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333:. This theory that held that a hit team from the 20th special forces group was to kill King if a police sharpshooter failed. This group was supposedly led by a man named Billy Eidson, who Pepper claimed had since been killed in a coverup. Eidson was then brought on camera and refused to shake Pepper's hand. Eidson brought a $ 15 million lawsuit against Pepper's publisher which was later settled for an undisclosed amount.
372:. Pepper believes that Sirhan, who claims to have no memory of the shooting, was programmed under hypnosis to shoot and provide a distraction from the actual gunman who got away. Hypnosis expert Harvard Medical School professor Daniel P. Brown concluded that Sirhan did not act under his own volition and knowledge at the time of the shooting. He was a real "
265:. Pepper, who supported the Communist cause, later wrote "it was not then clear to Dr. King that Ho-Chi Minh’s reverence for Jefferson, Lincoln, and American democracy, as he idealized it, made him the legitimate father of a unified Vietnam" Pepper later claimed that his conversation with King contributed to King's more adamant position against the
322:. King subsequently said, "In the name of truth and justice, our family is calling for a trial, a trial James Earl Ray never had. ... I don't think his trial—if he is granted a trial—will necessarily give us the unequivocal proof, but at least in regard to new evidence, we will know more than we do now."
355:
and not involved in the assassination. Jowers testified that
Memphis police officer Earl Clark fired the fatal shots. On December 8, 1999, the Memphis jury found Jowers responsible, and also found that the assassination plot included "governmental agencies." The jury took less than an hour to find in
379:
Sirhan Sirhan was again denied parole on
February 10, 2016. On March 30, 2016, the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals denied a further appeal launched by Pepper, noting the appellant has not shown that "jurists of reason would find it debatable whether the petition states a valid claim of the denial of a
310:
where Ray was found not guilty. Pepper's appeals to higher courts, and even the
Supreme Court, failed. According to Pepper, "It looked like we were at the end of the road and then I came up with an idea, 'Well, look, why don't we try to have a real trial on television?" A mock trial was broadcast on
652:
Extent of
Subversion in Campus Disorders: Hearings Before the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee To Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws, Ninety-First Congress, First Session, Parts
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pleaded guilty to King's assassination but soon recanted his confession. Pepper, who was Ray's last attorney, has postulated that Ray was not the shooter but was framed by the
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On
February 22, 2012, Pepper and co-counsel Laurie Dusek filed a court brief in District Court in Los Angeles claiming that a second gunman fired the shots that killed
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351:. During a trial that lasted four weeks, Pepper produced over seventy witnesses. Jowers, testifying by deposition, stated that James Earl Ray was a
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constitutional right and that jurists of reason would find it debatable whether the district court was correct in its procedural ruling."
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190:. He was the author of several books, and had been active in other government conspiracy cases, including the
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Martindale-Hubbell
International Law Directory, Volume I: Europe, Asia, Australasia, Middle East & Africa
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455:, vol. 5, no. 7 (Jan. 1967), pp. 45–68. Photographs and text by William F. Pepper. Preface by
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Joseph
Schwantner: New Morning for the World; Nicolas Flagello: The Passion of Martin Luther King
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580:"Dr. William F. Pepper to Speak at 9/11 Truth Film Festival: Why 9/11 Truth Still Matters."
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873:"The assassination of Bobby Kennedy: Was Sirhan Sirhan hypnotized to be the fall guy?"
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Sex
Discrimination in Employment: An Analysis and Guide for Practitioner and Student
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The Plot to Kill King: The Truth Behind the
Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
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767:"Despite Swirl Of Conspiracy Theories, Investigators Say The MLK Case Is Closed."
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and noted for his efforts to prove government culpability and the innocence of
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Pepper died of pneumonia in New York City on April 7, 2024, at the age of 86.
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376:". ABC News said the story had all the makings of a great conspiracy theory.
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170:(August 16, 1937 – April 7, 2024) was an American lawyer who was based in
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859:"Attorneys for RFK convicted killer Sirhan push 'second gunman' argument"
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840:"Dr. King's Slaying Finally Draws A Jury Verdict, but to Little Effect"
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Orders to Kill: The Truth Behind the Murder of Martin Luther King, Jr.
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939:"William F. Pepper, 86, Dies; Claimed the Government Killed Dr. King"
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Orders to Kill: The Truth Behind the Murder of Martin Luther King Jr
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783:"King Family Seeks Trial for Ray Before He Dies With His Secrets."
