971:
304:
817:
1503:
837:
1449:"Acknowledged communities": These communities live a traditional Christian life, including the taking of vows, but the traditional vows are adapted or changed. In many cases these communities admit both single and married persons as members, requiring celibacy on the part of those who are single, and unfailing commitment to their spouse on the part of married members. They also amend the vow of poverty, allowing personal possessions, but requiring high standards of tithing to the community and the wider church. These communities often have residential elements, but not full residential community life, as this would be incompatible with some elements of married family life.
802:
504:, for example) observe "papal enclosure" rules, and their nunneries typically have walls separating the nuns from the outside world. The nuns rarely leave (except for medical necessity or occasionally for purposes related to their contemplative life) though they may receive visitors in specially built parlors, often with either a grille or half-wall separating the nuns from visitors. They are usually self-sufficient, earning money by selling jams, candies or baked goods by mail order, or by making liturgical items (such as vestments, candles, or hosts to be consecrated at Mass for Holy Communion).
138:
863:, and no aristocrats. Religious orders were founded by entrepreneurial women who saw a need and an opportunity, and were staffed by devout women from poor families. The numbers grew rapidly, from 900 sisters in 15 communities in 1840, 50,000 in 170 orders in 1900, and 135,000 in 300 different orders by 1930. Starting in 1820, the sisters always outnumbered the priests and brothers. Their numbers peaked in 1965 at 180,000 then plunged to 56,000 in 2010. Many women left their orders, and few new members were added. Since the
5503:
296:
4875:
1278:
1172:
50:
118:
8327:
472:
265:
1334:
1973:
953:
8316:
6244:
5268:
1203:
147:
487:
1155:
4247:
158:
1253:
formed religious communities, with community living, and the option of life vows in religion. The modern movement reached a zenith about 1910, then slowly declined as secularization undercut religiosity in Europe, and the professionalization of nursing and social work offered better career opportunities for young women. A small movement still exists, and its legacy is seen in the names of numerous hospitals.
1446:"Dispersed communities": These are orders or communities whose members, whilst taking vows (including celibacy), do not live together in community. In most cases the members are self-supporting and live alone, but follow the same Rule of life, and meet together frequently in assemblies often known as 'Chapter meetings'. In some cases some members may share a common life in very small groups of two or three.
127:
1326:
1265:). This has allowed for communities of nuns (or, in some cases, mixed communities of nuns and monks) to be re-established in some Protestant traditions. Many of these are within the episcopal Lutheran tradition and the closeness of Lutheranism with Anglicanism in its belief and practice has led to local arrangements of inter-Communion between the two traditions, such as the
468:. These are known as the 'evangelical counsels' as opposed to 'monastic vows' proper. Most orders of nuns not listed here follow one of these two patterns, with some Orders taking an additional vow related to the specific work or character of their Order (for example, to undertake a certain style of devotion, praying for a specific intention or purpose).
285:
1104:" of which there is only one style for Orthodox monastics (this is true in general, there have been a few slight regional variations over the centuries, but the style always seems to precipitate back to a style common in the 3rd or 4th century). If a novice chooses to leave during the novitiate period no penalty is incurred.
557:, taking the traditional religious vows, and the secular canoness, who did not take vows and thus remained free to own property and leave to marry, should they choose. This was primarily a way of leading a pious life for the women of aristocratic families and generally disappeared in the modern age, except for the modern
923:
official vows. As she lives in the convent she is closely monitored by the other women in the community to determine if her vocation is genuine. This would be officially determined by a vote from the choir nuns. If the aspiring nun passes the scrutiny of the women of the religious community, she then can make her
990:, and other languages of primarily Christian Orthodox nations, both domiciles are called "monasteries" and the ascetics who live therein are "monastics". In English, however, it is acceptable to use the terms "nun" and "convent" for clarity and convenience. The term for an abbess is the feminine form of abbot (
1252:
office for women began in
Germany in the 1840s and spread through Scandinavia, Britain and the United States, with some elements of the religious life, such as simple vows, and a daily obligation of prayer. Lutherans were especially active, and within both Lutheranism and Anglicanism some Deaconesses
914:
to ensure that monasteries abided by the decrees of the
Council of Trent. This changed the way in which nuns would live. One edict of the Council of Trent was that female monasteries be enclosed in order to limit nuns' relationship with the secular world. Enclosure of monasteries during this time was
1799:
only with great reluctance, predicting that the move would lead to
Buddhism's collapse after 500 years, rather than the 1,000 years it would have enjoyed otherwise. (This prophecy occurs only once in the Canon and is the only prophecy involving time in the Canon, leading some to suspect that it is a
568:
if the house is an abbey, a prioress if it is a monastery, or more generically may be referred to as "Mother
Superior" and styled "Reverend Mother". The distinction between abbey and monastery has to do with the terms used by a particular order or by the level of independence of the religious house.
1956:
in 747 was established by the consort of the
Emperor. It took charge of provincial convents, performed ceremonies for the protection of the state, and became the site of pilgrimages. Aristocratic Japanese women often became Buddhist nuns in the premodern period. Originally it was thought they could
918:
To be considered as a nun, one must have the economic means to afford the convent dowry. During this time convent dowries were affordable, compared to secular marriages between a man and a woman. Typically during early modern Spain many nuns were from elite families who had the means to afford the
3275:
St. Brigid's oblate group has grown to 16 members since the dedication of the monastery on St. Brigid's feast in 2000. Besides Stamps, it counts another 13 United
Methodists, one Catholic and one Disciples of Christ member. The ages of group members range from 23 to 82. One-third of them are men;
1925:
bhikkhuni) lineage, having been lost, in India and Tibet, for centuries. Gelongma ordination requires the presence of ten fully ordained people keeping exactly the same vows. Because ten nuns are required to ordain a new one, the effort to establish the
Dharmaguptaka bhikkhu tradition has taken a
1888:
All my informants in the areas of Taipei and
Sanhsia considered nuns at least as respectable as monks, or even more so. In contrast, however, Shiu-kuen Tsung found in Taipei county that female clergy were viewed with some suspicion by society. She reports that while outsiders did not necessarily
922:
Once an aspiring nun has entered the convent and has the economic means to afford the dowry, she undergoes the process of apprenticeship known as the novitiate period. The novitiate period typically lasts 1ā2 years, and during this time the aspiring nun lives the life of a nun without taking the
881:
Nuns have played an important role in Canada, especially in heavily
Catholic Quebec. Outside the home, Canadian women had few domains which they controlled. An important exception came with Catholic nuns, especially in QuƩbec. Stimulated by the influence in France, the popular religiosity of the
1410:
Whilst there is no single central authority for all religious orders, and many member churches of the
Anglican Communion have their own internal structures for recognising and regulating religious orders, some central functions are performed by the Anglican Religious Communities Department at
3058:
The monastery is mentioned for the first time in 1197. It belongs to the group of so-called LĆ¼neklƶstern (monasteries of LĆ¼ne), which became Lutheran convents following the Protestant Reformation. It is currently one of several Lutheran convents maintained by the Monastic Chamber of Hanover
1897:
tradition has a history of more female participation, and that the economic growth and loosening of family restriction have allowed more women to become nuns. Based on studies of the Luminary order, Cheng concluded that the monastic order in Taiwan was still young and gave nuns more room for
1122:) to wear, and (because she is now dead to the world) receives a new name. Nuns consider themselves part of a sisterhood; however, tonsured nuns are usually addressed as "Mother" (in some convents, the title of "Mother" is reserved to those who enter into the next level of Stavrophore).
1456:
In the United States (only), there is a clear distinction between "orders" and "communities", as the Episcopal Church has its own two-fold definition of "religious orders" (equivalent to the first two groups above) and "Christian communities" (equivalent to the third group above). The
736:
invasions of other Catholic countries, depriving thousands of religious of the income that their communities held because of inheritances and forcing them to find a new way of living the religious life. But members of these new associations were not recognized as "religious" until
1067:
In general, Orthodox monastics have little or no contact with the outside world, especially family. The pious family whose child decides to enter the monastic profession understands that their child will become "dead to the world" and therefore be unavailable for social visits.
1883:
The relatively active roles of Taiwanese nuns were noted by some studies. Researcher Charles Brewer Jones estimates that from 1951 to 1999, when the Buddhist Association of the ROC organized public ordination, female applicants outnumbered males by about three to one. He adds:
915:
associated with chastity. Another decree issued by the Council of Trent was that religious devotion be "true and voluntary". A male clergy member would ask the aspiring nuns if whether or not their vocation was "true and voluntary" in order to ensure no enforced conversion.
1452:"Other communities": This group contains communities that are ecumenical (including Anglicans) or that belong to non-Anglican churches that have entered into relationships of full communion with the Anglican Church (particularly, but not only, certain Lutheran churches).
1146:" is reached by nuns whose Abbess feels they have reached a high level of excellence. In some monastic traditions the Great Schema is only given to monks and nuns on their death bed, while in others they may be elevated after as little as 25 years of service.
1018:). Orthodox monastics do not have distinct "orders" as in Western Christianity. Orthodox monks and nuns lead identical spiritual lives. There may be slight differences in the way a monastery functions internally but these are simply differences in style (Gr.
858:
Nuns and sisters played a major role in American religion, education, nursing and social work since the early 19th century. In Catholic Europe, convents were heavily endowed over the centuries, and were sponsored by the aristocracy. There were very few rich
2450:"Illud solum votum debere dici solemne ... quod solemnizatum fuerit per suceptionem S. Ordinis aut per professionem expressam vel tacitam factam alicui de religionibus per Sedem Apostolicam approbatis" (C. unic. de voto, tit. 15, lib. III in 6, quoted in
1383:
The structure and function of religious orders in Anglicanism roughly parallels that which exists in Catholicism. Religious communities are divided into orders proper, in which members take solemn vows and congregations, whose members take simple vows.
816:
1940:
The ordination of monks and nuns in Tibetan Buddhism distinguishes three stages: rabjung-ma, getshĆ¼l-ma and gelong-ma. The clothes of the nuns in Tibet are basically the same as those of monks, but there are differences between novice and
1256:
The example of the Deaconess communities eventually led to the establishment of religious communities of monks and nuns within some Protestant traditions, particularly those influenced by the more liturgical Protestant reformers (such as
767:
The new legal code of the Catholic Church which was adopted in 1983, however, remained silent on this matter. Whereas previously the code distinguished between orders and congregations, the code now refers simply to religious institutes.
919:
convent dowry and "maintenance allowances", which were annual fees. Monasteries were economically supported through convent dowries. Convent dowries could be waived if the aspiring nun had an artistic ability benefiting the monastery.
4473:
2572:""Cor Orans" ā Implementing Instruction of the Apostolic Constitution "Vultum Dei quaerere" on women's contemplative life, of the Congregation for the Institutes of Consecrated Life and the Societies of Apostolic Life (1 April 2018)"
507:
They often undertake contemplative ministries ā that is, a community of nuns is often associated with prayer for some particular good or supporting the missions of another order by prayer (for instance, the Dominican nuns of
3059:(Klosterkammer Hannover), an institution of the former Kingdom of Hanover founded by its Prince-Regent, later King George IV of the United Kingdom, in 1818, in order to manage and preserve the estates of Lutheran convents.
1443:"Traditional celibate religious orders and communities": Members take a vow of celibacy (amongst other vows) and follow a common Rule of life. They may be enclosed and contemplative or open and engaged in apostolic works.
