Controversies surrounding Yasukuni Shrine

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the emergence of controversy over constitutional validity of the visit by the prime minister or the emperor in regard to the separation of state and religion. This claim is no longer valid in the light of the revelation. Secondly, Yasukuni and its lay organisation Izokukai probably have to make alterations to their stance somewhat. Both organisations have clearly expressed their wish for a visit by the current emperor. Recent rulings by the Supreme Court have also indicated that visits by the prime minister or the emperor are constitutional. However, it is now clear that the controversy over the enshrinement of class A war criminals has to be resolved. Moreover, though the emperor is the highest authority of Shinto, he does not exercise direct control of any Shinto shrine including Yasukuni. However, Yasukuni ideology is clearly in favour of the pre-war arrangement in which the emperor was the official head of Shinto. Thirdly, the revelation clearly shifts the focus of the controversy to the enshrinement of class A war criminals, meaning that the issue of the separation between the state and the church is no longer the main focus. The public opinion is split between those on the left who advocate for the removal and those on the right who nonetheless object to the removal.

399:, established in 1947. The original purpose of the Izoku Kōsei Renmei was "pursuing the end of warfare, establishing global peace and world prosperity and contributing to the welfare of the humanity." They sought "to provide relief and assistance to the families of those who died in the (Asia Pacific) war ". The organization provided assistance to the widows, orphans and aging parents of deceased veterans as well as lobbying the government on behalf of those families' interests. However, in 1953 the organization became a trust foundation and changed its name to Izokukai. The organization changed its main purpose to pursue "the establishment of a peaceful Japan, the cultivation of character, and the promotion of morality" and to "seek to praise 1337:

government already conducts yearly secular commemoration services at the Budokan for the families of soldiers killed in World War II. Afterwards, these families usually make private visits to Yasukuni Shrine, which is located within walking distance. Since the proposed memorial site is geographically distant, were the ceremony to be relocated to the proposed memorial site such visits would be made more difficult. A number of families of the names listed at the shrine have indicated that the controversy is disturbing the peaceful rest of their dead family members and that they wish to pay homage to them without controversy and media attention.

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criminals despite receiving, in 1966, the list of war dead compiled by the government containing their names. "What's on the mind of Matsudaira's son, who is the current head priest?". "Matsudaira had a strong wish for peace, but the child didn't know the parent's heart. That's why I have not visited the shrine since. This is my heart", Matsudaira is believed to refer to Yoshitami Matsudaira, who was the grand steward of Imperial Household immediately after the end of World War II. His son, Nagayoshi, succeeded Fujimaro Tsukuba as the chief priest of Yasukuni and he decided to enshrine the war criminals in 1978.

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government cannot force Yasukuni Shrine to do so (owing to the separation of church and state). Moreover, the shrine is adamant that once a kami has been housed at the shrine, it cannot be separated. The one method which is suggested as theologically valid is to abolish the entire enshrinement, then repeat the entire enshrinement rite of kami since the Boshin War without including the A class war criminals. Some argue that selective abolishment of enshrinement is technically possible, as there are several precedents of selective de-enshrinement in the Tokugawa era. The Shinto processes of

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his country? The international community should remain vigilant and issue a warning ... that Abe must correct his erroneous outlook of history, he must correct his mistakes and he must not slip further down the wrong path." In response, Japan's UN Ambassador Motohide Yoshikawa said: "Abe visited Yasukuni Shrine to pay his respects and pray for the souls of the war dead and renew the pledge that Japan shall never again wage war. It was nothing more and nothing less."

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whose leaders refused to meet with Abe during this time. He said on December 9, 2013, that "it is natural that we should express our feelings of respect to the war dead who sacrificed their lives for the nation... but it is my thinking that we should avoid making political and diplomatic issues." In lieu of visiting, Abe sent ritual offerings to the shrine for festivals in April and October 2013, as well as the anniversary of the end of World War II in August 2013.

1759:. The man, Liu Qiang, served a 10-month sentence in South Korea for the embassy attack. Japan formally asked South Korea to extradite him, and China informally requested repatriation of their citizen. Liu stated that he was motivated by "antihumanitarian acts by militaristic Japan," and said that his (South Korean) maternal grandmother had been a sex slave for Japanese soldiers during the war and his great-grandfather had been tortured to death for protesting. 1490:

precious lives and hoped that they rest in peace," and said he had "no intention to neglect the feelings of the people in China and South Korea." The Chinese government published a protest that day, calling government visits to the shrine "an effort to glorify the Japanese militaristic history of external invasion and colonial rule and to challenge the outcome of World War II." Chinese Ambassador to Japan, Cheng Yonghua, stated in an article published in the

908: 961: 879: 759: 501:, visited the shrine in April 2006 before he took office. Although this visit concerned both Chinese and South Korean governments, Abe remained vague as to whether he had visited or would visit the shrine in the future. Subsequent events have led some to suggest that a compromise on the issue was reached with China. Abe publicly supported his predecessor's visits to the shrine, and he made at least one visit to the shrine during his term as prime minister. 33: 775: 1277:. The issue is somewhat different than that of visits by the German Chancellor to the Holocaust Memorial, which are explicitly made in the context of a state visit. Prime Minister Koizumi gave a somewhat cryptic answer, stating that he visited the shrine as Junichiro Koizumi, the Prime Minister of Japan. Some consider such statement as a move towards making visits somewhat official; others consider that it is pointing out that the whole issue of 1079: 1062: 742: 677: 623: 823: 895: 856: 690: 650: 978: 1028: 607: 791: 1317:. Defenders of (private) visits by the Prime Minister point out that, regardless, there is no other venue to pay respect to the fallen in Japan, so that the Prime Minister as well as the large number of Japanese who visit the shrine have no choice. Moreover, most people (including the Prime Minister) who visit Yasukuni deliberately avoid entering the museum so that the visit remains religious rather than political. 924: 1377:. This was widely interpreted as a reaction to a statement by Koizumi the day before Wu's arrival that foreign countries should not interfere in Japan's domestic affairs, including the Yasukuni issue. Wu's visit was meant to improve strained relations between the two countries following the textbook controversy, and she had planned to ask Koizumi to stop his visits to the shrine. 1420:, a World War II veteran serving as the Republican chairman of the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on International Relations, wrote a letter to House Speaker Dennis Hastert in May 2006 urging that Koizumi only be allowed to speak at the U.S. Capitol if he agreed not to visit Yasukuni on the following anniversary of Japan's surrender. Hyde's Democratic counterpart 378:), the largest organization representing the families of war dead from World War II. The most critical issue with many Asian nations that were invaded by Japan is that the Shrine was a meeting place for the Japanese elite to stir-up a frenzy among the Japanese public, before their military went on what was routinely a war of merciless conquest over what they considered 1226:

Taiwanese from leaving their buses, citing measures to prevent clashes between the two groups. After about an hour and a half, the Taiwanese group gave up their attempt. Kao Chin Su-mei and her group reportedly received death threats related to their visit, prompting the Taiwanese government to request Japanese authorities ensure her safety while in Japan.

55:. Most of the dead served the Emperors of Japan during wars from 1867 to 1951 but they also include civilians in service and government officials. It is the belief of Shinto that Yasukuni enshrines the actual souls of the dead, known as kami in Japanese. The kami are honoured through liturgical texts and ritual incantations known as Norito. 74:(eleven men were convicted of Class A war crimes; one was charged with Class A but found guilty of lesser Class B war crimes); a further two men were charged with Class A but died before or during trial so were never convicted as war criminals. Because of the decision to honour individuals who were found responsible for serious breaches of 1209:

government, and the removal of remains would violate Shinto beliefs, the requests were denied. In Shinto, a body cannot be removed once it is placed into a shrine to be worshipped as a "kami". This shows that Yasukuni is a different facility from the national cemetery where bereaved families have religious freedom and veto rights.

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They spam the Yasukuni shrine webpage to overwhelm them and basically prevent them from being accessible. Some of these attacks reached as high as 15,000 pings per second. Cyber attacks against the shrine have also included sending mass emails that appear to have originated from the shrine with viruses to third parties.

