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Other
Tibetan lineage holders include King Mutri Tsenpo, Prince Murum Tsenpo, Princess Ngang-chung Pelgyi Gyelmo. Nepalese lineage holders include Jila Jhipa, Vasudhara, Śākya Dema, Gelong Namkhai Nyingpo (whom she taught in Bhutan), yoginī Demo or Dewamo or Chonema or Dechenmo, Selta, and Lodro Kyi.
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advised Yeshe
Tsogyal that far from being a hindrance to enlightenment, as was generally accepted, a woman's body is an asset: "The basis for realizing enlightenment is a human body. Male or female, there is no great difference. But if she develops the mind bent on enlightenment the woman’s body is
1269:
From a historical perspective, however, this hagiography of Ye she's mtsho rgyal leaves some important questions unanswered... More basic yet is the question of whether Ye she's mtsho rgyal is a historical figure at all. The problem is that none of the contemporary epigraphy ever mentions a Ye shes
1424:
After succeeding in a variety of feats, including beheading a tiger, she gains access to an elaborate palace where she receives esoteric initiations from several vidyādharas and buddhas. She returns to
Chingpu and after a year is robbed by seven bandits whom she then converts to Buddhist practice.
1335:
Her spiritual inclinations were present from a very young age and Yeshe
Tsogyal wanted to pursue a life of dharma practice rather than marry. She felt so strongly about this, that she ran away and had to be brought back by force. At the age of sixteen, she was compelled into an unwanted arranged
1343:
It was after their marriage, that Tri
Songdetsen invited Padmasambhava to come to Tibet from India and propagate the Buddhist teachings. Yeshe Tsogyal was given by Tri Songdetsen to Padmasambhava as an offering. Padmasambhava freed Yeshe Tsogyal and she became Padmasambhava's main disciple and
1278:
There are no contemporary inscriptions that mention her, and so there is some question about whether she is really a historical figure. But she appears at a relatively early point—by at least the twelfth century—in the mythologized accounts of the conversion of Tibet to a
Buddhist country, and
1203:
Born a princess in the region of
Kharchen, Tibet, in about 777 CE, she fled from arranged marriages until captured for Tri Songdetsen. Yeshe Tsogyal lived for approximately 99 years and is a preeminent figure in the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism and a role model for contemporary spiritual
1279:
references to her clan title Mkhar chen Bza (Karchen Za) also make her historicity credible. It is certainly possible that there was such a queen who became involved in
Buddhist meditative practices, even if her story was elaborated greatly as the narrative of Tibet's conversion developed.
1283:
So whether there is enough historical evidence to confirm or deny Yeshe
Tsogyal as a historical figure, from the perspective of the spiritual traditions within which she is prominent, the details of her life are rich. Here are some of the details of Yeshe Tsogyal's conception and birth:
1425:
She proceeds with the bandits on a magic carpet to the place Oḍḍiyāna where they all receive peaceful and wrathful deity practice (zhitro) initiations from a vidyādhara, who gives her the secret name
Kharchen Za and cavorts in bliss with her.
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Along with the eleven main lineage holders, there were approximately 79 other students present during the final teachings of Yeshe Tsogyal. Some sources say that there were no less than 100 people present for these final teachings.
1256:
Given Yeshe Tsogyal's important place in the various schools of Tibetan Buddhism, there are questions about whether she is an actual historical figure. There are at least four translations of Yeshe Tsogyal's spiritual biography in
1606:. Keith Dowman, Eva van Dam, Gyalwa Changchub, and active 8th-9th century Nam-mkhaʼi-snying-po (edition arranged with Penguin Books, Ltd. ed.). Ithaca, N.Y.: Snow Lion Publications. pp. 338–339.
1542:, would be reborn as Machig’s only daughter, and so on. All of the important figures in Tsogyel’s life were to be reborn in the life of Machig Labdron, including Padmasambhava himself, who would become
1686:
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1165:"Knowledge Ocean", or by her clan name "Lady Kharchen", attained enlightenment in her lifetime and is considered the Mother of Tibetan Buddhism. Yeshe Tsogyal is the highest woman in the
1200:
and was also the main scribe for these terma. Later, Yeshe Tsogyal also hid many of Padmasambhava's terma on her own, under the instructions of Padmasambhava for future generations.
1373:, Yeshe Tsogyal has been an important role model. When she herself asked about "her inferior female body" (a common theme in the biographies of female spiritual practitioners),
1204:
practitioners. Although often referred to as being Padamasambhava's main consort, Yeshe Tsogyal was primarily a spiritual master and teacher in her own right.
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After many years of serious study and meditative practice, Yeshe Tsogyal's level of spiritual awakening, enlightenment, was equal to that of Padmasambhava.