528:
sisters, some in mission locations, who pray for the work of the priests, brothers, and other sisters of their congregation, and since Vatican II have added retreat work and spiritual guidance to their apostolate; the
364:
who performed upkeep of the monastery or errands outside the cloister. This last task is still often entrusted to women, called "externs", who live in the monastery, but outside the enclosure. They were usually either
5876:
592:
and a veil, the most significant and ancient aspect of the habit. Some orders ā such as the Dominicans ā wear a large rosary on their belt. Benedictine abbesses wear a cross or crucifix on a chain around their neck.
1391:
in Anglicanism in the early 19th century came interest in the revival of "religious life" in England. Between 1841 and 1855, several religious orders for nuns were founded, among them the Community of St. Mary at
5451:
577:" is often used by The Benedictine family to speak of the buildings and "convent" when referring to the community. Neither is gender specific. 'Convent' is often used of the houses of certain other institutes.
4483:
1132:. Once again, in a formal service the nun is elevated to the "Little Schema" which is signified by additions to her habit of certain symbolic articles of clothing. In addition, the abbess increases the nun's
4664:
4206:
6079:
4433:
2236:
1361:). Monasteries and convents were deprived of their lands and possessions, and monastics were forced to either live a secular life on a pension or flee the country. Many Catholic nuns went to France.
3734:
Williams, Maria Patricia (2015). "Mobilising Mother Cabrini's educational practice: the transnational context of the London school of the Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus 1898ā1911".
712:
rejected this class of congregation, but they continued to exist and even increased in number. After at first being merely tolerated, they afterwards obtained approval. Finally in the 20th century,
653:, founded in the 13th century, combined a life of prayer and dedication to God with active works of preaching, hearing confessions, and service to the poor, and members of these orders are known as
752:) for religious women who took solemn vows or who, while being allowed in some places to take simple vows, belonged to institutes whose vows were normally solemn. It used the word "sister" (Latin:
2550:
4613:
4448:
4659:
2579:
413:
last one to three years, typically, and will be professed for not less than three years and not more than six. Finally, she will petition to make her "perpetual profession", taking permanent,
553:, usually following the Rule of St. Augustine. The origin and rules of monastic life are common to both. As with the canons, differences in the observance of rule gave rise to two types: the
5989:
4538:
4393:
7003:
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3398:
4443:
4388:
801:
4669:
4593:
4403:
4236:
1907:
6131:
2600:
4588:
4528:
4503:
4428:
1461:
directory affirms this, stating "This distinction in not used in other parts of the Anglican Communion where 'communities' is also used for those who take traditional vows."
2264:
4563:
937:
Lay-sisters: Lower-class women, assigned tasks related to the labour of the convent, generally were not given the opportunities to read and write, and paid a lower dowry.
5888:
5678:
836:
1407:
In the United States and Canada, the founding of Anglican religious orders of nuns began in 1845 with the Sisterhood of the Holy Communion (now defunct) in New York.
886:, new orders for women began appearing in the seventeenth century. In the next three centuries women opened dozens of independent religious orders, funded in part by
6595:
1481:
8010:
6100:
4383:
927:. Prior to making the vows, the family of the nun is expected to pay the convent dowry. Nuns were also expected to renounce their inheritance and property rights.
608:
states: "Religious are to wear the habit of the institute, made according to the norm of proper law, as a sign of their consecration and as a witness of poverty."
3467:
3132:
3045:
5305:
4378:
808:
6625:
4568:
4398:
1245:) adopted the Lutheran Christian faith. Other convents, especially those in Reformed areas, closed after the Reformation, with some sisters deciding to marry.
3324:
4603:
4513:
1128:
The next level for monastics takes place some years after the first tonsure when the abbess feels the nun has reached a level of discipline, dedication, and
2228:
1776:
7930:
6034:
1875:, formerly the successful academic scholar Dr. Chatsumarn Kabilsingh, established a controversial monastery for the training of Buddhist nuns in Thailand.
3827:
2542:
7028:
5756:
5403:
4752:
2451:
1821:
As with monks, there is quite a lot of variation in nuns' dress and social conventions between Buddhist cultures in Asia. Chinese nuns possess the full
360:
throughout the day in church, usually in a solemn manner. They were formerly distinguished within the monastic community as "choir nuns", as opposed to
8376:
5995:
5355:
2571:
2497:
2474:
1428:
7495:
6141:
4719:
2661:
1040:
can override an abbess within the walls of her monastery). Abbots and Abbesses rank in authority equal to bishops in many ways and were included in
6281:
6158:
6045:
2315:
389:
she first undergoes a period of testing life for six months to two years called a postulancy. If she, and the order, determine that she may have a
3290:
7816:
6006:
5549:
5480:
3848:
646:
5899:
970:
853:
716:
recognized as religious all men and women who took simple vows. Their lives were oriented not to the ancient monastic way of life, but more to
60:
764:(women religious). The same religious order could include both "nuns" and "sisters", if some members took solemn vows and others simple vows.
8208:
7995:
6998:
6335:
5614:
5602:
5242:
1133:
1044:. Orthodox monasteries are usually associated with a local synod of bishops by jurisdiction, but are otherwise self-governing. Abbesses hear
688:
Originally, the vows taken by profession in any religious institute approved by the Holy See were classified as solemn. This was declared by
573:
is any home of a community of sisters ā or, indeed, of priests and brothers, though this term is rarely used in the United States. The term "
3395:
1961:, which said women could not attain Buddhahood until they changed into men. However, in 1249, 12 women received full ordination as priests.
6878:
3262:
934:
Choir nuns: Usually from elite families, they held office, could vote within the convent, and were given the opportunity to read and write.
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7290:
6828:
6121:
6022:
5638:
5298:
4674:
4488:
4463:
4171:
3350:
2108:
member of a women's religious order (as of nuns or deaconesses); especially : one of a Roman Catholic congregation under simple vows
1893:
Wei-yi Cheng studied the Luminary (Hsiang Kuang é¦å
) order in southern Taiwan. Cheng reviewed earlier studies which suggest that Taiwan's
1793:
traditions have nuns, although their status is different among Buddhist countries. The Buddha is reported to have allowed women into the
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7135:
5726:
4263:
4042:
4037:
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2128:
309:
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6183:
4047:
3925:
2816:
Lehfeldt, Elizabeth A. (1999-01-01). "Discipline, Vocation, and Patronage: Spanish Religious Women in a Tridentine Microclimate".
8115:
7209:
6136:
4745:
3436:
2260:
1075:
3165:
See Title III, Canon 24, sections 1 and 2 of the Canons of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, also quoted at
600:, many religious institutes chose in their own regulations to no longer wear the traditional habit and did away with choosing a
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6116:
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6001:
5931:
5291:
4458:
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1420:
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which is a garment of long wide piece of woolen cloth worn over the shoulders with an opening for the head. Some wear a white
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8095:
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5445:
4343:
4216:
3935:
436:, among others) nuns take vows of stability (that is, to remain a member of a single monastic community), obedience (to an
3110:
1762:
8125:
7955:
6863:
6610:
5904:
4654:
2735:
2066:
1435:, a world directory of religious orders, and also maintains an official Anglican Communion website for religious orders.
902:
Prior to women becoming nuns during early modern Spain, aspired nuns underwent a process. The process was ensured by the
876:
303:
3464:
3129:
2402:
1859:
foremost nuns such as Mae Ji Kaew Sianglam, the founder of the Nunnery of Baan Huai Saai, who is believed by some to be
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provided by the parents of young nuns. The orders specialized in charitable works, including hospitals, orphanages,
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died out, though in many places they wear the "saffron" colored robes, observing only ten precepts like novices.
17:
3703:
Veale, Ailish (2016). "International and Modern Ideals in Irish Female Medical Missionary Activity, 1937ā1962".
3631:
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is a woman who vows to dedicate her life to religious service and contemplation, typically living under vows of
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1911:
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1308:
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and attempted to bring forward the ideas regarding contemplative life born during the Second Vatican Council".
558:
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of the order (usually with some modification, normally a white veil instead of black, to distinguish her from
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2772:
Schmitz, Timothy J. (2006-01-01). "The Spanish Hieronymites and the Reformed Texts of the Council of Trent".
2019:
1293:
947:
867:
the sisters have directed their ministries more to the poor, working more directly among them and with them.
2490:
2467:
1929:
It is permissible for a Tibetan nun to receive bhikkhuni ordination from another living tradition, e.g., in
637:
During the first millennium, nearly all religious communities of men and women were dedicated to prayer and
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1110:
When the abbess deems the novice ready, the novice is asked to join the monastery. If she accepts, she is
405:, a period (that lasts one to two years) of living the life of the religious institute without yet taking
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982:
In the Eastern Orthodox Church there is no distinction between a monastery for women and one for men. In
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617:
605:
189:
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1855:. However, some of them have played an important role in dhamma-practitioners' community. There are in
533:
are also cloistered sisters who receive visitors and pray in support of their sister congregation, the
3845:
1867:. At the beginning of the 21st century, some Buddhist women in Thailand have started to introduce the
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342:
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of the Vatican's Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and for Societies of Apostolic Life
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Glocal Place, Lived Space: Everyday Life in a Tibetan Buddhist Monastery for Nuns in Northern India
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1986:
1889:
regard their vocation as unworthy of respect, they still tended to view the nuns as social misfits.
1472:
The Emmanuel Sisterhood in Cameroon, Africa, is part of the Presbyterian Church in Cameroon (PCC).
1464:
In some Anglican orders, there are sisters who have been ordained and can celebrate the Eucharist.
1320:
1301:
670:
509:
76:
3772:
Monastic Matrix: A Scholarly Resource for the Study of Women's Religious Communities 400ā1600 C.E.
2755:
Thomas Carr, Jr., "Writing the Convent in New France: The Colonialist Rhetoric of Canadian Nuns",
775:, the Vatican has addressed the renewal of the contemplative life of nuns. It produced the letter
708:
attached to existing communities who undertook to live a formal religious life. In 1566 and 1568,
444:), and conversion of life (which includes poverty and celibacy). In other traditions, such as the
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which bishops, priests, and deacons receive), though many communities do have ordained members.
349:, while sisters do not live in the papal enclosure and formerly took vows called "simple vows".
8320:
8261:
8256:
7890:
7696:
7617:
7542:
7422:
7100:
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4852:
4323:
4318:
4186:
3680:
1683:
864:
772:
745:
693:
597:
584:, which is tied around the waist with a cloth or leather belt. Over the tunic some nuns wear a
398:
38:
3532:
3342:
3095:
2937:
Taggard, Mindy Nancarrow (2000-01-01). "Art and Alienation in Early Modern Spanish Convents".
728:
and in mission areas. Their number had increased dramatically in the upheavals brought by the
8025:
7852:
7277:
7058:
6923:
6769:
6475:
6413:
6372:
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4806:
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2630:"The Theresienne Sisters of Basankusu (La congrƩgation des soeurs thƩrƩsiennes de Basankusu)"
1872:
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5091:
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3950:
3736:
2297:Ā§3, CIC 1983, SCRIS instruction, "Venite seorsum" August 15, 1969, in AAS 61 (1969) 674ā690
1552:
1416:
1088:. Novices may or may not (depending on the abbess's wishes) dress in the black inner robe (
638:
357:
177:
31:
4730:
3808:
2690:
2120:
661:. At that time, and into the 17th century, Church custom did not allow women to leave the
8:
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8120:
7913:
7897:
7417:
7327:
6778:
6722:
6670:
6571:
6533:
5462:
5314:
5136:
5101:
5030:
4791:
3664:
3071:
2865:
2425:
1354:
1311:, an order of Lutheran nuns, operates a guesthouse for Holocaust survivors in Jerusalem.
