Women in aviation - Knowledge

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the skewed wage structure, the organization culture in the industry has continually favored men regarding career advancement up the ladder. Few women advance their careers in the aviation industry as many top positions are held by men. Women have faced a tough time, climbing from the bottom of the ladder up, while men have seamlessly and without a struggle, spend less time at the lower tiers of the career ladder before assuming top positions. In recent attempts to lessen the barrier between men and women in the aviation field programs to help even the playing field have become more abundant. Programs such as A-WING, a program run by over 60 volunteers aims to teach more young women about the aviation job opportunities. The organization is funded through donations which are used to produce educational materials, create speaking and networking opportunities and enable attendance at job fairs and get more women into the aerospace field. Their goal is to increase women in the aerospace job field by 25% by 2025, a goal they call "25 by 25". Programs like these are becoming more prominent in modern society to help with the inequalities in career advancement for women in aviation.

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compass, and with the gauge broken, had to land the plane . She safely landed the plane, an event that would mark her 40-year career in the aviation industry. After earning Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA) instrument rating and a seaplane rating in 1940, Nancy, alongside other 32 pilots, were tasked with flying American airplanes to Canada, from where they would be shipped to France. At the age of 28, she was appointed as the Director of the Women's Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron, WAFS, an organization of women who tested aircraft, ferried aircraft and trained other pilots on how to fly aircraft. This WAFS organization played a pivotal role in the integration of women pilots to the military. Under her command, women flew every type of military aircraft. In addition, through her firm belief that women could still co-exist with men and take on non-traditional roles, more doors were opened for more women in the aviation industry .

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Through her savings, which she made while playing softball at semi-professional level, she bought her aircraft, a war surplus Fairchild PT-23. She would later receive her commercial pilot license at the age of 18, permitting her to fly professionally. Jerrie later joined the Lovelace Foundation, where she passed all 75 Mercury astronaut tests. After further tests, Jerry, among the other 11 astronaut candidates were chosen for Project Mercury. Even though she would later be dropped based on lacking jet piloting experience, her contribution to the aviation industry-inspired many other women to join the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the aviation industry in general.

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1970, 42.3 percent of the undergraduate students were women, a figure which has grown up to 56.1 percent in 2007. This improvement is key, as it signifies that women have the access to education and training programs than ever before. Contextually, women can access the needed aviation training just like their male counterparts. Therefore, it eliminates the basis of women being incapable of handling particular job profiles and not being capable of working in certain capacities. Thus, women ought to have the same opportunities as men, given the abundance of skills and expertise.

795: 12473: 11994: 11962: 11592: 11537: 10717: 10259: 269: 1600:(1963), depicted stewardesses as stylish seekers of romance. Wearing custom-fitted uniforms, attendants were career women, whose looks, marital status and childlessness were guarded by industry executives, much as Hollywood starlets had been. On the one hand, they were to project an ideal of womanhood, but on the other, they were used to sell airline travel through their sexuality. The double standard that they faced as well as the glamorous lifestyle they lived, shot to the best-seller's list with the publication in 1967 of the book, 952: 6127: 6175: 3946: 6151: 6139: 6103: 6163: 6091: 6079: 1215: 1962: 1655: 327: 420: 2606:

Given the level of high fees paid during the training, and considering the low incomes paid to women at the start of their careers, it is important that they incentivized in their studies and training. Given the high costs of qualifications, the costly nature of the relevant licenses, and the time consumed, many aviation students end up discontinuing their studies. An increasing number of women scholarships since the 1980s had no impact on the number of women in the industry.

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passengers. During World War II, women from every continent helped with war efforts, though mostly restricted from military flight, many flew in auxiliary services. In the 1950s and 1960s, women were primarily restricted to serving in support fields such as flight simulation training, air traffic control, and as flight attendants. Since the 1970s, women have been allowed to participate in military service in most countries.

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affects pilots and why it is important to evolve the culture in the aviation industry. Having an understanding of the impacts of these attitudes helps in forging great relationships and interactions amongst the diverse flight crews. Women also need to be encouraged to take up these careers to address the underlying problem where women have previously been discouraged from pursuing a professional career in aviation.

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Grass-roots efforts have seen success with training for bush pilots in transport, medical assistance and policing. Efforts are on-going to increase the numbers of women because women are less likely to move to other areas if they as able to find sufficient employment and opportunities in their own communities. As of 2016, seven of the top ten markets in terms of growth-speed of aviation were in Africa. In 2022,

150: 1979:, which the court monitored over the next decades and decreed in 1995 had been sufficiently addressed. In Africa, lack of a strong national carrier resulted in many tourism routes being overtaken by European airlines, but growth in the sector during the 1980s and 1990s saw that 26% of the market share on intercontinental flights were run by Africans. In 2348:

towards the growth and the development of the aviation industry. She warned those who flew aircraft on the dangers of being overconfident and emphasized on the importance of observing safety while piloting . Taught how to fly by John Moisant, Quimby was the first woman to fly across the English Channel. As a contributing journalist in magazines

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continuously implemented to make it easy for women to enter in the aviation industry and progress up the career ladder up to the top management positions. A positive attitude and a change of culture in the aviation industry are needed if men will change their perspective regarding the involvement of women in the aviation industry.

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Previous studies demonstrate that affirmative action has compelled women to develop their careers as pilots. It has motivated women to take up the challenges and enter the male-dominated occupation. Following the success of this initiative thus far, albeit unsatisfactorily, it is important that it is

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Even though in history, women faced exclusion from education, the end of the Civil War signified a new era where women were then allowed to attend classes side by side with the men. More recently, the rates of women attending classes and going through education systems have improved significantly. In

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A celebrated pioneer in the United States, Quimby was adventurous and encouraged more women to join the aviation industry. Through her weekly articles in various magazines, she challenged women, and through her visions of airlines to ferry people and scheduled air routes, she made a huge contribution

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Over the years since the beginning of the twentieth century, there have been many remarkable moments by women in the aviation industry. However, few were pioneers, and their influence and impact were huge, paving the way for more women to be involved in the different aspects of the aviation industry.

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In the 1970s, women were again, for the first time since WWII, permitted to fly in the United States Armed Forces, beginning with the Navy and the Army in 1974, and then the Air Force in 1976. By the mid-1970s, women were predicting that there would be a large increase in female pilots because of the

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became the first woman to break the sound barrier in 1953. She had to use a Canadian Canadair Sabre 3 as the U.S. military refuse her access to American aircraft. By June 1953, she was the holder of "all but one of the principal world airplane speed records for straightaway and closed-course flight"

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Even though the tuition fees for tertiary institutions is not analyzed in this study, receiving the required training and knowledge requires a substantial financial investment. An extensive research found that these tuition and training fees are paid by either parent, the students, or through loans.

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Today women's participation in the aviation sector remains low. As of December 2019, just 5.4% (25,485 out of 466,900) of all certified civilian pilots (private and commercial) in the United States were women. In December 1980, there were 26,896 female certified civilian pilots in the United States.

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Until the 1970s, aviation had been a traditionally male occupation in the United States. Commerce Department regulations virtually required pilots to have flown in the military to acquire sufficient flight hours, and until the 1970s, the U.S. Air Force and Navy barred women from flying and they were

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to assist her husband in his mining business. Asegedech Assefa became the first Ethiopian woman to earn a pilot's license in 1962. That same year, Jacqueline Cochran became the first woman to fly a jet across the Atlantic Ocean. She was also the first woman to break the sound barrier. Throughout the

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always claimed to be the first American woman to fly an airplane, but as she was seated when a gust of wind took her up on her brief flight in September 1910, the "accidental" flight went unrecognized. Within two years, she had established herself as a daredevil pilot and was known as the "Tomboy of

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she shared her experiences and the lessons she learned while piloting. In one of her articles entitled 'Aviation as a Feminine Sport' Quimby noted that there was no reason as to why women would not be as confident as their male counterparts. She added that as long as a person observed maximum care,

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In the 1950s and 1960s, air travel was expensive and few people of color could afford to fly. U.S. segregation laws were slowly being overturned to lift barriers for not only travel, but for employment opportunities. Coupled with the influx of workers from the Indian subcontinent and the Caribbean,

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were able to purchase "surplus and decommissioned planes". Wanting to fly, but with little demand after the war, pilots purchased the planes and went from town to town offering rides. Creating attractions to bring in crowds, these daredevils performed stunts, loops and began wing walking to attract

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who was the first woman in the world to successfully pass a flight test and earn a pilot licence on March 8, 1910. In 1909, a pilot licence had become required to fly commercially and participate in air shows. Seven other French women followed her, earning pilot's licenses within the next year. One

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Wage inequality between men and women has not only been a talking point in the aviation industry but also in other industries where women are paid significantly less than men. Despite possessing the same skills, expertise, and experience, women are not paid the same in the industry. In addition to

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was recorded as the first woman police pilot in the United States by the American Business Reference Inc. while working for Horsham Township Police Department in Pennsylvania. She contributed in excess of 1,000 hours of personal time to the Air Ambulance and Helicopter Unit without remuneration of

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was the first international woman ferry pilot who flew planes across the Atlantic and Pacific oceans over 340 times, more than any other non-airline pilot. In 1971, she set a women's speed record by flying a single-engine land plane from New York to London in 17 hours and 10 minutes, a record that

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began, women became involved in combat. In the United States, prior to the war, pilots typically flew only in good weather, so that they could judge ground position. Flying in combat required pilots to fly in varying conditions, and a push for instrument training began. By 1944, around 6,000 women

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in 1940 to honor her memory and perpetuate her ideals and love of flying. From a single scholarship of $ 125 in 1941, the annual Amelia Earhart Memorial Scholarship Fund has provided over $ 12 million in scholarships to women from around the world to advance and succeed in aviation and aerospace.

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canceled use of their facilities as there were no NASA officials involved. Public hearings were held by a special Subcommittee of the House Committee on Science and Astronautics in 1962. Because NASA required all astronauts to attain an engineering degree and be graduates of military jet piloting

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in 1942, offering women 2/3 the pay of their male counterparts. Though barred from combat and flying, women performed aircraft maintenance and served in air traffic control, in addition to other duties. By the end of the war, over 17,000 Canadian women had served in the Women's Division either at

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was founded in 2008 in an attempt to mentor and inspire young women to train in the aviation industry, as estimates for women in the field fall considerably below 6%. Though there is a high level of need across Africa for rural aviation, there is insufficient infrastructure to support expansion.

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Orville Wright was injured in 1908, Katherine moved close to the hospital to take care of him. After the Wright brothers patented their aircraft in 1906, she worked as their executive secretary. In 1909, she traveled to Europe to become the social manager for her brothers. Her brothers were very

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to their work. She found teachers who could help with the Wright's flying experiments. Katherine first flew with her brothers in 1909 and knew "everything about the working of their machines". Katherine supported them financially, giving them her savings and also supported them emotionally. When

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Within the first two decades of powered flight, female pilots were breaking speed, endurance and altitude records. They were competing and winning against the men in air races, and women on every continent except Antarctica had begun to fly, perform in aerial shows, parachute, and even transport

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Born to a commercial pilot in 1931, Jerrie Cobb was the first woman to qualify to go into space. Through the help of her father and football coach, who was a flight instructor and owned a plane, Jerrie learned how to fly, and by the time of her birthday at 17, she got a private pilot's license.

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Born in February 1914, Nancy played an instrumental role in the acceptance of women, both as career and military pilots. At the age of 16 years, with only 15 hours of solo time, Nancy flew a plane from Boston to Poughkeepsie, New York, where the weather changed. She did not know how to read the

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Attitudes, stereotypes, and prejudices are embedded in culture and have played a significant role in inequality in the aviation industry. It, therefore, important that men are educated on the impact of these attitudes and prejudices against women. They have to be educated on how their behavior

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became the first woman to fly a commercial airliner in the United States of America and went on to quit that job in ten months because the all-male pilot's union would not admit her and she rarely got to fly. Airlines continue to discriminate against women until it became illegal thanks to the

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has been very successful at recruiting women to pilot commercial airliners. In 2014, women made up 11.6% of pilots. Women credit the extended family support systems that exist which help them balance family and career. By 2012, China's PLAAF had trained more than 300 female pilots and over 200

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on October 8, 1941, and all of the women were volunteers. The Night Witches flew 30,000 missions and "dumped 23,000 tons of bombs on the German invaders": the unit was granted both 'Guards' status and a battle-honour: 'Taman-sky' (for their work during the Battle of Taman), and was therefore

346:, 3rd Frenchwoman licensed for airplanes, but first French woman balloonist licensed in 1901, became the first woman to fly in combat, completing bombing raids over Germany. Marvingt tried to get the government to outfit air ambulances prior to the war and became the world first certified 2564:

A survey conducted by Mitchell, Krstivics & Vermeulen in 2005 found that many women pilots were either unaware of sexism directed towards them or had not experienced any sexism directly. However, many women believe that more women are experiencing prejudice than are admitting it.

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Petty Officer 3rd Class Rosalee Burton, operates a training device designed to simulate in-flight pressure changes on aviators. As a Navy training device trainer, Burton operated, maintained, and taught about Navy training equipment at the Naval Aerospace Medicine Institute. Circa

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at age 15 in 1908. She made her first jump in 1908, and in 1913, became the first woman to jump from an aircraft. In 1914, Broadwick gave the very first demonstrations of parachute jumping to the United States government. When she retired in 1922, she had completed 1,100 jumps.

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called her the "inspiration of her brothers in their experiments". This did not prevent Orville Wright from ostracising her when she got married. He thought of this as a betrayal. She died of illness less than a year later, and he did not reach her side until after her death.

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in the United States, men were not volunteering at high enough rates; however, many women were being turned away because of limits on women's work in the military. In 1967, a law was passed allowing more women into the military and to be promoted to high ranks. In 1969,

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and the Caribbean, growth in the tourism sector through the 1990s, led to dramatic expansion of the civil aviation sector, with many countries seeing airport expansions. In military services, women's roles increased during the period in North America, Europe and Asia.

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routinely denied work in commercial piloting. The US military did not open fighter jet flights to women until 1993. Women eventually began to enter U.S. major commercial aviation in the 1970s and 1980s, with 1973 seeing the first female pilot at a major U.S. airline,

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and the independence movements in Africa and the Caribbean, British need for labor in the post-war period made recruiting of 'coloured labour' in the same period a necessity. The following decades would increasingly see more women from former colonies enter aviation.

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became the first woman pilot in Belgium, obtaining the 27th license issued in her country in 1910 and the second female licensed in Europe. Later that same year, she became the first woman to fly with a passenger. In 1910, even before she earned her pilot's license,

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also made a similar request to the US Army, however both women's ideas were put on hold until 1942. Love was then put in command of the Women's Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron , which developed a reputation for quiet efficiency and became a well-respected unit. General

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and space travel were developed. Women pilots were also formerly called "aviatrices" (singular "aviatrix"). Women have been flying powered aircraft since 1908; prior to 1970, however, most were restricted to working privately or in support roles in the

2443:(Julie Wang), now a Silver Airways captain, became the first Asian woman to fly a global circumnavigation and the first Chinese person to pilot an aircraft solo around the world, marking the emergence of women in China's general aviation sector. 532:) became China's first female pilot when she attended an airshow of the Nanyuan Aviation School and insisted that she be allowed to fly. After circling the field, tossing flowers, she crashed, becoming a national heroine when she survived. 1765:, which today is the largest regional airline in the Scandinavian countries. Turi Widerøe is still today recognized as the western world's first woman commercial pilot for a major airlines after she joined Scandinavian Airlines in 1967. 1606:

In 1963, stewardesses who held a press conference on airlines' policy of retiring stewardesses at 32, caught the attention of the country. The press conference focused attention on the airlines narrow standard of "feminine allure".

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Härkönen, Juho; Manzoni, Anna; Bihagen, Erik (September 2016). "Gender inequalities in occupational prestige across the working life: An analysis of the careers of West Germans and Swedes born from the 1920s to the 1970s".

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Biases toward women's traditional roles with men in the cockpit and women serving beverages and blankets have become ingrained, forcing women who want to fly to struggle with the attitudes of both co-workers and society.

1208: 486:, first female pilot of Italy, earned her license on January 3, 1913, and was as unsuccessful as Marvingt had been to get her government or the Red Cross to allow women to transport wounded soldiers during World War I. 1476:, American wife of Major Carl Barnett, founder of Wings Jamaica, earned the first pilot license granted to a woman in Jamaica. She later became the first Jamaican flight instructor, as well as a commercial pilot. 2324: 1089: 1786:. American also promoted the first female captain of a major U.S. airline in 1986 and the following year had the first all-woman flight crew. In other countries, women were starting to fly as pilots, such as 1970:

At the close of the century, legal efforts to eliminate barriers of race and sexism in the aviation sector resulted in industry modifications in hiring practices. In the United States, in the late 1970s the

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for distinguished service to aviation. The first graduating class of ten female Air Force officers earned their Silver Wings on September 2, 1977. These ten women were part of Class 77-08 and graduated at

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in 1955 for women helicopter pilots. She started the group as an informal interest group, but formalized it in order to better help the members network and support each other in the male-dominated field.

7520: 2315:(WAI) formed in 1990 and formalized the organization in 1994. WAI went on to establish the Pioneer Hall of Fame to honor women in aviation who had made special contributions to the field. In 1995, the 1081:. While Gökçen was not the first to have participated in military operations, she was the first woman to have been trained as a military pilot, graduating from the Aircraft School (Tayyare Mektebi) in 11544: 2502:

wrote, "Because I am a woman, I must make unusual efforts to succeed. If I fail, no one will say, 'She doesn't have what it takes.' They will say, 'Women don't have what it takes.'" Pioneer aviator,

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and her sister, Laliuma, as the first women to train at the military flight school. The sisters would graduate from helicopter school in 1991 becoming the first women Afghani pilots. Canadians

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in the late 1920s hired women as sales representatives and flight demonstrators. "The reasoning was that if a woman could fly an airplane, it really could not be that difficult or dangerous."

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was commissioned. Within a few months over 100 women recruits were providing clerical services, sewing skills, parachute packing, and serving as drivers, equipment assistants and mechanics.

1207:(née Phyllis Doreen Hooper) became the first South African woman to enter full-time military service as the Commander of the South African Women's Auxiliary Air Force (SAWAAF). In 1941, the 2316: 11187: 10165: 7995: 1335:

in 1948 and was appointed first lieutenant. She was the founding commander of the Women's Air Force Corps in 1949, but was captured and taken to North Korea when the Korean War broke out.

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and was cited for extraordinary aviation achievements for 664.2 hours of accident free flight hours. While there were many African American women in the US military, it was 1993 before

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became the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic. She urged the public to encourage and enable young women to become airplane pilots and in 1936 and 1937, she taught students at

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became the USA's first licensed female pilot on August 1, 1911, and the first woman to cross the English Channel by airplane the following year. Thirteen days after Quimby, her friend

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became the first person to fly from England to Japan, the first to fly across the Yellow Sea, and the first woman to fly around the world alone (crossing the oceans by ship) in her

187:'s chief of air service in 1811. Blanchard died in 1819, when her balloon caught fire. Although she was able to extinguish the blaze, the basket tilted and she fell to her death. 9520: 822:, a pilot who was unable to secure work flying, proposed to airline executives that women be allowed to act as hostesses on planes. She was hired on a three-month trial basis by 7971: 6777: 495: 12257: 11384: 9088: 12654: 11207: 10798:[Guangdong, China's first female pilots are beauties: the butterfly, Zhou Xuan, and those called the seven sisters] (in Chinese). Guangzhou, Guangdong, China: 羊城晚报 ( 10015: 9940: 6829: 2249: 1177:

gunnery practice. The WASPs never gained full military benefits, the organization was disbanded in December 1944. WASPs finally earned veteran status retroactively in 1979.

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has been stagnant. The global percentage of women airline pilots is 3%. While the overall number of female pilots in aviation has increased the percentage remains the same.

9989: 8802: 810:, coupled with more stringent safety regulations, caused many of the flying circuses and barnstorming circuits to fold. During the decade, options for women pilots in the 12480: 8039: 7723: 12056: 2482: 2028: 397: 11154: 10922: 7856: 10970: 560: 307: 10853: 9795: 1402:, Brazil's first licensed woman pilot, became the first female agricultural pilot when she was hired by the government to crop dust coffee fields and eliminate the 1812: 9474: 962:, a dual American-Chinese citizen, earned her pilot's license in 1932 in the United States. She went to China to volunteer to serve in the Chinese Army after the 464:

a Czech native of Prague, obtained the first Austrian license for a woman and nine days later secured the second German license for a woman. On 7 December 1910,

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The Air Transport Auxiliary (ATA), a British civilian operation during World War II, had 166 women pilots, (one in eight of all ATA pilots) under the command of

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captains at the time was "because women in aviation are a relatively recent phenomenon and everything in the airlines industry is done by seniority". In 1927,

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as its first woman pilot. She would continue to rise in the ranks until by 2008, Mpagi was a Lieutenant Colonel, serving as the head of women affairs for the

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in 1929, women flying the race faced "threats of sabotage and headlines that read, 'Race Should Be Stopped.'" Because flying was considered dangerous, many

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Air Reliability Trial entrants Meg Cornwell (left) and Margaret Sincotts in the cockpit of an Auster J-4 Archer monoplane on the tarmac at an airfield, 1953

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industry. Aviation also allowed women to "travel alone on unprecedented journeys". Women who have been successful in various aviation fields have served as

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they would not cause any accidents. Quimby had strong belief in the aviation industry of the United States and encouraged more women to take on the air .

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As of December 2020, the percentage of female civilian pilots (private and commercial in Canada is 8.15%. Canada has seen an increase to 18% of women in

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Gaucher, Danielle; Friesen, Justin; Kay, Aaron C. (2011). "Evidence that gendered wording in job advertisements exists and sustains gender inequality".

