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1525:), which also includes hot maté, as it is typically consumed at a temperature of 70°C. This classification indicates that the link between very hot beverage consumption and cancer is likely, but the proportion of oesophageal cancer cases due to drinking very hot beverages is not yet known. There is no such association for cold maté and, in general, preparations under 65°C are not considered carcinogenic and are evaluated as
745:
970:
1100:) in their arms. In Argentina, 5 kg (11 lb) of yerba mate is consumed annually per capita; in Uruguay, the largest consumer, consumption is 10 kg (22 lb). The amount of herb used to prepare the infusion is much greater than that used for tea and other beverages, which accounts for the large weights.
1421:). Theobromine content varies from 0.3% to 0.9%; theophylline is typically present only in small quantities or sometimes completely absent. In some circles, mateine is a referential term for caffeine when found present in yerba mate (similar to theine from tea or guaranine from guarana). Yerba mate also contains
1253:
can be prepared with cold water (the most common way in
Paraguay and Brazil) or fruit juice (the most common way in Argentina). The version with water is more bitter; fruit juice acts as a sweetener (in Brazil, this is usually avoided with the addition of table sugar). Medicinal or culinary herbs,
1063:
in
Portuguese). The gourd is given by the brewer to each person, often in a circle, in turns. The recipient drinks the few mouthfuls in the container, and then returns the mate to the brewer, who refills it and passes it to the next person in clockwise order. The recipient is not supposed to give
1012:
Drinking mate is a common social practice in
Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, Southern Brazil, and Southern Chile among people of all ages, and is often a communal ritual following customary rules. Friends and family members share from the same container, traditionally a hollow gourd (also called a
887:
Seeds used to germinate new plants are harvested after they have turned dark purple, typically from
January to April. After harvest, they are submerged in water in order to eliminate floating non-viable seeds and detritus like twigs, leaves, etc. New plants are started between March and May. For
768:
the territory of
Paraguay. Its consumption became widespread during European colonization, particularly in the Spanish colony of Paraguay in the late 16th century, among both Spanish settlers and indigenous Guaraní, who had, to some extent before the Spanish arrival, consumed it. This widespread
948:. The strength of the flavor, caffeine levels, and other nutrients can vary depending on whether it is a male or female plant. Female plants tend to be milder in flavor and lower in caffeine. They are also relatively scarce in the areas where yerba mate is planted and cultivated.
804:
Brazil then became the largest producer of mate. In
Brazilian and Argentine projects in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the plant was domesticated once again, opening the way for plantation systems. When Brazilian entrepreneurs turned their attention to
1593:
However, the occurrence of PAHs in maté leaves and infusion is based on small studies with non-representative sampling. In any case, the use of maté with potentially lower PAHs content, such as unsmoked maté, has been suggested as a preventive approach.
832:), funded by the state government to educate people on the sustainable harvesting methods needed to maintain the integrity and vitality of the oldest wild forests of mate in the world. As of June 2014, however, the park is closed to public visitation.
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792:
in the 1770s, their plantations fell into decay, as did their domestication secrets. The industry continued to be of prime importance for the
Paraguayan economy after independence, but development in benefit of the Paraguayan state halted after the
638:
is made with roasted leaves, the other drinks are made with raw or lightly toasted green leaves, and are very popular in the south and center-west of the country. Most people, colloquially, call both the plant and the beverage by the word
1181:
becomes creamy when shaken and is more popular in the coastal cities of Brazil, as opposed to the far southern states, where it is more commonly consumed in the traditional way (green, with a silver straw from a shared gourd), and called
813:, where the Jesuits had once had most of their plantations. For years, the status of largest producer shifted between Brazil and Argentina. Today, Brazil is the largest producer, with 53%, followed by Argentina, 37%, and Paraguay, 10%.
1107:. Some consider the flavor to be very agreeable, but it is generally bitter if steeped in hot water. Sweetened and flavored mate is also sold, in which the mate leaves are blended with other herbs (such as peppermint) or citrus rind.
3048:
1003:, and filling it up with water at a temperature of 70–80 °C (158–176 °F), hot but not boiling. Sugar may or may not be added. The infusion may also be prepared with cold water, in which case it is known as
656:
are used to refer to the plant or the beverage. The latter spelling is unfaithful to both
Spanish and Portuguese, where the accent would incorrectly move the stress from the first syllable to the second. The
3275:
2301:
3321:
Loomis, Dana; Guyton, Kathryn Z; Grosse, Yann; Lauby-Secretan, Béatrice; El
Ghissassi, Fatiha; Bouvard, Véronique; Benbrahim-Tallaa, Lamia; Guha, Neela; Mattock, Heidi; Straif, Kurt (July 2016).
1247:. The Guarani used to drink it in this format, but without the ice as they did not have the technology for it, reason why, it is accredited to be the first and original way of consumption.
1068:. Although traditionally made from a hollowed calabash gourd, these days mate "gourds" are produced from a variety of materials including wood, glass, bull horns, ceramic, and silicone.
1922:
1138:
in Brazil is sold in teabags and in a loose-leaf form. It is often served sweetened in specialized shops or on the street, either hot or iced, pure or with fruit juice (especially
788:, Argentina, sparking severe competition with the Paraguayan harvesters of wild stands. It is here when the plant began its incursion into other non-Paraguayan territories. After
1340:
people. Most of its popularity outside South
America is a result of historical emigration to South America and subsequent return. It is consumed worldwide by expatriates from the
955:
in 2012, Brazil is the biggest producer of mate in the world with 513,256 metric tonnes (MT) (58%), followed by Argentina with 290,000 MT (32%) and Paraguay with 85,490 MT (10%).