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agreed to set up a cross-party "group for pushing forward the establishment of a national memorial facility" to bring about the foundation of a secular war memorial dedicated only to "ordinary" soldiers. This would replace Yasukuni Shrine as the home of Japan's war dead. The group was set to meet for

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in the list of war dead honored there by saying, "At some point, Class-A criminals became enshrined, including Matsuoka and Shiratori. I heard Tsukuba acted cautiously", Tsukuba is believed to refer to Fujimaro Tsukuba, the former chief Yasukuni priest at the time, who decided not to enshrine the war

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is somewhat meaningless. Some journals and news reports, such as one made by Kyodo News Agency on August 15, 2006, question whether in the case of Koizumi's visits, which are consistently claimed by Koizumi to be private, can be considered individual in nature when they are part of a campaign pledge,

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Yasukuni Shrine is a privately owned Shinto shrine located in the heart of Tokyo, Japan. The Meiji Emperor built the shrine in 1886 to house the remains and souls of those who died in civil conflicts. The shrine is now the memorial site for over 2.5 million people who have died in conflict,

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In April 2007, he made a ceremonial offering to the shrine, but did not actually visit himself. According to official reports the offering was made by Abe as a private citizen rather than in an official capacity, although it was reported that the card attached to the floral offering was signed Prime

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made widely publicized annual visits to the shrine while in office. The official position of the Japanese government was that he visited as an individual citizen "to express respect and gratitude to the many people who lost their lives in the war," and not for the sake of gratifying war criminals or

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is explicit. Because the clause was written for the express purpose of preventing the return of State Shinto, many question the constitutionality of the Prime Minister visiting Yasukuni Shrine. Often the first question Japanese prime ministers are asked by journalists after a visit is, "Are you here

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In some cases, requests by survivors and their families to have their names removed from the Yasukuni have been denied, leading to litigation. Koreans and Taiwanese who were forced to fight in the war are also listed on the Yasukuni as deity of Japan, some of whom survived the war, and Japanese from

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The inclusion of 14 convicted Class-A war criminals in the shrine has resulted in controversy, particularly after the visits of Japanese prime ministers. China and at times South Korea have also objected to the shrine, as prior to World War II, Japan controlled the Korean Peninsula and parts of

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Beginning with Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi's annual visits to the shrine, the shrine experienced regular cyber attacks in the early 2000s. These attacks have been found to originate from Chinese servers in China and involve Chinese-language spam with viruses. These attacks serve two functions.

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On March 29, 2007, a book of documents was released by Japan's National Diet Library called "A New Compilation of Materials on the Yasukuni Shrine Problems" including declassified documents from the Occupational Government, the Japanese Health and Welfare Ministry and Yasukuni Shrine. The documents

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claimed that she had taken a trip to visit Yasukuni Shrine, located near her workplace, which upset many citizens of nations that Japan had victimized during its imperialistic era. She apologized afterwards, saying that she was unaware of the controversy on the enshrinement of war criminals in the

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Another commentator stated that there are three immediate impacts of the memo. Firstly, the explanation of the suspension of the imperial visit offered by the right is no longer sustainable. Those on the right of Japanese politics had attributed the reason for the emperor's suspension of visits to

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said in taking the issue to the UN: "It all boils down to whether the leader of a country should stand on the side of maintaining the principles and purposes of the charter of the UN or to side with war criminals. The question inevitably arises as to what Abe is up to, where does he intend to take

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Another proposal is to create a separate secular memorial where the prime minister can make official state visits for memorial purposes. Critics point out that groups representing families of the war dead express no interest in such a memorial, preferring Yasukuni Shrine. Furthermore, the Japanese

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attempted to visit Yasukuni Shrine with the sponsorship of the Japan Catholic Council for Justice and Peace. Their intention was to peacefully request the removal of their relatives from the shrine, and to pray for the return of their ancestors' souls. Request to perform religious rites within the

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One of the criteria for enshrinement at Yasukuni is that a person be listed as having died of any cause while on duty in the war dead registry of the Japanese government. According to documents released on March 28, 2007, by the National Diet Library of Japan, Health and Welfare Ministry officials

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A number of proposals have been made to alleviate controversy. One is to somehow "remove" the controversial spirits and place them in a different location so that visits to Yasukuni Shrine would not be as politically charged. This proposal has been strongly pushed by China and Korea. The Japanese

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While campaigning for the presidency of the LDP in 2012, Abe said that he regretted not visiting the shrine while prime minister. He again refrained from visiting the shrine during the first year of his second stint as prime minister in consideration for improving relations with China and Korea,

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visited the shrine several times before and after his first stint as prime minister, but did not visit at all during his first term as prime minister from September 2006 to September 2007. Abe not visiting the shrine prompted a Japanese nationalist named Yoshihiro Tanjo to cut off his own little

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The government of the People's Republic of China has been the most vocal critic of the shrine and some Japanese observers have suggested that the issue of Yasukuni Shrine is just as heavily tied to China's internal politics as it is to the historical conduct of Japan's military and the perceived

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On December 26, 2011, a man attempted to burn down a 13-meter high gate column at Yasukuni. The incident was captured on video and the fire quickly put out by security staff. Japanese police gained an arrest warrant for a 37-year-old Chinese man, who had been arrested earlier the same month for

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openly criticised Japanese politicians' visits to the shrine, and proposed that the 14 Class A war criminals be moved to a different location. He said, "If that option is realized, I will not express opposition to visits to Yasukuni Shrine (by Koizumi or other Japanese leaders)". Kim noted that

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the government had no say in who is enshrined. In addition, Vice Minister of Health, Labor, and Welfare Tsuji Tetsuo told reporters that the former ministry was "in charge of keeping the personal records of soldiers and civilian employees of the military, and with presenting records as the need

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to block them from the shrine and prevent them from performing spirit-calling religious rituals within the property the Shrine objected. Japanese police allowed the protesters to remain on the grounds because their entrance to the shrine was not objected by the shrine; however they blocked the

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as prime minister took place on December 26, 2013, the first anniversary of his second term in office. It was the first visit to the shrine by a sitting prime minister since Junichiro Koizumi visited in August 2006. Abe said that he "prayed to pay respect for the war dead who sacrificed their

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Japanese courts have rejected these lawsuits several times. Numerous requests have been made by groups in other countries to remove the remains of the 14 war criminals or their own family members from the shrine, but as the shrine is owned by a private religious institution rather than the

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The views expressed by Yasukuni Shrine through its museum and website are also controversial. Both sites make it clear that Yasukuni Shrine does not regard the conduct of Japan during World War II as an act of aggression but rather a matter of self-defence and a heroic effort to repel

364:. A second is that Japanese Class-A war criminals are honored at the Shrine and more importantly - that their wartime genocidal, crimes against humanity, etc. criminal actions are absolved of culpability. Another factor is the influence of various support organizations, especially the 1152:

memorial, so that those wishing to honor Japan's military dead do not have to visit Yasukuni, have thus far failed, ostensibly for technical details rather than the rejection of a secular memorial. The Japanese government conducts yearly memorial services to commemorate the War in

3772:"-Does your majesty feel responsibility for the war itself, including the opening of hostilities ? -I can't answer that kind of question because I haven't thoroughly studied the literature in this field, and so I don't really appreciate the nuances of your words." H. Bix, 407:, is regarded as giving a nationalist slant to the character of the organization. Chairmen of the organization have usually been members of the governing Liberal Democratic party and the organization is regarded as the informal pipeline between the LDP and the Shrine. In 1962, 1672:

For journalist Masanori Yamaguchi, who analyzed the "memo" and comments made by the emperor in his first-ever press conference in 1975, his evasive and opaque attitude about his own responsibility for the war and the fact that he said that the bombing of Hiroshima

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General opinions in Japan of the politicians' visits have varied significantly, with the percentages of those who approve ranging from as low as 38% in telephone surveys to as high as 71% on the internet. In a 2015 self-administered survey by

1455:, minister in charge of gender equality and Okinawa-related issues, ultimately visited the shrine in an apparent effort to avoid a rare absence of all Cabinet members at Yasukuni on the anniversary of Japan's official World War II surrender. 1136:, who visited six times (2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2006). Visits by Japanese prime ministers to the shrine have resulted in official condemnation by neighbouring countries since 1985, as they see it as an attempt to legitimize 1451:. Abe, who at this point had not disclosed whether he himself intended to go, commented "Paying homage at the Yasukuni temple, or not, is up to the individual, even for a Cabinet member. I expect people to use their own discretion." 1305:, negates Japanese war crimes, and recommends the revision of the Constitution and school textbooks as well as visits by prime ministers to the Shrine. The chief priest of the shrine, Yasuhisa Tokugawa (also the great-grandson of 1147:

politicians insist that visits are protected by the constitutional right to freedom of religion and that it is appropriate for legislators to pay their respects to those fallen in war. However, proposals for the construction of a

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was one of the most outspoken and controversial visitors. On October 17, 2005, Koizumi visited the shrine for the fifth time since taking office. Although he claimed that his visit was a private affair, it came only days before

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The political overtones of Yasukuni Shrine are attributed to 4 factors. One is the ideology of State Shinto, which regarded any wars waged in the name of the emperor as just and anyone who died fighting for the emperor as an

2910: 3444: 403:, to promote the welfare of the families of the war dead, and to seek recognition and compensation for civilian auxiliary units." The change, which removed the mention of international pacifism and inserted a reference to 189:

On October 17, 1978, fourteen men who had been charged with Class A war crimes—eleven were convicted as Class A war criminals, one was convicted of Class B, two died before completing trial—were enshrined as "Martyrs of

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franchise, posted an image depicting multiple employees visiting Yasukuni Shrine. The tweet was deleted shortly after due to backlash from Chinese and South Korean Twitter users, which included calls for a boycott.

