1534:
1038:
638:
2457:
2240:
diverse peoples. Yet he also created new ones, particularly by supporting colonisation that polarised the crown's interest groups in
Ireland, obtaining insufficient political benefit with his open-handed patronage, an unfortunate lack of attention to the image of monarchy (particularly after the image-obsessed regime of Elizabeth), pursuing a pro-Spanish foreign policy that fired religious prejudice and opened the door for Arminians within the English church, and enforcing unpalatable religious changes on the Scottish Kirk. Many of these criticisms are framed within a longer view of James' reigns, including the legacyânow understood to be more troubledâwhich he left Charles I.
1916:
1907:
2412:
2430:
2421:
10030:
8232:
415:
2025:
1046:
1452:
1728:
6658:, p. 136: "Rumours of foul play involving Rochester and his wife with Overbury had, however, been circulating since his death. Indeed, almost two years later, in September 1615, and as James was in the process of replacing Rochester with a new favourite, George Villiers, the Governor of the Tower of London sent a letter to the king informing him that one of the warders in the days before Overbury had been found dead had been bringing the prisoner poisoned food and medicine";
2119:
5924:, pp. 63â64: "The aging monarch was no match for the two men closest to him. By the end of the year, the prince and the royal favourite spoke openly against the Spanish marriage and pressured James to call a parliament to consider their now repugnant treaties ... with hindsight ... the prince's return from Madrid marked the end of the king's reign. The prince and the favourite encouraged popular anti-Spanish sentiments to commandeer control of foreign and domestic policy".
2135:, "so did he die in peace, and I pray God our king may follow him". The Earl prayed in vain: once in power, King Charles I and the Duke of Buckingham sanctioned a series of reckless military expeditions that ended in humiliating failure. James had often neglected the business of government for leisure pastimes, such as the hunt; his later dependence on favourites at a scandal-ridden court undermined the respected image of monarchy so carefully constructed by Elizabeth I.
1141:
930:
11242:
1694:, whereby Parliament, in return for ten royal concessions, would grant a lump sum of ÂŁ600,000 to pay off the king's debts plus an annual grant of ÂŁ200,000. The ensuing prickly negotiations became so protracted that James eventually lost patience and dismissed Parliament on 31 December 1610. "Your greatest error", he told Salisbury, "hath been that ye ever expected to draw honey out of gall". The same pattern was repeated with the so-called "
42:
11649:
795:
2228:, Willson's book was an "astonishing spectacle of a work whose every page proclaimed its author's increasing hatred for his subject". Since Willson, however, the stability of James's government in Scotland and in the early part of his English reign, as well as his relatively enlightened views on religion and war, have earned him a re-evaluation from many historians, who have rescued his reputation from this tradition of criticism.
1197:. James personally supervised the torture of women accused of being witches. After 1599, his views became more sceptical. In a later letter written in England to his son Henry, James congratulates the prince on "the discovery of yon little counterfeit wench. I pray God ye may be my heir in such discoveries ... most miracles now-a-days prove but illusions, and ye may see by this how wary judges should be in trusting accusations".
8265:
2016:
in the meantime by
Villiers. James pardoned the Countess and commuted the Earl's sentence of death, eventually pardoning him in 1624. The implication of the king in such a scandal provoked much public and literary conjecture and irreparably tarnished James's court with an image of corruption and depravity. The subsequent downfall of the Howards left Villiers unchallenged as the supreme figure in the government by 1619.
6870:"Great Britains Salomon A sermon preached at the magnificent funerall, of the most high and mighty king, Iames, the late King of Great Britaine, France, and Ireland, defender of the faith, &c. At the Collegiat Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, the seuenth of May 1625. By the Right Honorable, and Right Reuerend Father in God, Iohn, Lord Bishop of Lincolne, Lord Keeper of the Great Seale of England, &c"
1666:
also, but of the whole body of the State in general". The sensational discovery of the "Gunpowder Plot", as it quickly became known, aroused a mood of national relief at the delivery of the king and his sons. The Earl of
Salisbury exploited this to extract higher subsidies from the ensuing Parliament than any but one granted to Elizabeth. Fawkes and others implicated in the unsuccessful conspiracy were executed.
1797:
anti-Catholic legislation by
Parliament. Though a treaty was signed, Charles and Buckingham returned to England in October without the infanta and immediately renounced the treaty, much to the delight of the British people. Disillusioned by the visit to Spain, Charles and Buckingham now turned James's Spanish policy upon its head and called for a French match and a war against the
1372:, James maintains that the king owns his realm as a feudal lord owns his fief, because kings arose "before any estates or ranks of men, before any parliaments were holden, or laws made, and by them was the land distributed, which at first was wholly theirs. And so it follows of necessity that kings were the authors and makers of the laws, and not the laws of the kings."
2258:" in London on 24 March 1603. On 20 October 1604, James issued a proclamation at Westminster changing his style to "King of Great Brittaine, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c." The style was not used on English statutes, but was used on proclamations, coinage, letters, treaties, and in Scotland. James styled himself "King of France",
1643:. James celebrated the treaty by hosting a great banquet. Freedom of worship for Catholics in England, however, continued to be a major objective of Spanish policy, causing constant dilemmas for James, distrusted abroad for repression of Catholics while at home being encouraged by the Privy Council to show even less tolerance towards them.
1989:
entered a period of decline and disrepute. Salisbury's passing gave James the notion of governing in person as his own chief
Minister of State, with his young Scottish favourite Robert Carr carrying out many of Salisbury's former duties, but James's inability to attend closely to official business exposed the government to factionalism.
1316:
1259:
1806:, when he opposed the plan on grounds of cost. The outcome of the Parliament of 1624 was ambiguous: James still refused to declare or fund a war, but Charles believed the Commons had committed themselves to finance a war against Spain, a stance that was to contribute to his problems with Parliament in his own reign.
1724:, as it was called, was also attractive to James as a way to maintain peace with Spain and avoid the additional costs of a war. Peace could be maintained as effectively by keeping the negotiations alive as by consummating the matchâwhich may explain why James protracted the negotiations for almost a decade.
2051:. He also lost his teeth and drank heavily. The king was often seriously ill during the last year of his life, leaving him an increasingly peripheral figure, rarely able to visit London, while Buckingham consolidated his control of Charles to ensure his own future. One theory is that James suffered from
3964:
It is very likely that
Overbury was the victim of a 'set-up' contrived by the earls of Northampton and Suffolk, with Carr's complicity, to keep him out of the way during the annulment proceedings. Overbury knew too much of Carr's dealings with Frances and he opposed the match with a fervour that made
1489:
On 5 April, James left
Edinburgh for London, promising to return every three years (a promise that he did not keep), and progressed slowly southwards. Local lords received him with lavish hospitality along the route and James was amazed by the wealth of his new land and subjects, claiming that he was
3804:
Elizabeth I wrote to Mary: "My ears have been so astounded, my mind so disturbed and my heart so appalled at hearing the horrible report of the abominable murder of your late husband and my slaughtered cousin, that I can scarcely as yet summon the spirit to write about it ... I will not conceal from
2239:
Croft's overall assessment of James is appropriately mixed. She recognises his good intentions in matters like Anglo-Scottish union, his openness to different points of view, and his agenda of a peaceful foreign policy within his kingdoms' financial means. His actions moderated frictions between his
2015:
In summer 1615, however, it emerged that
Overbury had been poisoned. He had died on 15 September 1613 in the Tower of London, where he had been placed at the king's request. Among those convicted of the murder were the Earl and Countess of Somerset; the Earl had been replaced as the king's favourite
1665:
of the second session of James's first
English Parliament. Fawkes was guarding a pile of wood not far from 36 barrels of gunpowder with which he intended to blow up Parliament House the following day and cause the destruction, as James put it, "not only ... of my person, nor of my wife and posterity
1988:
When the Earl of
Salisbury died in 1612, he was little mourned by those who jostled to fill the power vacuum. Until Salisbury's death, the Elizabethan administrative system over which he had presided continued to function with relative efficiency; from this time forward, however, James's government
1796:
In early 1623, Prince Charles, now 22, and Buckingham decided to seize the initiative and travel to Spain incognito, to win Infanta Maria Anna directly, but the mission proved an ineffectual mistake. Maria Anna detested Charles, and the Spanish confronted them with terms that included the repeal of
3979:
Some historians (for example Willson) consider James, who was 58 in 1624, to have lapsed into premature senility; but he suffered from an agonising species of arthritis which constantly left him indisposed, as well as other ailments; and Pauline Croft suggests that James regained some control over
1984:
observed that "it is well known that the king of England / fucks the Duke of Buckingham". Buckingham himself provides evidence that he slept in the same bed as the king, writing to James many years later that he had pondered "whether you loved me now ... better than at the time which I shall never
1801:
empire. To raise the necessary finance, they prevailed upon James to call another Parliament, which met in February 1624. For once, the outpouring of anti-Catholic sentiment in the Commons was echoed in court, where control of policy was shifting from James to Charles and Buckingham, who pressured
1680:
The co-operation between monarch and Parliament following the Gunpowder Plot was atypical. Instead, it was the previous session of 1604 that shaped the attitudes of both sides for the rest of the reign, though the initial difficulties owed more to mutual incomprehension than conscious enmity. On 7
3856:
The introduction of Henry Howard (soon Earl of Northampton) and of Thomas Howard (soon Earl of Suffolk) marked the beginning of the rise of the Howard family to power in England, which culminated in their dominance of James's government after the death of Cecil in 1612. Henry Howard, son of poet
1756:
Spanish. Raleigh's expedition was a disastrous failure, and his son Walter was killed fighting the Spanish. On Raleigh's return to England, James had him executed to the indignation of the public, who opposed the appeasement of Spain. James's policy was further jeopardised by the outbreak of the
1685:
after failing to win its support either for full union or financial subsidies. "I will not thank where I feel no thanks due", he had remarked in his closing speech. "... I am not of such a stock as to praise fools ... You see how many things you did not well ... I wish you would make use of your
1623:, "compassed with one sea and of itself by nature indivisible?" In April 1604, however, the Commons refused his request to be titled "King of Great Britain" on legal grounds. In October 1604, he assumed the title "King of Great Britain" instead of "King of England" and "King of Scotland", though
3809:
nonetheless concludes: "Not a single piece of uncontaminated evidence has ever been found to show that Mary had foreknowledge of Darnley's murder". In historian David Harris Willson's view, however: "That Bothwell was the murderer no one can doubt; and that Mary was his accomplice seems equally
1776:
home territory. Matters came to a head when James finally called a Parliament in 1621 to fund a military expedition in support of his son-in-law. The Commons on the one hand granted subsidies inadequate to finance serious military operations in aid of Frederick, and on the otherâremembering the
1490:"swapping a stony couch for a deep feather bed". James arrived in the capital on 7 May, nine days after Elizabeth's funeral. His new subjects flocked to see him, relieved that the succession had triggered neither unrest nor invasion. On arrival at London, he was mobbed by a crowd of spectators.
1363:
was written as a book of instruction for the four-year-old Prince Henry and provides a more practical guide to kingship. The work is considered to be well written and perhaps the best example of James's prose. James's advice concerning parliaments, which he understood as merely the king's "head
1246:
to accompany him. There followed a period of peace, but the clans were soon at loggerheads with one another again. During James VI's reign, the citizens of the Hebrides were portrayed as lawless barbarians rather than being the cradle of Scottish Christianity and nationhood. Official documents
1755:
and other Catholic-leaning ministers and diplomatsâtogether known as the Spanish Partyâbut deeply distrusted in Protestant England. When Walter Raleigh was released from imprisonment in 1616, he embarked on a hunt for gold in South America with strict instructions from James not to engage the
6634:, p. 105: "Packets were sent, sometimes opened by my lord, sometimes unbroken unto Overbury, who perused them, registered them, made table-talk of them, as they thought good. So I will undertake the time was, when Overbury knew more of the secrets of state, than the council-table did."
6602:, p. 333: "Finances fell into chaos, foreign affairs became more difficult. James exalted a worthless favourite and increased the power of the Howards. As government relaxed and honour cheapened, we enter a period of decline and weakness, of intrigue, scandal, confusion and treachery."
870:
or tutors. As the young king's senior tutor, Buchanan subjected James to regular beatings but also instilled in him a lifelong passion for literature and learning. Buchanan sought to turn James into a God-fearing, Protestant king who accepted the limitations of monarchy, as outlined in his
1428:
their written language, and followed the king to London after 1603. James's role as active literary participant and patron made him a defining figure in many respects for English Renaissance poetry and drama, which reached a pinnacle of achievement in his reign, but his patronage of the
616:", an epithet associated with his character ever since. Since the latter half of the 20th century, historians have tended to revise James's reputation and treat him as a serious and thoughtful monarch. He was strongly committed to a peace policy, and tried to avoid involvement in
2366:
The arms used in Scotland were: Quarterly, I and IV Scotland, II England and France, III Ireland, with Scotland taking precedence over England. The supporters were: dexter a unicorn of Scotland imperially crowned, supporting a tilting lance flying a banner Azure a saltire Argent
1985:
forget at Farnham, where the bed's head could not be found between the master and his dog". Buckingham's words may be interpreted as non-sexual, in the context of 17th-century court life, and remain ambiguous despite their fondness. It is also possible that James was bisexual.
1485:
to prepare in advance for a smooth succession. With the queen clearly dying, Cecil sent James a draft proclamation of his accession to the English throne in March 1603. Elizabeth died in the early hours of 24 March, and James was proclaimed king in London later the same day.
1105:, James and Anne returned to Scotland on 1 May 1590. By all accounts, James was at first infatuated with Anne and, in the early years of their marriage, seems always to have shown her patience and affection. The royal couple produced three children who survived to adulthood:
1060:
Throughout his youth, James was praised for his chastity, since he showed little interest in women. After the loss of Lennox, he continued to prefer male company. A suitable marriage, however, was necessary to reinforce his rule, and the choice fell on fourteen-year-old
989:
brought some control over the ruinous state of James's finances in 1596, but it drew opposition from vested interests. It was disbanded within a year after a riot in Edinburgh, which was stoked by anti-Catholicism and led the court to withdraw to Linlithgow temporarily.
1627:
told him that he could not use the style in "any legal proceeding, instrument or assurance" and the title was not used on English statutes. James forced the Scottish Parliament to use it, and it was used on proclamations, coinage, letters, and treaties in both realms.
920:
on 19 October 1579. Morton was executed on 2 June 1581, belatedly charged with complicity in Darnley's murder. On 8 August, James made Lennox the only duke in Scotland. The king, then fifteen years old, remained under the influence of Lennox for about one more year.
3819:
James's captors forced from him a proclamation, dated 30 August, declaring that he was not being held prisoner "forced or constrained, for fear or terror, or against his will", and that no one should come to his aid as a result of "seditious or contrary reports".
775:
6177:, p. 208: "... his sexuality has long been a matter of debate. He clearly preferred the company of handsome young men. The evidence of his correspondence and contemporary accounts have led some historians to conclude that the king was homosexual or
4056:; and, of course, speeches to parliament ... He was the patron of Shakespeare, Jonson, Donne, and the translators of the "Authorized version" of the Bible, surely the greatest concentration of literary talent ever to enjoy royal sponsorship in England."
3869:
by David Lindley. Henry Howard is a traditionally reviled figure (Willson called him "A man of dark counsels and creeping schemes, learned but bombastic, and a most fulsome flatterer") whose reputation was upgraded by Linda Levy Peck's 1982 biography
1009:, and the Earl of Gowrie was killed in the ensuing fracas; there were few surviving witnesses. Given James's history with the Ruthvens and the fact that he owed them a great deal of money, his account of the circumstances was not universally believed.
4279:, p. 27: "Suffer nor admit no noblemen of our realm or any others, of what condition soever they be of, to enter or come within our said Castle or to the presence of our said dearest son, with any more persons but two or three at the most."
1832:
even at court. Henry Howard, for example, was a crypto-Catholic, received back into the Catholic Church in his final months. On ascending the English throne, James suspected that he might need the support of Catholics in England, so he assured
1689:
As James's reign progressed, his government faced growing financial pressures, partly due to creeping inflation but also to the profligacy and financial incompetence of James's court. In February 1610, Salisbury proposed a scheme, known as the
1016:
with England. That and his mother's execution in 1587, which he denounced as a "preposterous and strange procedure", helped clear the way for his succession south of the border. Queen Elizabeth was unmarried and childless, and James was her
5852:, p. 423: "We cannot with patience endure our subjects to use such anti-monarchical words to us concerning their liberties, except they had subjoined that they were granted unto them by the grace and favour of our predecessors."
1353:, explaining that kings are higher beings than other men for Biblical reasons, though "the highest bench is the sliddriest to sit upon". The document proposes an absolutist theory of monarchy, by which a king may impose new laws by
1612:. As a consequence, James was free to concentrate on bigger issues, such as a scheme for a closer union between England and Scotland and matters of foreign policy, as well as to enjoy his leisure pursuits, particularly hunting.
2130:
James was widely mourned. For all his flaws, he had largely retained the affection of his people, who had enjoyed uninterrupted peace and comparatively low taxation during the Jacobean era. "As he lived in peace", remarked the
1941:
was known as the king's mistress. After his accession in England, his peaceful and scholarly attitude contrasted strikingly with the bellicose and flirtatious behaviour of Elizabeth, as indicated by the contemporary epigram
893:, who was carried fatally wounded into Stirling Castle a year later after a raid by Mary's supporters. His successor, the Earl of Mar, "took a vehement sickness" and died on 28 October 1572 at Stirling. Mar's illness, wrote
3969:
reported that the king "hath long had a desire to remove him from about the lord of Rochester, as thinking it a dishonour to him that the world should have an opinion that Rochester ruled him and Overbury ruled Rochester".
1959:
observed that he "never yet saw any fond husband make so much or so great dalliance over his beautiful spouse as I have seen King James over his favourites, especially the Duke of Buckingham" whom the king would, recalled
1856:
become optional. James was strict in enforcing conformity at first, inducing a sense of persecution amongst many Puritans; but ejections and suspensions from livings became rarer as the reign continued. As a result of the
1283:
were enacted in 1609, which required clan chiefs to provide support for Protestant ministers to Highland parishes; to outlaw bards; to report regularly to Edinburgh to answer for their actions; and to send their heirs to
4048:, p. 1: "James VI and I was the most writerly of British monarchs. He produced original poetry, as well as translation and a treatise on poetics; works on witchcraft and tobacco; meditations and commentaries on the
1979:
among crimes "ye are bound in conscience never to forgive", and James's wife Anne gave birth to seven live children, as well as suffering two stillbirths and at least three other miscarriages. Contemporary Huguenot poet
3861:, had been a diligent correspondent with James in advance of the succession (James referred to him as "long approved and trusted Howard"). His connection with James may have owed something to the attempt by his brother
1288:, to be educated in English-speaking Protestant schools. So began a process "specifically aimed at the extirpation of the Gaelic language, the destruction of its traditional culture and the suppression of its bearers."
3805:
you that people for the most part are saying that you will look through your fingers at this deed instead of avenging it and that you don't care to take action against those who have done you this pleasure." Historian
2359:. The English crest and motto was retained. The compartment often contained a branch of the Tudor rose, with shamrock and thistle engrafted on the same stem. The arms were frequently shown with James's personal motto,
2004:) soon took control of much of the government and its patronage. Even the powerful Carr fell into the Howard camp, hardly experienced for the responsibilities thrust upon him and often dependent on his intimate friend
3709:
980:
to assert royal authority over the Kirk, and denounced the writings of his former tutor Buchanan. Between 1584 and 1603, he established effective royal government and relative peace among the lords, ably assisted by
1278:
began well, but the colonists were driven out by local forces commanded by Murdoch and Neil MacLeod. The colonists tried again in 1605 with the same result, although a third attempt in 1607 was more successful. The
1781:, they framed a petition asking not only for war with Spain but also for Prince Charles to marry a Protestant, and for enforcement of the anti-Catholic laws. James flatly told them not to interfere in matters of
6710:, p. 20: "Probably no single event, prior to the attempt to arrest the five members in 1642, did more to lessen the general reverence with which royalty was regarded in England than this unsavoury episode."
1698:" of 1614, which James dissolved after a mere nine weeks when the Commons hesitated to grant him the money he required. James then ruled without parliament until 1621, employing officials such as the merchant
1299:, resisted the Statutes of Iona and was consequently imprisoned. His natural son Robert led an unsuccessful rebellion against James, and the Earl and his son were hanged. Their estates were forfeited, and the
2351:, this was the first time that Ireland was included in the royal arms). The supporters became: dexter a lion rampant guardant Or imperially crowned and sinister the Scottish unicorn. The unicorn replaced the
1868:, though many remained displeased. The conference also commissioned a new translation and compilation of approved books of the Bible to resolve discrepancies among different translations then being used. The
3980:
his affairs in summer 1624, afforded relief by the warm weather. She sees his continuing refusal to sanction war against Spain as a deliberate stand against the aggressive policies of Charles and Buckingham.
2063:
as being the "dark red colour of Alicante wine". The theory is dismissed by some experts, particularly in James's case, because he had kidney stones which can lead to blood in the urine, colouring it red.
1619:
of Scotland and England to establish a single country under one monarch, one parliament, and one law, a plan that met opposition in both realms. "Hath He not made us all in one island," James told the
6983:, pp. 3â4: "Often witty and perceptive but also prejudiced and abusive, their status as eye-witness accounts and their compulsive readability led too many historians to take them at face value";
624:
that devastated much of Central Europe. He tried but failed to prevent the rise of hawkish elements in the English Parliament who wanted war with Spain. He was succeeded by his second son, Charles I.
2154:, in 1610. During the next 150 years, England would fight with Spain, the Netherlands, and France for control of the continent, while religious division in Ireland between Protestants and Catholics
4483:, p. 63: "So ended this nobleman, one of the chief instruments of the reformation; a defender of the same, and of the King in his minority, for the which he is now unthankfully dealt with."
8246:
3675:
3965:
him dangerous, motivated by a deep political hostility to the Howards. It cannot have been difficult to secure James's compliance, because he disliked Overbury and his influence over Carr.
3829:
James briefly broke off diplomatic relations with England over Mary's execution, but he wrote privately that Scotland "could never have been without factions if she had beene left alive".
481:, King of England and Lord of Ireland, and thus a potential successor to all three thrones. He acceded to the Scottish throne at the age of thirteen months, after his mother was forced to
1512:
was deferred to 15 March 1604. Dekker wrote that "the streets seemed to be paved with men; stalls instead of rich wares were set out with children; open casements filled up with women".
973:, whom the king had personally appointed royal chaplain in 1579, rebuked him so sharply from the pulpit for having issued a proclamation so offensive to the clergy "that the king wept".
953:
who noticed the physical displays of affection between him and the king and alleged that Lennox "went about to draw the King to carnal lust". In August 1582, in what became known as the
3883:
English and Scot, James insisted, should "join and coalesce together in a sincere and perfect union, as two twins bred in one belly, to love one another as no more two but one estate".
3947:
The commissioners judging the case reached a 5â5 verdict, so James quickly appointed two extra judges guaranteed to vote in favour, an intervention which aroused public censure. When
3914:
Assessments of the Kirk at James's death are divided. Some historians argue that the Scots might have accepted James's policies eventually, others that James left the Kirk in crisis.
1390:, applying Renaissance principles. He also made statutory provision to reform and promote the teaching of music, seeing the two in connection. One act of his reign urges the Scottish
6562:
1887:
through a General Assembly the following year, but the rulings were widely resisted. James left the church in Scotland divided at his death, a source of future problems for his son.
9048:
6782:, p. 174: "During the last eighteen months of his life James fought a very effective rearguard action to preserve his control of foreign policy ... he never became a cypher."
708:
saw the queen, who had not fully recovered and could only speak faintly. The baby was "sucking at his nurse" and was "well proportioned and like to prove a goodly prince". He was
521:, until his death in 1625. After the Union of the Crowns, he based himself in England (the largest of the three realms) from 1603, returning to Scotland only once, in 1617, and
3938:
Northampton assumed the day-to-day running of government business, and spoke of "the death of the little man for which so many rejoice and few do as much as seem to be sorry."