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At the time of her death, Yeshe Tsogyal is known to have had eleven main students, both women and men. Yeshe Tsogyal's Zur Lineage holders include:
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Yeshe Tsogyal is also known to have spent many years in isolated meditation retreat. She accomplished several different cycles of
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who takes the form of an ordinary woman so as to be accessible to the average person, "who, for the time being, do not see her
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All of these practices brought Yeshe Tsogyal to awakening. Among lay Tibetans, she is understood as a fully enlightened
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practices. On the other hand, the one who originates the Treasures must have the supreme attainment of Buddhahood.
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spiritual practices that she received from Padmasambhava and various wisdom beings including the practices of
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As Dodrup Tenpai Nyima makes clear, beings able to reveal Termas must have at least the realization of the
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All of Yeshe Tsogyal's final teachings were given at the request of one of these eleven main disciples.
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Mikles, Natasha L. (Fall 2007). "A Tantrika in the Modern World: The Sexual Agency of Yeshe Tsogyal".
2176:
Gross, Rita M. (Winter 1987). "Yeshe Tsogyal: Enlightened Consort, Great Teacher, Female Role Model".
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mkha' 'gro'i gtso mo ye she mtso rgyal gyi thun min nang gi brda don gsang ba'i rnam thar chen mo
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1913:. Translated by the Padmakara Translation Group. Boston & London: Shambhala Publications.
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Love and Liberation: Autobiographical Writings of the Tibetan Buddhist Visionary Sera Khandro
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2012:
Gyatso, Janet (2005). "Ye she's mtsho rgyal (Yeshe Tsogyal)". In Jones, Lindsay (ed.).
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lineage. Some sources say she, as Princess of Karchen, was either a wife or consort of
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Queen Li-za Jangchub Dronma, or Jangchub Drolma (of Khotan), Queen of Tri Songdetsen
655:
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2133:
The Buddhist Path: A Practical Guide from the Nyingma Tradition of Tibetan Buddhism
1864:
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The Life and Visions of Yeshé Tsogyal: The Autobiography of the Great Wisdom Queen
308:
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mtsho rgyal, nor a Mkhar chen bra' (her clan title), at least as far as we know.
1262:
1192:, and is considered as a second buddha of our era. She is known to have revealed
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2194:
Meeting The Great Bliss Queen: Buddhists, Feminists, and the Art of the Self
2069:
Meeting the Great Bliss Queen: Buddhists, Feminists, and the Art of the Self
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1406:
1181:
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1575:
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1538:, Machig’s husband; her assistant and another of Padmasambhava’s consorts,
1048:
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193:
3535:
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2417:
1357:
1149:(c. 757 or 777 – 817 CE), also known as "Victorious Ocean of Knowledge", "
549:
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564:
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868:
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30:
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2016:. Vol. 14 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan. pp. 9881–9882.
1300:
According to legend, Yeshe Tsogyal was born in the same manner as the
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3018:
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2938:
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2530:
1603:
Sky Dancer : The Secret Life and Songs of the Lady Yeshe Tsogyel
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674:
444:
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1506:
Yeshe Tsogyal is also considered a manifestation of the Bodhisattva
902:
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1911:
Lady of the Lotus-born: The Life and Enlightenment of Yeshe Tsogyal
1332:), derives from her birth causing a nearby lake to double in size.
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sounding as her mother gave birth painlessly. She is considered a
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For example, one scholar relates how Yeshe Tsogyal received the
1215:
schools of Tibetan Buddhism recognize Yeshe Tsogyal as a female
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1949:
Sky Dancer: The Secret Life and Songs of the Lady Yeshe Tsogyel
1829:
1398:
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638:
361:
356:
351:
272:
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Padmasambhava predicted that Yeshe Tsogyel would be reborn as
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2713:
2703:
2107:
Mother of Knowledge: The Enlightenment of Ye-shes mTsho-rgyal
1438:
1402:
1321:
1244:
1150:
949:
907:
897:
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277:
267:
1930:"NEW TRANSLATION: 'Yeshe Tsogyel Guru Yoga' by 15th Karmapa"
5183:
4767:
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3226:
2723:
2027:
Journal of the International Association of Tibetan Studies
1369:
As to the question of the place of female practitioners in
880:
1274:
Even so, in another publication, this same scholar writes,
1176:, emperor of Tibet, when she began studying Buddhism with
5000:
4425:
2961:
1817:
1783:
1781:
1779:
2104:
1727:
2090:. Translated by Chonyi Drolma. Shambhala Publications.