1148:) or milk. In Paraguay, Argentina, and Southern Brazil, this is commonly consumed for breakfast or in a café for afternoon tea, often with a selection of sweet pastries (
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over the final '-e' in the English spelling was likely added by analogy with words of French origin like café, not to mark stress but to indicate that the '-e' is not
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plants established in pots, transplanting takes place April through September. Plants with bare roots are transplanted only during the months of June and July.
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3450:"Significant Variation in the Concentration of Carcinogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Yerba Maté Samples by Brand, Batch, and Processing Method"
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Golozar, Asieh; Fagundes, Renato B.; Etemadi, Arash; Schantz, Michele M.; Kamangar, Farin; Abnet, Christian C.; Dawsey, Sanford M. (18 December 2012).
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Dellacassa, Cesio et al. Departamento de Farmacognosia, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Uruguay, Noviembre: 2007, pp. 1–15
1900:
420:. Its consumption was exclusive to the natives of only two regions of the territory that today is Paraguay, more specifically the departments of
852:
The yerba mate plant is grown and processed in its native regions of South America, specifically in Paraguay, some parts of northern Argentina (
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is especially popular in the south and southeast regions, and can easily be found in retail stores in the same cooler as other soft drinks.
696:, 7–110 millimeters (0.3–4.3 in) long and 30–55 millimeters (1.2–2.2 in) wide, with serrated margins. The leaves are often called
4196:
435:
Mate is traditionally consumed in central and southern regions of South America, primarily in Paraguay, as well as in Argentina, Uruguay,
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discovered its commercialization potential, yerba mate became widespread throughout the province and even elsewhere in the Spanish Crown.
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1081:. Paraguayans typically drink yerba mate with cold water during hot days and hot water in the morning and during cooler temperatures.
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Pittler MH, Schmidt K, Ernst E (May 2005). "Adverse events of herbal food supplements for body weight reduction: systematic review".
1986:
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community in the Levant, especially in Syria and Lebanon, where it is imported from Paraguay and Argentina, thanks to 19th-century
68:
Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.
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in the 1930s, Argentina, which had long been the prime consumer, took over as the largest producer, resurrecting the economy in
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1077:) in Paraguay, Argentina, Southern Brazil, Uruguay, and Southern Chile. In warm weather the hot water is sometimes replaced by
797:(1864–1870) that devastated the country both economically and demographically. Some regions with mate plantations in Paraguay
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The flavor of brewed mate resembles an infusion of vegetables, herbs, and grass and is reminiscent of some varieties of
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669:(partner or friend); indeed French also uses the spelling with the accent. Spanish meanwhile has an unrelated word
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is a sweet, carbonated soft drink based on yerba mate. Developed in Cuba in 1920, and produced since the 1960s in
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Many of the natural enemies of yerba mate are difficult to control in plantation settings. Insect pests include
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2754:
Folch, C. (2009). "Stimulating Consumption: Yerba Mate Myths, Markets, and Meanings from Conquest to Present".
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and Sulista Portuguese, is also consumed as a cold or iced beverage, usually sucked out of a horn cup called a
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Yerba mate is most popular in Paraguay and Uruguay, where people are seen walking the streets carrying the
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may be understood as 'herb', but also as 'grass' or 'weed'. It may also be used in reference to marijuana (
35:
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Pichersky, Eran; Lewinsohn, Efraim (2 June 2011). "Convergent Evolution in Plant Specialized Metabolism".
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Paraguayans have a tradition of mixing mate with crushed leaves, stems, and flowers of the plant known as
586:, therefore, originally translated as literally the 'gourd herb'; i.e., the herb one drinks from a gourd.
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Moscardi, Flávio (1999). "Assessment of the Application of Baculoviruses for Control of Lepidoptera".
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1585:. It has been suggested that this may explain other cancers associated with maté consumption, such as
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1332:. It is also commonly consumed in Lebanon, Syria, and some other parts of the Middle East, mainly by
2354:
1320:, South Africa, mate was introduced to the local tourism office by the returning descendants of the
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517:, a word that means 'container for a drink' and 'infusion of an herb', as well as 'gourd'. The word
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thanks until they are done drinking the beverage, and if they do, they will not be served any more
57:
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2008:
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Valduga, Eunice; de Freitas, Renato João Sossela; Reissmann, Carlos B.; Nakashima, Tomoe (1997).
2707:"A case of veno-occlusive disease of the liver in Britain associated with herbal tea consumption"
1773:
1747:
1446:
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Oranuba, Ebele; Deng, Hua; Peng, Jiangnan; Dawsey, Sanford M; Kamangar, Farin (2 January 2019).
1971:
1713:
1409:, with caffeine content varying between 0.7% and 1.7% of dry weight (compared with 0.4–9.3% for
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3408:"PRESS RELEASE N° 244 - IARC Monographs evaluate drinking coffee, maté, and very hot beverages"
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Selection of yerba mate gourds and bombillas at a street vendor in Buenos Aires, Argentina
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In the same way as people meet for tea or coffee, friends often gather and drink mate (
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and then matures to a tree, growing up to 15 meters (49 ft) tall. The leaves are
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1297:. Modifying mate in this fashion is potentially toxic, as these alkaloids can cause
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3512:"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as a potential source of carcinogenicity of mate"
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in Brazil, is prepared by filling a container, traditionally a small, hollowed-out
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2445:[Mate Historic Park] (in Portuguese). Paraná State Secretariat for Culture
385:. The leaves of the plant can be steeped in hot water to make a beverage known as
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consumption turned it into Paraguay's main commodity above other wares, such as
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1175:, which is toasted, has less of a bitter flavor and more of a spicy fragrance.
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concentration in processed yerba maté leaves sampled in 2006, 2008, and 2010:
757:
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4115:
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2289:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 877–878.
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Del Techo, Ximénez, Dobrizhoffer. p. 40., Nicolás; Bartolomé, Martín (1967).
