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Wind power in Hawaii

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from the noise and shadows that come and go with the turning of the blades, claiming that this produced sleep disruption, depression, seizures and other neurological effects. In response, rules that govern turbine siting, such as increasing the minimum distance from residences to 1.25 miles, are under review by the
419:. Existing law allows an, e.g., 600 ft (180 m) to be placed 600 feet from the nearest house (1:1).The Hawaii State Energy Office offered support for a setback of a mile or more from homes and structures. Residents also expressed concern about the threat to endangered wildlife, particularly the 464:
Hawaii has the potential to install 3,000 MW of wind power, capable of generating 12,000 GWh/year with 80 meter hub heights operating at 30% capacity factor or more. Hawaii used 9,962 GWh in 2011, so Hawaii has the potential to generate all electricity used in the state from wind and solar power. In
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residents protested the placement of wind towers, leading to hundreds of arrests for obstructing entry of equipment to the turbine sites. In 2021 residents and the Kahuku Community Association objected to the presence of 20 large-scale wind turbines in their neighborhood. They experienced problems
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Two developers have submitted proposals for three offshore wind farms. They are under review by the
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The Cost and Feasibility of Floating Offshore Wind Energy in the O‘ahu Region
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addition, Hawaii has the potential to generate 2,800,000 GWh/year from
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and the 9MW Kamaoa wind farm on the Big Island of Hawaii . The
441: 54: 46: 711:"Hawaii NIMBY fight reveals Biden offshore wind challenge" 736:"Offshore Wind Energy Bill Sails Through Hawaii Senate" 480: 984: 2941: 832:"State wind energy potential (2010) spreadsheet" 431: 1635: 45:in the mid-1980s with a 340 kW turbine on 2735: 1621: 970: 449:Megawatts of Installed Generating Capacity 2742: 2728: 1628: 1614: 977: 963: 395:Kamaoa Wind Farm, 9.3 MW, in use 1987-2006 34:is produced by the state's 132 commercial 2749: 708: 455: 76: 68: 20: 434:Hawaii Wind Generation Capacity by Year 93:List of power stations in Hawaii § Wind 73:Hawaii's sources of electricity in 2017 16:Electricity from wind in one U.S. state 2942: 1713:Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act 761:Downey, Kirstin (September 21, 2022). 760: 405: 342: 2723: 1609: 958: 920:"WINDExchange: Wind Energy in Hawaii" 570:Renewable energy in the United States 113: 81:Hawaii electricity production by type 1588: 950:National Renewable Energy Laboratory 894:"Statoil floats Hawaii offshore bid" 856:Electric Power Monthly February 2012 828:National Renewable Energy Laboratory 780: 635:Electric Power Monthly February 2013 389: 709:Richards, Heather (April 6, 2021). 64: 13: 14: 2966: 934: 790:. U.S. Department of Energy. 