883:
782:
634:) is used for women who have taken "simple" vows (that is, vows other than solemn vows).
326:
288:
3678:
Roberts, Rebecca (2013). "Le Catholicisme au fƩminin: Thirty Years of Women's History".
3090:
Cynthia A. Jurisson, "The Deaconess Movement", in Rosemary Skinner Keller et al., eds.
8238:
8055:
6913:
6905:
6648:
6349:
6316:
6248:
6074:
5526:
5456:
5272:
5211:
4811:
4781:
4700:
3753:
3722:
3579:
2954:
2893:
2885:
2833:
2789:
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1369:
1214:
1100:
tied over the head (see photo, above). The isorassa is the first part of the monastic "
1041:
956:
907:
860:
689:
361:
3428:
1071:
There are a number of different levels that the nun passes through in her profession:
1028:. The abbess is the spiritual leader of the convent and her authority is absolute (no
8198:
7434:
6759:
6639:
6406:
6362:
5946:
5871:
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3726:
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3583:
3542:
3189:
3149:
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1350:
729:
692:(1235ā1303). The situation changed in the 16th century. In 1521, two years after the
240:
208:
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1808:
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6152:
5914:
5877:
Congregation of the Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary
4972:
4928:
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4833:
4761:
4211:
4016:
3745:
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3670:
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2148:
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1001:
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975:
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650:
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3718:
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8035:
8000:
7806:
7801:
7726:
7721:
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7337:
7267:
6799:
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6290:
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4901:
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4166:
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3940:
3852:
3792:
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3538:
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3402:
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3212:
3173:
3136:
3114:
3078:
2679:
2665:
2501:
2478:
2432:
2294:
2229:"Mother Teresa, who becomes a saint on Sunday, began her life as a nun in Dublin"
2212:
2193:
2174:
2155:
1978:
1958:
1934:
1388:
1289:
1281:
1238:
1101:
887:
666:
453:
394:
382:
322:
295:
5452:
Monastic Family of Bethlehem, of the Assumption of the Virgin and of Saint Bruno
5283:
1716:
1372:
who live under a common rule. The term "religious orders" is distinguished from
373:, often wearing a different habit or the standard woman's attire of the period.
356:, nuns living within an enclosure historically commit to recitation of the full
8213:
8142:
7990:
7925:
7711:
7701:
7687:
7672:
7352:
7247:
7131:
7110:
6644:
6523:
6498:
6470:
6401:
6236:
5889:
Congregation of the Franciscan Hospitaller Sisters of the Immaculate Conception
5337:
5151:
4923:
4896:
4883:
4845:
4828:
4679:
4067:
4021:
4011:
3308:"Mae Chee Kaew ā Her Journey to Spiritual Awakening & Enlightenment e-book"
3107:
2727:
1401:
1226:
1162:
1061:
983:
891:
721:
717:
601:
550:
410:
346:
315:
284:
4124:
3652:
1849:), there developed a separate order of non-ordained female renunciates called
1697:
1213:
After the Protestant Reformation, some monasteries in Lutheran lands (such as
645:
were built in remote locations or were separated from the world by means of a
8351:
8345:
8105:
8065:
7950:
7872:
7857:
7706:
7667:
7473:
7357:
7154:
6823:
6538:
5797:
5468:
5247:
5189:
4957:
4493:
3991:
3841:
3816:
3528:
3496:
2866:"Convents as Litigants: Dowry and Inheritance Disputes in Early-Modern Spain"
2394:
2058:
1919:
1649:
1258:
1230:
1206:
952:
738:
713:
622:
Although usage has varied throughout church history, typically "nun" (Latin:
525:
490:
68:
6080:
Sisters of Charity of Saints Bartolomea Capitanio and Vincenza Gerosa (SCCG)
4006:
3594:
Women Religious in the Church: a directory of individual orders / institutes
3375:
3325:"Upasika Kee Nanayon and the Social Dynamic of Theravadin Buddhist Practice"
3205:
3148:
Anglican Religious Life 2012ā13, published Canterbury Press, Norwich, 2011,
1515:
1209:
has continued as a Lutheran convent in the Benedictine tradition since 1529.
1064:
and perform other priestly functions, such as the absolution of a penitent.
8080:
8015:
7945:
7935:
7862:
7762:
7731:
7507:
7456:
7224:
7166:
7063:
6834:
6751:
6707:
6702:
6692:
6503:
6430:
5803:
5720:
5531:
5491:
5367:
5361:
3660:
3637:
OāBrien, Anne (2016). "Catholic nuns in transnational mission, 1528ā2015".
3575:
3166:
1711:
1620:
1277:
1222:
1143:
911:
520:). Yet religious sisters can also perform this form of ministry, e.g., the
475:
409:. Upon completion of this period she may take her initial, temporary vows.
273:
224:
200:
4874:
3560:
Curtis, Sarah A. (2016). "The Double Invisibility of Missionary Sisters".
3429:"Luminary Buddhist Nuns in Contemporary Taiwan: A Quiet Feminist Movement"
2881:
2441:, Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. Accessed 18 July 2011.
1802:
1740:
1724:
1698:
1600:
1594:
1564:
1497:
1171:
910:(1556ā1598) adopted within Spain. King Phillip II acquired the aid of the
665:
if they had taken religious vows. Female members of the mendicant orders (
236:
8276:
8132:
8005:
7985:
7980:
7975:
7960:
7262:
7197:
7053:
6978:
6956:
6804:
6566:
6528:
6232:
6039:
5785:
5421:
5391:
5385:
5206:
4992:
4141:
3945:
3872:
2008:
1864:
1373:
1262:
1084:
When one enters a monastery the first three to five years are spent as a
756:) exclusively for members of institutes for women that it classified as "
709:
705:
701:
682:
678:
642:
445:
429:
421:
370:
299:
Maria Johanna Baptista von Zweyer, Abbess of the Cistercian abbey of Wald
269:
232:
220:
216:
3461:
Hokkeji and the Reemergence of Female Monastic Orders in Premodern Japan
2793:
7970:
7965:
7789:
7716:
7332:
7252:
6883:
5596:
5555:
5537:
5379:
5373:
4918:
3456:
2958:
2889:
2837:
1829:
countries it is generally believed that the full ordination lineage of
1377:
1093:
1049:
924:
733:
697:
627:
580:
The traditional dress for women in religious communities consists of a
501:
449:
425:
414:
117:
3233:
1871:
in their country as well, even if public acceptance is still lacking.
1333:
471:
264:
8075:
8070:
8040:
7736:
7499:
7483:
7468:
7312:
7202:
7080:
7070:
6938:
6717:
6212:
5485:
5199:
5184:
5177:
5165:
4987:
4938:
3810:
Medieval Shrines of British Saints, including sainted women religious
3505:
The World of Buddhism: Buddhist Monks and Nuns in Society and Culture
2785:
2629:
2336:
1996:
1826:
1645:
1627:
1563:
1249:
1242:
1218:
1187:
1183:
1085:
1057:
1037:
964:
823:
674:
574:
521:
513:
402:
386:
181:
5990:
Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Mother of God
2950:
2829:
1202:
251:, but have more recently become more prevalent in other traditions.
8315:
8223:
8050:
7149:
6518:
6243:
5332:
5267:
5119:
5073:
5068:
5063:
4962:
1972:
1953:
1915:
1894:
1842:
1790:
1593:
1129:
1053:
1014:
662:
611:
585:
546:
486:
461:
441:
433:
390:
353:
248:
228:
204:
72:
6259:
3867:
3828:
Instruction on the Contemplative Life and on the Enclosure of Nuns
3690:
On France, especially research on Catholic nuns by Claude Langlois
1933:. Based on this, Western nuns ordained in Tibetan tradition, like
1325:
1154:
146:
8020:
6858:
6732:
6675:
5684:
5237:
4967:
3215:
sisters of St. Margaret, (Episcopal religious community of women)
1930:
1814:
1739:
1732:
1723:
1559:
1393:
1115:
1111:
1089:
992:
570:
457:
338:
244:
185:
4246:
2976:. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2008. p. 49.
1845:, a country which never had a tradition of fully ordained nuns (
1345:
Religious communities throughout England were destroyed by King
681:) continued to observe the same enclosed life as members of the
157:
8173:
7478:
7463:
7407:
7374:
6132:
Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary
5194:
5172:
5110:
5035:
4982:
4786:
2466:
Constitution "Conditae a Christo" of 8 December 1900, cited in
2024:
1922:
1851:
1795:
1641:
1608:
1542:
1338:
1234:
1033:
1029:
1020:
960:
760:"; and for "nuns" and "sisters" jointly it used the Latin word
725:
654:
589:
565:
437:
366:
2728:"Sisters of Mercy: Spirituality, Resources, Prayer and Action"
2261:"Nun in iconic Italy quake photo shares her story of survival"
1114:
in a formal service during which she is given the outer robe (
1056:
on their charges, though they still require the services of a
564:
A nun who is elected to head her religious house is termed an
227:
traditions, as well as other Christian denominations. In the
8271:
7439:
7403:
5141:
5106:
4952:
3858:
3771:
2601:"Contemplative nuns roll with the changes under Pope Francis"
2034:
1908:
International Congress on Buddhist Women's Role in the Sangha
1365:
1097:
1025:
696:
had forbidden the establishment of new religious institutes,
658:
581:
334:
126:
7444:
7163:
5146:
5058:
4760:
2013:
2002:
1572:
1528:
1149:
406:
330:
196:
but live an active vocation of prayer and charitable work.
4126:
Religious orders and communities of the Anglican Communion
3855:(two reasons life at the convent and vows may be forsaken)
4474:
Congregation of the Sisters of the Visitation of Our Lady
2991:. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press. p. 48.
1898:
development, and more mobile believers helped the order.
741:'s Constitution "Conditae a Christo" of 8 December 1900.
341:
or special character. Traditionally, nuns are members of
193:
1506:
A Chinese nun ascending steps on Mount Putuo Shan island
826:
wearing a brightly coloured habit, riding a motor-bike,
809:
Sisters of St. Francis of Penance and Christian Charity
4604:
Society of the Franciscan Servants of Jesus & Mary
4399:
Community of the Companions of Jesus the Good Shepherd
3694:
Shank, Lillian Thomas; Nichols, John A., eds. (1987).
1136:, she is allowed a stricter personal ascetic practice.
3415:
Buddhism in Taiwan: Religion and the State, 1660ā1990
2811:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2803:
842:
A Ugandan nun teaching during a community service day
6035:
Order of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary
3627:
Sisters in Arms: Catholic Nuns through Two Millennia
2989:
Brides of Christ: Conventual life in colonial Mexico
2974:
Brides of Christ: Conventual life in colonial Mexico
2121:"What is the difference between a sister and a nun?"
1968:
1288:
There are a plethora of religious orders within the
5757:
Missionaries of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary
5404:
Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary
4716:Topics closely related to active religious orders:
3276:
half are ordained. The community continues to grow.
3092:
Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America
3023:(Printshop of St. Job of Pochaev, Jordanville, NY,
2454:
Religious Congregations in Their External Relations
1284:
has continued as a Lutheran convent since A.D. 1579
549:is a nun who corresponds to the male equivalent of
329:of nuns and sisters (the female equivalent of male
5996:Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary
2926:. Oxford; New York : Oxford University Press.