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made up only 25% in the field in 2014. Women make up less than 6% of senior executive level positions in airline companies, as of 2015. Pakistani pilot

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signed a contract to become the first female test pilot. She agreed to test "Farman-22" aircraft manufactured in the Chervonskaya airplane workshop of

490:, Romania's first woman pilot got the same response from her government about flying for the war effort and turned to journalism. On December 1, 1913, 253:, Italy, flying around 200 meters in a straight line about two and a half meters off the ground. Edith Berg, an American, who flew as a passenger with 11346: 11035: 11020: 11811: 11742: 9072: 7237:

Chapman, Stephen J.; Benis, Nicole (November 2017). "Ceteris non paribus: The intersectionality of gender, race, and region in the gender wage gap".

7049: 2222: 2170: 2044: 1473: 1469:, flew MiG-15s in combat and eventually rose to squadron leader. She was honoured with the title of Hero of the Korean People's Democratic Republic. 1204: 1185: 989: 12575: 11489: 9920: 9014: 8403: 1013:

was first Indian woman to fly, earning her aviation pilot license in 1936 in a Gypsy Moth solo. She later completed over 1000 hours of flight time.

12410: 11891: 10361: 9169: 1419: 974:; and, in 1936, she became the first woman licensed by China as a pilot. She went on to found a civilian flying school in Shanghai that same year. 133:, named for the number of founding members. By 1930, there were around 200 women pilots in th U.S. but within five years there were more than 700. 7476: 1264:

were accepted into service on 1 January 1940. Fifteen of these women pilots lost their lives in the air, including British recordbreaking aviator

871:, a German emigre to the US, became the first woman to successfully cross the Atlantic aboard an aircraft, traveling in May 1932 with a team on a 782:, 26 women pilots gathered and formed an international organization to provide mutual support for advancing women pilots and named themselves the 12351: 11826: 11199: 10175: 8215:

Heilman, Madeline E. (January 2001). "Description and Prescription: How Gender Stereotypes Prevent Women's Ascent Up the Organizational Ladder".

8003: 7504: 2466:, a major carrier in one of fastest-growing aviation markets, has created flight-schedules that allow flexibility to deal with personal demands. 2214: 1635: 1627: 1321: 12529: 12433: 11369: 7457: 1843:

became one of the first women in the Western Hemisphere to become a commercial jet airline pilot when she was hired as the first woman pilot of

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received a gold medal from the Aeronautical Society of New York, recognizing her as the first American woman to make a solo flight. In 1910 the

12152: 10778:["Grandma of the Korean Air Force" was my oldest sister's apprentice] (in Chinese). Kunming, China: 昆明新聞 (Kunming News). Archived from 9911: 8660: 6700: 2241: 2182: 2099: 1611: 1507: 521: 9337: 7947: 7442:

Dall'Acqua, Joyce (March 23, 1986). "Women Pilots Built Their Careers on Fear of Flying: Companies Hired Them to Prove Safety of Air Travel".

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re-numbered to finish the war as the 46th 'Tamansky' Guards Night-Bomber Air-Regiment. The Soviets also had the only women to be considered

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became Germany's first woman pilot and the following year began designing her first airplane which was produced in 1913. On October 10, 1911,

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was the first woman pilot to be awarded the Naval Helicopter Association Pilot of the Year Award. Lt. Franke flew 105 support missions with

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test programs, none of the women could meet the entry prerequisites. The subcommittee took no action after the hearing. The following year,

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In the 1960s, stewardesses, as female flight attendants were known, were considered glamorous and exotic adventurers. Frank Sinatra's song

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was credited with different numbers of kills from various sources, but in 1990, the tally was given as 12 solo kills and 3 shared kills.

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Williams, Cobretti D. (May 2019). "The personal is apolitical: Neoliberalism and academic capitalism in U.S. women's studies programs".

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became the first Jamaican-born commercial pilot and flight instructor. The following year, Cain became the first female pilot with the

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of Korea became the first female licensee of that country in 1925 and after World War II, became instrumental in helping establish the

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series. By 1927, Omlie earned the first transport pilots license and airplane mechanics license issued to a woman. Another stuntwoman,

10566: 9038: 7979: 7675: 6789: 6384: 12272: 11060: 10438: 10430: 10422: 9547: 12750: 11388: 9098: 8902: 7609:"Hélène Dutrieu, première aviatrice belge, pionnière de l'aviation féminine, membre d'honneur à titre posthume de la Société royale" 3900: 1906:

as a pilot in 1978, becoming the first African American woman to fly for a commercial airline in the United States. That same year,

1502:. Thirteen percent of the WAVES recruits by 1952 were selected for air training, which included positions as air control personnel, 12290: 11131: 10025: 9694: 6922: 575: 12662: 11219: 10041: 9999: 9952: 8427: 6837: 1941:

and later the first black female to command airplanes in the U.S. for a major carrier service when she was promoted to captain by

10236: 9561: 7608: 2103: 1972: 1532: 1524: 941: 10775: 8812: 8499: 8185: 7283: 7259: 1406:

that was plaguing the crop. The following year, Rogato became the first woman to fly solo over the Andes and in 1951, flew from

12490: 12249: 8523: 8047: 7731: 7611:[Hélène Dutrieu, first Belgian aviator, pioneer of women's aviation, posthumous honorary member of the Royal Society]. 1586: 1043:, but were allowed to compete from 1935. In 1936, women not only took first place, but also second and fifth. The winners were 75: 12213: 10488: 981:

obtained the first Australian license allowing a woman to carry passengers so that she could fly an ambulance service for the

12883: 12822: 12064: 11083: 10735: 10681: 10605: 10477: 10350: 10306: 10281: 10225: 10191: 10154: 10133: 9978: 9887: 9776: 9436: 9386: 9270: 9249: 9197: 9150: 8979: 8958: 8679: 8636: 8617: 8594: 8567: 8334: 8309: 8073: 7898: 7640: 7147: 7122: 6957: 6863: 5780: 3923: 3811: 1894:, she would go on in the 1990s to become the first woman and African-American senior inspection analyst working for the U.S. 1447: 1158: 11261: 970:

obtained a pilot's license in Switzerland; the following year, she obtained the first license for a woman from the American

11466: 11088: 10930: 9281: 8928: 1895: 1860: 1326: 11307: 10974: 10945: 10876: 10538: 9615: 2418:

Overall, in 2008, there were only 16% of women working in the manufacturing of aircraft and spacecraft. Women who work as

1188:

was the only WAVE to wear wings for air-navigation during World War II. Women in the United States were also hired by the

11872: 10861: 10823: 9948: 9803: 9500: 6874: 2248:

in 1992 and by the close of the decade would become Malawi's first woman captain. The first black female Mawalian pilot,

1506:, electronics technicians and as other support personnel. In 1953, the WAVES lifted a ban on women serving as mechanics. 1077:

of Turkey became the first trained woman combat pilot, participating in search operations and bombing flights during the

692: 625: 10067: 7011: 6549: 12837: 11780: 11694: 10121:

Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race

9484: 8828: 7163: 1673:

recruited women pilots in the U.S. to test them for suitability for the space program. Thirteen of the recruits passed

1304:, a neurosurgeon and member of the French army, became the first woman to fly a helicopter in combat, while serving in 438:

became the first British woman to earn a pilot's license on August 29, 1911, and taught her son to fly that same year.

4316: 857:, made the first England to Australia flight by a woman. The same year, inspired to learn to fly by Johnson's flight, 12869: 12808: 12560: 11435: 11317:. No. 99. Weybridge, Surrey, England: British Women Pilots' Association. Summer 2011. p. 19. Archived from 11288: 11036:"AOPA China Honors Julie Wang (Wang Zheng), First Chinese Person to Fly Solo Around-the-World, at AirShow China 2016" 10839: 10624: 10456: 10325: 9868: 9220: 8461: 8152: 7936: 7866: 7560: 7432: 7195: 7089: 6936: 6663: 4528: 4224:, p. 70. "Hanna Reitsch of Frankfurt, Germany, who was the world's first helicopter pilot—man or woman ..." 2058:

was one of the four selected and in 1988 became one of the two first women in the world to fly the F-18 jet fighter.

1465:

in full swing, the North Korean Air Force was the only one in the world with female jet fighter pilots. One of them,

1288:

woman, flew transport missions for the ATA during World War II and after the war became the first woman pilot of the

62: 11599: 10199: 7339: 1338: 12336: 12110: 11765: 10997: 9241:

Women Military Pilots of World War II: A History with Biographies of American, British, Russian and German Aviators

8786: 8326: 7552: 7363: 6052: 2639: 2634: 2312: 2087: 1458:

and 14 pilots. A second class of 160 trainees entered PLAAF in 1956, but only 44 of them completed their training.

134: 37: 8998: 4728:. St Augustine, Trinidad: National Institute of Higher Education, Research, Science and Technology. Archived from 2454:

In Japan, the first female captain for commercial passenger flights was Ari Fuji, who began flying as captain for

704:

In the late 1920s, women continued to compete in cross-country air races and contests related to flying. In 1929,

434:

had obtained the first female Russian license and by 1914 she performed the first aerobatic loop made by a woman.

12685: 11430: 11422: 10643: 9744: 8689:

Klugman, Jeni; Hanmer, Lucia; Twigg, Sarah; Hasan, Tazeen; McCleary-Sills, Jennifer; Santamaria, Julieth (2014).

7383: 2435:

auxiliary air personnel. Large numbers have been trained to fly China's most advanced combat jets, including the

2004: 2000: 1919: 1455: 126: 11640: 4227: 298: 12125: 11242: 10673: 8606:"Portraits of Republican Ladies: Materiality and Representation in Early Twentieth Century Chinese Photographs" 8586: 8579:"The Fate of the Late Imperial "Talented Woman": Gender and Historical Change in Early-Twentieth-Century China" 6813: 6198:"Closing the gender gap in the air and space industry | Institute for Women Of Aviation Worldwide (iWOAW)" 4353: 2153:

lifted the ban on military women flying in combat. By 1998, US military women were flying combat missions from

2035:

found a private scholarship program to offset the high-cost of training. She became the first female pilot for

1718: 963: 12735: 12087: 11939: 9353: 8756: 7795: 6906: 6717: 1450:(PLAAF) of China enrolled 55 women trainees. When they graduated, the following year, the women represented 6 12712: 11179: 9566: 9211:

Women explorers of the air: Harriet Quimby, Bessie Coleman, Amelia Earhart, Beryl Markham, Jacqueline Cochran

8893: 6928: 6761: 2624: 1162: 846: 294: 94: 11969: 11045: 10522: 8253: 2137: 1922:(RSAF). Continuing her military career, Koh became one of the first two female Lieutenant-Colonels in 1999. 12908: 12013: 7615:(in French). Brussels, Belgium: Société royale des Pionniers et Anciens de l'Aviation belge. Archived from 2401: 2131: 1903: 1863:

in 1988. The following year, Captain Yap was the first to pilot an all-female crew in the Anglo-Caribbean.

1722: 1666: 1554:

during the late 1950s. This allowed for more women to become involved in the military in Pakistan. In 1958

971: 708:

moved to Hollywood to work as the first woman stunt pilot. Besides working on such films as Howard Hughes'

537: 11810:(in French). Tunis, Tunisia: République Tunisienne Ministère du Transport. August 15, 2013. Archived from 2462:, there is a shortage of pilots, which is driving gender biases to be pushed aside for women to be hired. 12583: 12505: 12453: 12448: 12178:"SAWIA Profiles & Celebrates Pioneering Women in Aviation & Aerospace from the African Continent" 12177: 11108: 10518: 10095: 9924: 9619: 9114: 9022: 8411: 7747: 1332: 678: 439: 389: 11899: 11210:[China's first female pilot Wang Zheng: Chinese women's first flight to write aviation legend]. 10369: 7494: 7472: 7453: 3008: 2400:

chief of Defense Staff, in the amphibious air traffic control center aboard the amphibious assault ship

1647:

of France traded women's speed and distance records what would be known as the "battle of the Jackies".

175:

became the first woman to fly solo in a balloon and would become the first woman to parachute, as well.

10342: 8019: 4729: 1891: 1415: 1414:, a solo flight which would take her across South America, Central America and North America. In 1948, 845:

on 4 June 1930, at the end of the first England to Australia flight by a woman. Photo presented to the

830:

for airlines. These first flight attendants were required to be under 115 pounds, nurses and unmarried.

823: 12359: 11834: 10907: 202:, to allow her to pilot his airship, becoming probably the first woman to pilot a motorized aircraft. 12898: 12537: 12162: 12133: 8781: 6808:[World's First Women's War Pilot: Gökçen] (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey: BİA Haber Merkezi. 1273: 803: 775: 567:, the second German woman to earn a pilot's license, worked as a manager of a flying school in 1913. 487: 12472: 12180:. Pretoria, South Africa: Southern African Women in Aviation and Aerospace. July 30, 2012. p. 5 11993: 11961: 11591: 11536: 10716: 10258: 10078:(5). Kengray, Johannesburg, South Africa: The South African Military History Society. Archived from 9396:

Neal-Smith, Sarah; Cockburn, Tom (February 13, 2009). "Cultural sexism in the UK airline industry".

7022:(5). Kengray, Johannesburg, South Africa: The South African Military History Society. Archived from 6693: 3217: 1933:

in 1979. Three years later she would become the school's first black woman to graduate with a BS in

11668: 9860: 9699: 8279: 7955: 7424: 4005: 3989: 2412: 2083: 1976: 1937:

and her commercial pilot's certification. She would go on to become the first woman pilot hired by

1309: 722: 233:

The first woman passenger in an airplane was Mlle P. Van Pottelsberghe de la Poterie who flew with

10267: 9822:[Women Aviators, the Pioneering Ada Rogato and Her Historical Mark on Brazilian Aviation] 8374: 8120: 5968: 596:

and pilots formed flying circuses sending promoters ahead of them to hang posters promoting their

12903: 12197: 11625: 11246: 10469:

Writing the Heavenly Frontier: Metaphor, Geography, and Flight Autobiography in America 1927–1954

8807: 3156: 3154: 1817: 1596: 1540: 1499: 1439: 1093: 1052: 779: 710: 514: 313: 280:

standing nearby in 1909. This was Katharine's first time flying. Her skirt is tied with a string.

83: 11857: 10807: 9820:"Mulheres Aviadoras, o Pioneirismo de Ada Rogato e Seus Feitos Históricos na Aviação Brasileira" 9728: 7659: 4936: 4934: 3965: 1517:

was the only South Korean woman to serve as a pilot in the ROK Air Force during the Korean War.

11517: 11451: 10799: 9835: 8115: 7044: 4237: 3536: 3534: 2629: 2514: 2389: 2226: 1875: 1725:

in Moscow and won gold in the women's individual competition, becoming the first women's world

1615: 1261: 1181: 11567: 11512: 10725: 10292: 10144: 9968: 9854: 9426: 9311: 9239: 8969: 8605: 8578: 8559: 8473:"The Future of Women in Aviation: Trends in Participation in Postsecondary Aviation Education" 8144: 8063: 7707: 7305: 6995: 5032: 5030: 3151: 1995:

and four years later became the first woman to serve as captain on the craft. That same year,

1430: 1104: 633:

had perfected walking from one plane to another by 1920, the first woman to perform the feat.

213:

before she moved onto designing airplanes. Todd's first plane flew in 1910 and was piloted by

12777: 12626: 12598: 12374: 12268: 12028: 11898:. Vancouver, Canada: Institute for Women Of Aviation Worldwide. July 25, 2015. Archived from 11856:. Vancouver, Canada: Institute for Women Of Aviation Worldwide. July 25, 2015. Archived from 11450:. Vancouver, Canada: Institute for Women Of Aviation Worldwide. July 25, 2015. Archived from 10692: 10667: 10467: 10336: 10215: 9136: 8948: 8887: 8669: 8345: 8320: 8299: 7065: 6853: 5976: 4931: 4277: 2974: 2419: 2218: 1942: 1832: 1791: 1758: 1503: 1347: 1174: 1040: 862: 762: 510: 473: 461: 195: 180: 12689: 12432:. Sydney, Australia: Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation (CAPA). April 10, 2015. Archived from 11924: 10384:

Tinoco, J.K.; Rivera, G. (February 13, 2017). "Absent Aviators: Gender Issues in Aviation".

10119: 7910:"Korean aviator honored Kyung Kim was the first female military flier in her native country" 7546: 7418: 7133: 6968: 6947: 4951: 4949: 3531: 2481:

or Asia where opportunities for career advancement and more sophisticated facilities exist.

619:. By 1921, she had set a world women's parachute drop record of 15,200 feet and worked as a 563:. The school had only one plane with which to instruct students and was open for two years. 12063:. Washington, DC: Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. August 1, 2016. Archived from 11493: 10950: 10574: 10251: 9665: 9525: 9046: 8931:[Is it so difficult?] (in Spanish). Tijuana, Mexico: Ciudad Tijuana. Archived from 7890: 7683: 7570:

Douglas, Deborah G. (2010). "Nancy Batson Crews: Alabama's First Lady of Flight (review)".

6833: 6376: 5027: 2510: 2506:

felt that women were "not 'temperamentally suited' to handle the controls of an airplane".

2503: 2299:

In 1998, Aysha Alhameli of the United Arab Emirates became the first Emirati female pilot.

2234: 2150: 1934: 1887: 1690: 1683: 1658: 1253: 794: 746: 718: 477: 450: 402:, to honour the female pilot who, by sunset on 31 December each year, had made the longest 242: 44: 11068: 7885:

Women Aviators: 26 Stories of Pioneer Flights, Daring Missions and Record-Setting Journeys

7616: 7158: 2959: 564: 297:

and relied on Katherine to help promote their work. The French government awarded her the

8: 12758: 11829:[Living as a female aviator in colonial Korea] (in Korean). Seoul, Korea: 오마이뉴스 ( 11689: 11620: 11139: 10493: 8912: 8258: 7525: 7310: 6654:

The Mercury 13: the untold story of thirteen American women and the dream of space flight

4946: 2357: 2261: 2059: 2055: 1840: 1836: 1706: 1602: 1384: 1257: 1157:

on September 14, 1942, put Cochran in charge of a new program called the Army Air Forces

1149: 491: 353: 338: 330: 268: 12298: 9704: 5829: 4966: 4964: 3025: 2284:

became the first African American woman to captain for a major U.S. commercial airline,

1438:

offered new opportunities in critical roles for women marines, like these control tower

1370:

missions from 1942 to the end of the World War II. The organization was first formed by

161: 12513: 12485: 12157: 11572: 11173: 10906:. Cape Town, South Africa: South African Power Flying Association. 2010. Archived from 10803: 10762: 10697: 10051: 10020: 9994: 9905: 9286: 9142: 9093: 8654: 8437: 8240: 7883: 7843: 7595: 7288: 6994:(in Spanish). Santiago, Chile: Embajada de Francia en Santiago de Chile. Archived from 6681: 5014: 5012: 3585: 2458:

in July 2010. In terms of tourism-driven growth in the aviation sector, throughout the

2440: 2427: 2193:

became the first black woman flight officer in the United States Navy. That same year,

2174: 2166: 2012: 1926: 1678: 1512: 1479: 1301: 1249: 1141: 1130: 1074: 1066: 1056: 945: 868: 730: 670: 669:

was the first women in Canada to obtain a Pilots License and Japan's first woman pilot

413: 9571: 7658:. Chantilly, Virginia: National Air and Space Museum Archives Division. Archived from 6458: 5239: 4895: 886:

On 19 September 1931, the first all women's flying meeting in the UK was organised by

771:

became the first woman pilot in Scotland, earning her "A" licence on 3 December 1928.

540:

contracted her to fly mail from Chicago to New York City in 1918. The following year,

246: 121:

Women's participation in the field of aviation has increased over the years. In 1909,

12879: 12876:

Flying for Her Country: The American and Soviet Women Military Pilots of World War II

12865: 12851: 12833: 12818: 12804: 12636: 12631: 12608: 12603: 12384: 12379: 12221: 12038: 12033: 12009: 11943: 11195: 10835: 10779: 10766: 10731: 10677: 10630: 10620: 10601: 10544: 10473: 10452: 10434: 10426: 10418: 10401: 10346: 10338:

Flying for Her Country: The American and Soviet Women Military Pilots of World War II

10321: 10302: 10277: 10273: 10221: 10150: 10129: 9974: 9893: 9883: 9864: 9782: 9772: 9675: 9602: 9432: 9413: 9382: 9266: 9265:. New Delhi, India: Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. 9245: 9226: 9216: 9209: 9193: 9186: 9146: 9119: 8975: 8954: 8868: 8741: 8690: 8675: 8642: 8632: 8613: 8590: 8563: 8552: 8507: 8457: 8384: 8355: 8330: 8305: 8244: 8232: 8197: 8148: 8137: 8069: 7932: 7894: 7835: 7827: 7636: 7599: 7587: 7556: 7499: 7444: 7428: 7267: 7201: 7191: 7168: 7143: 7118: 7095: 7085: 6953: 6932: 6905:. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Carnegie Mellon University Women's Center. Archived from 6859: 6669: 6659: 6652: 5868: 4961: 3919: 3817: 3807: 3235: 2946: 2944: 2529: 2499: 2273: 1867: 1803: 1783: 1742: 1648: 1644: 1555: 1484: 1367: 1363: 1269: 1237: 1192:(NACA) to work as scientists and engineers, as well as analysts, reviewing data from 1145: 1134: 978: 937: 933: 906: 682: 648: 580: 533: 506: 469: 226: 12711:. Vancouver, Canada: Institute for Women Of Aviation Worldwide. 2009. Archived from 10587: 9581:"Higher Education, Women, and Sociocultural Change: A Closer Look at the Statistics" 8535: 5326: 5009: 4687: 2470:

provides scholarships for women pilots to help offset the high cost of training and

2330: 1570: 1358:

created an all-woman combat flight unit, the 588th Night-Bomber Air-Regiment or the

1085:. She flew around 8,000 hours and participated in 32 different military operations. 12225: 11974: 11603: 11341: 11269: 10754: 10593: 10498: 10393: 10068:"Was Captain Rosamund Everard-Steenkamp the first woman in the world to fly a jet?" 9592: 9455: 9405: 8733: 8697: 8484: 8432: 8379: 8350: 8224: 8172: 7847: 7819: 7579: 7400:"Antonie Strassmann – German Movie Star, American Entrepreneur, Cosmopolitan Pilot" 7246: 5841: 3911: 3463: 2463: 2393: 2206: 2202: 2154: 2119: 1988: 1899: 1871: 1714: 1574: 1407: 1297: 1289: 1276:

was the only Dutch woman in the ATA, having escaped the occupied Netherlands as an

1241: 1222: 1078: 895: 858: 827: 807: 640: 525: 416:

an American of French Canadian descent was licensed and began flying in air shows.