2006:
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718:"William Pepper Calls Martin Luther King's Murder an Execution"
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Following Ray's death, Pepper represented the King family in a
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World Trade Center controlled demolition conspiracy theories
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on April 4, 1967, in which King publicly attacked the war.
2401:
Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library, Washington, D.C.
356:
favor of the King family for the requested sum of $ 100.
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African American founding fathers of the United States
30:
This article is about the lawyer. For other uses, see
749:"Inside Martin Luther King Jr.'s final, radical year"
2174:
Estate of Martin Luther King, Jr., Inc. v. CBS, Inc.
891:
Assassin's Lawyer Says Sirhan Sirhan Was Brainwashed
528:
An Act of State: The Execution of Martin Luther King
415:
An Act of State: The Execution of Martin Luther King
857:Brad Johnson and Michael Martinez (March 4, 2012).
251:, which was published in the January 1967 issue of
471:The Self-Managed Child: Paths to Cultural Rebirth.
368:, and petitioning for the release of their client
359:
838:Kevin Sack and Emily Yellin (December 10, 1999).
306:Pepper represented James Earl Ray in a televised
2664:
746:
2217:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
649:
311:HBO. The television jury found Ray not guilty.
2370:Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial, San Francisco
1695:King: A Filmed Record... Montgomery to Memphis
715:
182:. Pepper also tried to prove the innocence of
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1641:Martin Luther King Jr. Records Collection Act
1635:U.S. House Select Committee on Assassinations
1179:Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community?
1007:
2487:
2406:Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Library, San Jose
819:"Who Killed Martin Luther King? (S1 EP 6)".
247:contacted him after seeing his photo essay,
1956:Martin Luther King and the Montgomery Story
1035:Speeches, writings, movements, and protests
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2375:Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial (Compton)
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661:United States Government Publishing Office
49:
2534:Architects & Engineers for 9/11 Truth
1725:The Witness: From the Balcony of Room 306
716:Gabrish Conlan, Mark (February 2, 2003).
650:Printing Office, U.S. Government (1969).
318:, met with Ray on March 27, 1997, at the
295:police, and organized crime figures from
2718:Alumni of the London School of Economics
2438:Civil rights movement in popular culture
2244:King Center for Nonviolent Social Change
2166:Civil rights movement in popular culture
1235:March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
906:"9th Circuit Court of Appeals Judgement"
329:. He discussed the theory from his book
180:assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.
2688:Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
1083:Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence
724:. Zenger's Newsmagazine. Archived from
620:
433:Conversation with Pepper and Len Osanic
325:In June 1997, Pepper appeared on ABC's
230:. He was admitted to the Bar in 1977.
214:. Pepper received a B.A. and M.A. from
14:
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621:Hubbell, Martindale (September 1998).
320:Lois M. DeBerry Special Needs Facility
2503:Advance-knowledge conspiracy theories
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747:William F Pepper (January 15, 2018).
2570:Conspiracy Theory with Jesse Ventura
495:Charlottesville: Michie Co. (1982).
269:, and that he was present at King's
2416:Memorials to Martin Luther King Jr.
643:
585:, September 2, 2017. Archived from
224:University of Massachusetts Amherst
210:William Francis Pepper was born in
122:University of Massachusetts Amherst
24:
2733:Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy
2319:Statues of Martin Luther King Jr.
2206:
2055:King Dream Chorus and Holiday Crew
1611:(now National Civil Rights Museum)
667:
349:and other unknown co-conspirators"
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188:assassination of Robert F. Kennedy
25:
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2703:American male non-fiction writers
1870:Alpha Man: The Brotherhood of MLK
1596:
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800:Stark, Tony (November 28, 1999).
257:magazine. It depicted victims of
2728:Boston College Law School alumni
2649:
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2183:King v. Trustees of Boston Univ.
2062:"By the Time I Get to Arizona" (
1131:Second Emancipation Proclamation
802:"Who Killed Martin Luther King?"
427:
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2315:Safe House Black History Museum
2234:Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial
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695:"William Pepper Lawyer Profile"
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360:Robert F. Kennedy assassination
2289:U.S. Capitol Rotunda sculpture
1267:Mississippi March Against Fear
937:Risen, Clay (April 19, 2024).
759:
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604:. Retrieved November 5, 2010.
592:
572:
13:
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2743:21st-century American lawyers
2738:20th-century American lawyers
2708:American conspiracy theorists
1990:March! For Martin Luther King
1211:Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom
565:
205:
2254:National Civil Rights Museum
2249:Dexter Avenue Baptist Church
1092:I've Been to the Mountaintop
677:Retrieved November 5, 2010.
