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332:. He developed 'ductile tungsten', which could be more easily drawn into filaments, by purifying tungsten oxide. Starting in 1911, General Electric marketed lamps using the new metal and they soon became an important source of income for GE. He applied for and received a patent (US#1,082,933) for this 'invention' in 1913. However, in 1928 a US court ruled that his 1913 patent was not valid as an invention.
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Wolff, Michael F. (1984). "William D. Coolidge: Shirt-sleeves manager: Famous for two wide-ranging inventions, this engineer proved himself an innovative manager as he guided the renowned GE Research
Laboratory through some of its most turbulent years".
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Coolidge became director of the GE research laboratory in 1932, and a vice-president of
General Electric in 1940, until his retirement in 1944. He continued to consult for GE after retirement.
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385:(US patent filed in 1913 and granted as US Patent 1,203,495 in 1916). Its basic design is still in use. He also invented the first rotating anode X-ray tube.
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416:. He rejected this prestigious award in 1926 on the basis that his ductile tungsten patent (1913) was ruled by court as invalid. He was awarded the
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Briant and, C.L.; Bewlay, Bernard P. (1995). "The
Coolidge Process for Making Tungsten Ductile: The Foundation of Incandescent Lighting".
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Furfari, F.A.T.; Brittain, J.E. (2004). "History - William D. Coolidge and
Ductile Tungsten".
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and a vice-president of the corporation. He was also famous for the development of "ductile
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for his invention of the hot cathode X-ray tube in 1963. In 1975 he was elected to the
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Brittain, J.E. (2006). "Electrical
Engineering Hall of Fame: William D. Coolidge".
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machines that allowed for more intense visualization of deep-seated anatomy and
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For his contributions to the incandescent electric lighting and the X-rays art
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General
Electric Co. v. De Forest Radio Co., 28 F.2d 641, 643 (3rd Cir. 1928)
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his contributions to the incandescent electric lighting and the X-rays art
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252:; October 23, 1873 – February 3, 1975) was an American
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with info about his 1926 Franklin Award for the x-ray tube
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Members of the United States
National Academy of Sciences
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Protection of global biodiversity: converging strategies
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William
Coolidge's Case File at The Franklin Institute
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William
Coolidge explains medical imaging and X-rays.
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in 1944. The city of
Remscheid awarded him with the
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304:. From 1899 to 1905 he was a research assistant to
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1100:Andrea Sella's Classic Kit: Coolidge's X-ray Tube
806:"National Academy of Sciences Memorial Biography"
397:, of which he was a member, awarded Coolidge the
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1095:National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir
949:History William D. Coolidge and Ductile Tungsten
847:
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1374:Members of the American Philosophical Society
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401:in 1914. He was elected to the United States
374:. The Coolidge tube, which also utilized a
834:Lakshman D. Guruswamy, Jeffrey A. McNeely,
272:", which is important for the incandescent
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407:American Institute of Electrical Engineers
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444:, shortly before his death at age 101 in
316:Coolidge went to work as a researcher at
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
1106:Yankee scientist: William David Coolidge
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32:This article includes a list of general
880:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
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838:. Duke University Press, 1998, p.333.
395:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
298:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
264:machines. He was the director of the
150:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
308:of the Chemistry Department at MIT.
266:General Electric Research Laboratory
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1108:, Mohawk Development Service, 1963
1008:IEEE Industry Applications Magazine
953:IEEE Industry Applications Magazine
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428:in 1938. Coolidge was awarded the
405:in 1925. Coolidge was awarded the
260:, who made major contributions to
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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1354:People from Hudson, Massachusetts
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362:, an X-ray tube with an improved
284:Coolidge was born on a farm near
1369:Howard N. Potts Medal recipients
1339:MIT School of Engineering alumni
360:Coolidge tube (hot cathode tube)
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1344:20th-century American inventors
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442:National Inventors Hall of Fame
424:in 1927. He was elected to the
16:American physicist and engineer
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808:. National Academy of Sciences
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426:American Philosophical Society
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432:in 1939. He was awarded the
1379:Recipients of Franklin Medal
1334:IEEE Edison Medal recipients
403:National Academy of Sciences
296:from 1891 until 1896 at the
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984:10.1109/MSPEC.1984.6370272
664:X-ray apparatus and method
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1349:American men centenarians
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876:"William David Coolidge"
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358:In 1913 he invented the
1045:Proceedings of the IEEE
189:Duddell Medal and Prize
53:more precise citations.