361:

a British woman living in Northern Ireland, designed and flew a glider in Belfast.

302: 289: 273: 176: 12815:

Women Aviators: From Amelia Earhart to Sally Ride, Making History in Air and Space

11093: 8502:[Movie 'Blue Swallow' and the debate about Korea's first female aviator]. 5814: 5639: 3939: 3403: 2941: 2822: 1654: 615:, later Omlie, at the age of eighteen determined to make her aviation career as a 12661:. Millington, Tennessee: Navy Personnel Command. October 13, 2015. Archived from 11273: 11158: 10996:. Washington, DC: Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. 2007. Archived from 10446: 9644: 9372: 9332: 9260: 8907: 8718: 8404:"South Africa's first black female pilot is helping other African women take off" 8089: 7108: 6067: 5113: 4212: 3201: 2498:

Women often had to work hard to prove themselves as capable as men in the field.

2487: 2289: 2285: 2146: 2123: 2091: 2024: 1996: 1961: 1578: 1551: 1277: 1165:(WASP). The WASPs supported the military in various ways, flying new planes from 1154: 726: 644: 556: 483: 480:

became the first female pilot in the Austro-Hungarian Empire on August 15, 1912.

447: 305:

in 1909. Katherine was considered the "silent partner" of the Wright Brothers by

288:

on December 17, 1903. Both brothers recognized the contributions of their sister

285: 277: 172: 165: 79: 12176: 11474: 11306: 8932: 8903:"Hired for Their Looks, Promoted For Their Heroism: The First Flight Attendants" 6058: 5128: 4940: 4092: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2307: 2233:

received the French Air Force's fighter pilot wings and was assigned to fly the

1787: 1750: 951: 137:

has reported that after 1980, the increase in gender parity among pilots in the

12465: 11986: 11954: 11584: 11529: 11387:. Houston, Texas: Air Ambulance International. October 15, 2013. Archived from 11337:"Female pioneer pilot impressed with transformation of local aviation industry" 11318: 10955: 10758: 10709: 10650:. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Archived from 10318:

The Strassmanns: Science, Politics and Migration in Turbulent Times (1793–1993)

10170: 9623: 8176: 7972:"Five decades of female pilots statistics in the United States. How did we do?" 7250: 5934: 4984: 4982: 3915: 3687: 3451: 3439: 2340: 2230: 2016: 1879: 1281: 1218: 1109: 959: 925: 909:, which was "one of the few U.S. colleges to offer aviation classes to women". 902: 853:

Various "firsts" were achieved by women in the 1930s. In 1930, English aviator

754: 738: 636: 443: 423: 409: 373: 343: 238: 222: 206: 191: 153: 11876: 11756: 10973:. Washington, DC: Federal Aviation Administration. May 2, 2010. Archived from 10884: 9409: 9379:

Hyōdō Tadashi, I will fly in the sky!: The story of Japan's first female pilot

8610:

Visualising China, 1845–1965: Moving and Still Images in Historical Narratives

7978:. Vancouver, Canada: Institute for Women Of Aviation Worldwide. Archived from 7730:. Vancouver, Canada: Institute for Women Of Aviation Worldwide. Archived from 6882: 5614: 5612: 5036: 4504: 3821: 3735: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2895: 1137:

instruction, where women dominated the industry of flight training operators.

714:(1930), she also founded the Associated Motion Pictures Pilots Union in 1931. 12892: 12640: 12612: 12388: 12042: 11788: 11764:. Singapore: Singapore Council of Women's Organisations. 2015. Archived from 10405: 10397: 10125: 10079: 9897: 9786: 9679: 9606: 9597: 9580: 9417: 9165: 8872: 8745: 8646: 8489: 8472: 8388: 8359: 8236: 7999: 7831: 7591: 7172: 7114: 7023: 5741: 5445: 2924: 2423: 2281: 2265: 2190: 2107: 2075: 2071: 1980: 1915: 1907: 1807: 1694: 1619: 1380: 1371: 1359: 1245: 1229: 1048: 1044: 1036: 1017: 1010: 913: 811: 758: 734: 705: 552: 435: 431: 369: 364: 254: 214: 138: 122: 87: 12409:. West Milton, Ohio: Wright Brothers Aeroplane Company. 2014. Archived from 12313: 12192: 11802: 11741:. West Milton, Ohio: Wright Brothers Aeroplane Company. 2013. Archived from 11663: 11403: 10634: 10548: 9230: 8836: 8228: 7205: 7099: 6673: 6313: 5895: 5678: 5457: 4979: 4955: 4422: 4397: 4395: 4393: 4391: 3612: 2430:. At least 19 women became pilots in the air force in the decade from 2003. 1890:. Drake was transferred a few months later as the first female pilot of the 1024:

and within two years, she earned the first woman helicopter pilot's license.

745:

in 1912 continued to promote her idea successfully in the 1920s. During the

12109:. Washington, DC: Smithsonian National Postal Museum. 2004b. Archived from 12086:. Washington, DC: Smithsonian National Postal Museum. 2004a. Archived from 11647:. Mogadishu, Somalia: Somali Aviation Resource Center. 2013. Archived from 9941:"Meet Latifa Nabizada, Afghanistan's First Woman Military Helicopter Pilot" 9670: 8531: 7839: 7362:. Washington, DC: Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. Archived from 7338:. Washington, DC: Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. Archived from 6733: 5609: 3901:"Bruce [née Petre], Mildred Mary (1895–1990), motorist and aviator" 2907: 2661: 2644: 2554: 2542: 2537: 2459: 2436: 2303: 2293: 2269: 2127: 2074:

first served as captain on a Boeing 747 for a cross-country trip. In 1986,

1698: 1536: 1355: 1122: 1117: 1000: 993: 967: 872: 819: 815: 783: 768: 666: 653: 612: 597: 358: 347: 326: 258: 234: 130: 12830:

Fly Girls: How Five Daring Women Defied All Odds and Made Aviation History

10597: 8759:. Salt Lake City, Utah: KSL Broadcasting. Associated Press. Archived from 8737: 7583: 6778:"China's Air Force Female Aviators: Sixty Years of Excellence (1952–2012)" 3600: 3093: 3091: 2446: 2380: 2225:

was credited as the first woman pilot to launch missiles in combat during

2054:

In Canada the Air Force started a trial program for women pilots in 1979.

2051:

aircraft and Schulman became the first woman qualified as a smoke jumper.

1590:

gave birth to the jet set. Adding to the allure, Bernard Glemser's novel,

1082: 12676: 12355: 12055: 11607: 11551:. London, England: Rila Publications Ltd. October 2, 2011. Archived from 11040: 10988: 10578: 9818:

Rodrigues, Luiz Eduardo Miranda José; de Lima, Cristiane Correia (2009).

9162:"Pilot, analyst and administrator, Beverley Drake, is a 'Special Person'" 7929:

Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15: the Soviet Union's long-lived Korean War fighter

6464: 6274: 6037: 6022: 6007: 5787: 4901: 4388: 3241: 2478: 2455: 2369: 2302:

More organizations to support women in aviation careers were formed. The

2210: 2095: 2067: 2048: 1844: 1733: 1710: 1626:

become the first female British air traffic controllers. That same year,

1265: 1233: 1193: 1161:(WFTD). By August 5, 1943, the WFTD was merged with the WAFS to form the 1062: 1003:, was the first known women in her country to fly and the first women in 921: 854: 838: 685:

was the first woman to fly for an airline when she began co-piloting for

620: 603: 588: 545: 465: 457: 262: 218: 12855: 11044:. Sunnyvale, California. Business Wire. December 1, 2016. Archived from 9459: 9258: 5835: 5532: 5057: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2751: 1180:

Besides working as women pilots, American women also started working as

651:

began taking flying lessons and in 1922 was proclaimed in an article in

179:

took her first balloon flight in 1804, was performing as a professional

11115:. Boston, Massachusetts: Aero Club of New England. 2011. Archived from 10845: 10570: 9479: 8702: 3759: 3088: 2525: 2277: 2253: 2158: 2141:

Ensign Matice Wright first US Navy African American flight officer 1993

1992: 1938: 1848: 1726: 1686:, an amateur Russian parachute jumper became the first woman in space. 1670: 1558:

of Canada became her country's first woman to solo pilot a helicopter.

1495: 1462: 1435: 1399: 1376: 1021: 1020:

of Germany became one of the first persons to fly a fully controllable

880: 689:

in 1927 and piloting solo on commercial Junkers F13 on 1 February 1928.

674: 616: 377: 301:, one of France's highest distinctions, when her brothers received the 111: 102: 12426:"Why don't women run airlines? Part 1: 94% of airlines are led by men" 11490:"From fighter pilot to courageous mother: the story of Caroline Aigle" 10898: 10651: 9752: 7382:. Barberton, Mpumalanga, South Africa: Barberton Times. Archived from 5758: 5756: 3409: 3009:"PART 6: AWARDS AND CERTIFICATES, 1909-1947 | Wright State University" 1855:, became the first female airline captain in the Caribbean flying the 1762: 11714: 11648: 11215: 10046: 9834:(1). São Paulo, Brazil: Instituto Federal de Educação. Archived from 7996:"Paving the way for women pilots, Cheryl Moore is a 'Special Person'" 7861: 7823: 7495:"More and More Women Are Finding the Skies Friendly in the Air Force" 7139: 7012:"Flying High: The Story of the Women's Auxiliary Air Force 1939–1945" 5370: 5084: 2748: 2550: 2533: 2397: 2032: 1828: 1392: 1305: 1214: 1197: 1170: 929: 742: 697: 686: 593: 241:

between May and June 1908. Soon after, in July 1908, French sculptor

199: 12137: 11718:. Cologne, Germany: Lufthansa Group. August 22, 2013. Archived from 11082: 8719:"Voice and Agency: Empowering Women and Girls for Shared Prosperity" 7909: 6603: 6073: 5508: 5406: 3828: 833: 249:

and within a few months she was reported as making a solo flight in

12776:. Bulawayo, Zimbabwe: Bulawayo 24. December 8, 2011. Archived from 12101: 12078: 11919: 11890: 11848: 11830: 11545:"Head in the Clouds, Feet on the Ground Seychelles Women Who Excel" 10877:"100 Most Influential Women in the Aviation and Aerospace Industry" 10298: 9548:"The Canadian Women in Aviation Conference: Outdated or Essential?" 8760: 6530: 5753: 4098: 3876: 3693: 3457: 3445: 2115: 2111: 1795: 1761:. Turi Widerøe had for years been a pilot for her father's company 1547: 1403: 876: 559:

teamed up in 1910 to start the first flying school in England, the

541: 184: 107: 98: 12314:"To Be Near Brother Katherine Wright is Making Home Near Hospital" 11875:. Houston, Texas: Air Ambulance International. n.d. Archived from 11442: 9045:(in Romanian). București, Romania: Editura Meronia. Archived from 8691:

Voice and Agency: Empowering Women and Girls for Shared Prosperity

4626: 4624: 3741: 2392:

1st Class Erica Banks explains the SPN 43 Radar System to General

1773: 643:

woman to become a licensed airplane pilot in 1921. That same year

12401: 11733: 10448:

World War II: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection

9555:. Vol. 39, no. 4. pp. 24–27 – via EBSCOhost. 8383:. Vol. 55, no. 3. Chicago, Illinois. pp. 120–124. 7110:

Reach for the Skies: Ballooning, Birdmen, and Blasting Into Space

6990:[Address by the Ambassador (Decorating Margot Duhalde)]. 6377:"Teenage pilot Zara Rutherford completes solo round-world record" 4847: 3711: 2935: 2901: 2471: 2467: 2331:

Notable influential profiles and figures in the aviation industry

2186: 2134:

were the first women to fly military aircraft in Canada in 1989.

2063: 1923: 1911: 1746: 1651:

was the first woman to fly at twice the speed of sound in 1963.

1631: 1487:

became the first woman to fly at twice the speed of sound with a

1388: 1293: 1169:

to Army Air Force bases, worked as test pilots, worked as flying

1166: 1125:

operators and were teaching male pilots how to read instruments.

1027: 741:

of France, who had first proposed the idea of using airplanes as

419: 210: 12574: 12551: 12335:. Nassau, The Bahamas: Tribune 242. May 23, 2012. Archived from 12256: 9579:

Parvazian, Somayeh; Gill, Judith; Chiera, Belinda (April 2017).

8674:. History of Aviation. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. 7215:"What It Was Really Like To Fly During The Golden Age Of Travel" 6482: 6262: 5910: 5747: 5451: 5348: 5346: 5344: 3203:

New international yearbook; a compendium of the world's progress

2861: 2859: 2857: 2667: 1677:'s physical requirements. Scheduled for additional testing, the 1055:

came second and Earhart was fifth. In 1938, the race was won by

875:

flying boat. In the fall of the same year, Strassmann piloted a

12582:. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. 2013. Archived from 12536:. Denton, Texas: Texas Women's University. 2013. Archived from 11970:"Mrs. A. Langstaff Had Captain H. D. Wilshire as Her Passenger" 11639: 11421: 11368:(in French). Brussels, Belgium. August 16, 2003. Archived from 10969: 10875: 10472:. Costerus New Series 187. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Rodopi. 10266:

Smith, Jessie Carney; Bracks, Lean'tin; Wynn, Linda T. (2015).

9215:. Consultant: Jacquelyn L. Beyer. Mankato, MN: Capstone Books. 9067: 8402:

Humayan, Hira; Sealy, Amanda; Parke, Phoebe (August 23, 2016).

8375:"M'Lis Ward: First Black Female Captain in Commercial Aviation" 8346:"M'Lis Ward: First Black Female Captain in Commercial Aviation" 7913: 6809: 6627: 6422: 5666: 4988: 4621: 4428: 2918: 2490:

became the youngest female pilot to fly solo around the world.

2245: 2198: 2079: 2020: 1883: 1754: 1639: 1411: 1343: 1004: 842: 403: 393: 209:

began designing her own airplanes. Todd first started studying

12774:"Zimbabwean woman, Sakhile Nyoni, appointed Air Botswana head" 11233: 11116: 11109:"Awards: The History of the Godfrey L. Cabot Award Recipients" 10669:

Right Stuff, Wrong Sex: America's First Women in Space Program

10617:

Right stuff, wrong sex: America's first women in space program

10412:

Donna Bridges; Jane Neal-Smith; Albert J. Mills, eds. (2014).

10103: 9448:"Gender Equality: Gender equality in education (Edition 2015)" 9056:– via Dicţionarul personalităţilor feminine din România. 7040:"Travel Boom Forces Asia's Airlines to Seek More Women Pilots" 6347: 6345: 6343: 6289: 5922: 5856: 4675: 4449: 4176: 4152: 4080: 3840: 3606: 985:. She later founded the Australian Women Pilots' Association. 757:

became the first licensed female pilot in 1928 at age 19, and

579:

Miss Prim with airplane at the flight school Aero Material in

12862:

Wings, Women, and War: Soviet Airwomen in World War II Combat

12447: 10774:杨 (Yang), 理锐 (Li Rui); 吴 (Wu), 文娟 (Wenjuan) (March 9, 2006). 10556:

Wampler, Rollin H. (October 1932). "Famous Parachute Jumps".

6988:"Discurso de la Embajadora (Condecoración de Margot Duhalde)" 6875:"Timeline of Flight Attendants' Fight Against Discrimination" 5341: 4883: 4299: 4297: 3427: 3160: 2854: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2431: 2178: 2047:

made history when Larson became the first woman to captain a

1702: 1285: 1126: 917: 385: 368:

the Air", competing in air shows and exhibitions, as well as

250: 12528: 12312: 12161:. Los Angeles, California. December 31, 1962. Archived from 11685:"IndiGo Airlines Passenger Refuses To Fly With Female Pilot" 11664:"How Much the Wright Brothers Owe to Their Sister Katherine" 11308:"Federation of European Women Pilots (FEWP) Annual Congress" 11161:. January 24, 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-08-13 9878:

Ryan, Michelle K.; Branscombe, Nyla R. (September 4, 2013).

9856:

Latinas in the United States, set: A Historical Encyclopedia

9501:"Putting Together the Engines That Help Big Birds Take Wing" 8785:. Montreal, Canada: Nahum Gelber Law Library. Archived from 8532:

The Ninety-Nines: International Organization of Women Pilots

8298:

Hollander, Lu; Jessen, Gene Nora; West, Verna, eds. (1996).

6550:"An Aviation Executive is Trying to Level The Playing Field" 5705: 5103: 5101: 5099: 4401: 4317:"First Women to win Bendix Transcontinental Speed Race 1936" 4056: 3103: 2980: 2474:

has actively recruited candidates from university programs.

966:, but was rejected due to her sex. In 1934, Chinese actress 936:. The following year she began teaching as the first female 149: 36:

may be in need of reorganization to comply with Knowledge's

11938: 11871: 11383: 10294:

Technology, A Study of Mechanical Arts and Applied Sciences

8354:. Vol. 55, no. 4. Chicago, Illinois. p. 14. 7724:"U.S. Women of Military Aviation History Since World War I" 6567: 6340: 4859: 3765: 3540: 3271: 3115: 3097: 2577: 2320: 2036: 1856: 1674: 12803:. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1990. 12703: 11923:. Tel Aviv, Israel. Reuters. June 19, 2013. Archived from 10946:"1979—Jamaica's First Female Commercial Jet Airline Pilot" 10883:. West Alexandria, Ohio. December 17, 2003. Archived from 10834:] (in Russian). Moskva: Voen. izd-vo. pp. 37–49. 9674:. Vol. 35, no. 13. Toronto, Canada. p. 62. 9431:. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press. 9115:"Women Pioneers of Aviation to Be Saluted at Airport Expo" 8139:

Taking Flight: Education and Training for Aviation Careers

8046:. Lagos, Nigeria: Landover Company Limited. Archived from 7764:"Night Witches: The Female Fighter Pilots of World War II" 6788:(12). Washington, DC: Jamestown Foundation. Archived from 5949: 5580: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4760: 4758: 4636: 4546: 4439: 4437: 4294: 3663: 2837: 2765: 2673: 1811:

still stands today. Sacchi was the first woman to win the

12383:. Vol. 127, no. 9. September 2000. p. 44. 12037:. Vol. 119, no. 4. April 1992. pp. 34–35. 11470: 11135: 8950:

Before Amelia: Women Pilots in the Early Days of Aviation

8855:[Rosina Ferrorio: First woman aviatrix in Italy] 7260:"Airline Pilots: how many women in The Airman Directory?" 6579: 6518: 6197: 5096: 4529:"Ida Veldhuyzen van Zanten - 08 - de Vliegende Hollander" 4243: 4200: 4116: 3723: 3391: 3139: 2795: 2296:, becoming the first female CEO of a commercial airline. 1331:, who had earned her pilot's license in 1927, joined the 284:

The first machine-powered flight was accomplished by the

125:

founded the world's first female pilot organization, the

12057:"On This Day: First U.S. Female to Earn Pilot's License" 11978:. Montreal, Quebec, Canada. December 26, 1921. p. 3 11781:"Latifa Nabizada—Afghanistan's First Woman of the Skies" 11662: 11155:"Captain Chinyere O. Kalu: Nigeria's first female pilot" 11107: 10543:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: J. B. Lippincott Company. 7420:

Wings: A History of Aviation from Kites to the Space Age

6301: 6211: 5489: 5487: 5376: 4999: 4997: 3367: 3169: 3127: 2965: 2812: 2810: 2039:

when she finished her training in 1983. That same year,

2019:

would earn the first civilian female pilot's license in

1870:

soloed her first flight as the only female pilot in the

1835:

and in the 1980s would become the first woman pilot for

1741:

obtained the first pilot's license issued to a woman in

551:

Women were also involved in teaching others how to fly.

12191: 11345:. Georgetown, Guyana. November 16, 2014. Archived from 10730:(10th ed.). London, England: Europa Publications. 9973:(2nd ed.). Solihull, England: Helion and Company. 9970:

A Pride of Eagles: A History of the Rhodesian Air Force

8688: 6924:

Dreams of Flight: General Aviation in the United States

6609: 5802: 5167: 4811: 4799: 4782: 4755: 4726:

Caribbean Icons in Science, Technology & Innovation

4434: 4255: 3355: 3283: 3031: 2702: 2700: 2381:

Current trends in the aviation industry regarding women

2221:'s pilot training course in 1996. On December 17, 1998 2157:. In 1992, the first female helicopter pilot to fly in 1777:

USAF Air Force Undergraduate Pilot Training Class 77-08

721:

or Powder Puff Derby, an official women-only race from

114:

to younger women, helping them along in their careers.

12653: 12627:"Women in Aviation Conference Sets Attendance Records" 12403:"Wake up Call: The Decade After: Nov 1905 to Oct 1909" 11511: 11132:"Bi-plane pilot in Amy Johnson UK to Australia flight" 10050:. New York City, New York: Purch Group. Archived from 9990:"Senate Votes to Remove Ban On Women as Combat Pilots" 9381:] (in Japanese). Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan: アトラス出版. 8477:

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

8161: 7084:. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press. 6921:

Bednarek, Janet R. Daly; Bednarek, Michael H. (2003).

