1373:, with additional material to describe a hierarchy of wardens, deacons and masters. This structure would ensure that masons did not take on work which they were not competent to complete, and ensured a lodge warden would be elected by the master masons, through whom the general warden could keep in touch with each particular lodge. Master masons were only permitted to take on three apprentices during their lifetime (without special dispensation), and they would be bound to their masters for seven years. A further seven years would have to elapse before they could be taken into the craft, and a book-keeping arrangement was set up to keep track of this. Six master masons and two entered apprentices had to be present for a master or fellow of the craft to be admitted. Various other rules were laid out for the running of the lodge, supervision of work, and fines for non-attendance at lodge meetings.
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235:. A record of the building work at the Palace of Holyroodhouse he supervised in 1599 survives. The works involved masons, slaters, plumbers, and joiners making repairs to the court and the king's kitchens, the steeple and clock, and the King's billiard table, and other alterations to the palace. Schaw signed off the account weekly with his name, or as "Maistir of Wark". On 8 July 1601, James VI sent William to consult with Master John Gordon on the construction of a monument to the King's rescue from the
1353:
152:'Grit maister of wark of all and sindrie his hienes palaceis, biggingis and reparationis, – and greit oversear, directour and commander of quhatsumevir police devysit or to be devysit for our soverane lordis behuif and plessur.' or, in modern spelling; 'Great master of work of all and sundry his highness' palaces, building works and repairs, – and great overseer, director and commander of whatsoever policy devised or to be devised for our sovereign lord's behalf and pleasure.'
1406:, and became a mechanism whereby the merchants exercised some control over the wages of the building trades. In places like Edinburgh, where the proliferation of wooden buildings meant a predominance of wrights, the territorial lodge offered a form of craft self-governance distinct from the incorporation. Also, the masons and wrights used differing ceremonial motifs, at the respective events. The role of deacon provided a link between these incorporations and the lodges.
124:
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543:. His tomb in Dunfermline Abbey was constructed at the expense of his friend Alexander Seton and Queen Anne, and survives with a lengthy Latin inscription recording Schaw's intellectual skills and achievements. The tomb inscription remains the most valuable source of biographic information, and was composed by Alexander Seton, translated it reads:
1433:, others to the lodges of Scotland in general. Kilwinning Lodge was given regional authority for west Scotland, its previous practices were confirmed, various administrative functions were specified and the officials of the lodge were enjoined to ensure that all craft fellows and apprentices "tak tryall of the
1440:
The statutes state that
Kilwinning was the head and second lodge in Scotland. This seems to relate to the fact that Kilwinning claimed precedence as the first lodge in Scotland, but that in Schaw's scheme of things, the Edinburgh Lodge would be most important followed by Kilwinning and then Stirling.
63:
in
Stirlingshire. The Schaw family had links to the Royal Court, principally through being keepers of the King's wine cellar. The Broich family was involved in a scandal in 1560, when John Schaw was accused of murdering the servant of another laird. William's father was denounced as a rebel and his
1478:
All masters or "interprisaris of warkis be verray cairfull to see thair skaffaldis and fute-gangis (platforms) surelie sett and placeit, to the effect that throw thair negligence and sleuth (laziness), na hurt or skaith cum unto persons that works at the said work, under the pain of discharging of
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Among the living he dwelt fifty-two years; he had travelled in France and many other
Kingdoms, for the improvement of his mind; he wanted no liberal training; was most skilful in architecture; was early recommended to great persons for the singular gifts of his mind; and was not only unwearied and
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as patrons and protectors of the craft. Once again it would suggest that Schaw's proposed reorganisation of the craft had encountered some problems. Indeed, it presaged an ongoing struggle between the Master of Works and the
Sinclairs, which Schaw's successors in the post continued, following his
135:
appointed Schaw principal
Maister o' Wark (Master of Works) to the Crown of Scotland for life, with responsibility for all royal castles and palaces. Schaw had already been paid the first instalment of his salary ÂŁ166-13s-4d as 'grete Mr of wark in place of Sir Robert Drummond' in November. The
559:
Elizabeth Shaw and James Schaw were
William's executors. In 1612 the Privy Council of Scotland searched the accounts and found he was still owed his annual fee for several years. The council wrote to the king that he had been, "in his lyftime, and during the tyme of his service, he wes a most
1368:
On 28 December 1598 Schaw, in his capacity of Master of Works and
General Warden of the master stonemasons, issued "The Statutis and ordinananceis to be obseruit by all the maister maoissounis within this realme." The preamble states that the statutes were issued with the consent of a craft
547:
This humble structure of stones covers a man of excellent skill, notable probity, singular integrity of life, adorned with the greatest of virtues – William Schaw, Master of the King's Works, President of the Sacred
Ceremonies, and the Queen's Chamberlain. He died 18th April, 1602.
1380:"observe and keep all the good ordinances set down of before, concerning the privileges of their craft, to their predecessours of good memory, and specially, they be true one to another, and live charitably together, as becomes sworn brothers and companions of craft."
