124:
112:
136:
2009:
395:, son of the patron who had enabled him to go to Cambridge. This book was published by Arnold Birckman of Cologne, and included in the same binding Turner's treatise on baths. The second volume includes one of the earliest reference to the celebrated Glastonbury Thorn, only five miles from Wells, which Turner tells us "is grene all the wynter, as all they that dwell there about do stedfastly holde". The third and last part of Turner's
922:
22:
420:, for instance, "Religious discontent and civil rebellion were obviously walking hand in hand when William Turner dared speak out against proclamation of 1543 limiting the reading of the Bible to men of social standing. What kind of ungodly belly wisdom was it, he demanded, to say that 'rich men and the nobles are wiser than the poor people?'"
380:
on an altogether higher footing than in earlier works. At the same time, however, Turner included an account of their "uses and vertues", and in his preface admits that some will accuse him of divulging to the general public what should have been reserved for a professional audience. For the first
399:
was published in 1568, in a volume that also contained revised editions of the first and second parts. This was dedicated to Queen
Elizabeth. He claimed that the herbal described only English plant species "whereof is no mention made neither of ye old Grecianes nor Latines".
415:
Turner was famous for making an adulterer do public penance wearing a square cap and for teaching his dog to steal such caps from bishop's heads. His scholarly pursuits had other, distinctly political, implications. According to Tudor historian
595:
282:
in 1558, Turner returned to
England, and was once again Dean of Wells Cathedral from 1560 to 1564. His attempts to bring the English church into an agreement with the reformed churches of
192:, in 1538. He spent much of his leisure in the careful study of plants which he sought for in their native habitat, and described with an accuracy hitherto unknown in England.
207:, from 1540 to 1542 and was incorporated M.D. at one of these universities. He married Jane Auder (perhaps a widow of a Mr Cage when they married) who gave birth to a son
87:
313:
Quite early in his career, Turner became interested in natural history and set out to produce reliable lists of
English plants and animals, which he published as
243:, and through Somerset's influence, he obtained ecclesiastical preferment. The position as Somerset's physician also led to practice among upper society. He was
1374:
362:
and soolde by John Gybken, 1551) is the first part of Turner's great work; the second was published in 1562 and the third in 1568, both by Arnold
Birckman of
1362:
816:
95:
in 1538, and later translated it into
English because he believed herbalists were not sharing their knowledge. Turner's works were condemned under
2089:
1716:
2084:
177:
2079:
1938:
784:
381:
time, herbal was available in
England in the vernacular, from which people could identify the main English plants without difficulty.
2094:
1407:
372:
333:
but also added accurate descriptions and life histories of birds from his own extensive ornithological knowledge. This is the first
949:
2008:
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366:. These volumes gave the first clear, systematic survey of English plants, and with their admirable woodcuts (mainly copied from
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325:("The Principal Birds of Aristotle and Pliny..."), which not only discussed the principal birds and bird names mentioned by
123:
111:
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1179:
759:
Raven, Charles E. 1947. English naturalists from Neckam to Ray: a study of the making of the modern world. Cambridge. p71
2043:
195:
In 1540, he began travelling about preaching until he was arrested. After his release, he went on to study medicine in
1559:
1204:
529:
Year of birth from DNB; day of death preferred on grounds of a message sent by the Bishop of
Norwich: see Raven p122.
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1706:
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2104:
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wrote that "Turner, a shrewd observer and an excellent botanist, accepted transmutation as a commonplace event."
909:. (Friends of Carlisle Park 2008: Buy it at bookshops in Morpeth, via www.focpMorpeth.org or at Wells Cathedral)
1950:
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78:, and it is in these fields that the most interest lies today. He is known as being one of the first "
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Natural
Religion and Christian Theology: Volume 1, Science and Religion: The Gifford Lectures 1951
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Avium praecipuarum, quarum apud
Plinium et Aristotelem mentio est, brevis et succincta historia
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Avium praecipuarum, quarum apud
Plinium et Aristotelem mentio est, brevis et succincta historia
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acceded to the throne, Turner went into exile once again. From 1553 to 1558, he lived in
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plant from William Turner's Herbal, the first to be written in English rather than
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English naturalists from Neckam to Ray: a study of the making of the modern world
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306:. An engraved stone on the southeast wall of this church commemorates Turner.