1807:
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Mate has also become popular outside of South America. In the tiny hamlet of
491:, in Portuguese, a term describing several herb species, is derived from the
136:
3119:
3102:
3086:
3070:
St. Hil. (erva-mate) e de outras espécies utilizadas na adulteração do mate"
1923:"En busca del hueso perdido : (tratado de paraguayología) / Helio Vera"
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999:(described below), up to three-quarters full with dry leaves (and twigs) of
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meaning something like 'what keeps us alive', but is rarely used nowadays.
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20:
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in humans although a later study suggested there can be positive effects.
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which results in liver failure due to progressive occlusion of the small
595:, in the areas of traditional consumption. The drinks are usually called
409:
31:
3370:"Q&A on Monographs Volume 116: Coffee, maté, and very hot beverages"
1880:
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that weakens the tree and makes it more susceptible to mold and mildew;
773:, and the labour of indigenous peoples was used to harvest wild stands.
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is harvested, the branches are often dried by a wood fire, imparting a
440:
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3475:
3241:"FACT SHEET: CANCER OF THE OESOPHAGUS AND DRINKING VERY HOT BEVERAGES"
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2302:"Commerce and Industry in Nineteenth Century Paraguay: The Example of"
840:
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2887:"The positive effects of yerba maté (Ilex paraguariensis) in obesity"
2232:"maté - traduction - Dictionnaire Français-Anglais WordReference.com"
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3103:"Dietary supplements for body-weight reduction: a systematic review"
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Incidence of oesophageal cancer in both sex per 100.000 population (
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611:
393:
4080:
3819:
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1398:
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1163:, with or without fruit flavoring. In Brazil, this cold version of
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3323:"Carcinogenicity of drinking coffee, mate, and very hot beverages"
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are small and greenish-white with four petals. The fruit is a red
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1414:
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in Italian), and drink through the same wooden or metal straw (a
770:
632:(hot or cold; lit. 'mate tea', served in cups or glasses). While
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Since the traditional preparation of yerba maté leaves involves
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2030:
Dicionário do Tupi Antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil
1767:
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In Paraguay, Brazil, and Argentina, a version of mate known as
777:
723:
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managed to domesticate the plant and establish plantations in
3687:
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2081:. Segunda edição. Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira, 1986. p.453
1387:
1333:
1302:
978:
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The Portuguese name for the plant is pronounced variously as
448:
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native to South America. It was named by the French botanist
372:
245:
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163:
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Boletim do Centro de Pesquisa de Processamento de Alimentos
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language (of the indigenous people who first used mate) is
377:
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Yerba mate contains a variety of polyphenols, such as the
969:
712:(known in some parts of the world as mateine) and related
3012:
Vázquez, A; Moyna, P (1986). "Studies on mate drinking".
2705:
McGee, J; Patrick, R S; Wood, C B; Blumgart, L H (1976).
2398:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
1410:
952:
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2704:
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1513:. Very hot beverages (above 65°C) are classified by the
2418:"List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor"
1264:
and added to the water for taste or medicinal reasons.
19:
This article is about the plant. For the beverage, see
3400:
2557:"Cómo hacer un buen Mate | Ruta de la Yerba Mate"
1357:
708:(Portuguese), both of which mean "herb". They contain
496:
3509:
3280:. International Agency for Research on Cancer. 2018.
2457:
3233:
2607:"Mate: The Bitter Tea South Americans Love to Drink"
1527:
not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans
921:
whose larvae eat the leaves; and several species of
673:, meaning 'I killed', a conjugated form of the verb
416:) first cultivated and consumed yerba mate prior to
3517:
Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C
3141:
1627:, another caffeine-containing holly species of the
459:. Yerba mate can now be found worldwide in various
2966:
2027:
1735:
3270:
3268:
1631:genus, native to the Ecuadorian Amazon rainforest
730:4–6 millimeters (0.16–0.24 in) in diameter.
412:communities (whose territory covered present-day
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1354:, it is a staple of the Cuban culture in Miami.
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621:(cold; traditionally served in a bull horn), or
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3277:Drinking Coffee, Mate, and Very Hot Beverages
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2365:
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2007:
1689:World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1998).
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1194:in Spanish, particularly Argentine Spanish).
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463:as well as being sold as a bottled or canned
26:"Yerba" redirects here. For the US city, see
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2857:(1st ed.). Alfred A. Knopf. p. 6.
2825:. p. 8 (PDF p. 11). Archived from
2119:
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1895:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3416:International Agency for Research on Cancer
3378:International Agency for Research on Cancer
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3246:International Agency for Research on Cancer
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2472:, 3rd Edition, 2006. Retrieved 24 May 2013.
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1972:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T32982A9740718.en
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1714:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T32982A9740718.en
1515:International Agency for Research on Cancer
1281:(the flower of August, plants of the genus
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2756:Comparative Studies in Society and History
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2109:AULEX, "Online Quechua-Spanish Dictionary"
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1899:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
752:Mate was first consumed by the indigenous
521:is used in modern Portuguese and Spanish.
397:. Both the plant and the beverage contain
292:
125:
106:
3545:
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3185:Gambero A, Ribeiro ML (22 January 2015).
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2946:"Activities of a Specific Chemical Query"
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2267:
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1970:
1921:Cervantes, Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de.
1712:
1366:Yerba for sale in the open-air market of
1271:Yerba mate shop, Puerto Iguazu, Argentina
824:, Brazil, there is a Mate Historic Park (
470:
84:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1907:
1535:
1509:Hot maté consumption is associated with
1460:
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1109:
968:
839:
743:
608:(hot; traditionally served in a gourd),
485:, which has the same meaning as 'herb'.
2823:Johnson and Wales: Student Food Writing
1639:, a caffeine-containing species of the
1221:in Spanish and Portuguese or sometimes
4114:
3455:Environmental Science & Technology
2885:Gambero A, Ribeiro ML (January 2015).