215:
In May 1596 an
English paper listing reasons to suspect James VI of being himself a Roman Catholic, included the appointment of known Catholics to household offices, noting Schaw as 'Praefectum Architecturae,' his friend Alexander Seton as President of Council, and
265:. He was amongst the courtiers who accompanied James VI to Denmark to fetch his queen in October. He returned on 15 or 16 March 1590, ahead of the rest of the party to prepare for their subsequent return. He brought King James's letter written on 19 February at
168:
who was exiled in
England. Schaw returned in the winter of 1584, and became involved in building work for the Seton family. In 1585 he was one of three courtiers who entertained three Danish ambassadors visiting the Scottish court at
87:
The name "William Schaw" appears again in a 1580 note about courtiers made by an informant or spy at the royal court, the letter was sent to England. Schaw was described as the "clock-keeper" amongst followers of the King's favourite
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indefatigable in labours and business, but constantly active and vigorous, and was most dear to every good man who knew him. He was born to do good offices, and thereby to gain the hearts of men; now he lives eternally with God.
1459:, the poet, who had been a colleague of Schaw both in his trip to Denmark and at Dunfermline, in Anne of Denmark's household, had instructed both the King and Queen in the technique. Indeed, Fowler had met Italian philosopher
1441:
David Stevenson argues that the Second Schaw statutes dealt with the response from within the craft to his first statutes, whereby various traditions were mobilised against his innovations, particularly from Kilwinning.
1389:
constituting an intermediate level of organisation. These "territorial" lodges ran parallel to another set of civic organisations, incorporations, often linking masons with other workers in the building trades, such as
1384:
The statutes were agreed by all the master masons present, and arrangements were made to send a copy to every lodge in Scotland. The statute indicates a significant advance in the organisation of the craft, with
555:
Queen Anne ordered this monument to be erected to the memory of this most excellent and most upright man, lest his virtues, worthy of eternal commendation, should pass away with the death of his body."
1097:
1496:, and were signed by Schaw himself in his capacity of Master of Works (but not General Warden). They are known as the First Sinclair Statutes as they supposedly confirm the role of the
281:, to supply him with a ship and good mariners. James VI also asked the Provost of Edinburgh to provide Schaw with the "many good craftsmen" necessary to complete the repairs at the
396:
were attributed to William Schaw's direction. He was said to have built a steeple, and a porch at the north door, added some of the external buttresses and fitted the interior for
111:. On 11 April 1581, he was given a valuable gift of rights over the lands in Kippen belonging to the Grahams of Fintry. In May 1583, he was in Paris at the death of the exiled
2469:
Reid-Baxter, Jamie "Politics, Passion and Poetry in the Court of James VI: John Burel and his surviving works", in: Mapstone, S, Houwen, L.A.J.R., and MacDonald, A.A. (eds.)
2228:
Reid-Baxter, Jamie, 'Politics, Passion and Poetry in the Court of James VI: John Burel and his surviving works', in Mapstone, S, Houwen, L.A.J.R., and MacDonald, A.A. (eds.)
64:
property forfeited when he and his family failed to appear at court, but the family were soon re-instated. At this time William may have been a page at the court of
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which had been assigned to the queen. He was given ÂŁ1,000 Scots from tax money raised in Edinburgh for the royal marriage to spend on the repairs at Holyroodhouse.
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the previous year. James VI wrote to Gordon that William would "conferre with yow thairanent, that ye maye agree upon the forme, devyse, and superscriptionis."
810:
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William Schaw brought with him a Danish locksmith called Frederick who would join the queen's household. Schaw busied himself repairing Holyrood Palace and
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1474:
The statutes also address practical matters like health & safety concerns while working at heights. In his eighteenth article Schaw recommended that;
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who had fought illegally in Edinburgh near Holyrood Palace with James Boyd of Kippis in a family feud. His death sentence was converted to banishment.
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1868:
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In March 1589, Schaw was granted ÂŁ1000 Scots of tax money to begin repairs at Holyroodhouse in advance of the reception of the bride of James V,
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in 1594, which has no documented association with Schaw, but was probably built under his direction. The Italianate building was used for the
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1334:
873:
487:
56:
1522:
204:, Cockburn had been "Master of Ceremonies" and this office was transferred to William Schaw. These appointments followed the death of
377:, collecting rents 'feumaills' from her lands including the rents of Ross, Ardmanoch, and Ettrick Forest, and sometimes auditing the
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to the Lordship of Dunfermline, which was an office of the household of Queen Anne, where he worked closely with Alexander Seton and
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32:
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worship as a burgh and Parish church between 1594 and 1599. Schaw spent other sums of money on the palaces allocated from the
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Copies of the statute (along with the Second Shaw Statute) were written into the minutes of the Lodges of Edinburgh and
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for her coronation. He subsequently became Master of Ceremonies to the court, as his epitaph carved on his tomb states.
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convention, simply specified as all the master masons gathered that day. Schaw's first statutes root themselves in the
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331:
248:
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2014:
1437:". More generally, rules were laid down for proper record keeping of the lodges, with specific fees being laid down.
1402:), the lodges and incorporations became indistinguishable, in other places the incorporation linked the trade to the
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on 23 December 1600 mentions that Schaw was absent, and the role of Master of Ceremonies was taken by two other men.
