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530:, to support of U.S. and Allied operations worldwide by aerial transportation of supplies, personnel, and equipment using multi-engine aircraft. The first wartime organizational tables for ACFC (officially the Army Air Forces Ferrying Command after February 1942), were drawn up by Tunner, who organized and became commander of its Domestic Division on April 1, 1942. On July 1, 1942, the Domestic Division was renamed the Ferrying Division under ATC and continued its mission of aircraft delivery.
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648:'s dropping of candy mid-flight for the children of Berlin. Tunner ordered this activity expanded to "Operation Little Vittles" in which tons of candy would be dropped over Berlin in small parachutes created by American civilians, producing a major propaganda success for the Western Allies. Unfortunately for Tunner, much of the credit for the success of the airlift, and the innovations that led to that success, were given to General
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1210:, September 8, 1944. Accessed March 13, 2011. "A native of Roselle, N.J., Gen. Tunner was graduated from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point in 1928 and commissioned a second lieutenant, field artillery. Since that time the bulk of his Army career has been devoted to the aviation branch of service."
800:
In 1997 the USAF began procurement of the 60K Tunner
Materiel Handling Equipment (MHE), a diesel-driven aircraft loader built by Systems & Electronics, Inc. for loading and unloading wide-body cargo transports, designed to be deployed by C-5, C-17 and C-141 transports. It has the capability to
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cargo planes into a second route to China called the "Low Hump" that widened the airlift corridor from 50 to 200 miles to increase efficiency. He instituted maintenance and flying safety programs that reduced the deadly accident rate to less than a quarter of what it had been when he took command,
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Tunner brought such a level of organization to the Berlin operation that the per-day tonnage brought into Berlin by the planes eventually exceeded the amount of material that had been brought in by train. Tunner is credited with organizing each western ally controlled air corridor into a one way
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path, which improved the efficiency of the airlift. His strict control of his subordinates along with his unorthodox solutions to problems earned him the nickname Willie-the-Whip. This included taking advantages of opportunities to enhance the operation such as upon learning about pilot
580:
On
November 10, 1945, he returned to the United States, where he became Air Inspector of ATC on January 1, 1946. He held a series of division commands in the post-war ATC beginning February 1, 1946, and was promoted to
1438:
690:, was activated. In its four-and-a-half months under "Tonnage Tunner", it had made 32,632 sorties; delivered 130,170 tons of cargo; carried 155,294 passengers including paratroopers; and evacuated 72,960 casualties.
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He was thus in a key position when ACFC, originally intended to deliver aircraft from factory to their point of embarkation overseas, had its name and mission changed under its second commander, Brig. Gen.
451:, as a pilot with the 7th Observation Squadron. Again he worked a variety of staff duties in his squadron and as assistant operations officer of the 19th Composite Wing, advancing to the temporary rank of
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The airlift program was gradually wound down as squadrons were broken up and reassigned to their regular MATS duties. Tunner returned to his post in MATS on
September 5, 1949. The outbreak of the
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as a flying instructor, but was ill-suited to the task. After a board of review, Tunner was assigned to squadron officer duties during his tour so that he could continue flying. He was promoted to
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on
September 4, 1944. Tunner's orders were to increase cargo tonnage levels flown by the airlift but also to reduce an alarmingly high accident level. Tunner incorporated four-engined Douglas
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load and unload the C-130, C-141, C-5 and C-17, as well as the commercial DC-10, L-1011 and B-747 freighters. The equipment was named to honor Tunner by an industry naming contest.
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following surgery on
November 12, 1945, and remained in a coma for a year and a half. After her death in 1947, Tunner married a former WASP pilot Margaret Ann (Ann) Hamilton of
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for the headquarters of the new Air Corps
Ferrying Command. He advanced from adjutant and personnel officer of ACFC to executive officer on November 26. He was promoted to
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640:, on July 28, 1948. By mid-August Tunner had added 72 C-54s to the effort and brought in two-thirds of all USAF C-54 aircrews worldwide to fly the airlift 24 hours a day.