7424:
Fischlin, Daniel; Fortier, Mark (2002), "'Enregistrate Speech': Stratagems of Monarchic Writing in the Work of James VI and I", in Fischlin, Daniel; Fortier, Mark (eds.),
1073:
in Copenhagen in August 1589, Anne sailed for Scotland but was forced by storms to the coast of Norway. On hearing that the crossing had been abandoned, James sailed from
908:
Morton was elected to Mar's office and proved in many ways the most effective of James's regents, but he made enemies by his rapacity. He fell from favour when Frenchman
1702:, who were astute at raising and saving money for the crown, and sold baronetcies and other dignities, many created for the purpose, as an alternative source of income.
677:
noblemen. During Mary's and Darnley's difficult marriage, Darnley secretly allied himself with the rebels and conspired in the murder of the queen's private secretary,
13905:
4113:, p. 27: "A very wise man was wont to say that he believed him the wisest fool in Christendom, meaning him wise in small things, but a fool in weighty affairs."
1420:
By the late 1590s, James's championing of native Scottish tradition was reduced to some extent by the increasing likelihood of his succession to the English throne.
770:, who was widely suspected of murdering Darnley, heightened widespread bad feeling towards her. In June 1567, Protestant rebels arrested Mary and imprisoned her in
13860:
8208:
977:
8472:
1251:
language, spoken fluently by James IV and probably by James V, became known in the time of James VI as "Erse" or Irish, implying that it was foreign in nature.
1883:. James returned to Scotland in 1617 for the only time after his accession in England, in the hope of implementing Anglican ritual. James's bishops forced his
10208:
1217:, but he and his immediate successors lacked the will or ability to provide an alternative form of governance. As a result, the 16th century became known as
9041:
7898:
5594:
1515:
The kingdom to which James succeeded, however, had its problems. Monopolies and taxation had engendered a widespread sense of grievance, and the costs of
1639:
was signed between the two countries in August 1604, thanks to the skilled diplomacy of the delegation, in particular Robert Cecil and Henry Howard, now
541:
13855:
11310:
1937:
Throughout his life James had close relationships with male courtiers, which has caused debate among historians about their exact nature. In Scotland
1247:
describe the peoples of the Highlands as "void of the knawledge and feir of God" who were prone to "all kynd of barbarous and bestile cruelteis". The
1191:
in 1597, a tract inspired by his personal involvement that opposed the practice of witchcraft and that provided background material for Shakespeare's
13530:
10763:
2104:. The position of the tomb was lost for many years until his lead coffin was found in the Henry VII vault, during an excavation in the 19th century.
1274:" in 1598. James wrote that the colonists were to act "not by agreement" with the local inhabitants, but "by extirpation of thame". Their landing at
2012:, daughter of the Earl of Suffolk. James assisted Frances by securing an annulment of her marriage to free her to marry Carr, now Earl of Somerset.
13830:
11595:
2335:
The arms used in England were: Quarterly, I and IV, quarterly 1st and 4th Azure three fleurs de lys Or (for France), 2nd and 3rd Gules three lions
10449:
5259:
See for example Rhodes, Neil (2004), "Wrapped in the Strong Arm of the Union: Shakespeare and King James", in Maley, Willy; Murphy, Andrew (eds),
2254:
In Scotland, James was "James the sixth, King of Scotland", until 1604. He was proclaimed "James the first, King of England, France, and Ireland,
1837:, a prominent sympathiser of the old religion, that he would not persecute "any that will be quiet and give but an outward obedience to the law".
9034:
5952:, p. 126: "On that divergence of interpretation, relations between the future king and the Parliaments of the years 1625â9 were to founder".
4133:, p. 238: "In contrast to earlier historians, recent research on his reign has tended to emphasize the wisdom and downplay the foolishness".
1417:
among others, Montgomerie being a favourite of the king. James was himself a poet, and was happy to be seen as a practising member of the group.
1128:
Anne suffered from recurrent bouts of sickness and was seriously ill from 1617. James visited Anne only three times during her last illness. She
11684:
1777:
profits gained under Elizabeth by naval attacks on Spanish gold shipmentsâcalled for a war directly against Spain. In November 1621, roused by
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1785:
or they would risk punishment, which provoked them into issuing a statement protesting their rights, including freedom of speech. Urged on by
10164:
1675:
885:, forcing her to flee to England, where she was subsequently kept in confinement by Elizabeth. On 23 January 1570, Moray was assassinated by
1557:
James survived two conspiracies in the first year of his reign, despite the smoothness of the succession and the warmth of his welcome: the
916:, arrived in Scotland and quickly established himself as the first of James's powerful favourites. James was proclaimed an adult ruler in a
881:
In 1568, Mary escaped from Lochleven Castle, leading to several years of sporadic violence. The Earl of Moray defeated Mary's troops at the
11191:
4636:, p. 61: "The two principal characters were dead, the evidence of eyewitnesses was destroyed and only King James's version remained";
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1533:
752:, featured men dressed as satyrs and sporting tails, to which the English guests took offence, thinking the satyrs "done against them".
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on 10 February 1567 at Kirk o' Field, Edinburgh, perhaps in revenge for the killing of Rizzio. James inherited his father's titles of
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7218:
wrote that it was 'verily thought that the disease was no other than the ordinary ague that had reigned and raged all over England'."
5194:
1716:
Another potential source of income was the prospect of a Spanish dowry from a marriage between Charles, Prince of Wales, and Infanta
1357:
but must also pay heed to tradition and to God, who would "stirre up such scourges as pleaseth him, for punishment of wicked kings".
71:
5250:, Aberdeen University Press, vol. 1, pp. 141â152. Spiller points out that the trend, although unambiguous, was generally more mixed.
1828:
denying the pope's authority over the king. James was conciliatory towards Catholics who took the Oath of Allegiance, and tolerated
834:. In accordance with the religious beliefs of most of the Scottish ruling class, James was brought up as a member of the Protestant
517:
monarch of England and Ireland, who died childless. He continued to reign in all three kingdoms for 22 years, a period known as the
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In recent decades, much scholarship has emphasised James's success in Scotland (though there have been partial dissenters, such as
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1872:, as it came to be known, was completed in 1611 and is considered a masterpiece of Jacobean prose. It is still in widespread use.
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A medicine recommended by Buckingham had only served to make the king worse, which led to rumours that the duke had poisoned him.
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7640:
Milling, Jane (2004), "The Development of a Professional Theatre", in Milling, Jane; Thomson, Peter; Donohue, Joseph W. (eds.),
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The Union of the Crowns of England and Scotland under James was symbolised heraldically by combining their arms, supporters and
1631:
James achieved more success in foreign policy. Never having been at war with Spain, he devoted his efforts to bringing the long
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In early 1625, James was plagued by severe attacks of arthritis, gout, and fainting fits, and fell seriously ill in March with
1997:
1968:, Northamptonshire, undertaken in 2004â08 revealed a previously unknown passage linking the bedchambers of James and Villiers.
1025:
crisis of 1588, he assured Elizabeth of his support as "your natural son and compatriot of your country". Elizabeth sent James
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In the early years of James's reign, the day-to-day running of the government was tightly managed by the shrewd Cecil, later
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After the Gunpowder Plot, James sanctioned harsh measures to control English Catholics. In May 1606, Parliament passed the
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James's queen, Anne of Denmark, gave birth to seven children who survived beyond birth, of whom three reached adulthood:
2347:); II Or a lion rampant within a tressure flory-counter-flory Gules (for Scotland); III Azure a harp Or stringed Argent (
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died in Peace, when he had lived about sixty years ... and so you know did King James". The sermon was later printed as
1992:
The Howard party (consisting of Henry Howard, Earl of Northampton; Thomas Howard, Earl of Suffolk; Suffolk's son-in-law
1386:
in 1584 at the age of 18. It was both a poetic manual and a description of the poetic tradition in his mother tongue of
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493:, which ended officially in 1578, though he did not gain full control of his government until 1583. In 1589, he married
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1573:, among others. Those hoping for a change in government from James were disappointed at first when he kept Elizabeth's
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After James escaped from Falkland on 27 June 1583, he assumed increasing control of his kingdom. He pushed through the
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In Scotland, James attempted to bring the Scottish Kirk "so neir as can be" to the English church and to reestablish
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in 1493 had led to troubled times for the western seaboard. James IV had subdued the organised military might of the
902:
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340:
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10420:
3955:, one of the added commissioners) was knighted after the annulment, he was given the nickname "Sir Nullity Bilson".
993:
One last Scottish attempt against the king's person occurred in August 1600, when James was apparently assaulted by
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but possibly coined by Anthony Weldon, catches James's paradoxical qualities very neatly"; Anthony Weldon (1651),
1368:: "Hold no Parliaments," he tells Henry, "but for the necesitie of new Lawes, which would be but seldome". In the
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2173:, his financial irresponsibility, and his cultivation of unpopular favourites established the foundations of the
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James (right) depicted aged 17 beside his mother, 1583. In reality, they were separated when he was still a baby.
767:
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1661:, was discovered in the cellars of the parliament buildings on the night of 4â5 November 1605, the eve of the
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3865:, to free and marry Mary, Queen of Scots, leading to his execution in 1572. For details on the Howards, see
2371:) and sinister the crowned lion of England supporting a similar lance flying a banner Argent a cross Gules (
2189:. Over the last three hundred years, the king's reputation has suffered from the acid description of him by
1255:
decided that Gaelic had become a principal cause of the Highlanders' shortcomings and sought to abolish it.
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because they sit upon God His throne in earth and have the count of their administration to give unto Him."
3858:
2079:, with Buckingham at his bedside. James's funeral on 7 May was a magnificent but disorderly affair. Bishop
1862:
1632:
1516:
982:
779:
599:
189:
3892:
A crypto-Catholic was someone who outwardly conformed to Protestantism but remained a Catholic in private.
969:, imprisoned him, and forced Lennox to leave Scotland. On 19 September 1582, during James's imprisonment,
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4002:), and there is an emerging appreciation of James's successes in the early part of his reign in England.
2520:
1740:
1477:
From 1601, in the last years of Elizabeth's life, certain English politiciansânotably her chief minister
1026:
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in 1625. Although he long tried to get both countries to adopt a closer political union, the kingdoms of
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1802:
the king to declare war and engineered the impeachment of Lord Treasurer Lionel Cranfield, by now made
1380:
In the 1580s and 1590s, James promoted the literature of his native country. He published his treatise
1163:
705:
654:
393:
335:
12439:
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with the thistle ensigned with the royal crown, a harp (for Ireland) and a fleur de lys (for France).
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2332:, and to which kingdom should take precedence, was solved by having different arms for each country.
1915:
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contributing to a flourishing literary culture. James was a prolific writer, authoring works such as
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11610:
11474:
11469:
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10835:
10788:
10231:
10049:
10016:
9514:
9503:
9209:
9065:
9057:
8890:
8880:
8689:
7463:
4125:, p. 6: "Historians have returned to reconsidering James as a serious and intelligent ruler";
1858:
1365:
1013:
744:, whom she referred to as "a pocky priest", spit in the child's mouth, as was then the custom. The
721:
591:
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938:
544:. He achieved most of his aims in Scotland but faced great difficulties in England, including the
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9483:
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9463:
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8835:
8810:
8270:
7733:
7570:
Buckingham: The Life and Political Career of George Villiers, First Duke of Buckingham, 1592â1628
6997:
6855:, p. 447: "All was performed with great magnificence, but ... very confused and disorderly."
6077:
4690:
Goodare, Julian (2000). "James VI's English Subsidy". In Goodare, Julian; Lynch, Michael (eds.).
4085:
2393:
2348:
1636:
1456:
1066:
815:
522:
13041:
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8634:
6040:, pp. 201, 209: "In things indifferent, they are seditious which obey not the magistrates".
5246:
Spiller, Michael (1988), "Poetry after the Union 1603â1660", in Craig, Cairns (general editor),
4825:
3905:
wrote to James warning him that sermons against bishops were being preached daily in Edinburgh.
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811:
786:. This made James the third consecutive Scottish monarch to ascend to the throne as an infant.
755:
725:
553:
144:
12501:
9605:
7095:
4632:, p. 154: "It is begun to be noted that the reports coming from the King should differ";
2060:
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12743:
12554:
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8944:
8924:
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Calendar of letters and papers relating to the affairs of the borders of England and Scotland
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a chain affixed thereto passing between the forelegs and reflexed over the back also Or. The
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1852:, wedding rings, and the term "priest", among other things, and that the wearing of cap and
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Elizabethan Espionage: Plotters and Spies in the Struggle Between Catholicism and the Crown
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In furtherance of these aims, James was both patron and head of a loose circle of Scottish
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historians on the tradition of tracing Charles I's errors back to his father's reign, see
6032:, p. 205: "In seeking conformity, James gave a name and a purpose to nonconformity";
1981:
8:
13487:
13367:
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10441:
10313:
10128:
9846:
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9610:
9552:
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9285:
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9026:
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8934:
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armed, crined and unguled Proper, gorged with a coronet Or composed of crosses patée and
2147:
1717:
1640:
1446:
1434:
1382:
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1223:, the time of raids. Furthermore, the effects of the Reformation were slow to affect the
1171:
966:
847:
810:, "to be conserved, nursed, and upbrought" in the security of Stirling Castle. James was
745:
709:
557:
529:". He was an advocate of a single parliament for England and Scotland. In his reign, the
455:
447:
231:
66:
12531:
8083:
5124:, pp. 134â135: "James wrote well, scattering engaging asides throughout the text";
13499:
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12449:
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8146:
7535:
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7171:
6223:
4865:
4826:"Witchcraft against Royal Danish Ships in 1589 and the Transnational Transfer of Ideas"
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4102:
2429:
1869:
1841:
1620:
1081:
called "the one romantic episode of his life". The couple were married formally at the
882:
835:
697:
549:
459:
247:
12931:
7056:
Reviews and History: Covering books and digital resources across all fields of history
6791:
6563:"Filled with 'a number of male lovelies': the surprising court of King James VI and I"
5183:
2420:
2024:
1231:, driving a religious wedge between this area and centres of political control in the
712:"Charles James" or "James Charles" on 17 December 1566 in a Catholic ceremony held at
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The History of England from the Accession of James 1st to the Restoration (1603â1660)
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6486:(1994). "Homosexuality and the Signs of Male Friendship in Elizabethan England". In
2029:
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in office, as secretly planned with Cecil, but James soon added long-time supporter
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7210:, p. 248: "Latter day experts have suggested enteric fever, typhoid fever, or
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Fincham, Kenneth; Lake, Peter (1985). "The ecclesiastical policy of King James I"
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1021:. Securing the English succession became a cornerstone of his policy. During the
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463:
439:
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383:
273:
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62:
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Schwarz, Marc L. (1974). "James I and the Historians: Toward a Reconsideration"
4101:, p. 238: "The label 'the wisest fool in Christendom', often attributed to
3791:
As the Earl of Bedford was a Protestant, his place in the ceremony was taken by
1971:
Some biographers of James argue that the relationships were not sexual. James's
827:
13605:
13586:
13514:
13422:
13412:
13141:
13016:
13001:
12976:
12971:
12966:
12911:
12886:
12841:
12821:
12683:
12654:
12629:
12584:
12564:
12526:
12361:
12351:
12208:
12039:
11852:
11559:
11365:
11360:
11325:
11285:
11158:
11093:
11088:
11022:
11002:
10946:
10251:
10241:
10236:
10072:
9738:
9536:
9321:
8509:
8418:
8237:
8025:
7950:
7907:
7826:
7378:
5603:
3498:
3376:
2852:
2717:
2325:
2190:
2159:
2132:
1691:
1652:
1616:
1609:
1605:
1570:
1406:
1292:
1070:
1022:
913:
759:
662:
609:
545:
514:
467:
7358:
7051:
6062:
Spinks, Bryan D. (2006). "Anglicans and Dissenters". In Wainwright, Geoffrey;
5586:
3838:
James heard on 7 October of the decision to postpone the crossing for winter.
2224:'s 1956 biography continued much of this hostility. In the words of historian
1315:
13739:
13702:
13666:
13555:
13447:
13277:
13187:
13136:
13106:
13096:
13026:
13021:
13011:
12871:
12861:
12851:
12826:
12693:
12671:
12589:
12496:
12469:
12454:
12396:
12079:
11412:
10956:
10951:
10284:
10274:
8519:
8130:
8066:
Lee, Maurice (1984). "James I and the Historians: Not a Bad King After All?"
7893:
7565:
7354:
6627:
6515:
6387:
4861:
4842:
3952:
3587:
2482:
2302:
2275:
2232:
2225:
2162:
of his realms, James helped lay the foundations for a unitary British state.
1956:
1880:
1752:
1721:
1711:
1662:
1624:
1574:
1538:
1470:
1271:
1258:
1179:
1110:
1054:
934:
819:
749:
689:
617:
569:
350:
47:
8437:
6932:
6210:
4463:
1793:, James ripped the protest out of the record book and dissolved Parliament.
1727:
13641:
13636:
13427:
13111:
13101:
13091:
12956:
12951:
12891:
12866:
12836:
12831:
12738:
12733:
12579:
12459:
12193:
12129:
11999:
11989:
11984:
11903:
11893:
11837:
11727:
11579:
11540:
11387:
11148:
11073:
9763:
9520:
8902:
8579:
7971:
7712:
7130:
4448:. Vol. II: 1567â1589. Oxford University Press, USA. pp. 242â244.
3701:
2352:
2118:
2068:
2048:
1849:
1528:
1402:
1387:
1232:
1187:
1146:
954:
851:
778:
in favour of the infant James and to appoint her illegitimate half-brother
763:
678:
574:
518:
9115:
8679:
2231:
Representative of the new historical perspective is the 2003 biography by
2008:
for assistance with government papers. Carr had an adulterous affair with
1519:
had become a heavy burden on the government, which had debts of ÂŁ400,000.
1467:
985:, who led the government until 1592. An eight-man commission known as the
13126:
13121:
13056:
13051:
12901:
12773:
12728:
12718:
12511:
12506:
12444:
12381:
12164:
12139:
12064:
12024:
11994:
11969:
11949:
11928:
11908:
11888:
11878:
11847:
11712:
11571:
11440:
11355:
11200:
10931:
10008:
10000:
9768:
9753:
9338:
8659:
8599:
8564:
8344:
7549:
The Trials of Frances Howard: Fact and Fiction at the Court of King James
7484:
6359:
5206:
5179:
3032:
2196:
Other influential anti-James histories written during the 1650s include:
2001:
1778:
1744:
1501:
1102:
669:. Mary's rule over Scotland was insecure, and she and her husband, being
613:
490:
103:
8639:
1951:
Some of James's biographers conclude that Esmé Stewart, Duke of Lennox;
1140:
13600:
13509:
13317:
13217:
13066:
12986:
12758:
12649:
12491:
12434:
12411:
12376:
12325:
12315:
12283:
12228:
12054:
12034:
11959:
11923:
11827:
11812:
11737:
11662:
11575:
11315:
11153:
9984:
9743:
9733:
9723:
9310:
9172:
8709:
8664:
8609:
8594:
8589:
8534:
8074:
6391:
6195:, vol. 2, Edinburgh: Creative Media Partners, pp. 30â31, 44,
5085:
4852:
4049:
2867:
2401:
2193:, whom James had sacked and who wrote treatises on James in the 1650s.
2056:
1876:
1658:
1509:
1504:
to London with elaborate allegories provided by dramatic poets such as
1463:
1460:
1430:
1383:
Some Rules and Cautions to be Observed and Eschewed in Scottish Prosody
1159:
1155:
1098:
950:
946:
929:
674:
666:
565:
561:
466:, with their own parliaments, judiciaries, and laws, ruled by James in
8163:—— (2012). "James VI and I: Time for a Reconsideration?".
8110:
7338:
The Blessed Revolution: English Politics and the Coming of War 1621â24
13207:
13146:
12703:
12346:
12273:
12258:
12179:
12099:
12094:
12019:
11974:
11954:
11933:
11918:
11898:
11883:
11747:
11707:
11350:
11300:
9976:
9758:
9728:
9315:
9290:
8704:
8699:
8629:
8619:
8584:
8544:
8524:
7834:
7211:
6924:
6483:
6462:
3043:
2464:
2396:
James used: the Tudor rose, the thistle (for Scotland; first used by
2294:
2076:
2052:
2040:
1773:
1562:
1425:
1275:
1077:
with a 300-strong retinue to fetch Anne personally in what historian
986:
867:
831:
27:
King of Scotland (1566â1625), King of England and Ireland (1603â1625)
9796:
9416:
8790:
8117:
A History of the Modern British Isles â 1603â1707 â The Double Crown
7736:(2003), "Politics in Early Stuart Britain", in Coward, Barry (ed.),
7518:
English and Catholic: The Lords Baltimore in the Seventeenth Century
7468:
Last of the Free: A History of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland
1005:, the seat of the Ruthvens. Ruthven was run through by James's page
794:
13482:
13061:
12798:
12391:
12356:
12330:
12310:
12263:
12074:
12029:
11913:
11817:
11807:
11772:
11742:
11549:
11241:
10186:
9992:
9748:
9689:
9295:
9120:
8684:
8649:
8644:
8604:
8559:
8539:
8529:
8504:
8259:
8255:
8176:
6178:
2290:
1853:
1798:
1558:
1304:
1214:
1094:
872:
482:
10041:
4745:. Scottish History Society Miscellany XVI. Woodbridge. p. 35.
2218:
Historical Memoirs of the Reigns of Queen Elizabeth and King James
2210:
History of Great Britain, Being the Life and Reign of King James I
2181:, combined with a disdain for Parliament, which culminated in the
1185:
James became concerned with the threat posed by witches and wrote
13519:
13432:
12320:
12288:
12278:
12049:
12009:
11842:
11767:
11752:
11732:
11648:
11430:
10895:
9898:
9666:
9572:
8954:
8714:
8574:
8549:
8499:
2279:
2084:
1845:
1765:
1239:
1193:
1029:
from 1586 which gave her some leverage over affairs in Scotland.
766:. Mary was already unpopular, and her marriage on 15 May 1567 to
378:
7137:, Heraldry Today, Slough, Buckinghamshire: Hollen Street Press,
2059:
exhibited some symptoms. James described his urine to physician
41:
12268:
12069:
11857:
11832:
11822:
11792:
11777:
10845:
9458:
9406:
9130:
9125:
8830:
8780:
6073:
4743:
James VI's English Subsidy and Danish Dowry Accounts, 1588â1596
4081:
2310:
2298:
2202:
Divine Catastrophe of the Kingly Family of the House of Stuarts
1976:
1772:
in 1620, and Spanish troops simultaneously invaded Frederick's
1550:
1345:), in which he argues a theological basis for monarchy. In the
1300:
783:
486:
11169:
7542:, Edinburgh: T. & A. Constable, Edinburgh University Press
7487:(1988), "Poetry under King James VI", in Craig, Cairns (ed.),
7214:, but at the time poison was the most popular explanation ...
7052:"The Changing Reputations of Elizabeth I and James VI & I"
6796:
Purple Secret: Genes, "Madness" and the Royal Houses of Europe
6254:
Royal Family, Royal Lovers: King James of England and Scotland
12298:
11787:
11722:
10876:
9378:
8754:
8694:
6419:
The Cabaret poetry of Théophile de Viau: Texts and Traditions
6332:
Great Britain's Solomon: James VI and I in his Three Kingdoms
2282:
1391:
1266:
It was against this background that James VI authorised the "
1074:
7189:
6729:
5710:
4074:
The Book of Common Prayer: The Texts of 1549, 1559, and 1662
3926:
Et ce savant roy d'Angleterre / foutoit-il pas le Boukinquan
2375:). The Scottish crest and motto was retained, following the
2260:
in line with other monarchs of England between 1340 and 1801
1955:; and George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, were his lovers.
1174:. Several people were convicted of using witchcraft to send
1162:, which he considered a branch of theology. He attended the
540:
At 57 years and 246 days, James's reign in Scotland was the
12293:
11717:
11305:
9162:
7676:
Rhodes, Neil; Richards, Jennifer; Marshall, Joseph (2003),
7112:
6605:
6109:
5790:
5778:
5750:
5584:
Nicholls, Mark (2004). "Rookwood, Ambrose (c. 1578â1606)".