2390:
2388:
2262:
2162:"San Fernando HS Spanish: Acentuación"
1927:Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes
1876:
1874:
540:falls on the first syllable. The word
4122:IUCN Red List near threatened species
3801:
3800:
3585:
3187:"The Positive Effects of Yerba Maté (
2983:10.1146/annurev-arplant-042110-103814
2850:
2790:""Mate" tea a long-time Lebanese hit"
2753:
2299:
2183:"Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary"
1920:
627:
616:
603:
590:
531:
418:European colonization of the Americas
362:
345:
339:
322:
3066:"Caracterização química da folha de
2355:"Erva-mate - o ouro verde do Paraná"
2079:Novo Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa
2028:de Almeida Navarro, Eduardo (2013).
2017:. Rio de Janeiro: Livraria São José.
1949:World Conservation Monitoring Centre
1756:participating institution membership
958:
447:. It has also become popular in the
42:
4197:Crops originating from the Americas
2410:
2385:
1958:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1871:
1700:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1573:them they contain a high number of
1449:for yerba mate having an effect on
1358:Chemical composition and properties
475:The name given to the plant in the
13:
3426:from the original on 29 April 2024
3388:from the original on 29 April 2024
3302:from the original on 29 April 2024
3253:from the original on 29 April 2024
3101:Pittler MH, Ernst E (April 2004).
3046:
937:. This was first applied in 1992.
719:, and are harvested commercially.
391:. Brewed cold, it is used to make
14:
4253:
3565:
1987:"Argentina's 'yerba mate' crunch"
989:in Spanish-speaking countries or
953:Food and Agriculture Organization
856:), Uruguay, and southern Brazil (
760:that lived in the departments of
4207:Crops originating from Argentina
4073:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:315555-2
3156:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00169.x
2813:
1575:polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
901:that lays eggs in the branches;
150:
47:
4217:Crops originating from Paraguay
3362:
3178:
3135:
3094:
3057:
3040:
3005:
2938:
2929:
2782:
2747:
2698:
2677:
2655:
2634:
2612:
2549:
2348:
2300:Reber, Vera Blinn (July 1985).
2293:
2257:"Word Magic Spanish Dictionary"
2250:
2224:
2197:
2154:
2071:
2046:
2021:
1519:probably carcinogenic to humans
1324:, who in 1902 had emigrated to
1260:(weeds), may be crushed with a
648:In English, both the spellings
558:used throughout Latin America.
4212:Crops originating from Uruguay
3572:Plant of the Month: Yerba Mate
2970:Annual Review of Plant Biology
2001:
1979:
1941:
1849:
1827:
1790:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1728:
1504: No data / Not applicable
1440:
1328:in Argentina after losing the
1197:In Paraguay, Southern Brazil (
1155:An iced, sweetened version of
835:
748:Yerba mate growing in the wild
680:
457:Syrian immigrants to Argentina
1:
4202:Crops originating from Brazil
3538:10.1080/10590501.2019.1555323
3341:10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30239-X
3050:Medical Problems in Dentistry
2851:Roque, Raquel Rábade (2011).
2816:"Materva: Un Buchito de Cuba"
2711:Journal of Clinical Pathology
2505:10.1146/annurev.ento.44.1.257
2032:. São Paulo: Global Editora.
1676:
1643:genus native to North America
4242:Symbols of Rio Grande do Sul
4182:Herbal and fungal stimulants
4162:Flora of the Atlantic Forest
3026:10.1016/0378-8741(86)90005-x
3014:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
2582:"Guide to Yerba Mate Gourds"
2561:www.rutadelayerbamate.org.ar
2373:. Establecimiento Las Marías
1417:, and up to 3.2% for ground
872:). Cultivators are known as
7:
2642:"Significado de 'cimarrón'"
2488:Annual Review of Entomology
2054:"Congonha - Arca del Gusto"
1885:. Editorial del Centenario.
1883:Tres encuentros con América
1597:
1159:is sold as an uncarbonated
552:is the variant spelling of
10:
4258:
2443:"Parque Histórico do Mate"
1393:Yerba mate contains three
1301:, a rare condition of the
1213:, a mate infusion, called
977:in a cup that resembles a
962:
931:nuclear polyhedrosis virus
799:became Argentine territory
795:War of the Triple Alliance
737:
733:
574:refers exclusively to the
25:
18:
3809:
3731:
3620:
2768:10.1017/S0010417509990314
2357:. Retrieved 10 July 2013.
2185:. M-w.com. 13 August 2010
1820:Dictionary.com Unabridged
1743:Oxford English Dictionary
1456:
929:may be controlled with a
776:In the mid-17th century,
592:[ˈɛɾvɐˈmate,-tʃi]
536:. The stress on the word
337:Portuguese pronunciation:
300:
291:
274:
267:
147:Scientific classification
145:
123:
114:
105:
100:
4232:Agriculture in Argentina
3776:Korean ginseng root hair
2609:. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
2259:. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
2127:. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
2123:Real Academia Española.
2111:. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
2099:. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
2095:Real Academia Española.
894:Gyropsylla spegazziniana
884:(Brazilian Portuguese).
