343:" ("excessive") and "writing", and as the name suggests, means using extra words that add little value. One rhetoric professor described it as "a wordy writing style characterized by excessive detail, needless repetition, overwrought figures of speech, and/or convoluted sentence structures." Another writer cited "meaningless intensifiers", "adjectival & adverbial verbosity", "long conjunctions and subordinators", and "repetition and needless information" as common traps that the non-native writers of English the author studied fell into.
1328:
551:
decisions, for example, "A balance must be struck between judgments which are inadequately reasoned and too terse, cryptic and formulaic, and decisions (especially when multiple judgments are given by an appellate court) which are too long and difficult to unravel." In such cases attention should be paid to the argument underlying a conclusion, so that the language used strikes a balance between simplicity and precision.
50:
615:, for instance, notes that authors striving to reduce verbosity might produce prose that is unclear in its message or dry in style. "There's no vivid world where every character speaks in one-line, three-word sentences," he notes. There is a danger that the avoidance of prolixity can produce writing that feels unnatural or sterile.
408:
published a 229-page parody of postmodern writing titled "Pomobabble: Postmodern
Newspeak and Constitutional 'Meaning' for the Uninitiated". The article consists of complicated and context-sensitive self-referencing narratives. The text is peppered with a number of parenthetical citations and asides,
546:
In contrast to advice against verbosity, some editors and style experts suggest that maxims such as "omit needless words" are unhelpful. It may be unclear which words are unnecessary, or where advice against prolixity may harm writing. In some cases a degree of repetition and redundancy, or use of
550:
In nonfiction writing, experts suggest that a balance must be struck between, on one hand removing excessive elements that do not aid communication, versus unduly terse style on the other hand, which fails to make its meaning clear. Law professor Neil
Andrews suggests that in the writing of legal
507:
says, "It is the second-rate writers, those intent rather on expressing themselves prettily than on conveying their meaning clearly, & still more those whose notions of style are based on a few misleading rules of thumb, that are chiefly open to the allurements of elegant variation," Fowler's
570:
that he "had never been known to use a word that might send the reader to the dictionary." Hemingway responded by saying, "Poor
Faulkner. Does he really think big emotions come from big words? He thinks I don't know the ten-dollar words. I know them all right. But there are older and simpler and
606:
Objective consideration of contemporary phenomena compels the conclusion that success or failure in competitive activities exhibits no tendency to be commensurate with innate capacity, but that a considerable element of the unpredictable must invariably be taken into
538:
found that using long and obscure words does not make people seem more intelligent. Dr. Daniel M. Oppenheimer did research which showed that students rated short, concise texts as being written by the most intelligent authors. But those who used long words or complex
597:
I returned and saw under the sun, that the race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, neither yet bread to the wise, nor yet riches to men of understanding, nor yet favour to men of skill; but time and chance happeneth to them
1535:
his almost compulsive need to solve puzzles, his provocative mischievousness, his indignant impatience with pretension and hypocrisy, and his talent for one-upping anybody who tries to one-up him
490:
Many style guides advise against excessive verbosity. While it may be rhetorically useful verbose parts in communications are sometimes referred to as "fluff" or "fuzz". For instance,
431:
received yesterday and to-day
General Baron von Beck.... It may therefore be assumed with some confidence that the terms of a feasible solution are maturing themselves in
558:(1835–1910) wrote "generally, the fewer the words that fully communicate or evoke the intended ideas and feelings, the more effective the communication." Similarly
314:, "to chatter". The adjective may describe a person who is excessively talkative, especially about trivial matters, or a speech that is excessively wordy or diffuse
1312:
351:
An essay intentionally filled with "logorrhea" that mixed physics concepts with sociological concepts in a nonsensical way was published by physics professor
71:
700:
459:, "is to set readers wondering what the significance of the change is, only to conclude that there is none." Fowler would go on to call this phenomenon "
1056:
969:
58:
494:, an American professor of English advised in 1918 to "Use the active voice: Put statements in positive form; Omit needless words."
1246:
1605:
1513:
1435:
1390:
1225:
1148:
499:
826:
1406:
1140:
Investigations into Magic, an
Edition and Translation of Martín Del Río's Disquisitionum magicarum libri sex: Volume 6
1479:
1290:
1254:
578:
1082:
1343:"Consequences of Erudite Vernacular Utilized Irrespective of Necessity: Problems with using long words needlessly"
527:
found that verbosity can be dangerous if used by emergency services. It can lead to delay that could cost lives.
399:, described Harding's speeches as "an army of pompous phrases moving across the landscape in search of an idea."
