394:
198:
3487:
1893:
211:
3497:
1903:
129:. In its lower reaches, the river is about 0.75 km (0.5 mi) wide and the alluvial plain about 10 km (6 mi) wide. The annual flooding of the Nile no longer occurs and the fertility of the Nile Valley is now maintained by irrigation rather than the deposition of silt. Much of the Nile is bordered by flat land but in some places there are low cliffs. Where the river flows into the Mediterranean, there is an extensive fan-shaped
404:
19:
3507:
3517:
383:
74:
141:
278:
stems or leaves to store water. They include acacia trees, palms, succulents, spiny shrubs, and grasses. Some plants adopt an ephemeral life style, sprouting or springing into life when rain falls, rapidly reaching the flowering stage and producing long-lived durable seed. In depressions in the
Western Desert, some plant communities are dominated by
351:, the open patchy woodland being remnants of forests that used to cover this region. In the Gulf of Suez coastal area the rainfall is supplemented by condensation from clouds. Water may ooze from cracks, flow down runnels and collect in potholes. Here mosses, ferns and various vascular plants grow, and
277:
Large parts of the
Western Desert are completely devoid of vegetation. The plants that do grow are adapted to the arid conditions and tend to be small and wiry, have small, leathery leaves, long shallow roots to exploit any available water, prickles or thorns to deter herbivores, and sometimes thick
188:
rainfall from winds that have crossed the Red Sea; this may cause torrential flows in the wadis. The winters here are mild and the summers hot, and Gebel Elba is cooler and wetter than other parts. The northern areas of the country, particularly close to the coast, receive some precipitation from
117:
which connects the
Mediterranean Sea with the Indian Ocean by way of the Red Sea. This results in the flora and fauna having influences from both Africa and Asia, and the marine life from both the Atlantic / Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea / Indian Ocean.
183:
In general, Egypt is a very dry country. The
Western Desert receives only occasional rainfall, the winters being mild and the summers very hot. The Eastern Desert receives some precipitation in the south in the form of
152:, occupying about two-thirds of the area of the country. It consists largely of high stony and sandy plains with rocky plateaux in places. In the extreme southwest of the country on the border with Libya and Sudan, is
1858:
546:
The
Eastern Desert has a quite different range of fauna and has much in common with the Sinai Peninsula, showing the importance of the broad Nile in separating the two desert regions. Here are found the
1868:
1827:
3336:
2369:
1822:
1832:
2364:
2359:
1047:
1677:
1607:
1873:
353:
180:. The Sinai Peninsula is a mountainous area, deeply cleft by canyon-like wadis that flow towards the Gulf of Aqaba, the Gulf of Suez and the Mediterranean Sea.
1817:
1468:
1450:
583:
and white-crowned wheatear are typical of this region. The high rocky mountains of Gebel Elba in the south have a distinctive range of animals including the
220:
The Nile is the lifeline of Egypt, the land bordering the river being rendered fertile by the irrigation it receives. Crops grown in the Nile Valley include
1878:
1446:
370:
488:
2891:
1416:
1186:
368:
origin. Here soil and plant litter accumulates in crevices and depressions in the rock and provides anchorage for roots. The most common plant is
2138:
690:. Egypt is on a major bird migratory route between Eurasia and East Africa and around two hundred species of migrants pass through twice a year.