6830:"Woman retiring after 26 years with American Airlines" 6536: 6410: 5762: 5599: 5597: 5595: 5568: 4648: 4611: 4609: 4412: 4410: 4364: 3771: 3591: 3549: 3521: 3519: 3517: 3502: 2736: 2532:

became the world's first woman to fly for an airline,

472:

was licensed in France and began participating in the

10921: 10828:Первый военный аэродром (The first military airfield) 10727:

South America, Central America and the Caribbean 2002

10269:

The Complete Encyclopedia of African American History

9138:

Soviet Women on the Frontline in the Second World War

9135:

Markwick, Roger D.; Cardona, Euridice Charon (2012).

8583:

Gender and Chinese History: Transformative Encounters

6470: 6228: 6226: 5556: 5484: 5421: 5302: 5290: 5278: 5266: 5245: 5047: 5045: 4994: 4941:

Southern African Women in Aviation and Aerospace 2012

4907: 4770: 4188: 4164: 4104: 4032: 3699: 3040: 2989: 2871: 2807: 2477:

In Africa, many of the trained pilots migrate to the

1498:, former WASPs were asked to join active duty in the 1296:. For her services, Duhalde was made a Knight of the 749:, Marvingt evacuated injured military personnel with 257:

in Paris in October 1908, was the inspiration of the

12635:. Vol. 123, no. 6. June 1996. p. 44. 12607:. Vol. 124, no. 6. June 1997. p. 35. 11488: 10944: 9923:. Waterloo, Iowa: The Republic-Times. Archived from 8757:"50 years later, pilot looks back on record journey" 8612:. Leiden, the Netherlands: BRILL. pp. 131–170. 6969:"Patricia Malone helps airline pilots get you there" 6615: 6434: 6398: 6115: 5874: 5729: 5627: 5544: 5433: 5394: 5358: 5254: 5215: 5151:"Auriol, Jacqueline (1917—) | Encyclopedia.com" 4970: 4743: 4702: 4665: 4663: 4485: 4473: 4461: 4334: 4128: 3864: 3651: 3627: 3415: 3259: 3247: 3181: 3052: 2771: 2697: 2102:

became the first black and first woman chair of the

814:

were limited mainly to sales, marketing, racing and

798:

Aviator with Junkers Junior sports plane, circa 1935

761:

became the first woman to earn a master's degree in

194:, an American woman vacationing in Paris, convinced 12850:. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1978. 12848:

United States Women in Aviation Through World War I

12506:"A Woman Inventor Who Plans – And Expects – To Fly" 12424: 11683: 11614: 11385:"First Female Air Ambulance Pioneer—Marie Marvingt" 11153: 11019:. West Milton, Ohio. April 11, 1909. Archived from 10954:. Kingston, Jamaica. March 21, 2010. Archived from 10854:"19 Year old Woman becomes Africa's Youngest Pilot" 10589:

American Women during World War II: An Encyclopedia

10198:. Alberta, Canada: Historica Canada. Archived from 9578: 9428:

A Dance With Death: Soviet Airwomen in World War II

9021:. Alberta, Canada: Historica Canada. Archived from 8867:(1). Rome, Italy: Ministero Della Difesa: 110–115. 8297: 8062:Грибанов (Gribanov), Станислав (Stanislav) (2013). 6754:"Who Was First?: "Pottelsberghe, Peltier, or Berg"" 6506: 6488: 6446: 6268: 6250: 5916: 5768: 5717: 5654: 5592: 5520: 5382: 5314: 5227: 5203: 5018: 4835: 4606: 4594: 4570: 4407: 4376: 4044: 4020: 3834: 3783: 3639: 3573: 3561: 3514: 3490: 3331: 3319: 3295: 3076: 3064: 2883: 2783: 2724: 1931:

Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach

1148:, about using women pilots in the military. Later, 12757:. Beijing, China. January 14, 2013. Archived from 12726: 12684:. Woden, Australian Capital Territory, Australia: 12504: 12479: 11566: 11289:"Ethiopian Airlines Appoints First Female Captain" 11011: 9796:"Women in Black History With a Passion for Travel" 9769:Nancy Batson Crews: Alabama's first lady of flight 9751:. The Early Birds of Aviation, Inc. Archived from 9546: 9395: 9208: 9185: 9063:"Women In Aerospace: Challenges And Opportunities" 8853:"Rosina Ferrorio: Primo donne ovioirice in Italia" 8835:. The Early Birds of Aviation, Inc. Archived from 8558:. Naperville, Illinois: Sourcebooks, Inc. p. 8551: 8430:['Civil Aviation's Mother' Kim Kyung-oh]. 8136: 7882: 7258:Carsenat, Elian; Rossini, Elena (August 5, 2014). 7190:(1st ed.). Greensboro, NC: Tudor Publishers. 7010:Bird, Marjorie Egerton; Botes, Molly (June 1982). 6651: 6633: 6357: 6238: 6223: 5847: 5179: 5072: 5042: 4919: 4823: 4693: 4630: 4582: 4558: 4068: 3899: 3852: 3747: 3675: 2950: 2828: 2272:woman, became a pilot in 1998, the same year that 156:, 1903 flying Alberto Santos-Dumont's airship N° 9 12289: 12212: 12124: 12000: 11779: 11402: 11186: 10852: 10619:. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. 9853:Ruiz, Vicki L.; Korrol, Virginia Sánchez (2006). 9259:Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (1998). 9089:"Nadezhda Popova, WWII 'Night Witch,' Dies at 91" 8803:"Remember Sarla Thakral's maiden flight of fancy" 8401: 8135:Hansen, Janet S.; Oster, Jr., Clinton V. (1997). 7809: 7131: 6591: 6494: 6328: 6295: 6003:. Delegation of the United Arab Emirates at ICAO. 5928: 5883: 5862: 5820: 5693: 5645: 5332: 5191: 5090: 4956:République Tunisienne Ministère du Transport 2013 4871: 4853: 4660: 4182: 4158: 4140: 3804:The new biographical dictionary of Scottish women 3478: 3379: 3199: 2865: 1956: 944:and then in 1935 received her certification as a 924:woman to earn a pilot's license. That same year, 12890: 12481:"Woman IAF flying cadet killed in trainer crash" 11806:[Tunisair's Historic Tribute to Women]. 11787:. London, England. June 19, 2013. Archived from 11641:"The History of Somali Aviation Resource Center" 11600:"Highlights of Louise Sacchi's Aviation History" 11598: 11335: 11260: 9817: 9727:. Lisbon, Portugal: TAP Portugal. Archived from 9326:Moreau, Ron; Yousafzai, Sami (August 13, 2013). 8304:. Paducah, Kentucky: Turner Publishing Company. 8134: 7954:. Maidenhead, Berkshire, England. Archived from 7706:. Oberlin, Ohio: Oberlin College. Archived from 7606: 7167:(68). London, England: Socialist Workers Party. 6920: 6428: 5514: 5352: 5119: 4889: 4681: 3846: 3717: 3109: 2712: 2685: 1638:attained the first pilot license for a woman in 536:became the first woman air mail pilot, when the 12530:"Women Airforce Service Pilots Digital Archive" 11287: 11065:Winged Victory – Women in Aviation Web Magazine 10265: 9325: 9134: 8608:. In Henriot, Christian; Yeh, Wen-hsin (eds.). 8026:. Elmbridge, England: Elmbridge Borough Council 7948:"Celebrating 100 Years of British Women Pilots" 7353: 7329: 7314:. Chicago, Illinois. Smithsonian News Service. 7257: 7188:First lady of the air: the Harriet Quimby story 7038:Boudreau, John; Nguyen, Giang (April 3, 2016). 5711: 5672: 5472: 5134: 5037:Singapore Council of Women's Organisations 2015 4086: 3343: 3277: 3121: 2553:and became the first female airline pilot post 2524:said that the reason there were only two women 2011:became the first women's flight officer in the 1209:Southern Rhodesia Women's Auxiliary Air Service 12864:. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2001. 12320:. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. September 19, 1908 12239: 11543: 11364:[A Woman Pilot, a Natural Evolution]. 11059: 11030:– via Wright Brothers Aeroplane Company. 11013:"The American Girl Who All Europe is Watching" 10929:. Solna, Sweden. June 24, 2016. Archived from 10923:"1970s: Turi Widerøe takes the world by storm" 10166:"Indian Women Pilots Soar Past Global Average" 10016:"How High Can Pakistan's Air Force Women Fly?" 9877: 9640:"All things being unequal: Women in aerospace" 9192:. Ipswich, Massachusetts: MasterFILE Premier. 8974:. Seoul, Korea: Ewha Womans University Press. 8498:チャン・ジニョン (Jang Jin Young) (October 16, 2005). 8497: 8143:. Washington, DC: National Academies. p. 7521:"Mama Daktari's high-flying life of adventure" 7441: 7037: 6899:"Facts About Women in the Military, 1980–1990" 6855:Agent of the Gentle Empire with New Technology 6710:"Did You Know: St. Lucia's first female pilot" 6573: 6465:Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia 2015 6351: 5940: 4902:Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum 2007 4218: 4062: 3669: 3469: 3242:Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum 2016 2679: 2145:Although five women officers had qualified as 1820:. In 1978, a group of former WASPs formed the 1693:became the first woman to fly solo across the 93:Women have been involved in aviation from the 47:to make improvements to the overall structure. 12193:"Sister Who Glories in Wrights' Air Triumphs" 11804:"L'Hommage Historique de Tunisair aux Femmes" 9693:Ramachandran, Smriti Kak (February 5, 2006). 9282:"Pioneers: Women Who Led the Way in Aviation" 8530:. No. Special. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma: 8456:(1st ed.). Wiltshire, England: Airlife. 8093:. No. 1218. Cairo, Egypt. Archived from 8068:(in Russian). Moscow, Russia: Центрполиграф. 7607:Dumoulin, Alphonse; Feuillen, Robert (2005). 6985: 6776:Allen, Kenneth; Kelly, Emma (June 22, 2012). 6192: 6190: 5836:Ministry of Information and Broadcasting 1998 4552: 2568: 2325:Association for Women in Aviation Maintenance 1354:Unlike other countries fighting in WWII, the 544:flew the first official U.S. air mail to the 205:Starting 1906, another inventor of aircraft, 12559:. San Diego, California. n.d. Archived from 12489:. Noida, India. May 13, 2008. Archived from 12449:"Woman Aviator Known as "Tomboy of the Air"" 11915:"Meet Pakistan's first female fighter pilot" 11808:Office de l'Aviation Civile et des Aeroports 11410:. Greenwood, South Carolina. August 31, 1974 11315:British Women Pilots' Association Newsletter 11092:. Tallahassee, Florida. 1996. Archived from 10383: 10220:. La Jolla, California: Scobre Educational. 10042:"Valentina Tereshkova: First Woman in Space" 9692: 9475:"Mpagi: Uganda's first woman military pilot" 8696:(Report). Washington, DC: World Bank Group. 8301:The Ninety-Nines: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow 7945: 7812:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 7380:"Local female pilot leaves a lasting legacy" 7236: 6585: 6524: 6060:British Women Pilots' Association Newsletter 5107: 4206: 3910:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 1991:of the U.S. became the first woman to fly a 12827: 12772: 12352:"Two Malawi female pilots: Steady take-off" 12350: 12331: 11968: 11568:"Hemisphere Hopper from Rio Reaches Ottawa" 11404:"First Ladies of Aviation Seek More Safety" 11206: 11034: 10900:"1910 to 1920—Early Flying in South Africa" 10585: 9771:. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. 9521:"Africa's aviation industry lagging behind" 7082:The American aviation experience: a history 7075:. Vol. 30, no. 3. pp. 20–21. 6319: 6307: 6133: 5901: 5684: 5463: 3618: 3410:South African Power Flying Association 2010 2426:was the first female fighter pilot for the 1910:, at the time Chinyere Onyenucheya became, 1190:National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics 894:through the Northamptonshire Aero Club, at 12801:United States Women in Aviation, 1940–1985 12751:"Zambia's First Female Non-Military Pilot" 12749: 11624:. Pasay, Philippines. 2015. Archived from 11576:. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. August 27, 1951 10642:Weitekamp, Margaret A. (August 3, 2004a). 10641: 10414:Absent Aviators: Gender Issues in Aviation 10315: 9921:"Valmeyer native in rarefied air as pilot" 9910:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 9880:The SAGE handbook of gender and psychology 9852: 8875:. Archived from the original on 2016-12-02 8659:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 8280:"Helen Richey: First Female Airline Pilot" 7794:. Texas Woman's University. Archived from 7135:Absent Aviators: Gender Issues in Aviation 6986:Beton Delègue, Elisabeth (June 20, 2011). 6949:Futurism and the Technological Imagination 6775: 6187: 5618: 5173: 4764: 3952: 2801: 2205:became the first female solo pilot in the 1090:South African Women's Aviation Association 992:earned the first women pilot's license in 237:on several short flights at an airshow in 12878:. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, 2009. 12832:. Eamon Dolan/Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 11708: 10690: 10665: 10614: 10290: 10117: 10096:"Aviation pioneer Phoebe Fairgrave Omlie" 10024:. New York City, New York. Archived from 9998:. New York City, New York. Archived from 9742: 9596: 9097:. New York City, New York. Archived from 9071:. Jersey City, New Jersey. Archived from 8911:. New York City, New York. Archived from 8701: 8488: 8344:Horton, Phyllis R., ed. (February 2000). 8119:. New York City, New York. Archived from 7788:"Women Military Aviators Digital Archive" 7697: 7635:. Kansas City, Missouri: Rockhill Books. 7503:. Los Angeles, California. pp. 1–4. 7132:Bridges, Donna; Neal-Smith, Jane (2014). 7048:. New York City, New York. Archived from 7009: 6806:"Dünyanın İlk Kadın Savaş Pilotu: Gökçen" 6181: 6074:Florida Department of Transportation 1996 5779:sfn error: no target: CITEREFBogino1992 ( 4865: 4455: 4370: 4249: 3994:. IPC Transport Press Limited. July 1931. 3806:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 3705: 3555: 2995: 2816: 2197:became the first woman military pilot of 1886:became the first two women pilots of the 1133:transitioned after the war to commercial 837:Women pilots who escorted the landing of 406:, in time and distance, without landing. 168:, which flew above Lyon, France in 1784. 63:Learn how and when to remove this message 11913: 11360: 10821: 10744: 10234: 10149:. New York City, New York: Zebra Books. 10142: 9918: 9664:Pringle, Gertrude E. S. (July 1, 1922). 9499:Olsen, Patricia R. (November 12, 2016). 9370: 9279: 9244:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. 9159: 8988: 8800: 8777:"New Exhibit: Annie MacDonald Langstaff" 8774: 8667: 8426:황 (Hwang), 유진 (Youjin) (July 25, 2013). 8188:[Jane Herveu, Risk for Company] 8183: 8085:"Once upon a time—She wanted to be free" 8061: 7993: 7946:Gough-Cooper, Caroline (July 17, 2013). 7281: 7212: 6974:. unnamed newspaper clipping. p. 49 6945: 6827: 6476: 6280: 5562: 5427: 5308: 5296: 5003: 4913: 4793: 4261: 4194: 4170: 4099:Centennial of Women Pilots: Raskova 2015 3870: 3694:Centennial of Women Pilots: Etzdorf 2015 3657: 3633: 3458:Smithsonian National Postal Museum 2004a 3446:Smithsonian National Postal Museum 2004b 3397: 3361: 3289: 2877: 2742: 2578:Wage inequalities and career advancement 2445: 2384: 2308:Amelia Earhart Memorial Scholarship Fund 2136: 1960: 1772: 1653: 1569: 1519: 1429: 1337: 1213: 1103: 1061: 1026: 950: 832: 818:and being an instructor pilot. In 1930, 793: 691: 602: 574: 418: 325: 276:seated in the Wright Model A Flyer with 267: 148: 74: 12258:"Time Line: Women in the U.S. Military" 12151: 11873:"Marie Marvingt: Air Ambulance Pioneer" 11513:"Girl's Nerve Unshaken by Tinney Death" 11362:"Femme Pilote, Une Evolution Naturelle" 10555: 10513:Wallace, Kimberley (October 16, 2015). 10512: 10189: 10093: 9987: 9793: 9766: 9663: 9613: 9570:. Boston, Massachusetts. Archived from 9559: 9304:"Famous Canadian Women's Famous Firsts" 9206: 8926: 8451: 8322:Falling Upwards: How We Took to the Air 8214: 8186:"Jane Herveu, le risque pour compagnie" 7857:"Becoming a female pilot: then and now" 7854: 7785: 7673: 7649: 7569: 7544: 7397: 7377: 7303: 7106: 7063: 6896: 6851: 6803: 6751: 6707: 6699:CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6649: 6621: 6157: 6145: 6121: 6109: 5808: 5735: 5633: 5550: 5505:American Business Reference Inc. (1977) 5439: 5400: 5364: 5260: 5221: 5063: 4817: 4805: 4749: 4708: 4654: 4491: 4467: 4443: 4340: 4134: 4026: 3907:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 3789: 3742:Centennial of Women Pilots: Barnes 2015 3645: 3579: 3567: 3525: 3508: 2889: 2848: 2217:became the first woman to complete the 2114:woman, became the first woman pilot in 2104:Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport 2007:, for aircraft manufacturing. In 1981, 1973:Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 1707:African Medical and Research Foundation 1531:Organisations were formed, such as the 1035:Women had been barred from prestigious 983:Royal Far West Children's Health Scheme 826:and selected as one of the first seven 786:, after the number of charter members. 753:, a flying ambulance service. Canadian 164:, who was a passenger in an untethered 97:of both lighter-than air travel and as 12891: 12860:Pennington, Reina, and John Erickson. 12625: 12597: 12373: 12333:"Trio Of Female Captains Make History" 12250:Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association 12224:(CTIE). August 4, 2002. Archived from 12126:"Profile for Captain Chipo M. Matimba" 12027: 12002:"Nancy Bird-Walton, O.B.E (1915–2009)" 11710:"In the Lufthansa cockpit 25 years on" 11521:. Detroit, Michigan. September 7, 1920 11295:. New York, New York. October 15, 2010 10773: 10465: 10444: 10359: 10334: 10213: 10190:Sissons, Crystal (December 18, 2007). 9544: 9518: 9472: 9424: 9351: 9301: 9183: 9112: 9086: 9060: 8953:. Washington, DC: Potomac Books, Inc. 8900: 8801:Kulkarni, Jayant (November 25, 2009). 8549: 8521: 8372: 8343: 8318: 8277: 8184:Hartmann, Gérard (September 2, 2015). 8044:Aviation & Allied Business Journal 8040:"Women Can Stem The Braindrain Crisis" 7926: 7907: 7880: 7761: 7721: 7698:Gabrielli, Betty (December 15, 2003). 7630: 7518: 7416: 6952:. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Rodopi. 6512: 6452: 6416: 6404: 6256: 6217: 6043: 6028: 6013: 5955: 5793: 5774: 5723: 5660: 5586: 5574: 5526: 5493: 5388: 5320: 5284: 5272: 5233: 5209: 4841: 4776: 4642: 4615: 4600: 4416: 4303: 4272: 4270: 4233: 4110: 4038: 3897: 3858: 3753: 3729: 3681: 3046: 2936:Wright Brothers Aeroplane Company 2013 2902:Wright Brothers Aeroplane Company 2014 2777: 2730: 2600: 2586: 1705:became the first female member of the 1007:to receive a pilot's license in 1935. 700:"Demoiselle Santos-Dumont", circa 1920 468:, who had previously been involved in 12576:"Women in Aviation and Space History" 12457:. Pittsburg, Kansas. October 19, 1912 12375:"WAI Seeks Nominees for Hall of Fame" 12201:. St. Louis, Missouri. March 22, 1909 12061:Air and Space Smithsonian Institution 11825: 11084:"Aviation Professional Organizations" 10822:Zakharov, Vladimir Petrovich (1988). 10536: 10163: 10039: 9919:Saathoff, Corey (February 20, 2013). 9794:Roberts, Chelle (February 25, 2015). 9695:"Flying colours & ground reality" 9637: 9498: 9354:"Why are there so few female pilots?" 9280:Molotsky, Irvin (November 12, 1985). 9237: 9036: 9012: 8946: 8850: 8775:Kochkina, Svetlana (April 17, 2015). 8603: 8576: 8425: 8108: 8082: 8037: 8017: 7994:Grainger, Sharmain (March 31, 2013). 7969: 7722:Ganson, Barbara (February 21, 2015). 7360:Air and Space Smithsonian Institution 7336:Air and Space Smithsonian Institution 7185: 7156: 7079: 6872: 6731: 6716:. Castries, St. Lucia. Archived from 6363: 6244: 6232: 6169: 6097: 5748:Colonial Williamsburg Foundation 2008 5185: 5078: 5051: 4925: 4829: 4588: 4564: 4122: 4074: 4050: 3777: 3496: 3484: 3433: 3421: 3385: 3373: 3337: 3325: 3301: 3265: 3253: 3187: 3175: 3145: 3133: 3082: 3070: 3058: 2789: 2718: 2691: 2668:Smithsonian Air and Space Museum 2013 2609: 2591: 1594:, and the British movie based on it, 1535:(AWPA). Another organization was the 623:for the Fox Moving Picture Company's 12012:(CTIE). May 26, 2009. Archived from 11188:"China's Female J-10 Fighter Pilots" 11089:Florida Department of Transportation 10793: 10723: 10564: 10486: 10235:Smalling, Joan (September 3, 1990). 10164:Sinha, Saurabh (November 24, 2014). 10065: 10013: 9966: 9938: 9718: 9614:Pidduck, Angela (January 29, 2006). 9445: 9336:. New York, New York. Archived from 8989:Lehmkuhl, Anne (September 1, 2008). 8754: 8626: 8470: 7745: 7682:. Homestead, Florida. Archived from 7548:American Women and Flight Since 1940 7492: 7221:. New York, New York. Archived from 6966: 6804:Altınay, Ayşe Gül (March 25, 2001). 6597: 6537:Härkönen, Manzoni & Bihagen 2016 6500: 6440: 6334: 6085: 5889: 5699: 5603: 5538: 5452:San Diego Air & Space Museum n.d 5197: 4989:Somali Aviation Resource Center 2013 4877: 4669: 4479: 4382: 4146: 3801: 2919:Women in Aviation International 2003 2706: 2276:became the first woman pilot of the 1918:became the first woman pilot in the 1896:National Transportation Safety Board 1839:Four years later, in 1979, Jamaican 1525:Australian Women Pilots' Association 20: 11892:"Marina Mikhailovna Raskova—Russia" 11693:. February 25, 2011. Archived from 11465: 11268:. St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada: 11130: 10971:"2010 U.S. Civil Airmen Statistics" 10794:影 (Ying), 苏 (Su) (April 13, 2012). 10747:Women's Studies International Forum 10691:Welshimer, Helen (April 26, 1930). 10540:A Handy Book of Curious Information 10102:. Chicago, Illinois. Archived from 9703:. Chandigarh, India. Archived from 9519:Otieno, Lynet (November 25, 2013). 9061:Marcus, Bonnie (October 29, 2014). 8967: 8826: 8286:. New Jersey: Black Hawk Publishing 7239:Women's Studies International Forum 7213:Brownlee, John (December 5, 2013). 7159:"Racism and immigration in Britain" 7073:International Women Pilots Magazine 6760:. Lakeland, Florida. Archived from 5541:, pp. 307, 401, 419, 526, 699. 5412: 4576: 4429:Federal Aviation Administration n.d 4267: 3882: 3607:National Aviation Hall of Fame 2006 3349: 2317:Federation of European Women Pilots 2260:became the first woman captain for 1822:Women's Military Pilots Association 1732:Because of the unpopularity of the 1533:Australia Women Pilots' Association 1069:, world's first female combat pilot 13: 12793: 12599:"Women in Aviation Annual Meeting" 11467:"Flying the flag for Somali peace" 11218:. December 5, 2016. Archived from 10497:. Blantyre, Malawi. Archived from 10094:Sherman, Janann (March 29, 2008). 9371:中村 (Nakamura), 英利子 (Yuko) (2000). 9013:March, William (January 5, 2016). 8991:"A Tribute To An Aviation Pioneer" 8927:Lavalle, Cecilia (July 20, 2016). 8410:. Atlanta, Georgia. Archived from 8251: 7865:. McLean, Virginia. Archived from 7613:Vieilles Tiges de l'Aviation belge 7398:Crellin, Evelyn (April 11, 2014). 7354:Cochrane, D.; Ramirez, P. (2014). 7330:Cochrane, D.; Ramirez, P. (2016). 6881:. Towson, Maryland. Archived from 5478: 2450:A wingwalker at an airshow in 2016 2292:became CEO of the British airline 2252:began flying as first officer for 1851:second officer. Another Jamaican, 1790:, who was hired in late 1968, for 1757:became the first female pilot for 1448:People's Liberation Army Air Force 1159:Women's Flying Training Detachment 673:earned her license the same year. 657:, as Canada's first woman to fly. 299:Officier de l’Instruction Publique 225:started working with barnstormer, 14: 12920: 12734:. January 6, 2010. Archived from 11473:. October 7, 2004. Archived from 11436:U.S. Department of Transportation 11198:. August 16, 2012. Archived from 11138:. October 1, 2015. Archived from 10567:"First female captain no quitter" 10386:Equality, Diversity and Inclusion 10066:Shaw, Charles Scott (June 1976). 9719:Reis, Ricardo (October 1, 2013). 9648:. London, England. Archived from 9562:"For pilots, the sky's the limit" 9483:. Kampala, Uganda. Archived from 9352:Morris, Hugh (February 5, 2016). 9087:Martin, Douglas (July 14, 2013). 8901:Latson, Jennifer (May 15, 2015). 8284:Women In Aviation Resource Center 8083:Habib, Nader (October 23, 2014). 8038:Grant, Chloe (October 11, 2011). 