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506:(Part 1 Mierdman, London 1551; Parts 2 and 3 Barckman, Cologne. 1562, 1568)
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The English Parson-naturalist: A Companionship Between Science and Religion
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English Protestant reformer, physician and natural historian (c. 1509–1568)
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was published in 1555. In 1562, Turner published the second part of his
376:) and detailed observations based on Turner's own field studies put the
227:
After completing his medical degree, he became physician to the Earl of
800:
460:. Gymnicus, Cologne. ed Cambridge 1823; ed with transl. Cambridge 1903.
244:
96:
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George Chapman/Anne Wesencraft/Frank McCombie/Marilyn Tweddle (eds.)
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Avium praecipuarum quarum apud Plinium et Aristotelem mentio est, ...
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William Turner: "A New Herball" Vols 1 and 2: Parts I, II and III
363:
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143:, 1544, the first ever printed book devoted wholly to ornithology
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led to his suspension for nonconformity in 1564. Turner died in
377:
348:. In 1551, he published the first of three parts of his famous
291:
181:
71:
62:." He studied medicine in Italy, and was a friend of the great
59:
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30:
788:. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
188:. While at Cambridge he published several works, including
543:
Locus Amoenus: Gardens and Horticulture in the Renaissance
356:
A new herball, wherin are conteyned the names of herbes…
402:
A New Boke on the Natures and Properties of all Wines
814:
Jones, W. R. D. "Turner, William (1509/1510-1568)".
449:. Bydell, London. Index 1878; facsimiles 1877, 1966.
668:"William Turner and the First Bird Book | BirdNote"
567:
271:and supported himself as a physician. He became a
881:The 1568 edition of the herbal, including part 3.
612:"Richard Cox" 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica Vol. 7
2061:
561:
411:As a member of the nonconformist faction in the
434:
160:, in or around 1508. His father was probably a
809:. Vol. 57. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
1401:
943:
820:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
695:Green & Pleasant Publishing, pp. 24-25
58:. He has been called "The father of English
1939:Concealing-Coloration in the Animal Kingdom
907:William Turner: "Father of English Botany"
730:Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1971, p. 128.
714:Of Books and Botany in Early Modern England
454:
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319:
172:, from 1526 to 1533, where he received his
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1394:
950:
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259:from 1551 to 1553, where he established a
693:Glastonbury Holy Thorn: Story of a Legend
514:Other works are listed briefly by Raven.
373:De Historia Stirpium Commentarii Insignes
1590:Herball, or Generall Historie of Plantes
772:
211:in 1542. After his death, she remarried
134:
122:
110:
20:
817:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
660:
594:
537:
535:
2090:Fellows of Pembroke College, Cambridge
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743:. Cambridge University Press. p. 205.
508:Parts 1-2, 1551-1562, available at BHL
480:
464:
2085:Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge
1389:
931:
849:William Turner at the Galileo Project
630:
352:, on which his botanical fame rests.
792:
532:
2080:People from Morpeth, Northumberland
1817:The Naturalist on the River Amazons
1415:
902:. (Cambridge University Press 1996)
317:in 1538. In 1544, Turner published
13:
957:
739:Raven, Charles E. (2010 edition).
711:
14:
2136:
842:
813:
302:, and is buried in the church of
2095:16th-century English naturalists
2007:
920:
806:Dictionary of National Biography
796:"Turner, William (d.1568)"
728:Henry VIII: The Mask of Royalty,
342:The Rescuynge of the Romishe Fox
337:book devoted entirely to birds.
164:of the same name. He studied at
39:(1509/10 – 13 July 1568) was an
2049:List of natural history dealers
1717:The Natural History of Selborne
765:
753:
733:
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385:A New Book of Spiritual Physick
2100:16th-century English botanists
1951:Adaptive Coloration in Animals
624:
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523:
487:A New Herball Parts II and III
294:on 7 July 1568 at his home in
147:
1:
2120:Proto-evolutionary biologists
862:. Cambridge University Press.