2760:
1108:
814:
2386:
2354:
3215:
2743:
2225:
1331:
3227:
2618:
1171:
2662:
2396:
1807:
1939:
3464:
1191:
1031:
995:
963:
936:
909:
860:
797:
3288:
2942:
2886:
2842:
2655:
2329:
2319:
2279:
1782:
1532:
3136:
1051:
2947:
2687:
2573:
3400:
3331:
3210:
2832:
2709:
2376:
2257:
2184:
2172:
2133:
2935:
2464:
765:
41:
of this country in northeastern Africa and southwestern Asia, and is substantial and varied. Apart from the fertile
3068:
2731:
2454:
1101:
45:, which bisects the country from south to north, the majority of Egypt's landscape is desert, with a few scattered
168:
lies south west of Cairo and is connected to the Nile by a channel. To the east of the Nile lies the much smaller
3427:
3395:
3148:
2874:
2284:
2004:
2996:
2790:
2753:
1442:
3283:
3078:
2484:
2009:
1992:
1617:
1206:
3195:
262:
has been introduced. The rich delta soil is used for the cultivation of grapes, vegetables and flowers. The
3546:
3259:
3063:
3031:
2847:
2479:
2349:
2272:
1863:
1489:
1485:
654:. About four hundred and eighty species of bird have been recorded, the globally endangered ones being the
65:. Each geographic region has a diversity of plants and animals each adapted to its own particular habitat.
3510:
3422:
3264:
3006:
2896:
2719:
2514:
2381:
2324:
2220:
2095:
1727:
1094:
3417:
3222:
3119:
3102:
3085:
3026:
2852:
2807:
2738:
2677:
2650:
2294:
2153:
1932:
1498:
602:
Birds are abundant in Egypt, especially in the Nile Valley and the Delta region. Birds of prey include
314:
3383:
3326:
3293:
3058:
2968:
2930:
2925:
2913:
2812:
2504:
2474:
2459:
2211:
1246:
458:
and more ostriches, a fauna akin to that of present-day East Africa. Nor does the country have many
185:
3459:
3439:
3247:
3073:
2869:
2857:
2694:
2672:
2339:
2289:
2230:
2189:
2065:
2060:
2026:
1987:
1777:
1742:
1697:
1549:
1525:
1481:
1356:
1346:
1151:
722:
702:
3541:
3368:
2991:
2726:
2578:
2551:
2536:
2531:
2267:
2167:
1667:
1662:
1557:
1361:
1251:
1181:
687:
471:
110:
671:
3520:
3449:
3378:
3200:
3168:
2862:
2800:
2795:
2509:
1974:
1787:
1762:
1657:
1577:
1567:
1421:
1341:
1306:
1291:
1276:
1231:
1166:
822:
728:
Over one hundred species of fish live in the Nile and the Delta region. Egypt also has a large
651:
576:
540:
524:
1472:
953:
926:
414:
At one time Egypt had a cooler, wetter climate than it has today; ancient tomb paintings show
393:
3454:
3346:
3316:
3205:
3185:
3131:
3043:
2682:
2640:
2635:
2613:
2421:
2411:
2196:
2075:
2043:
1925:
1752:
1747:
1627:
1296:
985:
899:
850:
679:
447:
365:
1074:
1021:
787:
3321:
3271:
3141:
2245:
2235:
1767:
1722:
1702:
1692:
1592:
1396:
1371:
1221:
1216:
1196:
1161:
1146:
347:
266:
that used to line the river are now restricted to the far south of the country, as are the
8:
3432:
3412:
3232:
3180:
3175:
3114:
3016:
2699:
2630:
2625:
2344:
2048:
1847:
1792:
1707:
1687:
1572:
1562:
1518:
1459:
1381:
1351:
1336:
1321:
1311:
1301:
1266:
1261:
1211:
1156:
1131:
663:
536:
568:
520:
3242:
3153:
3053:
2920:
2748:
2714:
2667:
2645:
2541:
2443:
2314:
2201:
2148:
1837:
1772:
1737:
1672:
1652:
1642:
1602:
1587:
1582:
1391:
1386:
1326:
1281:
1241:
1136:
1117:
655:
560:
532:
157:
3496:
3390:
3190:
3097:
3048:
3001:
2986:
2901:
2817:
2704:
2602:
2416:
2090:
2085:
2016:
1999:
1982:
1902:
1797:
1757:
1732:
1712:
1647:
1622:
1597:
1366:
1316:
1271:
1256:
1236:
1226:
1141:
1027:
991:
959:
932:
905:
876:
856:
793:
761:
659:
580:
564:
556:
475:
308:
280:
249:
202:
197:
82:
50:
3252:
3351:
3308:
3278:
3126:
2908:
2837:
2779:
2494:
2489:
2469:
2391:
2206:
2107:
2038:
2021:
1962:
1717:
1682:
1637:
1632:
1541:
1376:
1286:
1176:
675:
667:
596:
483:
451:
408:
332:
292:
3163:
3341:
3158:
3109:
3011:
2827:
2563:
2546:
2177:
2102:
588:
528:
479:
463:
326:
286:
263:
98:
3490:
3444:
3298:
3237:
3021:
2822:
2334:
2262:
2121:
2055:
718:
698:
572:
512:
397:
338:
320:
169:
3535:
3373:
3361:
3356:
3036:
2126:
1896:
548:
516:
500:
387:
237:
153:
149:
58:
364:
The flora of the Sinai
Peninsula mountains is very varied and is largely of
176:
on either flank. At the border with Sudan this rises to the rocky massif of
113:, providing a land bridge between Africa and Asia. This is traversed by the
3500:
3090:
2499:
2158:
706:
683:
592:
508:
435:
419:
271:
165:
54:
2519:
2250:
2240:
2033:
1906:
729:
714:
552:
467:
130:
122:
495:
Mammals of the
Western Desert have been depleted over the years and the
2568:
2526:
504:
431:
302:
297:
259:
210:
177:
172:, a high mountain ridge running parallel with the Red Sea, seamed with
134:
114:
102:
3407:
2879:
1086:
710:
423:
358:
267:
229:
214:
161:
126:
1072:
2080:
1510:
627:
584:
459:
403:
245:
73:
733:
717:
are largely barren, but the lake does support the last remaining
693:
About thirty species of snake occur in Egypt, about half of them
647:
639:
603:
455:
427:
415:
94:
62:
18:
983:
2112:
2070:
1917:
615:
254:
241:
225:
221:
106:
382:
2143:
1948:
694:
643:
635:
631:
623:
607:
507:
has probably gone as well. The remaining mammals include the
496:
443:
439:
90:
86:
46:
38:
34:
23:
140:
2556:
611:
233:
173:
160:, a large area of land some 133 m (436 ft) below
42:
374:, and rocky slopes support shrubs, semi-shrubs and trees.
101:, the Asian part of the country, which is bordered by the
904:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 69–71.
619:
951:
924:
897:
785:
709:. There are also numerous species of lizards. Above the
792:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 7–8.
958:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 293.
931:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 174.
345:
In the mountains of the
Eastern Desert grows the tree
156:, a mountainous region and in the northwest lies the
812:
3533:
1048:"Avibase – Bird Checklists of the World (Egypt)"
848:
121:The River Nile enters Egypt as it flows through
1026:. American Univ in Cairo Press. pp. 1–3.
1019:
855:. Twenty-First Century Books. pp. 13–14.
1933:
1526:
1102:
1073:Macfadyen, G.; Nasr-Allah, A.M.; Dickson, M.
531:. Notable birds from this desert include the
300:there are small lakes, reedbeds dominated by
755:
984:Pateman, Robert; El-Hamamsy, Salwa (2003).
474:(this may possibly extend into the Sudan),
1940:
1926:
1533:
1519:
1109:
1095:
1079:. WorldFish. p. 1. GGKEY:YFQSNDDE2WB.
979:
977:
975:
844:
842:
840:
781:
779:
777:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
402:
392:
381:
209:
196:
139:
72:
17:
891:
819:Country Pasture/Forage Resource Profile
751:
749:
3534:
1116:
972:
837:
774:
760:. Reed International. pp. 86–87.
2966:
2777:
2600:
2441:
1960:
1921:
1514:
1090:
1023:A Field Guide to the Mammals of Egypt
1004:
3516:
1540:
746:
462:species, these being limited to the
3506:
1076:The market for Egyptian farmed fish
952:Zahran, M.A.; Willis, A.J. (2013).