2023:"A Partial Genealogy of the Lifestory of Yeshé Tsogyal"
1769:
quoted by Dro-drup-chen III in Gantok (1975), cited in
1227:, or spiritual biography, that Yeshe Tsogyal left as a
1776:
1805:
1738:
1736:
1927:
1835:
1657:
1456:
Monmo Tashi Khyidren, or Tashi Children (of Bhutan)
1748:
1733:
1645:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1888:"Biographies: Yeshe Tsogyal, Princess Of Karchen"
1696:
1347:
5993:
1908:
1719:
1675:
1459:Shelkar Dorje Tsomo, or Dorje Tsomo (of Shelkar)
1628:
2223:The Secret Symbolic Biography of Yeshe Tsogyal
4964:
2291:
2249:
1510:She is also considered to be an emanation of
1363:Kagyu Samye Ling Monastery and Tibetan Centre
1127:
167:
151:
3073:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
2085:
1909:Changchub, Gyalwa; Nyingpo, Namkhai (2002).
1723:
1483:Ukyi Nyima, or Surya Tepa (of central Tibet)
1251:
1207:Based on her spiritual accomplishments, the
1161:, ཡེ་ཤེས་མཚོ་རྒྱལ), or by her Sanskrit name
1184:. Padmasambhava is a founder-figure of the
4971:
4957:
2298:
2284:
1951:. Boston, MA: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
1416:to practice Zhitro from a wisdom being, a
1384:
1134:
1120:
1928:Dakini Translations (November 24, 2020).
1352:
1336:marriage with the then-emperor of Tibet,
2152:Lust for Enlightenment: Buddhism and Sex
1356:
4260:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
2149:
1965:
1863:
1847:
1811:
1651:
1599:
1468:Odren Zhonu Pel, or Odren Pelgyi Zhonnu
1243:is thus a testimony of Yeshe Tsogyal's
6032:Female buddhas and supernatural beings
5994:
4463:List of Buddhist architecture in China
2240:
2127:
2054:
2020:
2011:
1992:
1946:
1823:
1799:
1754:
1742:
1715:
1702:
1690:
1663:
4952:
2279:
2210:
2188:
2175:
2086:Kunga, Drime; Tsogyal, Yeshe (2017).
2063:
1787:
1770:
124:
16:First female lama in Tibetan Buddhism
4978:
1885:
1639:
1600:rdo-rje, Stag-śam Nus-ldan- (1996).
6052:Tibetan Buddhist spiritual teachers
2113:. Berkeley, CA: Dharma Publishing.
1966:Gardner, Alexander (January 2018).
1295:Amid the snowy mountains of Tibet.
1291:The swift goddess, heroic liberator
13:
6042:People whose existence is disputed
5473:Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche
4250:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
2169:
1993:Gayley, Holly (December 1, 2007).
1289:From the mouth of a lotus was born
604:Svatantrika-Prasaṅgika distinction
14:
6078:
1995:"The Many Lives of Yeshe Tsogyal"
5598:Rangjung Dorje, 3rd Karmapa Lama
5533:Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso Rinpoche
4931:
4921:
4920:
4478:Thai temple art and architecture
4223:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
2463:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
2329:
2316:
2306:
229:
29:
2330:
1760:
5478:Dzongsar Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö
4468:Japanese Buddhist architecture
4270:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
3350:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
2541:Places where the Buddha stayed
1857:
1720:Changchub & Nyingpo (2002)
1708:
1676:Changchub & Nyingpo (2002)
1593:
1348:Spiritual life and attainments
168:
152:
1:
5553:Mikyö Dorje, 8th Karmapa Lama
4483:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
2105:Nam-mkha'i snying-po (1983).
2046:: CS1 maint: date and year (
2029:(2). Harvard University: 1–27
2021:Gyatso, Janet (August 2006).
1581:
1501:
1471:Langlab Gyelwa Jangchub Dorje
4240:Buddhism and the Roman world
4216:Decline of Buddhism in India
4211:History of Buddhism in India
2311: Topics in
2154:. United States: Shambhala.
2059:. Columbia University Press.
1586:
1293:Who went forth in human form
7:
3438:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
3178:
2257:Tara's Enlightened Activity
2253:; Dongyal, Tsewang (2007).
1728:Nam-mkha'i snying-po (1983)
1549:
1444:
550:
10:
6083:
6047:Empresses consort of Tibet
6017:9th-century Tibetan people
6012:8th-century Tibetan people
4388:The unanswerable questions
2261:. Boulder, CO: Snow Lion.
2196:. Snow Lion Publications.
2135:. Snow Lion Publications.
1871:. Snow Lion Publications.
1836:Dakini Translations (2020)
1724:Kunga & Tsogyal (2017)
1437:form as a fully perfected
5923:
5842:
5786:
5750:
5593:Phagmo Drupa Dorje Gyalpo
5380:
5354:
5328:
5297:
5246:
5239:
5176:
5095:
5044:
4988:
4916:
4868:
4783:
4698:
4473:Buddhist temples in Korea
4396:
4298:
4181:
3878:
3806:
3633:
3506:
3446:
3081:
3036:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
2947:
2939:Three planes of existence
2887:
2732:
2624:
2554:
2546:Buddha in world religions
2408:
2353:
2325:
2055:Jacoby, Sarah H. (2015).