5501:
2044:
1455:
The Union of the Crowns was symbolised in James's personal
9056:
4939:
4891:
4881:
4879:
4722:
4378:
4217:
2355:
introduced by the Tudors. The unicorn has remained in the
11862:
11757:
8090:
Northampton: Patronage and Policy at the Court of James I
7031:
6935:, leaving the Duke as the object of widespread ridicule."
5903:
5084:, p. 131: "Kings are called gods by the prophetical
5064:
5062:
4963:
2177:. James bequeathed his son Charles a fatal belief in the
2093:
912:, first cousin of James's father Lord Darnley and future
426:(James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 â 27 March 1625) was
7693:
7426:
Royal Subjects: Essays on the Writings of James VI and I
7286:, Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California,
6099:
6097:
5091:
5013:
4764:
2481:(19 February 1594 â 6 November 1612). Died, probably of
2075:
in Hertfordshire on 27 March during a violent attack of
1041:
1589 marriage contract between James and Anne of Denmark
7302:
Anna of Denmark, Queen of England: A Cultural Biography
6753:
6741:
6677:
6665:
6637:
6581:
6007:
5967:
5955:
5855:
5830:
5818:
5698:
5650:
5553:
5529:
5489:
5477:
5450:
5266:
5160:
5031:
4876:
4783:
4781:
4779:
4334:
4205:
2541:
James's relationship to the houses of Stuart and Tudor
2313:
affrontée Gules, imperially crowned Or, holding in the
1585:
to the Privy Council, as well as five Scottish nobles.
1433:
in the Scottish tradition, which included his ancestor
612:
claimed that James had been termed "the wisest fool in
7675:
6443:
5467:
5465:
5424:
5422:
5420:
5418:
5416:
5401:
5389:
5361:
5321:
5311:
5309:
5103:
5059:
4805:
4698:
4411:
4409:
4322:
4229:
4045:
2169:
historians of the mid-17th-century, James's taste for
7818:
Sir James Melvill of Halhill; Memoirs of his own life
7280:
Akrigg, G. P. V. (George Philip Vernon), ed. (1984),
7007:
6950:
6938:
6902:
6153:
6121:
6094:
6043:
5979:
5722:
5541:
5019:
4975:
4951:
4710:
4514:
4486:
4310:
4241:
4193:
4015:
3676:
The Essayes of a Prentise in the Divine Art of Poesie
2442:
Coat of arms used from 1603 to 1625 outside Scotland
2039:
In his later years, James suffered increasingly from
1861:
of 1604, some Puritan demands were acceded to in the
1224:
1218:
8156:
King James VI and I and the History of Homosexuality
7320:
Early Modern England, 1485â1714: A Narrative History
7019:
6962:
6689:
5625:
5565:
5135:
4776:
2517:(18 January 1602 â 27 May 1602). Died aged 4 months.
2244:
1500:. An outbreak of plague restricted festivities. The
1089:
and a gift of 10,000 dalers from his mother-in-law,
889:. The next regent was James's paternal grandfather,
7662:, Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press,
7447:
My Heart is My Own: The Life of Mary Queen of Scots
6522:. Vol. III: Civil War. Macmillan. p. 45.
6290:
The Parliament of 1624: Politics and Foreign Policy
6277:. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. p. 348.
5747:. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin Books. pp. 88â89.
5462:
5413:
5349:
5306:
5278:
5228:
5216:
4793:
4740:
4671:
4643:
4571:
4406:
4366:
4298:
2507:(19 November 1600 â 30 January 1649). Married 1625
7773:
6422:, TĂŒbingen: Gunter Narr Verlag, pp. 103â104,
5585:
3687:His Majesties Poeticall Exercises at Vacant Houres
2491:(19 August 1596 â 13 February 1662). Married 1613
1964:, "tumble and kiss as a mistress". Restoration of
1154:James's visit to Denmark, a country familiar with
8480:
7660:Literature and Favoritism in Early Modern England
7540:Collected Essays and Reviews of Thomas Graves Law
7167:
7165:
6469:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 167â170.
4443:
3847:James described Cecil as "king there in effect".
3710:Extra-titular Works from the Collected Demonology
2126:depicted James being carried to heaven by angels.
2083:of Lincoln preached the sermon, observing, "King
1319:James argued a theological basis for monarchy in
1085:on 23 November. James received a dowry of 75,000
1065:, younger daughter of the Protestant Danish king
774:; she never saw her son again. She was forced to
497:. Three of their children survived to adulthood:
13906:Founders of colleges of the University of Oxford
13737:
7363:, Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan,
6364:Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy
4275:Letter of Mary to Mar, 29 March 1567, quoted by
2505:Charles I, King of England, Scotland and Ireland
2445:Coat of arms used from 1603 to 1625 in Scotland
2235:. Reviewer John Cramsie summarises her findings:
2142:by English and Scots Protestants began, and the
1879:, a policy that met with strong opposition from
7423:
4444:Wiggins, Martin; Richardson, Catherine (2012).
4068:
4033:
2523:(8 April 1605 â 16 December 1607). Died aged 2.
2165:According to a tradition originating with anti-
1394:to reform and support the teaching of music in
657:. Mary and Darnley were great-grandchildren of
13585:
7162:
7155:
7153:
7151:
6778:, p. 101: "James never became a cypher";
5213:, Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, pp. 1â2.
4741:Kerr-Peterson, Miles; Pearce, Michael (2020).
1760:, especially after his Protestant son-in-law,
1364:court", foreshadows his difficulties with the
1144:Suspected witches kneeling before King James;
13571:
11678:
11185:
10861:
10202:
10057:
9812:
9042:
8466:
8442:
8133:(1983). "James VI and I: Two Kings or One?".
7520:, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press,
6262:, Routledge Dearborn Publishers, p. 312.
2501:(24 December 1598 â March 1600). Died aged 1.
1824:, which could require any subject to take an
1676:James I of England and the English Parliament
12184:
10711:Charles James, Duke of Cornwall and Rothesay
8028:(2009). "The debts of James VI of Scotland"
7902:(online ed.), Oxford University Press,
7304:, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania,
5598:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
3924:
2270:As King of Scotland, James bore the ancient
2262:, although he did not actually rule France.
1931:, are both said to have been James's lovers.
1686:liberty with more modesty in time to come".
13861:People of the Anglo-Spanish War (1585â1604)
12120:
10720:Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange
9609:Monarchs of England and Scotland after the
8042:pp. 96â136, Harvard University Press.
7933:Jacobean Pageant: The Court of King James I
7896:(May 2011) , "James VI and I (1566â1625)",
7756:The Cradle King: A Life of James VI & I
7148:
7124:
7093:
7068:
6923:, p. 348: "A 1627 mission to save the
6819:., Liverpool University Press, pp. 128â129.
6275:King James and Letters of Homoerotic Desire
6260:Reader's Guide To Gay & Lesbian Studies
6242:King James and the History of Homosexuality
6170:
6168:
4552:, Volume 50 (Smith, Elder, & Co., 1897)
4548:"Ruthven, William", by T. F. Henderson, in
3772:A Premonition to All Most Mightie Monarches
2529:(June 1606). Died within 48 hours of birth.
1945:Rex fuit Elizabeth, nunc est regina Iacobus
1943:
1791:Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, Count of Gondomar
949:convert, but he was distrusted by Scottish
13578:
13564:
11685:
11671:
11192:
11178:
10868:
10854:
10209:
10195:
10064:
10050:
9819:
9805:
9786:Debated or disputed rulers are in italics.
9049:
9035:
8473:
8459:
8230:
8040:Authority and Conflict â England 1603â1658
7317:
7178:Revised edition, London: Frederick Warne,
6174:
4760:. Edinburgh: John Donald. pp. 99â100.
2328:. Contention as to how the arms should be
2146:started its course with the foundation of
1948:(Elizabeth was King, now James is Queen).
681:, just three months before James's birth.
556:and drama continued, with writers such as
40:
13856:People associated with the Gunpowder Plot
7644:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
7603:
7400:
7097:Proclamation by the King, 20 October 1604
6896:Historical Memorials of Westminster Abbey
6494:. Duke University Press. pp. 42â44.
5263:, Manchester University Press, pp. 38â39.
5195:Association for Scottish Literary Studies
5037:
4851:
4841:
4824:Willumsen, Liv Helene (1 December 2020).
4823:
4755:
4211:
4064:
4062:
2293:flory counter-flory Gules. The arms were
1890:
1522:
594:into English (later named after him, the
11692:
10512:Annabella, Countess of Geneva and Huntly
7851:
7825:
7793:
7642:The Cambridge History of British Theatre
7626:, Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland,
7495:
7491:, vol. 1, Aberdeen University Press
7335:
7263:
6898:, London: John Murray, pp. 499â526.
6415:
6334:, Urbana: University of Illinois Press,
6272:
6165:
5889:
5583:
4993:
4969:
4885:
4830:International Review of Scottish Studies
4633:
3762:, 1604, a strong denunciation of tobacco
2455:
2158:. By actively pursuing more than just a
2122:On the ceiling of the Banqueting House,
2117:
2023:
1897:Personal relationships of James VI and I
1726:
1532:
1450:
1314:
1257:
1200:
1139:
1044:
1036:
928:
793:
704:. Five days later, the English diplomat
636:
448:union of the Scottish and English crowns
13831:English pretenders to the French throne
13719:Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland
13268:Reflections on the Revolution in France
10347:, first monarch of the House of Stewart
8284:James VI of Scotland & I of England
8129:
7955:King James VI of Scotland, I of England
7899:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
7892:
7871:
7811:
7753:
7639:
7585:
7564:
7546:
7515:
7299:
7251:
7247:
7231:
7227:
7207:
7195:
7118:
7072:Proclamation by the King, 24 March 1603
7049:
7025:
7013:
7001:
6984:
6920:
6893:
6852:
6832:
6779:
6759:
6747:
6735:
6723:
6683:
6671:
6659:
6655:
6643:
6623:
6611:
6599:
6587:
6514:
6449:
6354:
6292:. Harvard University Press. p. 77.
6147:
6143:
6115:
6069:The Oxford History of Christian Worship
6037:
6029:
6013:
6001:
5973:
5961:
5937:
5921:
5877:
5861:
5849:
5836:
5824:
5812:
5808:
5796:
5784:
5772:
5756:
5716:
5704:
5692:
5676:
5672:
5595:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
5588:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
5559:
5523:
5507:
5495:
5456:
5444:
5395:
5383:
5379:
5367:
5343:
5327:
5300:
5296:
5154:
5125:
5109:
5081:
5068:
5053:
4933:
4917:
4913:
4897:
4811:
4770:
4728:
4716:
4689:
4665:
4661:
4637:
4629:
4609:
4605:
4593:
4565:
4520:
4508:
4504:
4492:
4480:
4431:
4427:
4400:
4396:
4384:
4316:
4292:
4288:
4276:
4263:
4247:
4223:
4199:
4174:
4158:
4126:
4107:The Court and Character of King James I
4021:
2071:and then suffered a stroke. He died at
1440:
1405:court poets and musicians known as the
802:The care of James was entrusted to the
14:
13738:
10815:Charles Edward "Bonnie Prince Charlie"
10343:The generations indicate descent from
8275:The National Archives (United Kingdom)
7949:
7930:
7771:
7711:
7678:King James VI and I: Selected Writings
7621:
7462:
7449:, London and New York: Fourth Estate,
7410:, London: English Universities Press,
7377:
7279:
6794:; Warren, Martin; Hunt, David (1998),
6707:
6630:, speaking at Carr's trial, quoted by
6535:
6386:
6302:
6257:
6228:The Love That Dared Not Speak its Name
6061:
5997:
5897:
5728:
5339:
5184:Scottish Literature: 1603 and all that
5025:
5009:
4997:
4981:
4957:
4945:
4929:
4142:
4110:
4059:
3766:An Apologie for the Oath of Allegiance
3541:
3420:
3416:
3406:
3298:
3188:
3184:
1669:
1596:, whom James made Baron Ellesmere and
1158:, sparked an interest in the study of
289:
13559:
11666:
11173:
10849:
10794:James Francis Edward, Prince of Wales
10650:James VI of Scotland and I of England
10190:
10045:
9826:
9800:
9030:
8454:
8441:
8162:
8153:
7798:, Newton Abbot: David & Charles,
7732:
7696:The Outer Hebrides Handbook and Guide
7657:
7353:
7318:Bucholz, Robert; Key, Newton (2004),
7243:
7037:
6980:
6968:
6956:
6944:
6931:ended in an ignominious siege on the
6908:
6864:
6848:
6828:
6775:
6771:
6719:
6695:
6631:
6287:
6159:
6139:
6127:
6103:
6049:
6025:
5985:
5949:
5933:
5909:
5893:
5873:
5768:
5688:
5668:
5656:
5644:
5631:
5571:
5547:
5535:
5519:
5483:
5471:
5428:
5407:
5355:
5315:
5284:
5141:
5121:
5097:
5049:
4909:
4799:
4787:
4704:
4694:. East Linton: Tuckwell. p. 115.
4677:
4649:
4621:
4589:
4577:
4561:
4415:
4372:
4340:
4328:
4304:
4130:
4122:
4098:
3717:A Letter To The Whole Church Militant
3617:
3607:
3603:
3591:
3585:
3575:
3559:
3549:
3545:
3529:
3523:
3513:
3496:
3486:
3482:
3470:
3464:
3454:
3438:
3428:
3424:
3400:
3390:
3374:
3364:
3360:
3348:
3342:
3332:
3316:
3306:
3302:
3286:
3280:
3270:
3254:
3244:
3240:
3228:
3222:
3212:
3196:
3192:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3103:
3086:
3080:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3058:
3041:
3039:
3030:
3028:
3019:
3017:
3012:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2992:
2954:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2908:
2894:
2865:
2863:
2858:
2851:
2832:
2806:
2780:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2762:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2726:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2689:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2670:
2664:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2646:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2624:
2604:
2584:
2571:
2560:
2549:
2321:paw a sceptre both erect and Proper.
2144:English colonisation of North America
2114:Cultural depictions of James VI and I
1375:
1310:
1242:had toured the Hebrides, forcing the
826:, on 29 July 1567. The sermon at the
814:at the age of thirteen months at the
10216:
7719:, vol. II, New York: Hyperion,
7483:
6482:
6461:
6358:
6230:. London: Heinemann. pp. 43â44.
6222:
6190:
5272:
5234:
5222:
5166:
5132:is the best prose James ever wrote".
4446:British Drama 1533â1642: A Catalogue
4046:Rhodes, Richards & Marshall 2003
3319:Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus
2439:Coat of arms used from 1567 to 1603
2249:
2055:, a disease of which his descendant
1615:James was ambitious to build on the
1424:and other courtier poets started to
692:of the monarch automatically became
535:English colonisation of the Americas
293:
13713:William Parker, 4th Baron Monteagle
13378:The End of History and the Last Man
13288:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
11134:Makar or National Poet for Scotland
10071:
8015:(1907). "Britain under James I" in
7976:The Stuart Age â England, 1603â1714
7957:. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
7606:Gaelic â A Past and Future Prospect
7533:
7441:
6329:
5440:
4532:
4259:
4235:
4190:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), p. 290.
4170:
4154:
3668:
3225:Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox
2357:royal arms of the two united realms
2019:
1929:George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham
1835:Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland
1816:James VI and I and religious issues
1787:George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham
1592:, ably assisted by the experienced
1307:islands were annexed to the Crown.
924:
552:. Under James, the "Golden Age" of
24:
11259:History of Christianity in Britain
10028:
8147:10.1111/j.1468-229X.1983.tb01404.x
7923:
7608:, Edinburgh: The Saltire Society,
7489:The History of Scottish Literature
6560:
6366:. Random House. pp. 249â251.
5892:, pp. 224â225, 243, 281â299;
5248:The History of Scottish Literature
4157:, pp. 236â237, 241â242, 270;
3723:The Argument Of This Whole Epistle
2428:
2419:
2410:
1998:Charles Howard, Earl of Nottingham
1809:
1270:" to civilise the "most barbarous
1168:persecution of witches in Scotland
684:James was born on 19 June 1566 at
641:Portrait of James as a boy, after
25:
13922:
13881:Scottish people of French descent
13688:Gunpowder Plot in popular culture
10686:Robert, Duke of Kintyre and Lorne
8228:National Portrait Gallery, London
8193:
8119:chs. 2, 3.1, and 3.2. Blackwell.
7852:Williams, Ethel Carleton (1970),
7694:Rotary Club of Stornoway (1995),
7499:Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland
7159:Pinches and Pinches, pp. 168â169.
4872:– via www.irss.uoguelph.ca.
4357:History of the Church in Scotland
4052:; a manual on kingship; works of
2467:by Samuel Woodburn (1814), after
2245:Titles, styles, honours, and arms
2010:Frances Howard, Countess of Essex
1848:clergy demanded the abolition of
1646:
1262:Scottish gold coin from 1609â1625
734:Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy
527:King of Great Britain and Ireland
341:Robert, Duke of Kintyre and Lorne
13348:The Open Society and Its Enemies
11647:
11240:
10875:
10666:Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales
8263:
8247:Works by or about James VI and I
8224:Portraits of King James I and VI
7796:Harris and Lewis, Outer Hebrides
7496:Keay, John; Keay, Julia (1994),
7428:, Wayne State University Press,
7283:Letters of King James VI & I
7257:
7237:
7221:
7201:
7087:
7062:
7043:
6990:
6974:
6914:
6887:
6858:
6838:
6822:
6809:
6785:
6765:
6713:
6701:
6649:
6617:
6593:
6554:
6508:
6455:
6409:
6380:
6348:
6322:
6296:
6281:
6266:
6256:, University of Missouri Press;
6234:
6216:
6184:
6133:
6055:
6019:
5991:
5943:
5927:
5915:
5883:
5867:
5842:
5802:
5762:
5734:
5682:
5662:
5637:
5577:
5513:
5434:
4550:Dictionary of National Biography
4359:, Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd,
3992:
3983:
3973:
3958:
3941:
3932:
3917:
3908:
3895:
3886:
3877:
3850:
3729:A Paraphrase Upon The Revelation
3199:John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Lennox
2479:Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales
1914:
1905:
1751:The policy was supported by the
1705:
1483:secret correspondence with James
1205:The forcible dissolution of the
1107:Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales
963:Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus
730:Francis Russell, Earl of Bedford
511:succeeded his cousin Elizabeth I
477:, and a great-great-grandson of
413:
321:Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales
204:(1571–1572)
198:(1570–1571)
192:(1567–1570)
13891:Scottish scholars and academics
12155:Family as a model for the state
11199:
10487:Eleanor, Archduchess of Austria
10416:Elizabeth, Countess of Crawford
10107:Arthur or Robert Stewart (1541)
9086:Monarchs of Scotland until 1603
8211:at the official website of the
8202:at the official website of the
6817:The Turnstone: A Doctor's Story
6392:"Queen James and His Courtiers"
6240:e.g. Young, Michael B. (2000),
6181:. In fact, the issue is murky."
5373:
5333:
5290:
5253:
5240:
5200:
5172:
5147:
5115:
5074:
5043:
5003:
4987:
4923:
4903:
4817:
4749:
4734:
4683:
4655:
4615:
4599:
4583:
4555:
4542:
4498:
4470:
4437:
4421:
4390:
4346:
4282:
4269:
4253:
4180:
3841:
3832:
3823:
3813:
3798:
3785:
3743:The True Law of Free Monarchies
1739:1620. In the background is the
1332:The True Law of Free Monarchies
1322:The True Law of Free Monarchies
1297:Patrick Stewart, Earl of Orkney
959:William Ruthven, Earl of Gowrie
933:James in 1586, age 20 (attrib.
891:Matthew Stewart, Earl of Lennox
887:James Hamilton of Bothwellhaugh
768:James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell
581:The True Law of Free Monarchies
548:in 1605 and conflicts with the
542:longest of any Scottish monarch
285:
210:(1572–1579)
196:Matthew Stewart, Earl of Lennox
13896:Lord high stewards of Scotland
13766:17th-century Scottish monarchs
13761:16th-century Scottish monarchs
13505:Separation of church and state
13403:Collectivism and individualism
13358:The Origins of Totalitarianism
9083:Monarchs of England until 1603
7340:, Cambridge University Press,
6416:Gaudiani, Claire Lynn (1981),
4188:Calendar State Papers Scotland
4164:
4148:
4136:
4116:
4092:
4039:
4027:
3863:Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk
2533:
2389:) was placed above the crest.
1135:
918:ceremony of Entry to Edinburgh
13:
1:
13796:17th-century Scottish writers
13786:16th-century Scottish writers
13771:17th-century English monarchs
13545:Category:Political philosophy
13418:Critique of political economy
10748:Henrietta, Duchess of Orléans
10482:Isabella, Duchess of Brittany
10450:Margaret, Countess of Douglas
10385:Isabella, Countess of Douglas
8482:Pictish and Scottish monarchs
7978:5th edition ch.4. Routledge.
7758:, London: Chatto and Windus,
7738:A Companion to Stuart Britain
7135:The Royal Heraldry of England
6996:For more on the influence of
6303:Graham, Fiona (5 June 2008).
6252:; Bergeron, David M. (1991),
6244:, New York University Press,
5014:Rotary Club of Stornoway 1995
4758:Scotland's Last Royal Wedding
4009:
2511:. Succeeded James I & VI.
2493:Frederick V, Elector Palatine
2461:James I and his royal progeny
1994:William Knollys, Lord Knollys
1953:Robert Carr, Earl of Somerset
1925:Robert Carr, Earl of Somerset
1789:, and the Spanish ambassador
1762:Frederick V, Elector Palatine
1736:
1681:July 1604, James had angrily
1565:, which led to the arrest of
1542:
1268:Gentleman Adventurers of Fife
1091:Sophie of Mecklenburg-GĂŒstrow
1053:1605, portrait attributed to
1050:
910:Esmé Stewart, Sieur d'Aubigny
903:James Douglas, Earl of Morton
596:Authorized King James Version
208:James Douglas, Earl of Morton
84:24 March 1603 â 27 March 1625
51:
13876:Scottish non-fiction writers
13806:Burials at Westminster Abbey
13443:Institutional discrimination
13438:History of political thought
12170:Negative and positive rights
11227:Continuing Anglican movement
10779:Anne, Queen of Great Britain
10477:Margaret, Dauphine of France
8017:The Cambridge Modern History
7915:UK public library membership
7133:; Pinches, Rosemary (1974),
6815:e.g. Dean, Geoffrey (2002),
6064:Westerfield Tucker, Karen B.
5619:UK public library membership
5197:, retrieved 18 October 2011.
3867:The Trials of Frances Howard
3859:Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey
3152:King of Scotland and England
1437:, became largely sidelined.
999:John Ruthven, Earl of Gowrie
983:John Maitland of Thirlestane
789:
780:James Stewart, Earl of Moray
688:, and as the eldest son and
627:
450:on 24 March 1603 until
190:James Stewart, Earl of Moray
138:24 July 1567 â 27 March 1625
7:
13901:16th-century Scottish peers
13866:People of the Stuart period
13781:16th-century Scottish poets
13776:17th-century Irish monarchs
13453:Justification for the state
13238:Two Treatises of Government
11626:Anglicanism of the Americas
11057:18th century â 20th century
10671:Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia
10497:Alexander, Duke of Rothesay
10401:Marjorie, Countess of Moray
10396:Margaret, Lady of the Isles
9693:British monarchs after the
8262:(public domain audiobooks)
8030:The Economic History Review
7622:Martin, Patrick H. (2016),
7604:MacKinnon, Kenneth (1991),
7538:, in Brown, P. Hume (ed.),
7534:Law, Thomas Graves (1904),
7387:, Oxford: Clarendon Press,
7050:Cramsie, John (June 2003),
6273:Bergeron, David M. (1999).
4034:Fischlin & Fortier 2002
3953:Bishop Bilson of Winchester
3174:Ancestors of James VI and I
3165:
2489:Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia
2406:
2102:buried in Westminster Abbey
1741:Banqueting House, Whitehall
1176:storms against James's ship
1032:
740:). Mary refused to let the
736:(represented by ambassador
326:Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia
10:
13927:
13587:The Gunpowder Plot of 1605
12123:Bellum omnium contra omnes
11331:Dissolution of Monasteries
11048:John Stewart of Baldynneis
11033:Robert Sempill the younger
10967:John Stewart of Baldynneis
10764:Charles, Duke of Cambridge
10111:Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley
8165:Journal of British Studies
8154:Young, Michael B. (1999).
