: 4387: 4374:Lingshan Temple 4316: 4297:Zhusheng Temple 4283: 4256: 4239:Huangmei County 4211: 4167: 4109:Guanghua Temple 4069:Yongquan Temple 4051: 3993: 3989:Zhanshan Temple 3958: 3914:Huacheng Temple 3900: 3872:Qianshan County 3858:Mingjiao Temple 3838: 3834:Jiangxin Temple 3803: 3775: 3767:Xinchang County 3757:Tiantong Temple 3721: 3616: 3569: 3547: 3511: 3467: 3427:Shuxiang Temple 3412:Xiantong Temple 3398: 3358: 3327: 3309: 3297:Tongjiao Temple 3293:Guanghua Temple 3258: 3249: 3244: 3214: 3091: 3086: 3085: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3048: 3044: 3028: 3027: 3023: 3009: 3005: 3000: 2996: 2991: 2987: 2979: 2972: 2964: 2960: 2952: 2948: 2940: 2936: 2928: 2924: 2915: 2913: 2908: 2907: 2900: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2871: 2867: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2834: 2830: 2821: 2819: 2814: 2813: 2804: 2795: 2793: 2791: 2771: 2758: 2751: 2735: 2734: 2730: 2725: 2721: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2688: 2681: 2676: 2672: 2667: 2663: 2658: 2654: 2649: 2645: 2640: 2636: 2631: 2627: 2622: 2618: 2613: 2609: 2604: 2600: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2567: 2563: 2551: 2547: 2542: 2538: 2533: 2529: 2515: 2511: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2482: 2478: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2449: 2434: 2427: 2423: 2414: 2410: 2401: 2399: 2390: 2389: 2370: 2361: 2359: 2354: 2353: 2340: 2336:(2009), p. 463. 2331: 2327: 2320: 2300: 2291: 2284: 2268: 2261: 2254: 2238: 2221: 2216: 2193: 2186: 2181:Religion portal 2179: 2172: 2165: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2131: 2115: 2098: 2096:Cultural relics 2062:Jiajing Emperor 2039:Eighteen Arhats 1857: 1856: 1855: 1854: 1850: 1849: 1848: 1837: 1768: 1694: 1624: 1623: 1622: 1621: 1617: 1616: 1615: 1607: 1606: 1580:In 258 a royal 1578: 1573: 1520: 1519: 1518: 1517: 1509: 1508: 1507: 1499: 1498: 1432: 1431: 1430: 1429: 1421: 1420: 1419: 1411: 1410: 1338: 1290:Kasyapa Matanga 1240: 1200: 1193: 1192: 1083: 1073: 1072: 1023: 1013: 1012: 978: 968: 967: 873: 863: 862: 833:Mahayana Sutras 813: 803: 802: 743:Five Aggregates 721: 720: 700: 699: 690:Later Buddhists 655: 599: 598: 597: 596: 592: 591: 590: 582: 581: 570: 552: 485:means "white", 435: 153: 151: 147: 144: 139: 136: 134: 132: 131: 121: 120: 119: 118: 115: 114: 113: 48: 36: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6296: 6286: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6228: 6227: 6225: 6224: 6212: 6199: 6196: 6195: 6193: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6180:Songyue Pagoda 6177: 6172: 6170:Shaolin Temple 6167: 6162: 6156: 6154: 6150: 6149: 6147: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6125: 6123: 6117: 6116: 6114: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6097: 6095: 6089: 6088: 6086: 6085: 6080: 6075: 6070: 6064: 6062: 6056: 6055: 6053: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6011: 6009: 6003: 6002: 6000: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5983: 5981: 5975: 5974: 5964: 5961: 5960: 5952: 5951: 5944: 5937: 5929: 5920: 5919: 5917: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5885: 5883: 5879: 5878: 5876: 5875: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5854: 5852: 5848: 5847: 5845: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5818: 5816: 5812: 5811: 5809: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5786:Wangcheng Park 5783: 5778: 5776:Luoyang Museum 5773: 5768: 5762: 5760: 5756: 5755: 5747: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5740: 5738: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5691: 5689: 5685: 5684: 5682: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5650: 5648: 5641: 5637: 5636: 5628: 5627: 5620: 5613: 5605: 5596: 5595: 5592: 5591: 5589: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5576:Zhenguo Temple 5573: 5568: 5563: 5561:Yanshan Temple 5558: 5556:Yanqing Temple 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5476:Shanhua Temple 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5421:Nanchan Temple 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5401:Longhua Temple 5398: 5396:Lingyin Temple 5393: 5391:Lingyan Temple 5388: 5383: 5378: 5376:Kaishan Temple 5373: 5368: 