830:Parque Histórico do Mate
34:. For other places, see
4237:Agriculture in Paraguay
3087:10.5380/cep.v15i1.14033
2470:"Yerba Mate Production"
2286:Encyclopædia Britannica
2210:Encyclopædia Britannica
1774:Oxford University Press
1748:Oxford University Press
1295:pyrrolizidine alkaloids
782:their Indian reductions
756:and also spread in the
546:is Spanish for 'herb';
497:
56:Some of this article's
4222:Near threatened plants
4172:Latin American cuisine
2009:Lemos Barbosa, Antônio
1566:
1506:
1375:
1299:veno-occlusive disease
1277:
1272:
1256:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1223:
1215:
1190:
1184:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1144:
1134:
1120:
1115:
1092:
1086:
1073:
1059:
1051:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1015:
1005:
991:
982:
981:, the customary vessel
880:
874:
849:
829:
749:
704:
698:
641:
634:
623:
610:
597:
582:
576:
570:
554:
548:
542:
533:[ˈɟʝeɾβaˈmate]
526:
513:
487:
481:
471:Name and pronunciation
383:Augustin Saint-Hilaire
355:
332:
324:[ˈɟʝeɾβaˈmate]
260:I. paraguariensis
4227:Agriculture in Brazil
3120:10.1093/ajcn/79.4.529
2620:"Flavored Yerba Mate"
2468:Burtnik, Oscar José,
2236:www.wordreference.com
2141:"Mate: o chá da hora"
1953:"Ilex paraguariensis"
1803:CollinsDictionary.com
1770:UK English Dictionary
1539:
1464:
1365:
1270:
1142:, known in Brazil as
1113:
985:The infusion, called
972:
843:
747:
740:History of yerba mate
524:The pronunciation of
347:[ˈɛʁvɐˈmatʃi]
30:. For the herbs, see
4167:Flora of the Cerrado
2723:10.1136/jcp.29.9.788
2058:Slow Food Foundation
2014:Curso de Tupi Antigo
1965:: e.T32982A9740718.
1857:"Index of Botanists"
1707:: e.T32982A9740718.
1671:Yerba Mate Playadito
1413:leaves, 2.5–7.6% in
1043:in Portuguese, or a
904:Hedyphates betulinus
341:[ˈɛɾvɐˈmatɨ]
28:Yerba, West Virginia
3841:Ilex paraguariensis
3811:Ilex paraguariensis
3530:2019JESHC..37...26O
3468:2012EnST...4613488G
3462:(24): 13488–13493.
3328:The Lancet Oncology
3189:Ilex paraguariensis
3068:Ilex paraguariensis
2537:. Native Yerba Mate
2535:"Nativa Yerba Mate"
2077:FERREIRA, A. B. H.
1746:(Online ed.).
1693:Ilex paraguariensis
1318:North West Province
1290:Senecio grisebachii
686:Ilex paraguariensis
605:[ʃimaˈʁɐ̃w]
319:Ilex paraguariensis
278:Ilex paraguariensis
117:Conservation status
4137:Flora of Argentina
3047:Scully, Crispian.
2832:on 13 January 2014
2588:. 12 February 2016
1793:. Merriam-Webster.
1567:
1564: 2010 batches
1558: 2008 batches
1552: 2006 batches
1511:oesophageal cancer
1507:
1445:There has been no
1376:
1273:
1211:Argentine littoral
1199:Mato Grosso do Sul
1132:) in Paraguay and
1116:
983:
870:Mato Grosso do Sul
850:
750:
629:[ˈʃaˈmate]
303:Ilex paraguaiensis
4152:Flora of Paraguay
4109:
4108:
4029:Open Tree of Life
3803:Taxon identifiers
3794:
3793:
3771:Orienta persimmon
3648:Chrysanthemum tea
3578:. January 5, 2023
3476:10.1021/es303494s
3287:978-92-832-0183-0
3208:10.3390/nu7020730
3076:(in Portuguese).
2904:10.3390/nu7020730
2854:The Cuban Kitchen
2371:"History of Mate"
2205:"mate - beverage"
1754:(Subscription or
1293:), which contain
1262:pestle and mortar
1001:I. paraguariensis
959:Use as a beverage
942:I. paraguariensis
858:Rio Grande do Sul
811:Misiones Province
618:[teɾeˈɾɛ]
568:). In Argentina,
308:
307:
140:
94:
93:
86:
4249:
4192:Medicinal plants
4157:Flora of Uruguay
4102:
4101:
4089:
4088:
4076:
4075:
4063:
4062:
4050:
4049:
4037:
4036:
4024:
4023:
4011:
4010:
3998:
3997:
3985:
3984:
3972:
3971:
3959:
3958:
3946:
3945:
3933:
3932:
3920:
3919:
3907:
3906:
3894:
3893:
3881:
3880:
3868:
3867:
3855:
3854:
3845:
3844:
3843:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3798:
3797:
3606:
3599:
3592:
3583:
3582:
3560:
3559:
3549:
3507:
3498:
3497:
3487:
3445:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3425:
3419:. 15 June 2016.
3412:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3387:
3374:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3272:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3249:. 15 June 2016.
3237:
3231:
3230:
3220:
3210:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3122:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3009:
3003:
3002:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2942:
2936:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2916:
2906:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2831:
2820:
2814:Wong, Samantha.
2811:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2794:Your Middle East
2786:
2780:
2779:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2734:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2685:"Flor de agosto"
2681:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2482:
2473:
2466:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2392:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2367:
2358:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2282:
2271:
2260:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2137:
2128:
2121:
2112:
2106:
2100:
2093:
2082:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1989:. globalpost.com
1983:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1918:
1905:
1904:
1894:
1886:
1878:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1811:
1794:
1781:
1780:on 9 March 2021.
