583:
31:
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1310:
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815:
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570:. Two additional unnamed minerals were also reported as associated secondary minerals from the 132 North site, the only locality at which widgiemoolthalite has been found. The 132 North waste pile from which widgiemoolthalite was first recovered is no longer in existence, making it a rare mineral. In support of the designation of an
690:. By weight, the mineral is 49.58% oxygen, 34.41% nickel, 8.05% carbon, 6.11% magnesium, and 1.86% hydrogen. As of 2016, the exact crystal structure of widgiemoolthalite was not known though based on the patterns produced when the mineral was analyzed with
590:
of a possible widgiemoolthalite crystal structure, adapted from the atomic parameters of its structural analog hydromagnesite as reported by Akao and Iwai modified with measurements by Nickel et al. The model is viewed down the
1562:
449:. Blair J. Gartrell collected the holotype widgiemoolthalite specimen from a stockpile of secondary minerals at the site. The mineral was discovered in 1992 and was first reported in
1547:
1552:
574:
epoch, the existence and provenance of widgiemoolthalite, along with 207 other mineral species, have been cited as evidence of uniquely human action upon global stratigraphy.
755:
Hand specimens of widgiemoolthalite tend to be bluish-green though may also be grass-green in rare cases. Widgiemoolthalite is transparent in hand sample with a
1440:
519:
523:
539:
511:
437:
boom was the discovery of novel secondary mineral species in mined regions beginning in the mid-1970s. Widgiemoolthalite was first found at
563:
559:
1557:
567:
1426:
Bette, S.; Rincke, C.; Dinnebier, R. E.; Voigt, W. (May 2016). "Crystal
Structure and Hydrate Water Content of Synthetic Hellyerite,
413:, which is to date its only known source. It was named the following year by the three researchers who first reported its existence,
723:
of the mineral, the smallest divisible unit that possesses the same symmetry and properties, is packed with twice the atoms of its
464:
463:. Widgiemoolthalite's existence was confirmed and name was approved by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names of the
1116:
698:, Nickel, Robinson, and Mumme reported difficulty discerning individual crystals as their lateral dimensions were too small.
409:
hardness of 3.5 and an unknown though likely disordered crystal structure. Widgiemoolthalite was first discovered in 1992 in
1360:"Synthesis and infrared spectroscopic characterization of selected layered double hydroxides containing divalent Ni and Co"
836:
1572:
1273:
Hazen, R. M.; Grew, E. S.; Origlieri, M. J.; Downs, R. T. (March 2017). "On the mineralogy of the 'Anthropocene Epoch'".
896:
1531:
582:
442:
410:
107:
1367:
794:
771:
406:
221:
1184:
Nickel, E. H.; Clout, J. F. M.; Gartrell, B. J. (July 1994). "Secondary nickel minerals from
Widgiemooltha".
254:
1567:
438:
1587:
1582:
666:
though because it may contain either nickel or magnesium, widgiemoolthalite's makeup may also be written
778:
446:
117:
756:
702:
472:
1509:
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1309:
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1577:
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782:
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97:
831:
632:
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823:
691:
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397:. Usually bluish-green in color, it is a brittle mineral formed during the weathering of
244:
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1336:
1286:
1228:
1213:"Diffraction studies from minerals to organics: lessons learned from materials analyses"
1149:
1066:
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is 3.13(1) while its calculated specific gravity is 3.24, with a hardness of 3.5 on the
1498:
1298:
1248:
1163:
1078:
1033:
695:
642:
and considering this relationship, determined that widgiemoolthalite's ideal makeup is
515:
1380:
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1302:
1240:
1167:
1112:
1082:
1025:
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720:
636:
604:
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axis. Gray atoms are nickel, black are carbon, red are oxygen, and blue are hydrogen.
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876:
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767:
297:
264:
61:
940:
797:(or 2V). When measured perpendicular and parallel to its axis of anisotropy, its
941:"Widgiemoolthalite: The new Ni analogue of hydromagnesite from Western Australia"
1475:
1358:
Tao, Q.; Reddy, B. J.; He, H.; Frost, R. L.; Yuan, P.; Zhu, J. (December 2008).