1474:Lasum Gyelwa Jangjub, or
1252:Biography and historicity
192:
185:
180:
176:
160:
144:
136:
115:
105:
95:
90:
86:
78:
72:
64:
59:
45:
40:
28:
21:
5468:Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche
5463:Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche
5158:Tibetan tantric practice
4255:Persecution of Buddhists
3476:Four stages of awakening
2857:Three marks of existence
2443:Physical characteristics
2071:. Boston: Beacon Press.
2014:Encyclopedia of Religion
633:Practices and attainment
621:Pointing-out instruction
532:Three marks of existence
146:Traditional Chinese
5693:Traleg Kyabgon Rinpoche
5663:Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche
5563:Nyoshul Khenpo Rinpoche
5508:Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo
5453:Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen
3618:Ten principal disciples
2501:(aunt, adoptive mother)
1385:Her spiritual practices
162:Simplified Chinese
6057:Tibetan Buddhist yogis
5568:Orgyen Chokgyur Lingpa
5518:Karma Thinley Rinpoche
5413:Chagdud Tulku Rinpoche
4328:Buddhism and democracy
3841:Tibetan Buddhist canon
3836:Chinese Buddhist canon
3068:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
3063:Early Buddhist schools
2150:Stevens, John (1990).
2036:– via thlib.org.
1947:Dowman, Keith (1984).
1934:Dakinitranslations.com
1524:Life of Yeshe Tsogyel,
1427:
1366:
1361:Yeshe Tsogyal statue,
1353:In the body of a woman
1298:
1281:
1272:
1249:
1241:Lady of the Lotus-Born
1221:Lady of the Lotus-Born
1180:, who became her main
1002:Tibetan Buddhist canon
5915:Tashilhunpo Monastery
5718:Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche
5713:Tsele Natsok Rangdröl
5688:Thubten Zopa Rinpoche
5433:Chökyi Nyima Rinpoche
5320:Drogön Chögyal Phagpa
5138:Preparatory practices
4338:Eight Consciousnesses
2448:Life of Buddha in art
2211:Kunga, Drime (2008).
1972:The Treasury of Lives
1453:Karchen Zhonnu Dronma
1422:
1360:
1286:
1276:
1267:
1233:
1219:. The translators of
577:Dependent origination
5880:Namdroling Monastery
5623:Second Beru Khyentse
5608:Rechung Dorje Drakpa
5493:Gorampa Sonam Sengye
5096:Individual practices
4815:East Asian religions
4245:Buddhism in the West
3816:Early Buddhist texts
3431:Four Right Exertions
2897:Ten spiritual realms
2390:Noble Eightfold Path
1892:Dharmafellowship.org
1566:Lamrim Yeshe Nyingpo
1076:History and overview
475:Samding Dorje Phagmo
340:Second dissemination
126:[jeɕetsʰocɛ]
5305:Khön Könchok Gyalpo
5177:Institutional roles
4938:Religion portal
4685:Temple of the Tooth
4564:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
3603:Upāsaka and Upāsikā
3096:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
2879:Two truths doctrine
2699:Mahapajapati Gotamī
2499:Mahapajapati Gotamī
2190:Klein, Anne Carolyn
2065:Klein, Anne Carolyn
1850:, "Machig Labdron".
1826:, pp. 150–187.
1407:karmamudrā practice
1330:ye shes mtsho rgyal
1159:ye shes mtsho rgyal
863:Institutional roles
302:First dissemination
101:ye shes mtsho rgyal
6002:8th-century births
5860:Dzongsar Monastery
5855:Dzogchen Monastery
4860:Western philosophy
4458:Dzong architecture
4280:Vipassana movement
4275:Buddhist modernism
3703:Emperor Wen of Sui
3471:Pratyekabuddhayāna
3404:Threefold Training
3206:Vipassana movement
2922:Hungry Ghost realm
2742:Avidyā (Ignorance)
2689:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
2438:Great Renunciation
2433:Eight Great Events
2315:
1405:(inner heat), and
1367:
1182:karmamudrā consort
1054:Tree of physiology
594:Four Tenets system
5989:
5988:
5910:Shechen Monastery
5870:Jokhang Monastery
5850:Drepung Monastery
5746:
5745:
5703:Trulshik Rinpoche
5603:Ratna Vajra Sakya
5523:Khamtrul Rinpoche
5423:Chetsang Rinpoche
5398:Anagarika Govinda
5346:Thang Tong Gyalpo
5163:Transfer of merit
4946:
4945:
4584:Om mani padme hum
4290:Women in Buddhism
4206:Buddhist councils
4076:Western countries
3864:Madhyamakālaṃkāra
3625:Shaolin Monastery
3202:Samatha-vipassanā
2812:Pratītyasamutpāda
2616:Metteyya/Maitreya
2534:
2526:
2518:
2510:
2502:
2494:
2486:
2363:Four Noble Truths
2268:978-1-55939-287-7
2178:The Tibet Journal
1865:Allione, Tsültrim
1790:, pp. 15–17.