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Under the aegis of the
Ferrying Division, Tunner was responsible for organizing the Women's Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron (WAFS) in September 1942, a program of
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1403:
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female pilots to shuttle planes from factory to Army airfields. The WAFS program, developed from a plan first drawn up by Tunner's executive trouble-shooter
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In 1957, he was reassigned to
Headquarters U.S. Air Force as deputy chief of staff for operations. On July 1, 1958, concurrently with the assumption by the
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A name-the-60k contest voted to call it the Tunner, after
General William H. Tunner who directed the Burma Hump, Korean, and Berlin Airlifts.
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to the staff of his first major command in 1942 and was a key figure in the planning and creation of the Women's
Auxiliary Ferrying Service.
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on September 26, 1935. In February 1937, back in his permanent rank of 1st lieutenant, he returned to the United States as adjutant at
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Air Corps Detachment of the 1st Military Department, largely a recruiting billet. On January 31, 1941, he was promoted to
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of the "Single Managership for Airlift", he returned to the air transport field as commander, MATS, with headquarters at
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as his branch of service, commissioned 2nd lieutenant AC on September 8, 1928, when he entered flight training at
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was a tactical organization without experience in running transport operations, trying to feed the city using 54
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Prior to World War II on June 8, 1941, Major Tunner became a key figure in the creation of what became the
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China's Wings: War, Intrigue, Romance, and Adventure in the Middle Kingdom During the Golden Age of Flight
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317:. Tunner was known for his expertise in the command of large-scale military airlift operations, first in
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Almost immediately, Tunner's reputation for managing airlift recommended him to bring efficiency to the
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854:. They had two sons, Joseph C. and Dr. William H. Tunner, Jr. Sarah was diagnosed with an inoperable
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from West Germany in 1982. He was also conferred an honorary doctor of military science degree by the
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835:(1809-1897) were metallurgists, mining specialists and montanists who co-founded Austria's famous "
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The Lieutenant General William H. Tunner Award is presented annually by the commander of the
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686:. Combat Cargo Command was discontinued on January 25, 1951, when a permanent organization,
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over "The Hump". He went back to the CBI in August and took command of what had become the
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Tunner retired from the Air Force on May 31, 1960 after a heart problem was diagnosed.
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The Candy Bombers: The Untold Story of the Berlin Airlift and America's Finest Hour
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The Candy Bombers: The Untold Story of the Berlin Airlift and America's Finest Hour
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When the Army Air Forces became the United States Air Force in September 1947, the
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with two oak leaf clusters. His foreign awards included Honorary Companion of the
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990:"Opinion | The 'Candy Bomber' showed that in wartime, kindness is a superpower"
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First recipient of the Airlift/Tanker Association Hall of Fame Award in 1989.
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as the primary jet airlift transport for MATS, and supported the election of
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to the "outstanding strategic airlift crew" in the United States Air Force.
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Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
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Combat Cargo Command had the initial job of providing the airlift for the
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selected Tunner to be his deputy commander for operations in March 1948.
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612:. The organization of the five-week-old operation was haphazard because
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1088:. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. December 19, 1950
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1222:"Lt. Gen William H. Tunner, 76; organized airlifts in Berlin, Korea"
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In addition to the Distinguished Service Cross, Tunner received the
678:. Tunner's success in meeting the commitments is attested to by the
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and began duties in the Office of the Chief of Air Corps (OCAC) at
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in 1951, and they had a daughter, Hamilton Suzanne Tunner Hudson.
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and concluded that expansion of the operation was essential. Gen.
624:, basically using bomber operation methods. On July 22, 1948, the
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bomber. There he was introduced to transport aircraft, ferrying a
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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843:) at Leoben. His father was an engineer as well and settled in
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theater with his prospective staff in June, where he piloted a
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The Hump: America's Strategy for Keeping China in World War II
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Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)
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from China and the Knight Commander's Cross with star of the
394:
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Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
705:, as deputy commander. In 1953, he was appointed commander,
667:, Combat Cargo Command (Provisional) on September 10, 1950.
510:(ATC) when he was the second staff officer selected by Col.
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Bromiley, Richard Franklin; Towne, Raymond L. (July 1988).
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immediately appointed Tunner to the job, and he arrived in
545:'s Women's Flying Training Detachment (WFTD) to become the
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Tunner married twice, the first to Sarah Margaret Sams of
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Tunner was the fourth of five children of immigrants from
1299:. College Station, Tex.: Texas A&M University Press.
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in the spring of 1944. He made an inspection trip in the
652:, the Air Force commander in Europe until October 1948.
