406:
1093:
33:
459:
led him to an explanation of its mechanism which appeared to be more in accordance with the facts. The question, however, was one of much difficulty, and at the time the exact course of the reaction appears to await solution. These researches incidentally solved the constitution of
564:
Otto N. Witt (1911). "Obituary notices: Friedrich Konrad
Beilstein, 1838–1906; Emil Erlenmeyer, 1825–1909; Rudolph Fittig, 1835–1910; Hans Heinrich Landolt, 1831–1910; Nikolai Alexandrovitsch Menschutkin, 1842–1907; Sir Walter Palmer, Bart., 1858–1910".
1173:
518:(1st ed., 1872; 3rd, 1882). His researches were recognized by many scientific societies and institutions, the Royal Society awarding him the Davy medal in 1906.
1108:
1113:
396:. Fittig's interpretation of his results was incorrect and the products formed were not identified until more than a decade later when
683:
1168:
1158:
1153:
1034:
928:
659:
681:(2002). "What Is a Discovery? Carbon Skeletal Rearrangements as Counter-Examples to the Rule of Minimal Structural Change".
986:
953:
857:
793:
757:
724:
1163:
829:
603:
400:
independently prepared trimethylacetic acid and confirmed it was the same product as Fittig had prepared.
527:
484:
by loss of water was of much importance, since it afforded valuable evidence as to the constitution of
278:
160:
104:
537:
238:
206:
114:
597:
302:
1128:
488:. They also investigated certain hydrocarbons occurring in the high boiling point fraction of the
912:
297:. He subsequently held several appointments at Göttingen, becoming Wöhler's assistant in 1858,
1060:
643:
848:
820:
449:
413:
365:
122:
1148:
1143:
393:
57:
824:
324:
provided material for his earlier work. He observed that aldehydes and ketones may suffer
8:
920:
79:
919:. Science of Synthesis: Houben-Weyl Methods of Molecular Transformations. Vol. 48.
301:
in 1860 and extraordinary professor in 1870. In 1870 he was appointed full professor at
294:
176:
784:
592:
397:
290:
172:
352:. The unsaturated acids also received much attention, and he discovered the internal
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924:
700:
655:
473:
441:
313:
1069:
1026:
1022:
995:
962:
944:
897:
893:
866:
802:
766:
733:
692:
678:
648:
Organic
Syntheses Based on Name Reactions: A Practical Guide to 750 Transformations
574:
510:
Fittig published two widely used textbooks; be edited several editions of Wohler's
477:
167:
465:
456:
234:
639:
429:
1137:
1104:
1099:
1073:
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345:
83:
481:
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696:
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469:
437:
417:
298:
246:
242:
578:
485:
433:
425:
262:
241:
for the synthesis of alkylbenzenes, he proposed a diketone structure for
230:
1117:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 440.
504:
492:
389:
385:
306:
210:
186:
132:
75:
951:[On the synthesis of the hydrocarbons of the benzene series].
405:
376:. His work involved the preparation of 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-butanediol (
373:
353:
150:
88:
1055:
981:
948:
852:
788:
752:
719:
651:
500:
489:
461:
333:
317:
266:
258:
250:
218:
214:
1098:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
722:[About some metamorphoses of the acetone of acetic acid].
32:
445:
381:
377:
361:
357:
286:
254:
202:
201:(6 December 1835 – 19 November 1910) was a German
118:
53:
532:
337:
321:
226:
222:
92:
884:"Wurtz Synthesis (Wurtz Reaction, Wurtz Reductive Coupling)".
421:
344:; and also that certain pinacones when distilled with dilute
325:
282:
1174:
Members of the Göttingen
Academy of Sciences and Humanities
949:"Ueber die Synthese der Kohlenwasserstoffe der Benzolreihe"
369:
384:, followed by the rearrangement to 3,3-dimethylbutanone (
913:"48.1.2.4 Method 4: Reductive Coupling of Alkyl Halides"
336:, and sometimes acid solution to secondary and tertiary
309:, where the laboratories were erected from his designs.
720:"Ueber einige Metamorphosen des Acetons der Essigsäure"
329:
622:
620:
618:
616:
614:
911:
Kantchev, Eric Asssen B.; Organ, Michael G. (2014).
611:
673:
671:
638:
1015:Comprehensive Organic Name Reactions and Reagents
886:Comprehensive Organic Name Reactions and Reagents
855:[About a new class of organic radicals].
1135:
1129:Genealogy database entry, University of Illinois
825:"Sur une Nouvelle Classe de Radicaux Organiques"
668:
591:
364:. He also discovered what is now known as the
827:[On a New Class of Organic Radicals].