1776:. Archived from
1759:
1751:
1739:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1716:
1686:
1577:(PAHs), such as
1563:
1557:
1551:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:age-standardized
1280:
1259:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1226:
1220:
1193:
1187:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1147:
1137:
1123:
1095:
1089:
1076:
1062:
1056:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1024:
1018:
1008:
994:
883:
877:
707:
701:
644:
637:
631:
626:
620:
615:
607:
602:
594:
585:
579:
573:
557:
551:
545:
535:
529:
516:
500:
490:
484:
443:of Bolivia, and
366:
361:
349:
343:
338:
326:
301:Native range of
296:
280:
155:
154:
134:
129:
128:
110:
98:
97:
89:
82:
78:
75:
69:
51:
43:
16:Species of plant
4257:
4256:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4246:
4147:Trees of Brazil
4142:Flora of Brazil
4112:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4097:
4092:
4084:
4079:
4071:
4066:
4058:
4053:
4045:
4040:
4032:
4027:
4019:
4016:Observation.org
4014:
4006:
4001:
3993:
3988:
3980:
3975:
3967:
3962:
3954:
3949:
3941:
3936:
3928:
3923:
3915:
3910:
3902:
3897:
3889:
3884:
3876:
3871:
3863:
3858:
3850:
3848:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3824:
3823:
3818:
3805:
3795:
3790:
3761:Green moss coin
3727:
3703:Mint herbal tea
3616:
3610:
3568:
3563:
3508:
3501:
3446:
3439:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3410:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3372:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3353:
3351:
3319:
3315:
3305:
3303:
3288:
3274:
3273:
3266:
3256:
3254:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3183:
3179:
3140:
3136:
3099:
3095:
3062:
3058:
3045:
3041:
3010:
3006:
2965:
2961:
2951:
2949:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2934:
2930:
2883:
2879:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2849:
2845:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2818:
2812:
2808:
2798:
2796:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2752:
2748:
2703:
2699:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2668:
2666:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2625:
2623:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2605:
2601:
2591:
2589:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2565:
2563:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2540:
2538:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2483:
2476:
2467:
2458:
2448:
2446:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2426:
2424:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2401:
2399:
2394:
2393:
2386:
2376:
2374:
2369:
2368:
2361:
2353:
2349:
2318:10.2307/1006706
2298:
2294:
2272:
2263:
2255:
2251:
2241:
2239:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2215:
2213:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2188:
2186:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2138:
2131:
2122:
2115:
2107:
2103:
2094:
2085:
2076:
2072:
2062:
2060:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2040:
2026:
2022:
2006:
2002:
1992:
1990:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1946:
1942:
1932:
1930:
1919:
1908:
1888:
1887:
1879:
1872:
1862:
1860:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1840:
1838:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1813:
1812:
1796:
1795:
1783:
1782:
1761:
1760:
1753:
1733:
1729:
1719:
1717:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1600:
1565:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1505:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1459:
1443:
1360:
1307:venous channels
1287:, particularly
967:
961:
914:Perigonia lusca
838:
816:In the city of
790:their expulsion
742:
736:
683:
565:Cannabis sativa
473:
437:Southern Brazil
404:The indigenous
359:
336:
321:; from Spanish
287:
282:
276:
263:
149:
141:
132:Near Threatened
130:
126:
119:
90:
79:
73:
70:
67:
52:
39:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4255:
4245:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4099:wfo-0000729719
4090:
4077:
4064:
4051:
4038:
4025:
4012:
3999:
3986:
3973:
3960:
3947:
3934:
3921:
3908:
3895:
3882:
3869:
3856:
3846:
3831:
3815:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3737:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3624:
3622:
3618:
3617:
3609:
3608:
3601:
3594:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3567:
3566:External links
3564:
3562:
3561:
3499:
3437:
3399:
3361:
3335:(7): 877–878.
3313:
3286:
3264:
3232:
3177:
3134:
3107:Am J Clin Nutr
3093:
3056:
3053:. p. 693.
3039:
3004:
2977:(1): 549–566.
2959:
2948:. Ars-grin.gov
2937:
2928:
2877:
2863:
2843:
2806:
2781:
2746:
2697:
2676:
2654:
2633:
2611:
2599:
2573:
2548:
2526:
2497:Annual Reviews
2474:
2456:
2434:
2409:
2384:
2359:
2347:
2292:
2277:, ed. (1911).
2275:Chisholm, Hugh
2261:
2249:
2223:
2196:
2174:
2153:
2129:
2113:
2101:
2083:
2070:
2045:
2038:
2020:
2000:
1978:
1940:
1906:
1870:
1848:
1826:
1823:(Online). n.d.
1727:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1651:Ilex kudingcha
1644:
1636:Ilex vomitoria
1632:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1599:
1596:
1591:bladder cancer
1579:benzo(a)pyrene
1560:
1554:
1548:
1545:Benzo(a)pyrene
1500:
1498: 4.2–17.9
1494:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1469:rate) in 2022
1458:
1455:
1442:
1439:
1359:
1356:
1352:Miami, Florida
1330:Anglo Boer War
1278:flor de agosto
1057:in Spanish or
1031:in Spanish, a
973:Steaming mate
963:Main article:
960:
957:
909:type of beetle
862:Santa Catarina
844:Plantation in
837:
834:
754:Guaraní people
738:Main article:
735:
732:
682:
679:
530:in Spanish is
472:
469:
445:Southern Chile
364:[kaʔa]
306:
305:
298:
297:
289:
288:
283:
272:
271:
265:
264:
257:
255:
251:
250:
243:
239:
238:
233:
229:
228:
223:
219:
218:
213:
206:
205:
200:
193:
192:
187:
180:
179:
174:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
143:
142:
124:
121:
120:
115:
112:
111:
103:
102:
92:
91:
58:listed sources
55:
53:
46:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4254:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4100:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3847:
3842:
3836:
3832:
3827:
3821:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3799:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3730:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3713:Fermented tea
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3638:Buckwheat tea
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3614:
3607:
3602:
3600:
3595:
3593:
3588:
3587:
3584:
3577:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3557:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3506:
3504:
3495:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3444:
3442:
3422:
3418:
3417:
3409:
3403:
3384:
3380:
3379:
3371:
3365:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3317:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3283:
3279:
3278:
3271:
3269:
3252:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3236:
3228:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3201:(2): 730–50.
3200:
3196:
3192:
3191:) in Obesity"
3190:
3181:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3150:(2): 93–111.