2017 649:, Hawaiian Electric Company, 2013 607: 384:Bureau of Ocean Energy Management 1587: 1576: 1575: 1563: 1261: 1007:United States Wind Energy Policy 997:American Wind Energy Association 539: 525: 511: 497: 483: 363: 351: 91:This section is an excerpt from 986:Wind power in the United States 912: 886: 861: 849: 820: 802: 615:"2017 Energy Facts and Figures" 565:Wind power in the United States 2768:Federated States of Micronesia 1415:Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind 898:reNEWS - Renewable Energy News 754: 728: 702: 677: 652: 640: 628: 582: 358:Hawaii offshore wind potential 85: 1: 1017:Offshore wind farms in the US 575: 1718:Renewable portfolio standard 426: 328: 325: 305: 302: 282: 279: 259: 256: 236: 233: 213: 210: 190: 187: 167: 164: 144: 141: 7: 1637:Energy in the United States 476: 41:Hawaii began research into 10: 2971: 2513:Vehicle emission standards 90: 2859: 2836: 2755: 2702: 2616: 2521: 2486: 2247: 1977: 1931: 1924: 1736: 1643: 1557: 1474:Aermotor Windmill Company 1466: 1396: 1270: 1259: 1030: 992: 941:Renewable Energy Projects 836:U.S. Department of Energy 134:Auwahi Wind Energy Hybrid 2914:Northern Mariana Islands 2499:Greenhouse gas emissions 1708:Offshore drilling debate 1678:Energy Policy Act (2005) 1673:Energy Policy Act (1992) 1519:NextEra Energy Resources 2879:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 1524:Ørsted US Offshore Wind 924:windexchange.energy.gov 814:windexchange.energy.gov 505:Renewable energy portal 2504:State and territory CO 1410:Block Island Wind Farm 471:floating wind turbines 461: 82: 74: 28: 2862:and other territories 2750:Wind power in Oceania 2522:Governmental agencies 1703:Nuclear energy policy 1570:Wind power portal 1022:Wind Powering America 555:Solar power in Hawaii 460:Hawaii wind resources 459: 417:Honolulu City Council 202:Kaheawa Wind Power II 100:Wind power in Hawaii 80: 72: 24: 2950:Wind power in Hawaii 2487:Environmental issues 1467:Wind power companies 1459:(Under construction) 1453:(Under construction) 1012:Wind farms in the US 830:(February 4, 2010). 533:United States portal 271:Pakini Nui Wind Farm 32:Wind power in Hawaii 1723:Secretary of Energy 1651:Energy independence 1397:Offshore wind farms 1031:Wind power by state 767:Honolulu Civil Beat 740:Honolulu Civil Beat 664:www.bizjournals.com 467:offshore wind power 436: 406:Community reactions 343:Proposed wind farms 101: 1693:Fossil fuels lobby 1549:Wind Capital Group 1002:NASA wind turbines 689:www.aes-hawaii.com 462: 432: 399:Lalamilo Wind Farm 179:Kaheawa Wind Power 99: 83: 75: 29: 26:Kaheawa Wind Power 2937: 2936: 2929:Wallis and Futuna 2837:Associated states 2717: 2716: 2482: 2481: 1728:Smart grid policy 1698:Hydropower policy 1688:Federal Power Act 1603: 1602: 1534:UGE International 1368:San Gorgonio Pass 900:. October 6, 2016 622:energy.hawaii.gov 491:Wind power portal 453: 452: 390:Former wind farms 338: 337: 225:Kahuku Wind Power 2962: 2955:Energy in Hawaii 2919:Pitcairn Islands 2889:French Polynesia 2874:Christmas Island 2803:Papua New Guinea 2783:Marshall Islands 2756:Sovereign states 2744: 2737: 2730: 2721: 2720: 2224:Washington, D.C. 1929: 1928: 1683:Energy subsidies 1644:Politics and law 1630: 1623: 1616: 1607: 1606: 1591: 1590: 1579: 1578: 1568: 1567: 1271:Large wind farms 1265: 979: 972: 965: 956: 955: 928: 927: 916: 910: 909: 907: 905: 890: 884: 883: 881: 879: 865: 859: 853: 847: 846: 844: 842: 824: 818: 817: 806: 800: 799: 797: 795: 784: 778: 777: 775: 773: 758: 752: 751: 749: 747: 742:. March 10, 2022 732: 726: 725: 723: 721: 706: 700: 699: 697: 695: 681: 675: 674: 672: 670: 656: 650: 644: 638: 632: 626: 625: 619: 611: 605: 604: 602: 600: 586: 560:Energy in Hawaii 549: 544: 543: 542: 535: 530: 529: 528: 521: 516: 515: 507: 502: 501: 493: 488: 487: 437: 371:Hawaiian Islands 367: 355: 102: 98: 65:Notable projects 49:, and the 2.3MW 