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in a quarrel, was subsequently arrested for plotting against the king, and died following an escape attempt from
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193:
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that had removed Lennox from power. By the terms of his appointment, Schaw for the rest of his life was to be;
2309:
The Annals of Dunfermline and Vicinity: From the Earliest Authentic Period to the Present Time, A.D. 1069-1878
2129:
The Annals of Dunfermline and Vicinity, from the Earliest Authentic Period to the Present Time, A.D. 1069-1878
2033:
1976:
Miles Kerr-Peterson & Michael Pearce, 'James VI's English Subsidy and Danish Dowry Accounts, 1588-1596',
1793:
Miles Kerr-Peterson & Michael Pearce, "James VI's English Subsidy and Danish Dowry Accounts, 1588-1596",
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who came to Edinburgh in May 1593 to secure Anne of Denmark's property rights. On 6 July he was appointed as
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William Schaw organised repairs to the steeple and clock at Holyroodhouse shown to right in this engraving.
1946:
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for building castles and palaces, and is claimed to have been an important figure in the development of
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633:
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1929:
Papers relative to the marriage of King James the Sixth of Scotland, with the Princess Anna of Denmark
1912:
1527:
498:, Robert's brother, and Schaw and Colville. Mowbray, an erstwhile English agent, wounded Schaw with a
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2175:, vol. 13 part 1 (Edinburgh, 1969), p. 181: NRS E21 Scottish royal accounts 1598, March f50, May f71.
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included this news in a letter to Robert Bruce. Anne of Denmark may have suffered a miscarriage at
2307:
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2103:, XXII (Edinburgh, 1903), pp. 355, 403–405, and National Records of Scotland, GD224/906/26 no. 40.
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40:
2471:
A Palace in the Wind: Essays on Vernacular Culture and Humanism in Late-Medieval and Renaissance
2447:
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2230:
A Palace in the Wind: Essays on Vernacular Culture and Humanism in Late-Medieval and Renaissance
1766:
Accounts of the Masters of Works for Building and Repairing Royal Palaces and Castles: 1529-1615
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164:, a fellow Catholic with an interest in architecture. The Seton family remained supporters of
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William Schaw was the second son of John Schaw of Broich, and grandson of Sir James Schaw of
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set with diamonds as a New Year's Day gift in 1595. The badge was supplied by the jeweller
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36:
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and consisted of fourteen separate statutes. Some of these were addressed specifically to
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8:
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The Melros Papers: State papers and miscellaneous correspondence of Thomas Earl of Melros
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178:
104:
2483:
Williamson, Arthur H., 'Number & National Consciousness', in: Mason, Roger A., ed.,
2112:
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gave a further 625 gold crowns to spend on Holyrood. Schaw was also responsible for the
177:. In 1588 Schaw was amongst a group of Catholics ordered to appear before the Edinburgh
1980:(Woodbridge, 2020), pp. 14, 39-40, 69, later records identify Frederick as a locksmith.
1846:
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in London in the 1580s. The art of memory constituted an important element of Bruno's
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on a copy of the Second Statutes, as "maister of wark" and "wairden of the maisons",
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959:
533:
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393:
81:
304:
2058:
Acta Legationis Scotica, 1593: A journal of the Danish embassy (Latin). Rigsarkivet
1830:
1778:
1592:
1533:
A gold salamander jewel from the wreck of the Girona, Ulster Museum, Armada gallery
1488:
Two letters were drawn up in 1600 and 1601 and involved the lodges of Dunfermline,
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2010:
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Letters to King James the Sixth from the Queen, Prince Henry, Prince Charles etc
1960:
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939:
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691:
452:
278:
141:
77:
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1834:
1376:
The first point of the new statutes was that master masons in Scotland should;
1352:
220:
as the King's body guard. By this time he had acquired the barony of Sauchie.
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1611:: January–June 1583 and addenda, vol. 17 (London, 1913), no. 362, 9 June 1583
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736:
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and holding anti-English views during the 1590s. He met an English Catholic,
69:
65:
52:
2085:
Inventory of Original Documents in the Archives of George Heriot's Hospital
2001:
Miles Kerr-Peterson & Michael Pearce, (Woodbridge, 2020), pp. 13-4, 55.
1752:
1653:
1110:
891:
756:
397:
288:
145:
2163:
Miles Kerr-Peterson & Michael Pearce, (Woodbridge, 2020), pp. 14, 85.
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1414:
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969:
949:
603:
580:
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354:
170:
97:
68:, as a page of that name received an outfit of black mourning cloth when
1842:
2141:
Miles Kerr-Peterson & Michael Pearce, (Woodbridge, 2020), pp. 13-4.
1878:, vol. 10 (Edinburgh, 1936), pp. 245, 252, 256, 261: James Dennistoun,
1489:
921:
358:
342:
174:
123:
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515:
460:
156:
In November 1583 Schaw travelled on a diplomatic trip to France with
2448:"Domestic Annals of Scotland: Reign of James VI. 1591 – 1603 Part H"
2430:
2397:
588:
295:
that Schaw also brought news that Anne of Denmark was pregnant, and
1799:
Papers Relative to the Marriage of King James the Sixth of Scotland
1751:
See especially National Records of Scotland NRS E23/7/3 for ÂŁ1,000
1395:
863:
795:
266:
560:
painefull, trustye, and welle affectit servand to your majestie."