8104:Journal of British Studies
8004:Journal of British Studies
7794:Thompson, Francis (1968),
7698:, Machynlleth: Kittiwake,
7336:Cogswell, Thomas (2005) ,
7300:Barroll, J. Leeds (2001),
7272:
6396:Gay History and Literature
3759:A Counterblaste to Tobacco
3535:
3418:
3292:
3283:Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley
3186:
2463:by Charles Turner, from a
2386:In My Defens God Me Defend
2152:Cuper's Cove, Newfoundland
2111:
1894:
1813:
1709:
1673:
1650:
1526:
1494:James's English coronation
1444:
1164:North Berwick witch trials
1012:In 1586, James signed the
655:Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley
653:, and her second husband,
649:James was the only son of
394:Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley
336:Charles I, King of England
310:
13791:16th-century male writers
13680:
13629:
13593:
13540:
13390:
13159:
12807:
12540:
12420:
12339:
12251:
12242:
12108:
11942:
11871:
11700:
11644:
11636:Reformed Episcopal Church
11588:
11488:
11421:
11249:
11238:
11207:
11132:
11056:
10980:
10924:
10883:
10832:
10807:
10756:
10743:Henry, Duke of Gloucester
10704:
10658:
10642:
10618:
10587:
10561:
10538:Alexander, Duke of Albany
10520:
10469:
10429:
10406:David, Earl of Strathearn
10375:Alexander, Earl of Buchan
10352:
10341:
10332:
10314:Stewart of Castle Stewart
10298:
10224:
10174:
10079:
10026:
9834:
9781:
9704:
9688:
9684:
9621:
9604:
9600:
9077:
9073:
9003:
8723:
8488:
8448:
8443:Links to related articles
8416:
8408:
8393:
8384:
8371:
8364:
8349:
8341:
8331:
8322:
8314:
8309:
8282:
8088:Peck, Linda Levy (1982).
7931:Akrigg, G. P. V. (1978).
7879:, London: Jonathan Cape,
7516:Krugler, John D. (2004),
7502:, London: HarperCollins,
7470:, Edinburgh: Mainstream,
6540:. Hambledon. p. 38.
6288:Ruigh, Robert E. (1971).
4756:Stevenson, David (1997).
3605:
3597:
3569:
3547:
3543:
3507:
3484:
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3448:
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2814:
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2800:
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2790:
2788:
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2778:
2776:
2766:
2764:
2730:
2728:
2705:
2703:
2693:
2691:
2674:
2672:
2662:
2660:
2650:
2648:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2602:
2598:
2596:
2590:
2569:
2509:Henrietta Maria of France
2427:
2418:
2409:
2187:abolition of the monarchy
2107:
2034:National Portrait Gallery
1567:Henry Brooke, Lord Cobham
1496:took place on 25 July at
997:, the younger brother of
876:De Jure Regni apud Scotos
812:anointed King of Scotland
756:Lord Darnley was murdered
702:Great Steward of Scotland
590:(1599). He sponsored the
409:
399:
389:
377:
368:
363:
359:
303:
267:
253:
237:
221:
217:
202:John Erskine, Earl of Mar
173:
163:
153:
143:
133:
119:
109:
99:
89:
79:
61:
39:
34:
13328:The Revolt of the Masses
11269:Anglo-Saxon Christianity
10789:Edgar, Duke of Cambridge
10774:James, Duke of Cambridge
10600:Arthur, Duke of Rothesay
10507:Mary, Countess of Buchan
10492:Joan, Countess of Morton
10458:Elizabeth, Lady Dalkeith
10232:High Steward of Scotland
10178:Dukes of York and Albany
8079:Montague, F. C. (1907).
7740:, Blackwell Publishing,
6894:Stanley, Arthur (1886),
6798:, London: Bantam Press,
6492:Queering the Renaissance
6258:Murphy, Timothy (2011),
5261:Shakespeare and Scotland
5189:11 February 2012 at the
4920:, pp. 105, 308â309.
4843:10.21083/irss.v45i0.5801
3793:Jean, Countess of Argyll
3778:
3681:Some Reulis and Cautelis
2451:
2156:has lasted for 400 years
1859:Hampton Court Conference
1747:, commissioned by James.
1553:; the jewel is now lost.
1549:, three rectangular red
1366:English House of Commons
1329:In 1597â98, James wrote
897:, followed a banquet at
776:abdicate on 24 July 1567
746:subsequent entertainment
742:Archbishop of St Andrews
632:
592:translation of the Bible
13308:The Communist Manifesto
12234:Tyranny of the majority
12145:Consent of the governed
11654:Christianity portal
11596:Converts to Anglicanism
11291:Augustine of Canterbury
11084:Alicia Ann Spottiswoode
10784:Charles, Duke of Kendal
10626:James, Duke of Rothesay
10610:Alexander, Duke of Ross
10595:James, Duke of Rothesay
10528:Mary, Countess of Arran
10454:Mary, Countess of Angus
10437:David, Duke of Rothesay
8256:Works by James VI and I
8238:Works by James VI and I
8052:Houston, S. J. (1974).
7586:—— (1998),
7547:Lindley, David (1993),
7485:Jack, R. D. S. (Ronald)
6078:Oxford University Press
4086:Oxford University Press
4078:Oxford World's Classics
2515:Robert, Duke of Kintyre
2317:paw a sword and in the
2265:
2089:Great Britain's Salomon
1130:died before her husband
1083:Bishop's Palace in Oslo
957:, the Protestant earls
816:Church of the Holy Rude
748:, devised by Frenchman
673:, faced a rebellion by
241:27 March 1625 (aged 58)
46:Portrait attributed to
13911:Sons of queens regnant
12185:
12135:Clash of civilizations
12121:
11631:Free Church of England
11079:Robert Louis Stevenson
10981:c. 1560 â 17th century
10630:Robert, Duke of Albany
10411:Walter, Earl of Atholl
10380:Elizabeth, Lady Erroll
10370:Robert, Duke of Albany
10360:Robert III of Scotland
10319:Stewart of Balquhidder
10033:
8490:Monarchs of the Picts
8431:Merged with the Crown
8213:Royal Collection Trust
7935:. New York: Atheneum.
7908:10.1093/ref:odnb/14592
7772:Stroud, Angus (1999),
7754:Stewart, Alan (2003),
7680:, Ashgate Publishing,
7658:Perry, Curtis (2006),
6520:The History of England
6175:Bucholz & Key 2004
5604:10.1093/ref:odnb/24066
4592:, pp. 29, 41â42;
3925:
3903:Archbishop Spottiswood
2471:
2433:
2424:
2415:
2272:royal arms of Scotland
2242:
2183:execution of Charles I
2127:
2036:
1944:
1891:Personal relationships
1885:Five Articles of Perth
1748:
1657:A dissident Catholic,
1554:
1545:1605. James wears the
1523:Early reign in England
1474:
1326:
1263:
1225:
1219:
1151:
1125:, James's successor.
1057:
1042:
942:
856:abbot of Cambuskenneth
799:
726:Elizabeth I of England
722:John, Count of Brienne
716:. His godparents were
665:, the older sister of
646:
554:Elizabethan literature
434:from 24 July 1567 and
13851:Patrons of literature
13841:Knights of the Garter
13801:Anglican philosophers
12150:Divine right of kings
11621:Anglican prayer beads
11503:Book of Common Prayer
11460:Lambeth Quadrilateral
11311:Medieval architecture
11232:Personal ordinariates
10993:Alexander Montgomerie
10533:James III of Scotland
10345:Robert II of Scotland
10165:Prince Charles Edward
10032:
8725:Monarchs of the Scots
8115:Smith, D. L. (1998).
8038:Hirst, Derek (1986).
7877:King James VI & I
7873:Willson, David Harris
7322:, Oxford: Blackwell,
6536:Miller, John (2004).
6330:Lee, Maurice (1990),
6305:"To the manor bought"
6191:Bain, Joseph (1894),
5211:Alexander Montgomerie
4692:The Reign of James VI
3620:Antoinette of Bourbon
3562:Claude, Duke of Guise
2459:
2432:
2423:
2414:
2398:James III of Scotland
2373:Cross of Saint George
2369:Cross of Saint Andrew
2256:defender of the faith
2237:
2179:divine right of kings
2121:
2027:
1865:Book of Common Prayer
1730:
1536:
1454:
1415:Alexander Montgomerie
1351:divine right of kings
1318:
1261:
1207:Lordship of the Isles
1201:Highlands and Islands
1143:
1048:
1040:
1019:most likely successor
939:Alonso SĂĄnchez Coello
932:
797:
640:
605:Book of Common Prayer
473:James was the son of
13298:Democracy in America
12677:political philosophy
12660:political philosophy
12475:political philosophy
12304:political philosophy
12214:Separation of powers
12175:Night-watchman state
12160:Monopoly on violence
11694:Political philosophy
11454:Thirty-nine Articles
11346:Apostolic succession
11222:Anglican realignment
11099:Sydney Goodsir Smith
10820:Henry, Cardinal York
10799:Louisa Maria Theresa
10681:Charles I of England
10634:Mary, Queen of Scots
10569:James IV of Scotland
10543:David, Earl of Moray
10502:James II of Scotland
10421:Egidia, Lady Douglas
10365:Walter, Earl of Fife
10310:Stewart of Ballechin
9663:William III & II
9228:Henry the Young King
9178:Edward the Confessor
9146:Ăthelred the Unready
8806:Constantine III (IV)
8771:Constantine II (III)
8271:Documents on James I
7988:Durston, C. (1993).
7717:A History of Britain
7407:Mary, Queen of Scots
7198:, pp. 140, 142.
7172:Brooke-Little, J. P.
7131:Pinches, John Harvey
6867:, pp. 129â130;
6831:, pp. 127â128;
6774:, pp. 126â127;
6738:, pp. 378, 404.
6146:, pp. 185â186;
6000:, pp. 207â208;
5876:, pp. 118â119;
5719:, pp. 348, 357.
5443:, pp. 461â468;
5299:, pp. 161â162;
4948:, pp. 143, 166.
4886:Keay & Keay 1994
4262:, pp. 364â365;
4173:, pp. 248â250;
3526:Mary, Queen of Scots
3441:James IV of Scotland
2383:(which is short for
2222:David Harris Willson
2171:political absolutism
2140:Plantation of Ulster
1822:Popish Recusants Act
1770:Emperor Ferdinand II
1720:. The policy of the
1683:prorogued Parliament
1547:Three Brothers jewel
1457:royal heraldic badge
1441:Accession in England
1211:James IV of Scotland
1079:David Harris Willson
728:(represented by the
718:Charles IX of France
659:Henry VII of England
651:Mary, Queen of Scots
531:Plantation of Ulster
489:governed during his
485:in his favour. Four
475:Mary, Queen of Scots
404:Mary, Queen of Scots
369:James Charles Stuart
292:; died
13871:Protestant monarchs
13488:Right-wing politics
13368:A Theory of Justice
13338:The Road to Serfdom
13258:The Social Contract
11965:Christian democracy
11321:English Reformation
11264:Celtic Christianity
11109:George Campbell Hay
10605:James V of Scotland
10574:James, Duke of Ross
10442:James I of Scotland
9611:Union of the Crowns
8836:Malcolm III Canmore
8366:Peerage of Scotland
7858:, London: Longman,
7831:Mary Queen of Scots
7121:, pp. 252â253.
7040:, pp. 1â9, 46.
6835:, pp. 445â447.
6614:, pp. 334â335.
6357:, pp. 19, 21;
6224:Hyde, H. Montgomery
6118:, pp. 213â215.
6080:. p. 503-504.
6004:, pp. 148â149.
5912:, pp. 120â121.
5880:, pp. 431â435.
5775:, pp. 372â373.
5759:, pp. 369â370.
5526:, pp. 249â253.
5510:, pp. 249â253.
5346:, pp. 160â164.
5303:, pp. 154â155.
5275:, pp. 137â138.
5169:, pp. 126â127.
5100:, pp. 131â133.
4900:, pp. 103â105.
4731:, pp. 107â110.
4640:, pp. 126â130.
4612:, pp. 150â157.
4596:, pp. 121â124.
4387:, pp. 248â249.
4238:, pp. 312â313.
4226:, pp. 171â172.
3735:The Two Meditations
3467:James V of Scotland
2148:Jamestown, Virginia
2061:Théodore de Mayerne
1718:Maria Anna of Spain
1670:King and Parliament
1641:Earl of Northampton
1608:, who continued as
1473:by the royal crown.
1447:Union of the Crowns
1435:James I of Scotland
1172:Witchcraft Act 1563
1101:and a meeting with
558:William Shakespeare
13708:James I of England
13647:Christopher Wright
13500:Political violence
13495:Political theology
13478:Left-wing politics
13473:Political spectrum
11377:King James Version
11217:Anglican Communion
11018:Elizabeth Melville
10324:Stewart of Darnley
10034:
9695:Acts of Union 1707
9658:James II & VII
9351:Kenneth I MacAlpin
9136:Edgar the Peaceful
8909:Second Interregnum
8876:William I the Lion
8745:Constantine I (II)
8735:Kenneth I MacAlpin
8398:Title next held by
8376:Title last held by
8092:. Harper Collins.
7827:Warnicke, Retha M.
7266:, p. xviâxvii
7176:Boutell's Heraldry
6874:quod.lib.umich.edu
6851:, p. 129 and
6722:, pp. 98â99;
6488:Goldberg, Jonathan
6390:(8 January 2000),
5799:, p. 408â416.
5787:, p. 374â377.
4996:, pp. 40â41;
4664:, pp. 29â31;
4608:, pp. 24â25;
4568:, pp. 39, 50.
4564:, pp. 17â18;
4507:, pp. 13â15;
4430:, pp. 11â12;
4353:Spottiswoode, John
4343:, pp. 13, 18.
4103:Henry IV of France
2683:Elizabeth Hamilton
2472:
2434:
2425:
2416:
2400:), the Tudor rose
2285:armed and langued
2128:
2037:
1870:King James Version
1842:Millenary Petition
1830:crypto-Catholicism
1826:Oath of Allegiance
1764:, was ousted from
1749:
1621:English Parliament
1555:
1475:
1376:Literary patronage
1349:, he sets out the
1327:
1311:Theory of monarchy
1264:
1166:, the first major
1152:
1113:in 1612, aged 18;
1069:. Shortly after a
1058:
1043:
943:
883:Battle of Langside
836:Church of Scotland
800:
647:
550:English Parliament
18:James I of England
13826:Dukes of Rothesay
13733:
13732:
13727:
13726:
13594:Original plotters
13553:
13552:
13463:Philosophy of law
13408:Conflict theories
13248:The Spirit of Law
13155:
13154:
12204:Original position
11660:
11659:
11566:Books of Homilies
11408:Anglo-Catholicism
11341:Church of Ireland
11336:Church of England
11167:
11166:
11013:Christian Lindsay
10925:c. 1460 â c. 1560
10911:Andrew of Wyntoun
10884:c. 1370 â c. 1460
10843:
10842:
10828:
10827:
10579:John, Earl of Mar
10548:John, Earl of Mar
10184:
10183:
10096:Alexander Stewart
10039:
10038:
9828:Dukes of Rothesay
9794:
9793:
9777:
9776:
9680:
9679:
9596:
9595:
9591:
9590:
9141:Edward the Martyr
9024:
9023:
8897:First Interregnum
8436:
8435:
8332:Succeeded by
8242:Project Gutenberg
8125:978-0-6311-9402-6
7984:978-1-4058-5916-5
7913:(Subscription or
7886:978-0-2246-0572-4
7865:978-0-5821-2783-8
7844:978-0-4152-9182-8
7805:978-0-7153-4260-2
7787:978-0-4152-0652-5
7765:978-0-7011-6984-8
7747:978-0-6312-1874-6
7726:978-0-7868-6752-3
7705:978-0-9511-0035-6
7687:978-0-7546-0482-2
7669:978-0-5218-5405-4
7651:978-0-5216-5040-3
7633:978-1-4766-6255-8
7615:978-0-8541-1047-6
7597:978-0-5822-7961-2
7579:978-0-5825-0296-3
7558:978-0-4150-5206-1
7527:978-0-8018-7963-0
7509:978-0-0025-5082-6
7477:978-1-8401-8376-4
7456:978-1-8411-5752-8
7435:978-0-8143-2877-4
7417:978-0-3401-2383-6
7402:Donaldson, Gordon
7394:978-0-1982-1704-6
7384:The Early Stuarts
7370:978-0-3336-1395-5
7347:978-0-5210-2313-9
7329:978-0-6312-1393-2
7311:978-0-8122-3574-6
7293:978-0-5200-4707-5
7094:Velde, Francois,
7069:Velde, Francois,
6529:978-0-2307-0641-5
6429:978-3-8780-8892-9
6341:978-0-2520-1686-8
6250:978-0-8147-9693-1
6202:978-1-0157-9859-5
6087:978-0-1951-3886-3
5659:, pp. 75â81.
5617:(Subscription or
5538:, pp. 52â53.
5486:, pp. 52â54.
5410:, pp. 50â51.
4972:, pp. 40â41.
4773:, pp. 85â95.
4707:, pp. 23â24.
4455:978-0-1992-6572-5
4434:, pp. 51â63.
4403:, pp. 28â29.
4331:, pp. 12â13.
3923:In the original:
3665:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3257:Elizabeth Stewart
3163:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3150:James VI & I,
2860:Archibald Douglas
2449:
2448:
2377:Scottish practice
2250:Titles and styles
2175:English Civil War
2138:Under James, the
1982:Théophile de Viau
1962:Sir Edward Peyton
1804:Earl of Middlesex
1783:royal prerogative
1758:Thirty Years' War
1696:Addled Parliament
1633:AngloâSpanish War
1590:Earl of Salisbury
1575:Privy Councillors
1498:Westminster Abbey
1422:William Alexander
1409:, which included
1355:royal prerogative
1295:, James's cousin
1132:, in March 1619.
1093:. After stays at
1027:an annual subsidy
1014:Treaty of Berwick
995:Alexander Ruthven
965:lured James into
937:or the school of
864:abbot of Dryburgh
738:Philibert du Croc
643:Arnold Bronckorst
622:Thirty Years' War
620:, especially the
509:. In 1603, James
421:
420:
373:
372:
261:Westminster Abbey
246:, Hertfordshire,
16:(Redirected from
13918:
13886:Scottish princes
13693:Guy Fawkes Night
13662:Ambrose Rokewood
13580:
13573:
13566:
13557:
13556:
13468:Political ethics
13458:Machiavellianism
13398:Authoritarianism
13383:
13373:
13363:
13353:
13343:
13333:
13323:
13313:
13303:
13293:
13283:
13273:
13263:
13253:
13243:
13233:
13223:
13213:
13203:
13193:
13183:
13173:
12249:
12248:
12190:
12126:
12116:Balance of power
12090:Social democracy
12085:Social Darwinism
12060:Multiculturalism
12005:Environmentalism
11980:Communitarianism
11687:
11680:
11673:
11664:
11663:
11652:
11651:
11398:Nonjuring schism
11393:Caroline Divines
11244:
11194:
11187:
11180:
11171:
11170:
11119:Hamish Henderson
11069:Robert Fergusson
11043:William Drummond
10962:Richard Maitland
10870:
10863:
10856:
10847:
10846:
10389:Jean, Lady Keith
10339:
10338:
10306:Stewart of Appin
10290:Earl of Galloway
10280:Marquess of Bute
10247:Duke of Richmond
10218:House of Stewart
10211:
10204:
10197:
10188:
10187:
10066:
10059:
10052:
10043:
10042:
10031:
9821:
9814:
9807:
9798:
9797:
9686:
9685:
9646:Richard Cromwell
9636:The Protectorate
9626:James I & VI
9602:
9601:
9183:Harold Godwinson
9103:Edward the Elder
9096:Alfred the Great
9080:
9079:
9075:
9074:
9051:
9044:
9037:
9028:
9027:
9017:
9008:also monarch of
8475:
8468:
8461:
8452:
8451:
8439:
8438:
8409:Preceded by
8387:Duke of Rothesay
8342:Preceded by
8325:King of Scotland
8315:Preceded by
8305:
8298:
8280:
8279:
8267:
8266:
8251:Internet Archive
8234:
8204:British monarchy
8188:
8159:
8150:
8141:(223): 187â209.
7968:
7946:
7918:
7910:
7889:
7868:
7848:
7822:
7821:, Bannatyne Club
7808:
7790:
7779:
7768:
7750:
7729:
7708:
7690:
7672:
7654:
7636:
7618:
7600:
7582:
7561:
7543:
7530:
7512:
7492:
7480:
7459:
7438:
7420:
7397:
7373:
7350:
7332:
7314:
7296:
7267:
7261:
7255:
7241:
7235:
7225:
7219:
7216:John Chamberlain
7205:
7199:
7193:
7187:
7169:
7160:
7157:
7146:
7128:
7122:
7116:
7110:
7109:
7107:
7105:
7091:
7085:
7084:
7082:
7080:
7066:
7060:
7059:
7058:(review no. 334)
7047:
7041:
7035:
7029:
7023:
7017:
7011:
7005:
6994:
6988:
6978:
6972:
6966:
6960:
6954:
6948:
6942:
6936:
6918:
6912:
6906:
6900:
6899:
6891:
6885:
6884:
6882:
6880:
6862:
6856:
6845:John Chamberlain
6842:
6836:
6826:
6820:
6813:
6807:
6792:Röhl, John C. G.