5363: 5361:Jing'an Temple 5358: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5326:Hanshan Temple 5323: 5321:Hanging Temple 5318: 5316:Guoqing Temple 5313: 5311:Guiyuan Temple 5308: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5286:Foguang Temple 5283: 5281:Fengguo Temple 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5256:Donglin Temple 5253: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5227: 5224: 5223: 5213: 5212: 5209: 5208: 5206: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5193:Guiyang school 5190: 5188:Caodong school 5185: 5179: 5177: 5170: 5169: 5167: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5130: 5128: 5124: 5123: 5111: 5110: 5107: 5106: 5104: 5103: 5096:Free Life Pond 5093: 5083: 5073: 5063: 5053: 5043: 5033: 5023: 5013: 5003: 4993: 4983: 4973: 4963: 4952: 4950: 4946: 4945: 4943: 4942: 4932: 4927:(Mount gate) ( 4921: 4919: 4915: 4914: 4912: 4911: 4901: 4891: 4881: 4871: 4861: 4851: 4841: 4831: 4814: 4804: 4794: 4783: 4781: 4777: 4776: 4764: 4763: 4758: 4757: 4750: 4743: 4735: 4726: 4725: 4723: 4722: 4717: 4711: 4708: 4707: 4704: 4703: 4701: 4700: 4690: 4688: 4682: 4681: 4679: 4678: 4676:Caotang Temple 4669: 4662:Xiangji Temple 4642:Daci'en Temple 4634: 4632: 4623: 4617: 4616: 4613: 4612: 4610: 4609: 4595: 4592:Huating Temple 4576: 4574: 4568: 4567: 4565: 4564: 4550: 4548: 4542: 4541: 4538: 4537: 4535: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4517:Wannian Temple 4514: 4508: 4506: 4497: 4496: 4487: 4476:Zhaojue Temple 4468: 4466: 4460: 4459: 4457: 4456: 4447: 4432: 4430: 4424: 4423: 4421: 4420: 4410: 4408: 4399: 4393: 4392: 4389: 4388: 4386: 4385: 4376: 4367: 4365:Qingyun Temple 4358: 4349: 4340: 4330: 4328: 4322: 4321: 4318: 4317: 4315: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4293: 4291: 4282: 4281: 4266: 4264: 4258: 4257: 4255: 4254: 4245: 4236: 4233:Baotong Temple 4229:Guiyuan Temple 4221: 4219: 4213: 4212: 4210: 4209: 4207:Shaolin Temple 4200: 4190: 4188: 4179: 4173: 4172: 4169: 4168: 4166: 4165: 4156: 4154:Nanshan Temple 4147: 4138: 4136:Kaiyuan Temple 4129: 4120: 4102: 4093: 4084: 4077:Linyang Temple 4061: 4059: 4053: 4052: 4050: 4049: 4040: 4034:Yongxiu County 4031: 4028:Donglin Temple 4024:Nengren Temple 4016: 4014: 4005: 3999: 3998: 3995: 3994: 3992: 3991: 3982: 3980:Xingguo Temple 3972: 3970: 3964: 3963: 3960: 3959: 3957: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3939:Tiantai Temple 3936: 3934:Zhiyuan Temple 3931: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3910: 3908: 3899: 3898: 3897: 3896: 3887: 3878: 3869: 3860: 3848: 3846: 3840: 3839: 3837: 3836: 3827: 3820:Gaoming Temple 3816:Guoqing Temple 3812:Tiantai County 3808: 3805: 3804: 3802: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3785: 3783: 3774: 3773: 3764: 3746: 3739:Lingyin Temple 3731: 3729: 3723: 3722: 3720: 3719: 3710: 3696: 3687: 3680:Tianing Temple 3673: 3670:Dinghui Temple 3666:Jinshan Temple 3659: 3652:Hanshan Temple 3641: 3626: 3624: 3618: 3617: 3615: 3614: 3604:Longhua Temple 3600:Jing'an Temple 3592: 3590: 3581: 3575: 3574: 3571: 3570: 3568: 3567: 3557: 3555: 3549: 3548: 3546: 3545: 3536: 3521: 3519: 3513: 3512: 3510: 3509: 3494: 3492: 3483: 3477: 3476: 3473: 3472: 3469: 3468: 3466: 3465: 3459: 3454: 3452:Shifang Temple 3449: 3444: 3439: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3408: 3406: 3397: 3396: 3387: 3378: 3368: 3366: 3360: 3359: 3357: 3356: 3347: 3337: 3335: 3329: 3328: 3326: 3325: 3319: 3317: 3311: 3310: 3308: 3307: 3305:Xihuang Temple 3281:Guangji Temple 3277: 3275: 3266: 3260: 3259: 3254: 3251: 3250: 3243: 3242: 3235: 3228: 3220: 3213: 3212:External links 3210: 3209: 3208: 3201: 3186: 3175: 3164: 3149: 3134: 3113:Elmer, David, 3111: 3094:Cummings, Joe 3090: 3087: 3084: 3083: 3070: 3042: 3021: 3003: 2994: 2985: 2970: 2958: 2946: 2934: 2922: 2898: 2885: 2865: 2852: 2828: 2802: 2789: 2756: 2749: 2728: 2719: 2706: 2679: 2670: 2661: 2652: 2643: 2634: 2625: 2616: 2607: 2598: 2585: 2561: 2545: 2536: 2527: 2509: 2496: 2476: 2463: 2432: 2421: 2419:(1991) p. 283. 2408: 2368: 2338: 2325: 2318: 2289: 2282: 2259: 2252: 2218: 2217: 2215: 2212: 2211: 2210: 2205: 2199: 2198: 2184: 2170: 2154: 2151: 2130: 2129:Peony Festival 2127: 2114: 2111: 2097: 2094: 1946:on the right. 