503:was owed to Fittig, who in collaboration with
1049:
943:
910:
853:"Ueber eine neue Klasse organischer Radicale"
755:[About some derivatives of acetone].
372:rearrange to aldehydes or ketones under acid
563:
984:[About ethyl- and diethylbenzene].
979:
595:; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905).
253:. He discovered and synthesized the first
31:
499:. Much initial knowledge of the alkaloid
1103:
783:
626:
312:Fittig's research covered wide areas of
980:Fittig, Rudolph; König, Joseph (1867).
684:Angewandte Chemie International Edition
432:method by showing that a mixture of an
424:residues combined to form more complex
1136:
791:[About trimethylacetic acid].
750:
717:
677:
507:established its constitution in 1871.
982:"Ueber das Aethyl- und Diäthylbenzol"
847:
819:
607:(1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
559:
557:
555:
553:
448:. This process is now known as the
440:, under similar treatment, yielded
416:showed that when sodium acted upon
13:
1058:[Synthesis of α-Naphtol].
753:"Ăśber einige Derivate des Acetons"
585:
289:in 1858, under the supervision of
54:Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg
14:
1185:
1122:
987:Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie
954:Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie
858:Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie
794:Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie
758:Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie
725:Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie
644:"FITTIG Pinacolone Rearrangement"
550:
1091:
830:Annales de Chimie et de Physique
512:Grundriss der organischen Chemie
404:
388:), which was then oxidised with
277:Fittig studied chemistry at the
16:German chemist (1835–1910)
1043:
1006:
973:
937:
904:
877:
841:
495:and solved the constitution of
464:, the odoriferous principle of
348:gave compounds, which he named
257:and investigated structures of
221:. Fittig studied the action of
1027:10.1002/9780470638859.conrr686
898:10.1002/9780470638859.conrr685
813:
777:
744:
711:
642:; Namboothiri, Irishi (2012).
632:
604:New International Encyclopedia
514:(11th ed., 1887) and wrote an
1:
1169:19th-century German inventors
543:
472:'s observation that Îł-phenyl
1159:20th-century German chemists
1154:19th-century German chemists
340:, substances which he named
7:
789:"Ueber Trimethylessigsäure"
521:
10:
1190:
1084:
947:; Fittig, Rudolph (1864).
528:2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid
1056:"Synthese des α-Naphtols"
1013:"Wurtz-Fittig Reaction".
915:. In Hiemstra, H. (ed.).
538:Pinacol coupling reaction
272:
207:pinacol coupling reaction
192:
182:
166:
156:
146:
139:
128:
110:
100:
64:
39:
30:
23:
1074:10.1002/cber.18830160115
1000:10.1002/jlac.18671440308
967:10.1002/jlac.18641310307
871:10.1002/jlac.18550960310
807:10.1002/jlac.18731700114
771:10.1002/jlac.18601140107
738:10.1002/jlac.18591100104
428:; Fittig developed this
1164:Scientists from Hamburg
1114:Encyclopædia Britannica
285:with a dissertation on
279:University of Göttingen
161:University of Göttingen
105:University of Göttingen
1061:Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.
697:10.1002/anie.200290007
598:"Fittig, Rudolf"
455:His investigations on
303:University of TĂĽbingen
199:Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig
25:Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig
450:Wurtz-Fittig reaction
414:Charles-Adolphe Wurtz
366:pinacol rearrangement
239:Wurtz–Fittig reaction
123:Pinacol rearrangement
654:. pp. 158–159.
579:10.1039/CT9119901646
567:J. Chem. Soc., Trans
394:trimethylacetic acid
233:. He discovered the
205:. He discovered the
58:German Confederation
1021:: 3100–3104. 2010.
921:Georg Thieme Verlag
892:: 3094–3099. 2010.
785:Butlerov, Aleksandr
751:Fittig, R. (1860).
718:Fittig, R. (1859).
516:Unorganische Chemie
398:Aleksandr Butlerov
291:Heinrich Limpricht
173:Heinrich Limpricht
1050:Fittig, Rudolph;
1036:978-0-470-63885-9
945:Tollens, Bernhard
930:978-3-13-178481-0
691:(24): 4655–4660.
679:Berson, Jerome A.
661:978-0-08-096630-4
474:structural analog
457:Perkin's reaction
314:organic chemistry
196:
195:
183:Doctoral students
141:Scientific career
1181:
1118:
1097:
1095:
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908:
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874:
845:
839:
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817:
811:
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801:(1–2): 151–162.
781:
775:
774:
748:
742:
741:
715:
709:
708:
675:
666:
665:
650:(3rd ed.).