3149:
3145:
3138:
3130:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3113:(4): 529–36.
3112:
3108:
3104:
3097:
3088:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3069:
3060:
3052:
3051:
3043:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3020:(3): 267–72.
3019:
3015:
3008:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2963:
2947:
2941:
2932:
2924:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2897:(2): 730–50.
2896:
2892:
2888:
2881:
2866:
2864:9780375711961
2860:
2856:
2855:
2847:
2828:
2824:
2817:
2810:
2795:
2791:
2785:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2750:
2742:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2717:(9): 788–94.
2716:
2712:
2708:
2701:
2686:
2680:
2664:
2658:
2643:
2637:
2621:
2615:
2608:
2603:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2536:
2530:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2489:
2481:
2479:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2444:
2438:
2423:
2419:
2413:
2397:
2391:
2389:
2372:
2366:
2364:
2356:
2351:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2296:
2288:
2287:
2281:
2276:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2258:
2253:
2237:
2233:
2227:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2200:
2184:
2178:
2163:
2157:
2142:
2136:
2134:
2126:
2120:
2118:
2110:
2105:
2098:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2080:
2074:
2059:
2055:
2049:
2041:
2039:9788526019331
2035:
2031:
2024:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2004:
1988:
1982:
1973:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1928:
1924:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1884:
1877:
1875:
1859:. harvard.edu
1858:
1852:
1836:
1835:"ITIS Report"
1830:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1809:
1808:HarperCollins
1805:
1804:
1799:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1769:
1764:
1757:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1738:
1731:
1715:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1694:
1685:
1681:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1595:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1492: 2.9–4.2
1486: 1.8–2.9
1468:
1463:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1447:good evidence
1438:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1343:
1342:Southern Cone
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1285:
1279:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1258:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1192:
1186:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1112:
1108:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1094:
1088:
1082:
1080:
1075:
1069:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1010:
1007:
1002:
998:
993:
988:
980:
976:
971:
966:
956:
954:
951:According to
949:
947:
943:
938:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
915:
910:
906:
905:
900:
896:
895:
889:
885:
882:
878:(Spanish) or
876:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
847:
842:
833:
831:
827:
823:
819:
814:
812:
808:
802:
800:
796:
791:
787:
783:
779:
774:
772:
767:
763:
759:
755:
746:
741:
731:
729:
725:
720:
718:
715:
711:
706:
702:(Spanish) or
700:
695:
691:
687:
678:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
655:
651:
646:
643:
636:
630:
625:
619:
614:
613:
606:
601:
600:
593:
587:
584:
578:
572:
567:
566:
561:
556:
550:
544:
539:
534:
528:
522:
520:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
494:
489:
483:
478:
468:
466:
462:
461:energy drinks
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
402:
400:
396:
395:
390:
389:
384:
380:
379:
374:
370:
367:) is a plant
365:
357:
353:
348:
342:
334:
330:
325:
320:
316:
312:
304:
299:
295:
290:
286:
281:
279:
273:
270:
269:Binomial name
266:
262:
261:
256:
253:
252:
249:
248:
244:
241:
240:
237:
236:Aquifoliaceae
234:
231:
230:
227:
224:
221:
220:
217:
214:
211:
208:
207:
204:
201:
198:
195:
194:
191:
188:
185:
182:
181:
178:
177:Tracheophytes
175:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
153:
148:
144:
138:
133:
122:
118:
113:
109:
104:
99:
96:
88:
85:
77:
74:December 2011
65:
64:
59:
54:
50:
45:
44:
41:
37:
33:
29:
22:
3810:
3678:Mountain tea
3673:Labrador tea
3643:Cannabis tea
3621:Types of tea
3524:(1): 26–41.
3521:
3515:
3459:
3453:
3428:. Retrieved
3414:
3402:
3390:. Retrieved
3376:
3364:
3352:. Retrieved
3332:
3326:
3316:
3304:. Retrieved
3276:
3255:. Retrieved
3244:
3235:
3198:
3194:
3188:
3180:
3147:
3143:
3137:
3110:
3106:
3096:
3080:(1): 25–36.
3077:
3073:
3067:
3059:
3049:
3042:
3017:
3013:
3007:
2974:
2968:
2962:
2950:. Retrieved
2940:
2931:
2894:
2890:
2880:
2870:10 September
2868:. Retrieved
2853:
2846:
2836:10 September
2834:. Retrieved
2827:the original
2822:
2809:
2797:. Retrieved
2793:
2784:
2759:
2755:
2749:
2714:
2710:
2700:
2688:. Retrieved
2679:
2667:. Retrieved
2657:
2645:. Retrieved
2636:
2624:. Retrieved
2614:
2602:
2590:. Retrieved
2585:
2576:
2564:. Retrieved
2560:
2551:
2539:. Retrieved
2529:
2492:
2486:
2447:. Retrieved
2437:
2425:. Retrieved
2421:
2412:
2400:. Retrieved
2375:. Retrieved
2350:
2312:(1): 29–53.