1863:The Drum Tower 1852: 1851: 1842: 1841: 1840: 1839: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1829:Pratibha Patil 1767: 1764: 1752:Fragrant Hills 1740:Forbidden City 1693: 1692:Modern history 1690: 1619: 1618: 1609: 1608: 1600: 1599: 1598: 1597: 1596: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1522:However, some 1511: 1510: 1501: 1500: 1492: 1491: 1490: 1489: 1488: 1464:Buddhist monks 1423: 1422: 1413: 1412: 1404: 1403: 1402: 1401: 1400: 1355: 1354: 1351:Middle Kingdom 1322: 1321: 1316: 1315: 1285: 1284: 1242: 1241: 1239: 1238: 1231: 1224: 1216: 1213: 1212: 1211: 1210: 1195: 1194: 1191: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1084: 1079: 1078: 1075: 1074: 1071: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1024: 1019: 1018: 1015: 1014: 1011: 1010: 1005: 1000: 998:Pratyekabuddha 995: 990: 985: 979: 974: 973: 970: 969: 966: 965: 960: 955: 953:Buddhist chant 950: 945: 940: 935: 930: 925: 920: 915: 910: 905: 900: 895: 890: 885: 880: 874: 869: 868: 865: 864: 861: 860: 855: 850: 845: 840: 835: 830: 825: 820: 814: 811:Buddhist texts 809: 808: 805: 804: 801: 800: 795: 790: 785: 780: 775: 770: 765: 760: 755: 750: 745: 740: 739: 738: 728: 722: 719: 718: 713: 707: 706: 705: 702: 701: 698: 697: 692: 687: 682: 677: 672: 667: 662: 656: 651: 650: 647: 646: 645: 644: 639: 634: 626: 625: 617: 616: 610: 609: 594: 593: 584: 583: 575: 574: 573: 572: 571: 569: 566: 533:folk etymology 434: 431: 370:Henan Province 321: 320: 317: 316: 313: 312: 302: 296: 295: 288: 282: 281: 279:Yue: Cantonese 275: 274: 264: 258: 257: 250: 244: 243: 237: 236: 235:Transcriptions 228: 227: 220: 214: 213: 206: 200: 199: 196: 195: 187: 186: 183: 179: 178: 173: 167: 166: 162: 161: 129: 123: 122: 116: 107: 106: 100: 99: 98: 97: 94: 93: 90: 86: 85: 76: 72: 71: 67: 66: 61: 55: 54: 50: 49: 46: 38: 37: 31: 30: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6295: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6240: 6238: 6223: 6222: 6213: 6211: 6210: 6201: 6200: 6197: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6185:Youguo Temple 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6157: 6155: 6151: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6134:Water Banquet 6132: 6130: 6127: 6126: 6124: 6122: 6118: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6098: 6096: 6094: 6090: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6065: 6063: 6061: 6057: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6045:Nanyang Basin 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6030:Loess Plateau 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6012: 6010: 6008: 6004: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5984: 5982: 5980: 5976: 5971: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5950: 5945: 5943: 5938: 5936: 5931: 5930: 5927: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5886: 5884: 5880: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5855: 5853: 5849: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5837:Water Banquet 5835: 5833: 5832:Henan cuisine 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5819: 5817: 5813: 5807: 5806:Yingtian Gate 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5763: 5761: 5757: 5751: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5692: 5690: 5686: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5651: 5649: 5645: 5642: 5638: 5634: 5626: 5621: 5619: 5614: 5612: 5607: 5606: 5603: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5566:Youguo Temple 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5546:Ximing Temple 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5536:Wolong Temple 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5426:Nanhua Temple 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5386:Linggu Temple 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5366:Jingci Temple 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5356:Jiming Temple 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5346:Jianfu Temple 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5291:Geyuan Temple 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5271:Fawang Temple 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5236:Baoguo Temple 5234: 5232: 5229: 5228: 5225: 5218: 