1678:, p. xxxvii.
1613:978-1-55939-065-1
1480:Darcha Dorje Pawo
1144:
1143:
1106:Index of articles
722:Major monasteries
680:Tantra techniques
599:Rangtong-Shentong
507:10th Panchen Lama
296:Key personalities
206:
205:
202:
201:
187:Standard Mandarin
132:
131:
55:
54:
6074:
5946:Himachal Pradesh
5885:Palyul Monastery
5875:Kathok Monastery
5865:Ganden Monastery
5708:Tsangnyön Heruka
5698:Trijang Rinpoche
5678:Thrangu Rinpoche
5668:Tenzin Ösel Hita
5538:Lama Jampa Thaye
5528:Khandro Rinpoche
5443:Dezhung Rinpoche
5418:Chatral Rinpoche
5244:
5243:
5045:Practice systems
4982:
4981:Tibetan Buddhism
4973:
4966:
4959:
4950:
4949:
4936:
4935:
4924:
4923:
4763:Sacred languages
4611:Maya Devi Temple
4574:Mahabodhi Temple
4378:Secular Buddhism
4343:Engaged Buddhism
3183:
3031:Tibetan Buddhism
2982:Vietnamese Thiền
2581:Mahāsthāmaprāpta
2532:
2524:
2516:
2508:
2500:
2492:
2484:
2333:
2332:
2320:
2310:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2260:
2246:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2228:
2207:
2185:
2165:
2146:
2124:
2109:. Translated by
2101:
2082:
2060:
2051:
2045:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2017:
2008:
2006:
2005:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1962:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1924:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1882:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1785:
1774:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1731:
1712:
1706:
1700:
1694:
1688:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1626:
1625:
1597:
1561:Lady of the Lake
1556:Khandro Rinpoche
1462:Be Yeshe Nyingpo
1371:Tibetan Buddhism
1237:Perfection Stage
1190:Tibetan Buddhism
1136:
1129:
1122:
1059:Festival thangka
553:
526:General Buddhist
233:
223:
222:Tibetan Buddhism
208:
207:
178:
177:
172:
171:
170:
156:
155:
154:
128:
88:
87:
82:
81:
57:
56:
50:Tibetan Buddhism
33:
19:
18:
6082:
6081:
6077:
6076:
6075:
6073:
6072:
6071:
5992:
5991:
5990:
5985:
5919:
5900:Sanga Monastery
5895:Sakya Monastery
5838:
5782:
5742:
5633:Sogyal Rinpoche
5613:Reting Rinpoche
5503:Jamgon Kongtrul
5498:Gyalwang Drukpa
5428:Chögyam Trungpa
5376:
5350:
5324:
5293:
5289:Dudjom Rinpoche
5274:Patrul Rinpoche
5235:
5172:
5091:
5040:
4984:
4980:
4977:
4947:
4942:
4930:
4912:
4864:
4779:
4694:
4431:Ordination hall
4392:
4294:
4265:Buddhist crisis
4177:
3874:
3826:Mahayana sutras
3802:
3798:Thích Nhất Hạnh
3629:
3502:
3442:
3392:Bodhisattva vow
3077:
2943:
2883:
2842:Taṇhā (Craving)
2777:Five hindrances
2728:
2620:
2550:
2404:
2349:
2321:
2304:
2269:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2204:
2172:
2170:Further reading
2162:
2143:
2121:
2098:
2079:
2039:
2038:
2032:
2030:
2003:
2001:
1984:
1982:
1968:"Yeshe Tsogyel"
1959:
1938:
1936:
1921:
1900:
1898:
1879:
1869:Women of Wisdom
1860:
1855:
1854:
1846:
1842:
1834:
1830:
1822:
1818:
1810:
1806:
1798:
1794:
1786:
1777:
1765:
1761:
1753:
1749:
1741:
1734:
1713:
1709:
1701:
1697:
1689:
1682:
1674:
1670:
1662:
1658:
1650:
1646:
1638:
1629:
1614:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1552:
1534:, would become
1530:; her consort,
1504:
1465:Ma Rinchen Chok
1447:
1387:
1355:
1350:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1254:
1153:Lake Empress" (
1140:
1111:
1110:
1077:
1069:
1068:
1029:
1019:
1018:
1009:Mahayana sutras
985:
975:
974:
930:
920:
919:
864:
856:
855:
724:
714:
713:
634:
626:
625:
522:
512:
511:
502:14th Dalai Lama
497:13th Dalai Lama
481:
470:
452:
434:
416:
399:Patrul Rinpoche
341:
303:
298:
288:
287:
243:
221:
166:
150:
80:ཡེ་ཤེས་མཚོ་རྒྱལ
79:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6080:
6070:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5987:
5986:
5984:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5927:
5925:
5921:
5920:
5918:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5905:Sera Monastery
5902:
5897:
5892:
5890:Ramoche Temple
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5846:
5844:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5790:
5788:
5787:Ritual objects
5784:
5783:
5781:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5754:
5752:
5748:
5747:
5744:
5743:
5741:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5653:Tenga Rinpoche
5650:
5648:Tarthang Tulku
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5588:Penor Rinpoche
5585:
5580:
5575:
5573:Orgyen Tobgyal
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5448:Dilgo Khyentse
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5403:Arija Rinpoche
5400:
5395:
5393:Akong Rinpoche
5390:
5388:Trisong Detsen
5384:
5382:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5358:
5356:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5332:
5330:
5326:
5325:
5323:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5301:
5299:
5295:
5294:
5292:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
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5250:
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5241:
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5228:
5223:
5222:
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5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
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5186:
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5165:
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5130:
5125:
5120:
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5110:
5105:
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5084:
5079:
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5059:
5054:
5048:
5046:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4992:
4990:
4986:
4985:
4976:
4975:
4968:
4961:
4953:
4944:
4943:
4941:
4940:
4928:
4917:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4874:
4872:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4811:
4810:
4805:
4795:
4789:
4787:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4777:
4776:
4775:
4770:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4704:
4702:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4681:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4629:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4560:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4498:
4497:
4495:Greco-Buddhist
4487:
4486:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4446:Burmese pagoda
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4402:
4400:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
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4335:
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4310:
4304:
4302:
4296:
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4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4228:Greco-Buddhism
4225:
4220:
4219:
4218:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4187:
4185:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4161:United Kingdom
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4106:Czech Republic
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4066:
4056:
4055:
4054:
4044:
4043:
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4037:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3996:
3995:
3985:
3980:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3884:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3870:Abhidharmadīpa
3867:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3812:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3788:B. R. Ambedkar
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3708:Songtsen Gampo
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
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3628:
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3622:
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3620:
3610:
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3600:
3595:
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3518:
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3510:
3504:
3503:
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3500:
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3434:
3433:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3387:Eight precepts
3384:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3266:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3175:
3165:
3160:
3158:Five Strengths
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3098:
3093:
3087:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2953:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2899:
2893:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2797:Mental factors
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2738:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2649:Mahamoggallāna
2646:
2641:
2636:
2630:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2564:Avalokiteśvara
2560:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2528:
2520:
2512:
2504:
2496:
2488:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2414:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2365:
2359:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2303:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2267:
2251:Sherab, Palden
2247:
2238:
2213:Sherab, Palden
2208:
2203:978-1559392914
2202:
2186:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2161:978-0834829343
2160:
2147:
2141:
2129:Sherab, Palden
2125:
2120:978-0913546918
2119:
2111:Tarthang Tulku
2102:
2097:978-1611804348
2096:
2083:
2077:
2061:
2052:
2018:
2009:
1990:
1963:
1957:
1944:
1925:
1919:
1906:
1896:Gyalwa Karmapa
1883:
1878:978-1559391412
1877:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1848:Allione (2000)
1840:
1828:
1816:
1812:Stevens (1990)
1804:
1792:
1775:
1759:
1747:
1732:
1707:
1695:
1680:
1668:
1656:
1652:Gardner (2018)
1644:
1627:
1612:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1551:
1548:
1540:Tashi Khyidren
1528:Machig Labdrön
1516:Prajnaparamita
1503:
1500:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1446:
1443:
1386:
1383:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1338:Tri Songdetsen
1287:
1253:
1250:
1174:Tri Songdetsen
1142:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1131:
1124:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1044:Wall paintings
1041:
1036:
1030:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1014:Nyingma Gyubum
1011:
1005:
1004:
998:
997:
992:
986:
981:
980:
977:
976:
973:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
945:Galdan Namchot
942:
937:
935:Chotrul Duchen
931:
926:
925:
922:
921:
918:
917:
916:
915:
905:
900:
894:
893:
888:
883:
877:
876:
871:
865:
862:
861:
858:
857:
854:
853:
848:
843:
837:
836:
831:
826:
821:
815:
814:
809:
804:
799:
793:
792:
787:
782:
776:
775:
770:
765:
759:
758:
753:
748:
742:
741:
736:
731:
725:
720:
719:
716:
715:
712:
711:
706:
700:
699:
694:
689:
683:
682:
677:
671:
670:
665:
659:
658:
656:Avalokiteśvara
653:
647:
646:
641:
635:
632:
631:
628:
627:
624:
623:
618:
612:
611:
607:
606:
601:
596:
590:
589:
585:
584:
579:
573:
572:
567:
562:
556:
555:
546:
541:
535:
534:
528:
527:
523:
518:
517:
514:
513:
510:
509:
504:
499:
494:
492:5th Dalai Lama
489:
483:
482:
472:
471:
466:
465:
460:
454:
453:
448:
447:
442:
436:
435:
430:
429:
427:Rangjung Dorje
424:
418:
417:
412:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
380:
379:
375:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
343:
342:
337:
336:
331:
329:Trisong Detsen
326:
324:Songtsen Gampo
321:
316:
311:
305:
304:
299:
294:
293:
290:
289:
286:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
244:
239:
238:
235:
234:
226:
225:
217:
216:
204:
203:
200:
199:
196:
190:
189:
183:
182:
181:Transcriptions
174:
173:
164:
158:
157:
148:
142:
141:
134:
133:
130:
129:
122:
113:
112:
109:
103:
102:
99:
93:
92:
91:Transcriptions
84:
83:
76:
70:
69:
62:
61:
53:
52:
47:
43:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6079:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6062:Women mystics
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6037:Padmasambhāva
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5999:
5997:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5928:
5926:
5922:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5847:
5845:
5841:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5791:
5789:
5785:
5779:
5778:Tibetan canon
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5755:
5753:
5749:
5739:
5738:Zong Rinpoche
5736:
5734:
5733:Yudra Nyingpo
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5683:Thubten Yeshe
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5673:Thinley Norbu
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5618:Sakya Chokden
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5558:Namkhai Norbu
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5548:Marpa Lotsawa
5546:
5544:
5543:Ling Rinpoche
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5513:Kalu Rinpoche
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5458:Drukpa Kunley
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5385:
5383:
5379:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5362:Je Tsongkhapa
5360:
5359:
5357:
5353:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5327:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5315:Sakya Pandita
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5296:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5279:Dudjom Lingpa
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5259:Yeshe Tsogyal
5257:
5255:
5254:Padmasambhava
5252:
5251:
5249:
5245:
5242:
5238:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5220:
5219:Western tulku
5217:
5216:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5181:
5179:
5175:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5094:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5043:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4987:
4983:
4974:
4969:
4967:
4962:
4960:
4955:
4954:
4951:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4927:
4919:
4918:
4915:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4871:
4867:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4786:
4782:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4701:
4700:Miscellaneous
4697:
4691:
4690:Vegetarianism
4688:
4686:
4683:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4585:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4512:Buddha in art
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4491:
4488:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4395:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4301:
4297:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4166:United States
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4074:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4057:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4045:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3993:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3723:Padmasambhava
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3635:Major figures
3632:
3626:
3623:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3582:
3581:Western tulku
3579:
3578:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
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3519:
3517:
3514:
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3509:
3505:
3497:
3494:
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3478:
3477:
3474:
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3467:
3464:
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3459:
3457:
3454:
3453:
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3439:
3436:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3424:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3402:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3382:Five precepts
3380:
3379:
3378:
3375:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3360:Dhamma vicaya
3358:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3128:Buddhābhiṣeka
3126:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2940:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2772:Enlightenment
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2762:Dhamma theory
2760:
2758:
2757:Buddha-nature
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2596:Samantabhadra
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2529:
2527:
2521:
2519:
2513:
2511:
2505:
2503:
2497:
2495:
2489:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2352:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2301:
2296:
2294:
2289:
2287:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2270:
2264:
2259:
2258:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2239:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2174:
2173:
2163:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2142:9781559397988
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2099:
2093:
2089:
2084:
2080:
2078:0-8070-7306-7
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2049:
2043:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1958:0-7100-9576-7
1954:
1950:
1945:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1920:1-57062-544-1
1916:
1912:
1907:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1886:Anon (n.d.).
1884:
1880:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1849:
1844:
1837:
1832:
1825:
1824:Dowman (1984)
1820:
1814:, p. 71.
1813:
1808:
1801:
1800:Jacoby (2015)
1796:
1789:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1772:
1768:
1763:
1756:
1755:Gyatso (2005)
1751:
1744:
1743:Gyatso (2006)
1739:
1737:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1716:Dowman (1984)
1711:
1704:
1703:Gayley (2007)
1699:
1692:
1691:Gyatso (2006)
1687:
1685:
1677:
1672:
1666:, p. 85.