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The U.S. government criticized the prime minister on December 12, expressing disappointment that he went ahead with the visit despite Vice President Joe Biden's request that he not visit the Yasukuni Shrine.

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convicted of some level of war crime after World War II and a further two were charged with war crimes but died before their trials were completed. Enshrinement typically carries absolution of earthly deeds.

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The controversial nature of the shrine has figured largely in both domestic Japanese politics and relations with other Asian countries. The controversy has been reignited nearly every year since 1975, when

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All imprisoned war criminals either had their sentences commuted or were released by 1958. The enshrinement was revealed to the media on April 19, 1979, and a still-ongoing controversy started in 1985.

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that "Japanese leaders visiting the Yasukuni Shrine concerns their understandings of the aggressive war’s nature and responsibility, which absolutely can not be accepted by the Chinese side." The

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vowed never to visit the shrine, a commitment applauded by Japan's Asian neighbors. Fukuda's open political opposition to the shrine led to improved relations with China, North and South Korea

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The decision as to who is enshrined at Yasukuni remains a religious activity. The practice started when State Shinto was controlled and managed by the civilian and then military governments of

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expressed apprehension about the possible infringement of freedom of expression and as a result of the politicians' protests, only about 10 theaters would screen the movie, and none in Tokyo.

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was the reason. Tomita wrote down the contents of his conversations with the emperor in his diaries and notebooks in detail. He left 12 diaries (1975–1986) and some 20 notebooks (1986–1997).

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On November 23, 2015, at around 10 am, a restroom near the shrine's southern entrance was damaged by a bomb explosion. Chon Chang-han, a South Korean man, was arrested on December 9.

2918: 136:. The Yasukuni priesthood have complete religious autonomy over deciding whom they bestow enshrinement. It is thought that enshrinement is permanent and irreversible by the current 3452: 3699: 1221:

Yasukuni property were refused and they were blocked from entering Yasukuni by Japanese protesters and police. A demonstration was organized by a group of more than one hundred

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authorities for large-scale public protests in mainland China against the shrine contrasts strongly with the authority exercised against any kind of domestic political dissent.

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beliefs, provides a permanent residence for the spirits of those who have fought on behalf of the emperor, regardless of whether they died in combat. 1,066 of the enshrined

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is diligently reported. All Prime Ministers have so far stated that their visit was private. However, although some leave the signature section blank or sign it as

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exist specifically to remove a kami from its shrine and re-enshrine it elsewhere, but typically leave the kami at the originating shrine intact and unchanged.

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also pressed for an end to the visits, stating that "paying one's respect to war criminals is morally bankrupt and unworthy of a great nation such as Japan."

2376: 1540: 3253: 1157:("Martial Arts Hall", a secular building) which is near Yasukuni shrine, so that the attendees can later visit Yasukuni Shrine privately if they so wish. 2722: 526:

has vowed never to visit the shrine. Fukuda's open political opposition to the shrine has helped improve relations with China, and North and South Korea.

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argued in an editorial that the visit could "cast a dark shadow" on relations with the United States and other countries in addition to China and Korea.

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which in nature is political. Currently, most of the Japanese public and most jurists have agreed that there have been no constitutional violations yet.

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as a private person or as Prime Minister?" In addition, whether the Prime Minister has signed the visitors' book indicating the position of signatory as

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According to the memorandum, the emperor Hirohito expressed his anger and strong displeasure in 1988 at the decision made by Yasukuni Shrine to include

1197:. "Class-A" war criminals are those who are charged with "crimes against peace" while Class-C criminals are charged with crimes against humanity. 482:

blasted Koizumi's visits, asking, "What would European people think if German leaders were to visit (memorials) related to Hitler and Nazis?" In 2006,

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in 2001 to consider building a new memorial facility that could replace Yasukuni Shrine and enable anyone to worship there without hesitation.

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visited the shrine as a private individual on August 15, the day that Japan commemorates the end of World War II. The next year, his successor

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Tomohiko Tomita, Hirohito stated that the reason he stopped visiting the shrine was because of the decision to enshrine class A war criminals.

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sent an offering to the shrine, but did not visit himself. On April 21, 2023, Prime Minister Kishida sent a religious offering to the site.

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made annual personal non-governmental visits from 2001 to 2006. Since 1985, China, North Korea, and South Korea have protested such visits.

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ordered the entire cabinet not to visit the shrine on the anniversary of Japan's surrender, and said he had no plans to visit personally.

2744: 17: 3835: 2887: 1444:. Although Abe publicly supported his predecessor's visits to the shrine he did not visit the shrine himself during his term in office. 551:, 66% of the respondents did not see a problem with the visits while 15.7% opposed them completely. A 2006 public opinion poll taken by 1982: 3613: 2344: 1950: 883: 2207: 1447:

In August 2007, the 16 members of Abe's cabinet all declared they had no intention of visiting the shrine on the anniversary of the

2151: 1542:. However, a group of 62 Diet members from the Liberal Democratic Party and the People's New Party, including former farm minister 436: 3003: 3506: 2322: 1509:, the EU's foreign policy chief, released a statement saying that the move does nothing to improve relations with its neighbors. 1143:

Visits to the shrine are also controversial in the domestic debate over the proper role of religion in Japanese government. Some

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are related to the choice of Japanese people to visit this Shinto shrine and war museum in central Tokyo. The shrine is based on

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On January 3, 2013, the Seoul High Court declined Japan's extradition request, and on the following day Liu returned to China.

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and offend American veterans of World War II if he were to give a Congressional speech after making another visit to Yasukuni.

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purportedly draw a connection between the Japanese Government and the war criminal enshrinement. According to Prime Minister

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and that it was natural to visit. The United States responded on October 3 of the same year, when U.S. Secretary of Defense

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responded by canceling the scheduled visit as they consider the shrine a glorification of Japan's past military aggression.

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and unapologetic approach Japan has taken towards its conduct during World War II. This has made visits to the shrine by

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stated in his first press conference that his cabinet would continue the policy of not making official visits. In 2022,

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On December 29, the Singapore government expressed regret over the Japanese prime minister's visit to Yasukuni Shrine.

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shrine. A few months after her visit, amid significant pressure from Chinese fans, some Chinese video games such as

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In 2014, Shinzo Abe, 15 of the 18 members of his cabinet, and 289 of 480 Diet members were affiliated to the openly

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and Yasukuni representatives agreed during a meeting, on January 31, 1969, that Class-A war criminals judged at the

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One controversy of political visits to the shrine is the constitutionality of visits by the Prime Minister. In the

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refused to visit the shrine from 1978 until his death in 1989. According to a memorandum released in 2006 kept by

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There is in fact a memorial to the Japanese (unidentified) war dead within walking distance of Yasukuni, called

157:"A New Compilation of Materials on the Yasukuni Shrine Problems" has been entered into the Library of Congress. 4024:

Japanese anime star Ai Kayano sparks anger on China's social media after visit to controversial Yasukuni Shrine

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in 1992, which visit was kept secret until 1996 (he had paid a visit in 1980 before becoming Prime Minister);

2847:"Sergi Korsensky, the Ukrainian ambassador to Japan, visited the Yasukuni Shrine in Tokyo, where Clas.. - MK" 1403: 1124:

in 1983 and 1985 (on the latter occasion, he offered flowers which had been paid for with government money);

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http://www.korea.net/News/News/LangView.asp?serial_no=20070329019&lang_no=1&part=110&SearchDay=

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interpretation. A documentary-style propaganda video shown to museum visitors portrays Japan's conquest of

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A group of 62 Diet members from the Liberal Democratic Party and the People's New Party, including former

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during the pre-World War II period as an effort to save the region from the imperial advances of colonial

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by Chinese-born director Ying Li about the links between the shrine and right-wing movements such as the

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had died the previous year (July 10, 2005), which is speculated as a reason for the release of the memo.

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were "able to be honored" as decided by the Shrine Priests and decided not to make this decision public.