372:
The term is sometimes also applied to unnecessarily wordy speech in general; this is more usually referred to as
392:
547:
figurative language and long or complex sentences can have positive effects on style or communicative effect.
1610:
1265:(that is, using synonyms wherever possible), which purists consider to be essential for good style in French.
250:
to describe prose that is hard to understand because it is needlessly complicated or uses excessive jargon.
611:
In contrast, though, some authors warn against pursuing concise writing for its own sake. Literary critic
1282:
524:
1342:
1300:
French tends to avoid repetition of proper names, with a description of the person, at second reference.
1382:
362:
1032:
1279:
The
Translator's Handbook: (with special reference to conference translation from French and Spanish)
17:
1327:
1615:
785:
735:
913:
856:
63:
705:
512:. Contrary to Fowler's criticism of several words being used to name the same thing in English
269:
31:
1425:
1376:
1503:
1467:
1241:
Paterson, Ann (2006). "Painting with words". In
Eugenia Loffredo, Manuela Perteghella (ed.).
685:
664:
414:
180:, "wordy". There are many other English words that also refer to the use of excessive words.
110:
1060:
914:"Definition and Examples of Overwriting : Glossary of Grammatical and Rhetorical Terms"
1590:
1176:
939:
535:
396:
265:
1471:
1168:
8:
714: – Intentionally confusing wording to confuse people apart from an intended audience
504:
404:
101:, is speech or writing that uses more words than necessary. The opposite of verbosity is
30:
This article is about the linguistic and stylistic term. For the psychological term, see
1180:
1121:
805:
1600:
1102:
1014:
586:
380:, a matter of artistic preference, or helpful in explaining complex ideas or messages.
1566:
Dan Lyons, "On Mute: Overtalkers are everywhere – but saying less will get you more",
435:
mind and may form the basis of further negotiations with
Hungarian party leaders when
1595:
1509:
1475:
1431:
1386:
1286:
1250:
1221:
1144:
961:
891:
460:
388:
1243:
Translation And
Creativity: Perspectives on Creative Writing And Translation Studies
1620:
1585:
1357:
1214:
1094:
1006:
951:
870:
567:
559:
119:
1083:"Pomobabble: Postmodern Newspeak and Constitutional "Meaning" for the Uninitiated"
1568:
1460:
1164:
1138:
830:
789:
708: – Communication disorder that causes excessive wordiness and repetitiveness
676:
619:
517:
956:
554:
A number of writers advise against excessive verbosity in fiction. For example,
658:
640:
491:
285:
281:
231:
174:
726: – Prose text that is overwritten in a way that disrupts a narrative flow
1579:
1548:
965:
767:
625:
Wordiness is common in informal or playful conversation, lyrics, and comedy.
612:
574:
199:
1410:
982:
723:
691:
582:
366:
102:
38:
688: – Phrase which appeals to positive emotion without supporting reason
333:, "to wander". They refer to enlarging a discourse, text, or description.
729:
711:
649:
563:
480:
472:
357:
1106:
741:
634:
555:
531:
352:
247:
115:
1018:
340:
256:
is a linguistic style that involves the use of long words. Roman poet
1361:
732: – Level of ease with which a reader can understand written text
670:
420:
409:
which is supposed to mock the cluttered style of postmodern writing.
195:
1098:
1010:
717:
475:
is quoted as saying "Big book, big evil" (μέγα βιβλίον μέγα κακόν,
1137:
Valverde, José; Maxwell-Stuart, Peter; Río, Martín (2022-12-28).
667: – Seemingly tangential discussion that returns to the point
509:
209:
49:
940:"Writing Intelligible English Prose: Conciseness vs. Verbosity"
566:
for literature, defended his concise style against a charge by
484:
257:
208:
is complex speech or writing judged to be pompous or bombastic
455:
all refer to the same person: "the effect", he pointed out in
292:
words a foot long). The earliest recorded usage in
English of
74:
of all important aspects of the article. The reason given is:
590:
513:
395:, was notably verbose even for his era. A Democratic leader,
377:
1313:"7/7 inquests: emergency services should use plain English"
997:
Stern, Aurthur A. (1967). "How to write less efficiently".
540:
243:
239:
198:
or speech, especially a formal address such as a lawyer's
37:
For verbosity in computing and user interface design, see
1136:
622:
has spoken out against verbosity in scientific writing.
1173:
On writing well: An informal guide to writing nonfiction
1572:, vol. 201, nos. 3–4 (30 Jan., 6 Feb. 2023), pp. 62–66.