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despite more than doubling the tonnage and hours flown.
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Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
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United States Army Air Forces generals of World War II
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Arlington National Cemetery website: William H. Tunner
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and was awarded his pilot's wings in September 1929.
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United States Air Force personnel of the Korean War
443:on July 1, 1934. In January 1935 he transferred to
709:, a post he held four years during the buildup of
908:Snyder, Thomas; Shaw, Shelia (January 28, 1992).
482:in 1939, followed by his first command, the tiny
1345:
556:on June 30, 1943, and tapped for command of the
401:, he received his final flight check from Capt.
333:in 1949–1951. He eventually rose to the rank of
1337:, includes reproduction of cover portrait from
1066:. Vol. LXVII, no. 2. pp. 171–173
663:, to command a new airlift organization in the
1152:"60k Tunner Material Handling Equipment (MHE)"
1130:"60k Tunner Materiel Handling Equipment (MHE)"
1057:
1409:Recipients of the Order of the Sacred Tripod
1404:Honorary companions of the Order of the Bath
1193:(1964, reprint 1998), Kap.1: Early days, p.5
693:In February 1951 Tunner was assigned to the
558:airlift supply operation from India to China
377:. He was commissioned on June 9, 1928, as a
1086:"Air Force Award Cards [Air Medal]"
471:. He was promoted to the permanent rank of
16:United States Air Force general (1906–1983)
1330:Official USAF biography: William H. Tunner
907:
739:as president to achieve that end when the
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31:
1173:"Airlift/Tanker Association Hall of Fame"
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480:Air Corps Tactical School "short course"
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1444:People from Gloucester County, Virginia
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944:Glines, Carroll V., "Flying the Hump",
1449:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
1414:United States Army Air Forces generals
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321:(ATC) during World War II, commanding
305:(July 14, 1906 – April 6, 1983) was a
1369:United States Military Academy alumni
814:
292:German Great Cross of Merit with star
1318:. New York: Duel, Sloan, and Pearce.
914:Air Force Historical Research Agency
869:on April 6, 1983, and was buried at
597:was formed by combining ATC and the
397:. At the Advanced Flying School at
369:on July 1, 1924, appointed from the
1204:"Tunner New India-China ATC Leader"
682:awarded him on the spot by General
435:In October 1931 he was assigned to
13:
1374:Military personnel from New Jersey
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910:"Profiles In Leadership 1942-1992"
807:A street in the Berlin borough of
775:Order of Pao Ting (Tripod) Yun Hui
765:with one oak leaf cluster and the
753:with three oak leaf clusters, the
707:United States Air Forces in Europe
501:
347:
14:
1460:
1429:Recipients of the Legion of Merit
1323:
1156:Federation of American Scientists
1122:
628:met with European commander Gen.
1434:United States Air Force generals
1379:Air Corps Tactical School alumni
1259:. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons.
1220:Van Atta, Burr (April 8, 1983).
1025:, New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons,
926:
412:, California, as a pilot in the
373:by United States Representative
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1364:People from Roselle, New Jersey
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1110:. University System of Maryland
699:Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
209:United States Air Forces Europe
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718:Military Air Transport Service
595:Military Air Transport Service
367:United States Military Academy
327:Military Air Transport Service
219:Military Air Transport Service
1:
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620:supplemented by a section of
547:Women Airforce Service Pilots
541:, merged in August 1943 with
518:on January 5, 1942, and full
315:United States Army Air Forces
148:United States Army Air Forces
1108:"Honorary Degree Recipients"
408:His first assignment was to
352:
199:Combined Air Lift Task Force
152:United States Army Air Corps
7:
1389:Recipients of the Air Medal
1314:Tunner, William H. (1964).
1238:– via Newspapers.com.
889:List of commanders of USAFE
876:
871:Arlington National Cemetery
865:Tunner died at his farm in
847:, where Tunner was raised.
751:Distinguished Service Medal
680:Distinguished Service Cross
599:Naval Air Transport Service
337:and commanded MATS itself.
254:Distinguished Service Medal
249:Distinguished Service Cross
103:Arlington National Cemetery
10:
1465:
1280:. New York: Bantam Books.
1177:Airlift/Tanker Association
948:(March 1991) Vol. 74 No 3.