2800:
2767:
2765:
2678:
1261:) rather than the more extreme reformers (such as
516:, New York, pray in support of the priests of the
6142:Sisters, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary
5313:
4720:Former religious orders in the Anglican Communion
3343:"Issues | Authoritarianism of the holy kind"
2337:"Vocation: Sister Disciples Of The Divine Master"
2308:"Sister Grace Corde Myerjack ā Maryknoll Sisters"
1159:Princess Praskovya Yusupova Before Becoming a Nun
8343:
6159:Sisters of Providence of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods
6046:Poor Clare Missionaries of the Blessed Sacrament
4419:Community of the Holy Name (Europe & Africa)
612:Distinction between a nun and a religious sister
6007:Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus
3863:The International Association of Buddhist Women
3495:
3417:; University of Hawaii Press, 1999; pp. 154ā155
2762:
2681:The Faithful: A History of Catholics in America
1364:Anglican religious orders are organizations of
5900:Daughters of Mary of the Immaculate Conception
3009:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 30.
1800:late addition.) Fully ordained Buddhist nuns (
1415:, the headquarters of the Church of England's
854:Catholic sisters and nuns in the United States
188:. The term is often used interchangeably with
6275:
5299:
4746:
4369:Community of St. Mary of Nazareth and Calvary
4110:
3888:
3613:Called to Serve: A History of Nuns in America
3489:Women Living Zen: Japanese Soto Buddhist Nuns
3396:Thai Bhikkhunis ā Songdhammakalyani Monastery
3254:
2655:Called to Serve: A History of Nuns in America
2421:
2419:
1937:, took full ordination in another tradition.
1818:). The important vows are the same, however.
1770:
1482:Saint Brigid of Kildare Benedictine Monastery
57:The examples and perspective in this article
4665:Community of the Servants of the Will of God
4207:Order of the Teachers of the Children of God
3693:
1142:The final stage, called "Megaloschemos" or "
6122:Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary
6023:Oblate Sisters of the Virgin Mary of Fatima
5639:Franciscan Missionaries of the Eternal Word
4464:Community of the Sisters of the Love of God
3802:Religious Orders including Female Religious
3588:Deals with French nuns in the 19th century.
3004:
2921:
2676:
1488:double monastery with both monks and nuns.
1248:A modern resurgence of the early Christian
1092:); those who do will also usually wear the
780:
37:"SÅur" redirects here. For other uses, see
8204:International Alliance of Catholic Knights
6282:
6268:
5727:Comboni Missionaries of the Heart of Jesus
5306:
5292:
4753:
4739:
4484:Fikambanan'ny Mpanompovavin l Jesoa Kristy
4117:
4103:
4043:Evangelisch-Lutherische Gebetsbruderschaft
3902:
3895:
3881:
3666:Medieval English Nunneries c. 1275 to 1535
3610:
3007:Nuns: A history of convent life, 1450ā1700
2924:Nuns: A history of convent life, 1450ā1700
2416:
1777:
1763:
791:in 2018 "which replaced the 1999 document
8377:Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns
4579:Society of All Saints Sisters of the Poor
4434:Community of the Resurrection of Our Lord
4374:Community of St. Michael & All Angels
3916:Bekenntnisbruderschaft St. Peter und Paul
3669:. Cambridge University Press – via
3426:
1431:. This department publishes the biennial
310:Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul
95:Learn how and when to remove this message
6196:Society of the Helpers of the Holy Souls
6184:Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart
5603:Congregation of Saint ThĆ©rĆØse of Lisieux
4048:Hochkirchliche St.-Johannes-Bruderschaft
3926:Congregatio Canonicorum Sancti Augustini
3733:
3624:
3527:
3248:
3167:Anglican Communion Religious Communities
2863:
2815:
2092:
1501:
1332:
1324:
1276:
1201:
1170:
1153:
969:
951:
524:Missionary Sisters have small houses of
485:
470:
302:
294:
283:
263:
27:Member of a religious community of women
6137:Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary
4650:Anglican Order of Preachers (Dominican)
4038:CommunitƤt Christusbruderschaft Selbitz
3837:A Biography of a Vajrayana Buddhist Nun
3677:
3636:
3591:
2936:
2771:
1076:Degrees of Eastern Orthodox monasticism
963:, wearing the full monastic habit of a
822:A sister of the Theresienne Sisters of
14:
8344:
6663:
6085:Sisters of Christian Doctrine of Nancy
6052:Religious of the Sacred Heart of Jesus
6002:Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart
5932:Handmaids of the Sacred Heart of Jesus
4459:Community of the Sisters of the Church
4449:Community of the Servants of the Cross
4424:Community of the Holy Name (Australia)
3846:letter To Several Nuns, August 6, 1524
3696:Medieval Religious Women: Peaceweavers
3559:
3511:
3124:
3122:
2986:
2971:
1439:defines four categories of community.
376:
6263:
5591:Congregation of the Blessed Sacrament
5287:
4734:
4660:Community of the Holy Transfiguration
4454:Community of the Sisters of Melanesia
4098:
3876:
3786:The Hermits and Anchorites of England
3702:
3659:
3044:. Medieval Histories. 8 August 2014.
3000:
2998:
2864:Lehfeldt, Elizabeth A. (2000-01-01).
2859:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2283:
2281:
2255:
2253:
897:
531:Sister Disciples of the Divine Master
6127:Sisters of the Immaculate Conception
6117:Sisters of the Holy Family-Louisiana
5952:Little Sisters Disciples of the Lamb
5947:Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary
5739:Missionaries of St. Francis de Sales
5679:Marians of the Immaculate Conception
5562:Canons Regular of Saint John Cantius
5446:Missionaries of St. Charles Borromeo
4344:Community of St. John the Evangelist
3936:Hochkirchlicher Apostolat St. Ansgar
3486:
3265:from the original on 3 November 2013
3128:Israeli press report concerning one
3048:from the original on 1 December 2017
2426:Arthur Vermeersch, "Religious Life"
2223:
2221:
2053:
2051:
1825:ordination, Tibetan nuns do not. In
779:in 1999, the apostolic constitution
166:Nuns in different parts of the world
43:
6289:
5905:Daughters of the Holy Heart of Mary
4655:Community of the Glorious Ascension
3188:, Canterbury Press, Norwich, 2011,
3119:
941:
877:Catholic sisters and nuns in Canada
626:) is used for women who have taken
24:
6179:The Sisters of St. Joseph of Peace
5804:Rogationists of the Heart of Jesus
5501:
4539:Sisterhood of St. Mary, Bangladesh
4394:Community of the Blessed Lady Mary
4359:Community of St. Mary at the Cross
4147:Brotherhood of the Ascended Christ
3487:Arai, Paula Kane Robinson (1999).
3480:
2995:
2844:
2493:Dominicans at Home in a New Nation
2470:Dominicans at Home in a New Nation
2395:"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Mary Ward"
2278:
2250:
2080:
1957:not gain salvation because of the
1060:(i.e., a priest) to celebrate the
480:March For Life in Washington, D.C.
456:, they take the threefold vows of
381:In general, when a woman enters a
25:
8388:
6207:Servants of the Blessed Sacrament
5883:Carmelite Sisters of Saint Teresa
4634:Society of the Sisters of Bethany
4534:Sisterhood of St. John the Divine
4232:Society of St John the Evangelist
3931:Evangelische Michaelsbruderschaft
3765:
3534:The Popes and European Revolution
3156:, pp. iii, iv, 19, 147, 151, 171.
3094:(Indiana U.P., 2006). pp. 821ā33
2218:
2048:
8326:
8325:
8314:
8282:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul
7830:Criticism of the Catholic Church
6242:
6091:Sisters of the Cross and Passion
6070:Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament
5751:Missionaries of the Sacred Heart
5633:Franciscan Friars of the Renewal
5398:Congregation of Our Lady of Sion
5266:
4873:
4584:Society of Our Lady of the Isles
4469:Community of the Transfiguration
4364:Community of St. Mary the Virgin
4339:Community of St. John the Divine
4245:
4084:Franciscan orders in Lutheranism
3611:McGuinness, Margaret M. (2013).
3258:Methodist woman founds monastery
3019:Archpriest Seraphim Slobodskoy,
2059:"What is a Nun? (with pictures)"
1971:
1353:from papal authority during the
1197:
847:
835:
815:
800:
748:reserved the term "nun" (Latin:
178:poverty, chastity, and obedience
156:
145:
136:
125:
116:
48:
6449:First seven ecumenical councils
6190:Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
5927:Handmaids of the Heart of Jesus
5774:Oblates of St. Francis de Sales
5579:Congregatio Discipulorum Domini
5428:Institute of the Incarnate Word
4549:Sisterhood of the Holy Nativity
4444:Community of the Sacred Passion
4389:Community of St. Peter, Horbury
3450:
3439:from the original on 2016-03-04
3420:
3407:
3389:
3364:
3353:from the original on 2022-12-14
3335:
3317:
3300:
3281:
3218:
3199:
3186:Anglican Religious Life 2012ā13
3179:
3159:
3142:
3100:
3084:
3064:
3034:
3013:
2980:
2965:
2930:
2915:
2904:from the original on 2020-08-09
2749:
2738:from the original on 2017-01-31
2720:
2707:
2670:
2647:
2636:from the original on 2014-05-12
2622:
2593:
2582:from the original on 2018-11-02
2564:
2553:from the original on 2018-12-13
2535:
2524:from the original on 2019-05-15
2514:"CIC 1917: text ā IntraText CT"
2506:
2483:
2460:
2444:
2405:from the original on 2021-09-04
2387:
2376:from the original on 2018-02-20
2366:"Code of Canon Law ā IntraText"
2358:
2347:from the original on 2018-05-24
2329:
2318:from the original on 2018-05-24
2300:
2267:from the original on 2017-12-01
2239:from the original on 2017-12-06
2131:from the original on 2019-05-31
2069:from the original on 2021-09-26
1467:
254:
7024:Separation of church and state
5850:Adorers of the Blood of Christ
5827:Sons of the Most Holy Redeemer
4670:Companions of Saint Luke (OSB)
4594:Society of St. John the Divine
4404:Community of the Good Shepherd
4304:Community of Jesus' Compassion
4269:Benedictine Sisters of Bethany
3987:Evangelical Sisterhood of Mary
3261:. National Catholic Reporter.
2199:
2180:
2161:
2142:
2113:
1359:Dissolution of the Monasteries
1314:
1309:Evangelical Sisterhood of Mary
1272:
930:Religious class distinctions:
393:to the life, she receives the
259:
13:
1:
5942:Holy Spirit Adoration Sisters
5550:Brothers of Our Lady of Mercy
5315:Catholic religious institutes
4696:Society of the Sacred Mission
4619:Society of the Precious Blood
4574:Sisters of St Francis (Korea)
4334:Community of St. John Baptist
4177:Korean Franciscan Brotherhood
4157:Community of the Resurrection
4053:Order of Lutheran Franciscans
3750:10.1080/0046760X.2015.1063711
3719:10.1080/09612025.2015.1114330
3625:McNamara, Jo Ann Kay (1998).
2818:The Sixteenth Century Journal
2774:The Sixteenth Century Journal
2087:The Oxford English Dictionary
2041:
2020:Category:Nunsploitation films
1294:Order of Lutheran Franciscans
1024:) dependent on the abbess or
948:Eastern Christian Monasticism
807:Sister RosƔlia Sehnem of the
787:in 2016, and the instruction
540:
369:or members of the associated
6101:Sisters of the Good Shepherd
6058:Religious of the Virgin Mary
6029:Order of Our Lady of Charity
6013:Oblate Sisters of Providence
5910:Faithful Companions of Jesus
5691:Society of Mary (Marianists)
5506:Coat of arms of Vatican City
5253:List of religious institutes
4624:Society of the Sacred Advent
4589:Society of Our Lady St. Mary
4559:Sisters of the Good Shepherd
4529:Order of Women (South India)
4504:Order of St. Anne at Bethany
4439:Community of the Sacred Name
4429:Community of the Holy Spirit
4414:Community of the Holy Family
4299:Community of Christ the King
4192:Oratory of the Good Shepherd
4152:Brotherhood of Saint Gregory
3961:Rogate Monastery St. Michael
3106:One example of a Protestant
3005:Evangelisti, Silvia (2007).