673:Boris Lurie Art Foundation.
218:, and studied abroad at the
7:
2584:Mystery of the Urinal Deuce
2391:sculpture, Portland, Oregon
2381:Landmark for Peace Memorial
2106:"Symphony of Brotherhood" (
2029:Pride (In the Name of Love)
1251:Selma to Montgomery marches
1150:Letter from Birmingham Jail
441:
27:American lawyer (1937–2024)
10:
2759:
2713:Columbia University alumni
2698:American political writers
2683:Lawyers from New York City
2279:Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity
2222:Martin Luther King Jr. Day
2003:Martin Luther King's Dream
1317:
448:"The Children of Vietnam."
220:London School of Economics
117:London School of Economics
32:Dr Pepper (disambiguation)
29:
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228:Boston College Law School
194:, and had advocated that
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2628:The CIA and September 11
2489:9/11 conspiracy theories
2239:National Historical Park
1977:Abraham, Martin and John
1455:(strategist / colleague)
1259:Chicago Freedom Movement
675:"Dr. William F. Pepper."
463:
383:
239:Martin Luther King cases
2563:A Few Days in September
2421:King County, Washington
2274:FBI–King suicide letter
681:April 16, 2011, at the
271:Riverside Church speech
249:The Children of Vietnam
226:, and J.D. degree from
2693:American legal writers
2284:Season for Nonviolence
2097:"Never Alone Martin" (
1819:"Great X-Pectations" (
1755:King in the Wilderness
1376:Martin Luther King Sr.
1352:Martin Luther King III
1294:Poor People's Campaign
1243:St. Augustine movement
1203:Montgomery bus boycott
1023:Martin Luther King Jr.
608:June 17, 2011, at the
245:Martin Luther King Jr.
168:William Francis Pepper
62:William Francis Pepper
18:William Francis Pepper
2613:American Conspiracies
1392:Christine King Farris
1384:Alberta Williams King
1169:Conscience for Change
1112:Stride Toward Freedom
770:National Public Radio
314:King's youngest son,
2633:The New Pearl Harbor
2623:Debunking 9/11 Myths
2539:Million Muslim March
2443:Lee–Jackson–King Day
2396:Kennedy–King College
1855:"Return of the King"
728:on November 27, 2003
722:San Diego Indy Media
552:Simon & Schuster
374:Manchurian Candidate
2638:The Terror Timeline
2513:9/11 truth movement
2308:Hope Moving Forward
2073:Shed a Little Light
1836:New York Undercover
1831:"The Promised Land"
1658:Conspiracy theories
1439:(mentor, colleague)
1227:Birmingham campaign
790:, February 4, 1997.
422:, January 28, 2003.
216:Columbia University
192:9/11 Truth movement
104:Columbia University
94:New York City, U.S.
2618:Among the Truthers
2556:911: In Plane Site
2302:sculpture, Atlanta
2086:Up to the Mountain
1873:(2011 documentary)
1846:Selma, Lord, Selma
1768:(2020 documentary)
1758:(2018 documentary)
1728:(2008 documentary)
1705:Our Friend, Martin
1698:(1970 documentary)
1541:Fred Shuttlesworth
1336:Coretta Scott King
1074:How Long, Not Long
1056:Give Us the Ballot
944:The New York Times
844:The New York Times
787:The New York Times
627:Martindale-Hubbell
578:Brouillet, Carol.
513:Carroll & Graf
457:Dr. Benjamin Spock
2660:
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2608:9/11: The Big Lie
2455:
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2426:Eponymous streets
2269:Authorship issues
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1959:(1957 comic book)
1822:A Different World
1799:(1978 miniseries)
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1477:Bernard Lafayette
1408:James Albert King
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1159:Why We Can't Wait
983:William F. Pepper
765:Johnson, Carrie.
599:"William Pepper."
439:
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366:Robert F. Kennedy
345:"King family vs.
222:, Ed.D. from the
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43:William F. Pepper
16:(Redirected from
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602:Radiodujour.com
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2145:(Common and
2120:(1995 album)
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2108:Miri Ben-Ari
2077:James Taylor
2064:Public Enemy
2051:King Holiday
1954:
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1557:Wyatt Walker
1549:C. T. Vivian
1525:James Orange
1485:James Lawson
1368:Bernice King
1344:Yolanda King
1278:War movement
1275:Anti-Vietnam
1194:and protests
1177:
1167:
1157:
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1122:What Is Man?