6789:
6783:
6769:
6763:
6757:
6751:
6745:
6739:
6733:
6727:
6717:
6711:
6705:
6699:
6693:
6687:
6681:
6675:
6669:
6663:
6653:
6647:
6641:
6635:
6621:
6615:
6609:
6603:
6597:
6591:
6585:
6579:
6578:
6576:
6574:
6558:
6552:
6551:
6533:
6512:
6506:
6505:
6480:
6459:
6453:
6447:
6441:
6440:
6438:
6436:
6413:
6407:
6406:
6404:
6402:
6384:
6378:
6377:
6352:
6346:
6345:
6326:
6320:
6319:
6317:
6315:
6300:
6294:
6293:
6285:
6279:
6278:
6270:
6264:
6263:
6238:
6232:
6231:
6220:
6214:
6213:
6188:
6182:
6172:
6163:
6157:
6151:
6137:
6131:
6125:
6119:
6113:
6107:
6101:
6092:
6091:
6059:
6053:
6047:
6041:
6023:
6017:
6011:
6005:
5995:
5989:
5983:
5977:
5971:
5965:
5959:
5953:
5947:
5941:
5931:
5925:
5919:
5913:
5907:
5901:
5887:
5881:
5871:
5865:
5859:
5853:
5848:James quoted by
5846:
5840:
5834:
5828:
5822:
5816:
5806:
5800:
5794:
5788:
5782:
5776:
5766:
5760:
5754:
5748:
5738:
5732:
5726:
5720:
5714:
5708:
5702:
5696:
5686:
5680:
5666:
5660:
5654:
5648:
5641:
5635:
5629:
5623:
5622:
5614:
5612:
5610:
5591:
5581:
5575:
5569:
5563:
5557:
5551:
5545:
5539:
5533:
5527:
5517:
5511:
5505:
5499:
5493:
5487:
5481:
5475:
5469:
5460:
5454:
5448:
5438:
5432:
5426:
5411:
5405:
5399:
5393:
5387:
5377:
5371:
5365:
5359:
5353:
5347:
5337:
5331:
5325:
5319:
5313:
5304:
5294:
5288:
5282:
5276:
5270:
5264:
5257:
5251:
5244:
5238:
5232:
5226:
5220:
5214:
5204:
5198:
5176:
5170:
5164:
5158:
5151:
5145:
5139:
5133:
5128:, p. 132: "
5119:
5113:
5107:
5101:
5095:
5089:
5080:James quoted by
5078:
5072:
5066:
5057:
5047:
5041:
5035:
5029:
5023:
5017:
5016:, pp. 12â13
5007:
5001:
4991:
4985:
4979:
4973:
4967:
4961:
4955:
4949:
4943:
4937:
4927:
4921:
4907:
4901:
4895:
4889:
4883:
4874:
4873:
4855:
4845:
4821:
4815:
4809:
4803:
4797:
4791:
4785:
4774:
4768:
4762:
4761:
4753:
4747:
4746:
4738:
4732:
4726:
4720:
4714:
4708:
4702:
4696:
4695:
4687:
4681:
4675:
4669:
4659:
4653:
4647:
4641:
4619:
4613:
4603:
4597:
4587:
4581:
4575:
4569:
4559:
4553:
4546:
4540:
4530:
4524:
4518:
4512:
4502:
4496:
4490:
4484:
4477:David Calderwood
4474:
4468:
4467:
4441:
4435:
4425:
4419:
4413:
4404:
4394:
4388:
4382:
4376:
4370:
4364:
4350:
4344:
4338:
4332:
4326:
4320:
4314:
4308:
4302:
4296:
4286:
4280:
4273:
4267:
4257:
4251:
4245:
4239:
4233:
4227:
4221:
4215:
4209:
4203:
4197:
4191:
4184:
4178:
4168:
4162:
4152:
4146:
4145:, pp. 47â57
4140:
4134:
4129:, pp. 4â6;
4120:
4114:
4096:
4090:
4089:
4066:
4057:
4054:political theory
4043:
4037:
4031:
4025:
4019:
4003:
3996:
3990:
3987:
3981:
3977:
3971:
3967:John Chamberlain
3962:
3956:
3945:
3939:
3936:
3930:
3928:
3921:
3915:
3912:
3906:
3899:
3893:
3890:
3884:
3881:
3875:
3854:
3848:
3845:
3839:
3836:
3830:
3827:
3821:
3817:
3811:
3802:
3796:
3789:
3669:List of writings
3345:Margaret Douglas
3180:
3179:
3171:
3170:
3035:Queen of England
3024:Queen of England
3014:Margaret Douglas
2997:King of Scotland
2837:King of Scotland
2573:Mary of Guelders
2547:
2546:
2538:
2537:
2407:
2337:passant guardant
2297:by two unicorns
2289:within a double
2020:Health and death
1966:Apethorpe Palace
1947:
1918:
1909:
1768:by the Catholic
1738:
1700:Lionel Cranfield
1602:Thomas Sackville
1544:
1468:Scottish thistle
1459:after 1603, the
1286:Lowland Scotland
1281:Statutes of Iona
1230:
1222:
1119:queen of Bohemia
1052:
925:Rule in Scotland
838:, the Kirk. The
830:was preached by
824:Bishop of Orkney
818:in Stirling, by
772:Lochleven Castle
720:(represented by
694:Duke of Rothesay
686:Edinburgh Castle
464:sovereign states
428:King of Scotland
417:
361:
360:
314:
297:
295:
291:
287:
228:Edinburgh Castle
184:
139:
121:King of Scotland
85:
56:
53:
44:
32:
31:
21:
13926:
13925:
13921:
13920:
13919:
13917:
13916:
13915:
13836:House of Stuart
13821:Dukes of Albany
13736:
13735:
13734:
13729:
13728:
13723:
13698:Guy Fawkes mask
13676:
13672:Francis Tresham
13625:
13589:
13584:
13554:
13549:
13536:
13525:Totalitarianism
13386:
13381:
13371:
13361:
13351:
13341:
13331:
13321:
13311:
13301:
13291:
13281:
13271:
13261:
13251:
13241:
13231:
13221:
13211:
13201:
13198:Treatise on Law
13191:
13181:
13171:
13151:
12809:
12803:
12542:
12536:
12422:
12416:
12335:
12238:
12224:State of nature
12219:Social contract
12199:Ordered liberty
12187:Noblesse oblige
12104:
11938:
11867:
11696:
11691:
11661:
11656:
11646:
11640:
11584:
11555:Liturgical year
11484:
11417:
11403:Oxford Movement
11245:
11236:
11203:
11198:
11168:
11163:
11136:
11128:
11114:Alexander Scott
11052:
11038:Francis Sempill
10988:Alexander Scott
10976:
10972:William Stewart
10937:Robert Henryson
10920:
10916:Richard Holland
10906:Sir Gilbert Hay
10879:
10874:
10844:
10839:
10824:
10808:12th generation
10803:
10757:11th generation
10752:
10705:10th generation
10700:
10654:
10638:
10614:
10583:
10557:
10516:
10465:
10425:
10392:Katherine Logan
10348:
10334:
10328:
10294:
10270:Duke of Aubigny
10262:King of Ireland
10257:King of England
10220:
10215:
10185:
10180:
10176:italics denote
10170:
10136:Ernest Augustus
10090:Murdoch Stewart
10075:
10073:Dukes of Albany
10070:
10040:
10035:
10029:
10024:
9923:Henry Frederick
9830:
9825:
9795:
9790:
9773:
9700:
9676:
9641:Oliver Cromwell
9617:
9592:
9587:
9434:Constantine III
9343:
9168:Harold Harefoot
9158:Edmund Ironside
9069:
9064: and
9055:
9025:
9020:
9007:
8999:
8726:
8719:
8675:Constantine (I)
8555:Galam Cennalath
8491:
8484:
8479:
8444:
8426:
8422:
8414:
8402:Henry Frederick
8399:
8390:
8377:
8359:
8352:King of England
8347:
8337:
8328:
8320:
8299:
8293:
8292:
8289:House of Stuart
8285:
8264:
8196:
8191:
8026:Goodare, Julian
8013:Gardiner, S. R.
7965:
7951:Fraser, Antonia
7943:
7926:
7924:Further reading
7921:
7912:
7887:
7866:
7855:Anne of Denmark
7845:
7813:Thomson, Thomas
7806:
7788:
7766:
7748:
7734:Smith, David L.
7727:
7706:
7688:
7670:
7652:
7634:
7616:
7598:
7580:
7559:
7528:
7510:
7478:
7457:
7436:
7418:
7395:
7379:Davies, Godfrey
7371:
7348:
7330:
7312:
7294:
7275:
7270:
7262:
7258:
7250:, p. 142;
7242:
7238:
7226:
7222:
7206:
7202:
7194:
7190:
7186:, pp. 213, 215.
7170:
7163:
7158:
7149:
7129:
7125:
7117:
7113:
7103:
7101:
7100:, heraldica.org
7092:
7088:
7078:
7076:
7075:, heraldica.org
7067:
7063:
7048:
7044:
7036:
7032:
7024:
7020:
7012:
7008:
6995:
6991:
6987:, pp. 1â4.
6979:
6975:
6967:
6963:
6955:
6951:
6943:
6939:
6919:
6915:
6907:
6903:
6892:
6888:
6878:
6876:
6868:
6863:
6859:
6843:
6839:
6827:
6823:
6814:
6810:
6790:
6786:
6770:
6766:
6758:
6754:
6746:
6742:
6734:
6730:
6718:
6714:
6706:
6702:
6694:
6690:
6682:
6678:
6670:
6666:
6654:
6650:
6642:
6638:
6626:, p. 349;
6622:
6618:
6610:
6606:
6598:
6594:
6586:
6582:
6572:
6570:
6559:
6555:
6548:
6530:
6513:
6509:
6502:
6477:
6460:
6456:
6448:
6444:
6434:
6432:
6430:
6414:
6410:
6400:
6398:
6385:
6381:
6374:
6353:
6349:
6342:
6327:
6323:
6313:
6311:
6301:
6297:
6286:
6282:
6271:
6267:
6239:
6235:
6221:
6217:
6203:
6189:
6185:
6173:
6166:
6158:
6154:
6142:, p. 166;
6138:
6134:
6126:
6122:
6114:
6110:
6102:
6095:
6088:
6060:
6056:
6048:
6044:
6034:Basilikon Doron
6028:, p. 156;
6024:
6020:
6012:
6008:
5996:
5992:
5984:
5980:
5972:
5968:
5960:
5956:
5948:
5944:
5936:, p. 125;
5932:
5928:
5920:
5916:
5908:
5904:
5896:, p. 120;
5888:
5884:
5872:
5868:
5860:
5856:
5847:
5843:
5835:
5831:
5823:
5819:
5811:, p. 148;
5807:
5803:
5795:
5791:
5783:
5779:
5771:, p. 104;
5767:
5763:
5755:
5751:
5739:
5735:
5727:
5723:
5715:
5711:
5703:
5699:
5687:
5683:
5675:, p. 167;
5667:
5663:
5655:
5651:
5642:
5638:
5630:
5626:
5616:
5608:
5606:
5582:
5578:
5570:
5566:
5558:
5554:
5546:
5542:
5534:
5530:
5518:
5514:
5506:
5502:
5494:
5490:
5482:
5478:
5470:
5463:
5455:
5451:
5439:
5435:
5427:
5414:
5406:
5402:
5394:
5390:
5382:, p. 172;
5378:
5374:
5366:
5362:
5354:
5350:
5342:, p. 315;
5338:
5334:
5326:
5322:
5314:
5307:
5295:
5291:
5283:
5279:
5271:
5267:
5258:
5254:
5245:
5241:
5233:
5229:
5221:
5217:
5205:
5201:
5191:Wayback Machine
5177:
5173:
5165:
5161:
5152:
5148:
5140:
5136:
5130:Basilikon Doron
5120:
5116:
5108:
5104:
5096:
5092:
5079:
5075:
5067:
5060:
5052:, p. 139;
5048:
5044:
5036:
5032:
5024:
5020:
5012:, p. 175;
5008:
5004:
4992:
4988:
4980:
4976:
4968:
4964:
4956:
4952:
4944:
4940:
4932:, p. 220;
4928:
4924:
4908:
4904:
4896:
4892:
4884:
4877:
4822:
4818:
4810:
4806:
4798:
4794:
4786:
4777:
4769:
4765:
4754:
4750:
4739:
4735:
4727:
4723:
4715:
4711:
4703:
4699:
4688:
4684:
4676:
4672:
4660:
4656:
4648:
4644:
4626:George Nicolson
4620:
4616:
4604:
4600:
4588:
4584:
4576:
4572:
4560:
4556:
4547:
4543:
4531:
4527:
4519:
4515:
4503:
4499:
4491:
4487:
4475:
4471:
4456:
4442:
4438:
4426:
4422:
4414:
4407:
4395:
4391:
4383:
4379:
4371:
4367:
4351:
4347:
4339:
4335:
4327:
4323:
4315:
4311:
4303:
4299:
4287:
4283:
4274:
4270:
4258:
4254:
4246:
4242:
4234:
4230:
4222:
4218:
4210:
4206:
4198:
4194:
4185:
4181:
4169:
4165:
4153:
4149:
4141:
4137:
4121:
4117:
4097:
4093:
4070:Cummings, Brian
4067:
4060:
4044:
4040:
4032:
4028:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4007:
4006:
3997:
3993:
3988:
3984:
3978:
3974:
3963:
3959:
3946:
3942:
3937:
3933:
3922:
3918:
3913:
3909:
3901:In March 1605,
3900:
3896:
3891:
3887:
3882:
3878:
3855:
3851:
3846:
3842:
3837:
3833:
3828:
3824:
3818:
3814:
3803:
3799:
3790:
3786:
3781:
3751:Basilikon Doron
3671:
3666:
3168:
3151:
3090:
3046:King of England
3045:
3044:Edward VI,
3034:
3023:
3007:Matthew Stewart
2996:
2870:King of England
2869:
2836:
2754:King of England
2753:
2628:
2564:
2552:House of Stuart
2536:
2495:. Died aged 65.
2469:Willem de Passe
2454:
2268:
2252:
2247:
2214:Francis Osborne
2116:
2110:
2073:Theobalds House
2032:, 1621, in the
2022:
2006:Thomas Overbury
1973:Basilikon Doron
1935:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1911:
1910:
1899:
1893:
1818:
1812:
1810:King and Church
1743:, by architect
1714:
1708:
1678:
1672:
1655:
1649:
1635:to an end, and
1598:Lord Chancellor
1581:and his nephew
1537:Portrait after
1531:
1525:
1449:
1443:
1378:
1361:Basilikon Doron
1338:Basilikon Doron
1313:
1220:linn nan creach
1203:
1178:, most notably
1138:
1063:Anne of Denmark
1035:
927:
899:Dalkeith Palace
844:George Buchanan
808:Countess of Mar
792:
714:Stirling Castle
706:Henry Killigrew
671:Roman Catholics
635:
630:
587:Basilikon Doron
499:Henry Frederick
495:Anne of Denmark
436:King of England
355:
308:
307:
299:
283:
279:
276:
274:Anne of Denmark
263:
258:
244:Theobalds House
242:
226:
213:
186:
185:
180:
137:
129:
83:
75:
63:King of England
57:
54:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
13924:
13914:
13913:
13908:
13903:
13898:
13893:
13888:
13883:
13878:
13873:
13868:
13863:
13858:
13853:
13848:
13846:Child monarchs
13843:
13838:
13833:
13828:
13823:
13818:
13813:
13811:Castalian Band
13808:
13803:
13798:
13793:
13788:
13783:
13778:
13773:
13768:
13763:
13758:
13753:
13748:
13746:James VI and I
13731:
13730:
13725:
13724:
13722:
13721:
13716:
13710:
13705:
13700:
13695:
13690:
13684:
13682:
13678:
13677:
13675:
13674:
13669:
13664:
13659:
13657:Robert Wintour
13654:
13649:
13644:
13639:
13633:
13631:
13627:
13626:
13624:
13623:
13618:
13616:Thomas Wintour
13613:
13608:
13606:Robert Catesby
13603:
13597:
13595:
13591:
13590:
13583:
13582:
13575:
13568:
13560:
13551:
13550:
13548:
13547:
13541:
13538:
13537:
13535:
13534:
13527:
13522:
13517:
13515:Social justice
13512:
13507:
13502:
13497:
13492:
13491:
13490:
13485:
13480:
13470:
13465:
13460:
13455:
13450:
13445:
13440:
13435:
13430:
13425:
13423:Egalitarianism
13420:
13415:
13413:Contractualism
13410:
13405:
13400:
13394:
13392:
13388:
13387:
13385:
13384:
13374:
13364:
13354:
13344:
13334:
13324:
13314:
13304:
13294:
13284:
13274:
13264:
13254:
13244:
13234:
13224:
13214:
13204:
13194:
13184:
13174:
13163:
13161:
13157:
13156:
13153:
13152:
13150:
13149:
13144:
13139:
13134:
13129:
13124:
13119:
13114:
13109:
13104:
13099:
13094:
13089:
13084:
13079:
13074:
13069:
13064:
13059:
13054:
13049:
13044:
13039:
13034:
13029:
13024:
13019:
13014:
13009:
13004:
12999:
12994:
12989:
12984:
12979:
12974:
12969:
12964:
12959:
12954:
12949:
12944:
12939:
12934:
12929:
12924:
12919:
12914:
12909:
12904:
12899:
12894:
12889:
12884:
12879:
12874:
12869:
12864:
12859:
12854:
12849:
12844:
12839:
12834:
12829:
12824:
12819:
12813:
12811:
12805:
12804:
12802:
12801:
12796:
12791:
12786:
12781:
12776:
12771:
12766:
12761:
12756:
12751:
12746:
12741:
12736:
12731:
12726:
12721:
12716:
12711:
12706:
12701:
12696:
12691:
12686:
12681:
12680:
12679:
12669:
12664:
12663:
12662:
12652:
12647:
12642:
12637:
12632:
12627:
12622:
12617:
12612:
12607:
12602:
12597:
12592:
12587:
12582:
12577:
12572:
12567:
12562:
12557:
12552:
12546:
12544:
12538:
12537:
12535:
12534:
12529:
12524:
12519:
12514:
12509:
12504:
12499:
12494:
12489:
12484:
12479:
12478:
12477:
12467:
12462:
12457:
12452:
12447:
12442:
12437:
12432:
12426:
12424:
12418:
12417:
12415:
12414:
12409:
12404:
12399:
12394:
12389:
12384:
12379:
12374:
12369:
12364:
12359:
12354:
12349:
12343:
12341:
12337:
12336:
12334:
12333:
12328:
12323:
12318:
12313:
12308:
12307:
12306:
12296:
12291:
12286:
12281:
12276:
12271:
12266:
12261:
12255:
12253:
12246:
12240:
12239:
12237:
12236:
12231:
12226:
12221:
12216:
12211:
12209:Overton window
12206:
12201:
12196:
12191:
12182:
12177:
12172:
12167:
12162:
12157:
12152:
12147:
12142:
12137:
12132:
12127:
12118:
12112:
12110:
12106:
12105:
12103:
12102:
12097:
12092:
12087:
12082:
12077:
12072:
12067:
12062:
12057:
12052:
12047:
12042:
12040:Libertarianism
12037:
12032:
12027:
12022:
12017:
12012:
12007:
12002:
11997:
11992:
11987:
11982:
11977:
11972:
11967:
11962:
11957:
11952:
11946:
11944:
11940:
11939:
11937:
11936:
11931:
11926:
11921:
11916:
11911:
11906:
11901:
11896:
11891:
11886:
11881:
11875:
11873:
11869:
11868:
11866:
11865:
11860:
11855:
11850:
11845:
11840:
11835:
11830:
11825:
11820:
11815:
11810:
11805:
11800:
11795:
11790:
11785:
11780:
11775:
11770:
11765:
11760:
11755:
11750:
11745:
11740:
11735:
11730:
11725:
11720:
11715:
11710:
11704:
11702:
11698:
11697:
11690:
11689:
11682:
11675:
11667:
11658:
11657:
11645:
11642:
11641:
11639:
11638:
11633:
11628:
11623:
11618:
11613:
11608:
11603:
11598:
11592:
11590:
11589:Related topics
11586:
11585:
11583:
11582:
11569:
11562:
11560:Biblical canon
11557:
11552:
11550:Evening Prayer
11543:
11538:
11537:
11536:
11531:
11526:
11521:
11516:
11511:
11498:
11496:
11486:
11485:
11483:
11482:
11477:
11472:
11467:
11462:
11457:
11450:
11449:
11448:
11443:
11438:
11427:
11425:
11419:
11418:
11416:
11415:
11410:
11405:
11400:
11395:
11390:
11385:
11380:
11373:
11368:
11363:
11358:
11353:
11348:
11343:
11338:
11333:
11328:
11323:
11318:
11313:
11308:
11303:
11298:
11293:
11288:
11283:
11278:
11273:
11272:
11271:
11266:
11255:
11253:
11247:
11246:
11239:
11237:
11235:
11234:
11229:
11224:
11219:
11213:
11211:
11205:
11204:
11197:
11196:
11189:
11182:
11174:
11165:
11164:
11162:
11161:
11159:Kathleen Jamie
11156:
11151:
11146:
11140:
11138:
11130:
11129:
11127:
11126:
11121:
11116:
11111:
11106:
11101:
11096:
11094:Robert Garioch
11091:
11089:William Soutar
11086:
11081:
11076:
11071:
11066:
11060:
11058:
11054:
11053:
11051:
11050:
11045:
11040:
11035:
11030:
11028:Robert Sempill
11025:
11023:Alexander Hume
11020:
11015:
11010:
11008:William Fowler
11005:
11003:Castalian Band
11000:
10995:
10990:
10984:
10982:
10978:
10977:
10975:
10974:
10969:
10964:
10959:
10954:
10949:
10947:William Dunbar
10944:
10942:Walter Kennedy
10939:
10934:
10928:
10926:
10922:
10921:
10919:
10918:
10913:
10908:
10903:
10898:
10893:
10887:
10885:
10881:
10880:
10873:
10872:
10865:
10858:
10850:
10841:
10840:
10833:
10830:
10829:
10826:
10825:
10823:
10822:
10817:
10811:
10809:
10805:
10804:
10802:
10801:
10796:
10791:
10786:
10781:
10776:
10771:
10766:
10760:
10758:
10754:
10753:
10751:
10750:
10745:
10740:
10737:
10732:
10727:
10722:
10717:
10712:
10708:
10706:
10702:
10701:
10699:
10698:
10693:
10688:
10683:
10678:
10673:
10668:
10662:
10660:
10659:9th generation
10656:
10655:
10653:
10652:
10646:
10644:
10643:8th generation
10640:
10639:
10637:
10636:
10631:
10628:
10622:
10620:
10619:7th generation
10616:
10615:
10613:
10612:
10607:
10602:
10597:
10591:
10589:
10588:6th generation
10585:
10584:
10582:
10581:
10576:
10571:
10565:
10563:
10562:5th generation
10559:
10558:
10556:
10555:
10550:
10545:
10540:
10535:
10530:
10524:
10522:
10521:4th generation
10518:
10517:
10515:
10514:
10509:
10504:
10499:
10494:
10489:
10484:
10479:
10473:
10471:
10470:3rd generation
10467:
10466:
10464:
10463:
10460:
10455:
10452:
10447:
10444:
10439:
10433:
10431:
10430:2nd generation
10427:
10426:
10424:
10423:
10418:
10413:
10408:
10403:
10398:
10393:
10390:
10387:
10382:
10377:
10372:
10367:
10362:
10356:
10354:
10353:1st generation
10350:
10349:
10336:
10330:
10329:
10327:
10326:
10321:
10316:
10311:
10308:
10302:
10300:
10296:
10295:
10293:
10292:
10287:
10282:
10277:
10272:
10267:
10266:Lord of Sticks
10264:
10259:
10254:
10252:Duke of Albany
10249:
10244:
10242:Duke of Lennox
10239:
10237:Earl of Lennox
10234:
10228:
10226:
10222:
10221:
10214:
10213:
10206:
10199:
10191:
10182:
10181:
10175:
10172:
10171:
10169:
10168:
10162:
10159:Prince Leopold
10156:
10148:
10140:
10132:
10126:
10123:Charles Stuart
10120:
10114:
10108:
10105:
10099:
10098:(c. 1458â1485)
10093:
10087:
10084:Robert Stewart
10080:
10077:
10076:
10069:
10068:
10061:
10054:
10046:
10037:
10036:
10027:
10025:
10023:
10022:
10020:(2022âpresent)
10014:
10006:
9998:
9990:
9982:
9974:
9966:
9958:
9950:
9942:
9938:Charles James
9936:
9928:
9920:
9912:
9904:
9896:
9890:
9884:
9876:
9868:
9860:
9852:
9844:
9835:
9832:
9831:
9824:
9823:
9816:
9809:
9801:
9792:
9791:
9789:
9788:
9782:
9779:
9778:
9775:
9774:
9772:
9771:
9766:
9761:
9756:
9751:
9746:
9741:
9736:
9731:
9726:
9721:
9716:
9711:
9705:
9702:
9701:
9699:
9698:
9682:
9681:
9678:
9677:
9675:
9674:
9669:
9660:
9655:
9650:
9649:
9648:
9643:
9633:
9628:
9622:
9619:
9618:
9616:
9615:
9598:
9597:
9594:
9593:
9589:
9588:
9586:
9585:
9580:
9575:
9570:
9565:
9560:
9555:
9550:
9545:
9540:
9537:Edward Balliol
9533:
9528:
9523:
9518:
9511:
9506:
9501:
9496:
9491:
9486:
9481:
9476:
9471:
9466:
9461:
9456:
9451:
9446:
9441:
9436:
9431:
9426:
9419:
9414:
9409:
9404:
9399:
9397:Constantine II
9394:
9389:
9382:
9375:
9368:
9361:
9354:
9346:
9344:
9342:
9341:
9336:
9325:
9318:
9313:
9308:
9303:
9298:
9293:
9288:
9283:
9278:
9273:
9268:
9263:
9258:
9253:
9248:
9241:
9236:
9231:
9224:
9219:
9212:
9207:
9202:
9197:
9192:
9189:Edgar Ătheling
9185:
9180:
9175:
9170:
9165:
9160:
9155:
9148:
9143:
9138:
9133:
9128:
9123:
9118:
9113:
9106:
9099:
9091:
9088:
9087:
9084:
9078:
9071:
9070:
9054:
9053:
9046:
9039:
9031:
9022:
9021:
9019:
9018:
9004:
9001:
9000:
8998:
8997:
8992:
8987:
8982:
8977:
8972:
8967:
8962:
8957:
8952:
8947:
8942:
8937:
8932:
8927:
8922:
8917:
8912:
8905:
8900:
8893:
8888:
8883:
8878:
8873:
8868:
8863:
8858:
8853:
8848:
8843:
8838:
8833:
8828:
8823:
8818:
8813:
8808:
8803:
8798:
8793:
8788:
8783:
8778:
8773:
8768:
8763:
8757:
8752:
8747:
8742:
8737:
8731:
8729:
8721:
8720:
8718:
8717:
8712:
8707:
8702:
8697:
8692:
8687:
8682:
8677:
8672:
8667:
8662:
8657:
8652:
8647:
8642:
8637:
8632:
8627:
8622:
8617:
8612:
8607:
8602:
8597:
8592:
8587:
8582:
8577:
8572:
8567:
8562:
8557:
8552:
8547:
8542:
8537:
8532:
8527:
8522:
8517:
8512:
8507:
8502:
8496:
8494:
8486:
8485:
8478:
8477:
8470:
8463:
8455:
8449:
8446:
8445:
8434:
8433:
8428:
8419:Duke of Albany
8415:
8410:
8406:
8405:
8397:
8392:
8383:
8375:
8369:
8368:
8362:
8361:
8348:
8343:
8339:
8338:
8333:
8330:
8321:
8316:
8312:
8311:
8310:Regnal titles
8307:
8306:
8286:
8283:
8278:
8277:
8268:
8253:
8244:
8235:
8221:
8220:at BBC History
8218:James I and VI
8215:
8206:
8200:James VI and I
8195:
8194:External links
8192:
8190:
8189:
8177:10.1086/664955
8171:(3): 540â567.
