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There are indications that winter swimmers do not contract diseases as often as the general population. The incidence of infectious diseases affecting the upper respiratory tract is 40% lower among winter swimmers when compared to a control group. Short term exposure of the whole body to cold water
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drops low enough for hypothermia to occur. Many people would probably be able to survive for almost an hour. There is no consensus on these figures however; according to different estimates a person can survive for 45 minutes in 0.3 °C (32.5 °F) water, but exhaustion or unconsciousness is
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There are reportedly 141 winter swimming organisations across China with a membership of more than 200,000. The younger swimmers are under ten years of age and the older ones in their 80s. In
Beijing, there are the winter swimming places such as Shichahai (什刹海), Yu Yuantan (玉渊潭) and Xihu swimming
640:, the Epiphany is celebrated on 6 January. There it is tradition for Orthodox priests to cast wooden crosses in the water, which are then retrieved by the believers. It is popularly believed that the person who finds the cross is freed from evil spirits. Other countries where this is done include
620:
alone, 30,000 believers swam in ice holes in 37 fonts during the
Epiphany of 2010. There is a popular belief that the practice erases a person's sins, but this is not endorsed by the Russian Orthodox Church. On the holiday in January 2020, 2 million people practised ice swimming in Russia for the
402:
in South West London which is home to the South London
Swimming Club. The pool is 100 yards (91 m) in length, i.e. nearly twice as long as an Olympic pool. As the winter approaches and the water temperature drops then swimmers stay in for less and less time, swimming just one or two widths
406:
The Middle Yeo Surf Life Saving Club hold the annual New Year's Day swim in
Clevedon. It is usually held 20 minutes before high tide or if the times are not conducive to a large crowd the swim is held in Marine Lake. The Middle Yeo Surf Life Saving Club swim every weekend of the year and the
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Most ice swimming places also use a specific heated "carpet" going from the locker rooms to the ice-hole, both to make walking to the hole more pleasant and for safety as otherwise the water dripping from returning swimmers would freeze and create a dangerously slippery surface to walk on.
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International winter and ice swimming competitions take place around the world with two of the larger organizing bodies being the
International Ice Swimming Association and the International Winter Swimming Association. Both organizations have similar competition guidelines including water
363:, South Maroubra Dolphins Winter Swimming Club, Cronulla Polar Bears Winter Swimming Club, Maroubra Seals Winter Swimming Club, Coolangatta Surf Life Saving Club, Clovelly Eskimos Winter Swimming Club, Coogee Penguins Winter Swimming Club, Wollongong Whales and Cottesloe Crabs in the
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Jinan is also the site of annual
Chinese national winter swimming festivals since 2014, as an international invitational festival (in 2019 attended by approx. 990 winter swimmers from 12 countries, still according Chinese rules) since 2016, and, from season 2019/2020, as the
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temperatures typically below 5 °C (41 °F), a 25 metres (82 ft) pool often cut out of frozen bodies of water, and swimmers limited to goggles, one standard bathing suit, and one latex or silicone cap - neoprene is not allowed.
414:
The
Chester Frosties are an informal Facebook group of over 1,000 swimmers who swim all year around Cheshire, Lancashire, Wirral, Merseyside and North Wales. Local specialities include tidal bore and surge swimming on the River Dee.
788:(IWSA) 3rd stage of World Cup already according to IWSA international rules. Besides competitions in swimming pool created in lake the main event and longest discipline of competitions is swimming 300 m (980 ft) from
764:, a coastal city in northeast China, hundreds of people swim in the sea in winter. Most people choose to go to the beach at noon. Some of them are concentrated in several beaches in the city, such as
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places is with a pump that forces the water to circulate under the hole, preventing ice from forming. Small ice-holes can also be kept open by keeping a lid/top over the hole to prevent ice forming.
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Sheffield
Outdoor Plungers are another informal Facebook group of 3,000 swimmers who swim in locations all over the Peak District and Sheffield area, and campaign for better access to waters.
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was originally held as a high school winter exercise, and has extend into a local event. Local junior high and high school students and men and women of all ages participate in this event.
1666:
Janský, L.; Janáková, H.; Uličný, B.; Šrámek, P.; Hošek, V.; Heller, J.; Pařízková, J. (1996). "Changes in thermal homeostasis in humans due to repeated cold water immersions".