1110:
948:. Retrieved
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913:the original
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209:
167:
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161:Lilly Pepper
89:(2024-04-07)
36:
2678:2024 deaths
2673:1937 births
2548:Film and TV
2353:Mexico City
2343:Jersey City
2147:John Legend
2099:Jason Upton
1947:Illustrated
1935:All the Way
1905:The Meeting
1778:(2023 film)
1748:(2016 film)
1745:All the Way
1738:(2014 film)
1718:(2001 film)
1646:Loyd Jowers
1575:(colleague)
1567:(colleague)
1559:(colleague)
1551:(colleague)
1543:(colleague)
1527:(colleague)
1519:(colleague)
1503:(colleague)
1495:(colleague)
1487:(colleague)
1479:(colleague)
1463:(colleague)
1453:James Bevel
1447:(colleague)
1416:Alveda King
1360:Dexter King
1245:(1963–1964)
1221:(1961–1962)
1205:(1955–1956)
974:Appearances
821:Conspiracy?
732:November 4,
701:November 5,
347:Loyd Jowers
316:Dexter King
297:New Orleans
267:Vietnam War
153:Mina Pepper
2667:Categories
2496:Key topics
2411:Paris park
2133:featuring
1994:John Fahey
1787:Television
1517:Diane Nash
1493:John Lewis
1445:Ella Baker
1400:A. D. King
1370:(daughter)
1346:(daughter)
894:, ABC news
566:References
550:New York:
532:New York:
511:New York:
484:0060903104
474:New York:
308:mock trial
206:Early life
200:war crimes
142:Occupation
68:1937-08-16
2591:Zeitgeist
2389:The Dream
2348:Milwaukee
2135:will.i.am
1535:(advisor)
1471:(protégé)
1402:(brother)
1192:Movements
950:April 19,
353:scapegoat
100:Education
2654:Category
1511:(mentor)
1394:(sister)
1386:(mother)
1378:(father)
1152:" (1963)
1124:" (1959)
1103:Writings
1094:" (1968)
1085:" (1967)
1076:" (1965)
1067:" (1963)
1058:" (1957)
1046:Speeches
823:. 2004.
679:Archived
606:Archived
554:(2016).
536:(2003).
515:(1995).
478:(1973).
452:Ramparts
442:Articles
289:military
254:Ramparts
158:Children
2338:Houston
2323:Atlanta
2259:Big Six
2227:passage
2158:Related
2143:"Glory"
2127:A Dream
2007:Strawbs
1925:I Dream
1887:, 2024)
1863:, 2006)
1839:, 1997)
1825:, 1993)
1814:, 1980)
1765:MLK/FBI
1715:Boycott
1620:Funeral
1429:leaders
1418:(niece)
583:Indybay
411:Book TV
341:lawsuit
301:Memphis
293:Memphis
263:Vietnam
186:in the
178:in the
2527:Groups
2358:Newark
2333:Denver
2328:Boston
2131:Common
2044:" (U2)
1938:(2012)
1928:(2010)
1918:(2009)
1908:(1987)
1880:Genius
1849:(1999)
1775:Rustin
1637:(HSCA)
1338:(wife)
1328:Family
1318:People
1296:(1968)
1288:(1968)
1280:(1967)
1269:(1966)
1261:(1966)
1253:(1965)
1237:(1963)
1229:(1963)
1213:(1957)
1182:(1967)
1172:(1967)
1162:(1964)
1143:(1963)
1115:(1958)
978:C-SPAN
861:. CNN.
633:
558:
540:
519:
499:
482:
420:C-SPAN
291:, the
287:, the
283:, the
259:napalm
150:Spouse
145:Lawyer
78:, U.S.
2601:Books
1968:Music
1896:Plays
1885:MLK/X
1735:Selma
1676:Media
1651:Trial
1615:Riots
1427:Other
1362:(son)
1354:(son)
916:(PDF)
909:(PDF)
753:Salon
534:Verso
464:Books
384:Death
1981:Dion
1796:King
1686:Film
987:IMDb
952:2024
924:2017
734:2020
703:2010
631:ISBN
556:ISBN
538:ISBN
517:ISBN
497:ISBN
480:ISBN
299:and
119:(MA)
84:Died
58:Born
2129:" (
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2075:" (
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2042:MLK
2031:" (
2018:" (
2005:" (
1992:" (
1979:" (
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985:at
976:on
653:1-3
285:CIA
281:FBI
261:in
126:EdD
2669::
2033:U2
941:.
875:,
842:.
804:.
751:.
720:.
659::
655:.
629:.
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135:JD
112:MA
110:,
108:BA
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2014:"
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1996:)
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133:(
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106:(
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66:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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