7952:British Women Pilots' Association 7529:. London, England. Archived from 7282:Charlton, Linda (June 10, 1973). 7064:Bouraia, Marina (May–June 2002). 6828:Anderson, Joel (March 26, 2002). 6734:"Give Woman Her Place in the Air" 6708:Aimable, Anselma (May 27, 2014). 6489:Parvazian, Gill & Chiera 2017 3835:Hollander, Jessen & West 1996 2415:jobs. The global average was 3%. 1717:the globe. In 1966, Soviet pilot 160:The first woman known to fly was 86:'s first African American female 16:Role of women aviators in history 12688:. March 13, 2015. Archived from 12580:Smithsonian Air and Space Museum 12557:San Diego Air & Space Museum 12471: 12358:. March 10, 2016. Archived from 12269:Colonial Williamsburg Foundation 11992: 11960: 11833:). April 1, 2004. Archived from 11672:. Portland, Oregon. June 6, 1909 11590: 11535: 11262:"Dorothy Rungeling fonds RG 517" 10715: 10445:Tucker, Spencer C., ed. (2016). 10257: 9988:Schmitt, Eric (August 1, 1991). 9560:Parrack, Keely (March 7, 2006). 9529:. Nairobi, Kenya. Archived from 9160:McKenzie, Nigel (June 9, 2013). 9113:Martin, Hugo (August 21, 1993). 8629:Harriet Quimby: flying fair lady 8581:. In Bossler, Beverly Jo (ed.). 8327:Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group 8254:"Black Woman Pilot A Role Model" 8252:Ho, Rodney (February 12, 1995). 8165:Advances in Life Course Research 7855:Getline, Meryl (March 1, 2005). 7553:The University Press of Kentucky 7304:Cipalla, Rita (March 29, 1987). 7066:"Galina Gavrilovna Korchuganova" 6732:Alden, Alice (August 12, 1932). 6542: 6369: 5990: 5961: 5499: 5143: 4714: 4521: 4497: 4346: 4309: 3098:Air Ambulance International 2013 2640:Women in Aviation, International 2635:Women of Aviation Worldwide Week 2520:In 1986, a spokesperson for the 2244:became the first woman pilot of 2118:in 1988. The following year the 1798:had already hired women pilots. 1395:and was credited with 11 kills. 1232:. The first eight women pilots, 135:Women of Aviation Worldwide Week 25: 12686:Civil Aviation Safety Authority 12218:Aviation Pioneers: An Anthology 12006:Aviation Pioneers: An Anthology 11500:from the original on 2016-12-22 11431:Federal Aviation Administration 10881:Women in Aviation International 10860:. July 16, 2016. Archived from 10666:Weitekamp, Margaret A. (2005). 10644:"First Lady Astronaut Trainees" 10615:Weitekamp, Margaret A. (2004). 10487:Twea, Brenda (March 29, 2016). 10362:"2 September 1977: Class 77-08" 10335:Strebe, Amy Goodpaster (2007). 10243:. Kingston, Jamaica. p. 50 10174:. Mumbai, India. Archived from 9666:"The Girl Who Goes to Business" 8827:Lam, Dave (November 14, 2004). 8811:. Mumbai, India. Archived from 8373:Hughes, Zondra (January 2000). 8266:from the original on 2015-10-24 7762:Garber, Megan (July 15, 2013). 7519:Deedes, W F (January 3, 2001). 7507:from the original on 2016-12-26 7493:Dean, Paul (February 2, 1986). 7479:from the original on 2016-12-02 7460:from the original on 2016-12-02 7378:Coetzee, Anchen (May 6, 2015). 7318:from the original on 2016-11-30 7164:International Socialism Journal 6387:from the original on 2022-01-20 5929:Humayan, Sealy & Parke 2016 3998: 3982: 3958: 3891: 3795: 3766:Air Ambulance International n.d 3307: 3210: 3206:. Harvard University. New York. 3193: 3001: 2766:Centennial of Women Pilots 2009 2313:Women in Aviation International 2209:, in September 1994, flying an 2094:hired their first woman pilot, 2005:National Aeronautic Association 2001:Wright Brothers Memorial Trophy 1920:Republic of Singapore Air Force 1665:A privately funded project, of 1221:, the first woman pilot of the 928:became the first Russian woman 729:, was held as part of the 1929 696:Aboukaia-Driancourt aboard the 245:was taken up as a passenger by 12728:"The World's Only Female Aces" 11762:Singapore Women's Hall of Fame 11243:National Aviation Hall of Fame 11239:National Aviation Organization 11214:(in Chinese). Beijing, China: 10724:West, Jacqueline, ed. (2001). 10674:Johns Hopkins University Press 10565:Wang, Yexing (July 17, 2010). 10416:. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing. 10118:Shetterly, Margot Lee (2016). 9545:Parker, Gillian (April 2016). 9473:Okwera, Oyet (June 13, 2012). 9328:"Afghanistan's Amelia Earhart" 8997:. South Africa. Archived from 8587:University of Washington Press 6929:Texas A&M University Press 6758:20th Century Aviation Magazine 6658:(1st ed.). New York, NY. 6634:Neal-Smith & Cockburn 2009 1957:Close of the twentieth century 1719:Galina Gavrilovna Korchuganova 1366:, flew harassment bombing and 964:Japanese invasion of Manchuria 849:by Miss Meg Skelton (on left). 660: 570: 509:to earn a pilot's license was 337:Early pioneers include French 1: 12454:The Pittsburg Daily Headlight 12354:. San Francisco, California: 12103:"Pilot Stories: The Stinsons" 11423:"The First Women Controllers" 10489:"Flying the Malawi Flag High" 9939:Sara, Sally (June 28, 2013). 9828:Revista Eletrônica AeroDesign 9567:The Christian Science Monitor 8668:Kirkland, Richard C. (2013). 8109:Handy, Bruce (May 28, 2014). 7908:Gollob, Beth (May 10, 2005). 7656:SOVA Smithsonian Institutions 7404:National Air and Space Museum 5673:Smith, Bracks & Wynn 2015 5377:Aero Club of New England 2011 5091:Bridges & Neal-Smith 2014 4854:Bridges & Neal-Smith 2014 4402:Texas Women's University 2013 3802:Ewan, Elizabeth, ed. (2018). 3162:The Pittsburg Daily Headlight 2650: 2625:Timeline of women in aviation 2088:Uganda People's Defence Force 2023:. Unable to join the British 1914:first female pilot. In 1979, 1857:Leeward Islands Air Transport 1550:modeled its air force on the 1483:for women. On June 14, 1963, 1163:Women Airforce Service Pilots 1108:Stamp of Russia 2012 No 1567 847:National Library of Australia 496:Fedor Fedorovich Tereshchenko 12817:. Paris: Flammarion, 2009. 12655:"Women in the Navy Timeline" 12407:Wright Brothers Organization 12318:Harrisburg Daily Independent 12153:"Review: 'Come Fly with Me'" 11739:Wright Brothers Organization 10990:"Air Travel and Segregation" 10320:. New York: Berghahn Books. 10316:Strassmann, W. Paul (2008). 10040:Sharp, Tim (June 14, 2013). 9767:Rickman, Sarah Byrn (2009). 9374:兵頭精、空を飛びます!: 日本人初の女性パイロットの物語 7633:The Barnstormer and the Lady 7545:Douglas, Deborah G. (2004). 6429:Bednarek & Bednarek 2003 5515:Hansen & Oster, Jr. 1997 4682:Rodrigues & de Lima 2009 3940:UK public library membership 3847:Bednarek & Bednarek 2003 3718:Bednarek & Bednarek 2003 3224:. January 1, 1912. p. 2 3110:Dumoulin & Feuillen 2005 2982:Harrisburg Daily Independent 2655: 2070:in 1984, the same year that 1929:, later Washington, entered 1904:Texas International Airlines 1792:Scandinavian Airlines System 1723:World Aerobatic Championship 1701:, a French doctor living in 1387:fought combat missions over 972:Boeing School of Aeronautics 538:United States Postal Service 7: 12327:– via Newspapers.com. 12208:– via Newspapers.com. 11944:The Brainerd Daily Dispatch 11850:"Marga von Etzdorf—Germany" 11679:– via Newspapers.com. 11602:. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma: 11417:– via Newspapers.com. 10693:"Flying Husbands and Wives" 10592:(1st ed.). Routledge. 10586:Weatherford, Doris (2009). 10517:. Port of Spain, Trinidad: 10291:Sofroniou, Andreas (2013). 10014:Shah, Bina (June 8, 2015). 9620:Trinidad and Tobago Newsday 9618:. Port of Spain, Trinidad: 9184:McLean, Jacqueline (2001). 9039:"Elena Caragiani-Stoenescu" 8755:Knox, Annie (May 4, 2013). 8671:Tales of a Helicopter Pilot 8506:(in Korean). Archived from 8436:(in Korean). Archived from 8196:(in French). Archived from 7912:. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma: 7881:Gibson, Karen Bush (2013). 7157:Brown, Ruth (Autumn 1995). 6873:Barry, Kathleen M. (2006). 6858:. New York, NY: iUniverse. 6747:– via Newspapers.com. 5975:. Vol. 4, no. 3. 5763:Navy Personnel Command 2015 5712:Moreau & Yousafzai 2013 4354:"First female combat pilot" 4087:Markwick & Cardona 2012 3542:The Brainerd Daily Dispatch 3278:Cochrane & Ramirez 2014 3122:Cochrane & Ramirez 2016 2618: 2522:Airline Pilot's Association 2250:Felistas Magengo-Mkandawire 1456:on-board aircraft mechanics 1333:Republic of Korea Air Force 1173:and helped tow targets for 942:Zhukovsky Air Force Academy 679:Republic of Korea Air Force 440:Cheridah de Beauvoir Stocks 10: 12925: 12709:Centennial of Women Pilots 12534:Gateway to Women's History 12267:. Williamsburg, Virginia: 12214:"Suzanne Melk (1908–1951)" 11896:Centennial of Women Pilots 11854:Centennial of Women Pilots 11448:Centennial of Women Pilots 11444:"Florence Lowe Barnes—USA" 11208:"中国首位环飞女飞行员王争：华人女首飞书写航空传奇" 10796:"中国首位女飞行员是广东美女：与胡蝶周璇并称七姐妹" 10759:10.1016/j.wsif.2019.03.003 10577:on 2010-07-20 – via 10515:"The First Female Captain" 10366:Women in Aerospace History 10343:Greenwood Publishing Group 10143:Sinclair, Michele (2012). 9638:Poole, Dan (May 8, 2008). 8732:(8): 4325. April 1, 2015. 8550:Jessen, Gene Nora (2002). 8522:Jessen, Gene Nora (1999). 8177:10.1016/j.alcr.2016.01.001 7792:Gateway to Women's History 7448:. Los Angeles, California. 7251:10.1016/j.wsif.2017.10.001 6927:. College Station, Texas: 6852:Barbera, Jonathon (2005). 6752:Aldrich, Nancy W. (2015). 6740:. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 6642: 6574:Ryan & Branscombe 2013 6352:Boudreau & Nguyen 2016 3966:"Sywell Aerodrome History" 3200:Frank Moore Colby (1907). 2569:Diversity in the classroom 2509:During the first National 2323:. and two years later the 2306:(the 99s) established the 1892:Guyana Airways Corporation 1713:became the first woman to 1416:Isabella Ribeiro de Cabral 144: 127:Aéroclub féminin la Stella 12134:Girls High School, Harare 12080:"Pilot Stories: Ruth Law" 11194:. Weston, Massachusetts: 11178:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 10701:. Benton-Harbor, Michigan 10360:Swopes, Brian R. (2015). 10341:. Westport, Connecticut: 10196:The Canadian Encyclopedia 10146:A Woman Made For Pleasure 9743:Remington, Steve (2006). 9616:"TT's first female pilot" 9507:. New York City, New York 9410:10.1108/17542410910930734 9290:. New York City, New York 9262:India: A Reference Annual 9123:. Los Angeles, California 9019:The Canadian Encyclopedia 9015:"RCAF (Women's Division)" 8947:Lebow, Eileen F. (2002). 8892:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 8782:McGill University Library 8554:Powder Puff Derby of 1929 8278:Holden, Henry M. (2001). 7786:Garwood, Barbara (2014). 7746:Gant, Kelli (June 2001). 7674:Folstad, Hartley (2012). 7425:W.W. Norton & Company 7292:. New York City, New York 7107:Branson, Richard (2010). 6946:Berghaus, Günter (2009). 6897:Becraft, Carolyn (1990). 2493: 1342:Female mechanics work on 1274:Ida Veldhuyzen van Zanten 1144:wrote to the first lady, 529: 488:Elena Caragiani-Stoenescu 426:, early parachutist, 1913 314:Saint Louis Post-Dispatch 12874:Strebe, Amy Goodpaster. 12553:"Women at the Forefront" 11669:The Oregon Daily Journal 10569:. Minato, Tokyo, Japan: 10398:10.1108/EDI-05-2015-0036 10072:Military History Journal 9861:Indiana University Press 9859:. Bloomington, Indiana: 9598:10.1177/2158244017700230 9302:Monroe, Dawn E. (2004). 9188:Modern Women in Aviation 8851:Lanza, Maurizio (2013). 8490:10.15394/jaaer.2010.1368 8454:Air aces of World War II 8452:Jackson, Robert (2003). 8319:Holmes, Richard (2013). 8217:Journal of Social Issues 8020:"Hilda Beatrice Hewlett" 8018:Grant, Alistair (2009). 7970:Goyer, Mireille (2012). 7680:Silver Wings Wingwalking 7650:Ferraro, Jordan (2008). 7186:Brown, Sterling (1997). 7016:Military History Journal 6650:Ackmann, Martha (2003). 6586:Tinoco & Rivera 2017 6525:Chapman & Benis 2017 6269:Centre for Aviation 2015 5917:Philippine Airlines 2015 3436:, pp. 163–164, 168. 3218:"Woman Sets Aero Record" 2967:The Oregon Daily Journal 2483:Women Aviators in Africa 2413:Royal Canadian Air Force 2240:In the civilian sector, 2161:was a military officer, 2084:National Resistance Army 2029:Elizabeth Jennings Clark 1977:Civil Rights Act of 1964 1975:found violations of the 1768: 1565: 1425: 1310:Royal Canadian Air Force 1099: 789: 774:On November 2, 1929, at 763:aeronautical engineering 723:Santa Monica, California 647:, first law graduate of 424:Georgia "Tiny" Broadwick 384:an award of 2000 French 321: 223:Georgia "Tiny" Broadwick 12828:O'Brien, Keith (2018). 12682:Flight Safety Australia 12248:. Frederick, Maryland: 12198:St. Louis Post-Dispatch 11942:. Brainard, Minnesota: 11940:"Miss Phoebe Fairgrave" 11616:"History and Milestone" 10672:. Baltimore, Maryland: 10537:Walsh, William (1913). 10466:Turner, Denice (2011). 10217:Yes She Did!: Aerospace 9745:"Miss Todd's Aeroplane" 9238:Merry, Lois K. (2010). 9207:McLoone, Margo (2000). 8971:Women in Korean History 8808:Daily News and Analysis 8585:. Seattle, Washington: 8500:"映画『青燕』、韓国初の女性飛行士めぐり論争" 8229:10.1111/0022-4537.00234 8111:"Glamour With Altitude" 7631:Farney, Dennis (2010). 7417:Crouch, Tom D. (2003). 4631:All About Military 2010 3033:St. Louis Post-Dispatch 2370:Geraldine (Jerrie) Cobb 2106:'s Board of Directors. 2027:or local cadet forces, 1818:Williams Air Force Base 1630:became the first woman 1614:became the first woman 1552:British Royal Air Force 1541:Jean Ross Howard Phelan 1461:In late 1952, with the 1452:communication operators 1440:air traffic controllers 1292:, flying transports to 1184:during WWII. Commander 1182:air traffic controllers 1094:South African Air Force 1039:following the death of 804:1929 stock market crash 780:Valley Stream, New York 561:Hewlett-Blondeau School 515:Kimberley, South Africa 505:The first woman on the 372:. On October 13, 1910, 84:United States Air Force 12705:"Women World's Firsts" 12297:. 2001. Archived from 12271:. 2008. Archived from 12240:"Those Whirly-Girls". 12136:. 2015. Archived from 11827:"식민지 조선의 여자비행사로 산다는 것" 11518:The Detroit Free Press 11496:. September 26, 2007. 11272:. 2006. Archived from 11245:. 2006. Archived from 11067:. 2006. Archived from 10800:Yangcheng Evening News 10214:Skogen, Jenny (2014). 10124:. New York, New York: 9721:"The flying Brazilian" 9591:(2): 215824401770023. 9202:– via EBSCOhost. 9164:. Georgetown, Guyana: 9141:. New York, New York: 9037:Marcu, George (2009). 8968:Lee, Bae-yong (2008). 8325:. New York, New York: 7998:. Georgetown, Guyana: 7976:Women of Aviation Week 7927:Gordon, Yefim (2001). 7728:Women of Aviation Week 7423:. New York, New York: 7045:Bloomberg Businessweek 6296:Monster Worldwide 2012 5863:Girls High School 2015 4765:Allen & Kelly 2012 4358:Guinness World Records 4183:Monash University 2002 4159:Monash University 2009 4006:"Aerodrome Activities" 3916:10.1093/ref:odnb/63962 3593:The Detroit Free Press 3013:wright.libraryhost.com 2866:Parachute History 2001 2802:Ruiz & Korrol 2006 2630:List of women aviators 2515:aircraft manufacturers 2451: 2407: 2390:Air Traffic Controller 2319:(FEWP) was founded in 2169:. That same year, Lt. 2142: 1967: 1876:Cheryl Pickering-Moore 1813:Godfrey L. Cabot Award 1778: 1671:Woman in Space Program 1662: 1616:air traffic controller 1581: 1577:from 1968 working for 1528: 1443: 1351: 1262:Winifred Crossley Fair 1225: 1113: 1070: 1032: 956: 901:In May 1932, American 850: 799: 701: 608: 607:Bessie Coleman in 1923 584: 453:, on 7 November 1911. 427: 334: 281: 157: 90: 11606:. n.d. Archived from 11061:"Aviation Chronology" 10927:Scandinavian Traveler 10824:"Из племени крылатых" 10598:10.4324/9780203870662 9947:. Sydney, Australia: 9425:Noggle, Anne (2001). 9308:Famous Canadian Women 9043:Enciclopedia României 8738:10.5860/CHOICE.189123 8726:Choice Reviews Online 8627:Kerr, Leslie (2016). 8262:. Chicago, Illinois. 8065:Пилоты Его Величества 8024:The Elmbridge Hundred 7931:. Hinckley: Aerofax. 7889:. Chicago, Illinois: 7755:Flight Attendant News 7676:"Wingwalking History" 7652:"Lee Ya-Ching Papers" 7584:10.1353/ala.2010.0026 6714:St. Lucia News Online 5977:Mount Holyoke College 5969:"Barbara Cassani '82" 5247:Scandinavian Traveler 4890:Brock University 2006 4533:magazines.defensie.nl 4509:archive.atamuseum.org 4371:Bird & Botes 1982 3898:Pottle, Mark (2004). 3222:The Indianapolis Star 2536:. In 1934, however, 2449: 2388: 2219:Air Force of Zimbabwe 2140: 2098:. and that same year 1964: 1943:United Parcel Service 1866:On 9 September 1976, 1833:Jamaica Defence Force 1776: 1759:Scandinavian Airlines 1657: 1573: 1523: 1433: 1341: 1217: 1107: 1065: 1041:Florence Klingensmith 1030: 990:Phyllis Doreen Hooper 954: 836: 797: 695: 626:The Perils of Pauline 606: 578: 511:Ann Maria Bocciarelli 422: 329: 271: 196:Alberto Santos-Dumont 183:by 1810 and was made 152: 78: 12799:Douglas, Deborah G. 12132:. Harare, Zimbabwe: 11494:Catholic News Agency 11492:. Denver, Colorado: 11241:. Dayton, Ohio: The 10951:The Jamaica Observer 10272:. Canton, Michigan: 10252:Newspaperarchive.com 10237:"Five Women Who Fly" 10100:Woman Pilot Magazine 9967:Salt, Beryl (2015). 9398:Gender in Management 8604:Judge, Joan (2012). 8589:. pp. 139–160. 8577:Judge, Joan (2015). 8471:Ison, David (2010). 7891:Chicago Review Press 6879:Femininity in Flight 6836:. AP. Archived from 6834:The Plainview Herald 6832:. Plainview, Texas: 6383:. January 20, 2022. 5876:Catholic News Agency 5353:The Ninety Nines n.d 5155:www.encyclopedia.com 4972:The Jamaica Observer 4458:, pp. 7, 11–12. 4321:First Flight Society 3991:Flight International 3148:, pp. 215, 219. 2504:Claude Grahame-White 2280:. In November 1998, 2227:Operation Desert Fox 2163:Judy Chesser Coffman 2151:United States Senate 1950:Barbara Ann Christie 1935:aeronautical science 1888:Guyana Defence Force 1684:Valentina Tereshkova 1659:Valentina Tereshkova 1489:Dassault Mirage IIIR 1362:. This group of the 1254:Margaret Fairweather 1121:had been trained as 955:WASP Hazel Ying Lee 824:Boeing Air Transport 747:French colonial wars 592:more customers. The 587:Men and women after 478:Lilly Steinschneider 430:Within a fortnight, 12909:History of aviation 12517:. November 28, 1909 12430:Centre for Aviation 11946:. September 7, 1921 11690:The Huffington Post 11621:Philippine Airlines 11469:. London, England: 11159:The National Mirror 11134:. London, England: 10832:Of the Winged Tribe 9460:10.1787/1e7b8a7a-en 8861:Rivista Aeronautica 8259:The Chicago Tribune 7748:"Women in Aviation" 7526:The Daily Telegraph 7311:The Chicago Tribune 7264:GenderGapGrader.com 7219:Fast Company Design 7080:Brady, Tim (2000). 6610:Klugman et al. 2014 6200:. November 18, 2017 5958:, pp. 120–124. 5589:, pp. 172–174. 5517:, pp. 117–119. 5093:, pp. 168–169. 5020:The National Mirror 4645:, pp. 157–158. 4125:, pp. 176–177. 3732:, pp. 136–137. 3670:Jang Jin Young 2005 3376:, pp. 110–115. 3178:, pp. 220–225. 3136:, pp. 204–205. 2601:Funding initiatives 2587:Solutions to gender 2545:movement. In 1969, 2460:Asia-Pacific region 2420:aerospace engineers 2358:Nancy Harkness Love 2327:(AWAM) was formed. 2262:Philippine Airlines 2060:Khatool Mohammadzai 2015:and that same year 1841:Maria Ziadie-Haddad 1504:aerographer's mates 1454:, 5 navigators, 30 1385:Yekaterina Budanova 1258:Gabrielle Patterson 1150:Nancy Harkness Love 1031:Sabiha Gökçen 1930s 492:Lyubov Golanchikova 456:In September 1910, 388:was established by 339:Raymonde de Laroche 45:editing the article 12846:Oakes, Claudia M. 12732:All About Military 12514:The New York Times 12486:The Indian Express 11735:"Katherine Wright" 11573:The Ottawa Journal 11434:. Washington, DC: 11266:Digital Repository 11212:新浪旅游 (Sina Travel) 11157:. Lagos, Nigeria: 11017:The World Magazine 10804:Xinhua News Agency 10698:The News-Palladium 10021:The New York Times 9995:The New York Times 9553:Air Force Magazine 9505:The New York Times 9287:The New York Times 9143:Palgrave MacMillan 9094:The New York Times 8995:Bygones and Byways 8929:"¿Es tan difícil?" 8829:"Bozena Laglerova" 7700:"The Wright Stuff" 7289:The New York Times 6967:Best, Liz (n.d.). 5849:The Indian Express 4695:The Ottawa Journal 4553:Beton Delègue 2011 4306:, p. 308–309. 4282:Air Racing History 3682:Yang & Wu 2006 2952:The World Magazine 2851:, p. 110–111. 2830:The New York Times 2610:Cultural evolution 2592:Affirmative action 2452: 2428:Pakistan Air Force 2408: 2268:, the first black 2256:in 1995. In 1993, 2213:at the age of 22. 