2922:Evangelisti, Silvia (2007).
2607:. 2018-11-22. Archived from
2543:"Verbi Sponsa (13 May 1999)"
1999:, Protestant religious women
1475:
978:, Serbian orthodox monastery
828:Democratic Republic of Congo
401:members) and undertakes the
243:compared to male monastics (
7:
6164:Sisters of the Sacred Heart
6018:Oblates of Jesus the Priest
5967:Living the Gospel Community
4685:Order of Christ the Saviour
4629:Society of the Sacred Cross
4614:Society of the Holy Trinity
4519:Order of the Holy Paraclete
4409:Community of the Holy Cross
4274:Chama Cha Mariamu Mtakatifu
4063:Society of the Holy Trinity
3921:Brethren of the Common Life
3812:, full text + illustrations
3804:, full text + illustrations
3796:, full text + illustrations
3784:Full text + illustrations,
3232:(in German). Archived from
3230:www.emmanuel-sisterhood.org
3226:"Ihre Homepage - HOME PAGE"
2452:Celestine Anthony Freriks,
1964:
1836:
1741:
1725:
1699:
1601:
1595:
1565:
1491:
704:with simple vows for those
618:Religious sister (Catholic)
247:). Nuns are most common in
71:, discuss the issue on the
10:
8393:
8321:Catholic Church portal
5962:Little Sisters of the Poor
5867:Basilian Chouerite Sisters
5821:Servants of Jesus and Mary
5768:Oblates of the Virgin Mary
5762:Oblates of Mary Immaculate
5733:Missionaries of La Salette
5703:Society of the Divine Word
5685:Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
5573:Christian Brothers (Irish)
4564:Sisters of the Incarnation
4544:Sisterhood of the Epiphany
4524:Order of Julian of Norwich
4182:Little Brothers of Francis
4162:Company of Mission Priests
4058:Societas Sanctae Birgittae
3563:Journal of Women's History
3433:Journal of Buddhist Ethics
3401:December 26, 2008, at the
2759:(2009), Issue 47, pp 3ā23.
2677:O'Toole, James M. (2008).
2037:, Hinduist religious women
1910:, with the support of the
1495:
1318:
1073:
945:
874:
851:
615:
424:tradition, (Benedictines,
325:tradition, there are many
36:
29:
8309:
8247:Aid to the Church in Need
8237:
8094:
7907:
7868:Vatican Television Center
7843:
7753:
7643:
7513:Eastern Catholic Churches
7494:
7383:
7276:
7223:
7148:
7119:
7044:
6969:
6904:
6849:
6768:
6638:
6552:
6484:
6429:
6348:
6325:
6297:
6227:
6201:Sisters of Social Service
6112:Sisters of the Holy Cross
5862:Basilian Aleppian Sisters
5842:
5697:Society of Mary (Marists)
5513:
5499:
5321:
5261:
5220:
5082:
5044:
5001:
4937:
4882:
4871:
4865:Society of apostolic life
4772:
4709:
4642:
4609:Society of the Holy Cross
4349:Community of St. Laurence
4254:
4243:
4222:Society of the Holy Cross
4132:
4076:
4030:
3977:CommunitƤt Casteller Ring
3969:
3908:
3851:December 7, 2009, at the
3822:The Catholic Encyclopedia
3653:10.1017/S1740022816000206
3640:Journal of Global History
3617:New York University Press
3501:Gombrich, Richard Francis
2987:Lavrin, Asuncion (2008).
2972:Lavrin, Asuncion (2008).
2870:Journal of Social History
2438:The Catholic Encyclopedia
1878:
1738:
1722:
1710:
1696:
1689:
1679:
1665:
1640:
1626:
1619:
1592:
1582:
1558:
1551:
1540:
1526:
1413:Church House, Westminster
1398:Society of Saint Margaret
1005:
870:
606:Catholic Church canon law
537:in their media ministry.
343:enclosed religious orders
312:in the Portal of a Church
8189:Communion and Liberation
7653:Eastern Catholic liturgy
6818:Mystici Corporis Christi
6746:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
6169:Sisters of Saint Francis
6096:Sisters of the Destitute
5978:Marianites of Holy Cross
5973:Lovers of the Holy Cross
5895:Daughters of Divine Love
5745:Missionaries of the Poor
5674:Little Brothers of Jesus
5585:Immaculate Heart of Mary
5475:Society of the Atonement
4479:Daughters of St. Francis
4329:Community of St. Francis
4294:Community of All Hallows
4284:Chita che Zvipo Zve Moto
3956:St.-Jakobus-Bruderschaft
3794:Nuns of Medieval England
3592:Kennedy, Teresa (1991).
2713:Margaret M. McGuinness,
2687:Harvard University Press
2653:Margaret M. McGuinness,
1987:Catholic religious order
1948:
1901:
1545:(the Buddhist community)
1337:Two Birgitta sisters in
1321:Anglican religious order
1229:) and convents (such as
700:established a religious
510:Corpus Christi Monastery
203:, nuns are found in the
7004:Philosophy of canon law
6934:Mariology of the saints
6514:Investiture Controversy
6174:Sisters of Saint Joseph
5957:Little Sisters of Jesus
5709:Society of Saint Edmund
5440:Missionaries of Charity
4599:Society of St. Margaret
4314:Community of St. Andrew
4279:Chita che Zita Rinoyera
4202:Order of the Holy Cross
3632:Excerpt and text search
3465:excerpt and text search
3372:"Bhikkhuni Dhammananda"
1459:Anglican Religious Life
1437:Anglican Religious Life
1433:Anglican Religious Life
1304:are located in Europe.
892:homes for unwed mothers
630:, and "sister" (Latin:
518:Archdiocese of New York
495:Missionaries of Charity
420:In the branches of the
8257:Catholic Charities USA
7891:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
7879:Vatican Polyglot Press
6929:Mariology of the popes
6567:Protestant Reformation
6249:Catholicism portal
6064:Servants of St. Joseph
5627:Discalced Augustinians
5609:Conventual Franciscans
5507:
5344:Augustinian Recollects
5273:Catholicism portal
5243:Vocational discernment
5233:Foolishness for Christ
4384:Community of St. Peter
4324:Community of St. Denys
4319:Community of St. Clare
4227:Society of St. Francis
4187:Melanesian Brotherhood
3903:Active Lutheran orders
3706:Women's History Review
3681:Historical Reflections
3596:. Southport: Gowland.
3576:10.1353/jowh.2016.0037
3512:Lohuis, Elles (2013).
3413:Charles Brewer Jones,
3347:www.buddhistchannel.tv
2005:, a Japanese priestess
1891:
1812:rules than the monks (
1507:
1349:when he separated the
1342:
1330:
1302:active Lutheran orders
1285:
1210:
1190:
1166:
1012:); Russian: ŠøŠ³ŃŠ¼ŠµŠ½ŠøŃ (
979:
967:
865:Second Vatican Council
781:
746:1917 Code of Canon Law
694:Fourth Lateran Council
598:Second Vatican Council
497:
483:
318:
300:
292:
281:
180:in the enclosure of a
39:soeur (disambiguation)
8372:Religious occupations
8011:Good Shepherd Sisters
7853:Holy See Press Office
7091:Doctors of the Church
6924:Immaculate Conception
6879:Anointing of the Sick
6414:History of the papacy
6107:Sisters of Holy Cross
5810:Sacred Heart Brothers
5780:Order of Friars Minor
5668:Legionaries of Christ
5505:
4509:Order of St. Benedict
4379:Community of St. Paul
4354:Community of St. Mary
4309:Community of Nazareth
4289:Christa Sevika Sangha
3868:The Carmelite Sisters
3130:German Lutheran order
2939:South Atlantic Review
2882:10.1353/jsh.2000.0027
1886:
1873:Dhammananda Bhikkhuni
1857:Thai Forest Tradition
1505:
1387:With the rise of the
1336:
1328:
1280:
1205:
1174:
1157:
996:) ā Greek: į¼”Ī³ĪæĻ
Ī¼ĪĪ½Ī· (
973:
955:
535:Daughters of St. Paul
489:
474:
337:), each with its own
306:
298:
287:
267:
8367:Gendered occupations
7884:L'Osservatore Romano
7822:Role in civilisation
7548:Croatian and Serbian
7296:Episcopal conference
7258:St. Peter's Basilica
6616:Sexual abuse scandal
6572:Catholic Reformation
5621:De La Salle Brothers
5410:Discalced Carmelites
5016:Liturgy of the Hours
4892:Evangelical counsels
4569:Sisters of Jesus Way
3951:Theologisk Oratorium
3737:History of Education
1628:AnagÄrika, AnagÄrikÄ
1553:Buddhist monasticism
1425:Archbishops' Council
1417:Church Commissioners
327:religious institutes
77:create a new article
69:improve this article
59:may not represent a
32:Nun (disambiguation)
30:For other uses, see
8219:Neocatechumenal Way
8184:Charismatic Renewal
7898:Annuario Pontificio
7496:Particular churches
7172:Ecumenical councils
6944:Perpetual virginity
6779:Communitas perfecta
6723:Sermon on the Mount
5463:Servants of Charity
5356:Basilian Chouerites
4792:Religious institute
4514:Order of St. Helena
4237:Society of St. Paul
3541:. pp. 211ā52.
3331:on October 4, 2011.
3255:Patricia Lefevere.
2491:Mary Nona McGreal,
2468:Mary Nona McGreal,
2089:, vol. X, page 599.