636:
630:
624:
609:
608:
600:
589:
583:
582:
561:
480:readily yielded
478:isocrotonic acid
408:
295:Friedrich Wöhler
281:, graduating as
177:Friedrich Wöhler
168:Doctoral advisor
71:
68:19 November 1910
49:
47:
35:
21:
20:
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1107:, ed. (1911). "
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978:
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846:
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818:
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676:
669:
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640:Hassner, Alfred
637:
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551:
546:
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305:and in 1876 at
275:
235:Fittig reaction
121:
117:
115:Fittig reaction
101:Alma mater
96:
86:
80:Alsace–Lorraine
73:
69:
60:
51:
50:6 December 1835
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26:
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1123:External links
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1109:Fittig, Rudolf
1105:Chisholm, Hugh
1086:
1083:
1080:
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1042:
1035:
1005:
994:(3): 277–294.
972:
961:(3): 303–323.
936:
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903:
876:
865:(3): 364–375.
840:
821:Wurtz, Adolphe
812:
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72:(aged 74)
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1100:public domain
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1064:(in German).
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1052:Erdmann, Hugo
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832:
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797:(in German).
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627:Chisholm 1911
623:
621:
619:
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599:
594:
593:Gilman, D. C.
588:
580:
576:
573:: 1646–1668.
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468:. Fittig and
467:
463:
458:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
418:alkyl iodides
415:
407:
403:
402:
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399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
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347:
346:sulfuric acid
343:
339:
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331:
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308:
304:
300:
296:
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288:
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252:
248:
245:and isolated
244:
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200:
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84:German Empire
81:
77:
67:
63:
59:
55:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1112:
1068:(1): 43–44.
1065:
1059:
1045:
1018:
1014:
1008:
991:
985:
975:
958:
952:
939:
916:
906:
889:
885:
879:
862:
856:
843:
834:
828:
815:
798:
792:
779:
765:(1): 54–63.
762:
756:
746:
732:(1): 23–45.
729:
723:
713:
688:
682:
647:
634:
602:
587:
570:
566:
515:
511:
509:
497:phenanthrene
454:
438:alkyl halide
426:hydrocarbons
411:
349:
341:
311:
299:privatdozent
276:
247:phenanthrene
243:benzoquinone
231:hydrocarbons
198:
197:
157:Institutions
140:
70:(1910-11-19)
18:
1149:1910 deaths
1144:1835 births
486:naphthalene
434:aryl halide
350:pinacolines
263:naphthalene
1138:Categories
837:: 275–312.
544:References
505:Ira Remsen
493:distillate
482:α-naphthol
442:homologues
390:dichromate
386:pinacolone
368:, whereby
354:anhydrides
307:Strassburg
211:mesitylene
187:Ira Remsen
133:Davy Medal
76:Strasbourg
46:1835-12-06
849:Wurtz, A.
412:In 1855,
374:catalysis
370:1,2-diols
360:, termed
342:pinacones
326:reduction
318:aldehydes
151:Chemistry
89:Grand Est
1054:(1883).
851:(1855).
823:(1855).
787:(1873).
705:12481317
652:Elsevier
522:See also
501:piperine
490:coal tar
466:woodruff
462:coumarin
362:lactones
358:oxyacids
334:alkaline
267:fluorene
259:piperine
255:lactones
251:coal tar
219:biphenyl
215:diacetyl
1102::
1085:Sources
917:Alkanes
470:Erdmann
446:benzene
436:and an
382:acetone
380:) from
378:pinacol
338:glycols
330:neutral
322:ketones
287:acetone
227:ketones
203:chemist
119:Lactone
1096:
1033:
927:
703:
658:
533:Durene
420:, the
316:. The
273:Career
265:, and
223:sodium
147:Fields
135:(1906)
129:Awards
93:France
422:alkyl
283:Ph.D.
249:from
87:(now
1031:ISBN
925:ISBN
701:PMID
656:ISBN
320:and
293:and
229:and
217:and
175:and
65:Died
40:Born
1111:".
1070:doi
1023:doi
1019:686
996:doi
992:144
963:doi
959:131
894:doi
890:685
867:doi
803:doi
799:170
767:doi
763:114
734:doi
730:110
693:doi
575:doi
476:of
444:of
392:to
356:of
328:in
237:or
225:on
1140::
1066:16
1029:.
1017:.
923:.
888:.
863:96
835:44
699:.
689:41
687:.
670:^
646:.
613:^
601:.
571:99
569:.
552:^
452:.
332:,
269:.
261:,
213:,
209:,
91:,
82:,
78:,
56:,
1076:.
1072::
1039:.
1025::
1002:.
998::
969:.
965::
933:.
900:.
896::
873:.
869::
809:.
805::
773:.
769::
740:.
736::
707:.
695::
664:.
629:.
581:.
577::
95:)
48:)
44:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