2175:United States Navy 2167:United States Navy 2143: 2013:United States Navy 1968: 1804:women's liberation 1779: 1749:. That same year, 1679:United States Navy 1663: 1620:Yvonne Pope Sintes 1603:Coffee, Tea or Me? 1582: 1529: 1480:Jacqueline Cochran 1444: 1422:became a captain. 1352: 1268:and Canadian born 1250:Marion Wilberforce 1226: 1142:Jacqueline Cochran 1131:Patricia W. Malone 1114: 1071: 1057:Jacqueline Cochran 1033: 957: 946:flight instruments 869:Antonie Strassmann 851: 800: 751:Aviation Sanitaire 731:National Air Races 702: 654:Maclean's Magazine 609: 585: 442:became the second 428: 414:Matilde E. Moisant 335: 308:The World Magazine 282: 171:Four years later, 158: 91: 12884:978-1-59797-266-6 12823:978-2-08-030108-6 12295:Parachute History 12222:Monash University 12130:Girls High School 12010:Monash University 11785:BBC News Magazine 11408:The Index-Journal 11235:"Coleman, Bessie" 11196:Monster Worldwide 10858:MiCampus Magazine 10737:978-1-85743-121-6 10683:978-0-8018-8394-1 10607:978-0-203-87066-2 10479:978-90-420-3297-2 10439:978 1 4724 3340 4 10431:978 1 4724 3339 8 10423:978 1 4724 3338 1 10352:978-0-275-99434-1 10308:978-1-291-58550-6 10283:978-1-57859-583-9 10274:Visible Ink Press 10227:978-1-62920-327-0 10156:978-1-4201-2854-3 10135:978-0-06-236361-9 9980:978-1-908916-26-6 9889:978-1-4462-8714-9 9830:(in Portuguese). 9778:978-0-8173-8293-3 9438:978-1-58544-177-8 9388:978-4-901108-10-2 9272:978-81-230-0637-6 9251:978-0-7864-5768-7 9199:978-1-881508-70-0 9152:978-0-230-36254-3 9120:Los Angeles Times 8981:978-89-7300-772-1 8960:978-1-57488-482-1 8681:978-1-58834-413-7 8638:978-0-7643-5067-2 8619:978-90-04-23375-1 8596:978-0-295-80601-3 8569:978-1-4022-2972-5 8428:"'민간항공의 어머니' 김경오" 8336:978-0-307-90870-4 8311:978-1-56311-203-4 8075:978-5-457-02911-8 7900:978-1-61374-540-3 7642:978-1-935362-69-2 7500:Los Angeles Times 7445:Los Angeles Times 7356:"Matilde Moisant" 7149:978-1-4724-3338-1 7124:978-1-61723-003-5 6959:978-90-420-2747-3 6865:978-0-595-34719-3 6220:, pp. 24–27. 5822:MiCampus Magazine 5647:BBC News Magazine 5334:The Index-Journal 5108:Gough-Cooper 2013 4868:, pp. 55–56. 4207:Ramachandran 2006 3938:(Subscription or 3925:978-0-19-861412-8 3837:, pp. 11–12. 3813:978-1-4744-3629-8 3400:, pp. 37–49. 2709:, pp. 11–12. 2530:Marga von Etzdorf 2511:Women's Air Derby 2274:Nicole Chang Leng 2155:aircraft carriers 2062:became the first 1868:Asli Hassan Abade 1837:TransJamaica Ltd. 1784:American Airlines 1743:South West Africa 1739:Kucki von Gerlach 1661:on Russian stamp. 1649:Jacqueline Auriol 1645:Jacqueline Auriol 1618:in Australia and 1556:Dorothy Rungeling 1485:Jacqueline Auriol 1368:precision bombing 1364:Soviet Air Forces 1238:Margaret Cunnison 1146:Eleanor Roosevelt 1135:flight simulation 979:Nancy Bird Walton 934:Soviet Air Forces 916:became the first 907:Purdue University 828:flight attendants 719:Women's Air Derby 683:Marga von Etzdorf 649:McGill University 581:Stockholm, Sweden 565:Charlotte Möhring 534:Katherine Stinson 507:African Continent 470:automobile racing 451:aviator's licence 396:women's magazine 227:Charles Broadwick 73: 72: 65: 38:layout guidelines 12916: 12899:Women in history 12843: 12813:Marck, Bernard. 12788: 12786: 12785: 12769: 12767: 12766: 12746: 12744: 12743: 12723: 12721: 12720: 12700: 12698: 12697: 12673: 12671: 12670: 12650: 12648: 12647: 12622: 12620: 12619: 12594: 12592: 12591: 12571: 12569: 12568: 12548: 12546: 12545: 12525: 12523: 12522: 12510: 12501: 12499: 12498: 12476: 12475: 12469: 12463: 12462: 12444: 12442: 12441: 12421: 12419: 12418: 12398: 12396: 12395: 12370: 12368: 12367: 12347: 12345: 12344: 12328: 12326: 12325: 12309: 12307: 12306: 12291:"Tiny Broadwick" 12286: 12284: 12283: 12277: 12262: 12253: 12236: 12234: 12233: 12209: 12207: 12206: 12188: 12186: 12185: 12173: 12171: 12170: 12148: 12146: 12145: 12121: 12119: 12118: 12098: 12096: 12095: 12075: 12073: 12072: 12052: 12050: 12049: 12024: 12022: 12021: 11997: 11996: 11990: 11984: 11983: 11965: 11964: 11958: 11952: 11951: 11935: 11933: 11932: 11910: 11908: 11907: 11887: 11885: 11884: 11868: 11866: 11865: 11845: 11843: 11842: 11822: 11820: 11819: 11799: 11797: 11796: 11776: 11774: 11773: 11753: 11751: 11750: 11730: 11728: 11727: 11705: 11703: 11702: 11680: 11678: 11677: 11659: 11657: 11656: 11636: 11634: 11633: 11611: 11604:The Ninety Nines 11595: 11594: 11588: 11582: 11581: 11563: 11561: 11560: 11540: 11539: 11533: 11527: 11526: 11508: 11506: 11505: 11485: 11483: 11482: 11462: 11460: 11459: 11439: 11427: 11418: 11416: 11415: 11399: 11397: 11396: 11380: 11378: 11377: 11357: 11355: 11354: 11342:Guyana Chronicle 11332: 11330: 11329: 11323: 11312: 11303: 11301: 11300: 11284: 11282: 11281: 11270:Brock University 11257: 11255: 11254: 11230: 11228: 11227: 11203: 11183: 11177: 11169: 11167: 11166: 11150: 11148: 11147: 11127: 11125: 11124: 11104: 11102: 11101: 11079: 11077: 11076: 11056: 11054: 11053: 11031: 11029: 11028: 11008: 11006: 11005: 10985: 10983: 10982: 10966: 10964: 10963: 10941: 10939: 10938: 10918: 10916: 10915: 10895: 10893: 10892: 10872: 10870: 10869: 10849: 10844:. Archived from 10818: 10816: 10815: 10806:. Archived from 10790: 10788: 10787: 10770: 10741: 10720: 10719: 10713: 10707: 10706: 10687: 10662: 10660: 10659: 10638: 10611: 10582: 10573:. Archived from 10561: 10552: 10533: 10531: 10530: 10521:. Archived from 10509: 10507: 10506: 10483: 10462: 10417: 10409: 10380: 10378: 10377: 10368:. Archived from 10356: 10331: 10312: 10287: 10262: 10261: 10255: 10249: 10248: 10231: 10210: 10208: 10207: 10186: 10184: 10183: 10160: 10139: 10114: 10112: 10111: 10090: 10088: 10087: 10062: 10060: 10059: 10036: 10034: 10033: 10010: 10008: 10007: 9984: 9963: 9961: 9960: 9951:. Archived from 9935: 9933: 9932: 9915: 9909: 9901: 9874: 9849: 9847: 9846: 9840: 9825: 9814: 9812: 9811: 9802:. Archived from 9790: 9763: 9761: 9760: 9739: 9737: 9736: 9715: 9713: 9712: 9689: 9687: 9686: 9660: 9658: 9657: 9634: 9632: 9631: 9622:. Archived from 9610: 9600: 9575: 9556: 9550: 9541: 9539: 9538: 9515: 9513: 9512: 9495: 9493: 9492: 9469: 9467: 9466: 9442: 9421: 9392: 9367: 9365: 9364: 9348: 9346: 9345: 9322: 9320: 9319: 9310:. Archived from 9298: 9296: 9295: 9276: 9255: 9234: 9214: 9203: 9191: 9180: 9178: 9177: 9168:. Archived from 9156: 9131: 9129: 9128: 9109: 9107: 9106: 9083: 9081: 9080: 9057: 9055: 9054: 9033: 9031: 9030: 9009: 9007: 9006: 8985: 8964: 8943: 8941: 8940: 8923: 8921: 8920: 8897: 8891: 8883: 8881: 8880: 8858: 8847: 8845: 8844: 8823: 8821: 8820: 8797: 8795: 8794: 8771: 8769: 8768: 8749: 8723: 8713: 8711: 8710: 8705: 8695: 8685: 8664: 8658: 8650: 8623: 8600: 8573: 8557: 8546: 8544: 8543: 8534:. Archived from 8528:99 News Magazine 8518: 8516: 8515: 8494: 8492: 8467: 8448: 8446: 8445: 8433:The Korea Herald 8422: 8420: 8419: 8398: 8396: 8395: 8369: 8367: 8366: 8340: 8315: 8294: 8292: 8291: 8274: 8272: 8271: 8248: 8211: 8209: 8208: 8202: 8191: 8180: 8158: 8142: 8131: 8129: 8128: 8105: 8103: 8102: 8079: 8058: 8056: 8055: 8034: 8032: 8031: 8014: 8012: 8011: 8002:. Archived from 7990: 7988: 7987: 7966: 7964: 7963: 7942: 7923: 7921: 7920: 7904: 7888: 7877: 7875: 7874: 7851: 7824:10.1037/a0022530 7806: 7804: 7803: 7782: 7780: 7779: 7770:. Archived from 7758: 7752: 7742: 7740: 7739: 7718: 7716: 7715: 7694: 7692: 7691: 7670: 7668: 7667: 7646: 7627: 7625: 7624: 7603: 7566: 7541: 7539: 7538: 7515: 7513: 7512: 7487: 7485: 7484: 7468: 7466: 7465: 7449: 7438: 7413: 7411: 7410: 7394: 7392: 7391: 7374: 7372: 7371: 7350: 7348: 7347: 7332:"Helene Dutrieu" 7326: 7324: 7323: 7306:"Sky's No Limit" 7300: 7298: 7297: 7278: 7276: 7275: 7266:. Archived from 7254: 7233: 7231: 7230: 7209: 7182: 7180: 7179: 7153: 7128: 7103: 7076: 7070: 7060: 7058: 7057: 7034: 7032: 7031: 7006: 7004: 7003: 6982: 6980: 6979: 6973: 6963: 6942: 6917: 6915: 6914: 6893: 6891: 6890: 6869: 6848: 6846: 6845: 6824: 6822: 6821: 6812:. Archived from 6800: 6798: 6797: 6772: 6770: 6769: 6748: 6746: 6745: 6738:The Evening News 6728: 6726: 6725: 6704: 6697: 6691: 6687: 6685: 6677: 6657: 6637: 6631: 6625: 6619: 6613: 6607: 6601: 6595: 6589: 6583: 6577: 6571: 6565: 6564: 6562: 6561: 6556:. March 25, 2022 6546: 6540: 6534: 6528: 6522: 6516: 6510: 6504: 6498: 6492: 6486: 6480: 6474: 6468: 6462: 6456: 6450: 6444: 6438: 6432: 6426: 6420: 6414: 6408: 6402: 6396: 6395: 6393: 6392: 6373: 6367: 6361: 6355: 6349: 6338: 6332: 6326: 6317: 6311: 6308:Sina Travel 2016 6305: 6299: 6293: 6287: 6278: 6272: 6266: 6260: 6254: 6248: 6242: 6236: 6230: 6221: 6215: 6209: 6208: 6206: 6205: 6194: 6185: 6179: 6173: 6167: 6161: 6155: 6149: 6143: 6137: 6134:Weatherford 2009 6131: 6125: 6119: 6113: 6107: 6101: 6095: 6089: 6083: 6077: 6071: 6065: 6056: 6050: 6041: 6035: 6026: 6020: 6011: 6005: 6004: 6002: 5998:"Aysha Alhameli" 5994: 5988: 5987: 5985: 5984: 5965: 5959: 5953: 5947: 5938: 5932: 5926: 5920: 5914: 5908: 5899: 5893: 5887: 5881: 5872: 5866: 5860: 5854: 5845: 5839: 5833: 5827: 5818: 5812: 5806: 5800: 5791: 5785: 5784: 5772: 5766: 5760: 5751: 5745: 5739: 5733: 5727: 5721: 5715: 5709: 5703: 5697: 5691: 5682: 5676: 5670: 5664: 5658: 5652: 5643: 5637: 5631: 5625: 5616: 5607: 5601: 5590: 5584: 5578: 5572: 5566: 5560: 5554: 5548: 5542: 5536: 5530: 5524: 5518: 5512: 5506: 5503: 5497: 5491: 5482: 5476: 5470: 5461: 5455: 5449: 5443: 5437: 5431: 5425: 5419: 5410: 5404: 5398: 5392: 5386: 5380: 5374: 5368: 5362: 5356: 5350: 5339: 5330: 5324: 5318: 5312: 5306: 5300: 5294: 5288: 5282: 5276: 5270: 5264: 5258: 5252: 5243: 5237: 5231: 5225: 5219: 5213: 5207: 5201: 5195: 5189: 5183: 5177: 5171: 5165: 5164: 5162: 5161: 5147: 5141: 5132: 5126: 5121:Guyana Chronicle 5117: 5111: 5105: 5094: 5088: 5082: 5076: 5070: 5061: 5055: 5049: 5040: 5034: 5025: 5016: 5007: 5001: 4992: 4986: 4977: 4968: 4959: 4953: 4944: 4938: 4929: 4923: 4917: 4911: 4905: 4899: 4893: 4887: 4881: 4875: 4869: 4863: 4857: 4851: 4845: 4839: 4833: 4827: 4821: 4815: 4809: 4803: 4797: 4791: 4780: 4774: 4768: 4762: 4753: 4747: 4741: 4740: 4738: 4737: 4722:"Wendy Yawching" 4718: 4712: 4706: 4700: 4691: 4685: 4679: 4673: 4667: 4658: 4652: 4646: 4640: 4634: 4628: 4619: 4613: 4604: 4598: 4592: 4586: 4580: 4574: 4568: 4562: 4556: 4550: 4544: 4543: 4541: 4540: 4525: 4519: 4518: 4516: 4515: 4501: 4495: 4489: 4483: 4477: 4471: 4465: 4459: 4453: 4447: 4441: 4432: 4426: 4420: 4414: 4405: 4399: 4386: 4380: 4374: 4368: 4362: 4361: 4350: 4344: 4338: 4332: 4331: 4329: 4328: 4323:. August 2, 2014 4313: 4307: 4301: 4292: 4291: 4289: 4288: 4274: 4265: 4259: 4253: 4247: 4241: 4231: 4225: 4216: 4210: 4204: 4198: 4192: 4186: 4180: 4174: 4168: 4162: 4156: 4150: 4144: 4138: 4132: 4126: 4120: 4114: 4108: 4102: 4096: 4090: 4084: 4078: 4072: 4066: 4060: 4054: 4048: 4042: 4036: 4030: 4024: 4018: 4017: 4002: 3996: 3995: 3986: 3980: 3979: 3977: 3976: 3970:Sywell Aerodrome 3962: 3956: 3950: 3944: 3943: 3935: 3933: 3932: 3903: 3895: 3889: 3880: 3874: 3868: 3862: 3856: 3850: 3844: 3838: 3832: 3826: 3825: 3799: 3793: 3787: 3781: 3780:, p. 42–43. 3775: 3769: 3763: 3757: 3751: 3745: 3739: 3733: 3727: 3721: 3720:, p. 48–49. 3715: 3709: 3703: 3697: 3691: 3685: 3679: 3673: 3667: 3661: 3655: 3649: 3643: 3637: 3631: 3625: 3616: 3610: 3604: 3598: 3589: 3583: 3577: 3571: 3565: 3559: 3553: 3547: 3538: 3529: 3523: 3512: 3506: 3500: 3494: 3488: 3482: 3476: 3475:, p. 1910s. 3467: 3461: 3455: 3449: 3443: 3437: 3431: 3425: 3419: 3413: 3407: 3401: 3395: 3389: 3383: 3377: 3371: 3365: 3359: 3353: 3347: 3341: 3335: 3329: 3323: 3317: 3311: 3305: 3299: 3293: 3287: 3281: 3275: 3269: 3263: 3257: 3251: 3245: 3239: 3233: 3232: 3230: 3229: 3214: 3208: 3207: 3197: 3191: 3185: 3179: 3173: 3167: 3158: 3149: 3143: 3137: 3131: 3125: 3119: 3113: 3107: 3101: 3095: 3086: 3080: 3074: 3068: 3062: 3056: 3050: 3044: 3038: 3029: 3023: 3022: 3020: 3019: 3005: 2999: 2993: 2987: 2978: 2972: 2963: 2957: 2948: 2939: 2933: 2922: 2916: 2905: 2899: 2893: 2887: 2881: 2875: 2869: 2863: 2852: 2846: 2835: 2826: 2820: 2814: 2805: 2799: 2793: 2787: 2781: 2775: 2769: 2763: 2746: 2740: 2734: 2728: 2722: 2716: 2710: 2704: 2695: 2689: 2683: 2677: 2671: 2665: 2547:Jacqueline Dubut 2500:Clare Booth Luce 2464:Vietnam Airlines 2404:Bonhomme Richard 2394:Walter Natynczyk 2288:. Also in 1998, 2258:Aurora Carandang 2207:Indian Air Force 2203:Harita Kaur Deol 2120:Afghan Air Force 2092:British Airlines 2041:Charlotte Larson 1999:was awarded the 1989:Lynn Rippelmeyer 1900:Jill Brown-Hiltz 1872:Somali Air Force 1721:competed at the 1667:William Lovelace 1643:decade, she and 1634:pilot. In 1961, 1597:Come Fly with Me 1587:Come Fly with Me 1516: 1408:Tierra del Fuego 1330: 1317:home or abroad. 1314:Women's Division 1298:Legion of Honour 1290:French Air Force 1242:Mona Friedlander 1223:French Air Force 1112:who flew in WWII 1079:Dersim Rebellion 988:That same year, 920:woman and first 892:Mrs Harold Brown 879:from Germany to 859:Mrs Victor Bruce 641:African American 613:Phoebe Fairgrave 557:Gustave Blondeau 531: 504: 462:Božena Laglerová 446:woman to gain a 303:Légion d’Honneur 290:Katherine Wright 274:Katharine Wright 207:Emma Lilian Todd 177:Sophie Blanchard 162:Élisabeth Thible 68: 61: 57: 54: 48: 29: 28: 21: 12924: 12923: 12919: 12918: 12917: 12915: 12914: 12913: 12889: 12888: 12840: 12796: 12794:Further reading 12791: 12783: 12781: 12764: 12762: 12741: 12739: 12718: 12716: 12695: 12693: 12668: 12666: 12645: 12643: 12617: 12615: 12589: 12587: 12566: 12564: 12543: 12541: 12520: 12518: 12508: 12496: 12494: 12470: 12460: 12458: 12439: 12437: 12416: 12414: 12393: 12391: 12365: 12363: 12342: 12340: 12323: 12321: 12304: 12302: 12281: 12279: 12275: 12260: 12231: 12229: 12204: 12202: 12183: 12181: 12168: 12166: 12143: 12141: 12116: 12114: 12093: 12091: 12070: 12068: 12047: 12045: 12019: 12017: 11991: 11981: 11979: 11959: 11949: 11947: 11930: 11928: 11905: 11903: 11882: 11880: 11863: 11861: 11840: 11838: 11817: 11815: 11794: 11792: 11771: 11769: 11758:"Koh Chai Hong" 11748: 11746: 11725: 11723: 11700: 11698: 11675: 11673: 11654: 11652: 11631: 11629: 11589: 11579: 11577: 11558: 11556: 11534: 11524: 11522: 11503: 11501: 11480: 11478: 11457: 11455: 11425: 11413: 11411: 11394: 11392: 11375: 11373: 11352: 11350: 11327: 11325: 11321: 11310: 11298: 11296: 11293:Tadias Magazine 11279: 11277: 11252: 11250: 11225: 11223: 11171: 11170: 11164: 11162: 11145: 11143: 11122: 11120: 11099: 11097: 11074: 11072: 11051: 11049: 11026: 11024: 11003: 11001: 10980: 10978: 10961: 10959: 10936: 10934: 10913: 10911: 10890: 10888: 10867: 10865: 10842: 10813: 10811: 10785: 10783: 10738: 10714: 10704: 10702: 10684: 10657: 10655: 10627: 10608: 10528: 10526: 10504: 10502: 10480: 10459: 10411: 10375: 10373: 10353: 10328: 10309: 10284: 10256: 10246: 10244: 10228: 10205: 10203: 10192:"Elsie MacGill" 10181: 10179: 10157: 10136: 10109: 10107: 10085: 10083: 10057: 10055: 10031: 10029: 10005: 10003: 9981: 9958: 9956: 9930: 9928: 9903: 9902: 9890: 9882:. Los Angeles. 9871: 9844: 9842: 9838: 9823: 9809: 9807: 9800:Brown Girls Fly 9779: 9758: 9756: 9734: 9732: 9710: 9708: 9684: 9682: 9655: 9653: 9645:The Independent 9629: 9627: 9536: 9534: 9510: 9508: 9490: 9488: 9464: 9462: 9439: 9389: 9362: 9360: 9343: 9341: 9333:The Daily Beast 9317: 9315: 9293: 9291: 9273: 9252: 9223: 9200: 9175: 9173: 9153: 9126: 9124: 9104: 9102: 9078: 9076: 9052: 9050: 9028: 9026: 9004: 9002: 8982: 8961: 8938: 8936: 8918: 8916: 8885: 8884: 8878: 8876: 8856: 8842: 8840: 8818: 8816: 8792: 8790: 8766: 8764: 8721: 8717: 8708: 8706: 8693: 8682: 8652: 8651: 8639: 8620: 8597: 8570: 8541: 8539: 8524:"1929 Air Race" 8513: 8511: 8464: 8443: 8441: 8417: 8415: 8393: 8391: 8364: 8362: 8337: 8312: 8289: 8287: 8269: 8267: 8206: 8204: 8200: 8189: 8155: 8126: 8124: 8100: 8098: 8090:Al-Ahram Weekly 8076: 8053: 8051: 8029: 8027: 8009: 8007: 7985: 7983: 7961: 7959: 7939: 7918: 7916: 7901: 7872: 7870: 7801: 7799: 7777: 7775: 7750: 7737: 7735: 7713: 7711: 7689: 7687: 7665: 7663: 7643: 7622: 7620: 7563: 7536: 7534: 7510: 7508: 7482: 7480: 7471: 7463: 7461: 7452: 7435: 7408: 7406: 7389: 7387: 7369: 7367: 7345: 7343: 7321: 7319: 7295: 7293: 7273: 7271: 7228: 7226: 7198: 7177: 7175: 7150: 7125: 7092: 7068: 7055: 7053: 7029: 7027: 7001: 6999: 6977: 6975: 6971: 6960: 6939: 6912: 6910: 6888: 6886: 6866: 6843: 6841: 6819: 6817: 6795: 6793: 6767: 6765: 6743: 6741: 6723: 6721: 6698: 6689: 6688: 6679: 6678: 6666: 6645: 6640: 6632: 6628: 6620: 6616: 6608: 6604: 6596: 6592: 6584: 6580: 6572: 6568: 6559: 6557: 6554:FLYING Magazine 6548: 6547: 6543: 6535: 6531: 6523: 6519: 6511: 6507: 6499: 6495: 6487: 6483: 6475: 6471: 6463: 6459: 6451: 6447: 6443:, pp. 1–4. 6439: 6435: 6427: 6423: 6415: 6411: 6403: 6399: 6390: 6388: 6375: 6374: 6370: 6362: 6358: 6350: 6341: 6333: 6329: 6318: 6314: 6306: 6302: 6294: 6290: 6279: 6275: 6267: 6263: 6255: 6251: 6243: 6239: 6231: 6224: 6216: 6212: 6203: 6201: 6196: 6195: 6188: 6180: 6176: 6168: 6164: 6156: 6152: 6144: 6140: 6132: 6128: 6120: 6116: 6108: 6104: 6096: 6092: 6084: 6080: 6072: 6068: 6057: 6053: 6042: 6038: 6027: 6023: 6012: 6008: 6000: 5996: 5995: 5991: 5982: 5980: 5967: 5966: 5962: 5954: 5950: 5939: 5935: 5927: 5923: 5915: 5911: 5900: 5896: 5888: 5884: 5873: 5869: 5861: 5857: 5846: 5842: 5834: 5830: 5819: 5815: 5807: 5803: 5792: 5788: 5778: 5773: 5769: 5761: 5754: 5746: 5742: 5734: 5730: 5722: 5718: 5710: 5706: 5698: 5694: 5683: 5679: 5671: 5667: 5659: 5655: 5644: 5640: 5632: 5628: 5617: 5610: 5602: 5593: 5585: 5581: 5573: 5569: 5561: 5557: 5549: 5545: 5537: 5533: 5525: 5521: 5513: 5509: 5504: 5500: 5492: 5485: 5477: 5473: 5462: 5458: 5450: 5446: 5438: 5434: 5426: 5422: 5411: 5407: 5399: 5395: 5387: 5383: 5375: 5371: 5363: 5359: 5351: 5342: 5331: 5327: 5319: 5315: 5307: 5303: 5295: 5291: 5283: 5279: 5271: 5267: 5259: 5255: 5244: 5240: 5232: 5228: 5220: 5216: 5208: 5204: 5196: 5192: 5184: 5180: 5174:Weitekamp 2004a 5172: 5168: 5159: 5157: 5149: 5148: 5144: 5136:Tadias Magazine 5133: 5129: 5118: 5114: 5106: 5097: 5089: 5085: 5077: 5073: 5062: 5058: 5050: 5043: 5035: 5028: 5017: 5010: 5002: 4995: 4987: 4980: 4969: 4962: 4954: 4947: 4939: 4932: 4924: 4920: 4912: 4908: 4900: 4896: 4888: 4884: 4876: 4872: 4864: 4860: 4852: 4848: 4840: 4836: 4828: 4824: 4816: 4812: 4804: 4800: 4792: 4783: 4775: 4771: 4763: 4756: 4748: 4744: 4735: 4733: 4720: 4719: 4715: 4707: 4703: 4692: 4688: 4680: 4676: 4668: 4661: 4653: 4649: 4641: 4637: 4629: 4622: 4614: 4607: 4599: 4595: 4587: 4583: 4575: 4571: 4563: 4559: 4551: 4547: 4538: 4536: 4527: 4526: 4522: 4513: 4511: 4505:"ATA Personnel" 4503: 4502: 4498: 4490: 4486: 4478: 4474: 4466: 4462: 4454: 4450: 4442: 4435: 4427: 4423: 4415: 4408: 4400: 4389: 4381: 4377: 4369: 4365: 4352: 4351: 4347: 4339: 4335: 4326: 4324: 4315: 4314: 4310: 4302: 4295: 4286: 4284: 4278:"Bendix Trophy" 4276: 4275: 4268: 4260: 4256: 4248: 4244: 4232: 4228: 4217: 4213: 4205: 4201: 4193: 4189: 4181: 4177: 4169: 4165: 4157: 4153: 4145: 4141: 4133: 4129: 4121: 4117: 4109: 4105: 4097: 4093: 4085: 4081: 4073: 4069: 4063:Dall'Acqua 1986 4061: 4057: 4049: 4045: 4037: 4033: 4025: 4021: 4004: 4003: 3999: 3988: 3987: 3983: 3974: 3972: 3964: 3963: 3959: 3953:Strassmann 2008 3951: 3947: 3937: 3930: 3928: 3926: 3896: 3892: 3881: 3877: 3869: 3865: 3857: 3853: 3845: 3841: 3833: 3829: 3814: 3800: 3796: 3788: 3784: 3776: 3772: 3764: 3760: 3752: 3748: 3740: 3736: 3728: 3724: 3716: 3712: 3704: 3700: 3692: 3688: 3680: 3676: 3668: 3664: 3656: 3652: 3644: 3640: 3632: 3628: 3617: 3613: 3605: 3601: 3590: 3586: 3578: 3574: 3566: 3562: 3554: 3550: 3539: 3532: 3524: 3515: 3507: 3503: 3495: 3491: 3483: 3479: 3468: 3464: 3456: 3452: 3444: 3440: 3432: 3428: 3420: 3416: 3408: 3404: 3396: 3392: 3384: 3380: 3372: 3368: 3364:, pp. 4–5. 3360: 3356: 3348: 3344: 3336: 3332: 3324: 3320: 3312: 3308: 3300: 3296: 3288: 3284: 3276: 3272: 3264: 3260: 3252: 3248: 3240: 3236: 3227: 3225: 3216: 3215: 3211: 3198: 3194: 3186: 3182: 3174: 3170: 3159: 3152: 3144: 3140: 3132: 3128: 3120: 3116: 3108: 3104: 3096: 3089: 3081: 3077: 3069: 3065: 3057: 3053: 3045: 3041: 3030: 3026: 3017: 3015: 3007: 3006: 3002: 2994: 2990: 2979: 2975: 2964: 2960: 2949: 2942: 2934: 2925: 2917: 2908: 2900: 2896: 2888: 2884: 2876: 2872: 2864: 2855: 2847: 2838: 2827: 2823: 2815: 2808: 2800: 2796: 2788: 2784: 2780:, pp. 4–6. 