3677: 3116:"Basic Position of the Government of Japan Regarding Prime Minister Koizumi's Visits to Yasukuni Shrine" 1932: 1108:

visited as a private individual yet signed the visitors' book as prime minister. Several other Japanese

915: 2479: 2431: 942: 694: 3561:"MFA Spokesmans Comments in response to media queries on Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abes visit to" 2614: 2123: 1996: 557:

also found that half of the respondents supported Koizumi's visit to the shrine while 37% opposed it.

2250: 1728:. Those lawmakers had asked for a preview on the ground that the movie could be "anti-Japanese". The 1694: 1642: 1554: 860: 655: 427: 3271: 1399:. Koizumi made his final visit as prime minister on August 15, 2006, shortly before his retirement. 52: 3027: 2526: 1882:"Заявление МИД России об ответных мерах в отношении членов Палаты представителей Парламента Японии" 1729: 1161: 3927:

South Korean ‘admitted’ to setting explosives at Yasukuni Shrine: police sources December 10, 2015

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cut short her visit to Japan and flew home before a planned meeting with Japanese prime minister

1177: 1109: 747: 115: 103: 2795:"Uyghur Human Rights Leader Rebiya Kadeer Pays Solidarity Visit To Fukushima Disaster Survivors" 2636: 1290: 1049: 863: 763: 681: 516: 512: 491: 335: 3115: 2561: 3542: 2245: 1235: 1066: 1032: 581: 411:, a militant member of the LDP and a convicted class A war criminal, was appointed chairman. 2428:"Commentary: Japanese lawmakers' visit to notorious shrine exposes cowardice of politicians" 3823: 3815: 3800: 3759: 3323: 2414: 2180: 2065: 2034: 1957: 1899: 1661: 1646: 1633: 1314: 779: 553: 470:

Koizumi's annual visits continued to draw criticism from around the world. During the 2005

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The Fox and the Jewel: Shared and Private Meanings in Contemporary Japanese Inari Worship.

1482:, noting that Chidorigafuchi is the most similar facility in Japan to Arlington Cemetery. 306: 261: 8: 3626: 2217: 1896:"Paper: Yasukuni, state in '69 OK'd war criminal inclusion | the Japan Times Online" 1783: 1543: 1213: 1137: 952: 899: 628: 533: 419:

Japanese politicians' visits to worship at Yasukuni Shrine have resulted in controversy.

275: 129: 63: 3785: 3004:"At Yasukuni Shrine, People Pray for the Dead; Leave Politics Out of It | JAPAN Forward" 1637:

front-paged an article about the discovery of a memorandum detailing the reason Emperor

1442: 221: 2966: 1448: 1410: 1370: 1306: 948: 945: 844: 830: 811: 782: 456: 3746: 3700:"Japan ministers visit war shrine as South Korea calls for end to historical tensions" 3467:"Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe visits controversial Yasukuni Shrine for war dead" 3217: 2272: 1595: 847: 253: 3889: 3875: 3861: 3294:"Abe unlikely to visit Yasukuni by year-end in consideration for ties with neighbors" 3247: 3232:"Abe on Yasukuni: 'To pay homage or not is up to the individual' - Japan News Review" 3199: 3095: 3087: 2893: 2878: 2820: 2004: 1976: 1391: 1374: 1202: 1133: 1129: 1121: 1036: 983: 710: 611: 448: 441: 118: 3999:"Pokémon's Creatures, Inc. in Hot Water Over Visit to Controversial Yasukuni Shrine" 225: 3079: 1654: 1623:, has not visited the shrine since becoming emperor (and has since continued after 1616: 1592: 1506: 1491: 1194: 1084: 986: 827: 798: 339: 315: 265: 107: 3890:"Yasukuni arson suspect leaves Seoul for China; Abe issues regret January 5, 2012" 2984: 3909: 3203: 2505: 2317: 2185: 2156: 2128: 2097: 2070: 1721: 1707: 1650: 1620: 1463: 1217: 1125: 1113: 994: 766: 289: 174: 125: 43: 2874:

Strong Society, Smart State: The Rise of Public Opinion in China's Japan Policy.

1519:

wrote a post on Facebook denouncing shrine visits as rubbing salt in the wound.

1176:

degree of its remorse for its actions. They state that tolerance on the part of

3578: 1674: 1566: 1558: 1547: 1452: 1154: 1098: 1061: 1044: 1002: 929: 663: 636: 589: 537: 3484: 2780: 237: 4041: 2381: 1570: 1406:

responded to Koizumi's 2005 visit by canceling a scheduled visit to China by

1070: 937: 838: 806: 733: 705: 614: 594: 573: 430: 331: 319: 257: 229: 111: 1585:

visited the shrine to pay his respects to his elder brother Lee Teng-ching (

1309:, the last shōgun), is a member of Nippon Kaigi's representative committee. 233: 3415:"Abe's Yasukuni visit could cast dark shadow on Japanese foreign diplomacy" 3324:"Press Conference by the Chief Cabinet Secretary Thursday, October 3, 2013" 2723:"Le Pen, European Nationalists Visit Tokyo's Yasukuni Shrine to Honor Dead" 1725: 1717: 1582: 1536: 1516: 1302: 1294: 1222: 1164: 1117: 1105: 1019: 822: 814: 717: 598: 523: 508: 408: 389:

lay organization. The Izokukai was formerly known as the Izoku Kōsei Renmei

285: 282:

Died before a judicial decision was reached (owing to illness or disease):

242: 71: 48: 3653:"Japan PM Kan sends signal to Asian neighbors by shunning Yasukuni Shrine" 3103: 1842: 1160:

On his first visit to Japan since leaving office in February 2003, former

191: 51:, as opposed to traditional Japanese Shinto, and has a close history with 3930: 3913: 3137:

http://mdn.mainichi-msn.co.jp/national/news/20060815p2a00m0na001000c.html

2846: 2349: 2212: 1471: 969: 641: 543:

On April 23, 2013, a group of 169 Japanese lawmakers visited the shrine.

479: 217: 183: 91: 87: 3485:"Посещение японским премьером храма Ясукуни вызывает сожаление у Москвы" 1416:

Koizumi's visits also provoked negative reactions in the United States.

3903:

Explosion damages restroom at Tokyo’s Yasukuni Shrine November 23, 2015

1486: 1475: 1433: 1421: 1417: 1298: 1101: 548: 511:

visited the Shrine to pay tribute to his older brother who died in the

498: 483: 150: 32: 3722:"Japan PM Kishida sends ritual offering to war-linked Yasukuni shrine" 1788: 334:. The museum has no mention of any of the atrocities committed by the 1809: 1803: 1797: 1562: 1550:, a special adviser to Fukuda, visited the shrine on April 22, 2008. 1523: 1462:

On May 19, 2013, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said in an interview with

960: 907: 878: 758: 327: 3234:. February 20, 2012. Archived from the original on February 20, 2012 2942:"What Is a 'Class-A War Criminal'? More on the Yasukuni Controversy" 2453: 1627:), instead choosing to send a lesser member of the royal household. 2888:

Powerful Patriots: Nationalist Protest in China's Foreign Relations

2276: 1813:

had removed her voice work from their games in the Chinese server.

1641:

stopped visiting Yasukuni. The memorandum, kept by former chief of

1638: 1628: 1561:

pledged not to visit so long as war criminals are enshrined there.

1169: 774: 423: 137: 3579:"Ma condemns Japanese leaders' visit to war shrine - Focus Taiwan" 2008: 1329: 382:

peoples and that genocide was a central component in that effort.

2720: 2012: 1933:"Japan Didn't Push for Yasukuni to Honor War Criminals (Update4)" 1779: 1645:

Tomohiko Tomita, confirms for the first time the enshrinement of

1149: 1078: 741: 676: 622: 460: 3360:"Statement by Prime Minister Abe – Pledge for everlasting peace" 3946:"Pokémon Studio Criticized After Visiting Controversial Shrine" 3507:"Biden asked Abe not to visit Yasukuni war shrine, says report" 2506:"11th Japan-China Joint Opinion Poll Analysis Report (page 32)" 1323: 1027: 1010: 725: 689: 649: 606: 166: 83: 1608:

in Japanese, who is among the 27,863 Taiwanese honored there.

870: 3973:"Pokemon Studio Under Fire For Visiting Controversial Shrine" 3445:"S. Korea condemns Abe's 'anachronistic' visit to war shrine" 2911:"Japan's Suga makes offering at war shrine but doesn't visit" 2208:"China expresses concern over reported Abe visit to Yasukuni" 1756: 923: 894: 855: 790: 475: 79: 3200:

Severed pinkie sent to LDP to protest Abe's Yasukuni no-show

2313:"This page has been removed | News | the Guardian" 4027: 1619:

did not visit Yasukuni from 1978 until his death. His son,

1557:

governments between 2009 and 2012 also avoided the shrine.