5214: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5198:Yunmen school 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5171: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5131: 5129: 5127:Major schools 5125: 5121: 5116: 5112: 5097: 5094: 5087: 5084: 5077: 5074: 5067: 5064: 5057: 5054: 5047: 5044: 5037: 5034: 5027: 5024: 5017: 5014: 5007: 5004: 4997: 4994: 4987: 4984: 4977: 4976:Mahavira Hall 4974: 4967: 4964: 4957: 4954: 4953: 4951: 4947: 4936: 4933: 4926: 4923: 4922: 4920: 4916: 4905: 4902: 4895: 4892: 4885: 4882: 4875: 4872: 4865: 4862: 4855: 4852: 4845: 4842: 4835: 4834:Spirit screen 4832: 4823: 4818: 4815: 4808: 4805: 4798: 4795: 4788: 4785: 4784: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4769: 4765: 4756: 4751: 4749: 4744: 4742: 4737: 4736: 4733: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4712: 4709: 4699: 4695: 4692: 4691: 4689: 4687: 4683: 4677: 4673: 4672:Huyi District 4670: 4667: 4666:Jingye Temple 4663: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4650:Wolong Temple 4647: 4643: 4639: 4636: 4635: 4633: 4631: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4618: 4607: 4603: 4599: 4596: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4578: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4569: 4563: 4559: 4558:Hongfu Temple 4555: 4552: 4551: 4549: 4547: 4543: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4509: 4507: 4505: 4501: 4495: 4491: 4488: 4485: 4481: 4480:Wenshu Temple 4477: 4473: 4470: 4469: 4467: 4465: 4461: 4455: 4451: 4448: 4445: 4441: 4440:Luohan Temple 4437: 4434: 4433: 4431: 4429: 4425: 4419: 4415: 4412: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4394: 4384: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4356:Yunmen Temple 4353: 4352:Ruyuan County 4350: 4348: 4347:Nanhua Temple 4344: 4341: 4339: 4335: 4332: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4323: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4307:Nantai Temple 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4294: 4292: 4290: 4286: 4279: 4275: 4274:Lushan Temple 4271: 4268: 4267: 4265: 4263: 4259: 4253: 4252:Yuquan Temple 4249: 4246: 4244: 4240: 4237: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4223: 4222: 4220: 4218: 4214: 4208: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4195: 4192: 4191: 4189: 4187: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4177:South Central 4174: 4164: 4163:Huayan Temple 4160: 4157: 4155: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4124: 4121: 4118: 4114: 4113:Cishou Temple 4110: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4088: 4087:Minhou County 4085: 4082: 4081:Dizang Temple 4078: 4074: 4073:Xichan Temple 4070: 4066: 4063: 4062: 4060: 4058: 4054: 4048: 4047:Jingju Temple 4044: 4041: 4039: 4038:Zhenru Temple 4035: 4032: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4018: 4017: 4015: 4013: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4000: 3990: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3977: 3974: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3965: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3924:Baisui Palace 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3911: 3909: 3907: 3903: 3895: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3885:Langya Temple 3882: 3879: 3877: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3855: 3852: 3851: 3850: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3841: 3835: 3831: 3828: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3810: 3809: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3778: 3772: 3768: 3765: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3747: 3744: 3743:Jingci Temple 3740: 3736: 3733: 3732: 3730: 3728: 3724: 3718: 3714: 3711: 3708: 3707:Gaomin Temple 3704: 3703:Daming Temple 3700: 3697: 3695: 3691: 3688: 3685: 3684:Xingfu Temple 3681: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3660: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3648:Xiyuan Temple 3645: 3642: 3639: 3635: 3634:Linggu Temple 3631: 3628: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3619: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3594: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3576: 3566: 3562: 3559: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3550: 