2970: 2969: 2965: 2964: 2963: 2961: 2960: 2959: 2940: 2939: 2938: 2933: 2861: 2855: 2838: 2832: 2813:Solomon Islands 2751: 2748: 2718: 2713: 2698: 2612: 2517: 2507: 2478: 2250: 2243: 1980: 1973: 1920: 1738: 1737:Energy by state 1732: 1639: 1634: 1604: 1599: 1562: 1553: 1462: 1433:SouthCoast Wind 1392: 1298:Capricorn Ridge 1266: 1257: 1026: 988: 983: 937: 932: 931: 918: 917: 913: 903: 901: 892: 891: 887: 877: 875: 867: 866: 862: 854: 850: 840: 838: 825: 821: 808: 807: 803: 793: 791: 786: 785: 781: 771: 769: 759: 755: 745: 743: 734: 733: 729: 719: 717: 707: 703: 693: 691: 685:"Nā Pua Makani" 683: 682: 678: 668: 666: 658: 657: 653: 645: 641: 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Carolina 1170: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1034: 1032: 1028: 1027: 1025: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1004: 999: 993: 990: 989: 982: 981: 974: 967: 959: 953: 952: 943: 936: 935:External links 933: 930: 929: 911: 885: 860: 848: 819: 801: 779: 753: 727: 701: 676: 651: 639: 627: 606: 580: 579: 577: 574: 573: 572: 567: 562: 557: 551: 550: 536: 522: 508: 494: 478: 475: 473:up to 400 MW. 451: 450: 446: 445: 440: 430: 428: 425: 407: 404: 403: 402: 396: 391: 388: 369: 362: 361: 357: 350: 349: 348: 347: 346: 344: 341: 336: 335: 333: 330: 327: 324: 322: 319: 313: 312: 310: 307: 304: 301: 299: 298:Hawaii County 296: 294:Lalamilo Wells 290: 289: 287: 284: 281: 278: 276: 273: 267: 266: 264: 261: 258: 255: 253: 250: 244: 243: 241: 238: 235: 232: 230: 227: 221: 220: 218: 215: 212: 209: 207: 204: 198: 197: 195: 192: 189: 186: 184: 181: 175: 174: 172: 169: 166: 163: 161: 158: 156:Hawi Wind Farm 152: 151: 149: 146: 143: 140: 138: 135: 131: 130: 127: 122: 117: 112: 109: 106: 97: 89: 87: 84: 66: 63: 51:Lalamilo Wells 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2967: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2947: 2945: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2904:New Caledonia 2902: 2900: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2884:Easter Island 2882: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2866: 2864: 2858: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2843: 2841: 2835: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2760: 2758: 2754: 2745: 2740: 2738: 2733: 2731: 2726: 2725: 2722: 2710: 2709: 2708:Energy portal 2705: 2704: 2701: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2667: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2621: 2619: 2617:Organizations 2615: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2597: 2594: 2592: 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1799: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1743: 1741: 1735: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1669: 1668:Energy policy 1666: 1662: 1659: 1658: 1657: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1648: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1631: 1626: 1624: 1619: 1617: 1612: 1611: 1608: 1596: 1595: 1586: 1584: 1583: 1574: 1572: 1571: 1566: 1560: 1559: 1556: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1509:National Wind 1507: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1482: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1469: 1465: 1458: 1457:Vineyard Wind 1455: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1443: 1440: 1437: 1434: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1422: 1419: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1405: 1404:Aqua Ventus I 1402: 1401: 1399: 