1197:
1359:
639:
491:
398:
127:
1494:
1476:"Characterisation of Ni carbonate-bearing minerals by UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy"
1344:
1236:
1541:
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872:
802:
503:
459:, Bruce W. Robinson, and William G. Mumme, when it received its name for its
434:
317:
198:
139:
863:
1453:
1323:
Akao, M.; Iwai, S. (April 1977). "The hydrogen bonding of hydromagnesite".
1029:
766:. The mineral is brittle and breaks along its fiber contacts. Its observed
724:
571:
551:
204:
30:
880:
1294:
1099:
Gamsjäger, H.; Bugajski, J.; Gajda, T.; Lemire, R. J.; Preis, W. (2005).
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710:
527:
507:
327:
157:
1158:
1133:
830:). The updated content was reintegrated into the Knowledge page under a
740:
499:
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Widgiemoolthalite occurs as a secondary mineral. It is found overlaying
402:
36:
495:
148:
132:
1244:
972:
1021:
555:
543:
531:
1212:
607:. Tests by Nickel, Robinson, and Mumme yielded the chemical formula
547:
535:
337:
790:
631:. The researchers observed that widgiemoolthalite is the nickel
1526:
747:
value of 114.3(8)° and an approximate volume of 667.48 Å.
694:, a high degree of structural disorder was suspected. Under an
426:
1563:
Knowledge articles published in peer-reviewed literature (W2J)
785:, widgiemoolthalite appears bluish-green and does not exhibit
468:
1098:
939:
Nickel, E. H.; Robinson, B. W.; Mumme, W. G. (August 1993).
506:. Other minerals associated with widgiemoolthalite include
1474:
Reddy, B. J.; Keeffe, E. C.; Frost, R. L. (January 2010).
502:
surfaces, and often exhibiting fibrous and rarely massive
1425:
998:
Prider, R. T. (May 1970). "Nickel in
Western Australia".
1548:
Knowledge articles published in peer-reviewed literature
1051:
Birch, B. (December 1997). "New minerals in
Australia".
1272:
1553:
Knowledge articles published in WikiJournal of
Science
1183:
938:
842:Collin Knopp-Schwyn; et al. (25 August 2019).
467:the same year. The holotype specimen was stored in
35:Widgiemoolthalite (bright green) intermingled with
1441:Zeitschrift fĂĽr anorganische und allgemeine Chemie
801:are 1.630 and 1.640 respectively. This gives it a
1539:
1473:
1357:
475:. In 2021, widgiemoolthalite was assigned the
979:. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy. May 1, 2016
934:
743:. Each unit cell of widgiemoolthalite has a
1179:
1177:
932:
930:
928:
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922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
701:Crystals of widgiemoolthalite conform to a
417:, Bruce W. Robinson, and William G. Mumme.
180:c = 8.32 ; β = 114.3°, Z = 2
1394:
840:). The version of record as reviewed is:
29:
1210:
1157:
862:
425:One consequence of the 1966 discovery of
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967:
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465:International Mineralogical Association
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1075:10.1046/j.1365-2451.1997.t01-1-00017.x
997:
894:
1089:
1050:
958:
1134:"IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols"
1131:
888:
13:
1211:Whitfield, P. S. (December 2014).
750:
405:surfaces, widgiemoolthalite has a
373:mineral with the chemical formula
14:
1599:
1558:Externally peer reviewed articles
1519:
1381:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2008.06.060
1204:
1103:Chemical Thermodynamics of Nickel
41:three millimeters (0.12 in).
39:(yellow-green). Field of view is
1525:
1508:
1459:
1386:
1325:Acta Crystallographica Section B
1308:
1258:
895:Schorn, S.; et al. (2017).
813:
443:Widgiemooltha, Western Australia
411:Widgiemooltha, Western Australia
203:Fibrous, rarely massive, pseudo-
1467:
1419:
1368:Materials Chemistry and Physics
1351:
1316:
1266:
1107:. Amsterdam: Elsevier. p.