2016:, the male monastic
1865:Upasika Kee Nanayon
1667:UpÄsaka and UpÄsikÄ
1355:English Reformation
1176:The Way of Humility
1042:ecumenical councils
884:Counter Reformation
783:Vultum Dei quaerere
476:Bridgettine Sisters
377:Membership and vows
289:Hildegard of Bingen
276:and founder of the
239:, and take several
192:who do take simple
8056:Premonstratensians
6439:Ante-Nicene period
6317:Lists of Catholics
6075:Sisters of Charity
5656:Holy Ghost Fathers
5527:Albertine Brothers
5508:
5457:Premonstratensians
5350:Basilian Aleppians
4782:Consecrated virgin
4691:Benedictine orders
4554:Sisters of Charity
4264:Augustinian orders
4217:St Gregory's Abbey
4197:Benedictine orders
3788:by Rotha Mary Clay
3777:2007-06-08 at the
3470:2017-02-28 at the
3293:2007-03-28 at the
3236:on 7 November 2023
3211:2010-06-16 at the
3172:2015-02-21 at the
3135:2014-08-24 at the
3113:2014-07-16 at the
3077:2011-06-10 at the
2664:2017-02-04 at the
2500:2011-09-27 at the
2477:2011-09-27 at the
2431:2012-01-15 at the
2293:2020-03-12 at the
2211:2017-07-06 at the
2192:2017-07-06 at the
2173:2017-07-06 at the
2154:2020-03-12 at the
1992:Consecrated virgin
1680:Gahattha, gahapati
1508:
1376:(the sacrament of
1370:Anglican Communion
1343:
1331:
1286:
1215:Amelungsborn Abbey
1211:
1191:
1167:
980:
968:
898:Early modern Spain
861:American Catholics
690:Pope Boniface VIII
498:
484:
319:
301:
293:
282:
231:tradition, female
8339:
8338:
7749:
7748:
7142:
6965:
6964:
6657:
6634:
6633:
6626:COVID-19 pandemic
6596:French Revolution
6586:Thirty Years' War
6494:Islamic conquests
6407:Apostolic fathers
6342:
6257:
6256:
5984:Maryknoll Sisters
5921:Filippini Sisters
5833:Xaverian Brothers
5492:Trinitarian Order
5281:
5280:
5054:Clerical clothing
4860:Secular institute
4728:
4727:
4675:Franciscan orders
4499:Order of St. Anne
4489:Franciscan orders
4172:Franciscan orders
4092:
4091:
3982:Daughters of Mary
3287:Hellmuth Hecker,
3194:978-1-84825-089-5
3154:978-1-84825-089-5
3042:"Kloster Ebstorf"
2518:www.intratext.com
2399:www.newadvent.org
2312:Maryknoll Sisters
2063:www.wise-geek.com
1914:, reinstated the
1787:
1786:
1754:
1753:
1691:Related religions
1657:lay renunciants (
1632:lay renunciants (
1368:or clergy in the
1351:Church of England
1329:Two Anglican nuns
1298:Daughters of Mary
1290:Lutheran Churches
1233:near the town of
1195:
1194:
912:Hieronymite order
730:French Revolution
559:Lutheran convents
500:Cloistered nuns (
493:, founder of the
249:Mahayana Buddhism
209:Oriental Orthodox
190:religious sisters
105:
104:
97:
79:, as appropriate.
16:(Redirected from
8384:
8329:
8328:
8319:
8318:
8061:Redemptoristines
7909:Religious orders
7835:Anti-Catholicism
7785:Church buildings
7645:Catholic liturgy
7385:Consecrated life
7243:Apostolic Palace
7210:Synod of Bishops
7146:
7145:
7122:
6728:Ten Commandments
6661:
6660:
6643:
6544:Age of Discovery
6378:Great Commission
6346:
6345:
6330:
6284:
6277:
6270:
6261:
6260:
6247:
6246:
6153:Sisters of Mercy
5856:Apostolic Carmel
5308:
5301:
5294:
5285:
5284:
5271:
5270:
4929:Vow of enclosure
4877:
4762:Consecrated life
4755:
4748:
4741:
4732:
4731:
4687:(OCS Dominicans)
4249:
4212:Salisbury Priory
4119:
4112:
4105:
4096:
4095:
4017:Wienhausen Abbey
3897:
3890:
3883:
3874:
3873:
3859:Sakyadhita
3761:
3730:
3699:
3689:
3674:
3671:Internet Archive
3656:
3630:
3620:
3607:
3587:
3552:
3517:
3508:
3492:
3474:
3454:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3435:(V. 10 (2003)).
3424:
3418:
3411:
3405:
3393:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3374:. Archived from
3368:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3327:. Archived from
3321:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3304:
3298:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3272:
3270:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3222:
3216:
3203:
3197:
3183:
3177:
3163:
3157:
3146:
3140:
3126:
3117:
3104:
3098:
3088:
3082:
3070:See CSA history
3068:
3062:
3061:
3055:
3053:
3038:
3032:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3002:
2993:
2992:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2861:
2842:
2841:
2824:(4): 1009ā1030.
2813:
2798:
2797:
2786:10.2307/20477841
2769:
2760:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2732:Sisters of Mercy
2724:
2718:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2684:
2674:
2668:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2510:
2504:
2487:
2481:
2464:
2458:
2448:
2442:
2423:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2323:
2304:
2298:
2285:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2257:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2225:
2216:
2203:
2197:
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2117:
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2110:
2096:
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2084:
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2075:
2074:
2055:
2030:Religious sister
1981:
1976:
1975:
1912:XIVth Dalai Lama
1906:The August 2007
1869:bhikkhuni sangha
1779:
1772:
1765:
1744:
1728:
1702:
1692:
1604:
1598:
1568:
1547:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1510:
1509:
1486:United Methodist
1429:National Society
1267:Porvoo Communion
1180:Russian Orthodox
1150:
1120:Epanokamelavkion
1007:
942:Eastern Orthodox
904:Council of Trent
839:
819:
804:
786:
651:mendicant orders
555:canoness regular
345:and take solemn
213:Eastern Orthodox
160:
149:
140:
129:
120:
100:
93:
89:
86:
80:
52:
51:
44:
21:
8392:
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8342:
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8340:
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8313:
8305:
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8267:Relief Services
8233:
8179:Catholic Action
8169:Military orders
8106:Confraternities
8098:of the faithful
8097:
8090:
7912:
7903:
7839:
7745:
7639:
7498:
7490:
7423:Prior, Prioress
7379:
7272:
7268:Vatican Museums
7219:
7152:
7138:
7134:
7130:
7126:
7121:
7115:
7040:
6994:Social teaching
6961:
6900:
6845:
6800:One true church
6764:
6741:Sixtine Vulgate
6737:Official Bible
6651:
6647:
6642:
6630:
6548:
6480:
6425:
6395:Petrine primacy
6338:
6334:
6329:
6321:
6293:
6291:Catholic Church
6288:
6258:
6253:
6241:
6223:
6147:Sisters of Life
5838:
5792:Pauline Fathers
5715:Marist Brothers
5509:
5497:
5481:TOR Franciscans
5325:
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5282:
5277:
5265:
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5216:
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4766:Catholic Church
4759:
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4638:
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4167:Ewell Monastery
4134:
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4002:Isenhagen Abbey
3997:Fischbeck Abbey
3965:
3941:Humiliatenorden
3904:
3901:
3853:Wayback Machine
3779:Wayback Machine
3768:
3604:
3549:
3539:Clarendon Press
3483:
3481:Further reading
3478:
3477:
3472:Wayback Machine
3455:
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3427:Cheng, Wei-yi.
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2106:. 26 May 2024.
2104:Merriam-Webster
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1979:Religion portal
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1959:Five Hindrances
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1935:Thubten Chodron
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1389:Oxford Movement
1323:
1317:
1282:Bursfelde Abbey
1275:
1239:Bursfelde Abbey
1200:
1182:nun working at
1078:
1052:) and dispense
950:
944:
900:
894:, and schools.
879:
873:
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843:
840:
831:
820:
811:
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732:and subsequent
683:monastic orders
620:
614:
569:Technically, a
543:
452:Order) and the
383:religious order
379:
262:
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241:additional vows
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7991:Conceptionists
7988:
7983:
7978:
7973:
7968:
7963:
7958:
7953:
7948:
7943:
7938:
7933:
7928:
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7894:
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6471:Biblical canon
6468:
6466:Late antiquity
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5937:Hijas de JesĆŗs
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5401:
5395:
5389:
5383:
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5371:
5365:
5359:
5353:
5347:
5341:
5338:Assumptionists
5335:
5329:
5327:
5319:
5318:
5311:
5310:
5303:
5296:
5288:
5279:
5278:
5276:
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5018:
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4998:
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4990:
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4975:
4970:
4965:
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4955:
4949:
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4935:
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4931:
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4924:Vow of silence
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4872:
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4857:
4856:
4855:
4850:
4849:
4848:
4846:Cleric regular
4843:
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4841:
4831:
4829:Canons regular
4826:
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4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4789:
4784:
4778:
4776:
4770:
4769:
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4707:
4706:
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4703:
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4693:
4688:
4682:
4680:Mucknell Abbey
4677:
4672:
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4662:
4657:
4652:
4646:
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4068:Beta Sigma Psi
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4034:
4032:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4022:Walsrode Abbey
4019:
4014:
4012:Medingen Abbey
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3973:
3971:
3970:Women's orders
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3781:
3767:
3766:External links
3764:
3763:
3762:
3744:(5): 631ā650.
3731:
3713:(4): 602ā618.
3700:
3691:
3675:
3657:
3647:(3): 387ā408.
3634:
3622:
3608:
3602:
3589:
3570:(4): 134ā143.
3557:
3547:
3529:Chadwick, Owen
3524:
3523:
3519:
3518:
3509:
3497:Bechert, Heinz
3493:
3482:
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3476:
3475:
3449:
3419:
3406:
3388:
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3334:
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3198:
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3118:
3099:
3083:
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3033:
3021:The Law of God
3012:
2994:
2979:
2964:
2929:
2914:
2876:(3): 645ā664.
2843:
2799:
2780:(2): 375ā399.