1395: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1348:Panther Creek 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1288:Biglow Canyon 1286: 1284: 1283:Altamont Pass 1281: 1279: 1276: 1275: 1273: 1269: 1264: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1243:West Virginia 1241: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1153:New Hampshire 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1118:Massachusetts 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1035: 1033: 1029: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 994: 991: 987: 980: 975: 973: 968: 966: 961: 960: 957: 951: 947: 944: 942: 939: 938: 925: 921: 915: 899: 895: 889: 874: 870: 864: 857: 852: 837: 833: 829: 823: 815: 811: 805: 789: 783: 772:September 21, 768: 764: 757: 741: 737: 731: 716: 712: 705: 690: 686: 680: 665: 661: 655: 648: 643: 637:Table 1.17.B. 636: 631: 623: 616: 610: 595: 591: 585: 581: 571: 568: 566: 563: 561: 558: 556: 553: 552: 548: 547:Hawaii portal 537: 534: 523: 520: 519:Energy portal 514: 509: 506: 500: 495: 492: 486: 481: 474: 472: 468: 458: 448: 447: 439: 438: 435: 424: 422: 418: 413: 400: 397: 394: 393: 387: 385: 375: 372: 366: 354: 334: 331: 323: 320: 318: 317:Nā Pua Makani 315: 314: 311: 308: 300: 297: 295: 292: 291: 288: 285: 277: 275:Hawaii County 274: 272: 269: 268: 265: 262: 254: 251: 249: 248:Kawailoa Wind 246: 245: 242: 239: 231: 228: 226: 223: 222: 219: 216: 208: 205: 203: 200: 199: 196: 193: 185: 182: 180: 177: 176: 173: 170: 162: 160:Hawaii County 159: 157: 154: 153: 150: 147: 139: 136: 133: 132: 128: 123: 118: 110: 107: 104: 103: 94: 79: 71: 62: 60: 56: 53:wind farm on 52: 48: 44: 39: 37: 36:wind turbines 33: 27: 23: 19: 2898: 2860:Dependencies 2846:Cook Islands 2706: 2429:South Dakota 2424:Rhode Island 2419:Pennsylvania 2399:North Dakota 2293: 2189:South Dakota 2179:Rhode Island 2174:Pennsylvania 2154:North Dakota 1861:North Dakota 1739:or territory 1592: 1580: 1561: 1323:Horse Hollow 1313:Fowler Ridge 1208:South Dakota 1203:Rhode Island 1198:Pennsylvania 1178:North Dakota 1072: 923: 914: 902:. Retrieved 897: 888: 876:. Retrieved 873:www.nrel.gov 872: 863: 858:Table 5.4.B. 851: 841:November 14, 839:. Retrieved 822: 813: 804: 792:. Retrieved 782: 770:. Retrieved 766: 756: 744:. Retrieved 739: 730: 718:. Retrieved 715:E&E News 714: 704: 692:. Retrieved 688: 679: 667:. Retrieved 663: 654: 642: 630: 624:. June 2018. 621: 609: 597:. Retrieved 593: 584: 463: 433: 409: 381: 40: 31: 30: 18: 2793:New Zealand 2284:Connecticut 2104:Mississippi 2019:Connecticut 1881:Puerto Rico 1766:Connecticut 1514:Native Wind 1421:Empire Wind 1338:Meadow Lake 1333:Los Vientos 1303:Cedar Creek 1293:Buffalo Gap 1063:Connecticut 694:January 19, 647:Wind Energy 594:www.eia.gov 421:opeapea bat 206:Maui County 183:Maui County 137:Maui County 111:Coordinates 86:Operational 2944:Categories 2459:Washington 2384:New Mexico 2379:New Jersey 2274:California 2219:Washington 2139:New Mexico 2134:New Jersey 2009:California 1949:Geothermal 1901:Washington 1846:New Mexico 1756:California 1656:Energy law 1451:South Fork 1447:(proposed) 1441:(proposed) 1439:Ocean Wind 1435:(proposed) 1429:(proposed) 1423:(proposed) 1383:Sweetwater 1363:Rush Creek 1308:Flat Ridge 1238:Washington 1163:New Mexico 1158:New Jersey 1053:California 576:References 43:wind power 2763:Australia 2508:emissions 2469:Wisconsin 2434:Tennessee 2349:Minnesota 2234:Wisconsin 2194:Tennessee 2099:Minnesota 2074:Louisiana 1969:Renewable 1964:Petroleum 1911:Wisconsin 1886:Tennessee 1831:Minnesota 1816:Louisiana 