3544: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3533:Dizang Temple 3530: 3529:Banruo Temple 3526: 3523: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3514: 3507: 3503: 3502:Banruo Temple 3499: 3496: 3495: 3493: 3491: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3478: 3463: 3462:Qixian Temple 3460: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3450: 3448: 3447:Bishan Temple 3445: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3432:Luohou Temple 3430: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3417:Tayuan Temple 3415: 3413: 3410: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3401: 3395: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3385:Huayan Temple 3382: 3379: 3377: 3373: 3370: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3361: 3355: 3354:Puning Temple 3351: 3348: 3346: 3342: 3339: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3330: 3324: 3321: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3312: 3306: 3302: 3301:Yonghe Temple 3298: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3285:Fayuan Temple 3282: 3279: 3278: 3276: 3274: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3252: 3248: 3241: 3236: 3234: 3229: 3227: 3222: 3221: 3218: 3206: 3202: 3199: 3198:0-691-05403-7 3195: 3191: 3187: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3123:Country Guide 3120: 3116: 3112: 3109: 3108:0-86442-123-0 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3092: 3073: 3071:7-5085-0429-1 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3054: 3046: 3038: 3032: 3024: 3018: 3014: 3007: 2998: 2989: 2982: 2977: 2975: 2967: 2962: 2955: 2950: 2943: 2938: 2931: 2926: 2911: 2905: 2903: 2888: 2882: 2878: 2877: 2869: 2855: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2840: 2832: 2817: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2792: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2777: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2752: 2750:0-85229-290-2 2746: 2742: 2738: 2732: 2723: 2709: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2694: 2686: 2684: 2674: 2665: 2656: 2647: 2638: 2629: 2620: 2611: 2602: 2588: 2586:7-5085-0840-8 2582: 2578: 2574: 2573: 2565: 2558: 2554: 2549: 2540: 2531: 2525: 2521: 2520: 2513: 2499: 2497:0-8248-2681-7 2493: 2489: 2488: 2480: 2466: 2464:1-4179-4728-4 2460: 2456: 2455: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2430: 2425: 2418: 2412: 2398:on 2009-12-20 2397: 2393: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2357: 2351: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2335: 2329: 2321: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2306: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2285: 2283:0-7734-6316-X 2279: 2275: 2274: 2266: 2264: 2255: 2253:1-84353-019-8 2249: 2245: 2244: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2219: 2209: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2200: 2196: 2190: 2185: 2182: 2176: 2171: 2168: 2157: 2150: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2126: 2124: 2120: 2107: 2102: 2093: 2089: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2076:reign of the 2073: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2058:Samantabhadra 2055: 2051: 2046: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2027:Bhaisajyaguru 2024: 2020: 2019:Mahavira Hall 2011: 2007: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1984: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1969: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1954: 1952: 1947: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1931: 1923: 1915: 1911: 1909: 1908:Samantabhadra 1905: 1901: 1897: 1891: 1889: 1885: 1880: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1861: 1846: 1832: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1817: 1814: 1809: 1804: 1800: 1798: 1794: 1791: 1784: 1780: 1772: 1763: 1761: 1756: 1753: 1750:in Beijing's 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1716: 1714: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1689: 1685: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1665: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1649: 1647: 1641: 1633: 1629: 1613: 1604: 1595: 1593: 1592: 1587: 1583: 1576:Early history 1568: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1553: 