2761:
2757:Quebec Studies
2748:
2719:
2706:
2699:
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2646:
2621:
2592:
2576:www.vatican.va
2563:
2547:www.vatican.va
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2370:www.vatican.va
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2017:
2011:
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1994:
1989:
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1749:Jain monastics
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1514:People of the
1496:Main article:
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1402:East Grinstead
1319:Main article:
1316:
1313:
1292:, such as the
1274:
1271:
1227:Rehburg-Loccum
1199:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1168:
1163:Nikolai Nevrev
1148:
1147:
1140:Great Schema ā
1137:
1123:
1105:
1074:Main article:
1062:Divine Liturgy
946:Main article:
943:
940:
939:
938:
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908:King Philip II
899:
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875:Main article:
872:
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852:Main article:
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832:
821:
814:
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806:
799:
722:evangelization
718:social service
613:
610:
602:religious name
542:
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482:, January 2009
454:Dominican nuns
411:Temporary vows
378:
375:
347:religious vows
316:Armand Gautier
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63:of the subject
61:worldwide view
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8155:Saint Francis
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8138:Saint Dominic
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7873:Vatican Radio
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7858:Vatican Media
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7159:
7156:
7155:List of popes
7151:
7147:
7144:
7141:
7137:
7133:
7129:
7125:
7118:
7112:
7109:
7107:
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6976:
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6955:
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6940:
6939:Mother of God
6937:
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6854:
6852:
6848:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6836:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6824:People of God
6822:
6820:
6819:
6815:
6813:
6812:Infallibility
6810:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6797:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
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6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6688:Body and soul
6686:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6673:
6672:
6669:
6668:
6666:
6662:
6659:
6656:
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6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6591:Enlightenment
6589:
6587:
6584:
6578:
6575:
6574:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6564:
6563:
6562:Protestantism
6560:
6559:
6557:
6555:
6551:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6539:Scholasticism
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6524:Schism (1378)
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6509:Schism (1054)
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
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6483:
6477:
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6220:
6219:White Sisters
6217:
6214:
6211:
6208:
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6199:
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5847:
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5841:
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5831:
5828:
5825:
5822:
5819:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5805:
5802:
5799:
5798:Redemptorists
5796:
5793:
5790:
5787:
5784:
5781:
5778:
5775:
5772:
5769:
5766:
5763:
5760:
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5707:
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5683:
5680:
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5525:
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5512:
5504:
5493:
5490:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5476:
5473:
5470:
5469:Servite Order
5467:
5464:
5461:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5447:
5444:
5441:
5438:
5435:
5432:
5429:
5426:
5423:
5420:
5417:
5414:
5411:
5408:
5405:
5402:
5399:
5396:
5393:
5390:
5387:
5384:
5381:
5378:
5375:
5372:
5369:
5366:
5363:
5360:
5357:
5354:
5351:
5348:
5345:
5342:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5330:
5328:
5320:
5316:
5309:
5304:
5302:
5297:
5295:
5290:
5289:
5286:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5263:
5260:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5248:Monastic cell
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5219:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5201:
5198:
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5188:
5187:
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5179:
5176:
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5171:
5167:
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5163:
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5159:
5153:
5150:
5149:
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5135:
5133:
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5125:
5121:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
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5089:
5087:
5085:
5081:
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5067:
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5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5011:Contemplation
5009:
5008:
5006:
5004:
5000:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4958:Chapter house
4956:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4940:
4936:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4885:
4881:
4876:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4854:
4853:Congregations
4851:
4847:
4844:
4840:
4839:Second orders
4837:
4836:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4823:
4822:Idiorrhythmic
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4804:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4795:
4794:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4775:
4771:
4767:
4763:
4756:
4751:
4749:
4744:
4742:
4737:
4736:
4733:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4714:
4708:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4686:
4683:
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4494:Malling Abbey
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4018:
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3998:
3995:
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3992:Ebstorf Abbey
3990:
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3878:
3875:
3869:
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3854:
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3847:
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3842:Martin Luther
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3662:
3661:Power, Eileen
3658:
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3614:
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3603:1-872480-14-4
3599:
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3569:
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3548:9780198269199
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3453:
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3423:
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3410:
3404:
3400:
3397:
3392:
3378:on 2007-09-28
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2700:9780674034884
2696:
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2663:
2660:
2656:
2650:
2635:
2631:
2625:
2611:on 2018-11-22
2610:
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2222:
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2188:
2183:
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2169:
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2157:
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2145:
2130:
2126:
2125:anunslife.org
2122:
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2054:
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2047:
2036:
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2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1969:
1962:
1960:
1955:
1946:
1944:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1920:Dharmaguptaka
1917:
1913:
1909:
1899:
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1885:
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1695:
1688:
1685:
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1678:
1674:
1671:Lay devotee (
1670:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1655:modern female
1654:
1651:
1650:dasa sil mata
1647:
1643:
1639:
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1422:
1421:General Synod
1418:
1414:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
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1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1340:
1335:
1327:
1322:
1312:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1300:. Nearly all
1299:
1295:
1291:
1283:
1279:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1259:Martin Luther
1254:
1251:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1231:Ebstorf Abbey
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1208:
1207:Ebstorf Abbey
1204:
1198:Protestantism
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1126:Stavrophore ā
1124:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
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1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1003:
999:
995:
994:
989:
985:
977:
972:
966:
962:
958:
954:
949:
936:
933:
932:
931:
928:
926:
920:
916:
913:
909:
905:
895:
893:
889:
885:
878:
868:
866:
862:
855:
848:United States
838:
833:
829:
825:
818:
813:
810:
803:
798:
797:
796:
794:
790:
785:
784:
778:
774:
769:
765:
763:
759:
758:congregations
755:
751:
747:
742:
740:
739:Pope Leo XIII
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
714:Pope Leo XIII
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
686:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
647:precinct wall
644:
640:
639:contemplation
635:
633:
629:
628:"solemn" vows
625:
619:
609:
607:
603:
599:
594:
591:
587:
583:
578:
576:
572:
567:
562:
560:
556:
552:
548:
538:
536:
532:
527:
526:contemplative
523:
519:
515:
511:
505:
503:
496:
492:
491:Mother Teresa
488:
481:
477:
473:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
374:
372:
368:
363:
359:
358:Divine Office
355:
350:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
317:
313:
311:
305:
297:
290:
286:
279:
275:
271:
266:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
235:are known as
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
159:
148:
139:
128:
119:
99:
96:
88:
78:
74:
70:
64:
62:
55:
46:
45:
40:
33:
19:
8301:Universities
8133:Third orders
8096:Associations
8086:Visitandines
8081:Trinitarians
8031:Mercedarians
8016:Hieronymites
7961:Camaldoleses
7946:Benedictines
7936:Augustinians
7896:
7889:
7882:
7863:Vatican News
7817:Distinctions
7623:Syro-Malabar
7508:Latin Church
7430:Grand master
7328:Metropolitan
7225:Vatican City
7120:Organisation
6999:Philosophers
6864:Confirmation
6841:In canon law
6835:Subsistit in
6833:
6829:Three states
6816:
6777:
6770:Ecclesiology
6752:Nova Vulgata
6750:
6708:Original sin
6703:Nicene Creed
6693:Divine grace
6652:
6534:Universities
6504:Papal States
6431:Great Church
6373:Resurrection
6350:Early Church
6233:Third orders
5721:Mechitarists
5532:Augustinians
5434:Mercedarians
5368:Bridgettines
5362:Benedictines
5127:Grand master
4077:Other topics
4031:Mixed orders
3909:Men's orders
3860:
3831:Verbi Sponsa
3830:
3820:
3817:Nuns article
3809:
3801:
3793:
3785:
3741:
3735:
3710:
3704:
3695:
3688:(1): 82ā100.
3685:
3679:
3665:
3644:
3638:
3626:
3612:
3593:
3567:
3561:
3533:
3513:
3504:
3488:
3460:
3452:
3441:. Retrieved
3432:
3422:
3414:
3409:
3391:
3380:. Retrieved
3376:the original
3366:
3355:. Retrieved
3346:
3337:
3329:the original
3319:
3302:
3283:
3274:
3267:. Retrieved
3257:
3250:
3238:. Retrieved
3234:the original
3229:
3220:
3201:
3185:
3181:
3161:
3144:
3102:
3091:
3086:
3066:
3057:
3050:. Retrieved
3036:
3020:
3015:
3006:
2988:
2982:
2973:
2967:
2945:(1): 24ā40.
2942:
2938:
2932:
2923:
2917:
2906:. Retrieved
2873:
2869:
2821:
2817:
2777:
2773:
2756:
2751:
2740:. Retrieved
2731:
2722:
2717:(2013), ch 8
2714:
2709:
2680:
2672:
2654:
2649:
2638:. Retrieved
2624:
2613:. Retrieved
2609:the original
2604:
2595:
2584:. Retrieved
2575:
2566:
2555:. Retrieved
2546:
2537:
2526:. Retrieved
2517:
2508:
2495:, chapter 11
2492:
2485:
2472:, chapter 11
2469:
2462:
2453:
2446:
2436:
2407:. Retrieved
2398:
2389:
2378:. Retrieved
2369:
2360:
2349:. Retrieved
2340:
2331:
2320:. Retrieved
2311:
2302:
2269:. Retrieved
2241:. Retrieved
2232:
2201:
2182:
2163:
2144:
2133:. Retrieved
2124:
2115:
2107:
2103:
2094:
2086:
2082:
2071:. Retrieved
2062:
1952:
1942:
1939:
1928:
1905:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1868:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1830:
1822:
1820:
1813:
1807:
1806:) have more
1801:
1794:
1788:
1672:
1658:
1633:
1612:
1576:
1534:
1527:
1479:
1471:
1468:Presbyterian
1463:
1458:
1455:
1436:
1432:
1409:
1406:
1386:
1382:
1363:
1344:
1306:
1287:
1255:
1247:
1223:Loccum Abbey
1212:
1175:
1158:
1144:Great Schema
1139:
1125:
1118:) and veil (
1108:Rassaphore ā
1107:
1081:
1070:
1066:
1048:(but do not
1019:
1013:
1009:
997:
991:
981:
957:Saint Sophia
929:
921:
917:
901:
880:
857:
793:Verbi Sponsa
792:
788:
777:Verbi Sponsa
776:
773:code of 1983
770:
766:
761:
753:
749:
743:
687:
657:rather than
636:
631:
623:
621:
595:
579:
563:
561:of Germany.
544:
506:
499:
419:
380:
351:
320:
307:
291:and her nuns
274:St. Benedict
272:, sister of
255:Christianity
225:Presbyterian
201:Christianity
198:
173:
171:
91:
82:
58:
8291:Health care
8277:Pax Christi
8229:Schoenstatt
8194:Sant'Egidio
8026:Legionaries
8006:Franciscans
7981:Cistercians
7976:Carthusians
7931:Annonciades
7790:Altarpieces
7683:West Syriac
7678:East Syriac
7658:Alexandrian
7282:Holy orders
7263:Swiss Guard
7203:Dicasteries
7198:Roman Curia
7096:Evangelists
7054:Holy Family
6989:Personalism
6979:Natural law
6957:Josephology
6891:Holy orders
6529:Inquisition
6486:Middle Ages
6476:Monasticism
6444:Constantine
6368:Crucifixion
6040:Poor Clares
5786:Passionists
5645:Gabrielites
5422:Franciscans
5392:Cistercians
5386:Carthusians
5207:Lay brother
4993:Scriptorium
4142:Alton Abbey
3946:Ordo Crucis
3052:20 November
2341:www.pddm.us
2009:Monasticism
1926:long time.
1863:as well as
1861:enlightened
1684:Householder
1588:Nun trainee
1374:Holy Orders
1315:Anglicanism
1273:Lutheranism
1263:John Calvin
1134:prayer rule
1096:or a black
1046:confessions
925:solemn vows
710:Pope Pius V
679:Poor Clares
671:Augustinian
643:monasteries
446:Poor Clares
430:Camaldolese
426:Cistercians
422:Benedictine
415:solemn vows
371:Third Order
362:lay sisters
278:Benedictine
270:Scholastica
260:Catholicism
85:August 2021
8362:Asceticism
8346:Categories
8046:Oratorians
8001:Dominicans
7971:Carmelites
7966:Camillians
7914:institutes
7727:Tridentine
7663:Antiochian
7583:Macedonian
7528:Belarusian
7418:Provincial
7333:Archbishop
7253:Roman Rota
7215:Properties
7140:By country
7136:Precedence
7101:Confessors
7081:Archangels
7071:Patriarchs
6971:Philosophy
6949:Veneration
6914:Assumption
6884:Last rites
6851:Sacraments
6795:Four marks
6606:Vatican II
6554:Modern era
6390:Succession
6231:See also:
5872:Brigidines
5662:Josephites
5650:Holy Cross
5611:(OFM Conv)
5597:Claretians
5556:Camillians
5538:Barnabites
5416:Dominicans
5380:Carmelites
5374:Canossians
5228:Asceticism
5102:Provincial
5026:Meditation
4919:Solemn vow
4914:Profession
4834:Mendicants
4007:LĆ¼ne Abbey
3457:Lori Meeks
3443:2013-06-05
3382:2007-06-22
3357:2022-12-14
3240:23 October
3206:What We Do
3031:), p. 618.
3029:0884650448
2908:2019-12-14
2742:2018-02-14
2689:. p.
2640:2014-05-09
2615:2018-11-22
2586:2018-11-22
2557:2018-11-22
2528:2018-02-14
2409:2018-02-14
2380:2018-02-14
2351:2018-05-24
2322:2018-05-24
2271:2018-02-14
2243:2018-02-14
2215:, CIC 1983
2196:, CIC 1983
2177:, CIC 1983
2158:, CIC 1983
2135:2019-03-04
2073:2021-09-10
2042:References
1809:Patimokkha
1803:bhikkhunis
1584:SikkhamÄnÄ
1516:PÄli Canon
1378:ordination
1347:Henry VIII
1094:apostolnik
1036:, or even
771:Since the
762:religiosae
734:Napoleonic
724:, both in
706:tertiaries
698:Pope Leo X
616:See also:
596:After the
541:Leadership
502:Carmelites
450:Franciscan
8287:See also:
8239:Charities
8148:Discalced
8076:Trappists
8071:Theatines
8041:Olivetans
7986:Clarisses
7956:Blue nuns
7941:Basilians
7918:societies
7826:See also:
7712:Mozarabic
7702:Ambrosian
7688:Malankara
7673:Byzantine
7633:Ukrainian
7608:Ruthenian
7573:Hungarian
7558:Ethiopian
7533:Bulgarian
7500:sui iuris
7484:Postulant
7393:Religious
7348:Auxiliary
7343:Coadjutor
7313:Patriarch
7181:Cardinals
7128:Canon law
7124:Hierarchy
7106:Disciples
7029:Relations
7017:Evolution
7008:See also:
6953:See also:
6906:Mariology
6896:Matrimony
6869:Eucharist
6790:Ecumenism
6718:Salvation
6654:Catechism
6649:Tradition
6611:Communism
6459:Chalcedon
6213:Ursulines
5915:Felicians
5815:Salesians
5569:(OFM Cap)
5567:Capuchins
5544:Basilians
5486:Trappists
5200:Postulant
5178:Anchorite
5031:Mysticism
4988:Refectory
4978:Hermitage
4939:Monastery
4907:Obedience
4807:Cenobitic
3758:148067468
3727:148045770
3621:266 pages
3584:151828886
3522:Catholics
3269:1 October
3196:, p. 151.