539:
Schaw died in 1602. He was succeeded as King's Master of Works by
257:
Dumfermline Abbey and Palace ruins in the late seventeenth century
1620:
National Records of Scotland E22/6 Treasurer's Accounts f. 133v
1479:
thame thairafter to work as masters havand charge of ane work."
1399:
1391:
499:
182:
60:
2016:
Extracts from the Records of the Burgh of Edinburgh: 1589-1603
1425:
The Second Schaw Statutes were signed on 28 December 1599, at
353:
Schaw was involved in discussions with the Danish ambassadors
1403:
1386:
443:
In March 1598 he was tasked with giving the Queen's brother,
323:
93:
2431:
Grand Lodge of Antient, Free and Accepted Masons of Scotland
1903:(East Linton: Edinburgh, 2000), pp. 150–153: George Akrigg,
115:
and it was said that he took Esmé's heart back to Scotland.
2398:
Grand Lodge of Antient Free and Accepted Masons of Scotland
1945:(Edinburgh: Woodrow Society, 1843), 164: James Dennistoun,
1553:
The Origins of Freemasonry: Scotland's century: 1590 – 1710
341:, signed a bond in support of their relation James Gibb of
303:
in September 1590, where she was attended by the physician
2478:
The Origins of Freemasonry: Scotland's century 1590 – 1710
2114:
HMC Report on the manuscripts of Colonel David Milne Home
427:. The Queen gave him a hat badge in the form of a golden
242:
1583:(Edinburgh: John Donald, 2023), pp. 278-9 for John Hume.
1579:, vol. 2 part 2 (London, 1824), p. 325: Steven J. Reid,
181:, and English agents reported him as being a suspected
2072:
47th Report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records
2054:
47th Report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records
1948:
Memoirs of the Affairs of the Scotland by David Moysie
1891:
Grant G. Simpson, 'The Personal Letters of James VI',
1880:
Memoirs of the Affairs of the Scotland by David Moysie
518:, an important courtier in the bedchamber, who became
1990:
Register of the Privy Council of Scotland, 1585-1592
479:
His niece married Robert Mowbray, a grandson of the
463:. He provided furnishings for the pregnant queen at
2091:
Records of George Heriot's Trust GD421/1/3/11, etc.
1797:(Woodbridge, 2020), pp. 14–15: J. T. Gibson Craig,
96:", an old word meaning a kind of tenacious hunting
2324:The life and times of Robert Gib, Lord of Carriber
1816:"The 'Great Temple of Solomon' at Stirling Castle"
1628:
1626:
1813:
1644:, vol. 8 (Edinburgh, 1982), pp. 276–277 no. 1676.
1642:Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland: 1581–1584
1581:The Early Life of James VI, A Long Apprenticeship
467:, and in September met an English Catholic exile
92:, while another man John Hume was the keeper of "
2523:
2445:
2372:Memorials of the Montgomeries, Earls of Eglinton
1599:, vol. 8 (HMSO: Edinburgh, 1982), p. 35 no. 210.
459:, Dundee, Stirling Castle, and on a trip to the
1623:
1557:Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland: 1556–67
2030:Life and Times of Robert Gib, Lord of Carriber
1768:, vol. 1 (HMSO: Edinburgh, 1957), pp. 315-323.
1523:'THE SCHAW MONUMENT', Church Monuments Society
2429:These 'statutes' are now the property of the
1907:(University of California, 1984), pp. 104-5:
1742:, vol. 12, (HMSO: Edinburgh, 1952), pp. 227–8
1528:Transcript of William Schaw's Dalkeith letter
1328:
2462:Glendinning, Miles, and McKechnie, Aonghus,
2032:, vol. 1 (London, 1874), pp. 223-230 citing
1963:, 'Anna of Denmark's Coronation and Entry',
1717:, vol. 10 (Edinburgh, 1936), p. 567 no. 606.
874:International Order of the Rainbow for Girls
494:in 1601, which caused a family feud between
231:are documented by exchequer vouchers in the
223:Some payments for Schaw's building work, at
208:. An account of the baptism and banquet for
107:whereby courtiers pledged allegiance to the
2150:Miles Glendinning & Aonghus McKechnie,
1950:(Edinburgh: Maitland Club, 1830), pp. 81–82
1609:Calendar of State Papers Foreign, Elizabeth
1555:(Cambridge University Press, 1988), p. 27:
348:
84:, was strengthening the castle's defences.
2396:These Minutes are now the property of the
1814:Campbell, Ian; Mackenzie, Aonghus (2011).
1335:
1321:
438:
72:died. William the page would have been in
2487:, Folger / CUP, (1994), pp. 187–212.
2219:, 13:1 (Edinburgh, 1969), pp. 289, 293-5.
1809:
1807:
1597:Register of the Privy Council of Scotland
1514:Summary of the Second Schaw Statutes, in
2547:Masters of work to the Crown of Scotland
1882:(Edinburgh: Maitland Club, 1830), p. 81.
1483:
1420:
1351:
524:
369:. This involved receipting accounts for
252:
122:
2504:Master of Work to the Crown of Scotland
2246:: Reign of James VI. 1591 – 1603 Part H
1978:Scottish History Society Miscellany XVI
1795:Scottish History Society Miscellany XVI
1347:
912:Christian attitudes towards Freemasonry
320:elaborate ceremony greeting her arrival
189:at Dalkeith Palace in September 1598.