1551: 1547: 1546: 1540: 1538: 1534: 1528: 1525: 1515: 1514:turtle dragon 1505: 1496: 1487: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1476:Central India 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1454: 1450: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1427: 1417: 1408: 1399: 1396: 1392: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1377: 1375: 1371: 1366: 1364: 1360: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1343: 1342: 1333: 1329: 1328: 1318: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1261: 1260:Central India 1257: 1253: 1249: 1248: 1247: 1237: 1232: 1230: 1225: 1223: 1218: 1217: 1215: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1198: 1197: 1196: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1085: 1082: 1077: 1076: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1025: 1022: 1017: 1016: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 994: 991: 989: 986: 984: 981: 980: 977: 972: 971: 964: 963:Vegetarianism 961: 959: 956: 954: 951: 949: 946: 944: 941: 939: 936: 934: 931: 929: 926: 924: 921: 919: 918:Recollections 916: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 901: 899: 896: 894: 891: 889: 888:Five precepts 886: 884: 881: 879: 876: 875: 872: 867: 866: 859: 856: 854: 853:Chinese canon 851: 849: 848:Tibetan canon 846: 844: 841: 839: 836: 834: 831: 829: 826: 824: 821: 819: 816: 815: 812: 807: 806: 799: 796: 794: 791: 789: 786: 784: 781: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 759: 756: 754: 751: 749: 746: 744: 741: 737: 734: 733: 732: 729: 727: 724: 723: 717: 714: 712: 709: 708: 704: 703: 696: 693: 691: 688: 686: 683: 681: 678: 676: 673: 671: 668: 666: 663: 661: 658: 657: 654: 649: 648: 643: 640: 638: 635: 633: 630: 629: 628: 627: 623: 619: 618: 615: 612: 611: 607: 603: 602: 588: 579: 565: 562: 561:Min Mountains 558: 547: 543: 539: 534: 529: 527: 523: 519: 515: 509: 504: 498: 480: 474: 470: 464: 456: 448: 439: 430: 428: 425: 421: 418: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 373: 371: 367: 362: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 339: 336: 331: 327: 318: 308: 303: 301: 297: 289: 287: 283: 280: 276: 270: 265: 263: 259: 251: 249: 245: 242: 238: 233: 229: 221: 219: 215: 207: 205: 201: 197: 192: 184: 180: 177: 174: 172: 168: 163: 158: 130: 128: 124: 104: 95: 91: 87: 84: 80: 77: 73: 68: 65: 62: 60: 56: 51: 44: 39: 32: 27: 22: 6219: 6207: 6189: 6040:Yellow River 5851:Universities 5770: 5530: 5526:Wanfu Temple 5471:Qixia Temple 5371:Jinge Temple 5336:Huqiu Temple 5266:Famen Temple 5203:Fayan school 5183:Linji school 5076:Abbot's Room 5026:Hall of Guru 4621:Northwestern 4494:Wuyou Temple 4444:Ciyun Temple 4418:Xishi Temple 4397:Southwestern 4302:Fuyan Temple 4278:Kaifu Temple 4197: 4127:Wanfu Temple 3949:Huiju Temple 3929:Ganlu Temple 3906:Mount Jiuhua 3876:Sanzu Temple 3799:Huiji Temple 3638:Qixia Temple 3553:Heilongjiang 3506:Ci'en Temple 3437:Jinge Temple 3345:Linji Temple 3204: 3189: 3182: 3178: 3171: 3167: 3152: 3137: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3099: 3095: 3089:Bibliography 3075:. Retrieved 3052: 3045: 3012: 3006: 2997: 2988: 2961: 2949: 2937: 2925: 2914:. Retrieved 2890:. Retrieved 2875: 2868: 2857:. Retrieved 2838: 2831: 2820:. Retrieved 2794:. Retrieved 2775: 2736: 2731: 2722: 2711:. Retrieved 2692: 2673: 2664: 2655: 2646: 2637: 2628: 2619: 2610: 2601: 2590:. Retrieved 2571: 2564: 2556: 2548: 2539: 2530: 2516: 2512: 2501:. Retrieved 2486: 2479: 2468:. Retrieved 2453: 2424: 2416: 2411: 2400:. Retrieved 2396:the original 2360:. Retrieved 2333: 2328: 2304: 2272: 2242: 2167:China portal 2143:Tang dynasty 2135:mudan huahui 2134: 2132: 2116: 2090: 2082:Tang dynasty 2074: 2070:Tang dynasty 2066:Ming dynasty 2047: 2043:Yuan dynasty 2016: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1985: 1970: 1955: 1948: 1932: 1928: 1895: 1892: 1881: 1879:(960–1279). 