527:, which contained the information on the contemporary understanding of water-based therapies, including the indications and contraindications to swimming in cold temperatures.
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swimming in ice holes was a popular tradition. Records are dating the tradition back to as early as 1525. It was also an important court ceremony and a folk custom in
323:) on its own is especially popular in Estonia and Finland. There is an Avantouinti Society, and swimming holes are also maintained by other groups such as the Finnish
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In Geneva the yearly Coupe de Noël is an event organized in
December since 1934. Around 2,500 participants, many of them dressed up, swim 120 metres (390 ft) in
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allow the water to remain liquid at sub-zero temperatures. Swimming in such water is significantly more challenging and dangerous. The experienced winter swimmer
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was the first
American to become a famous ice swimmer in the 1890s. He attracted worldwide attention for his daily plunge in the Mohawk River, even when the
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has several places for avantouinti, with dressing rooms and sometimes with saunas. There is also a number of ice swimming and winter sauna locations around
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872:, as well as children and the elderly. Through conditioning, experienced winter swimmers have a greater resistance to effects of the cold shock response.
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is the prevalent religion ice swimming is connected with the celebration of the Epiphany. The Epiphany is observed on 19 January according to the
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Famous locations include the Serpentine Lake in Hyde Park, London, and Highgate Ponds in Hampstead. The largest fresh water pool in the UK is the
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poses a smaller risk. According to Tucker and Dugas, it takes more than approximately 30 minutes even in 0 °C (32 °F) water until the
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prevents the formation of ice. It may also be simulated by a pool of water at 0 °C (32 °F), the temperature at which water freezes.
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Prof. Sugarman of Little Falls, whose river baths in midwinter have earned him a world wide celebrity and the title of "human polar bear,"...
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clubs" go outdoor bathing or swimming in the middle of winter. In some areas, it is unusual or ceremonial enough to attract press coverage. "
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515:, a loanword from Eastern European languages) in Poland dates back to at least 16th century, when Wojciech Oczko, the physician to the Kings
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Although there are risks associated with the practice, scientific studies also provide some evidence for the following health benefits.
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753:, where air temperature often goes below −10 °C (14 °F) in winter, hundreds of men and women ice swim each day in the
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Winter swimming can be dangerous to people who are not used to swimming in very cold water. After immersion in cold water the
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486:" or New year's dive in English. In which people swim in the freezing North sea. Participants range in the thousands.
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In the coldest day of the winter, when the thermometer registered 23 degrees below zero, took his plunge as usual
853:. The cold shock response and cardiac arrest are the most common causes of death related to cold water immersion.
585:. To celebrate this, holes are cut in the ice on rivers, lakes or other bodies of water, usually in the form of a
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668:, however these events do not actually involve swimming, but rather running into the water and back out again.
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Ice swimming is also practised during the entire winter by Walrus Clubs, whose members are called "walruses" (
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The International Ice Swimming Association hosts an official ice swimming event at the Wöhrsee, a lake in
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rather than several lengths. Races take place all year including on Christmas Day and New Year's Day.
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before winter swimming should be avoided because it speeds the onset and progression of hypothermia.
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or religious ritual, but a way to cool off rapidly after staying in a sauna and as a stress relief.
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Winter swimming is not dangerous for healthy persons, but should be avoided by individuals with
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claims to be the oldest Winter Swimming club in the world founded in 1921. It competes against
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There are some clubs where people swim all year in a pool, a lake, or a river. Locations are
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166:, when the water is frozen over. This requires either breaking the ice or entering where a
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Ice swimming on the Epiphany is relatively new. It was practised by only a few before the
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association (Suomen Latu). The Finnish Sauna Society maintains an avanto for sauna goers.
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beach, there are also some swimmers who choose to go swimming in the sea before sunrise.
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Competitions for winter swimming also exist. Many winter swimmers swim with standard
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as well as regular swims in the Atlantic Ocean every Sunday from November to April.
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1412:"Orthodox Believers Celebrate Epiphany 2013 With Icy Dip Seeking Crucifix (PHOTOS)"
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1642:"Exercise in the cold, Part II. A physiological trip through cold water exposure"
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injury in his fingers. It took him four months to regain sensation in his hands.