1546:
696:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
681:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
654:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
645:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1120:
Fowler, Henry Watson; Fowler, Francis George (1908).
27:
Speech or writing that uses more words than necessary
738: – Information that is expressed more than once
701:
List of Germanic and Latinate equivalents in English
376:. Some people defend the use of additional words as
673: – Writing principle of eliminating redundancy
246:") is an excessive flow of words. It is often used
1459:
1213:
762:
760:
520:, it might be thought to be a good writing style.
784:
581:" (1946) by taking verse (9:11) from the book of
1577:
661: – Ambiguous or roundabout figure of speech
1163:
757:
652: – Mexican actor and filmmaker (1911–1993)
1423:
850:
571:better words, and those are the ones I use."
194:can also be used to refer to the length of a
1547:Charles (Carlos) Fabara (19 December 2020).
1505:2012 Novel & Short Story Writer's Market
1374:
1119:
339:is a simple compound of the English prefix "
76:Only two of the four sections are summarized
1501:
1340:
720: – Redundancy in linguistic expression
1192:
1190:
955:
911:
851:Simpson, J. A.; Weiner, E. S. C. (1989).
679: – Limestone Block in Blarney Castle
212:. It is a combination of the Latin words
164:
1508:. Penguin Publishing Group. p. 31.
1240:
992:
990:
637: – Empty, pompous, political speech
443:Fowler objected to this passage because
1528:
1457:
108:Some teachers, including the author of
14:
1578:
1424:Rovit, Earl; Waldhorn, Arthur (2006).
1276:
1211:
1196:
1187:
122:, among others, famously avoided it.
70:Please consider expanding the lead to
1080:
996:
987:
976:
937:
694: – Nonsensical speech or writing
543:types were seen as less intelligent.
516:, in many other languages, including
1427:Hemingway and Faulkner in Their Time
1216:A Dictionary of Modern English Usage
972:from the original on 26 August 2021.
500:A Dictionary of Modern English Usage
346:
114:, warn against verbosity. Similarly
43:
1533:. Vintage Random House. p. 9.
912:Nordquist, Richard (2 April 2018).
24:
1560:
1081:Arrow, Dennis W. (December 1997).
365:. The episode became known as the
310:, "talkative", a form of the verb
25:
1632:
1531:Surely you're joking, Mr. Feynman
1059:. The White House. Archived from
806:"Dictionary.com - Grandiloquence"
579:Politics and the English Language
1529:Feynman, Richard (Nov 1, 1992).
1326:
125:Synonyms of "verbosity" include
48:
1550:The Concise Expression Handbook
1540:
1522:
1495:
1451:
1417:
1399:
1368:
1341:Oppenheimer, Daniel M. (2005).
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1049:
1025:
466:
62:may be too short to adequately
1212:Fowler, Henry Watson (1994) .
1175:. New York: Harper & Row.
931:
905:
892:"Dictionary.com - expatiation"
884:
863:
844:
819:
798:
778:
744: – Extremely rapid speech
471:The ancient Greek philosopher
418:, Fowler gives a passage from
393:president of the United States
72:provide an accessible overview
13:
1:
1606:Language varieties and styles
853:The Oxford English Dictionary
794:. London: T. Boys. p. 9.
751:
643: – Bingo-style word game
463:" in his later style guides.
1409:. Search.com. Archived from
1350:Applied Cognitive Psychology
871:"Dictionary.com - Garrulous"
424:as an example of verbosity:
7:
1462:The Yale Book of Quotations
1283:Penn State University Press
1033:"Word of the Day: Bloviate"
957:10.29110/soylemdergi.617184
628:
383:
10:
1637:
1430:. Continuum. p. 162.
1383:Cambridge University Press
1315:. Telegraph. 10 March 2011
1277:Fuller, Frederick (1984).
894:. Dictionary.reference.com
873:. Dictionary.reference.com
808:. Dictionary.reference.com
363:scholarly publishing sting
36:
29:
1458:Shapiro, Fred R. (2006).
1407:"Reference for Prolixity"
508:term for the over-use of
1197:Strunk, William (1918).
736:Redundancy (linguistics)
477:mega biblion, mega kakon
276:, "one and a half", and
1220:. Wordsworth Editions.
1037:www.merriam-webster.com
944:Söylem Filoloji Dergisi
857:Oxford University Press
788:; Reuben Percy (1826).
768:"Removing Word Clutter"
439:goes again to Budapest.
329:, past participle from
938:Demír, Cuneyt (2019).