2776: 2772: 2764: 2749: 2741: 2737: 2729: 2725: 2717: 2713: 2705: 2698: 2690: 2686: 2680:Dall'Acqua 1986 2678: 2674: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2653: 2621: 2612: 2603: 2594: 2589: 2580: 2571: 2496: 2488:Zara Rutherford 2383: 2333: 2290:Barbara Cassani 2286:United Airlines 2223:Kendra Williams 2171:Kelly J. Franke 2147:Royal Air Force 2128:Deanne Brasseur 2124:Latifa Nabizada 2045:Deanne Schulman 2025:Royal Air Force 1997:Olive Ann Beech 1959: 1945:(UPS) in 1994. 1771: 1579:United Airlines 1568: 1510: 1474:Earsley Barnett 1428: 1324: 1278:Engelandvaarder 1205:Phyllis Dunning 1203:In 1940, Major 1186:Frances Biadosz 1102: 792: 733:and was won by 727:Cleveland, Ohio 663: 645:Annie Langstaff 573: 498: 484:Rosina Ferrario 448:Royal Aero Club 392:, publisher of 380:p (Coupe Femina 370:flying circuses 324: 286:Wright Brothers 247:Léon Delagrange 243:Thérèse Peltier 173:Jeanne Labrosse 166:hot air balloon 147: 80:Shawna Kimbrell 69: 58: 52: 49: 43:Please help by 42: 30: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 12922: 12912: 12911: 12906: 12904:Women aviators 12901: 12887: 12886: 12872: 12858: 12844: 12839:978-1328876645 12838: 12825: 12811: 12795: 12792: 12790: 12789: 12770: 12747: 12724: 12701: 12678:"Women's Work" 12674: 12651: 12623: 12595: 12572: 12549: 12526: 12502: 12477: 12466:Newspapers.com 12445: 12422: 12399: 12371: 12348: 12329: 12310: 12287: 12254: 12252:: 70–72. 1962. 12242:The AOPA Pilot 12237: 12210: 12189: 12174: 12149: 12122: 12099: 12076: 12053: 12025: 11998: 11987:Newspapers.com 11966: 11955:Newspapers.com 11936: 11911: 11888: 11869: 11846: 11823: 11800: 11777: 11754: 11731: 11706: 11681: 11660: 11637: 11612: 11610:on 2008-05-14. 11596: 11585:Newspapers.com 11564: 11549:Kreol Magazine 11541: 11530:Newspapers.com 11509: 11486: 11463: 11440: 11419: 11400: 11381: 11358: 11333: 11304: 11285: 11258: 11231: 11204: 11202:on 2016-05-30. 11184: 11151: 11128: 11105: 11080: 11057: 11032: 11009: 10986: 10967: 10942: 10919: 10896: 10873: 10850: 10848:on 2016-12-02. 10840: 10819: 10791: 10776:""韩国空军祖母"是我师姐" 10771: 10742: 10736: 10721: 10710:Newspapers.com 10688: 10682: 10663: 10639: 10625: 10612: 10606: 10583: 10562: 10560:. p. 223. 10553: 10534: 10510: 10484: 10478: 10463: 10457: 10442: 10410:Book reviewd: 10392:(1): 105–107. 10381: 10357: 10351: 10332: 10326: 10313: 10307: 10288: 10282: 10263: 10241:Flair Magazine 10232: 10226: 10211: 10187: 10171:Times of India 10161: 10155: 10140: 10134: 10115: 10091: 10063: 10037: 10011: 9985: 9979: 9964: 9936: 9916: 9888: 9875: 9869: 9850: 9815: 9791: 9777: 9764: 9749:Early Aviators 9740: 9716: 9690: 9661: 9635: 9611: 9576: 9574:on 2016-03-03. 9557: 9542: 9516: 9496: 9470: 9443: 9437: 9422: 9393: 9387: 9368: 9349: 9323: 9299: 9277: 9271: 9256: 9250: 9235: 9221: 9204: 9198: 9181: 9157: 9151: 9132: 9110: 9084: 9058: 9034: 9010: 8986: 8980: 8965: 8959: 8944: 8924: 8898: 8863:(in Italian). 8848: 8833:Early Aviators 8824: 8798: 8772: 8752: 8751: 8750: 8686: 8680: 8665: 8637: 8631:. Atglen, PA. 8624: 8618: 8601: 8595: 8574: 8568: 8547: 8519: 8495: 8468: 8462: 8449: 8423: 8399: 8370: 8341: 8335: 8316: 8310: 8295: 8275: 8249: 8223:(4): 657–674. 8212: 8181: 8159: 8153: 8132: 8106: 8080: 8074: 8059: 8035: 8015: 7991: 7967: 7943: 7937: 7924: 7905: 7899: 7878: 7852: 7818:(1): 109–128. 7807: 7783: 7759: 7743: 7719: 7704:Oberlin Online 7695: 7671: 7647: 7641: 7628: 7604: 7578:(4): 298–299. 7572:Alabama Review 7567: 7561: 7542: 7516: 7490: 7489: 7488: 7469: 7439: 7433: 7414: 7395: 7375: 7351: 7327: 7301: 7284:"Women Pilots" 7279: 7255: 7234: 7210: 7196: 7183: 7154: 7148: 7129: 7123: 7104: 7090: 7077: 7061: 7035: 7007: 6983: 6964: 6958: 6943: 6937: 6918: 6894: 6870: 6864: 6849: 6825: 6801: 6773: 6749: 6729: 6705: 6690:|journal= 6664: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6638: 6626: 6614: 6602: 6590: 6578: 6566: 6541: 6529: 6517: 6505: 6493: 6481: 6469: 6457: 6445: 6433: 6421: 6419:, p. 308. 6409: 6397: 6368: 6356: 6339: 6327: 6312: 6300: 6288: 6273: 6261: 6249: 6237: 6222: 6210: 6186: 6182:Weitekamp 2004 6174: 6162: 6150: 6138: 6126: 6114: 6102: 6090: 6078: 6066: 6051: 6036: 6021: 6006: 5989: 5960: 5948: 5942:Kreol Magazine 5933: 5921: 5909: 5894: 5882: 5867: 5855: 5840: 5838:, p. 686. 5828: 5813: 5811:, p. 251. 5801: 5786: 5767: 5752: 5740: 5728: 5716: 5704: 5692: 5677: 5675:, p. 473. 5665: 5653: 5638: 5626: 5608: 5591: 5579: 5577:, p. 145. 5567: 5555: 5543: 5531: 5519: 5507: 5498: 5483: 5471: 5456: 5444: 5432: 5420: 5405: 5393: 5381: 5369: 5357: 5340: 5325: 5313: 5301: 5289: 5277: 5265: 5253: 5238: 5226: 5214: 5202: 5190: 5178: 5166: 5142: 5127: 5112: 5095: 5083: 5071: 5056: 5041: 5026: 5008: 4993: 4978: 4960: 4945: 4930: 4918: 4906: 4894: 4882: 4870: 4866:Weitekamp 2005 4858: 4856:, p. 168. 4846: 4834: 4822: 4820:, p. 133. 4810: 4808:, p. 131. 4798: 4781: 4769: 4754: 4742: 4713: 4701: 4686: 4674: 4659: 4647: 4635: 4620: 4605: 4593: 4581: 4579:, p. 233. 4569: 4557: 4545: 4520: 4496: 4484: 4482:, p. 108. 4472: 4460: 4456:Shetterly 2016 4448: 4446:, p. 135. 4433: 4421: 4406: 4387: 4375: 4363: 4345: 4333: 4308: 4293: 4266: 4254: 4252:, p. 198. 4250:Sofroniou 2013 4242: 4226: 4220:The AOPA Pilot 4211: 4199: 4187: 4175: 4163: 4151: 4139: 4127: 4115: 4103: 4091: 4079: 4067: 4055: 4043: 4041:, p. 282. 4031: 4019: 3997: 3981: 3957: 3945: 3924: 3890: 3875: 3863: 3851: 3839: 3827: 3812: 3794: 3782: 3770: 3758: 3746: 3734: 3722: 3710: 3706:Lufthansa 2013 3698: 3686: 3674: 3662: 3650: 3638: 3626: 3611: 3599: 3584: 3572: 3560: 3556:Welshimer 1930 3548: 3530: 3513: 3511:, p. 108. 3501: 3489: 3477: 3471:Winged Victory 3462: 3450: 3438: 3426: 3424:, p. 141. 3414: 3402: 3390: 3378: 3366: 3354: 3342: 3330: 3318: 3306: 3294: 3292:, p. 435. 3282: 3270: 3268:, p. 164. 3258: 3256:, p. 233. 3246: 3234: 3209: 3192: 3190:, p. 226. 3180: 3168: 3150: 3138: 3126: 3114: 3102: 3087: 3075: 3063: 3061:, p. 277. 3051: 3049:, p. 120. 3039: 3024: 3000: 2996:Gabrielli 2003 2988: 2973: 2958: 2940: 2923: 2906: 2894: 2882: 2870: 2853: 2836: 2821: 2817:Remington 2006 2806: 2804:, p. 188. 2794: 2782: 2770: 2747: 2745:, p. 179. 2735: 2723: 2711: 2696: 2684: 2672: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2648: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2620: 2617: 2611: 2608: 2602: 2599: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2585: 2579: 2576: 2570: 2567: 2495: 2492: 2382: 2379: 2372:– 1931 to 2019 2360:– 1914 to 1976 2343:– 1875 to 1912 2341:Harriet Quimby 2332: 2329: 2231:Caroline Aigle 2185:detachment in 2017:Yichida Ndlovu 2003:from the U.S. 1958: 1955: 1927:Patrice Clarke 1880:Beverley Drake 1770: 1767: 1715:circumnavigate 1711:Geraldine Mock 1624:Frankie O'Kane 1592:Girl on a Wing 1567: 1564: 1427: 1424: 1420:Wendy Yawching 1348:Corpus Christi 1346:of PBY at NAS 1282:Margot Duhalde 1219:Margot Duhalde 1110:Marina Raskova 1101: 1098: 960:Hazel Ying Lee 926:Marina Raskova 903:Amelia Earhart 791: 788: 755:Eileen Vollick 739:Marie Marvingt 667:Eileen Vollick 662: 659: 639:was the first 637:Bessie Coleman 572: 569: 410:Harriet Quimby 390:Pierre Lafitte 374:Bessica Raiche 354:Hélène Dutrieu 344:Marie Marvingt 331:Hélène Dutrieu 323: 320: 278:Orville Wright 239:Ghent, Belgium 192:Aida de Acosta 190:In June 1903, 154:Aida de Acosta 146: 143: 71: 70: 53:September 2024 33: 31: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12921: 12910: 12907: 12905: 12902: 12900: 12897: 12896: 12894: 12885: 12881: 12877: 12873: 12871: 12870:0-7006-1145-2 12867: 12863: 12859: 12857: 12853: 12849: 12845: 12841: 12835: 12831: 12826: 12824: 12820: 12816: 12812: 12810: 12809:0-16-004587-8 12806: 12802: 12798: 12797: 12780:on 2015-05-07 12779: 12775: 12771: 12761:on 2016-06-25 12760: 12756: 12752: 12748: 12738:on 2013-11-09 12737: 12733: 12729: 12725: 12715:on 2016-10-17 12714: 12710: 12706: 12702: 12692:on 2016-03-19 12691: 12687: 12683: 12679: 12675: 12665:on 2016-05-20 12664: 12660: 12656: 12652: 12642: 12638: 12634: 12633: 12628: 12624: 12614: 12610: 12606: 12605: 12600: 12596: 12586:on 2016-10-11 12585: 12581: 12577: 12573: 12563:on 2016-06-24 12562: 12558: 12554: 12550: 12540:on 2016-11-04 12539: 12535: 12531: 12527: 12516: 12515: 12507: 12503: 12493:on 2014-02-22 12492: 12488: 12487: 12482: 12478: 12474: 12467: 12456: 12455: 12450: 12446: 12436:on 2016-12-29 12435: 12431: 12427: 12423: 12413:on 2016-11-18 12412: 12408: 12404: 12400: 12390: 12386: 12382: 12381: 12376: 12372: 12362:on 2016-07-19 12361: 12357: 12353: 12349: 12339:on 2012-09-12 12338: 12334: 12330: 12319: 12315: 12311: 12301:on 2016-09-16 12300: 12296: 12292: 12288: 12278:on 2016-12-20 12274: 12270: 12266: 12259: 12255: 12251: 12247: 12243: 12238: 12228:on 2020-01-08 12227: 12223: 12219: 12215: 12211: 12200: 12199: 12194: 12190: 12179: 12175: 12165:on 2016-06-10 12164: 12160: 12159: 12154: 12150: 12140:on 2015-12-23 12139: 12135: 12131: 12127: 12123: 12113:on 2016-07-21 12112: 12108: 12107:Postal Museum 12104: 12100: 12090:on 2016-07-21 12089: 12085: 12084:Postal Museum 12081: 12077: 12067:on 2016-11-30 12066: 12062: 12058: 12054: 12044: 12040: 12036: 12035: 12030: 12029:"Navy Honors" 12026: 12016:on 2016-08-03 12015: 12011: 12007: 12003: 11999: 11995: 11988: 11977: 11976: 11971: 11967: 11963: 11956: 11945: 11941: 11937: 11927:on 2016-03-04 11926: 11922: 11921: 11916: 11912: 11902:on 2016-12-14 11901: 11897: 11893: 11889: 11879:on 2016-12-05 11878: 11874: 11870: 11860:on 2015-12-08 11859: 11855: 11851: 11847: 11837:on 2016-03-06 11836: 11832: 11828: 11824: 11814:on 2013-08-30 11813: 11809: 11805: 11801: 11791:on 2016-12-20 11790: 11786: 11782: 11778: 11768:on 2016-03-05 11767: 11763: 11759: 11755: 11745:on 2016-04-29 11744: 11740: 11736: 11732: 11722:on 2014-09-29 11721: 11717: 11716: 11711: 11707: 11697:on 2016-03-11 11696: 11692: 11691: 11686: 11682: 11671: 11670: 11665: 11661: 11651:on 2013-04-11 11650: 11646: 11642: 11638: 11628:on 2016-03-31 11627: 11623: 11622: 11617: 11613: 11609: 11605: 11601: 11597: 11593: 11586: 11575: 11574: 11569: 11565: 11555:on 2016-04-04 11554: 11550: 11546: 11542: 11538: 11531: 11520: 11519: 11514: 11510: 11499: 11495: 11491: 11487: 11477:on 2016-03-04 11476: 11472: 11468: 11464: 11454:on 2016-03-25 11453: 11449: 11445: 11441: 11437: 11433: 11432: 11424: 11420: 11409: 11405: 11401: 11391:on 2016-12-01 11390: 11386: 11382: 11372:on 2016-02-08 11371: 11367: 11363: 11359: 11349:on 2016-12-18 11348: 11344: 11343: 11338: 11334: 11324:on 2016-08-09 11320: 11316: 11309: 11305: 11294: 11290: 11286: 11276:on 2016-08-06 11275: 11271: 11267: 11263: 11259: 11249:on 2016-11-30 11248: 11244: 11240: 11236: 11232: 11222:on 2016-12-26 11221: 11217: 11213: 11209: 11205: 11201: 11197: 11193: 11189: 11185: 11181: 11175: 11160: 11156: 11152: 11142:on 2016-07-30 11141: 11137: 11133: 11129: 11119:on 2016-09-19 11118: 11114: 11110: 11106: 11096:on 2016-12-29 11095: 11091: 11090: 11085: 11081: 11071:on 2011-09-08 11070: 11066: 11062: 11058: 11048:on 2016-12-26 11047: 11043: 11042: 11037: 11033: 11023:on 2016-04-29 11022: 11018: 11014: 11010: 11000:on 2016-06-01 10999: 10995: 10994:Air and Space 10991: 10987: 10977:on 2014-10-06 10976: 10972: 10968: 10958:on 2015-12-24 10957: 10953: 10952: 10947: 10943: 10933:on 2016-12-23 10932: 10928: 10924: 10920: 10910:on 2016-04-10 10909: 10905: 10901: 10897: 10887:on 2016-11-30 10886: 10882: 10878: 10874: 10864:on 2016-12-21 10863: 10859: 10855: 10851: 10847: 10843: 10841:5-203-00540-0 10837: 10833: 10829: 10825: 10820: 10810:on 2013-09-25 10809: 10805: 10801: 10797: 10792: 10782:on 2008-05-13 10781: 10777: 10772: 10768: 10764: 10760: 10756: 10752: 10748: 10743: 10739: 10733: 10729: 10728: 10722: 10718: 10711: 10700: 10699: 10694: 10689: 10685: 10679: 10675: 10671: 10670: 10664: 10654:on 2015-04-29 10653: 10649: 10645: 10640: 10636: 10632: 10628: 10626:0-8018-7994-9 10622: 10618: 10613: 10609: 10603: 10599: 10595: 10591: 10590: 10584: 10580: 10576: 10572: 10568: 10563: 10559: 10554: 10550: 10546: 10542: 10541: 10535: 10525:on 2016-02-08 10524: 10520: 10519:Daily Express 10516: 10511: 10501:on 2016-04-10 10500: 10496: 10495: 10490: 10485: 10481: 10475: 10471: 10470: 10464: 10460: 10458:9781851099696 10454: 10450: 10449: 10443: 10440: 10436: 10432: 10428: 10424: 10420: 10415: 10407: 10403: 10399: 10395: 10391: 10387: 10382: 10372:on 2016-12-28 10371: 10367: 10363: 10358: 10354: 10348: 10344: 10340: 10339: 10333: 10329: 10327:9781845454166 10323: 10319: 10314: 10310: 10304: 10300: 10296: 10295: 10289: 10285: 10279: 10275: 10271: 10270: 10264: 10260: 10253: 10242: 10238: 10233: 10229: 10223: 10219: 10218: 10212: 10202:on 2016-12-16 10201: 10197: 10193: 10188: 10178:on 2015-07-13 10177: 10173: 10172: 10167: 10162: 10158: 10152: 10148: 10147: 10141: 10137: 10131: 10127: 10126:HarperCollins 10123: 10122: 10116: 10106:on 2016-11-12 10105: 10101: 10097: 10092: 10082:on 2016-03-10 10081: 10077: 10073: 10069: 10064: 10054:on 2016-11-11 10053: 10049: 10048: 10043: 10038: 10028:on 2015-06-12 10027: 10023: 10022: 10017: 10012: 10002:on 2016-03-07 10001: 9997: 9996: 9991: 9986: 9982: 9976: 9972: 9971: 9965: 9955:on 2016-12-28 9954: 9950: 9946: 9942: 9937: 9927:on 2013-05-22 9926: 9922: 9917: 9913: 9907: 9899: 9895: 9891: 9885: 9881: 9876: 9872: 9870:0-253-11169-2 9866: 9862: 9858: 9857: 9851: 9841:on 2016-12-21 9837: 9833: 9829: 9821: 9816: 9806:on 2016-05-08 9805: 9801: 9797: 9792: 9788: 9784: 9780: 9774: 9770: 9765: 9755:on 2016-03-03 9754: 9750: 9746: 9741: 9731:on 2014-04-13 9730: 9726: 9722: 9717: 9707:on 2016-03-04 9706: 9702: 9701: 9696: 9691: 9681: 9677: 9673: 9672: 9667: 9662: 9652:on 2016-12-20 9651: 9647: 9646: 9641: 9636: 9626:on 2016-02-14 9625: 9621: 9617: 9612: 9608: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9590: 9586: 9582: 9577: 9573: 9569: 9568: 9563: 9558: 9554: 9549: 9543: 9533:on 2014-02-04 9532: 9528: 9527: 9522: 9517: 9506: 9502: 9497: 9487:on 2016-05-10 9486: 9482: 9481: 9476: 9471: 9461: 9457: 9453: 9449: 9446:OECD (2015). 9444: 9440: 9434: 9430: 9429: 9423: 9419: 9415: 9411: 9407: 9403: 9399: 9394: 9390: 9384: 9380: 9376: 9375: 9369: 9359: 9358:The Telegraph 9355: 9350: 9340:on 2016-12-22 9339: 9335: 9334: 9329: 9324: 9314:on 2016-04-02 9313: 9309: 9305: 9300: 9289: 9288: 9283: 9278: 9274: 9268: 9264: 9263: 9257: 9253: 9247: 9243: 9242: 9236: 9232: 9228: 9224: 9222:0-7368-0310-6 9218: 9213: 9212: 9205: 9201: 9195: 9190: 9189: 9182: 9172:on 2013-12-27 9171: 9167: 9166:Kaieteur News 9163: 9158: 9154: 9148: 9144: 9140: 9139: 9133: 9122: 9121: 9116: 9111: 9101:on 2016-06-20 9100: 9096: 9095: 9090: 9085: 9075:on 2016-12-22 9074: 9070: 9069: 9064: 9059: 9049:on 2016-05-16 9048: 9044: 9040: 9035: 9025:on 2016-05-10 9024: 9020: 9016: 9011: 9001:on 2016-12-19 9000: 8996: 8992: 8987: 8983: 8977: 8973: 8972: 8966: 8962: 8956: 8952: 8951: 8945: 8935:on 2016-08-07 8934: 8930: 8925: 8915:on 2016-09-16 8914: 8910: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8895: 8889: 8874: 8870: 8866: 8862: 8854: 8849: 8839:on 2012-09-27 8838: 8834: 8830: 8825: 8815:on 2013-11-04 8814: 8810: 8809: 8804: 8799: 8789:on 2017-08-29 8788: 8784: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8763:on 2016-03-04 8762: 8758: 8753: 8747: 8743: 8739: 8735: 8731: 8727: 8720: 8715: 8714: 8704: 8699: 8692: 8687: 8683: 8677: 8673: 8672: 8666: 8662: 8656: 8648: 8644: 8640: 8634: 8630: 8625: 8621: 8615: 8611: 8607: 8602: 8598: 8592: 8588: 8584: 8580: 8575: 8571: 8565: 8561: 8556: 8555: 8548: 8538:on 2016-11-16 8537: 8533: 8529: 8525: 8520: 8510:on 2007-09-30 8509: 8505: 8504:Chosun Online 8501: 8496: 8491: 8486: 8482: 8478: 8474: 8469: 8465: 8463:1-84037-412-8 8459: 8455: 8450: 8440:on 2016-12-19 8439: 8435: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8414:on 2016-12-20 8413: 8409: 8405: 8400: 8390: 8386: 8382: 8381: 8376: 8371: 8361: 8357: 8353: 8352: 8347: 8342: 8338: 8332: 8328: 8324: 8323: 8317: 8313: 8307: 8303: 8302: 8296: 8285: 8281: 8276: 8265: 8261: 8260: 8255: 8250: 8246: 8242: 8238: 8234: 8230: 8226: 8222: 8218: 8213: 8203:on 2016-12-02 8199: 8195: 8187: 8182: 8178: 8174: 8170: 8166: 8160: 8156: 8154:9780309056762 8150: 8146: 8141: 8140: 8133: 8123:on 2016-05-02 8122: 8118: 8117: 8112: 8107: 8097:on 2016-12-16 8096: 8092: 8091: 8086: 8081: 8077: 8071: 8067: 8066: 8060: 8050:on 2016-12-26 8049: 8045: 8041: 8036: 8025: 8021: 8016: 8006:on 2016-03-04 8005: 8001: 8000:Kaieteur News 7997: 7992: 7982:on 2016-05-06 7981: 7977: 7973: 7968: 7958:on 2016-12-26 7957: 7953: 7949: 7944: 7940: 7938:1-85780-105-9 7934: 7930: 7925: 7915: 7911: 7906: 7902: 7896: 7892: 7887: 7886: 7879: 7869:on 2014-02-01 7868: 7864: 7863: 7858: 7853: 7849: 7845: 7841: 7837: 7833: 7829: 7825: 7821: 7817: 7813: 7808: 7798:on 2015-04-02 7797: 7793: 7789: 7784: 7774:on 2016-06-23 7773: 7769: 7765: 7760: 7756: 7749: 7744: 7734:on 2016-12-26 7733: 7729: 7725: 7720: 7710:on 2016-07-29 7709: 7705: 7701: 7696: 7686:on 2016-04-21 7685: 7681: 7677: 7672: 7662:on 2016-12-18 7661: 7657: 7653: 7648: 7644: 7638: 7634: 7629: 7619:on 2016-06-25 7618: 7614: 7610: 7605: 7601: 7597: 7593: 7589: 7585: 7581: 7577: 7573: 7568: 7564: 7562:0-8131-9073-8 7558: 7554: 7550: 7549: 7543: 7533:on 2016-10-10 7532: 7528: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7506: 7502: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7478: 7474: 7470: 7459: 7455: 7451: 7450: 7447: 7446: 7440: 7436: 7434:0-393-05767-4 7430: 7426: 7422: 7421: 7415: 7405: 7401: 7396: 7386:on 2016-12-19 7385: 7381: 7376: 7366:on 2016-06-01 7365: 7361: 7357: 7352: 7342:on 2016-06-01 7341: 7337: 7333: 7328: 7317: 7313: 7312: 7307: 7302: 7291: 7290: 7285: 7280: 7270:on 2016-05-21 7269: 7265: 7261: 7256: 7252: 7248: 7244: 7240: 7235: 7225:on 2016-05-13 7224: 7220: 7216: 7211: 7207: 7203: 7199: 7197:0-936389-49-4 7193: 7189: 7184: 7174: 7170: 7166: 7165: 7160: 7155: 7151: 7145: 7141: 7137: 7136: 7130: 7126: 7120: 7116: 7115:Penguin Group 7112: 7111: 7105: 7101: 7097: 7093: 7091:0-8093-2325-7 7087: 7083: 7078: 7074: 7067: 7062: 7052:on 2016-12-29 7051: 7047: 7046: 7041: 7036: 7026:on 2016-03-04 7025: 7021: 7017: 7013: 7008: 6998:on 2016-03-07 6997: 6993: 6989: 6984: 6970: 6965: 6961: 6955: 6951: 6950: 6944: 6940: 6938:1-58544-257-7 6934: 6930: 6926: 6925: 6919: 6909:on 2016-05-11 6908: 6904: 6900: 6895: 6885:on 2016-08-26 6884: 6880: 6876: 6871: 6867: 6861: 6857: 6856: 6850: 6840:on 2016-12-26 6839: 6835: 6831: 6826: 6816:on 2016-09-13 6815: 6811: 6807: 6802: 6792:on 2016-12-18 6791: 6787: 6783: 6779: 6774: 6764:on 2016-10-17 6763: 6759: 6755: 6750: 6739: 6735: 6730: 6720:on 2015-04-23 6719: 6715: 6711: 6706: 6702: 6695: 6683: 6675: 6671: 6667: 6665:0-375-50744-2 6661: 6656: 6655: 6648: 6647: 6635: 6630: 6623: 6618: 6611: 6606: 6599: 6594: 6587: 6582: 6575: 6570: 6555: 6551: 6545: 6538: 6533: 6526: 6521: 6514: 6509: 6502: 6497: 6490: 6485: 6478: 6477:Williams 2019 6473: 6466: 6461: 6454: 6449: 6442: 6437: 6431:, p. 49. 6430: 6425: 6418: 6413: 6406: 6401: 6386: 6382: 6378: 6372: 6365: 6360: 6353: 6348: 6346: 6344: 6336: 6331: 6324: 6322: 6316: 6309: 6304: 6297: 6292: 6285: 6283: 6277: 6270: 6265: 6258: 6253: 6246: 6241: 6234: 6229: 6227: 6219: 6214: 6199: 6193: 6191: 6183: 6178: 6171: 6166: 6159: 6154: 6147: 6142: 6135: 6130: 6123: 6118: 6111: 6106: 6099: 6094: 6087: 6082: 6075: 6070: 6064:, p. 19. 6063: 6061: 6055: 6049:, p. 44. 6048: 6046: 6040: 6034:, p. 35. 6033: 6031: 6025: 6019:, p. 44. 6018: 6016: 6010: 5999: 5993: 5979:. Spring 2000 5978: 5974: 5970: 5964: 5957: 5952: 5945: 5943: 5937: 5930: 5925: 5918: 5913: 5906: 5904: 5898: 5891: 5886: 5879: 5877: 5871: 5864: 5859: 5852: 5850: 5844: 5837: 5832: 5825: 5823: 5817: 5810: 5805: 5799:, p. 34. 5798: 5796: 5790: 5782: 5776: 5771: 5764: 5759: 5757: 5749: 5744: 5737: 5732: 5725: 5720: 5713: 5708: 5701: 5696: 5689: 5687: 5681: 5674: 5669: 5662: 5657: 5650: 5648: 5642: 5635: 5630: 5623: 5621: 5615: 5613: 5606:, p. 12. 5605: 5600: 5598: 5596: 5588: 5583: 5576: 5571: 5564: 5563:Saathoff 2013 5559: 5552: 5547: 5540: 5535: 5528: 5523: 5516: 5511: 5502: 5496:, p. 14. 5495: 5490: 5488: 5480: 5475: 5468: 5466: 5460: 5453: 5448: 5441: 5436: 5429: 5428:Grainger 2013 5424: 5417: 5415: 5409: 5402: 5397: 5390: 5385: 5378: 5373: 5366: 5361: 5354: 5349: 5347: 5345: 5338:, p. 15. 5337: 5335: 5329: 5322: 5317: 5310: 5309:Charlton 1973 5305: 5298: 5297:Anderson 2002 5293: 5287:, p. 16. 5286: 5281: 5275:, p. 55. 5274: 5269: 5262: 5257: 5250: 5248: 5242: 5235: 5230: 5223: 5218: 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