2898:144464752
2489:Cited in
2457:, p. 17).
2288:Canon 667
2206:Canon 657
2187:Canon 655
2168:Canon 656
2149:Canon 648
1997:Deaconess
1847:bhikkhuni
1831:bhikkunis
1827:Theravada
1646:thilashin
1566:Bhikkhuį¹Ä«
1498:Bhikkhunī
1476:Methodism
1250:Deaconess
1243:Bursfelde
1219:Negenborn
1188:Jerusalem
1184:Ein Karem
1058:presbyter
1054:blessings
1038:patriarch
1010:igumanija
1006:ŠøŠ³ŃŠ¼Š°Š½ŠøŃŠ°
965:Schemanun
824:Basankusu
789:Cor Orans
677:nuns and
675:Carmelite
667:Dominican
575:monastery
522:Maryknoll
514:the Bronx
466:obedience
434:Trappists
403:novitiate
399:professed
387:monastery
354:monastics
237:Bhikkhuni
233:monastics
223:and some
182:monastery
73:talk page
8331:Category
8224:Opus Dei
8209:Scouting
8199:Focolare
8066:Servites
8051:Piarists
7996:Crosiers
7732:Anglican
7668:Armenian
7598:Romanian
7588:Maronite
7563:Georgian
7553:Eritrean
7538:Chaldean
7523:Armenian
7518:Albanian
7399:Superior
7358:Emeritus
7338:Diocesan
7191:Advisers
7150:Holy See
7076:Prophets
7034:Politics
6805:Catholic
6785:Councils
6640:Theology
6519:Crusades
6454:Nicaea I
6385:Apostles
6363:Ministry
6332:Timeline
6312:Glossary
5615:Crosiers
5459:(OPraem)
5436:(O de M)
5333:Alexians
5152:Basilian
5120:Prioress
5092:Superior
5074:Vestment
5069:Scapular
5064:Cornette
4963:Cloister
4902:Chastity
4817:Enclosed
4802:Monastic
4712:articles
3849:Archived
3775:Archived
3663:(1922).
3531:(1981).
3503:(1991).
3468:Archived
3463:(2010)
3437:Archived
3399:Archived
3351:Archived
3291:Archived
3263:Archived
3209:Archived
3170:Archived
3139:of nuns.
3133:Archived
3111:Archived
3075:Archived
3046:Archived
2902:Archived
2794:20477841
2736:Archived
2662:Archived
2634:Archived
2580:Archived
2551:Archived
2522:Archived
2498:Archived
2475:Archived
2429:Archived
2403:Archived
2374:Archived
2345:Archived
2316:Archived
2291:Archived
2265:Archived
2237:Archived
2209:Archived
2190:Archived
2171:Archived
2152:Archived
2129:Archived
2100:"Sister"
2067:Archived
1965:See also
1954:Hokke-ji
1916:Gelongma
1895:Zhaijiao
1843:Thailand
1837:Thailand
1823:bhikkuni
1815:bhikkhus
1791:Buddhist
1742:Nigaį¹į¹ha
1726:BrÄhmaį¹a
1706:Wanderer
1602:Samaį¹ÄrÄ«
1596:Samaį¹era
1492:Buddhism
1396:and the
1130:humility
1116:Exorassa
1112:tonsured
1090:Isorassa
1082:Novice ā
1015:igumenia
998:hegumeni
906:, which
750:monialis
663:cloister
641:. These
624:monialis
586:scapular
547:canoness
462:chastity
442:prioress
391:vocation
323:Catholic
245:bhikkhus
229:Buddhist
221:Anglican
217:Lutheran
205:Catholic
67:You may
8296:Schools
8252:Caritas
8160:Secular
8126:Workers
8021:Jesuits
7807:Museums
7802:Library
7780:Writers
7775:Artists
7755:Culture
7722:Paul VI
7603:Russian
7593:Melkite
7435:Brother
7413:General
7353:Titular
7323:Primate
7301:Eparchy
7291:Diocese
7238:Outline
7177:College
7167:Francis
7111:Virgins
7086:Martyrs
7012:Science
6919:History
6874:Penance
6859:Baptism
6760:Worship
6733:Vulgate
6681:Kingdom
6676:Trinity
6664:General
6419:Primacy
6327:History
6307:Outline
5794:(OSPPE)
5394:(OCist)
5388:(OCart)
5382:(OCarm)
5238:Tonsure
5137:Brother
5097:General
5084:Members
4968:Convent
4897:Poverty
4812:Chapter
4764:in the
4710:Related
2959:3201923
2890:3789215
2838:2544609
2659:excerpt
2657:(2015)
1945:robes.
1931:Vietnam
1852:mae chi
1733:Brahmin
1717:Ascetic
1712:ÄjÄ«vika
1560:Bhikkhu
1535:English
1394:Wantage
1050:absolve
1002:Serbian
993:hegumen
988:Russian
974:Nun in
888:dowries
720:and to
571:convent
478:at the
458:poverty
367:oblates
339:charism
321:In the
186:convent
8174:Fimcap
8116:Marian
8036:Minims
7768:Marian
7618:Syriac
7613:Slovak
7543:Coptic
7479:Oblate
7474:Master
7469:Novice
7464:Hermit
7452:Sister
7408:Abbess
7375:Deacon
7370:Priest
7365:Parish
7308:Bishop
7278:Polity
7064:Joseph
7046:Saints
6713:Saints
6601:Nazism
6054:(RSCJ)
6031:(ODNC)
6025:(OMVF)
5992:(SMIC)
5917:(CSSF)
5891:(FHIC)
5885:(CSST)
5879:(CSIC)
5843:Female
5829:(FSSR)
5800:(CSsR)
5776:(OSFS)
5741:(MSFS)
5729:(MCCI)
5658:(CSSp)
5641:(MFVA)
5587:(CICM)
5494:(OSST)
5488:(OCSO)
5406:(SSCC)
5376:(FDCC)
5370:(OSsS)
5326:female
5212:Porter
5195:Oblate
5190:Master
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5173:Hermit
5161:Sister
5132:Rector
5111:Abbess
5036:Rosary
5003:Prayer
4983:Priory
4973:Double
4797:Orders
4787:Hermit
3756:
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3582:
3555:online
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3096:online
3027:
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2035:SÄdhvÄ«
2025:Priest
1943:gelong
1923:vinaya
1879:Taiwan
1796:sangha
1700:Samaį¹a
1673:m., f.
1642:Maechi
1634:m., f.
1613:m., f.
1609:Novice
1543:Sangha
1427:, and
1339:Sweden
1235:Uelzen
1165:, 1886
1086:novice
1034:bishop
1030:priest
1021:typica
976:Gradac
961:Suzdal
871:Canada
830:, 2013
726:Europe
655:friars
649:. The
590:wimple
566:abbess
438:abbess
432:, and
335:friars
308:Three
219:, and
8272:CIDSE
8121:Youth
7845:Media
7812:Music
7737:Zaire
7717:Roman
7707:Braga
7697:Latin
7568:Greek
7440:Friar
7404:Abbot
7318:Major
7233:Index
7132:Laity
6698:Dogma
6645:Bible
6621:Islam
6577:Trent
6358:Jesus
6340:Legal
6302:Index
6215:(OSU)
6209:(SSS)
6203:(sss)
6192:(SPC)
6186:(RSJ)
6155:(RSM)
6103:(RGS)
6066:(SSJ)
6060:(RVM)
6042:(OSC)
6009:(MSC)
5998:(ICM)
5980:(MSC)
5969:(LGC)
5923:(MPF)
5852:(ASC)
5835:(CFX)
5823:(SJM)
5817:(SDB)
5806:(RCJ)
5782:(OFM)
5770:(OMV)
5764:(OMI)
5753:(MSC)
5747:(MOP)
5723:(CAM)
5717:(FMS)
5711:(SSE)
5705:(SVD)
5681:(MIC)
5664:(SSJ)
5652:(CSC)
5635:(CFR)
5629:(OAD)
5623:(FSC)
5617:(OSC)
5605:(CST)
5599:(CMF)
5593:(SSS)
5581:(CDD)
5575:(CFC)
5552:(FDM)
5546:(CSB)
5534:(OSA)
5523:(CRM)
5471:(OSM)
5430:(IVE)
5424:(OFM)
5412:(OCD)
5400:(NDS)
5364:(OSB)
5346:(OAR)
5221:Other
5142:Friar
5116:Prior
5107:Abbot
5046:Habit
4953:Abbey
4774:Types
4643:Mixed
4257:women
3819:from
3754:S2CID
3723:S2CID
3580:S2CID
3553:also
3311:(PDF)
2955:JSTOR
2894:S2CID
2886:JSTOR
2834:JSTOR
2790:JSTOR
1949:Japan
1902:Tibet
1621:Laity
1484:is a
1366:laity
1357:(see
1341:2019.
1217:near
1102:habit
1098:scarf
1026:abbot
984:Greek
754:soror
659:monks
632:soror
582:tunic
551:canon
448:(the
395:habit
331:monks
314:, by
75:, or
8352:Nuns
7797:Folk
7445:Monk
7186:List
7164:Pope
7059:Mary
6149:(SV)
6087:(DC)
6048:(MC)
5986:(MM)
5858:(AC)
5788:(CP)
5735:(MS)
5699:(SM)
5693:(SM)
5687:(SJ)
5670:(LC)
5558:(MI)
5514:Male
5477:(SA)
5465:(SC)
5448:(CS)
5442:(MC)
5418:(OP)
5358:(BC)
5352:(BA)
5340:(AA)
5322:Male
5147:Monk
5059:Coif
5021:Mass
4944:List
4884:Vows
3598:ISBN
3543:ISBN
3271:2011
3242:2023
3190:ISBN
3150:ISBN
3072:here
3054:2017
3025:ISBN
2695:ISBN
2605:Crux
2014:Monk
2003:Miko
1789:All
1573:Monk
1529:Pali
1480:The
1307:The
1296:and
1237:and
1221:and
744:The
702:Rule
673:and
464:and
407:vows
280:nuns
268:St.
194:vows
8111:Lay
7763:Art
7457:Nun
7179:of
6671:God
6235:of
5540:(B)
5324:and
5166:Nun
4255:For
4135:men
4133:For
3844:'s
3746:doi
3715:doi
3649:doi
3572:doi
2947:doi
2878:doi
2826:doi
2782:doi
2691:104
2435:in
1841:In
1577:Nun
1400:at
1241:in
1225:in
1000:);
959:of
512:in
440:or
385:or
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