1125:
1044:
991:
818:This article was submitted to
1:
808:
485:
577:
498:, often in hollow spaces on
7:
635:to the hydrated magnesium
10:
1604:
1573:Minerals in space group 14
1483:Transition Metal Chemistry
739: = 8.32(4)
735: = 8.75(5), and
447:Western Mining Corporation
420:
1495:10.1007/s11243-009-9324-7
1345:10.1107/S0567740877005834
1237:10.1017/S0885715614001146
1132:Warr, L. N. (June 2021).
473:Western Australian Museum
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193:Bluish-green, grass-green
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793:positive and has a high
762:and a pale bluish-green
731: = 10.06(17),
441:, a nickel deposit near
783:petrographic microscope
727:and has the dimensions
599:Widgiemoolthalite is a
1454:10.1002/zaac.201600044
1138:Mineralogical Magazine
851:WikiJournal of Science
820:WikiJournal of Science
596:
1275:American Mineralogist
948:American Mineralogist
864:10.15347/WJS/2019.007
692:X-ray crystallography
585:
452:American Mineralogist
108:Strunz classification
1534:at Wikimedia Commons
1295:10.2138/am-2017-5875
1186:Mineralogical Record
824:academic peer review
601:nickel(II) carbonate
588:ball-and-stick model
445:, controlled by the
371:nickel(II) carbonate
178:a = 10.06, b = 8.75
1568:Monoclinic minerals
1402:"Widgiemoolthalite"
1337:1977AcCrB..33.1273A
1287:2017AmMin.102..595H
1229:2014PDiff..29S...2W
1159:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
1150:2021MinM...85..291W
1067:1997GeolT..13..230B
1014:1970Natur.226..691P
973:"Widgiemoolthalite"
897:"Widgiemoolthalite"
844:"Widgiemoolthalite"
603:that has undergone
494:that has undergone
118:Dana classification
1588:Carbonate minerals
1583:Magnesium minerals
1217:Powder Diffraction
799:refractive indices
696:optical microscope
597:
289:Optical properties
56:Carbonate minerals
1532:Widgiemoolthalite
1530:Media related to
1448:(9–10): 652–659.
1118:978-0-444-51802-6
1008:(5247): 691–693.
777:When viewed with
633:structural analog
605:mineral hydration
431:Western Australia
364:Widgiemoolthalite
361:
360:
281:
275:
249:Pale bluish-green
152:
24:Widgiemoolthalite
16:Carbonate mineral
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768:specific gravity
689:
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457:Ernest H. Nickel
415:Ernest H. Nickel
396:
347:Length fast/slow
298:Refractive index
279:
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265:Specific gravity
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144:Prismatic (2/m)
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66:(repeating unit)
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899:. Mineral Atlas
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779:polarized light
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751:Characteristics
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1520:External links
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524:hydrohonessite
504:crystal habits
492:nickel sulfide
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1409:. Retrieved
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981:. Retrieved
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832:CC-BY-SA-3.0
819:
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725:formula unit
713:
709:, occupying
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572:Anthropocene
552:paratacamite
489:
479:
450:
429:deposits in
424:
363:
362:
280:(calculated)
205:orthorhombic
162:
18:
795:optic angle
787:pleochroism
711:space group
540:nullaginite
528:kambaldaite
512:carrboydite
508:annabergite
455:in 1993 by
328:Pleochroism
292:Biaxial (+)
259:Transparent
255:Diaphaneity
158:Space group
1542:Categories
1411:January 7,
1406:WebMineral
977:Mindat.org
903:January 5,
809:References
805:of 0.010.
772:Mohs scale
705:system of
703:monoclinic
564:retgersite
496:weathering
486:Occurrence
477:IMA symbol
407:Mohs scale
366:is a rare
355:References
274:(observed)
222:Mohs scale
149:H-M symbol
133:Monoclinic
98:IMA symbol
1303:111388809
1198:211708719
1168:235729616
1083:140669594
881:Q81440318
873:2470-6345
834:license (
826:in 2019 (
721:unit cell
637:carbonate
578:Structure
560:reevesite
556:pecoraite
544:olivenite
532:magnesite
439:132 North
174:Unit cell
122:16b.7.1.2
1503:93689608
1253:98738242
1194:ProQuest
1030:16057474
877:Wikidata
857:(1): 7.