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hit −23 °F (−31 °C), earning him the nickname "the human polar bear".
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is a place of annual winter swimming festival. The big event is swimming across
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Care should be taken when winter swimming in swimming pools and seas near the
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An ice hole is cut in the form of a cross in Russia to celebrate the Epiphany.
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swam near the North Pole in −1.7 °C (28.9 °F) water and suffered a
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ice swimming may have been practiced since pagan times. During the times of
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1207:'Euphoric': Why is there a boom in sea swimming, and is it good for you?
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will occur, causing an uncontrollable gasp for air. This is followed by
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The oldest registered association for winter swimming enthusiasts, the
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There are many places to swim without sauna in Finland during winter.
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and feel more energetic, active and brisk. Swimmers who suffer from
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or other thermal protection. Famous ice and winter swimmers include
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The Coney Island Polar Bears club in the water on December 22, 2013
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forthcoming swim times are published in their alcove in Top Beach,
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1085:"Water Classification - International Winter Swimming Association"
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612:. However, the ritual became very popular in the 1990s since the
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1243:"For Swimmers With Ice Water in Their Veins, an Event to Match"
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of 1917 and occurred even less frequently in the time of the
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Siems, W. G.; Brenke, R.; Sommerburg, O.; Grune, T. (1999).
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during the winter season, typically in outdoor locations (
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Huttunen, Pirkko; Kokko, Leena; Ylijukuri, Virpi (2004).
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The oldest ice swimming club in the United States is the
664:" are conducted as fund-raisers for charity, notably the
632:, "morzhi"). In other Eastern European countries such as
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Swimming in ice hole in Chechło-Nakło reservoir in Poland
443:
1439:"Beautiful and Otherworldly Photos of Orthodox Epiphany"
1363:"Über zwei Millionen Russen bei traditionellem Eisbaden"
672:
briefly joins a New York polar bears club in the sitcom
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the ice swimming tradition has been connected with the
1801:"Improved antioxidative protection in winter swimmers"
1757:
1338:"Russia's trend for dipping children in frozen rivers"
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In Scheveningen there is a yearly event known as the "
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Also, many locations in North America and Europe hold
1136:"Baltic & Scandinavian Cruises | Northern Europe"
804:, winter exercises, or as a local traditional event.
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In Russia and other Eastern European countries where
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Nordic countries of Europe as well in Eastern Europe
239:One way that the hole is maintained at regular ice
59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1060:"IWSA - International Winter Swimming Association"
681:The Russian immigrant professor Louis Sugarman of
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162:. In colder countries, it may be synonymous with
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1710:"Hypothermia Prevention: Survival in Cold Water"
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143:Two Russian women about to swim in a frozen lake
1463:The Johnstown Daily Republican (7 April 1899).
1035:"International Ice Swimming Association - Home"
883:expected to occur within 15 minutes. Consuming
712:. The club organizes an annual polar plunge on
945:rating scale, winter swimmers experience less
926:Man smiling to camera while ice swimming at a
1760:"Winter swimming improves general well-being"
953:and more vigor. They report to have a better
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1764:International Journal of Circumpolar Health
1268:"Près de 2500 courageux à la Coupe de Noël"
973:report that winter swimming relieves pain.
1308:"Ice Swimming: Russia Celebrates Epiphany"
1270:. 15 December 2019 – via www.tdg.ch.
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1805:QJM: An International Journal of Medicine
1775:
1541:"Welcome to Coney Island Polar Bear Club"
1335:
1163:. Tampere.fi. 22 May 2007. Archived from
898:added to water in swimming pools and the
786:International Winter Swimming Association
450:each last Sunday of February since 1963.
119:Learn how and when to remove this message
1512:
1390:"Ice Swimming With 'Walruses' in Russia"
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365:Winter Swimming Association of Australia
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1369:(in Swiss High German). 19 January 2020
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800:It is held on beaches and rivers, as a
737:, northern China, many ice swim in the
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1733:"The swimmers with ice in their veins"
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1209:Sydney Morning Herald 31 December 2020
656:The members of Canadian and American "
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1563:"3rd stage (Daming Lake, Jinan 2020)"
1484:The New York Sun (25 December 1898).