925:Zahran, M.A.; Willis, A.J. (2013).
898:Zahran, M.A.; Willis, A.J. (2013).
786:Zahran, M.A.; Willis, A.J. (2013).
503:are no longer found there, and the
258:. Fruit trees are planted here and
93:to the south. To the east lies the
13:
990:. Marshall Cavendish. p. 14.
244:. Date palms grow here as well as
14:
3558:
2887:Role of the Egyptian Armed Forces
148:To the west of the Nile lies the
3515:
3505:
3495:
3486:
3485:
2744:Refugees of the Syrian civil war
1947:
1901:
1892:
1891:
1417:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1187:Democratic Republic of the Congo
736:in semi-intensive pond systems.
274:that also used to be plentiful.
125:, formed by the building of the
49:. It has long coastlines on the
22:Vegetation beside the Nile near
3228:Identification card controversy
1066:
1040:
189:Mediterranean weather systems.
2134:Khedivate and Kingdom of Egypt
1859:British Indian Ocean Territory
945:
918:
869:
806:
133:area with channels, lakes and
1:
2442:
739:
2761:Twin towns and sister cities
2601:
2273:Assassination of Anwar Sadat
622:. Other large birds include
68:
7:
3289:Vehicle registration plates
2967:
2943:Water supply and sanitation
2778:
1961:
877:"Desert plants and animals"
482:, and two butterflies, the
438:on the upper Nile, between
10:
3563:
2948:Water resources management
315:Arthrocnemum macrostachyum
164:. Another depression, the
77:Topographical map of Egypt
3481:
3307:
2979:
2975:
2962:
2843:Impact on the environment
2833:Entrepreneurship policies
2786:
2773:
2609:
2596:
2450:
2437:
2405:
2307:
1973:
1969:
1956:
1887:
1846:
1806:
1548:
1430:
1405:
1124:
849:Zuehlke, Jeffrey (2002).
595:, and there may still be
81:Egypt is bordered by the
2614:Administrative divisions
2290:2011 Egyptian revolution
2231:1952 Egyptian revolution
2027:Lighthouse of Alexandria
1608:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
1172:Central African Republic
723:African softshell turtle
377:
192:
2818:Egyptian stock exchange
1869:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1020:Hoath, Richard (2009).
955:The Vegetation of Egypt
928:The Vegetation of Egypt
901:The Vegetation of Egypt
879:. Defenders of Wildlife
813:El-Nahrawy, Mohamed A.
789:The Vegetation of Egypt
688:yellow-breasted bunting
312:, and saltmarshes with
111:transcontinental nation
3149:International rankings
2154:Egyptian–Ethiopian War
577:streaked scrub warbler
541:white-crowned wheatear
525:lesser Egyptian jerboa
448:African bush elephants
411:
400:
390:
217:
207:
145:
78:
26:
2754:Terrorism and tourism
2212:1948 Arab–Israeli War
2044:Library of Alexandria
1332:São Tomé and Príncipe
1192:Republic of the Congo
821:. FAO. Archived from
680:slender-billed curlew
406:
396:
385:
354:Ficus pseudosycamorus
213:
200:
143:
76:
21:
3465:World Heritage Sites
3284:Units of measurement
2739:Proposed new capital
2485:Environmental issues
2246:United Arab Republic
2139:Muhammad Ali dynasty
1783:United Arab Emirates
1054:on 30 September 2007
697:. These include the
472:Mackilligin's gerbil
348:Balanites aegyptiaca
303:Phragmites australis
3547:Wildlife by country
3137:Freedom of religion
3032:Mass sexual assault
2397:Timekeeping devices
2295:2013 Rabaa massacre
2268:Egyptian–Libyan War
1810:limited recognition
1407:States with limited
1118:Wildlife of Africa
732:industry producing
664:Balearic shearwater
537:greater hoopoe-lark
33:is composed of the
3327:Art (contemporary)
3007:Capital punishment
2897:Telecommunications
2574:Towns and villages
2542:Qattara Depression
2355:Muslim Brotherhood
2325:Cigarette industry
2185:British occupation
2096:Crusader invasions
2066:Rashidun Caliphate
758:Atlas of the World
703:false smooth snake
656:red-breasted goose
561:golden spiny mouse
533:spotted sandgrouse
452:white rhinoceroses
412:
401:
391:
361:grow from cracks.