759:Distinguished Flying Cross
570:India-China Division (ATC)
478:Tunner attended the third
371:5th District of New Jersey
287:Order of the Sacred Tripod
265:Distinguished Flying Cross
1295:Plating, John D. (2011).
1227:The Philadelphia Inquirer
788:
773:from the United Kingdom,
741:Eisenhower administration
626:National Security Council
414:11th Bombardment Squadron
313:and its predecessor, the
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37:William H. Tunner in 1943
30:
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1274:Crouch, Gregory (2012).
432:with passengers aboard.
325:operation, and later in
122:United States of America
1253:Cherny, Andrei (2008).
589:United States Air Force
552:Tunner was promoted to
311:United States Air Force
139:United States Air Force
1060:"William Henry Tunner"
829:Peter Tunner the Elder
783:University of Maryland
362:
188:Ferrying Division, ATC
1158:. February 15, 2000.
1132:. Global Security.org
852:Meridian, Mississippi
508:Air Transport Command
361:At West Point in 1928
360:
319:Air Transport Command
158:Years of service
74:Elizabeth, New Jersey
811:is named after him.
795:Air Mobility Command
722:Scott Air Force Base
695:Air Materiel Command
385:, then selected the
303:William Henry Tunner
193:India-China Division
46:William Henry Tunner
964:American Experience
867:Ware Neck, Virginia
845:Roselle, New Jersey
809:Steglitz-Zehlendorf
676:airborne operations
665:Far East Air Forces
539:Nancy Harkness Love
420:, flying a bi-wing
365:Tunner entered the
91:Ware Neck, Virginia
946:AIR FORCE Magazine
916:. pp. 102–108
815:Personal biography
688:315th Air Division
638:Wiesbaden, Germany
634:Hoyt S. Vandenberg
543:Jacqueline Cochran
522:on March 1, 1942.
516:lieutenant colonel
375:Ernest R. Ackerman
363:
335:Lieutenant general
329:(MATS) during the
175:Lieutenant General
1306:978-1-60344-237-4
1287:978-0-553-80427-0
1266:978-0-399-15496-6
1039:978-0-399-15496-6
1031:978-0-399-15496-6
771:Order of the Bath
763:Bronze Star Medal
684:Douglas MacArthur
603:Laurence S. Kuter
554:Brigadier general
475:on June 9, 1938.
449:Panama Canal Zone
379:second lieutenant
340:Tunner appointed
300:
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282:Order of the Bath
270:Bronze Star Medal
25:William H. Tunner
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831:(1786-1844) and
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733:C-141 Starlifter
492:Washington, D.C.
441:first lieutenant
426:Fokker tri-motor
403:Claire Chennault
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837:Bergakademie
833:Peter Tunner
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601:. Maj. Gen.
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585:on July 10.
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457:Lawson Field
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232:World War II
228:Battles/wars
86:(1983-04-06)
18:
1359:1983 deaths
1354:1906 births
1136:October 20,
1007:October 31,
920:October 18,
856:brain tumor
512:Robert Olds
399:Kelly Field
51:Nickname(s)
1348:Categories
1234:January 4,
974:January 4,
895:References
657:Korean War
430:Sacramento
342:Nancy Love
236:Korean War
110:Allegiance
67:1906-07-14
43:Birth name
1002:0190-8286
785:in 1956.
767:Air Medal
549:(WASPS).
387:Air Corps
353:Air Corps
276:Air Medal
161:1928–1960
1189:Tunner,
1114:June 14,
1092:June 14,
1070:June 14,
1064:Assembly
882:General
877:See also
730:Lockheed
726:Illinois
323:The Hump
181:Commands
128:Service/
1202:Staff.
825:Austria
520:colonel
484:Memphis
473:captain
461:Georgia
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416:of the
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789:Legacy
761:, the
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242:Awards
130:branch
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93:, U.S.
76:, U.S.
614:USAFE
488:major
395:Texas
195:, ATC
1301:ISBN
1282:ISBN
1261:ISBN
1236:2024
1138:2009
1116:2024
1094:2024
1072:2024
1035:ISBN
1027:ISBN
1009:2022
998:ISSN
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922:2021
711:NATO
703:Ohio
166:Rank
81:Died
61:Born
969:PBS
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697:at
562:CBI
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