1877:Song dynasty 1866: 1835:Architecture 1818: 1813:Jataka tales 1808:Sanchi Stupa 1805: 1801: 1787: 1757: 1743: 1717: 1710: 1686: 1682:Tang dynasty 1666: 1657:Tang dynasty 1650: 1643: 1625: 1589: 1579: 1554: 1543: 1541: 1529: 1521: 1479: 1433: 1391:Tang dynasty 1388: 1385: 1380: 1378: 1367: 1362: 1358: 1356: 1346: 1331: 1325: 1323: 1310:, Japan and 1269:Baima Temple 1268: 1264: 1245: 913:Merit making 878:Three Jewels 818:Buddhavacana 748:Impermanence 736:Dharma wheel 530: 525: 521: 511: 499: 476: 466: 444: 374: 363: 355:Emperor Ming 325: 324: 248:Hanyu Pinyin 165:Architecture 6111:Henan opera 5796:Lijing Gate 5759:Attractions 5446:Puji Temple 5416:Mimi Temple 5351:Jile Temple 5306:Gufo Temple 5276:Fayu Temple 5006:Dharma Hall 4918:Men (gates) 4904:Heng and Ha 4820: [ 4527:Xixiang Chi 4243:Wuzu Temple 3794:Fayu Temple 3789:Puji Temple 3781:Mount Putuo 3771:Dafo Temple 3753:Qita Temple 3565:Jile Temple 3404:Mount Wutai 1744:Luohan Tang 1628:Dharmarakṣa 1436:Han dynasty 1361:(completed 1294:Dharmaratna 1148:New Zealand 1003:Bodhisattva 988:Four Stages 943:Monasticism 923:Mindfulness 893:Perfections 823:Early Texts 542:Eastern Jin 359:Eastern Han 292:Baak-maa zi 152: / 140:112°35′59″E 59:Affiliation 6237:Categories 6165:Mount Song 6050:Huai River 5791:Luopu Park 5521:Wa Sau Toi 5066:Arhat Hall 4996:Drum tower 4986:Bell tower 4606:Tongwadian 4504:Mount Emei 4289:Mount Heng 3944:Zhantanlin 3539:Jilin City 3457:Dailuoding 3183:T’oung pao 3077:2010-04-27 3060:. p. 2916:2010-04-27 2892:2010-04-29 2859:2010-04-29 2822:2010-04-30 2796:2010-04-30 2713:2010-04-27 2592:2010-04-29 2503:2010-04-30 2470:2010-04-27 2415:Cummings, 2402:2010-05-01 2362:2010-04-30 2214:References 2104:Statue of 1996:Tibet Jing 1732:Zhou Enlai 1339: 125 1327:Hou Hanshu 1277:Bodhidarma 1021:Traditions 958:Pilgrimage 898:Meditation 858:Post-canon 838:Pāli Canon 768:Middle Way 665:The Buddha 553: 365 478:Pai-ma ssu 473:Wade–Giles 137:34°43′26″N 6060:Education 6007:Geography 5966:Zhengzhou 5882:Transport 5730:Luanchuan 5647:Districts 5149:Pure Land 4949:Buildings 4908:金剛力士/哼哈二將 4436:Chongqing 4428:Chongqing 4334:Guangzhou 4326:Guangdong 4150:Zhangzhou 4003:Southeast 3662:Zhenjiang 3525:Changchun 3481:Northeast 3031:cite book 2086:Di Renjie 2084:official 2054:Manjushri 2023:Sakyamuni 1904:Manjushri 1900:Vairocana 1746:) of the 1561:Theravada 1168:Sri Lanka 1158:Singapore 1113:Indonesia 1053:Vajrayāna 1028:Theravāda 983:Awakening 871:Practices 828:Tripiṭaka 798:Cosmology 773:Emptiness 753:Suffering 557:Min River 546:Xiangyang 481:), where 433:Etymology 393:Śākyamuni 361:dynasty. 182:Completed 6209:Category 6144:Hulatang 6139:Hui mian 5992:Politics 5725:Songxian 5669:Laocheng 5631:City of 4844:Denglong 4694:Yinchuan 4379:Chaozhou 4361:Zhaoqing 4343:Shaoguan 4270:Changsha 4248:Dangyang 4203:Dengfeng 4141:Jinjiang 4132:Quanzhou 4020:Jiujiang 3968:Shandong 3735:Hangzhou 3727:Zhejiang 3699:Yangzhou 3676:Changshu 3588:Shanghai 3498:Shenyang 3490:Liaoning 3422:Pusading 3117:(2009). 3098:(1991). 2517:Revised 2153:See also 2119:Maitreya 2106:Maitreya 2031:Amitabha 2004:Thailand 1973:Maitreya 1936:Amitabha 1888:Mahavira 1724:Cambodia 1705:Cambodia 1653:Xuanzang 1645:Zhú Fǎhù 1565:Hinayana 1533:Chang'an 1460:Gandhara 1442:and the 1426:Maitreya 1178:Thailand 1138:Mongolia 1133:Malaysia 1098:Cambodia 1063:Navayana 1043:Hinayana 1038:Mahāyāna 948:Lay life 778:Morality 758:Not-self 716:Concepts 675:Councils 660:Timeline 632:Glossary 614:Buddhism 606:a series 604:Part of 538:Jiankang 468:Báimǎ sì 422:and the 404:Amitābha 400:Maitreya 351:Buddhist 286:Jyutping 254:Báimǎ sì 75:Location 70:Location 64:Buddhism 53:Religion 6221:Commons 6121:Cuisine 6093:Culture 5997:Economy 5987:History 5979:General 5970:capital 5720:Yichuan 5710:Luoning 5705:Mengjin 5674:Luolong 5633:Luoyang 5176:schools 5139:Tiantai 4956:Shanmen 4935:Paifang 4925:Shanmen 4854:Terrace 4817:Huilang 4807:Dougong 4686:Ningxia 4630:Shaanxi 4580:Kunming 4554:Guiyang 4546:Guizhou 4532:Jinding 4472:Chengdu 4464:Sichuan 4414:Guiping 4406:Guangxi 4370:Shantou 4194:Luoyang 4012:Jiangxi 3985:Qingdao 3881:Chuzhou 3830:Wenzhou 3690:Nantong 3630:Nanjing 3622:Jiangsu 3372:Taiyuan 3350:Chengde 3315:Tianjin 3273:Beijing 2781:138–139 2555:of the 2524:Entry 寺 2332:Elmer, 2310:462–463 2064:of the 2035:Wei Tuo 1981:Wei Tuo 1940:Guanyin 1896:xieshan 1884:Chinese 1873:paifang 1728:Beijing 1655:of the 1632:Chinese 1586:Chinese 1582:Kuchean 1571:History 1550:Luoyang 1472:Brahmin 1456:Tartars 1395:aureola 1370:Scythia 1312:Vietnam 1188:Vietnam 1143:Myanmar 1058:Tibetan 1048:Chinese 976:Nirvāṇa 793:Saṃsāra 788:Rebirth 653:History 642:Outline 518:mosques 424:Sarnath 