1504:Invenergy 1248:Wisconsin 1213:Tennessee 1128:Minnesota 794:March 11, 746:March 11, 720:March 11, 669:March 11, 599:April 13, 427:Potential 119:Number of 2778:Kiribati 2454:Virginia 2409:Oklahoma 2389:New York 2364:Nebraska 2354:Missouri 2344:Michigan 2334:Maryland 2324:Kentucky 2304:Illinois 2289:Delaware 2279:Colorado 2269:Arkansas 2214:Virginia 2164:Oklahoma 2144:New York 2119:Nebraska 2109:Missouri 2094:Michigan 2084:Maryland 2069:Kentucky 2049:Illinois 2024:Delaware 2014:Colorado 2004:Arkansas 1979:Solar by 1932:Material 1871:Oklahoma 1851:New York 1836:Missouri 1826:Michigan 1796:Illinois 1761:Colorado 1751:Arkansas 1661:New York 1582:Category 1479:Avangrid 1445:Skipjack 1373:Sherbino 1353:Peñascal 1318:Highland 1233:Virginia 1188:Oklahoma 1168:New York 1143:Nebraska 1133:Missouri 1123:Michigan 1113:Maryland 1103:Kentucky 1083:Illinois 1068:Delaware 1058:Colorado 1048:Arkansas 477:See also 410:In 2019 121:Turbines 114:Capacity 108:Location 2924:Tokelau 2828:Vanuatu 2474:Wyoming 2449:Vermont 2359:Montana 2309:Indiana 2264:Arizona 2249:Wind by 2239:Wyoming 2209:Vermont 2114:Montana 2054:Indiana 2034:Georgia 2029:Florida 1999:Arizona 1989:Alabama 1959:Nuclear 1939:Biofuel 1925:Sources 1916:Wyoming 1896:Vermont 1801:Indiana 1776:Georgia 1771:Florida 1594:Commons 1539:US Wind 1494:GE Wind 1427:Marwind 1417:(pilot) 1406:(pilot) 1253:Wyoming 1228:Vermont 1138:Montana 1088:Indiana 1043:Arizona 904:June 9, 878:June 9, 2899:Hawaii 2823:Tuvalu 2414:Oregon 2369:Nevada 2319:Kansas 2294:Hawaii 2259:Alaska 2169:Oregon 2124:Nevada 2064:Kansas 2039:Hawaii 1994:Alaska 1876:Oregon 1841:Nevada 1811:Kansas 1786:Hawaii 1746:Alaska 1544:Vestas 1358:Roscoe 1193:Oregon 1148:Nevada 1098:Kansas 1073:Hawaii 1038:Alaska 412:Kahuku 126:Opened 59:MOD-5B 2818:Tonga 2808:Samoa 2798:Palau 2788:Nauru 2679:NRECA 2624:ACORE 2439:Texas 2329:Maine 2299:Idaho 2251:state 2199:Texas 2079:Maine 2044:Idaho 1981:state 1891:Texas 1791:Idaho 1328:Limon 1218:Texas 1108:Maine 1078:Idaho 618:(PDF) 332:2021 309:2017 129:Refs 2894:Guam 2851:Niue 2773:Fiji 2669:EPRI 2664:EESI 2649:BTEC 2644:AWEA 2639:ASES 2634:APPA 2608:USGS 2596:WAPA 2591:SWPA 2586:SEPA 2576:PMAs 2566:FERC 2549:NREL 2539:EERE 2529:CARB 2444:Utah 2404:Ohio 2314:Iowa 2204:Utah 2159:Ohio 2059:Iowa 1944:Coal 1866:Ohio 1806:Iowa 1781:Guam 1278:Alta 1223:Utah 1183:Ohio 1093:Iowa 906:2018 880:2018 843:2012 796:2017 774:2022 748:2022 722:2022 696:2024 671:2022 601:2019 303:3.3 286:2007 263:2012 240:2011 217:2012 194:2006 171:2006 165:10.6 148:2012 124:Year 116:(MW) 105:Name 55:Oahu 47:Maui 2694:RMI 2689:PIA 2684:PFI 2674:NEI 2659:EEI 2654:EBI 2629:API 2603:TVA 2581:BPA 2571:NRC 2561:EPA 2544:EIA 2534:DOE 1489:CIP 326:24 2946:: 2554:OE 948:– 922:. 896:. 871:. 834:. 812:. 765:. 738:. 713:. 687:. 662:. 620:. 592:. 423:. 386:. 329:8 306:5 283:14 280:21 260:30 257:69 237:12 234:30 214:14 211:21 191:20 188:30 168:16 142:24 2743:e 2736:t 2729:v 2506:2 1629:e 1622:t 1615:v 978:e 971:t 964:v 926:. 908:. 882:. 845:. 816:. 798:. 776:. 750:. 724:. 698:. 673:. 603:. 145:8 95:.

Index


Kaheawa Wind Power
wind turbines
wind power
Maui
Lalamilo Wells
Oahu
MOD-5B


List of power stations in Hawaii § Wind
Hawi Wind Farm
Kaheawa Wind Power
Kaheawa Wind Power II
Kahuku Wind Power
Kawailoa Wind
Pakini Nui Wind Farm
Lalamilo Wells
Nā Pua Makani


Hawaiian Islands
topographic map
Bureau of Ocean Energy Management
Lalamilo Wind Farm
Kahuku
Honolulu City Council
opeapea bat

offshore wind power

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