218:
208:
158:Qattara Depression
146:
79:
27:
3529:
3528:
3477:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3401:Football stadiums
3332:Botanical gardens
3211:Catholic dioceses
3103:Gender inequality
3027:Human trafficking
2958:
2957:
2892:Tallest buildings
2853:Military industry
2769:
2768:
2710:Political parties
2663:Islamic extremism
2651:Foreign relations
2592:
2591:
2433:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2173:French occupation
2091:Fatimid Caliphate
2086:Ikhshidid dynasty
1915:
1914:
1852:other territories
1542:Wildlife of Asia
1508:
1507:
1434:other territories
1207:Equatorial Guinea
1033:978-977-416-254-1
997:978-0-7614-1670-8
965:978-94-015-8066-3
938:978-94-015-8066-3
911:978-94-015-8066-3
862:978-0-8225-0367-5
852:Egypt in Pictures
799:978-94-015-8066-3
756:Philip's (1994).
672:Rüppell's vulture
660:white-headed duck
581:mourning wheatear
557:bushy-tailed jird
371:Artemisia inculta
309:Typha domingensis
281:Zygophyllum album
203:Zygophyllum album
83:Mediterranean Sea
51:Mediterranean Sea
31:wildlife of Egypt
3554:
3519:
3518:
3509:
3508:
3499:
3489:
3488:
3294:Waste management
3059:Academic grading
2977:
2976:
2964:
2963:
2936:Railway stations
2914:Cultural tourism
2813:Economic regions
2775:
2774:
2598:
2597:
2439:
2438:
2108:Mamluk Sultanate
2039:Diocese of Egypt
2022:Battle of Actium
1971:
1970:
1958:
1957:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1919:
1918:
1905:
1895:
1894:
1864:Christmas Island
1550:Sovereign states
1535:
1528:
1521:
1512:
1511:
1495:
1494:(United Kingdom)
1490:Tristan da Cunha
1486:Ascension Island
1478:
1465:
1456:
1432:Dependencies and
1125:Sovereign states
1111:
1104:
1097:
1088:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1050:. Archived from
1044:
1038:
1037:
1017:
1002:
1001:
981:
970:
969:
949:
943:
942:
922:
916:
915:
895:
889:
888:
886:
884:
873:
867:
866:
846:
835:
834:
832:
830:
810:
804:
803:
783:
772:
771:
753:
713:, the shores of
676:sociable lapwing
668:Egyptian vulture
597:African wild ass
489:Satyrium jebelia
484:Sinai baton blue
409:Egyptian vulture
333:Cladium mariscus
293:Tamarix nilotica
206:, a desert plant
89:to the west and
3562:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3525:
3469:
3460:Public holidays
3450:National anthem
3303:
3216:Coptic Churches
3159:Egyptian Arabic
3069:Medical schools
2971:
2954:
2870:Nuclear program
2782:
2765:
2695:Nationality law
2688:Supreme Council
2673:Law enforcement
2605:
2588:
2564:Sinai Peninsula
2547:Red Sea Riviera
2446:
2425:
2401:
2303:
2190:1919 revolution
2178:Revolt of Cairo
2103:Ayyubid dynasty
2081:Tulunid dynasty
1965:
1952:
1946:
1916:
1911:
1883:
1851:
1842:
1823:Northern Cyprus
1809:
1802:
1544:
1539:
1509:
1504:
1503:
1493:
1476:
1463:
1454:
1435:
1433:
1426:
1410:
1408:
1401:
1120:
1115:
1085:
1084:
1071:
1067:
1057:
1055:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1018:
1005:
998:
982:
973:
966:
950:
946:
939:
923:
919:
912:
896:
892:
882:
880:
875:
874:
870:
863:
847:
838:
828:
826:
825:on 19 July 2012
811:
807:
800:
784:
775:
768:
754:
747:
742:
719:Nile crocodiles
589:striped polecat
480:Nile Delta toad
464:Egyptian weasel
407:The endangered
380:
327:Alhagi maurorum
287:Nitraria retusa
195:
144:Desert in Sinai
99:Sinai Peninsula
71:
12:
11:
5:
3560:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3542:Biota of Egypt
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3513:
3503:
3493:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3410:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3396:Football clubs
3388:
3387:
3386:
3381:
3371:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3359:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3313:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3203:
3198:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3151:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3129:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3040:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2992:Animal welfare
2989:
2983:
2981:
2973:
2972:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2875:Power stations
2872:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2823:Egyptian pound
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2793:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2727:Prime Minister
2724:
2723:
2722:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2594:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2532:Northern coast
2529:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2282:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2263:Yom Kippur War
2255:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2146:
2141:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2105:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2058:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2007:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1985:
1979:
1977:
1967:
1966:
1954:
1953:
1945:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1922:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1899:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1855:
1853:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1814:
1812:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1554:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1538:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1515:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1499:Western Sahara
1496:
1479:
1466:
1457:
1443:Canary Islands
1439:
1438:
1436:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1114:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1091:
1083:
1082:
1065:
1039:
1032:
1003:
996:
971:
964:
944:
937:
917:
910:
890:
868:
861:
836:
805:
798:
773:
766:
744:
743:
741:
738:
699:Egyptian cobra
652:golden orioles
599:in this area.
573:sand partridge
565:Blanford's fox
513:dorcas gazelle
476:Flower's shrew
420:hippopotamuses
398:Dorcas gazelle
379:
376:
366:Irano-Turanian
339:Cressa cretica
321:Juncus rigidus
272:hippopotamuses
194:
191:
170:Eastern Desert
150:Western Desert
85:to the north,
70:
67:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3559:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3522:
3514:
3512:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3492:
3484:
3483:
3480:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3322:Art (ancient)
3320:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3273:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3201:Blasphemy law
3199:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3170:
3169:Sign Language
3167:
3165:
3164:Saʽidi Arabic
3162:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3096:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2965:
2961:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2802:
2801:National Bank
2799:
2798:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2776:
2772:
2762:
2759:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2599:
2595:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2445:
2440:
2436:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2127:Ottoman Egypt
2125:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1943:
1938:
1936:
1931:
1929:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1898:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1833:South Ossetia
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1536:
1531:
1529:
1524:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1500:
1497:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1480:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1461:
1458:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1429:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1404:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1247:Guinea-Bissau
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1107:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1078:
1077:
1069:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1035:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
999:
993:
989:
988:
980:
978:
976:
967:
961:
957:
956:
948:
940:
934:
930:
929:
921:
913:
907:
903:
902:
894:
878:
872:
864:
858:
854:
853:
845:
843:
841:
824:
820:
816:
809:
801:
795:
791:
790:
782:
780:
778:
769:
767:0-540-05831-9
763:
759:
752:
750:
745:
737:
735:
731:
726:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
691:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
600:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
569:Rüppell's fox
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
549:striped hyena
544:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
521:Rüppell's fox
518:
517:Barbary sheep
514:
510:
506:
502:
501:scimitar oryx
498:
493:
491:
490:
485:
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469:
468:pallid gerbil
465:
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388:pallid gerbil
384:
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264:papyrus reeds
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109:. Egypt is a
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59:Gulf of Aqaba
56:
52:
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40:
36:
32:
25:
20:
16:
3347:Coat of arms
3317:Architecture
3206:Christianity
3186:Prostitution
3132:Human rights
3091:Abaza family
3079:Universities
3044:Demographics
2997:Billionaires
2641:Constitution
2636:Conscription
2619:Governorates
2583:
2500:Halfaya Pass
2370:1954–present
2330:Constitution
2285:2010s Crisis
2197:World War II
2159:Urabi revolt
2076:Islamization
2010:31st Dynasty
2005:27th Dynasty
1848:Dependencies
1778:Turkmenistan
1743:Saudi Arabia
1612:
1482:Saint Helena
1453:
1357:South Africa
1347:Sierra Leone
1201:
1152:Burkina Faso
1075:
1068:
1056:. Retrieved
1052:the original
1042:
1022:
986:
954:
947:
927:
920:
900:
893:
881:. Retrieved
871:
851:
827:. Retrieved
823:the original
818:
808:
788:
757:
727:
707:horned viper
692:
684:saker falcon
601:
593:common genet
545:
509:rhim gazelle
494:
487:
436:Silwa Bahari
413:
386:The endemic
369:
363:
357:and stunted
352:
346:
344:
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331:
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291:
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166:Faiyum Oasis
147:
135:salt marshes
120:
80:
55:Gulf of Suez
30:
28:
15:
3511:WikiProject
3272:Scientology
3142:LGBT rights
3064:Law schools
2848:Lighthouses
2791:Agriculture
2520:Mount Sinai
2480:Earthquakes
2280:Mubarak era
2251:Six-Day War
2241:Suez Crisis
2236:Land reform
1983:Prehistoric
1907:Asia portal
1808:States with
1728:Philippines
1668:South Korea
1663:North Korea
1558:Afghanistan
1409:recognition
1362:South Sudan
1252:Ivory Coast
730:aquaculture
715:Lake Nasser
553:Nubian ibex
529:Giza gerbil
432:petroglyphs
123:Lake Nasser
43:Nile Valley
3536:Categories
3423:Newspapers
3413:Mass media
3265:Synagogues
3233:Irreligion
3181:Literature
3176:Liberalism
3115:Healthcare
3017:Corruption
2700:Parliament
2631:Corruption
2626:Civil Code
2569:Suez Canal
2527:Nile Delta
2412:Alexandria
2382:Population
2377:Parliament
2345:Healthcare
2226:Nasser era
2000:Achaemenid
1975:Chronology
1788:Uzbekistan
1763:Tajikistan
1678:Kyrgyzstan
1658:Kazakhstan
1578:Bangladesh
1568:Azerbaijan
1464:(Portugal)
1422:Somaliland
1342:Seychelles
1307:Mozambique
1292:Mauritania
1277:Madagascar
1232:The Gambia
1167:Cape Verde
883:2 February
829:2 February
740:References
725:in Egypt.