118:
2524:
2386:For Aitchison's Haven see Blaeu (1654)
2251:
2036:RD1/33, pp. 472-473: Robert Pitcairn,
1872:, vol. 15 (London, 1715), pp. 41-2, 51
1804:
1448:may be taken as a direct reference to
486:, and following his death she married
291:, a contemporary writer, wrote in his
243:Arrival of Anne of Denmark in Scotland
200:. According to the English ambassador
2356:. vol. 2 (Edinburgh 1849), pp. 239–40
1922:, 1 (Edinburgh, 1830), pp. 148, 150:
1801:(Edinburgh, 1836), Appendix 2, p. 10.
1561:Accounts of the Treasurer of Scotland
840:Prince Hall Order of the Eastern Star
2577:Renaissance architecture in Scotland
447:a tour of Scotland with Esmé's son,
422:christening of James' and Anna's son
2480:, Cambridge University Press, 1988.
2420:, (1885), 29–30, see external links
2206:(Edinburgh, 1835), pp. lxxii-lxxiii
2154:(Thames & Hudson, 2004), p. 61.
2052:, 'Report on Archives in Denmark',
1992:, vol. 4 (Edinburgh, 1881), p. 471.
1914:The History of the Kirk of Scotland
1730:, vol. 3 (London, 1823), pp. 526-8.
1492:, Edinburgh, Aitchison's Haven and
563:
337:In June 1590 Schaw and his kinsman
76:with the Regent's court during the
13:
2374:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1859), p. 239
2326:, vol. 1 (London, 1874), pp. 238-9
2279:Church Monuments Society Feb. 2011
2248:, 1874 pub. – accessed 30 May 2007
2192:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1858), p. 297
2087:(Edinburgh, 1857), pp. 16-17: See
1563:, vol. 11 (Edinburgh, 1916), p. 23
474:
402:subsidy Elizabeth gave to James VI
249:Anne of Denmark and contrary winds
144:, may have been a reaction to the
16:Scottish mason and Master of Works
14:
2593:
2342:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1837), 95-6.
2070:'Report on Archives in Denmark',
1700:, 13:1 (Edinburgh, 1969), p. 293.
1507:
747:Order of Royal and Select Masters
2131:(Dunfermline, 1879), pp. 244-245
1943:Sermons by the Rev. Robert Bruce
1920:The Life of King James the First
1905:Letters of King James VI & I
587:
90:Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox
2514:David Cunninghame of Robertland
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2423:
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2402:
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2330:
2315:
2311:(Dunfermline, 1879) pp. 258-260
2300:
2283:
2272:
2235:
2222:
2210:
2196:
2178:
2166:
2157:
2144:
2135:
2120:
2106:
2094:
2078:
2062:
2043:
2022:
2004:
1995:
1983:
1970:
1954:
1935:
1885:
1861:
1787:
1771:
1758:
1745:
1733:
1720:
1703:
1691:
1053:Great Architect of the Universe
541:David Cunninghame of Robertland
407:
194:Richard Cockburn of Clerkington
2217:Calendar State Papers Scotland
2173:Calendar State Papers Scotland
1876:Calendar State Papers Scotland
1740:Calendar State Papers Scotland
1715:Calendar State Papers Scotland
1698:Calendar State Papers Scotland
1667:
1647:
1635:
1614:
1602:
1586:
1566:
1545:
412:James VI and Anna built a new
1:
2040:(Edinburgh, 1833), pp. 187-9.
2034:National Archives of Scotland
1728:Progresses of Queen Elizabeth
1538:
1083:List of Masonic Abbreviations
902:Grand Anti-Masonic Exhibition
762:Order of Saint Thomas of Acon
387:Sir George Home of Wedderburn
136:replacement of the incumbent
2567:Household of Anne of Denmark
2557:Burials at Dunfermline Abbey
2552:16th-century Scottish people
2466:, Thames & Hudson, 2004.
2232:(Peeters, 2000), pp. 199-200
2089:National Records of Scotland
1931:(Edinburgh, 1830), pp. 29–34
1916:, 5 (Edinburgh, 1844), p. 82
1516:HMC Report: Earl of Eglinton
1048:Masonic ritual and symbolism
629:Regular Masonic jurisdiction
233:National Records of Scotland
80:, while the Master of Work,
46:
7:
2376:, modernised spelling here.
2244:Domestic Annals of Scotland
2190:Domestic Annals of Scotland
907:Masonic conspiracy theories
851:Masonic youth organizations
702:Order of Mark Master Masons
10:
2598:
2497:Robert Drummond of Carnock
2018:(Edinburgh, 1927), pp. 329
1965:Sixteenth-Century Scotland
1924:James Thomson Gibson-Craig
1782:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1892)
1687:(Edinburgh, 1827), p. 366.
1664:(Edinburgh, 1815), p. 460.
1662:Memorie of the Somervilles
634:Anglo-American Freemasonry
379:queen's household accounts
246:
138:Robert Drummond of Carnock
20:
2582:People of Stirling Castle
2510:
2501:
2493:
2446:Chalmers, Robert (1874).