706:Logorrhea (psychology)
609:
600:
562:(1899–1961), the 1954
530:A 2005 study from the
441:
165:Etymology and synonyms
32:Logorrhea (psychology)
1468:Yale University Press
1375:Neil Andrews (2015).
1199:The Elements of Style
686:Glittering generality
665:Circumstantial speech
604:
595:
577:mocked logorrhea in "
487:in favor of his own.
426:
111:The Elements of Style
1611:Literary terminology
1502:Adria Haley (2011).
1143:. BRILL. p. 1.
602:and rewriting it as
536:Princeton University
525:2005 London bombings
523:An inquiry into the
457:Modern English Usage
397:William Gibbs McAdoo
1201:. Paris: Feedbooks.
1181:1994wwai.book.....Z
1087:Michigan Law Review
1057:"Warren G. Harding"
999:The English Journal
855:(Second ed.).
827:"Ars Poetica, l.97"
791:The Percy Anecdotes
505:Henry Watson Fowler
405:Michigan Law Review
296:is in 1656, and of
262:sesquipedalia verba
1261:. . . the rule of
1126:. Clarendon Press.
1123:The King's English
587:King James Version
415:The King's English
284:", a reference to
260:coined the phrase
1515:978-1-59963-242-1
1437:978-0-8264-1825-8
1413:on July 16, 2011.
1392:978-1-107-06168-2
1298:Elegant variation
1263:elegant variation
1227:978-1-85326-318-7
1150:978-90-04-46896-2
479:), rejecting the
461:Elegant variation
389:Warren G. Harding
347:Scientific jargon
306:comes from Latin
298:sesquipedalianism
254:Sesquipedalianism
186:comes from Latin
155:sesquipedalianism
92:
91:
16:(Redirected from
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983:The Sokal Affair
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325:come from Latin
120:Ernest Hemingway
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677:Gift of the gab
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1285:. p. 35.
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641:Bullshit bingo
638:
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564:Nobel laureate
534:department of
492:William Strunk
468:
465:
385:
382:
355:in a journal (
348:
345:
294:sesquipedalian
220:("to speak").
216:("great") and
206:Grandiloquence
190:, "extended".
166:
163:
139:grandiloquence
90:
89:
66:the key points
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1063:on 2012-07-26
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724:Purple prose
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39:Verbose mode
1591:Phraseology
1487:28 February
1443:28 February
772:Roane State
730:Readability
712:Obfuscation
650:Cantinflear
473:Callimachus
453:the Monarch
449:His Majesty
445:The Emperor
437:the Monarch
429:The Emperor
391:, the 29th
358:Social Text
337:Overwriting
319:expatiation
266:Ars Poetica
234:λογόρροια,
173:comes from
159:overwriting
147:expatiation
99:verboseness
1580:Categories
1470:. p.
1067:2013-01-23
1042:2023-03-29
898:2013-01-23
877:2013-01-23
836:2 February
812:2013-01-21
752:References
742:Tachylalia
635:Bloviation
618:Physicist
556:Mark Twain
532:psychology
353:Alan Sokal
327:expatiātus
268:. It is a
236:logorrhoia
228:logorrhoea
116:Mark Twain
1601:Semantics
1247:Continuum
966:2548-0502
923:18 August
918:ThoughtCo
671:Concision
483:style of
421:The Times
378:idiomatic
374:prolixity
323:expatiate
317:The noun
304:Garrulous
224:Logorrhea
196:monologue
192:Prolixity
184:Prolixity
171:verbosity
169:The word
151:logorrhea
135:prolixity
127:wordiness
95:Verbosity
64:summarize
18:Wordiness
1596:Rhetoric
1319:11 March
1167:(1994).
970:Archived
718:Pleonasm
629:See also
607:account.
510:synonyms
384:Examples
331:spatiārī
308:garrulus
300:, 1863.
270:compound
188:prolixus
178:verbosus
131:verbiage
1621:Writing
1586:Grammar
1177:Bibcode
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585:in the
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312:garrīre
264:in his
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210:diction
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258:Horace
230:(from
157:, and
1346:(PDF)
1103:JSTOR
1015:JSTOR
591:Bible
514:prose
341:over-
286:meter
232:Greek
218:loqui
175:Latin
97:, or
1569:Time
1510:ISBN
1489:2011
1476:ISBN
1445:2011
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1387:ISBN
1321:2011
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1251:ISBN
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1145:ISBN
962:ISSN
925:2021
838:2011
598:all.
541:font
481:epic
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282:foot
244:flux
240:word
118:and
1472:354
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290:not
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278:pes
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