8160:
8151:
8131:Wormald, Jenny
8127:
8113:
8100:
8086:
8077:
8073:(2): 151â163.
8064:
8050:
8036:
8023:
8019:vol. 3 ch. 17
8010:
8000:
7986:
7969:
7963:
7947:
7941:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7919:
7894:Wormald, Jenny
7890:
7885:
7869:
7864:
7849:
7843:
7823:
7815:, ed. (1827),
7809:
7804:
7791:
7786:
7776:Stuart England
7769:
7764:
7751:
7746:
7730:
7725:
7709:
7704:
7691:
7686:
7673:
7668:
7655:
7650:
7637:
7632:
7619:
7614:
7601:
7596:
7588:James VI and I
7583:
7578:
7566:Lockyer, Roger
7562:
7557:
7544:
7531:
7526:
7513:
7508:
7493:
7481:
7476:
7460:
7455:
7439:
7434:
7421:
7416:
7398:
7393:
7375:
7369:
7355:Croft, Pauline
7351:
7346:
7333:
7328:
7315:
7310:
7297:
7292:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7268:
7256:
7254:, p. 456.
7246:, p. 55;
7236:
7234:, p. 452.
7230:, p. 27;
7220:
7200:
7188:
7161:
7147:
7145:, pp. 159â160.
7123:
7111:
7086:
7061:
7042:
7030:
7018:
7006:
6989:
6973:
6961:
6959:, p. 146.
6949:
6947:, p. 129.
6937:
6913:
6911:, p. 130.
6901:
6886:
6857:
6837:
6821:
6808:
6784:
6764:
6762:, p. 425.
6752:
6750:, p. 379.
6740:
6728:
6726:, p. 397.
6712:
6700:
6688:
6686:, p. 342.
6676:
6674:, p. 145.
6664:
6662:, p. 146.
6648:
6646:, p. 120.
6636:
6616:
6604:
6592:
6590:, p. 269.
6580:
6561:Dabiri, Emma.
6553:
6546:
6528:
6516:Ackroyd, Peter
6507:
6500:
6475:
6454:
6442:
6428:
6408:
6388:Norton, Rictor
6379:
6372:
6347:
6340:
6321:
6295:
6280:
6265:
6233:
6215:
6201:
6183:
6164:
6162:, p. 167.
6152:
6150:, p. 320.
6132:
6130:, p. 164.
6120:
6108:
6106:, p. 157.
6093:
6086:
6054:
6052:, p. 158.
6042:
6018:
6016:, p. 201.
6006:
5990:
5988:, p. 162.
5978:
5976:, p. 228.
5966:
5964:, p. 225.
5954:
5942:
5940:, p. 195.
5926:
5914:
5902:
5882:
5866:
5864:, p. 243.
5854:
5841:
5839:, p. 422.
5829:
5827:, p. 421.
5817:
5815:, p. 417.
5801:
5789:
5777:
5761:
5749:
5745:Stuart England
5733:
5721:
5709:
5707:, p. 409.
5697:
5695:, p. 348.
5691:, p. 93;
5681:
5679:, p. 267.
5671:, p. 80;
5661:
5649:
5636:
5624:
5576:
5564:
5562:, p. 219.
5552:
5550:, p. 118.
5540:
5528:
5522:, p. 67;
5512:
5500:
5498:, p. 250.
5488:
5476:
5461:
5459:, p. 156.
5449:
5447:, p. 156.
5433:
5412:
5400:
5398:, p. 173.
5388:
5386:, p. 165.
5372:
5370:, p. 169.
5360:
5348:
5332:
5330:, p. 158.
5320:
5305:
5289:
5277:
5265:
5252:
5239:
5237:, p. 137.
5227:
5225:, p. 125.
5215:
5207:Jack, R. D. S.
5199:
5180:Jack, R. D. S.
5171:
5159:
5157:, p. 132.
5146:
5144:, p. 133.
5134:
5114:
5112:, p. 133.
5102:
5090:
5073:
5071:, p. 321.
5058:
5042:
5038:MacKinnon 1991
5030:
5028:, p. 176.
5018:
5002:
4986:
4984:, p. 175.
4974:
4962:
4960:, p. 174.
4950:
4938:
4936:, p. 309.
4922:
4916:, p. 21;
4912:, p. 27;
4902:
4890:
4888:, p. 556.
4875:
4816:
4814:, p. 103.
4804:
4792:
4790:, p. 101.
4775:
4763:
4748:
4733:
4721:
4709:
4697:
4682:
4670:
4654:
4642:
4624:, p. 45;
4614:
4598:
4582:
4570:
4554:
4541:
4525:
4513:
4497:
4485:
4469:
4454:
4436:
4420:
4405:
4399:, p. 45;
4389:
4377:
4365:
4361:vol. 2, p. 120
4345:
4333:
4321:
4309:
4297:
4291:, p. 33;
4281:
4268:
4252:
4240:
4228:
4216:
4212:Donaldson 1974
4204:
4192:
4179:
4163:
4147:
4135:
4115:
4091:
4088:. p. 737.
4072:, ed. (2011).
4058:
4038:
4026:
4024:, p. 155.
4013:
4011:
4008:
4005:
4004:
3991:
3982:
3972:
3957:
3940:
3931:
3916:
3907:
3894:
3885:
3876:
3849:
3840:
3831:
3822:
3812:
3797:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3775:
3769:
3763:
3755:
3747:
3739:
3738:
3737:
3732:
3726:
3720:
3706:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3684:
3670:
3667:
3663:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3634:
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3629:
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3626:
3623:
3622:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3609:
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3604:
3602:
3599:
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3596:
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3592:
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3530:
3528:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3499:Margaret Tudor
3495:
3492:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3444:
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3437:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3403:James VI and I
3399:
3396:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3377:Margaret Tudor
3373:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3291:
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3287:
3285:
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3259:
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3201:
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3119:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3091:Queen of Scots
3084:
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3079:
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2887:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2864:
2862:
2857:
2855:
2853:Margaret Tudor
2850:
2848:
2846:
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2842:
2840:
2830:
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2827:
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2744:
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2731:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2718:House of Tudor
2714:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2698:
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2601:
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2591:
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2587:
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2581:
2579:
2576:
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2568:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2543:
2542:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2524:
2518:
2512:
2502:
2496:
2486:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2426:
2417:
2361:Beati pacifici
2267:
2264:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2191:Anthony Weldon
2160:personal union
2150:, in 1607 and
2133:Earl of Kellie
2109:
2106:
2030:Daniël Mijtens
2021:
2018:
1923:
1922:
1913:
1912:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1895:Main article:
1892:
1889:
1814:Main article:
1811:
1808:
1733:Paul van Somer
1710:Main article:
1707:
1704:
1692:Great Contract
1674:Main article:
1671:
1668:
1653:Gunpowder Plot
1651:Main article:
1648:
1647:Gunpowder Plot
1645:
1637:a peace treaty
1617:personal union
1610:Lord Treasurer
1606:Earl of Dorset
1594:Thomas Egerton
1571:Walter Raleigh
1527:Main article:
1524:
1521:
1517:war in Ireland
1481:âmaintained a
1445:Main article:
1442:
1439:
1411:William Fowler
1407:Castalian Band
1377:
1374:
1312:
1309:
1293:Northern Isles
1202:
1199:
1137:
1134:
1109:, who died of
1071:proxy marriage
1034:
1031:
1023:Spanish Armada
967:Ruthven Castle
926:
923:
914:Earl of Lennox
895:James Melville
791:
788:
760:Duke of Albany
663:Margaret Tudor
634:
631:
629:
626:
618:religious wars
610:Anthony Weldon
546:Gunpowder Plot
468:personal union
424:James VI and I
419:
418:
411:
407:
406:
401:
397:
396:
391:
387:
386:
381:
375:
374:
371:
370:
366:
365:
357:
356:
354:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
317:
315:
301:
300:
281:
277:
272:
271:
269:
265:
264:
259:
255:
251:
250:
239:
235:
234:
223:
219:
218:
215:
214:
212:
211:
205:
199:
193:
179:
178:
177:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
147:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
123:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
93:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
69:
59:
58:
45:
37:
36:
35:James VI and I
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13923:
13912:
13909:
13907:
13904:
13902:
13899:
13897:
13894:
13892:
13889:
13887:
13884:
13882:
13879:
13877:
13874:
13872:
13869:
13867:
13864:
13862:
13859:
13857:
13854:
13852:
13849:
13847:
13844:
13842:
13839:
13837:
13834:
13832:
13829:
13827:
13824:
13822:
13819:
13817:
13816:Demonologists
13814:
13812:
13809:
13807:
13804:
13802:
13799:
13797:
13794:
13792:
13789:
13787:
13784:
13782:
13779:
13777:
13774:
13772:
13769:
13767:
13764:
13762:
13759:
13757:
13754:
13752:
13749:
13747:
13744:
13743:
13741:
13720:
13717:
13714:
13711:
13709:
13706:
13704:
13703:Bonfire Night
13701:
13699:
13696:
13694:
13691:
13689:
13686:
13685:
13683:
13679:
13673:
13670:
13668:
13667:Everard Digby
13665:
13663:
13660:
13658:
13655:
13653:
13650:
13648:
13645:
13643:
13640:
13638:
13635:
13634:
13632:
13628:
13622:
13619:
13617:
13614:
13612:
13609:
13607:
13604:
13602:
13599:
13598:
13596:
13592:
13588:
13581:
13576:
13574:
13569:
13567:
13562:
13561:
13558:
13546:
13543:
13542:
13539:
13533:
13532:
13528:
13526:
13523:
13521:
13518:
13516:
13513:
13511:
13508:
13506:
13503:
13501:
13498:
13496:
13493:
13489:
13486:
13484:
13481:
13479:
13476:
13475:
13474:
13471:
13469:
13466:
13464:
13461:
13459:
13456:
13454:
13451:
13449:
13448:Jurisprudence
13446:
13444:
13441:
13439:
13436:
13434:
13431:
13429:
13426:
13424:
13421:
13419:
13416:
13414:
13411:
13409:
13406:
13404:
13401:
13399:
13396:
13395:
13393:
13389:
13380:
13379:
13375:
13370:
13369:
13365:
13360:
13359:
13355:
13350:
13349:
13345:
13340:
13339:
13335:
13330:
13329:
13325:
13320:
13319:
13315:
13310:
13309:
13305:
13300:
13299:
13295:
13290:
13289:
13285:
13280:
13279:
13278:Rights of Man
13275:
13270:
13269:
13265:
13260:
13259:
13255:
13250:
13249:
13245:
13240:
13239:
13235:
13230:
13229:
13225:
13220:
13219:
13215:
13210:
13209:
13205:
13200:
13199:
13195:
13190:
13189:
13188:De re publica
13185:
13180:
13179:
13175:
13170:
13169:
13165:
13164:
13162:
13158:
13148:
13145:
13143:
13140:
13138:
13135:
13133:
13130:
13128:
13125:
13123:
13120:
13118:
13115:
13113:
13110:
13108:
13105:
13103:
13100:
13098:
13095:
13093:
13090:
13088:
13085:
13083:
13080:
13078:
13075:
13073:
13070:
13068:
13065:
13063:
13060:
13058:
13055:
13053:
13050:
13048:
13045:
13043:
13040:
13038:
13035:
13033:
13030:
13028:
13025:
13023:
13020:
13018:
13015:
13013:
13010:
13008:
13005:
13003:
13000:
12998:
12995:
12993:
12990:
12988:
12985:
12983:
12980:
12978:
12975:
12973:
12970:
12968:
12965:
12963:
12960:
12958:
12955:
12953:
12950:
12948:
12945:
12943:
12940:
12938:
12935:
12933:
12930:
12928:
12925:
12923:
12920:
12918:
12915:
12913:
12910:
12908:
12905:
12903:
12900:
12898:
12895:
12893:
12890:
12888:
12885:
12883:
12880:
12878:
12875:
12873:
12870:
12868:
12865:
12863:
12860:
12858:
12855:
12853:
12850:
12848:
12845:
12843:
12840:
12838:
12835:
12833:
12830:
12828:
12825:
12823:
12820:
12818:
12815:
12814:
12812:
12808:20th and 21st
12806:
12800:
12797:
12795:
12792:
12790:
12787:
12785:
12782:
12780:
12777:
12775:
12772:
12770:
12767:
12765:
12762:
12760:
12757:
12755:
12752:
12750:
12747:
12745:
12742:
12740:
12737:
12735:
12732:
12730:
12727:
12725:
12722:
12720:
12717:
12715:
12712:
12710:
12707:
12705:
12702:
12700:
12697:
12695:
12692:
12690:
12687:
12685:
12682:
12678:
12675:
12674:
12673:
12670:
12668:
12665:
12661:
12658:
12657:
12656:
12653:
12651:
12648:
12646:
12643:
12641:
12638:
12636:
12633:
12631:
12628:
12626:
12623:
12621:
12618:
12616:
12613:
12611:
12608:
12606:
12603:
12601:
12598:
12596:
12593:
12591:
12588:
12586:
12583:
12581:
12578:
12576:
12573:
12571:
12568:
12566:
12563:
12561:
12558:
12556:
12553:
12551:
12548:
12547:
12545:
12541:18th and 19th
12539:
12533:
12530:
12528:
12525:
12523:
12520:
12518:
12515:
12513:
12510:
12508:
12505:
12503:
12500:
12498:
12495:
12493:
12490:
12488:
12485:
12483:
12480:
12476:
12473:
12472:
12471:
12468:
12466:
12463:
12461:
12458:
12456:
12453:
12451:
12448:
12446:
12443:
12441:
12438:
12436:
12433:
12431:
12428:
12427:
12425:
12419:
12413:
12410:
12408:
12405:
12403:
12400:
12398:
12397:Nizam al-Mulk
12395:
12393:
12390:
12388:
12385:
12383:
12380:
12378:
12375:
12373:
12370:
12368:
12365:
12363:
12360:
12358:
12355:
12353:
12350:
12348:
12345:
12344:
12342:
12338:
12332:
12329:
12327:
12324:
12322:
12319:
12317:
12314:
12312:
12309:
12305:
12302:
12301:
12300:
12297:
12295:
12292:
12290:
12287:
12285:
12282:
12280:
12277:
12275:
12272:
12270:
12267:
12265:
12262:
12260:
12257:
12256:
12254:
12250:
12247:
12245:
12241:
12235:
12232:
12230:
12227:
12225:
12222:
12220:
12217:
12215:
12212:
12210:
12207:
12205:
12202:
12200:
12197:
12195:
12192:
12189:
12188:
12183:
12181:
12178:
12176:
12173:
12171:
12168:
12166:
12163:
12161:
12158:
12156:
12153:
12151:
12148:
12146:
12143:
12141:
12138:
12136:
12133:
12131:
12128:
12125:
12124:
12119:
12117:
12114:
12113:
12111:
12107:
12101:
12098:
12096:
12093:
12091:
12088:
12086:
12083:
12081:
12080:Republicanism
12078:
12076:
12073:
12071:
12068:
12066:
12063:
12061:
12058:
12056:
12053:
12051:
12048:
12046:
12043:
12041:
12038:
12036:
12033:
12031:
12028:
12026:
12023:
12021:
12018:
12016:
12013:
12011:
12008:
12006:
12003:
12001:
11998:
11996:
11993:
11991:
11988:
11986:
11983:
11981:
11978:
11976:
11973:
11971:
11968:
11966:
11963:
11961:
11958:
11956:
11953:
11951:
11948:
11947:
11945:
11941:
11935:
11932:
11930:
11927:
11925:
11922:
11920:
11917:
11915:
11912:
11910:
11907:
11905:
11902:
11900:
11897:
11895:
11892:
11890:
11887:
11885:
11882:
11880:
11877:
11876:
11874:
11870:
11864:
11861:
11859:
11856:
11854:
11851:
11849:
11846:
11844:
11841:
11839:
11836:
11834:
11831:
11829:
11826:
11824:
11821:
11819:
11816:
11814:
11811:
11809:
11806:
11804:
11801:
11799:
11796:
11794:
11791:
11789:
11786:
11784:
11781:
11779:
11776:
11774:
11771:
11769:
11766:
11764:
11761:
11759:
11756:
11754:
11751:
11749:
11746:
11744:
11741:
11739:
11736:
11734:
11731:
11729:
11726:
11724:
11721:
11719:
11716:
11714:
11711:
11709:
11706:
11705:
11703:
11699:
11695:
11688:
11683:
11681:
11676:
11674:
11669:
11668:
11665:
11655:
11650:
11643:
11637:
11634:
11632:
11629:
11627:
11624:
11622:
11619:
11617:
11614:
11612:
11609:
11607:
11604:
11602:
11599:
11597:
11594:
11593:
11591:
11587:
11581:
11577:
11573:
11570:
11568:
11567:
11563:
11561:
11558:
11556:
11553:
11551:
11547:
11544:
11542:
11539:
11535:
11532:
11530:
11527:
11525:
11522:
11520:
11517:
11515:
11512:
11510:
11507:
11506:
11505:
11504:
11500:
11499:
11497:
11495:
11491:
11487:
11481:
11478:
11476:
11473:
11471:
11468:
11466:
11463:
11461:
11458:
11456:
11455:
11451:
11447:
11444:
11442:
11439:
11437:
11434:
11433:
11432:
11429:
11428:
11426:
11424:
11420:
11414:
11413:Modern Church
11411:
11409:
11406:
11404:
11401:
11399:
11396:
11394:
11391:
11389:
11386:
11384:
11381:
11379:
11378:
11374:
11372:
11369:
11367:
11364:
11362:
11359:
11357:
11354:
11352:
11349:
11347:
11344:
11342:
11339:
11337:
11334:
11332:
11329:
11327:
11324:
11322:
11319:
11317:
11314:
11312:
11309:
11307:
11304:
11302:
11299:
11297:
11294:
11292:
11289:
11287:
11284:
11282:
11279:
11277:
11274:
11270:
11267:
11265:
11262:
11261:
11260:
11257:
11256:
11254:
11252:
11248:
11243:
11233:
11230:
11228:
11225:
11223:
11220:
11218:
11215:
11214:
11212:
11210:
11206:
11202:
11195:
11190:
11188:
11183:
11181:
11176:
11175:
11172:
11160:
11157:
11155:
11152:
11150:
11147:
11145:
11142:
11141:
11139:
11135:
11131:
11125:
11124:William Neill
11122:
11120:
11117:
11115:
11112:
11110:
11107:
11105:
11102:
11100:
11097:
11095:
11092:
11090:
11087:
11085:
11082:
11080:
11077:
11075:
11072:
11070:
11067:
11065:
11062:
11061:
11059:
11055:
11049:
11046:
11044:
11041:
11039:
11036:
11034:
11031:
11029:
11026:
11024:
11021:
11019:
11016:
11014:
11011:
11009:
11006:
11004:
11001:
10999:
10996:
10994:
10991:
10989:
10986:
10985:
10983:
10979:
10973:
10970:
10968:
10965:
10963:
10960:
10958:
10957:David Lyndsay
10955:
10953:
10952:Gavin Douglas
10950:
10948:
10945:
10943:
10940:
10938:
10935:
10933:
10930:
10929:
10927:
10923:
10917:
10914:
10912:
10909:
10907:
10904:
10902:
10899:
10897:
10894:
10892:
10889:
10888:
10886:
10882:
10878:
10871:
10866:
10864:
10859:
10857:
10852:
10851:
10848:
10838:
10837:
10831:
10821:
10818:
10816:
10813:
10812:
10810:
10806:
10800:
10797:
10795:
10792:
10790:
10787:
10785:
10782:
10780:
10777:
10775:
10772:
10770:
10767:
10765:
10762:
10761:
10759:
10755:
10749:
10746:
10744:
10741:
10738:
10736:
10733:
10731:
10728:
10726:
10723:
10721:
10718:
10716:
10713:
10710:
10709:
10707:
10703:
10697:
10694:
10692:
10689:
10687:
10684:
10682:
10679:
10677:
10674:
10672:
10669:
10667:
10664:
10663:
10661:
10657:
10651:
10648:
10647:
10645:
10641:
10635:
10632:
10629:
10627:
10624:
10623:
10621:
10617:
10611:
10608:
10606:
10603:
10601:
10598:
10596:
10593:
10592:
10590:
10586:
10580:
10577:
10575:
10572:
10570:
10567:
10566:
10564:
10560:
10554:
10551:
10549:
10546:
10544:
10541:
10539:
10536:
10534:
10531:
10529:
10526:
10525:
10523:
10519:
10513:
10510:
10508:
10505:
10503:
10500:
10498:
10495:
10493:
10490:
10488:
10485:
10483:
10480:
10478:
10475:
10474:
10472:
10468:
10461:
10459:
10456:
10453:
10451:
10448:
10445:
10443:
10440:
10438:
10435:
10434:
10432:
10428:
10422:
10419:
10417:
10414:
10412:
10409:
10407:
10404:
10402:
10399:
10397:
10394:
10391:
10388:
10386:
10383:
10381:
10378:
10376:
10373:
10371:
10368:
10366:
10363:
10361:
10358:
10357:
10355:
10351:
10346:
10340:
10337:
10331:
10325:
10322:
10320:
10317:
10315:
10312:
10309:
10307:
10304:
10303:
10301:
10297:
10291:
10288:
10286:
10285:Earl of March
10283:
10281:
10278:
10276:
10275:Earl of Moray
10273:
10271:
10268:
10265:
10263:
10260:
10258:
10255:
10253:
10250:
10248:
10245:
10243:
10240:
10238:
10235:
10233:
10230:
10229:
10227:
10223:
10219:
10212:
10207:
10205:
10200:
10198:
10193:
10192:
10189:
10179:
10173:
10166:
10163:
10160:
10157:
10155:
10153:
10149:
10147:
10145:
10141:
10139:
10137:
10133:
10130:
10127:
10124:
10121:
10118:
10115:
10112:
10109:
10106:
10103:
10100:
10097:
10094:
10091:
10088:
10085:
10082:
10081:
10078:
10074:
10067:
10062:
10060:
10055:
10053:
10048:
10047:
10044:
10021:
10018:
10015:
10013:
10010:
10007:
10005:
10002:
9999:
9997:
9994:
9991:
9989:
9986:
9985:Albert Edward
9983:
9981:
9978:
9975:
9973:
9970:
9967:
9965:
9962:
9959:
9957:
9954:
9951:
9949:
9946:
9943:
9941:
9937:
9935:
9932:
9929:
9927:
9924:
9921:
9919:
9916:
9913:
9911:
9908:
9905:
9903:
9900:
9897:
9895:
9891:
9889:
9885:
9883:
9880:
9877:
9875:
9872:
9869:
9867:
9864:
9861:
9859:
9856:
9853:
9851:
9848:
9845:
9843:
9840:
9837:
9836:
9833:
9829:
9822:
9817:
9815:
9810:
9808:
9803:
9802:
9799:
9787:
9784:
9783:
9780:
9770:
9767:
9765:
9762:
9760:
9757:
9755:
9752:
9750:
9747:
9745:
9742:
9740:
9737:
9735:
9732:
9730:
9727:
9725:
9722:
9720:
9717:
9715:
9712:
9710:
9707:
9706:
9703:
9697:
9696:
9691:
9690:
9687:
9683:
9673:
9670:
9668:
9664:
9661:
9659:
9656:
9654:
9651:
9647:
9644:
9642:
9639:
9638:
9637:
9634:
9632:
9629:
9627:
9624:
9623:
9620:
9614:
9612:
9607:
9606:
9603:
9599:
9584:
9581:
9579:
9576:
9574:
9571:
9569:
9566:
9564:
9561:
9559:
9556:
9554:
9551:
9549:
9546:
9544:
9541:
9539:
9538:
9534:
9532:
9529:
9527:
9524:
9522:
9519:
9517:
9516:
9512:
9510:
9509:Alexander III
9507:
9505:
9502:
9500:
9497:
9495:
9492:
9490:
9487:
9485:
9482:
9480:
9477:
9475:
9472:
9470:
9467:
9465:
9462:
9460:
9457:
9455:
9452:
9450:
9447:
9445:
9442:
9440:
9437:
9435:
9432:
9430:
9427:
9425:
9424:
9420:
9418:
9415:
9413:
9410:
9408:
9405:
9403:
9400:
9398:
9395:
9393:
9390:
9388:
9387:
9383:
9381:
9380:
9376:
9374:
9373:
9369:
9367:
9366:
9365:Constantine I
9362:
9360:
9359:
9355:
9353:
9352:
9348:
9347:
9345:
9340:
9337:
9335:
9334:
9329:
9326:
9324:
9323:
9319:
9317:
9314:
9312:
9309:
9307:
9304:
9302:
9299:
9297:
9294:
9292:
9289:
9287:
9284:
9282:
9279:
9277:
9274:
9272:
9269:
9267:
9264:
9262:
9259:
9257:
9254:
9252:
9249:
9247:
9246:
9242:
9240:
9237:
9235:
9232:
9230:
9229:
9225:
9223:
9220:
9218:
9217:
9213:
9211:
9208:
9206:
9203:
9201:
9198:
9196:
9193:
9191:
9190:
9186:
9184:
9181:
9179:
9176:
9174:
9171:
9169:
9166:
9164:
9161:
9159:
9156:
9154:
9153:
9149:
9147:
9144:
9142:
9139:
9137:
9134:
9132:
9129:
9127:
9124:
9122:
9119:
9117:
9114:
9112:
9111:
9107:
9105:
9104:
9100:
9098:
9097:
9093:
9092:
9090:
9089:
9085:
9082:
9081:
9076:
9072:
9067:
9063:
9059:
9052:
9047:
9045:
9040:
9038:
9033:
9032:
9029:
9015:
9011:
9006:
9005:
9002:
8996:
8993:
8991:
8988:
8986:
8983:
8981:
8978:
8976:
8973:
8971:
8968:
8966:
8963:
8961:
8958:
8956:
8953:
8951:
8948:
8946:
8943:
8941:
8938:
8936:
8933:
8931:
8928:
8926:
8923:
8921:
8918:
8916:
8913:
8911:
8910:
8906:
8904:
8901:
8899:
8898:
8894:
8892:
8889:
8887:
8886:Alexander III
8884:
8882:
8879:
8877:
8874:
8872:
8869:
8867:
8864:
8862:
8859:
8857:
8854:
8852:
8849:
8847:
8844:
8842:
8839:
8837:
8834:
8832:
8829:
8827:
8824:
8822:
8819:
8817:
8814:
8812:
8809:
8807:
8804:
8802:
8799:
8797:
8794:
8792:
8789:
8787:
8784:
8782:
8779:
8777:
8774:
8772:
8769:
8767:
8764:
8761:
8758:
8756:
8753:
8751:
8748:
8746:
8743:
8741:
8738:
8736:
8733:
8732:
8730:
8728:
8727:(traditional)
8722:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8708:
8706:
8703:
8701:
8698:
8696:
8693:
8691:
8688:
8686:
8683:
8681:
8678:
8676:
8673:
8671:
8668:
8666:
8663:
8661:
8658:
8656:
8653:
8651:
8648:
8646:
8643:
8641:
8638:
8636:
8633:
8631:
8628:
8626:
8623:
8621:
8618:
8616:
8613:
8611:
8608:
8606:
8603:
8601:
8598:
8596:
8593:
8591:
8588:
8586:
8583:
8581:
8578:
8576:
8573:
8571:
8568:
8566:
8563:
8561:
8558:
8556:
8553:
8551:
8548:
8546:
8543:
8541:
8538:
8536:
8533:
8531:
8528:
8526:
8523:
8521:
8520:Galan Erilich
8518:
8516:
8513:
8511:
8508:
8506:
8503:
8501:
8498:
8497:
8495:
8493:
8492:(traditional)
8487:
8483:
8476:
8471:
8469:
8464:
8462:
8457:
8456:
8453:
8447:
8440:
8432:
8429:
8425:
8421:
8420:
8413:
8407:
8404:
8403:
8396:
8389:
8388:
8382:
8381:
8374:
8370:
8367:
8363:
8358:
8357:
8353:
8346:
8340:
8336:
8327:
8326:
8319:
8313:
8308:
8304:27 March 1625
8303:
8296:
8291:
8290:
8281:
8276:
8272:
8269:
8261:
8257:
8254:
8252:
8248:
8245:
8243:
8239:
8236:
8233:
8229:
8225:
8222:
8219:
8216:
8214:
8210:
8207:
8205:
8201:
8198:
8197:
8186:
8182:
8178:
8174:
8170:
8166:
8161:
8157:
8152:
8148:
8144:
8140:
8136:
8132:
8128:
8126:
8122:
8118:
8114:
8112:
8109:(2): 114â134
8108:
8105:
8101:
8099:
8098:0-0494-2177-8
8095:
8091:
8087:
8085:
8082:
8078:
8076:
8072:
8069:
8065:
8063:
8062:0-5823-5208-8
8059:
8055:
8051:
8049:
8048:0-6740-5290-0
8045:
8041:
8037:
8034:
8031:
8027:
8024:
8022:
8018:
8014:
8011:
8008:
8005:
8001:
7999:
7998:0-4150-7779-6
7995:
7992:. Routledge.