628:flamingoes
505:Atlas lion
430:, and the
424:crocodiles
359:date palms
298:Siwa Oasis
268:crocodiles
260:eucalyptus
240:crops and
186:orographic
178:Gebel Elba
115:Suez Canal
103:Gaza Strip
97:, and the
3418:Magazines
3408:Egyptians
3243:Ahmadiyya
3154:Languages
3120:Hospitals
3054:Education
2921:Transport
2880:Aswan Dam
2808:Companies
2749:Terrorism
2715:President
2678:Massacres
2668:Judiciary
2646:Elections
2515:Mountains
2444:Geography
2422:Port Said
2365:1939–1954
2360:1928–1938
2315:Anarchism
2258:Sadat era
2202:Sultanate
2149:Khedivate
2049:Christian
2017:Ptolemaic
1874:Hong Kong
1828:Palestine
1753:Sri Lanka
1748:Singapore
1628:Indonesia
1297:Mauritius
711:Aswan Dam
428:ostriches
296:. In the
230:sugarcane
215:Date palm
162:sea level
127:Aswan Dam
69:Geography
3491:Category
3455:Olympics
3391:Football
3223:Hinduism
3191:Religion
3098:Feminism
3086:Families
3049:Diaspora
3012:Censuses
3002:Cannabis
2987:Abortion
2931:Airports
2926:Airlines
2902:Internet
2705:Passport
2683:Military
2656:Missions
2603:Politics
2584:Wildlife
2308:By topic
2221:Republic
2056:Sassanid
1897:Category
1818:Abkhazia
1768:Thailand
1723:Pakistan
1703:Mongolia
1698:Maldives
1693:Malaysia
1593:Cambodia
1488: /
1484: /
1477:(France)
1471: /
1449: /
1445: /
1397:Zimbabwe
1372:Tanzania
1222:Ethiopia
1217:Eswatini
1197:Djibouti
1162:Cameroon
1147:Botswana
695:venomous
648:sunbirds
640:pelicans
604:vultures
585:aardwolf
416:giraffes
246:sycamore
238:oil seed
61:and the
3521:Commons
3440:Museums
3384:regions
3352:Cuisine
3337:Castles
3309:Culture
3279:Smoking
3260:Judaism
3248:Mosques
3127:Housing
3074:Schools
2980:General
2969:Society
2909:Tourism
2838:Fishing
2796:Banking
2780:Economy
2505:Islands
2495:Geology
2490:Fossils
2475:Deserts
2470:Climate
2460:Borders
2406:By city
2392:Saladin
2340:Genetic
2320:Capital
2207:Kingdom
2122:Ottoman
1988:Ancient
1963:History
1793:Vietnam
1708:Myanmar
1688:Lebanon
1618:Georgia
1573:Bahrain
1563:Armenia
1473:Réunion
1469:Mayotte
1460:Madeira
1455:(Spain)
1451:Melilla
1382:Tunisia
1352:Somalia
1337:Senegal
1322:Nigeria
1312:Namibia
1302:Morocco
1267:Liberia
1262:Lesotho
1212:Eritrea
1182:Comoros
1157:Burundi
1132:Algeria
815:"Egypt"
734:tilapia
616:falcons
460:endemic
456:gerenuk
446:, show
242:peanuts
226:cereals
95:Red Sea
63:Red Sea
3501:Portal
3342:Cinema
3196:Baháʼí
3110:Health
2858:Mining
2828:Energy
2552:Rivers
2465:Cities
2387:Postal
2168:Modern
2113:Mamluk
2071:Fustat
2061:Muslim
1993:topics
1951:topics
1838:Taiwan
1773:Turkey
1738:Russia
1673:Kuwait
1653:Jordan
1643:Israel
1603:Cyprus
1588:Brunei
1583:Bhutan
1492:
1475:
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1327:Rwanda
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1242:Guinea
1137:Angola
1058:24 May
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935:
908:
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764:
636:egrets
632:herons
624:storks
608:eagles
591:, and
571:. The
255:Acacia
222:cotton
107:Israel
57:, the
53:, the
3445:Music
3428:Radio
3369:Films
3299:Women
3253:Niqāb
3238:Islam
3022:Crime
2863:Mines
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2144:Nahda
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1949:Egypt
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1758:Syria
1733:Qatar
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1648:Japan
1623:India
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1367:Sudan
1317:Niger
1272:Libya
1257:Kenya
1237:Ghana
1227:Gabon
1202:Egypt
1142:Benin
987:Egypt
644:quail
612:hawks
497:addax
444:Aswan
440:Luxor
378:Fauna
250:carob
234:beans
193:Flora
174:wadis
131:delta
91:Sudan
87:Libya
47:oases
39:fauna
35:flora
24:Aswan
3379:list
3374:Flag
3362:Wine
3357:Beer
3037:Rape
2732:list
2720:list
2557:Nile
2350:Jews
1718:Oman
1683:Laos
1638:Iraq
1633:Iran
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1287:Mali
1177:Chad
1060:2007
1028:ISBN
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