517:
445:Libellus de re herbaria novus
275:at this time, if not before.
231:. Back in England, he became
131:with name Guilielmus Turnerus
129:Libellus de Re Herbaria Novus
117:Libellus de Re Herbaria Novus
834:UK public library membership
621:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
435:Natural history publications
106:
7:
1707:Bernard Germain de Lacépède
919:(public domain audiobooks)
600:A Cambridge Alumni Database
596:"Turner, William (TNR529W)"
568:Armstrong, Patrick (2000).
10:
2141:
1729:A History of British Birds
602:. University of Cambridge.
492:Cambridge University Press
340:In 1545, Turner published
2044:Natural History Societies
2016:
2005:
1921:
1912:The Royal Natural History
1764:Ornithological Dictionary
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1673:Johan Christian Fabricius
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1505:
1432:
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854:William Turner at Morpeth
574:. Gracewing. p. 43.
471:(1881 ed.). London:
222:
1890:The Naturalist's Library
1793:On the Origin of Species
631:Adler, Mark (May 2010).
554:Raven, Charles E. 1947.
465:Turner, William (1548).
425:transmutation of species
278:After the succession of
186:Pembroke Hall, Cambridge
184:and Senior Treasurer of
2024:Natural history museums
1626:Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
913:Works by William Turner
785:Encyclopædia Britannica
779:"Turner, William"
473:English dialect society
427:. Historian of science
315:Libellus de re herbaria
190:Libellus de re herbaria
88:Libellus de Re herbaria
2105:English ornithologists
1876:William Jackson Hooker
1824:Alexander von Humboldt
1741:Philosophie zoologique
1524:Pinax theatri botanici
826:10.1093/ref:odnb/27874
793:Hunt, William (1899).
455:
444:
358:(London: imprinted by
320:
280:Elizabeth I of England
144:
132:
120:
33:
1962:The Study of Instinct
1901:Kunstformen der Natur
1805:The Malay Archipelago
1800:Alfred Russel Wallace
1736:Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
1337:Christopher Woodforde
413:Vestments controversy
138:
126:
114:
24:
1881:Joseph Dalton Hooker
1834:The Birds of America
1270:Lord Francis Seymour
978:Richard de Spakeston
423:Turner embraced the
393:Sir Thomas Wentworth
304:St Olave Hart Street
269:WeiĂźenburg in Bayern
170:Cambridge University
1929:Martinus Beijerinck
1472:De Natura Animalium
1363:Andrew Featherstone
1180:William Fitzwilliam
1064:Wibert of Littleton
998:Peter of Chichester
867:Historical editions
691:Stout, Adam (2020)
541:Samson, Alexander.
468:The Names of Herbes
418:Lacey Baldwin Smith
406:Treatise of Triacle
346:The Names of Herbes
152:Turner was born in
85:He first published
2115:Parson-naturalists
2034:Parson-naturalists
1866:Philip Henry Gosse
1829:John James Audubon
1812:Henry Walter Bates
1700:Histoire Naturelle
1688:Historia Plantarum
1576:Avium Praecipuarum
1560:Historia animalium
1461:Historia Plantarum
1449:History of Animals
1250:Matthew Brailsford
180:in 1533. He was a
145:
141:Avium Praecipuarum
133:
121:
80:parson-naturalists
70:. He was an early
34:
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2003:
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1621:Marcello Malpighi
1515:Ulisse Aldrovandi
1495:De Materia Medica
1383:
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1322:Armitage Robinson
1297:Edmund Goodenough
1114:Richard Courtenay
1013:Giles of Bridport
1003:William of Merton
993:Ralph of Lechlade
832:(Subscription or
749:978-0-521-16639-3
701:978-1-9162686-1-6
648:Missing or empty
635:. pp. 36–37.