789:. It is
781:under a
707:symmetry
568:takovite
548:otwayite
536:nepouite
516:dolomite
500:gaspéite
403:gaspéite
368:hydrated
338:2V angle
306:= 1.630
225:hardness
212:Tenacity
53:Category
37:gaspéite
1333:Bibcode
1283:Bibcode
1245:1185457
1225:Bibcode
1146:Bibcode
1063:Bibcode
1038:4202704
1010:Bibcode
791:biaxial
668:(Ni,Mg)
609:(Ni,Mg)
421:Origins
375:(Ni,Mg)
312:= 1.640
216:Brittle
112:5.DA.05
71:(Ni,Mg)
62:Formula
48:General
1501:
1301:
1251:
1243:
1196:
1166:
1115:
1081:
1036:
1028:
1001:Nature
983:May 3,
879:
871:
764:streak
760:luster
719:/c. A
625:·5.12H
566:, and
427:nickel
245:Streak
235:Luster
147:(same
1499:S2CID
1479:(PDF)
1432:·5.5H
1363:(PDF)
1299:S2CID
1249:S2CID
1164:S2CID
1079:S2CID
1034:S2CID
944:(PDF)
847:(PDF)
757:silky
660:·4-5H
621:-(OH)
469:Perth
322:0.010
278:3.24
272:3.13
239:Silky
190:Color
1428:NiCO
1413:2016
1241:OSTI
1113:ISBN
1026:PMID
985:2016
905:2017
869:ISSN
837:2019
680:(OH)
656:(OH)
623:1.70
619:4.15
611:5.00
387:(OH)
350:Fast
342:High
332:None
83:(OH)
1491:doi
1450:doi
1446:642
1438:".
1377:doi
1373:112
1341:doi
1291:doi
1279:102
1233:doi
1154:doi
1109:216
1071:doi
1018:doi
1006:226
859:doi
684:·5H
672:(CO
648:(CO
613:(CO
480:Wmo
471:'s
391:·5H
379:(CO
229:3.5
102:Wmo
87:·5H
75:(CO
1544::
1497:.
1487:35
1485:.
1481:.
1444:.
1404:.
1371:.
1365:.
1339:.
1329:33
1327:.
1297:.
1289:.
1277:.
1247:.
1239:.
1231:.
1221:29
1219:.
1215:.
1190:25
1188:.
1176:^
1162:.
1152:.
1142:85
1140:.
1136:.
1111:.
1091:^
1077:.
1069:.
1059:13
1057:.
1032:.
1024:.
1016:.
1004:.
975:.
960:^
952:78
950:.
946:.
913:^
875:.
867:.
853:.
849:.
774:.
714:P2
644:Ni
586:A
562:,
558:,
554:,
550:,
546:,
542:,
538:,
534:,
530:,
526:,
522:,
518:,
514:,
510:,
482:.
168:/c
163:P2
1505:.
1493::
1456:.
1452::
1436:O
1434:2
1430:3
1415:.
1383:.
1379::
1347:.
1343::
1335::
1305:.
1293::
1285::
1255:.
1235::
1227::
1200:.
1170:.
1156::
1148::
1121:.
1085:.
1073::
1065::
1040:.
1020::
1012::
987:.
907:.
883:.
861::
855:2
745:β
741:Ă…
737:c
733:b
729:a
717:1
688:O
686:2
682:2
678:4
676:)
674:3
670:5
664:O
662:2
658:2
654:4
652:)
650:3
646:5
629:O
627:2
617:)
615:3
593:b
395:O
393:2
389:2
385:4
383:)
381:3
377:5
310:ε
308:n
304:ω
302:n
166:1
151:)
91:O
89:2
85:2
81:4
79:)
77:3
73:5
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