977: 750: 471: 170: 3543:"The Implications of Abe's Yasukuni VIsit | Research" 2406: 2404: 3824:

http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20080401f1.html

3816:

http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20080405a1.html

3801:

http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fl20080408zg.html

3760:"Hirohito visits to Yasukuni stopped over war criminals" 3525:"US 'disappointed' by Japanese PM's visit to war shrine" 2415:

http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20080423a5.html

2299:"Japan wants talks with China, Korea on Yasukuni Shrine" 2093:"Hirohito visits to Yasukuni stopped over war criminals" 1823:

Controversies regarding the role of the Emperor of Japan

718:

Post-war, prior to enshrinement of Class A war criminals

322:), which some observers have criticized as presenting a 3862:"Warrant issued for Yasukuni arsonist January 19, 2012" 2821:"China morning round-up: Uighur talks in Tokyo opposed" 2401: 2066:"Notes on Yasukuni and a week that will live in infamy" 2684: 1755:

throwing Molotov cocktails at the Japanese embassy in

3876:"Yasukuni fire suspect spouts gripe December 1, 2012" 3786:

http://www.janjan.jp/government/0607/0607228359/1.php

3342:"Kerry at 'Japan's Arlington' in US war shrine nudge" 3176:"U.S. Lawmakers Urge Next Japan PM to Avoid Yasukuni" 2721:

Stuart Biggs and Sachiko Sakamaki (August 14, 2010).

1201:

Okinawa who were forced to self-determine during the

3385:"Japanese prime minister visits Yasukuni war shrine" 58:

However, of the 2,466,532 men named in the shrine's

3678:"Press Conference by Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda" 3028:

Lawmaker and aborigines forbidden to visit Yasukuni

1701: 1183: 731:

President of the Republic of China Legislative Yuan

94:have called the Yasukuni Shrine an exemplar of the 2345:"Fukuda leads Japan PM race, won't visit Yasukuni" 2035:Yasukuni, state in '69 OK'd war criminal inclusion 1522:As Abe visited the shrine, China's UN Ambassador 1193:the Manchurian region in China and committed the 955:'s commanding general) visited on April 26, 2001. 4039: 3836:"Yasukuni Shrine Web site crippled in cyber war" 3614:Fukuda leads Japan PM race, won't visit Yasukuni 3268:"State minister Takaichi visits Yasukuni Shrine" 3252:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 3220:. September 12, 2007 – via news.bbc.co.uk. 2745:"Far right pays tribute to Japan's 'war heroes'" 2048:"Yushukan museum whitewashes wartime atrocities" 1397:International Military Tribunal for the Far East 488:United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs 68:International Military Tribunal for the Far East 3627:"Hatoyama Pledges Not to Visit Yasukuni Shrine" 2658: 1997:"Library of Congress LCCN Permalink 2007553672" 1535:In the wake of Abe's first term, his successor 203: 3990: 3150:"Bid to address Congress has Yasukuni proviso" 3032: 2238: 2181:"Bid to address Congress has Yasukuni proviso" 2178: 2063: 1601: 1346: 1262: 1249: 392: 385:Yasukuni Shrine considers the Izokukai as its 371: 357: 197: 3937: 3051: 2601: 2599: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2583: 1749: 1712:In March 2008, a group of lawmakers from the 1586: 560: 314:Yasukuni Shrine operates a war museum of the 2425: 1796:On 11 February 2021, Japanese voice actress 459:was scheduled to visit Chinese officials in 210:because they were on the war dead registry: 3964: 3624: 3364:Prime Minister's Official Residence (Japan) 2629: 2556: 1576: 1380: 871:After enshrinement of Class A war criminals 463:to strengthen Sino-Japanese relations. The 2908: 2771:"【Free Uyghur】世界ウイグル会議第4回代表大会開会式&懇親会" 2580: 2554: 2552: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2480:"内閣支持率５０％回復改憲や靖国参拝若い世代が評価産経新聞社・ＦＮＮ世論調査" 2241:"Japan, China reach agreement over shrine" 1773: 1437:finger in protest and mail it to the LDP. 490:, stated that Koizumi would embarrass the 3812:More than 10 cinemas will screen Yasukuni 3173: 2118: 2116: 1611: 1581:In June 2007, former Taiwanese president 1515:On January 19, 2014, Taiwanese president 27:Controversies of a Shinto shrine in Japan 3820:No Tokyo theater will show Yasukuni film 3625:Wakabayashi, Daisuke (August 12, 2009). 3597:"China takes Japan shrine dispute to UN" 3547:The Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research 3001: 1765: 1530: 579:President Emeritus of Harvard University 540:, visited the shrine on April 22, 2008. 478:, South Korea, Chinese Foreign Minister 435: 310:Yokosuka D4Y1 at the Yūshūkan War Museum 305: 31: 3774:Hirohito and the making of modern Japan 3174:Sheldrick, Aaron (September 15, 2006). 2939: 2533: 1356: 366:Japan War-Bereaved Families Association 165:The shrine enshrines and, according to 143: 14: 4040: 3997:Loveridge, Lynzee (January 10, 2019). 3147: 3118:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan 3086:Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. 3040:Abe’s reshuffle promotes right-wingers 2124:"China cancels meeting with Machimura" 2113: 2059: 2057: 1981:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 1367:Japanese history textbooks controversy 817:Daniel Smith visited on April 9, 1969. 414: 301: 3971:Hoffer, Christian (January 9, 2019). 3650: 3042:" (Korea Joongang Daily – 2014/09/05) 2971:The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus 1297:, which advocates the restoration of 1000:Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands 597:Nathaniel Walter Barnardiston of the 245:(sentenced for only Class B offenses) 3797:Dancing with the Devil over Yasukuni 3740: 3052:Norihiro Kato (September 12, 2014). 3045: 2876:New York: Columbia University Press. 2353:. September 16, 2007. Archived from 1868:"俄罗斯外交部发言人扎哈罗娃批判日本岸田首相向靖国神社供奉"真榊"祭品" 1698:the first time on November 9, 2005. 1485:Abe's first visit to the shrine and 1385: 1112:have visited the shrine since 1979: 3996: 3944:Ashcraft, Brian (January 9, 2019). 3451:. December 26, 2013. Archived from 3421:. December 26, 2013. Archived from 3391:. December 26, 2013. Archived from 3300:. December 25, 2013. Archived from 3002:Hirakawa, Sukehiro (July 4, 2017). 2940:Fallows, James (January 11, 2014). 2892:New York: Oxford University Press. 2385:. February 26, 2008. Archived from 2085: 2054: 1091: 24: 3943: 2917:. Associated Press. Archived from 2698:. October 27, 2007. Archived from 2239:York, Geoffrey (October 6, 2006). 2064:Brasor, Philip (August 20, 2006). 1598:), also known as Takenori Iwasato 1229: 1017:President of the Republic of China 928:Prashanto Pal, the son of Justice 506:President of the Republic of China 25: 4064: 2411:Lawmakers visit Yasukuni festival 2377:"All quiet on the eastern front?" 2033:The Japan Times (March 29, 2007) 1778:On January 7, 2019, the official 1361:In May 2005, in the aftermath of 1168:Koizumi promised at a meeting in 3970: 3747:Taiwan ex-leader in shrine visit 3651:Blair, Gavin (August 16, 2010). 2885:; Chen Weiss, Jessica. (2014). 2216:. August 4, 2006. Archived from 1740: 1702:Yasukuni documentary controversy 1480:Chidorigafuchi National Cemetery 1466:that Yasukuni was comparable to 1342:Chidorigafuchi National Cemetery 1240:separation of state and religion 1184:Historic meaning and controversy 1077: 1060: 1056:also visited on August 14, 2010. 1043: 1026: 1009: 993: 976: 967:Minister of Finance of Indonesia 959: 936: 922: 906: 893: 877: 854: 837: 821: 805: 789: 773: 757: 740: 724: 704: 688: 682:Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark 675: 669:Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester 662: 648: 635: 621: 605: 588: 572: 397:, War-Dead-Family Welfare Union) 160: 114:extremely controversial. Former 4017: 3920: 3896: 3882: 3868: 3854: 3828: 3805: 3790: 3779: 3766: 3752: 3714: 3692: 3670: 3644: 3618: 3607: 3589: 3583:Focus Taiwan - CNA English News 3571: 3553: 3535: 3517: 3499: 3487:. Риановости. December 26, 2013 3437: 3407: 3377: 3352: 3334: 3316: 3286: 3260: 3224: 3210: 3193: 3167: 3148:Nakata, Hiroko (May 17, 2006). 3141: 3130: 3108: 3073: 3064: 3021: 2995: 2977: 2959: 2933: 2902: 2865: 2839: 2813: 2787: 2776:Japanese Culture Channel Sakura 2763: 2737: 2714: 2515: 2498: 2472: 2446: 2430:. xinhuanet.com. Archived from 2426:Wang Haiqing (April 23, 2013). 2419: 2369: 2337: 2305: 2291: 2265: 2232: 2200: 2179:Nakata, Hiroko (May 17, 2006). 2172: 2152:"China playing the Hitler card" 2144: 2040: 1870:(in Chinese). November 9, 2022. 1695:Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) 1684: 1083:Ambassador of Ukraine to Japan 828:Chief of Staff of the Luftwaffe 440:Former Japanese Prime Minister 422:This issue first surfaced when 2779:. May 17, 2012. Archived from 2646:. Tokyo Foundation. March 2006 2523:"始まった分裂と妥協――韓国と日本と（2006/8/18）" 2027: 1989: 1943: 1925: 1914: 1888: 1874: 1860: 1835: 1786:, one of the co-owners of the 1691:Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) 1395:to dispute the results of the 1212:A group claiming to represent 1189:mainly in World War II. 1145:Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) 918:visited on September 21, 1993. 658:visited on September 12, 1926. 497:Koizumi's expected successor, 132:have continued to uphold this 76:international humanitarian law 13: 1: 3054:"Tea Party Politics in Japan" 1828: 1427: 1087:visited on September 3, 2024, 884:Minister of Religious Affairs 850:visited on February 14, 1973. 769:visited on December 15, 1961. 700:visited on November 21, 1930. 601:visited on December 14, 1914. 536:and Fukuda's special adviser 1722:documentary made on Yasukuni 1587: 1474:and U.S. Secretary of State 1022:visited on October 27, 2007. 902:visited on November 1, 1981. 833:visited on January 12, 1970. 617:visited on January 21, 1922. 7: 4031:Retrieved February 16, 2021 3934:Retrieved December 11, 2015 3917:Retrieved December 11, 2015 1816: 1468:Arlington National Cemetery 1039:visited on August 14, 2010. 913:Prime Minister of Lithuania 887:Alamsyah Ratu Perwiranegara 801:visited on October 7, 1964. 796:Italian Minister of Defence 713:visited on August 27, 1931. 345: 204: 36:Yasukuni Shrine; March 2012 18:Yasukuni Shrine Controversy 10: 4069: 4053:Foreign relations of Japan 1750:December 2011 arson attack 1735: 1720:, called for boycott of a 1705: 1404:People's Republic of China 989:visited on April 10, 2002. 943:United States Marine Corps 932:visited on April 26, 1995. 753:visited on March 23, 1960. 736:visited on April 19, 1956. 684:visited on March 18, 1930. 644:visited on April 18, 1922. 565: 561:Foreign political visitors 515:; he too volunteered as a 465:People's Republic of China 42:controversies surrounding 3749:, BBC News (June 7, 2007) 3657:Christian Science Monitor 1689:On October 28, 2005, the 1643:Imperial Household Agency 1602: 1555:Democratic Party of Japan 1408:Japanese Foreign Minister 1347: 1263: 1250: 1005:visited on July 10, 2005. 889:visited on June 22, 1981. 866:visited in November 1973. 