7991:
7987:
7985:
7981:
7977:
7973:
7970:
7966:
7964:0-2977-6775-5
7960:
7956:
7952:
7948:
7944:
7942:0-6897-0003-2
7938:
7934:
7929:
7928:
7916:
7909:
7905:
7901:
7900:
7895:
7891:
7888:
7882:
7878:
7874:
7870:
7867:
7861:
7857:
7856:
7850:
7846:
7840:
7836:
7832:
7828:
7824:
7820:
7819:
7814:
7810:
7807:
7801:
7797:
7792:
7789:
7783:
7780:, Routledge,
7778:
7777:
7770:
7767:
7761:
7757:
7752:
7749:
7743:
7739:
7735:
7731:
7728:
7722:
7718:
7714:
7713:Schama, Simon
7710:
7707:
7701:
7697:
7692:
7689:
7683:
7679:
7674:
7671:
7665:
7661:
7656:
7653:
7647:
7643:
7638:
7635:
7629:
7625:
7620:
7617:
7611:
7607:
7602:
7599:
7593:
7589:
7584:
7581:
7575:
7571:
7567:
7563:
7560:
7554:
7551:, Routledge,
7550:
7545:
7541:
7537:
7532:
7529:
7523:
7519:
7514:
7511:
7505:
7501:
7500:
7494:
7490:
7486:
7482:
7479:
7473:
7469:
7465:
7464:Hunter, James
7461:
7458:
7452:
7448:
7444:
7440:
7437:
7431:
7427:
7422:
7419:
7413:
7409:
7408:
7403:
7399:
7396:
7390:
7386:
7385:
7380:
7376:
7372:
7366:
7362:
7361:
7356:
7352:
7349:
7343:
7339:
7334:
7331:
7325:
7321:
7316:
7313:
7307:
7303:
7298:
7295:
7289:
7285:
7284:
7278:
7277:
7265:
7264:Warnicke 2006
7260:
7253:
7249:
7245:
7240:
7233:
7229:
7224:
7217:
7213:
7209:
7204:
7197:
7192:
7185:
7184:0-7232-2096-4
7181:
7177:
7173:
7168:
7166:
7156:
7154:
7152:
7144:
7143:0-9004-5525-X
7140:
7136:
7132:
7127:
7120:
7115:
7099:
7098:
7090:
7074:
7073:
7065:
7057:
7053:
7046:
7039:
7034:
7027:
7022:
7015:
7010:
7004:, p. 44.
7003:
6999:
6993:
6986:
6982:
6977:
6971:, p. 67.
6970:
6965:
6958:
6953:
6946:
6941:
6934:
6930:
6926:
6922:
6917:
6910:
6905:
6897:
6890:
6875:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6854:
6850:
6846:
6841:
6834:
6830:
6825:
6818:
6812:
6805:
6804:0-5930-4148-8
6801:
6797:
6793:
6788:
6781:
6777:
6773:
6768:
6761:
6756:
6749:
6744:
6737:
6732:
6725:
6721:
6716:
6709:
6704:
6698:, p. 91.
6697:
6692:
6685:
6680:
6673:
6668:
6661:
6657:
6652:
6645:
6640:
6633:
6629:
6628:Francis Bacon
6625:
6620:
6613:
6608:
6601:
6596:
6589:
6584:
6568:
6564:
6557:
6549:
6547:1-8528-5432-4
6543:
6539:
6531:
6525:
6521:
6517:
6511:
6503:
6501:0-8223-1385-5
6497:
6493:
6489:
6485:
6478:
6476:0-2260-7180-4
6472:
6468:
6464:
6458:
6452:, p. 22.
6451:
6446:
6431:
6425:
6421:
6420:
6412:
6397:
6393:
6389:
6383:
6375:
6373:0-7126-7448-9
6369:
6365:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6343:
6337:
6333:
6325:
6310:
6306:
6299:
6291:
6284:
6276:
6269:
6261:
6255:
6251:
6247:
6243:
6237:
6229:
6225:
6219:
6212:
6208:
6204:
6198:
6194:
6187:
6180:
6176:
6171:
6169:
6161:
6156:
6149:
6145:
6141:
6136:
6129:
6124:
6117:
6112:
6105:
6100:
6098:
6089:
6083:
6079:
6075:
6071:
6070:
6065:
6058:
6051:
6046:
6039:
6035:
6031:
6027:
6022:
6015:
6010:
6003:
5999:
5994:
5987:
5982:
5975:
5970:
5963:
5958:
5951:
5946:
5939:
5935:
5930:
5923:
5918:
5911:
5906:
5900:, p. 64.
5899:
5895:
5891:
5890:Cogswell 2005
5886:
5879:
5875:
5870:
5863:
5858:
5851:
5845:
5838:
5833:
5826:
5821:
5814:
5810:
5805:
5798:
5793:
5786:
5781:
5774:
5770:
5765:
5758:
5753:
5746:
5742:
5741:Kenyon, J. P.
5737:
5731:, p. 59.
5730:
5725:
5718:
5713:
5706:
5701:
5694:
5690:
5685:
5678:
5674:
5670:
5665:
5658:
5653:
5647:, p. 62.
5646:
5640:
5634:, p. 63.
5633:
5628:
5620:
5605:
5601:
5597:
5596:
5590:
5589:
5580:
5574:, p. 64.
5573:
5568:
5561:
5556:
5549:
5544:
5537:
5532:
5525:
5521:
5516:
5509:
5504:
5497:
5492:
5485:
5480:
5473:
5468:
5466:
5458:
5453:
5446:
5442:
5437:
5431:, p. 51.
5430:
5425:
5423:
5421:
5419:
5417:
5409:
5404:
5397:
5392:
5385:
5381:
5376:
5369:
5364:
5358:, p. 50.
5357:
5352:
5345:
5341:
5336:
5329:
5324:
5318:, p. 49.
5317:
5312:
5310:
5302:
5298:
5293:
5287:, p. 48.
5286:
5281:
5274:
5269:
5262:
5256:
5249:
5243:
5236:
5231:
5224:
5219:
5212:
5208:
5203:
5196:
5192:
5188:
5185:
5181:
5175:
5168:
5163:
5156:
5150:
5143:
5138:
5131:
5127:
5123:
5118:
5111:
5106:
5099:
5094:
5087:
5083:
5077:
5070:
5065:
5063:
5056:, p. 179
5055:
5051:
5046:
5040:, p. 46.
5039:
5034:
5027:
5022:
5015:
5011:
5006:
5000:, p. 175
4999:
4995:
4994:Thompson 1968
4990:
4983:
4978:
4971:
4970:Thompson 1968
4966:
4959:
4954:
4947:
4942:
4935:
4931:
4926:
4919:
4915:
4911:
4906:
4899:
4894:
4887:
4882:
4880:
4871:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4820:
4813:
4808:
4802:, p. 26.
4801:
4796:
4789:
4784:
4782:
4780:
4772:
4767:
4759:
4752:
4744:
4737:
4730:
4725:
4719:, p. 85.
4718:
4713:
4706:
4701:
4693:
4686:
4680:, p. 23.
4679:
4674:
4668:, p. 52.
4667:
4663:
4658:
4652:, p. 22.
4651:
4646:
4639:
4635:
4634:Williams 1970
4631:
4627:
4623:
4618:
4611:
4607:
4602:
4595:
4591:
4586:
4580:, p. 20.
4579:
4574:
4567:
4563:
4558:
4551:
4545:
4538:
4534:
4529:
4523:, p. 66.
4522:
4517:
4511:, p. 35.
4510:
4506:
4501:
4495:, p. 63.
4494:
4489:
4482:
4478:
4473:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4451:
4447:
4440:
4433:
4429:
4424:
4418:, p. 15.
4417:
4412:
4410:
4402:
4398:
4393:
4386:
4381:
4375:, p. 13.
4374:
4369:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4349:
4342:
4337:
4330:
4325:
4319:, p. 19.
4318:
4313:
4307:, p. 11.
4306:
4301:
4295:, p. 18.
4294:
4290:
4285:
4278:
4272:
4266:, p. 19.
4265:
4261:
4256:
4250:, p. 18.
4249:
4244:
4237:
4232:
4225:
4220:
4214:, p. 99.
4213:
4208:
4202:, p. 17.
4201:
4196:
4189:
4186:Joseph Bain,
4183:
4177:, p. 16.
4176:
4172:
4167:
4161:, p. 13.
4160:
4156:
4151:
4144:
4139:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4119:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4095:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4065:
4063:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4042:
4035:
4030:
4023:
4018:
4014:
4001:
4000:Michael Lynch
3995:
3986:
3976:
3968:
3961:
3954:
3950:
3949:Thomas Bilson
3944:
3935:
3927:
3920:
3911:
3904:
3898:
3889:
3880:
3873:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3853:
3844:
3835:
3826:
3816:
3808:
3801:
3794:
3788:
3784:
3773:
3770:
3767:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3679:(also called
3678:
3677:
3673:
3672:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3601:
3600:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3588:Mary of Guise
3583:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3566:
3563:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3521:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3504:
3500:
3494:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3480:
3479:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3445:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3414:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3381:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3358:
3357:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3296:
3295:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3194:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3156:
3153:
3139:
3137:
3121:
3116:
3114:
3109:
3106:
3093:
3092:
3085:
3083:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3037:
3036:
3026:
3025:
3015:
3008:
2999:
2998:
2991:
2988:
2980:
2978:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2950:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2930:
2904:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2861:
2854:
2849:
2847:
2839:
2838:
2831:
2828:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2802:
2794:
2792:
2784:
2782:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2741:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2688:
2686:
2669:
2667:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2631:
2630:
2629:King of Scots
2623:
2620:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2600:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2567:
2566:
2565:King of Scots
2559:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2539:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2483:typhoid fever
2480:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2431:
2422:
2413:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2303:fleurs de lys
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2241:
2236:
2234:
2233:Pauline Croft
2229:
2227:
2226:Jenny Wormald
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2206:Arthur Wilson
2203:
2199:
2198:Edward Peyton
2194:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2134:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2105:
2103:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2081:John Williams
2078:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2049:kidney stones
2046:
2042:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2017:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1957:John Oglander
1954:
1949:
1946:
1940:
1930:
1926:
1917:
1908:
1898:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1881:presbyterians
1878:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1844:of 1603, the
1843:
1838:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1807:
1805:
1800:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1746:
1742:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1723:
1722:Spanish match
1719:
1713:
1712:Spanish match
1706:Spanish match
1703:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1687:
1684:
1677:
1667:
1664:
1663:state opening
1660:
1654:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1626:
1625:Francis Bacon
1622:
1618:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1584:
1583:Thomas Howard
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1552:
1548:
1540:
1539:John de Critz
1535:
1530:
1520:
1518:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1506:Thomas Dekker
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1333:
1324:
1323:
1317:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1272:Isle of Lewis
1269:
1260:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1227:GĂ idhealtachd
1221:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1180:Agnes Sampson
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1149:
1148:
1142:
1133:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1111:typhoid fever
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1087:Danish dalers
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1056:
1055:John de Critz
1047:
1039:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
991:
988:
984:
979:
974:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
945:Lennox was a
940:
936:
935:Adrian Vanson
931:
922:
919:
915:
911:
906:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
879:
877:
874:
869:
866:) as James's
865:
861:
860:David Erskine
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
840:Privy Council
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
820:Adam Bothwell
817:
813:
809:
805:
796:
787:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
751:
750:Bastian Pagez
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
690:heir apparent
687:
682:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
644:
639:
625:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
606:
601:
600:1604 revision
597:
593:
589:
588:
583:
582:
577:
576:
571:
570:Francis Bacon
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
416:
412:
408:
405:
402:
398:
395:
392:
388:
385:
382:
380:
376:
367:
362:
358:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
318:
316:
313:
312:
306:
302:
275:
270:
266:
262:
256:
252:
249:
245:
240:
236:
233:
230:, Edinburgh,
229:
224:
220:
216:
209:
206:
203:
200:
197:
194:
191:
188:
187:
183:
176:
172:
169:
166:
162:
159:
156:
152:
148:
146:
142:
136:
132:
127:
122:
118:
115:
112:
108:
105:
102:
98:
94:
92:
88:
82:
78:
73:
68:
64:
60:
49:
48:John de Critz
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
13707:
13642:Thomas Bates
13637:Robert Keyes
13621:Thomas Percy
13529:
13428:Elite theory
13376:
13366:
13356:
13346:
13336:
13326:
13316:
13306:
13296:
13286:
13276:
13266:
13256:
13246:
13236:
13226:
13216:
13206:
13196:
13186:
13176:
13166:
12481:
12465:Guicciardini
12421:Early modern
12244:Philosophers
12194:Open society
12130:Body politic
12000:Distributism
11990:Conservatism
11985:Confucianism
11904:Gerontocracy
11894:Dictatorship
11848:Sovereigntyâ
11838:Ruling class
11728:Emancipation
11713:Citizenshipâ
11580:Broad church
11578: /
11574: /
11564:
11548: /
11541:Anglican Use
11501:
11452:
11375:
11370:
11149:Liz Lochhead
11144:Edwin Morgan
11074:Robert Burns
11064:Allan Ramsay
10997:
10891:John Barbour
10877:Scots makars
10834:
10649:
10150:
10142:
10134:
10129:James Stuart
10117:James Stuart
10116:
10102:John Stewart
10019:
10011:
10003:
9995:
9987:
9979:
9971:
9963:
9955:
9947:
9939:
9933:
9925:
9917:
9914:
9909:
9901:
9893:
9887:
9881:
9873:
9865:
9857:
9849:
9841:
9785:
9764:Elizabeth II
9692:
9625:
9608:
9582:
9535:
9513:
9504:Alexander II
9421:
9384:
9377:
9370:
9363:
9356:
9349:
9331:
9320:
9243:
9226:
9214:
9187:
9150:
9108:
9101:
9094:
8964:
8907:
8895:
8881:Alexander II
8580:Gartnait III
8430:
8424:4th creation
8423:
8417:
8412:Henry Stuart
8400:
8394:
8385:
8378:
8372:
8350:
8323:
8301:
8297:19 June 1566
8294:
8287:
8168:
8164:
8155:
8138:
8134:
8116:
8106:
8103:
8089:
8080:
8070:
8067:
8053:
8039:
8035:(4): 926â952
8032:
8029:
8016:
8009:(2): 169â207
8006:
8003:
7989:
7975:
7954:
7932:
7897:
7876:
7854:
7833:. New York:
7830:
7817:
7795:
7775:
7755:
7737:
7716:
7695:
7677:
7659:
7641:
7623:
7605:
7587:
7569:
7548:
7539:
7536:"John Craig"
7517:
7498:
7488:
7467:
7446:
7425:
7406:
7383:
7359:
7337:
7319:
7301:
7282:
7259:
7252:Willson 1963
7248:Stewart 2003
7239:
7232:Willson 1963
7228:Barroll 2001
7223:
7208:Stewart 2003
7203:
7196:Stewart 2003
7191:
7175:
7134:
7126:
7119:Willson 1963
7114:
7102:, retrieved
7096:
7089:
7077:, retrieved
7071:
7064:
7055:
7045:
7033:
7026:Wormald 2011
7021:
7016:, p. 4.
7014:Lockyer 1998
7009:
7002:Lindley 1993
6998:Commonwealth
6992:
6985:Lockyer 1998
6976:
6964:
6952:
6940:
6921:Stewart 2003
6916:
6904:
6895:
6889:
6877:. Retrieved
6873:
6860:
6853:Willson 1963
6840:
6833:Willson 1963
6824:
6816:
6811:
6795:
6787:
6780:Lockyer 1998
6767:
6760:Willson 1963
6755:
6748:Willson 1963
6743:
6736:Willson 1963
6731:
6724:Willson 1963
6715:
6703:
6691:
6684:Willson 1963
6679:
6672:Lindley 1993
6667:
6660:Lindley 1993
6656:Barroll 2001
6651:
6644:Lindley 1993
6639:
6624:Willson 1963
6619:
6612:Willson 1963
6607:
6600:Willson 1963
6595:
6588:Willson 1963
6583:
6571:. Retrieved
6567:BBC Scotland
6566:
6556:
6537:
6519:
6510:
6491:
6466:
6457:
6450:Lockyer 1981
6445:
6433:, retrieved
6418:
6411:
6399:, retrieved
6395:
6382:
6363:
6360:Weir, Alison
6355:Lockyer 1981
6350:
6331:
6324:
6312:. Retrieved
6308:
6298:
6289:
6283:
6274:
6268:
6259:
6253:
6241:
6236:
6227:
6218:
6192:
6186:
6155:
6148:Willson 1963
6144:Lockyer 1998
6135:
6123:
6116:Willson 1963
6111:
6067:
6057:
6045:
6038:Willson 1963
6033:
6030:Stewart 2003
6021:
6014:Willson 1963
6009:
6002:Willson 1963
5993:
5981:
5974:Willson 1963
5969:
5962:Stewart 2003
5957:
5945:
5938:Lockyer 1998
5929:
5922:Krugler 2004
5917:
5905:
5885:
5878:Willson 1963
5869:
5862:Willson 1963
5857:
5850:Willson 1963
5844:
5837:Willson 1963
5832:
5825:Willson 1963
5820:
5813:Willson 1963
5809:Lockyer 1998
5804:
5797:Willson 1963
5792:
5785:Willson 1963
5780:
5773:Willson 1963
5764:
5757:Willson 1963
5752:
5744:
5736:
5724:
5717:Willson 1963
5712:
5705:Willson 1963
5700:
5693:Willson 1963
5684:
5677:Willson 1963
5673:Lockyer 1998
5664:
5652:
5639:
5627:
5607:. Retrieved
5593:
5587:
5579:
5567:
5560:Stewart 2003
5555:
5543:
5531:
5524:Willson 1963
5515:
5508:Willson 1963
5503:
5496:Willson 1963
5491:
5479:
5474:, p. 6.