1835:10.1017/S0066622X00004019
1577:Annals of the Reformation
1518:(London, 1885), pp. 29–30
1030:List of Masonic buildings
1010:Mark Masons' Hall, London
835:Order of the Eastern Star
383:Harry Lindsay of Kinfauns
273:and his request that the
23:William Schaw (physician)
2257:McKean, Charles (2001).
1394:. While in some places (
1005:Freemasons' Hall, London
917:Papal ban of Freemasonry
817:Masonic groups for women
727:Red Cross of Constantine
349:Chamberlain to the Queen
2562:Court of James VI and I
2038:Ancient Criminal Trials
1855:(subscription required)
1431:Lodge Mother Kilwinning
1000:Lodge Mother Kilwinning
767:Royal Order of Scotland
639:Continental Freemasonry
624:Prince Hall Freemasonry
449:Ludovic, Duke of Lennox
445:Ulrik, Duke of Holstein
439:Ulrik, Duke of Holstein
371:jewels the Queen bought
283:Palace of Holyroodhouse
237:Gowrie House conspiracy
140:with Schaw, known as a
55:. Broich is now called
41:Freemasonry in Scotland
21:For the physician, see
2295:Origins of Freemasonry
1967:(Brill, 2008), p. 293.
1777:Fraser, William, ed.,
1755:dated 22/23 July 1596.
1713:(Oxford, 1988) p. 27:
1711:Origins of Freemasonry
1685:Memoirs of My own Life
1481:
1382:
1365:
1025:Detroit Masonic Temple
806:Tall Cedars of Lebanon
801:Royal Order of Jesters
772:Order of Knight Masons
752:Grand College of Rites
657:History of Freemasonry
614:Masonic lodge officers
557:
536:
471:who came to Dalkeith.
326:and the decoration of
258:
154:
128:
2464:Scottish Architecture
2418:HMC Earl of Eglington
2354:Montgomerie Memorials
2261:. Sutton Publishing.
2152:Scottish Architecture
2116:(London, 1892), p. 71
2074:(London, 1886), p. 34
2068:William Dunn Macray,
1901:The Reign of James VI
1823:Architectural History
1484:The Sinclair Statutes
1476:
1444:The reference to the
1421:Second Schaw Statutes
1378:
1355:
1078:Chamber of Reflection
830:Order of the Amaranth
825:Women and Freemasonry
742:Societas Rosicruciana
545:
528:
256:
150:
131:On 21 December 1583,
126:
2322:George Duncan Gibb,
2306:Ebenezer Henderson,
2259:The Scottish Chateau
2126:Ebenezer Henderson,
2028:George Duncan Gibb,
1941:William Cunningham,
1348:First Schaw Statutes
1119:Volume of Sacred Law
1058:Square and Compasses
275:Provost of Edinburgh
166:Mary, Queen of Scots
119:Great Master of Work
109:Scottish Reformation
37:James VI of Scotland
2542:Scottish architects
2485:Scots & Britons
2450:. Electric Scotland
2293:: David Stevenson,
2050:William Dunn Macray
1918:: Robert Chambers,
1784:, pp. 10-11 no. 13.
1465:Michel de Castelnau
1015:House of the Temple
975:John the Evangelist
667:Masonic manuscripts
510:of Broich, married
373:from the goldsmith
297:Chancellor Maitland
105:negative confession
31:(c. 1550–1602) was
2408:Stevenson, p48- 49
1679:Sir James Melville
1366:
1364:, 28 December 1599
995:List of Freemasons
990:Elizabeth Aldworth
897:Anti-Masonic Party
712:Royal Arch Masonry
537:
457:Ravenscraig Castle
312:Dunfermline Palace
301:Dunfermline Palace
259:
196:was admitted as a
192:In September 1591
129:
2520:
2519:
2511:Succeeded by
2476:Stevenson, David
2241:Chalmers, Robert
1709:David Stevenson,
1559:, nos. 810, 811:
1551:David Stevenson,
1411:Aitchison's Haven
1345:
1344:
1093:Masonic Landmarks
1068:Eye of Providence
960:Thomas Smith Webb
934:People and places
534:Dunfermline Abbey
520:Earl of Annandale
506:. Another niece,
394:Dunfermline Abbey
103:Schaw signed the
82:William MacDowall
2589:
2494:Preceded by
2491:
2490:
2473:, Peeters, 2000.