584:visited on July 10, 1913. 454:Japanese Foreign Minister 428:Imperial Household Agency 393: 372: 358: 198: 1730:Directors Guild of Japan 1714:Liberal Democratic Party 1577:Foreign dignitary visits 1381:Prime ministerial visits 1120:in 1980, 1981 and 1982; 1073:visited on May 14, 2012. 785:visited on June 4, 1963. 631:visited on July 7, 1920. 627:Crown Prince of Romania 504:On June 7, 2007, former 104:Japanese prime ministers 2872:Reilly, James. (2012). 2454:"首相の靖国参拝朝日の世論調査でも6割賛成" 1774:Visits by media figures 1369:, Chinese Vice-Premier 1178:Chinese Communist Party 1138:Japan's past militarism 748:Prime Minister of Burma 671:visited on May 5, 1929. 654:Crown Prince of Sweden 642:Edward, Prince of Wales 531:Minister of Agriculture 250:Lifetime imprisonment: 4048:Controversies in Japan 4005:. Kadokawa Corporation 2985:"야스쿠니 합사취소訴 생존원고 김희종씨" 1625:his abdication in 2019 1612:Emperor Shōwa's visits 1505:On December 27, 2013, 1363:anti-Japanese protests 1162:South Korean President 1050:British National Party 764:President of Argentina 522:Former prime minister 517:Japanese Imperial Army 513:Japanese Imperial Navy 492:United States Congress 444: 336:Imperial Japanese Army 311: 272:20-year imprisonment: 53:Statism in Shōwa Japan 37: 3218:"Profile: Shinzo Abe" 2799:World Uyghur Congress 2273:"Profile: Shinzo Abe" 2246:University of Alberta 1766:November 2015 bombing 1662:Class A war criminals 1647:Class A War Criminals 1591:, or Lí Teng-khim in 1531:Other prime ministers 1236:Constitution of Japan 1223:Japanese nationalists 1067:World Uyghur Congress 1033:French National Front 582:Charles William Eliot 439: 309: 35: 3908:May 1, 2016, at the 3425:on December 27, 2013 3395:on December 27, 2013 3304:on December 27, 2013 3070:Nippon Kaigi website 2702:on November 21, 2008 2279:. September 12, 2007 2253:on February 22, 2008 1667:Nagayoshi Matsudaira 1634:Nihon Keizai Shimbun 1441:Minister Shinzo Abe 1432:Koizumi's successor 1357:Textbook controversy 1315:European imperialism 1273:, others sign it as 1214:Taiwanese aborigines 554:Nihon Keizai Shimbun 144:Release of documents 130:governments of Japan 3680:. September 2, 2011 3631:Wall Street Journal 3585:. January 19, 2014. 3529:Washington Examiner 3513:. January 29, 2014. 3473:. December 26, 2013 2853:. September 4, 2024 2389:on January 22, 2013 2325:on February 2, 2017 2160:. November 16, 2005 2050:. January 16, 2014. 1675:could not be helped 1544:Yoshinobu Shimamura 1205:are also at issue. 1195:massacre of Nanjing 953:3rd Marine Division 916:Adolfas Šleževičius 900:The 14th Dalai Lama 864:Taufa'ahau Tupou IV 534:Yoshinobu Shimamura 415:Politicians' visits 302:Yūshūkan War Museum 4003:Anime News Network 3328:japan.kantei.go.jp 2301:. January 6, 2014. 2132:. October 19, 2005 1449:Japanese surrender 1411:Nobutaka Machimura 1307:Tokugawa Yoshinobu 1216:led by politician 946:Lieutenant General 845:Emperor of Vietnam 831:Johannes Steinhoff 812:United States Navy 486:, chairman of the 457:Nobutaka Machimura 445: 312: 214:Death by hanging: 38: 3977:Comic Book Gaming 3842:. January 7, 2005 3702:. August 15, 2022 3531:. March 25, 2015. 3511:The Straits Times 3207:, August 24, 2007 3080:Smyers, Karen Ann 3008:japan-forward.com 2751:. August 14, 2010 2670:みんなで靖国神社に参拝する国民の会 2566:みんなで靖国神社に参拝する国民の会 2484:SankeiBiz（サンケイビズ） 2434:on April 28, 2013 1963:on April 18, 2009 1939:. March 29, 2007. 1843:"Yasukuni Shrine" 1402:Officials in the 1392:Junichiro Koizumi 1386:Junichiro Koizumi 1375:Junichiro Koizumi 1267:, Prime Minister) 1254:, private person) 1203:Battle of Okinawa 1134:Junichiro Koizumi 1130:Ryutaro Hashimoto 1122:Yasuhiro Nakasone 1037:Jean-Marie Le Pen 984:President of Peru 711:Charles Lindbergh 612:Marshal of France 449:Junichiro Koizumi 442:Junichiro Koizumi 262:Kiichirō Hiranuma 119:Junichiro Koizumi 66:convicted by the 16:(Redirected from 4060: 4032: 4021: 4015: 4014: 4012: 4010: 3994: 3988: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3968: 3962: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3941: 3935: 3924: 3918: 3900: 3894: 3893: 3886: 3880: 3879: 3872: 3866: 3865: 3858: 3852: 3851: 3849: 3847: 3832: 3826: 3809: 3803: 3794: 3788: 3783: 3777: 3770: 3764: 3763: 3762:. July 21, 2006. 3756: 3750: 3744: 3738: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3728:. 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July 22, 2011. 2981: 2975: 2974: 2963: 2957: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2937: 2931: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2909:MARI YAMAGUCHI. 2906: 2900: 2869: 2863: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2843: 2837: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2817: 2811: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2791: 2785: 2784: 2783:on May 18, 2012. 2767: 2761: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2741: 2735: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2718: 2712: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2692:"李登輝氏訪日めぐり日中神経戦" 2688: 2682: 2681: 2679: 2677: 2662: 2656: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2641: 2633: 2627: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2617:on March 5, 2006 2613:. Archived from 2607:"靖国神社・海外要人訪問の記録" 2603: 2578: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2558: 2531: 2530: 2525:. Archived from 2519: 2513: 2512: 2510: 2502: 2496: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2476: 2470: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2450: 2444: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2423: 2417: 2408: 2399: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2373: 2367: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2357:on July 30, 2012 2341: 2335: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2321:. Archived from 2309: 2303: 2302: 2295: 2289: 2288: 2286: 2284: 2269: 2263: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2249:. Archived from 2236: 2230: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2220:on June 22, 2008 2204: 2198: 2197: 2195: 2193: 2176: 2170: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2148: 2142: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2120: 2111: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2089: 2083: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2061: 2052: 2051: 2044: 2038: 2031: 2025: 2024: 2022: 2020: 2015:on July 12, 2012 2011:. Archived from 1993: 1987: 1986: 1980: 1972: 1970: 1968: 1962: 1956:. Archived from 1955: 1947: 1941: 1940: 1929: 1923: 1918: 1912: 1911: 1909: 1907: 1902:on July 13, 2012 1898:. Archived from 1892: 1886: 1885: 1884:. July 15, 2022. 1878: 1872: 1871: 1864: 1858: 1857: 1855: 1853: 1839: 1655:Toshio Shiratori 1629:Emperor Naruhito 1617:Emperor Hirohito 1607: 1605: 1604: 1590: 1589: 1507:Catherine Ashton 1496:Mainichi Shimbun 1492:Mainichi Shimbun 1352: 1350: 1349: 1268: 1266: 1265: 1255: 1253: 1252: 1092:Political impact 1085:Sergiy Korsunsky 1082: 1081: 1065: 1064: 1048: 1047: 1031: 1030: 1014: 1013: 998: 997: 987:Alberto Fujimori 981: 980: 972:visited in 2002. 964: 963: 941: 940: 927: 926: 911: 910: 898: 897: 882: 881: 859: 858: 842: 841: 826: 825: 810: 809: 799:Giulio Andreotti 794: 793: 780:King of Thailand 778: 777: 762: 761: 745: 744: 729: 728: 709: 708: 695:Prince of Sweden 693: 692: 680: 679: 667: 666: 653: 652: 640: 639: 626: 625: 610: 609: 593: 592: 577: 576: 424:Emperor Hirohito 398: 396: 395: 377: 375: 374: 363: 361: 360: 340:Nanjing massacre 338:, including the 316:history of Japan 266:Toshio Shiratori 222:Seishirō Itagaki 209: 207: 201: 200: 134:legal separation 112:parliamentarians 21: 4068: 4067: 4063: 4062: 4061: 4059: 4058: 4057: 4038: 4037: 4036: 4035: 4022: 4018: 4008: 4006: 3995: 3991: 3981: 3979: 3969: 3965: 3955: 3953: 3942: 3938: 3925: 3921: 3910:Wayback Machine 3901: 3897: 3888: 3887: 3883: 3874: 3873: 3869: 3860: 3859: 3855: 3845: 3843: 3840:The Japan Times 3834: 3833: 3829: 3810: 3806: 3795: 3791: 3784: 3780: 3771: 3767: 3758: 3757: 3753: 3745: 3741: 3731: 3729: 3720: 3719: 3715: 3705: 3703: 3698: 3697: 3693: 3683: 3681: 3676: 3675: 3671: 3661: 3659: 3649: 3645: 3635: 3633: 3623: 3619: 3612: 3608: 3595: 3594: 3590: 3577: 3576: 3572: 3559: 3558: 3554: 3541: 3540: 3536: 3523: 3522: 3518: 3505: 3504: 3500: 3490: 3488: 3483: 3476: 3474: 3465: 3458: 3456: 3443: 3442: 3438: 3428: 3426: 3413: 3412: 3408: 3398: 3396: 3383: 3382: 3378: 3368: 3366: 3358: 3357: 3353: 3340: 3339: 3335: 3322: 3321: 3317: 3307: 3305: 3292: 3291: 3287: 3277: 3275: 3266: 3265: 3261: 3245: 3244: 3237: 3235: 3230: 3229: 3225: 3216: 3215: 3211: 3204:The Japan Times 3198: 3194: 3184: 3182: 3172: 3168: 3158: 3156: 3154:The Japan Times 3146: 3142: 3135: 3131: 3121: 3119: 3114: 3113: 3109: 3078: 3074: 3069: 3065: 3050: 3046: 3037: 3033: 3026: 3022: 3012: 3010: 3000: 2996: 2983: 2982: 2978: 2965: 2964: 2960: 2950: 2948: 2938: 2934: 2924: 2922: 2921:on May 18, 2021 2907: 2903: 2870: 2866: 2856: 2854: 2845: 2844: 2840: 2830: 2828: 2819: 2818: 2814: 2804: 2802: 2793: 2792: 2788: 2769: 2768: 2764: 2754: 2752: 2749:The Independent 2743: 2742: 2738: 2728: 2726: 2719: 2715: 2705: 2703: 2690: 2689: 2685: 2675: 2673: 2672:. July 12, 2005 2664: 2663: 2659: 2649: 2647: 2639: 2635: 2634: 2630: 2620: 2618: 2605: 2604: 2581: 2571: 2569: 2560: 2559: 2534: 2529:on May 1, 2009. 