581:978-0-85244-516-7
501:978-0-521-44549-8
265:Mary I of England
56:natural historian
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2011:
1984:The Dancing Bees
1908:Richard Lydekker
1856:Jean-Henri Fabre
1841:William Buckland
1646:Regnier de Graaf
1540:Andrea Cesalpino
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1656:Systema Naturae
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257:Wells Cathedral
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774:Chisholm, Hugh
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139:Title page of
115:Title page of
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1023:Thomas Bytton
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723:
716:. p. 40.
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261:herbal garden
258:
254:
251:in 1550, and
250:
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220:
218:
217:Bishop of Ely
214:
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166:Pembroke Hall
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83:
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76:ornithologist
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
42:
38:
32:
28:
23:
19:
2070:1500s births
1993:
1983:
1971:
1961:
1949:
1946:Hugh B. Cott
1937:
1922:20th century
1911:
1899:
1889:
1832:
1815:
1803:
1791:
1774:
1762:
1752:19th century
1739:
1727:
1715:
1698:
1686:
1678:James Hutton
1668:Joseph Banks
1654:
1614:Micrographia
1612:
1609:Robert Hooke
1589:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1558:
1523:
1493:
1481:
1471:
1459:
1456:Theophrastus
1447:
1361:
1286:George Lukin
1255:Isaac Maddox
1220:Ralph Barlow
1205:John Herbert
1189:
1185:John Goodman
1153:Early modern
1089:John Fordham
1054:John Godelee
906:
899:
892:
891:
880:
873:
866:
865:
815:
804:
783:
766:Bibliography
755:
740:
735:
727:
722:
713:
707:
692:
687:
675:. Retrieved
671:
662:
650:|title=
633:Mendip Times
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314:
312:
308:Thomas Lever
277:
226:
194:
189:
151:
140:
128:
116:
86:
84:
66:naturalist,
36:
35:
18:
2075:1568 deaths
1994:Shearwaters
1851:Mary Anning
1636:Hans Sloane
1586:John Gerard
1580:New Herball
1507:Renaissance
1490:Dioscorides
1426:naturalists
1375:Toby Wright
1370:John Davies
1357:John Clarke
1292:Henry Ryder
1279:Late modern
1260:John Harris
1129:John Forest
1049:Henry Husee
801:Lee, Sidney
288:Switzerland
213:Richard Cox
148:Early years
127:Preface of
2125:Herbalists
2064:Categories
1424:Pioneering
836:required.)
677:18 January
518:References
245:prebendary
101:Mary Tudor
99:and under
97:Henry VIII
1444:Aristotle
1436:antiquity
1434:Classical
983:Alexander
641:cite news
545:, 2012 :4
484:(1995) .
327:Aristotle
298:, in the
273:Calvinist
237:physician
107:Biography
72:herbalist
52:physician
1871:Asa Gray
1683:John Ray
1365:(Acting)
917:LibriVox
672:BirdNote
370:'s 1542
233:chaplain
48:reformer
27:Mandrake
988:Leonius
803:(ed.).
726:Smith,
364:Cologne
335:printed
284:Germany
263:. When
239:to the
205:Bologna
201:Ferrara
154:Morpeth
41:English
2017:Topics
1468:Aelian
830:
747:
699:
578:
498:
479:1551:
463:1548:
452:1544:
441:1538:
397:Herbal
389:Herbal
378:herbal
350:Herbal
292:London
223:Career
182:Fellow
162:tanner
119:, 1538
60:botany
54:and a
44:divine
1290:Hon.
884:From
799:. In
229:Emden
209:Peter
199:, at
197:Italy
93:Latin
64:Swiss
31:Latin
2038:List
2028:List
745:ISBN
697:ISBN
679:2018
654:help
576:ISBN
496:ISBN
329:and
286:and
253:Dean
235:and
203:and
178:M.A.
174:B.A.
74:and
50:, a
46:and
973:Ivo
915:at
822:doi
255:of
91:in
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1578:,
782:.
670:.
645::
643:}}
639:{{
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534:^
494:.
490:.
408:.
219:.
215:,
168:,
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103:.
2040:)
2036:(
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1996:)
1992:(
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1982:(
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1970:(
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1960:(
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1948:(
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1936:(
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656:)
652:(
584:.
504:.
475:.
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