2459:
2457:
2455:
2433:
2427:
2421:
2415:
2409:
2406:
2400:
2394:
2388:
2383:
2377:
2364:
2358:
2349:
2343:
2334:
2328:
2319:
2313:
2304:
2298:
2287:
2281:
2276:
2270:
2255:
2249:
2239:
2233:
2226:
2220:
2214:
2208:
2200:
2194:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2161:
2155:
2148:
2142:
2139:
2133:
2124:
2118:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2092:
2082:
2076:
2066:
2060:
2056:(London, 1886):
2047:
2041:
2026:
2020:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1974:
1968:
1958:
1952:
1939:
1933:
1889:
1883:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1820:
1811:
1802:
1791:
1785:
1775:
1769:
1764:Henry M. Paton,
1762:
1756:
1749:
1743:
1737:
1731:
1724:
1718:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1671:
1665:
1658:James Somerville
1651:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1632:Stevenson, p. 28
1630:
1621:
1618:
1612:
1606:
1600:
1593:Gordon Donaldson
1590:
1584:
1570:
1564:
1549:
1498:lairds of Roslin
1463:at the house of
1337:
1330:
1323:
1100:Morals and Dogma
1020:Solomon's Temple
980:John the Baptist
886:Views on Masonry
591:
568:
567:
564:Masonic Statutes
504:Edinburgh Castle
451:, taking him to
74:Edinburgh Castle
2597:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2507:
2499:
2453:
2451:
2442:
2437:
2436:
2428:
2424:
2416:
2412:
2407:
2403:
2395:
2391:
2384:
2380:
2365:
2361:
2350:
2346:
2335:
2331:
2320:
2316:
2305:
2301:
2288:
2284:
2277:
2273:
2256:
2252:
2240:
2236:
2227:
2223:
2215:
2211:
2201:
2197:
2185:Robert Chambers
2183:
2179:
2171:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2125:
2121:
2111:
2107:
2101:Exchequer Rolls
2099:
2095:
2083:
2079:
2067:
2063:
2048:
2044:
2027:
2023:
2011:Marguerite Wood
2009:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1988:
1984:
1975:
1971:
1959:
1955:
1940:
1936:
1890:
1886:
1866:
1862:
1854:
1818:
1812:
1805:
1792:
1788:
1780:Sutherland Book
1776:
1772:
1763:
1759:
1750:
1746:
1738:
1734:
1725:
1721:
1708:
1704:
1696:
1692:
1674:Thomson, Thomas
1672:
1668:
1652:
1648:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1607:
1603:
1591:
1587:
1571:
1567:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1510:
1504:
1501:death in 1602.
1486:
1423:
1350:
1341:
1312:
1311:
1237:North Macedonia
1132:
1124:
1123:
1088:Sprig of Acacia
1043:
1035:
1034:
955:William Preston
935:
927:
926:
887:
879:
878:
869:Job's Daughters
722:Knights Templar
717:Cryptic Masonry
707:Holy Royal Arch
680:
672:
671:
652:
644:
643:
599:
566:
508:Elizabeth Schaw
496:Francis Mowbray
477:
475:Family and feud
465:Dalkeith Palace
441:
418:Stirling Castle
410:
392:Alterations at
351:
316:Queen Elizabeth
307:and a midwife.
263:Anne of Denmark
251:
245:
229:Stirling Castle
225:Falkland Palace
206:Lewis Bellenden
198:Lord of Session
162:Alexander Seton
121:
49:
33:Master of Works
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2595:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2509:
2500:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2422:
2410:
2401:
2389:
2378:
2367:William Fraser
2359:
2344:
2329:
2314:
2299:
2291:Inventory Fife
2282:
2271:
2250:
2234:
2221:
2209:
2195:
2177:
2165:
2156:
2143:
2134:
2119:
2105:
2093:
2077:
2061:
2042:
2021:
2003:
1994:
1982:
1969:
1961:Maureen Meikle
1953:
1934:
1909:Thomas Thomson
1893:Julian Goodare
1884:
1867:Thomas Rymer,
1860:
1803:
1786:
1770:
1757:
1744:
1732:
1726:John Nichols,
1719:
1702:
1690:
1666:
1646:
1634:
1622:
1613:
1601:
1585:
1565:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1509:
1508:External links
1506:
1485:
1482:
1461:Giordano Bruno
1457:William Fowler
1435:art of memorie
1422:
1419:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1332:
1325:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1108:
1106:Propaganda Due
1103:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
945:James Anderson
942:
940:Masonic Temple
936:
933:
932:
929:
928:
925:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
888:
885:
884:
881:
880:
877:
876:
871:
866:
861:
855:
854:
852:
848:
847:
845:Co-Freemasonry
842:
837:
832:
827:
821:
820:
818:
814:
813:
808:
803:
798:
792:
791:
789:
785:
784:
779:
777:Research Lodge
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
692:Masonic bodies
688:
687:
685:
681:
679:Masonic bodies
678:
677:
674:
673:
670:
669:
664:
662:Liberté chérie
659:
653:
650:
649:
646:
645:
642:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
600:
597:
596:
593:
592:
584:
583:
577:
576:
565:
562:
532:was buried at
488:James Colville
476:
473:
440:
437:
409:
406:
367:William Fowler
350:
347:
328:St Giles' Kirk
305:Martin Schöner
247:Main article:
244:
241:
210:Prince Charles
142:Roman Catholic
120:
117:
78:siege of Leith
48:
45:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2594:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
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2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2515:
2506:
2505:
2498:
2492:
2486:
2482:
2479:
2475:
2472:
2468:
2465:
2461:
2449:
2444:
2443:
2432:
2426:
2419:
2414:
2405:
2399:
2393:
2387:
2382:
2375:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2357:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2340:
2336:J. Maidment,
2333:
2327:
2325:
2318:
2312:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2292:
2286:
2280:
2275:
2268:
2267:0-7509-2323-7
2264:
2260:
2254:
2247:
2245:
2238:
2231:
2225:
2218:
2213:
2207:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2174:
2169:
2160:
2153:
2147:
2138:
2132:
2130:
2123:
2117:
2115:
2109:
2102:
2097:
2090:
2086:
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2075:
2073:
2065:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2017:
2012:
2007:
1998:
1991:
1986:
1979:
1973:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1951:
1949:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1915:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1897:Michael Lynch
1894:
1888:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1871:
1864:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
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1796:
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1783:
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1767:
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1736:
1729:
1723:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1699:
1694:
1688:
1686:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1654:Scott, Walter
1650:
1643:
1638:
1629:
1627:
1617:
1610:
1605:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1582:
1578:
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1511:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1480:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1446:art of memory
1442:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1427:Holyroodhouse
1418:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1388:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1363:
1362:Holyroodhouse
1359:
1358:William Schaw
1356:Signature of
1354:
1338:
1333:
1331:
1326:
1324:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1308:
1307:United States
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
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1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
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1168:
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1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
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1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1063:Pigpen cipher
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
985:William Schaw
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
965:Albert Mackey
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
937:
931:
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923:
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918:
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913:
910:
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905:
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898:
895:
893:
890:
889:
883:
882:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
856:
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849:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
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823:
822:
819:
816:
815:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
793:
790:
787:
786:
783:
780:
778:
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773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
737:Knight Kadosh
735:
733:
732:Scottish Rite
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
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29:William Schaw
24:
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2532:1550s births
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2452:. Retrieved
2440:Bibliography
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2352:Fraser ed.,
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2015:
2006:
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1989:
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1956:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1928:
1919:
1913:
1904:
1900:
1887:
1879:
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1869:
1863:
1853:– via
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1367:
1357:
1267:South Africa
1113:Ahiman Rezon
1112:
1099:
984:
892:Anti-Masonry
788:Side degrees
757:Swedish Rite
619:Grand Master
558:
554:
550:
546:
538:
529:
478:
442:
425:Prince Henry
414:Chapel Royal
411:
408:Chapel Royal
398:Presbyterian
391:
352:
336:
309:
292:
289:David Moysie
287:
260:
222:
214:
202:Robert Bowes
191:
160:and his son
155:
151:
146:Ruthven Raid
130:
113:Esmé Stewart
102:
86:
50:
28:
27:
18:
2537:1602 deaths
1573:John Strype
1453:esotericism
1450:renaissance
1415:Prestonpans
1371:Old Charges
1242:Philippines
1073:Hiram Abiff
970:Albert Pike
950:Prince Hall
604:Grand Lodge
581:Freemasonry
512:John Murray
492:East Wemyss
469:George More
363:Chamberlain
355:Steen Bille
187:George More
171:Dunfermline
98:scent hound
2572:Clan Schaw
2526:Categories
2508:1583–1602
1660:, author,
1539:References
1494:Haddington
1490:St Andrews
1217:Luxembourg
1131:By country
1111:Dermott's
922:Taxil hoax
811:The Grotto
796:The Shrine
429:salamander
359:Niels Krag
279:John Arnot
179:Presbytery
175:St Andrews
158:Lord Seton
2269:. P. 158.
1851:193905578
1302:Venezuela
1277:Sri Lanka
1192:Indonesia
697:York Rite
516:Lochmaben
481:treasurer
461:Bass Rock
339:John Gibb
218:Lord Hume
57:Arngomery
47:Biography
1843:41418349
1471:system.
1396:Stirling
1287:Thailand
1262:Scotland
1247:Portugal
1222:Malaysia
1137:Barbados
864:A.J.E.F.
598:Overview
573:a series
571:Part of
381:kept by
332:tapestry
267:Kronborg
133:James VI
2289:RCAHMS
1870:Foedera
1469:magical
1413:, near
1392:wrights
1297:Ukraine
1252:Romania
1212:Lebanon
1182:Iceland
1177:Germany
1172:Finland
1162:Denmark
1157:Croatia
1142:Belgium
1098:Pike's
1042:Related
859:DeMolay
684:Masonic
651:History
343:Bo'ness
269:to the
94:ratches
53:Sauchie
2454:30 May
2297:(1988)
2265:
1895:&
1849:
1841:
1829:: 94.
1400:Dundee
1387:shires
1292:Turkey
1282:Sweden
1257:Russia
1232:Mexico
1197:Israel
1167:France
1147:Canada
500:rapier
293:Memoir
183:Jesuit
61:Kippen
1847:S2CID
1839:JSTOR
1819:(PDF)
1753:Scots
1676:ed.,
1656:ed.,
1404:burgh
1272:Spain
1227:Malta
1207:Japan
1202:Italy
1187:India
1152:China
782:Corks
330:with
324:Leith
2456:2007
2263:ISBN
1398:and
455:and
453:Fife
385:for
357:and
227:and
173:and
1831:doi
514:of
490:of
416:at
389:.
322:at
35:to
2528::
2369:,
2187:,
2013:,
1926:,
1911:,
1899:,
1874::
1845:.
1837:.
1827:54
1825:.
1821:.
1806:^
1682:,
1625:^
1595:,
1575:,
1455:.
1417:.
575:on
522:.
435:.
404:.
285:.
277:,
100:.
43:.
2458:.
1857:.
1833::
1336:e
1329:t
1322:v
25:.
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