2309:
2306:The Americas
2305:
2295:
2284:
2280:"Maté"
2252:
2240:. Retrieved
2235:
2226:
2214:. Retrieved
2208:
2199:
2187:. Retrieved
2177:
2165:. Retrieved
2156:
2144:. Retrieved
2104:
2078:
2073:
2061:. Retrieved
2057:
2048:
2029:
2023:
2013:
2003:
1991:. Retrieved
1981:
1962:
1956:
1943:
1931:. Retrieved
1929:(in Spanish)
1926:
1882:
1861:. Retrieved
1851:
1839:. Retrieved
1829:
1818:
1815:"yerba maté"
1801:
1798:"yerba maté"
1788:
1785:"yerba maté"
1778:the original
1766:
1741:
1730:
1718:. Retrieved
1704:
1698:
1692:
1684:
1650:
1640:
1634:
1628:
1624:
1620:Ilex guayusa
1618:
1583:carcinogenic
1581:, which are
1568:
1541:Column chart
1526:
1518:
1508:
1444:
1407:theophylline
1392:
1377:
1346:
1314:Groot Marico
1311:
1288:
1282:
1274:
1196:
1156:
1154:
1149:
1129:
1125:
1117:
1102:
1098:vacuum flask
1090:and often a
1083:
1070:
1065:
1025:, or simply
1011:
1000:
984:
965:Mate (drink)
950:
946:smoky flavor
941:
939:
935:biopesticide
926:
912:
902:
892:
890:
886:
851:
815:
803:
775:
751:
721:
688:begins as a
685:
684:
674:
670:
666:
659:acute accent
653:
649:
647:
588:
563:
559:
537:
523:
518:
508:is from the
505:
501:
474:
434:
428:. After the
403:
392:
386:
376:
318:
314:
310:
309:
302:
277:
275:
259:
258:
246:
226:Aquifoliales
209:
196:
183:
170:
95:
80:
71:
60:
40:
21:Mate (drink)
4187:Herbal teas
4047:kew-2861242
3938:iNaturalist
3835:Wikispecies
3766:Korean pine
3633:Black drink
3613:Herbal teas
3576:JSTOR Daily
2586:Native Leaf
2499:: 257–289.
2242:29 December
2238:(in French)
2146:4 September
1841:26 February
1720:19 November
1623:, known as
1604:Black drink
1543:displaying
1480: 1–1.8
1451:body weight
1441:Weight loss
1403:theobromine
1368:La Boqueria
1209:), and the
1178:Mate batido
1172:Mate batido
1157:mate cocido
1121:mate cocido
848:, Argentina
836:Cultivation
820:, state of
818:Campo Largo
766:Alto Paraná
758:Tupí people
681:Description
495:expression
426:Alto Paraná
190:Angiosperms
101:Yerba mate
61:may not be
36:Yerba Buena
32:Yerba buena
4127:Yerba mate
4116:Categories
4042:Plant List
3786:Sicklepods
3746:Yellow tea
3733:Korean tea
3723:Oolong tea
3628:Barley tea
3615:or tisanes
2377:8 November
2167:2 December
2063:29 October
1837:. itis.gov
1758:required.)
1677:References
1614:Matte Leão
1517:(IARC) as
1425:, such as
1380:flavonoids
1201:, west of
1161:soft drink
933:used as a
881:ervateiros
875:yerbateros
826:Portuguese
583:Yerba mate
577:yerba mate
527:yerba mate
441:Gran Chaco
329:Portuguese
315:yerba-maté
311:Yerba mate
285:A.St.-Hil.
3756:Money tea
3741:Green tea
3718:Green tea
3698:Earl Grey
3663:Honeybush
3296:1017-1606
3195:Nutrients
2991:1543-5008
2891:Nutrients
2799:6 January
2776:145175412
2690:9 January
2566:9 January
2513:0066-4170
2396:"FAOSTAT"
2342:147135625
2326:0003-1615
2216:8 October
1891:cite book
1609:Club-Mate
1474: 0–1
1435:manganese
1431:magnesium
1427:potassium
1395:xanthines
1384:quercetin
1372:Barcelona
1326:Patagonia
1254:known as
1203:São Paulo
1185:chimarrão
1124:(or just
1105:green tea
1096:(thermal
992:chimarrão
717:alkaloids
694:evergreen
599:chimarrão
408:and some
333:erva-mate
254:Species:
160:Kingdom:
4177:Caffeine
4081:Tropicos
3969:10594259
3956:315555-2
3820:Wikidata
3658:Corn tea
3653:Coca tea
3556:30596334
3494:23101992
3430:29 April
3421:Archived
3392:29 April
3383:Archived
3381:. 2016.
3354:29 April
3349:27318851
3306:29 April
3300:Archived
3257:29 April
3251:Archived
3227:25621503
3172:25448193
3164:15836459
3144:Obes Rev
3129:15051593
2999:21275647
2923:25621503
2762:: 6–36.
2665:. Ma Tea
2663:"Terere"
2622:. Ma Tea
2592:28 March
2521:15012374
2427:28 March
2011:(1956).
1993:30 April
1951:(1998).
1933:25 March
1598:See also
1523:group 2A
1423:minerals
1399:caffeine
1244:bombilla
1191:cimarrón
1166:chá mate
1150:facturas
1135:chá mate
1079:lemonade
1053:bombilla
975:infusion
927:P. lusca
899:true bug
854:Misiones
846:Misiones
786:Misiones
714:xanthine
710:caffeine
635:chá mate
624:chá mate
488:Congonha
465:iced tea
414:Paraguay
399:caffeine
232:Family:
216:Asterids
203:Eudicots
137:IUCN 3.1
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4086:2000339
3917:5414252
3873:Ecocrop
3826:Q117068
3751:Red tea
3683:Rooibos
3547:6443446
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2541:18 July
2422:dol.gov
2402:5 April
2334:1006706
2125:"Yerba"
1863:4 March
1763:"yerba"
1737:"yerba"
1666:Guayaki
1656:Materva
1625:guayusa
1571:smoking
1531:group 3
1415:guarana
1374:, Spain
1348:Materva
1338:Alawite
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580:plant.
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430:Jesuits
422:Amambay
406:Guaraní
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1224:tererê
1217:tereré
1207:Paraná
1130:cocido
1074:matear
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1016:guampa
1006:tereré
868:, and
866:Paraná
822:Paraná
807:coffee
665:as in
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612:tereré
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543:hierba
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394:tereré
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3964:IRMNG
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3865:6N77Y
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1066:mates
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3990:IUCN
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2671:2013
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