408:Guanyin 389:Chinese 366:Luoyang 357:in the 343:Luoyang 330:Chinese 89:Country 79:Luoyang 6015:Cities 5958:topics 5735:Ruyang 5715:Yiyang 5700:Xin'an 5695:Yanshi 5664:Chanhe 5659:Xigong 5654:Jianxi 5164:Tangmi 5159:Sanlun 5154:Weishi 5144:Huayan 4874:Pagoda 4787:Chiwen 4572:Yunnan 4490:Leshan 4159:Ningde 4123:Fuqing 4105:Putian 4096:Xiamen 4065:Fuzhou 4057:Fujian 3863:Anqing 3749:Ningbo 3713:Jurong 3644:Suzhou 3561:Harbin 3381:Datong 3364:Shanxi 3196: 3159: 3144: 3129: 3115:et al. 3106: 3096:et al. 3068: 3019: 2883: 2850: 2787: 2747: 2704: 2583: 2494: 2461: 2417:et al. 2334:et al. 2316: 2280: 2250: 1994:, the 1990:, the 1977:Pagoda 1678:pagoda 1642:: 1640:pinyin 1634:: 1524:Taoist 1468:Arhats 1424:Left: 1252:Buddha 1173:Taiwan 1153:Russia 1093:Brazil 1088:Bhutan 1008:Buddha 928:Wisdom 711:Dharma 510:: 508:pinyin 475:: 465:: 463:pinyin 457:: 449:: 427:Buddha 417:Sanchi 412:arhats 410:, and 396:Buddha 332:: 5956:Henan 5842:Mudan 4884:Stupa 4824:] 4638:Xi'an 4262:Hunan 4225:Wuhan 4217:Hubei 4186:Henan 4043:Ji'an 3976:Jinan 3854:Hefei 3844:Anhui 3517:Jilin 3333:Hebei 3264:North 3172:BEFEO 3119:China 2698:46–48 2305:China 2147:Xi'an 2139:peony 1966:Burma 1670:stupa 1661:abbot 1537:Hubei 1474:from 1451:(the 1449:Yuchi 1308:Korea 1303:四十二章經 1183:Tibet 1123:Korea 1118:Japan 1108:India 1103:China 1068:Newar 993:Arhat 783:Karma 637:Index 420:Stupa 347:Henan 185:68 AD 171:Style 92:China 83:Henan 5679:Jili 5174:Chan 5134:Chan 4980:大雄寶殿 3890:Wuhu 3579:East 3194:ISBN 3157:ISBN 3142:ISBN 3127:ISBN 3104:ISBN 3066:ISBN 3037:link 3017:ISBN 2881:ISBN 2848:ISBN 2785:ISBN 2745:ISBN 2702:ISBN 2581:ISBN 2492:ISBN 2459:ISBN 2314:ISBN 2278:ISBN 2248:ISBN 2056:and 2017:The 1962:jade 1951:Chan 1906:and 1760:Thai 1453:Saka 1444:Moon 1292:and 1128:Laos 1033:Pāli 415:the 381:Qing 377:Ming 5100:放生池 5090:藏經閣 5070:羅漢堂 5060:觀音殿 5050:藥師殿 5040:地藏殿 5030:祖師殿 5020:伽藍殿 4970:天王殿 4960:山門殿 4898:石狮子 4888:舍利塔 4848:石燈籠 4801:歇山頂 4640:: ( 4600:: ( 4582:: ( 4474:: ( 4438:: ( 4272:: ( 4227:: ( 4107:: ( 4067:: ( 4022:: ( 3814:: ( 3751:: ( 3737:: ( 3701:: ( 3678:: ( 3664:: ( 3646:: ( 3632:: ( 3527:: ( 3500:: ( 3062:370 2844:278 1722:of 1703:of 1674:Jin 1636:竺法護 1563:or 1440:Sun 1347:chi 1267:or 459:白馬寺 451:白马寺 368:in 300:IPA 262:IPA 224:白马寺 210:白馬寺 35:白马寺 6239:: 5080:方丈 5010:法堂 5000:鼓樓 4990:鐘樓 4939:牌門 4929:山門 4838:影壁 4828:回廊 4822:zh 4811:斗拱 4791:鴟吻 4696:: 4674:: 4664:, 4660:, 4656:, 4652:, 4648:, 4644:, 4604:, 4590:, 4586:, 4560:, 4556:: 4492:: 4482:, 4478:, 4452:: 4442:, 4416:: 4381:: 4372:: 4363:: 4354:: 4345:: 4336:: 4276:, 4250:: 4241:: 4231:, 4205:: 4196:: 4161:: 4152:: 4143:: 4134:: 4125:: 4115:, 4111:, 4098:: 4089:: 4079:, 4075:, 4071:, 4045:: 4036:: 4026:, 3987:: 3978:: 3892:: 3883:: 3874:: 3865:: 3856:: 3832:: 3822:, 3818:, 3769:: 3759:, 3755:, 3741:, 3715:: 3705:, 3692:: 3682:, 3668:, 3654:, 3650:, 3636:, 3610:, 3606:, 3602:, 3598:, 3563:: 3541:: 3531:, 3504:, 3392:: 3383:: 3374:: 3352:: 3343:: 3303:, 3299:, 3295:, 3291:, 3287:, 3283:, 3170:. 3064:. 3056:. 3033:}} 3029:{{ 2973:^ 2901:^ 2846:. 2805:^ 2783:. 2759:^ 2739:. 2700:. 2682:^ 2579:. 2575:. 2522:, 2435:^ 2371:^ 2341:^ 2312:. 2292:^ 2262:^ 2222:^ 2125:. 1869:mu 1827:, 1684:. 1638:; 1594:. 1545:li 1353:." 1336:c. 1163:US 608:on 550:c. 513:sì 489:; 471:; 461:; 453:; 398:, 345:, 335:白馬 81:, 5972:) 5968:( 5948:e 5941:t 5934:v 5624:e 5617:t 5610:v 5102:) 5098:( 5092:) 5088:( 5082:) 5078:( 5072:) 5068:( 5062:) 5058:( 5052:) 5048:( 5042:) 5038:( 5032:) 5028:( 5022:) 5018:( 5012:) 5008:( 5002:) 4998:( 4992:) 4988:( 4982:) 4978:( 4972:) 4968:( 4962:) 4941:) 4937:( 4931:) 4910:) 4906:( 4900:) 4896:( 4890:) 4886:( 4880:) 4878:塔 4876:( 4870:) 4868:亭 4866:( 4860:) 4858:台 4856:( 4850:) 4846:( 4840:) 4836:( 4830:) 4826:( 4813:) 4809:( 4803:) 4799:( 4793:) 4789:( 4754:e 4747:t 4740:v 4668:) 4608:) 4594:) 4486:) 4446:) 4280:) 4235:) 4119:) 4083:) 4030:) 3826:) 3763:) 3745:) 3709:) 3686:) 3672:) 3658:) 3640:) 3535:) 3508:) 3464:) 3239:e 3232:t 3225:v 3200:. 3163:. 3148:. 3133:. 3121:( 3110:. 3080:. 3039:) 3025:. 2919:. 2895:. 2862:. 2825:. 2799:. 2753:. 2716:. 2595:. 2506:. 2473:. 2405:. 2365:. 2322:. 2286:. 2256:. 2108:. 1630:( 1466:( 1363:c 1330:( 1300:( 1235:e 1228:t 1221:v 506:( 503:寺 495:寺 491:馬 487:马 483:白 338:寺 328:( 23:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.