1242:George Ashley Campbell
1104:John Anderson Miller,
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294:electrical engineering
221:William David Coolidge
209:Electrical engineering
1200:Arthur Edwin Kennelly
779:U.S. patent 1,971,812
766:U.S. patent 1,967,869
753:U.S. patent 1,946,312
740:U.S. patent 1,917,099
724:U.S. patent 1,714,975
711:U.S. patent 1,659,133
698:U.S. patent 1,655,455
685:U.S. patent 1,600,867
672:U.S. patent 1,550,507
659:U.S. patent 1,550,506
646:U.S. patent 1,543,654
633:U.S. patent 1,541,627
620:U.S. patent 1,529,344
607:U.S. patent 1,502,907
595:U.S. patent 1,437,290
582:U.S. patent 1,430,550
569:U.S. patent 1,409,989
556:U.S. patent 1,394,143
543:U.S. patent 1,365,638
530:U.S. patent 1,310,061
514:U.S. patent 1,250,093
501:U.S. patent 1,215,116
486:U.S. patent 1,211,092
477:U.S. patent 1,203,495
468:U.S. patent 1,082,933
418:Howard N. Potts Medal
353:
302:University of Leipzig
146:University of Leipzig
126:Schenectady, New York
107:Hudson, Massachusetts
929:search.amphilsoc.org
925:"APS Member History"
1324:American physicists
1164:William D. Coolidge
422:Louis E. Levy Medal
336:Improved X-ray tube
85:William D. Coolidge
1266:Ernst Alexanderson
1254:Edwin H. Armstrong
1212:Lewis B. Stillwell
947:James E. Brittain
901:"William Coolidge"
600:X-ray tube shield'
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1302:Otto B. Blackwell
1296:Karl B. McEachron
1248:John B. Whitehead
1230:Dugald C. Jackson
1206:Willis R. Whitney
1194:Bancroft Gherardi
1150:IEEE Edison Medal
1051:(11): 2045–2048.
905:www.nasonline.org
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452:Later career
448:, New York.
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410:Edison Medal
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175:Hughes Medal
120:(1975-02-03)
65:
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1364:1975 deaths
1359:1873 births
1014:(5): 9–10.
446:Schenectady
366:for use in
330:light bulbs
280:Early years
134:Nationality
51:introducing
1318:Categories
963:References
934:2023-05-18
910:2023-05-18
886:2023-05-18
812:2008-05-09
776:Coolidge,
763:Coolidge,
758:X-ray tube
750:Coolidge,
745:X-ray tube
737:Coolidge,
721:Coolidge,
708:Coolidge,
695:Coolidge,
682:Coolidge,
669:Coolidge,
656:Coolidge,
643:Coolidge,
630:Coolidge,
617:Coolidge,
604:Coolidge,
592:Coolidge,
579:Coolidge,
566:Coolidge,
553:Coolidge,
540:Coolidge,
527:Coolidge,
511:Coolidge,
498:Coolidge,
492:X-ray tube
483:Coolidge,
474:Coolidge,
465:Coolidge,
274:light bulb
59:March 2013
34:references
1224:Gano Dunn
1157:1926–1950
1065:0018-9219
1028:1077-2618
992:0018-9235
383:radiology
326:filaments
254:physicist
1218:Alex Dow
1036:39008486
412:in 1927
379:filament
376:tungsten
322:tungsten
270:tungsten
258:engineer
137:American
1000:3204491
460:Patents
364:cathode
47:improve
1304:(1950)
1298:(1949)
1292:(1948)
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1166:(1927)
1112:
1063:
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998:
990:
729:X-ray
389:Awards
372:tumors
286:Hudson
205:Fields
192:(1941)
185:(1939)
178:(1927)
171:(1927)
164:Awards
128:, U.S.
109:, U.S.
36:, but
1032:S2CID
996:S2CID
791:Notes
731:anode
368:X-ray
262:X-ray
1110:ISBN
1061:ISSN
1024:ISSN
988:ISSN
393:The
256:and
115:Died
100:Born
1053:doi
1016:doi
980:doi
951:in
858:doi
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727:, "
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