5457:Willson 1963
5452:
5445:Willson 1963
5436:
5403:
5396:Stewart 2003
5391:
5384:Willson 1963
5380:Stewart 2003
5375:
5368:Stewart 2003
5363:
5351:
5344:Willson 1963
5335:
5328:Willson 1963
5323:
5301:Willson 1963
5297:Lockyer 1998
5292:
5280:
5268:
5260:
5255:
5247:
5242:
5230:
5218:
5210:
5202:
5174:
5162:
5155:Willson 1963
5149:
5137:
5129:
5126:Willson 1963
5117:
5110:Willson 1963
5105:
5093:
5082:Willson 1963
5076:
5069:Willson 1963
5054:Lockyer 1998
5045:
5033:
5021:
5005:
4989:
4977:
4965:
4953:
4941:
4934:Willson 1963
4925:
4918:Willson 1963
4914:Lockyer 1998
4905:
4898:Willson 1963
4893:
4833:
4829:
4819:
4812:Willson 1963
4807:
4795:
4771:Willson 1963
4766:
4757:
4751:
4742:
4736:
4729:Stewart 2003
4724:
4717:Willson 1963
4712:
4700:
4691:
4685:
4673:
4666:Willson 1963
4662:Lockyer 1998
4657:
4645:
4638:Willson 1963
4630:Stewart 2003
4617:
4610:Stewart 2003
4606:Lockyer 1998
4601:
4594:Willson 1963
4585:
4573:
4566:Willson 1963
4557:
4549:
4544:
4528:
4521:Stewart 2003
4516:
4509:Willson 1963
4505:Lockyer 1998
4500:
4493:Stewart 2003
4488:
4481:Stewart 2003
4472:
4445:
4439:
4432:Stewart 2003
4428:Lockyer 1998
4423:
4401:Willson 1963
4397:Stewart 2003
4392:
4385:Thomson 1827
4380:
4368:
4356:
4348:
4336:
4324:
4317:Willson 1963
4312:
4300:
4293:Willson 1963
4289:Stewart 2003
4284:
4277:Stewart 2003
4271:
4264:Willson 1963
4255:
4248:Willson 1963
4243:
4231:
4224:Thomson 1827
4219:
4207:
4200:Willson 1963
4195:
4187:
4182:
4175:Willson 1963
4166:
4159:Willson 1963
4150:
4138:
4127:Lockyer 1998
4118:
4109:, quoted by
4106:
4094:
4073:
4041:
4036:, p. 39
4029:
4022:Milling 2004
4017:
3994:
3985:
3975:
3960:
3943:
3934:
3919:
3910:
3897:
3888:
3879:
3871:
3866:
3852:
3843:
3834:
3825:
3815:
3800:
3787:
3771:
3765:
3757:
3749:
3741:
3734:
3728:
3722:
3716:
3708:
3702:Daemonologie
3700:
3692:
3686:
3680:
3674:
3402:
3149:
3105:Henry Stuart
3087:
3042:
3033:Elizabeth I,
3031:
3020:
2993:
2866:
2833:
2750:
2740:John Stewart
2716:
2639:Mary Stewart
2625:
2561:
2550:
2473:
2460:
2394:royal badges
2391:
2384:
2380:
2365:
2360:
2334:
2323:
2269:
2253:
2238:
2230:
2217:
2212:(1658); and
2209:
2201:
2195:
2164:
2137:
2129:
2099:
2092:
2088:
2069:tertian ague
2066:
2038:
2028:Portrait by
2014:
1991:
1987:
1972:
1970:
1950:
1936:
1927:(left), and
1874:
1864:
1850:confirmation
1839:
1819:
1795:
1750:
1731:Portrait by
1715:
1688:
1679:
1656:
1630:
1614:
1587:
1579:Henry Howard
1556:
1529:Jacobean era
1514:
1492:
1488:
1479:Robert Cecil
1476:
1419:
1400:
1395:
1381:
1379:
1369:
1360:
1359:
1346:
1342:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1320:
1290:
1265:
1237:
1233:Central Belt
1204:
1192:
1188:Daemonologie
1186:
1184:
1153:
1147:Daemonologie
1145:
1127:
1067:Frederick II
1059:
1011:
1003:Gowrie House
992:
975:
955:Ruthven Raid
944:
907:
880:
875:
852:Adam Erskine
801:
764:Earl of Ross
754:
683:
679:David Rizzio
648:
603:
585:
584:(1598), and
579:
575:Daemonologie
573:
539:
519:Jacobean era
472:
443:
431:
423:
422:
309:
225:19 June 1566
181:
149:29 July 1567
95:25 July 1603
29:
13756:1625 deaths
13751:1566 births
13611:John Wright
13302:(1835â1840)
13182:(c. 350 BC)
13172:(c. 375 BC)
12789:Tocqueville
12754:Saint-Simon
12719:Montesquieu
12570:Bolingbroke
12502:Machiavelli
12382:Ibn Khaldun
12347:Alpharabius
12340:Middle Ages
12165:Natural law
12140:Common good
12065:Nationalism
12025:Imperialism
11995:Corporatism
11970:Colonialism
11950:Agrarianism
11929:Technocracy
11909:Meritocracy
11889:Bureaucracy
11879:Aristocracy
11611:Monasticism
11446:Holy Spirit
11356:Elizabeth I
11201:Anglicanism
11137:(from 2004)
10932:Blind Harry
10167:(1884â1919)
10161:(1881â1884)
10154:(1784â1827)
10146:(1760â1767)
10138:(1716â1728)
10131:(1660â1685)
10125:(1603â1625)
10113:(1565â1567)
10104:(1485â1536)
10092:(1420â1425)
10086:(1398â1420)
10012:(1952â2022)
10004:(1910â1936)
9996:(1901â1910)
9988:(1841â1901)
9980:(1762â1820)
9972:(1727â1751)
9964:(1714â1727)
9956:(1688â1689)
9948:(1630â1649)
9934:(1612â1625)
9926:(1594â1612)
9918:(1566â1567)
9910:(1540â1541)
9902:(1512â1513)
9894:(1509â1510)
9888:(1507â1508)
9882:(1473â1488)
9874:(1452â1460)
9866:(1430â1437)
9850:(1402â1406)
9842:(1398â1402)
9769:Charles III
9754:Edward VIII
9484:Alexander I
9464:Malcolm III
9439:Kenneth III
9339:Elizabeth I
9301:Richard III
8861:Alexander I
8811:Kenneth III
8762:(uncertain)
8660:Talorgan II
8625:Nechtan III
8600:Gartnait IV
8565:Gartnait II
8345:Elizabeth I
8273:curated by
8158:. Springer.
8056:. Longman.
7590:, Longman,
7572:, Longman,
6929:La Rochelle
6708:Davies 1959
6538:The Stuarts
5998:Akrigg 1984
5898:Schama 2001
5729:Schama 2001
5340:Martin 2016
5026:Hunter 2000
5010:Hunter 2000
4998:Hunter 2000
4982:Hunter 2000
4958:Hunter 2000
4946:Hunter 2000
4930:Akrigg 1984
4853:10037/20205
4535:, pp.
4143:Davies 1959
4111:Stroud 1999
3872:Northampton
2868:Henry VIII,
2534:Family tree
2349:for Ireland
2345:for England
2309:was a lion
2002:Thomas Lake
1939:Anne Murray
1779:Edward Coke
1745:Inigo Jones
1502:Royal Entry
1396:Sang Sculis
1244:clan chiefs
1156:witch-hunts
1136:Witch hunts
1103:Tycho Brahe
1049:Queen Anne
1007:John Ramsay
848:Peter Young
614:Christendom
598:), and the
513:, the last
154:Predecessor
104:Elizabeth I
100:Predecessor
55: 1605
13740:Categories
13715:(informer)
13652:John Grant
13601:Guy Fawkes
13510:Separatism
13318:On Liberty
13218:The Prince
12947:Huntington
12450:Campanella
12377:al-Ghazali
12326:Thucydides
12284:Lactantius
12229:Statolatry
12055:Monarchism
12035:Liberalism
11960:Capitalism
11943:Ideologies
11924:Plutocracy
11872:Government
11828:Revolution
11813:Propaganda
11763:Legitimacy
11738:Government
11465:Sacraments
11316:Henry VIII
11276:Ăthelberht
11209:Communions
11154:Jackie Kay
10715:Charles II
9744:Edward VII
9734:William IV
9724:George III
9653:Charles II
9548:Robert III
9494:Malcolm IV
9469:Donald III
9444:Malcolm II
9429:Kenneth II
9311:Henry VIII
9271:Richard II
9266:Edward III
9200:William II
9173:Harthacnut
8990:William II
8975:Charles II
8930:Robert III
8871:Malcolm IV
8851:Donald III
8841:Donald III
8816:Malcolm II
8801:Kenneth II
8710:Bridei VII
8665:Drest VIII
8610:Bridei III
8595:Talorgan I
8590:Talorc III
8570:Nechtan II
8535:Gartnait I
8391:1566â1567
8360:1603â1625
8329:1567â1625
7972:Coward, B.
7917:required.)
7360:King James
7244:Croft 2003
7104:9 February
7079:9 February
7038:Croft 2003
6981:Croft 2003
6969:Croft 2003
6957:Croft 2003
6945:Croft 2003
6933:Isle of RĂ©
6909:Croft 2003
6865:Croft 2003
6849:Croft 2003
6847:quoted in
6829:Croft 2003
6776:Croft 2003
6772:Croft 2003
6720:Croft 2003
6696:Croft 2003
6632:Perry 2006
6484:Bray, Alan
6467:The Friend
6463:Bray, Alan
6435:9 December
6401:9 December
6314:18 October
6160:Croft 2003
6140:Croft 2003
6128:Croft 2003
6104:Croft 2003
6050:Croft 2003
6036:quoted by
6026:Croft 2003
5986:Croft 2003
5950:Croft 2003
5934:Croft 2003
5910:Croft 2003
5894:Croft 2003
5874:Croft 2003
5769:Croft 2003
5689:Croft 2003
5669:Croft 2003
5657:Croft 2003
5645:Croft 2003
5643:Quoted by
5632:Croft 2003
5621:required.)
5572:Croft 2003
5548:Croft 2003
5536:Croft 2003
5520:Croft 2003
5484:Croft 2003
5472:Croft 2003
5429:Croft 2003
5408:Croft 2003
5356:Croft 2003
5316:Croft 2003
5285:Croft 2003
5153:Quoted by
5142:Croft 2003
5122:Croft 2003
5098:Croft 2003
5086:King David
5050:Croft 2003
4910:Croft 2003
4800:Croft 2003
4788:Croft 2003
4705:Croft 2003
4678:Croft 2003
4650:Croft 2003
4628:quoted by
4622:Croft 2003
4590:Croft 2003
4578:Croft 2003
4562:Croft 2003
4479:quoted by
4416:Croft 2003
4373:Croft 2003
4341:Croft 2003
4329:Croft 2003
4305:Croft 2003
4131:Smith 2003
4123:Croft 2003
4099:Smith 2003
4050:Scriptures
4010:References
3810:certain."
2752:Henry VII,
2627:James III,
2485:, aged 18.
2402:dimidiated
2379:the motto
2353:red dragon
2330:marshalled
2112:See also:
2100:James was
2091: [
2057:George III
1877:episcopacy
1659:Guy Fawkes
1510:Ben Jonson
1464:dimidiated
1461:Tudor rose
1431:high style
1343:Royal Gift
1253:Parliament
1170:under the
1160:witchcraft
1099:Copenhagen
978:Black Acts
971:John Craig
951:Calvinists
947:Protestant
868:preceptors
828:coronation
675:Protestant
667:Henry VIII
566:Ben Jonson
562:John Donne
257:7 May 1625
145:Coronation
91:Coronation
13228:Leviathan
13208:Monarchia
13202:(c. 1274)
13037:Oakeshott
12982:Mansfield
12977:Luxemburg
12962:Kropotkin
12857:Bernstein
12810:centuries
12724:Nietzsche
12667:Jefferson
12595:Condorcet
12543:centuries
12522:Pufendorf
12387:Marsilius
12274:Confucius
12259:Aristotle
12252:Antiquity
12180:Noble lie
12100:Third Way
12095:Socialism
12020:Feudalism
11975:Communism
11955:Anarchism
11934:Theocracy
11919:Oligarchy
11899:Democracy
11884:Autocracy
11798:Pluralism
11783:Obedience
11748:Hierarchy
11708:Authority
11470:Eucharist
11383:Charles I
11351:Edward VI
11301:Hygeberht
11104:Tom Scott
10739:Katherine
10730:Elizabeth
10152:Frederick
9969:Frederick
9855:Alexander
9759:George VI
9729:George IV
9719:George II
9631:Charles I
9613:from 1603
9563:James III
9543:Robert II
9499:William I
9474:Duncan II
9402:Malcolm I
9392:Donald II
9316:Edward VI
9306:Henry VII
9291:Edward IV
9261:Edward II
9251:Henry III
9234:Richard I
9195:William I
9116:Ăthelstan
8980:James VII
8970:Charles I
8945:James III
8925:Robert II
8846:Duncan II
8776:Malcolm I
8766:Donald II
8705:Ciniod II
8700:Bridei VI
8680:Ăengus II
8630:Drest VII
8620:Bridei IV
8585:Bridei II
8545:Talorc II
8525:Drest III
8510:Nechtan I
8335:Charles I
8185:142991232
7875:(1963) ,
7835:Routledge
7443:Guy, John
7381:(1959) ,
7212:porphyria
7174:(1978) ,
6925:Huguenots
6573:28 August
6211:46169615M
5609:13 August
5273:Jack 1988
5235:Jack 1988
5223:Jack 1988
5182:(2000), "
5167:Jack 1988
4870:229451135
4862:1923-5755
4836:: 54â99.
4464:25969471M
2835:James IV,
2563:James II,
2465:mezzotint
2381:In defens
2295:supported
2278:, a lion
2077:dysentery
2053:porphyria
2041:arthritis
1774:Rhineland
1600:, and by
1563:Main Plot
1466:with the
1426:anglicise
1276:Stornoway
1238:In 1540,
1115:Elizabeth
987:Octavians
901:given by
842:selected
832:John Knox
790:Regencies
628:Childhood
525:himself "
503:Elizabeth
479:Henry VII
462:remained
452:his death
446:from the
410:Signature
168:Charles I
164:Successor
114:Charles I
110:Successor
13681:See also
13630:Recruits
13483:Centrism
13178:Politics
13168:Republic
13137:Voegelin
13117:Spengler
13102:Shariati
13077:Rothbard
13032:Nussbaum
12932:Habermas
12907:Fukuyama
12897:Foucault
12822:Ambedkar
12799:Voltaire
12769:de Staël
12744:Rousseau
12625:Franklin
12600:Constant
12560:Beccaria
12392:Muhammad
12372:Gelasius
12357:Averroes
12331:Xenophon
12311:Polybius
12264:Chanakya
12109:Concepts
12075:Populism
12045:Localism
12030:Islamism
12015:Feminism
11914:Monarchy
11818:Property
11808:Progress
11773:Monopoly
11743:Hegemony
11606:Ministry
11601:Heraldry
11423:Theology
11296:Paulinus
10998:James VI
10836:Category
10725:James II
10676:Margaret
10553:Margaret
10335:Stewarts
10299:Branches
9749:George V
9739:Victoria
9714:George I
9583:James VI
9568:James IV
9558:James II
9531:David II
9526:Robert I
9515:Margaret
9449:Duncan I
9358:Donald I
9296:Edward V
9286:Henry VI
9276:Henry IV
9256:Edward I
9222:Henry II
9121:Edmund I
9110:Ălfweard
9068:monarchs
9062:Scottish
8965:James VI
8950:James IV
8940:James II
8920:David II
8915:Robert I
8891:Margaret
8821:Duncan I
8740:Donald I
8685:Drest IX
8655:AlpĂn II
8650:Ciniod I
8645:Bridei V
8640:Ăengus I
8605:Drest VI
8560:Bridei I
8540:Cailtram
8530:Drest IV
8515:Drest II
8505:Talorc I
8260:LibriVox
8111:in JSTOR
8075:in JSTOR
7974:(2017).
7953:(1974).
7829:(2006).
7715:(2001),
7568:(1981),
7466:(2000),
7445:(2004),
7404:(1974),
7357:(2003),
6518:(2014).
6465:(2003).
6362:(1996).
6309:BBC News
6226:(1970).
6179:bisexual
6066:(eds.).
5743:(1978).
5441:Guy 2004
5209:(1985),
5187:Archived
4537:295, 297
4533:Law 1904
4355:(1851),
4260:Guy 2004
4236:Guy 2004
4171:Guy 2004
4155:Guy 2004
3951:(son of
3807:John Guy
3166:Ancestry
2995:James V,
2499:Margaret
2319:sinister
2291:tressure
2220:(1658).
2204:(1652);
2185:and the
1854:surplice
1799:Habsburg
1559:Bye Plot
1471:ensigned
1403:Jacobean
1370:True Law
1347:True Law
1305:Shetland
1215:Hebrides
1117:, later
1095:Elsinore
1033:Marriage
873:treatise
710:baptised
661:through
578:(1597),
491:minority
483:abdicate
456:Scotland
432:James VI
331:Margaret
232:Scotland
182:See list
13520:Statism
13433:Elitism
13391:Related
13192:(51 BC)
13122:Strauss
13097:Scruton
13092:Schmitt
13082:Russell
13002:Michels
12997:Maurras
12992:Marcuse
12952:Kautsky
12922:Gramsci
12917:Gentile
12887:Dworkin
12877:Du Bois
12872:Dmowski
12867:Chomsky
12862:Burnham
12847:Benoist
12817:Agamben
12784:Thoreau
12774:Stirner
12764:Spencer
12709:Mazzini
12699:Maistre
12694:Madison
12689:Le Play
12620:Fourier
12585:Carlyle
12565:Bentham
12555:Bastiat
12550:Bakunin
12527:Spinoza
12517:MĂŒntzer
12487:Leibniz
12460:Grotius
12440:Bossuet
12407:Plethon
12352:Aquinas
12321:Sun Tzu
12289:Mencius
12279:Han Fei
12050:Marxism
12010:Fascism
11843:Society
11768:Liberty
11753:Justice
11733:Freedom
11546:Morning
11494:worship
11490:Liturgy
11431:Trinity
11371:James I
11326:Cranmer
11251:History
10901:James I
10896:Huchoun
10769:Mary II
10017:William
10009:Charles
9945:Charles
9931:Charles
9892:Arthur
9667:Mary II
9573:James V
9553:James I
9489:David I
9454:Macbeth
9386:Eochaid
9281:Henry V
9216:Matilda
9210:Stephen
9205:Henry I
9066:British
9060:,
9058:English
9014:Ireland
9010:England
8985:Mary II
8955:James V
8935:James I
8866:David I
8826:Macbeth
8760:Eochaid
8715:Drest X
8635:AlpĂn I
8575:Cinioch
8550:Drest V
8500:Drest I
8356:Ireland
8249:at the
8226:at the
8209:James I
8135:History
8054:James I
7990:James I
7273:Sources
6879:1 April
6490:(ed.).
3713:, 1616
3693:Lepanto
3689:, 1591
3683:), 1584
3022:Mary I,
2280:rampant
2097:].
2085:Solomon
1846:Puritan
1840:In the
1766:Bohemia
1753:Howards
1604:, soon
1551:spinels
1291:In the
1240:James V
1194:Macbeth
1123:Charles
858:), and
732:), and
602:of the
537:began.
507:Charles
487:regents
460:England
444:James I
440:Ireland
311:more...
298:
282:
278:
248:England
174:Regents
126:more...
72:more...
67:Ireland
13382:(1992)
13372:(1971)
13362:(1951)
13352:(1945)
13342:(1944)
13332:(1929)
13322:(1859)
13312:(1848)
13292:(1820)
13282:(1791)
13272:(1790)
13262:(1762)
13252:(1748)
13242:(1689)
13232:(1651)
13222:(1532)
13212:(1313)
13142:Walzer
13132:Taylor
13087:Sartre
13052:Popper
13047:Pareto
13042:Ortega
13027:Nozick
13017:Mouffe
12967:Laclau
12927:Guénon
12912:Gandhi
12852:Berlin
12842:Bauman
12837:Badiou
12827:Arendt
12794:Tucker
12684:Le Bon
12645:Herder
12635:Haller
12630:Godwin
12615:Fichte
12610:Engels
12605:Cortés
12575:Bonald
12532:SuĂĄrez
12507:Milton
12497:Luther
12470:Hobbes
12455:Filmer
12445:Calvin
12430:Boétie
12423:period
12402:Ockham
12269:Cicero
12070:Nazism
11858:Utopia
11833:Rights
11823:Regime
11793:People
11778:Nation
11480:Saints
11436:Father
11366:Hooker
11361:Parker
10696:Sophia
10462:Egidia
10446:Robert
10225:Titles
10144:Edward
10119:(1567)
10001:Edward
9993:George
9977:George
9961:George
9940:(1629)
9886:James
9858:(1430)
9578:Mary I
9459:Lulach
9423:AmlaĂb
9417:Cuilén
9407:Indulf
9333:Philip
9328:Mary I
9131:Eadwig
9126:Eadred
8831:Lulach
8796:AmlaĂb
8791:Cuilén
8781:Indulf
8670:Conall
8395:Vacant
8373:Vacant
8300:
8183:
8123:
8096:
8084:online
8068:Albion
8060:
8046:
8021:online
7996:
7982:
7961:
7939:
7911:
7883:
7862:
7841:
7802:
7784:
7762:
7744:
7723:
7702:
7684:
7666:
7648:
7630:
7612:
7594:
7576:
7555:
7524:
7506:
7474:
7453:
7432:
7414:
7391:
7367:
7344:
7326:
7308:
7290:
7182:
7141:
6802:
6544:
6526:
6498:
6473:
6426:
6370:
6338:
6248:
6209:
6199:
6084:
6074:Oxford
5615:
4868:
4860:
4462:
4452:
4082:Oxford
3774:, 1609
3768:, 1608
3754:, 1599
3746:, 1598
3705:, 1597
3695:, poem
2527:Sophia
2326:badges
2315:dexter
2311:sejant
2299:Argent
2167:Stuart
2124:Rubens
2108:Legacy
2000:; and
1977:sodomy
1975:lists
1392:burghs
1301:Orkney
1249:Gaelic
1150:(1597)
1121:; and
784:regent
698:Prince
645:, 1574
568:, and
523:styled
505:, and
400:Mother
390:Father
384:Stuart
351:Sophia
288:
268:Spouse
254:Burial
13531:Index
13160:Works
13147:Weber
13112:Spann
13107:Sorel
13072:Röpke
13067:Rawls
13022:Negri
13012:Mosca
13007:Mises
12972:Lenin
12942:Hoppe
12937:Hayek
12902:Fromm
12892:Evola
12882:Dugin
12779:Taine
12759:Smith
12739:Renan
12734:Paine
12655:Iqbal
12640:Hegel
12590:Comte
12580:Burke
12492:Locke
12482:James
12435:Bodin
12367:Dante
12362:Bruni
12316:Shang
12299:Plato
11853:State
11803:Power
11788:Peace
11723:Elite
11701:Terms
11616:Music
11281:Edwin
10333:Royal
9953:James
9915:James
9907:James
9899:James
9879:James
9871:James
9863:James
9847:James
9839:David
9479:Edgar
9379:Giric
9245:Louis
9152:Sweyn
8856:Edgar
8755:Giric
8695:Uurad
8615:Taran
8427:1567
8380:James
8302:Died:
8295:Born:
8181:S2CID
6569:. BBC
6328:e.g.
5178:See:
4866:S2CID
3779:Notes
3089:Mary,
2452:Issue
2307:crest
2287:Azure
2283:Gules
1863:1604
1388:Scots
1075:Leith
862:(lay
854:(lay
782:, as
633:Birth
515:Tudor
379:House
364:Names
305:Issue
296:)
284:(
280:
134:Reign
80:Reign
13062:Rand
13057:Qutb
12957:Kirk
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