446:. The most famous race is across the
378:and the Shrinkäge swim group swim in
357:Bronte Splashers Winter Swimming Club
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57:adding citations to reliable sources
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1702:
1519:. Going Coastal. pp. 256–257.
1281:Skopich, Yulia (11 December 2019).
749:about 300 metres (980 ft). In
361:Bondi Icebergs Winter Swimming Club
24:
1495:The Otsego Farmer (7 April 1899).
1336:Moskvitch, Katia (22 March 2011).
917:
807:The one held on the Hojo Coast in
255:
25:
1882:
1836:
1731:Wallop, Harry (3 December 2012).
1486:"Professor Sugarman's Cold Baths"
1437:Horn, Heather (19 January 2013).
1221:"Traversée de la Meuse à la nage"
730:pool in Qinghua University, etc.
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393:
388:
1470:. The Johnstown Daily Republican
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1219:Hennau, Marc (15 January 2015).
1114:www.internationaliceswimming.com
1039:www.internationaliceswimming.com
651:
597:, after a priest says a prayer.
507:The history of winter swimming (
382:, the latter at Elwood Beach in
33:
1640:Tucker, Ross; Dugas, Jonathan.
1605:
1580:
1555:
1355:
1300:
1283:"Swim Season Opens in December"
1274:
1260:
1241:Andrew Keh (15 December 2016).
1234:
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792:to the venue of the World Cup.
614:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
264:Ice swimming in Estonia in 1972
235:Maintaining the hole in the ice
44:needs additional citations for
1543:. Coney Island Polar Bear Club
1465:"Prof. Sugarman's Latest Feat"
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1314:(in Russian). 16 January 2018
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567:Eastern Orthodox Christianity
1190:"Australian Winter Swimming"
702:Coney Island Polar Bear Club
346:
7:
1516:Going Coastal New York City
984:
10:
1887:
1588:"IWSA World Cup 2019-2020"
1513:La Rocco, Barbara (2004).
453:
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158:) or in unheated pools or
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538:Eastern Europe and Russia
494:
1777:10.3402/ijch.v63i2.17700
821:and Senbonhama Beach in
795:
724:
223:, commonly to celebrate
719:
608:, when Christians were
575:Russian Orthodox Church
534:, was founded in 1975.
523:, published a treatise
312:, it is not seen as an
135:Ice swimming in Finland
1818:10.1093/qjmed/92.4.193
943:profile of mood states
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706:Coney Island, New York
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547:
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1712:. Minnesota Sea Grant
1680:10.1007/s004240050146
1499:. The Otsego Farmer.
925:
825:are also well known.
708:, founded in 1903 by
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545:
502:
263:
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1646:The Science of Sport
862:respiratory diseases
577:. The day marks the
53:improve this article
1861:Open water swimming
1497:"Mid-Winter Bather"
1416:The Huffington Post
1110:"IISA RULES | IISA"
937:When compared to a
866:high blood pressure
835:cold shock response
532:Gdański Klub Morsów
376:Brighton Icebergers
308:traditions. Unlike
251:National traditions
156:open water swimming
150:is the activity of
1006:Cold water dousing
932:
778:Bangchuidao Island
698:
662:Polar bear plunges
621:baptism of Jesus.
602:October Revolution
548:
521:Sigismund III Vasa
505:
266:
221:polar bear plunges
145:
137:
1161:"Winter swimming"
1140:Celebrity Cruises
1116:. 21 January 2017
1011:Polar bear plunge
957:function, better
908:Lewis Gordon Pugh
849:and consequently
710:Bernarr MacFadden
560:Tsardom of Russia
214:Lewis Gordon Pugh
204:rather than with
195:Eastern Orthodoxy
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68:"Winter swimming"
16:(Redirected from
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1418:. 6 January 2013
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683:Little Falls, NY
666:Special Olympics
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579:baptism of Jesus
556:Moscovian Russia
509:pływanie w zimie
400:Tooting Bec Lido
380:Port Phillip Bay
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571:Julian calendar
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517:Stephen Báthory
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478:The Netherlands
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367:Championships.
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1392:. ABC News
1373:27 October
1318:20 January
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1022:References
963:rheumatism
930:in Finland
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