2521: 2520: 2516: 2508: 2504: 2503: 2499: 2489: 2487: 2478: 2477: 2473: 2463: 2461: 2452: 2451: 2447: 2437: 2435: 2424: 2420: 2409: 2402: 2392: 2390: 2375: 2374: 2370: 2360: 2358: 2343: 2342: 2338: 2328: 2326: 2318:TheGuardian.com 2311: 2310: 2306: 2297: 2296: 2292: 2282: 2280: 2271: 2270: 2266: 2256: 2254: 2237: 2233: 2223: 2221: 2206: 2205: 2201: 2191: 2189: 2186:The Japan Times 2177: 2173: 2163: 2161: 2157:The Japan Times 2150: 2149: 2145: 2135: 2133: 2129:The Japan Times 2122: 2121: 2114: 2104: 2102: 2101:. July 21, 2006 2098:The Japan Times 2091: 2090: 2086: 2076: 2074: 2071:The Japan Times 2062: 2055: 2046: 2045: 2041: 2032: 2028: 2018: 2016: 1995: 1994: 1990: 1974: 1973: 1966: 1964: 1960: 1953: 1951:"Archived copy" 1949: 1948: 1944: 1931: 1930: 1926: 1919: 1915: 1905: 1903: 1894: 1893: 1889: 1880: 1879: 1875: 1866: 1865: 1861: 1851: 1849: 1847:japan-guide.com 1841: 1840: 1836: 1831: 1819: 1776: 1768: 1752: 1743: 1738: 1710: 1708:Yasukuni (film) 1704: 1687: 1651:Yosuke Matsuoka 1621:Emperor Akihito 1614: 1599: 1579: 1533: 1464:Foreign Affairs 1430: 1390:Prime Minister 1388: 1383: 1359: 1344: 1260: 1247: 1232: 1230:Debate in Japan 1218:Kao Chin Su-mei 1186: 1126:Kiichi Miyazawa 1114:Masayoshi Ohira 1110:prime ministers 1094: 1076: 1059: 1042: 1025: 1008: 992: 975: 958: 949:Wallace Gregson 935: 921: 905: 892: 876: 873: 853: 836: 820: 804: 788: 772: 767:Arturo Frondizi 756: 739: 723: 720: 703: 687: 674: 661: 647: 634: 620: 604: 587: 571: 568: 563: 447:Prime Minister 417: 390: 369: 355: 348: 304: 290:Yosuke Matsuoka 254:Yoshijirō Umezu 205:Shōwa junnansha 195: 163: 146: 128:. The post-war 108:cabinet members 44:Yasukuni Shrine 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4066: 4056: 4055: 4050: 4034: 4033: 4016: 3989: 3963: 3936: 3919: 3895: 3881: 3867: 3853: 3827: 3804: 3789: 3778: 3765: 3751: 3739: 3713: 3691: 3669: 3643: 3617: 3606: 3588: 3570: 3565:www.mfa.gov.sg 3552: 3534: 3516: 3498: 3471:Times Of India 3436: 3406: 3376: 3351: 3333: 3315: 3285: 3259: 3223: 3209: 3192: 3180:Bloomberg News 3166: 3140: 3129: 3107: 3072: 3063: 3058:New York Times 3044: 3031: 3020: 2994: 2976: 2973:. May 3, 2008. 2958: 2932: 2901: 2864: 2838: 2827:. May 12, 2012 2812: 2801:. May 22, 2012 2786: 2762: 2736: 2713: 2683: 2657: 2628: 2579: 2568:. July 4, 2005 2532: 2514: 2497: 2471: 2445: 2418: 2400: 2368: 2336: 2304: 2290: 2264: 2231: 2199: 2171: 2143: 2112: 2084: 2053: 2039: 2037:(June 1, 2007) 2026: 1988: 1942: 1924: 1913: 1887: 1873: 1859: 1833: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1826: 1825: 1818: 1815: 1775: 1772: 1767: 1764: 1751: 1748: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1706:Main article: 1703: 1700: 1686: 1683: 1613: 1610: 1578: 1575: 1567:Yoshihiko Noda 1559:Yukio Hatoyama 1548:Eriko Yamatani 1532: 1529: 1453:Sanae Takaichi 1429: 1426: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1358: 1355: 1231: 1228: 1185: 1182: 1099:prime minister 1093: 1090: 1089: 1088: 1074: 1057: 1052:deputy leader 1040: 1023: 1006: 1003:Allan Kemakeza 990: 973: 956: 933: 930:Radhabinod Pal 919: 903: 890: 872: 869: 868: 867: 851: 834: 818: 802: 786: 770: 754: 737: 719: 716: 715: 714: 701: 685: 672: 659: 645: 632: 618: 602: 585: 567: 564: 562: 559: 538:Eriko Yamatani 416: 413: 362:, hero spirit) 347: 344: 332:Western powers 303: 300: 295: 294: 293: 292: 280: 279: 278: 276:Shigenori Tōgō 270: 269: 268: 248: 247: 246: 240: 226:Heitarō Kimura 162: 159: 145: 142: 126:Imperial Japan 116:prime minister 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4065: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4045: 4043: 4030: 4029: 4025: 4020: 4004: 4000: 3993: 3978: 3974: 3967: 3951: 3947: 3940: 3933: 3932: 3928: 3923: 3916: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3904: 3899: 3891: 3885: 3877: 3871: 3863: 3857: 3841: 3837: 3831: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3808: 3802: 3798: 3793: 3787: 3782: 3775: 3769: 3761: 3755: 3748: 3743: 3727: 3723: 3717: 3701: 3695: 3679: 3673: 3658: 3654: 3647: 3632: 3628: 3621: 3615: 3610: 3602: 3598: 3592: 3584: 3580: 3574: 3566: 3562: 3556: 3548: 3544: 3538: 3530: 3526: 3520: 3512: 3508: 3502: 3486: 3472: 3468: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3440: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3410: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3380: 3365: 3361: 3355: 3347: 3343: 3337: 3329: 3325: 3319: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3289: 3273: 3269: 3263: 3255: 3249: 3233: 3227: 3219: 3213: 3206: 3205: 3201: 3196: 3181: 3177: 3170: 3155: 3151: 3144: 3138: 3133: 3117: 3111: 3105: 3104:OCLC 39523475 3101: 3100:9780824821029 3097: 3093: 3092:9780824820589 3089: 3085: 3081: 3076: 3067: 3059: 3055: 3048: 3041: 3035: 3029: 3024: 3009: 3005: 2998: 2990: 2986: 2980: 2972: 2968: 2962: 2947: 2943: 2936: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2905: 2899: 2898:9780199387557 2895: 2891: 2889: 2884: 2883:9780231158060 2880: 2877: 2875: 2868: 2852: 2848: 2842: 2826: 2822: 2816: 2800: 2796: 2790: 2782: 2778: 2777: 2772: 2766: 2750: 2746: 2740: 2724: 2717: 2706:September 21, 2701: 2697: 2696:Sankeishinbun 2693: 2687: 2671: 2667: 2666:"ソロモン首相、靖国参拝" 2661: 2645: 2638: 2637:"戦略的広報外交のすすめ" 2632: 2621:September 21, 2616: 2612: 2608: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2572:September 21, 2567: 2563: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2537: 2528: 2524: 2518: 2507: 2501: 2486:(in Japanese) 2485: 2481: 2475: 2460:(in Japanese) 2459: 2455: 2449: 2433: 2429: 2422: 2416: 2412: 2407: 2405: 2388: 2384: 2383: 2382:The Economist 2378: 2372: 2356: 2352: 2351: 2346: 2340: 2324: 2320: 2319: 2314: 2308: 2300: 2294: 2278: 2274: 2268: 2252: 2248: 2247: 2242: 2235: 2219: 2215: 2214: 2209: 2203: 2188: 2187: 2182: 2175: 2159: 2158: 2153: 2147: 2131: 2130: 2125: 2119: 2117: 2100: 2099: 2094: 2088: 2073: 2072: 2067: 2060: 2058: 2049: 2043: 2036: 2030: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1992: 1984: 1978: 1959: 1952: 1946: 1938: 1934: 1928: 1922: 1917: 1901: 1897: 1891: 1883: 1877: 1869: 1863: 1848: 1844: 1838: 1834: 1824: 1821: 1820: 1814: 1812: 1811: 1806: 1805: 1799: 1794: 1791: 1790: 1785: 1781: 1771: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1747: 1741:Cyber attacks 1733: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1709: 1699: 1696: 1692: 1682: 1678: 1676: 1670: 1668: 1663: 1658: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1635: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1609: 1597: 1594: 1584: 1574: 1572: 1571:Fumio Kishida 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1538: 1528: 1525: 1520: 1518: 1513: 1510: 1508: 1503: 1499: 1497: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1460: 1456: 1454: 1450: 1445: 1443: 1438: 1435: 1425: 1423: 1419: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1405: 1400: 1398: 1393: 1378: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1354: 1343: 1338: 1334: 1332: 1331: 1326: 1325: 1318: 1316: 1310: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1287: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1259: 1246: 1241: 1237: 1227: 1224: 1219: 1215: 1210: 1206: 1204: 1198: 1196: 1190: 1181: 1179: 1173: 1171: 1166: 1163: 1158: 1156: 1151: 1146: 1141: 1139: 1135: 1132:in 1996; and 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1100: 1086: 1080: 1075: 1072: 1071:Rebiya Kadeer 1068: 1063: 1058: 1055: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1038: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1021: 1018: 1012: 1007: 1004: 1001: 996: 991: 988: 985: 979: 974: 971: 968: 962: 957: 954: 950: 947: 944: 939: 934: 931: 925: 920: 917: 914: 909: 904: 901: 896: 891: 888: 885: 880: 875: 874: 865: 862: 861:King of Tonga 857: 852: 849: 846: 840: 835: 832: 829: 824: 819: 816: 813: 808: 803: 800: 797: 792: 787: 784: 781: 776: 771: 768: 765: 760: 755: 752: 749: 743: 738: 735: 734:Chang Tao-fan 732: 727: 722: 721: 712: 707: 702: 699: 696: 691: 686: 683: 678: 673: 670: 665: 660: 657: 651: 646: 643: 638: 633: 630: 624: 619: 616: 615:Joseph Joffre 613: 608: 603: 600: 596: 595:Major General 591: 586: 583: 580: 575: 570: 569: 558: 556: 555: 550: 544: 541: 539: 535: 532: 527: 525: 520: 518: 514: 510: 507: 502: 500: 495: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 468: 466: 462: 458: 455: 450: 443: 438: 434: 432: 431:Grand Steward 429: 425: 420: 412: 410: 406: 402: 388: 383: 381: 367: 354: 343: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 308: 299: 291: 287: 284: 283: 281: 277: 274: 273: 271: 267: 263: 259: 258:Kuniaki Koiso 255: 252: 251: 249: 244: 241: 239: 235: 231: 230:Kenji Doihara 227: 223: 219: 216: 215: 213: 212: 211: 206: 193: 187: 185: 179: 176: 172: 168: 161:War criminals 158: 155: 152: 141: 139: 135: 131: 127: 122: 120: 117: 113: 109: 105: 101: 97: 93: 89: 85: 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 64:war criminals 61: 60:Book of Souls 56: 54: 50: 46: 45: 34: 30: 19: 4026: 4019: 4007:. 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