1665:
1664:Sherab (2010)
1660:
1653:
1648:
1641:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1596:
1592:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1512:Samantabhadrī
1509:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1426:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1375:Padmasambhava
1372:
1364:
1359:
1345:
1341:
1339:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1324:Lake Queen" (
1323:
1320:. Her name, "
1319:
1315:
1311:
1310:reincarnation
1307:
1303:
1296:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1264:
1261:, and one in
1260:
1248:
1246:
1245:enlightenment
1242:
1238:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1199:
1198:Padmasambhava
1195:
1191:
1188:tradition of
1187:
1183:
1179:
1178:Padmasambhava
1175:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1147:Yeshe Tsogyal
1137:
1132:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1023:
1022:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1000:
999:
996:
993:
991:
988:
987:
984:
979:
978:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
932:
929:
924:
923:
914:
913:Western tulku
911:
910:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
895:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
878:
875:
872:
870:
867:
866:
860:
859:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
838:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
816:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
794:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
777:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
760:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
743:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
726:
723:
718:
717:
710:
707:
705:
702:
701:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
684:
681:
678:
676:
673:
672:
669:
666:
664:
661:
660:
657:
654:
652:
649:
648:
645:
642:
640:
637:
636:
630:
629:
622:
619:
617:
614:
613:
609:
608:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
591:
587:
586:
583:
580:
578:
575:
574:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
557:
554:
552:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
536:
533:
530:
529:
525:
524:
521:
516:
515:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
487:Je Tsongkhapa
485:
484:
479:
478:
477:
476:
468:
467:
464:
461:
459:
458:Sakya Pandita
456:
455:
450:
449:
446:
443:
441:
438:
437:
432:
431:
428:
425:
423:
420:
419:
414:
413:
410:
407:
405:
404:Dudjom Lingpa
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
384:Yeshe Tsogyal
382:
381:
377:
376:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
344:
339:
338:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
309:Padmasambhāva
307:
306:
301:
300:
297:
292:
291:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
245:
242:
237:
236:
232:
228:
227:
224:
219:
218:
214:
210:
209:
197:
195:
191:
188:
184:
179:
175:
165:
163:
159:
149:
147:
143:
139:
135:
127:
123:
121:
118:
114:
111:Yeshé Tsogyel
110:
108:
104:
100:
98:
94:
89:
85:
77:
75:
71:
67:
63:
60:Yeshe Tsogyal
58:
51:
48:
44:
39:
35:Yeshe Tsogyal
32:
27:
23:Yeshe Tsogyal
20:
5658:Tenzin Palmo
5488:Ganden Tripa
5438:Dampa Sangye
5372:Panchen Lama
5310:Sakya Trizin
5269:Jigme Lingpa
5258:
4878:Bodhisattvas
4798:Christianity
4793:Baháʼí Faith
4658:Dharmachakra
4648:Prayer wheel
4638:Prayer beads
4406:Architecture
4285:969 Movement
4069:Saudi Arabia
4047:Central Asia
4040:South Africa
3862:
3845:
3778:Panchen Lama
3683:Buddhapālita
3279:Satipatthana
3274:Mindful Yoga
3187:Recollection
3101:Brahmavihara
2972:Japanese Zen
2967:Chinese Chan
2927:Animal realm
2734:Key concepts
2556:Bodhisattvas
2368:Three Jewels
2256:
2242:
2231:. Retrieved
2229:(in Tibetan)
2222:
2217:
2193:
2181:
2177:
2151:
2132:
2106:
2087:
2068:
2056:
2042:cite journal
2031:. Retrieved
2026:
2013:
2002:. Retrieved
1998:
1983:. Retrieved
1971:
1948:
1937:. Retrieved
1933:
1910:
1899:. Retrieved
1891:
1868:
1843:
1831:
1819:
1807:
1795:
1788:Klein (1995)
1771:Klein (1995)
1767:Jigme Lingpa
1762:
1750:
1745:, p. 2.
1710:
1698:
1671:
1659:
1647:
1602:
1595:
1576:Urgyen Tsomo
1544:Dampa Sangye
1523:
1505:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1448:
1428:
1423:
1411:
1388:
1380:
1368:
1342:
1334:
1329:
1316:own mother,
1299:
1288:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1255:
1240:
1234:
1220:
1206:
1202:
1162:
1158:
1146:
1145:
1049:Ashtamangala
1034:Sand mandala
874:Panchen Lama
841:Tashi Lhunpo
473:
394:Jigme Lingpa
383:
314:Śāntarakṣita
194:Hanyu Pinyin
6067:Women yogis
5941:Dharamshala
5843:Monasteries
5728:Vimalamitra
5583:Pema Lingpa
5240:Key figures
5226:Vajracharya
5153:Six Dharmas
5108:Empowerment
4723:Dharma talk
4552:Asalha Puja
4348:Eschatology
4151:Switzerland
4131:New Zealand
4059:Middle East
3968:Philippines
3888:Afghanistan
3693:Bodhidharma
3678:Buddhaghosa
3598:Householder
3508:Monasticism
3461:Bodhisattva
3316:Prostration
3269:Mindfulness
3197:Anapanasati
3180:Kammaṭṭhāna
2977:Korean Seon
2917:Asura realm
2912:Human realm
2852:Ten Fetters
2807:Parinirvana
2709:Uppalavanna
2674:Mahākaccana
2659:Mahākassapa
2591:Kṣitigarbha
2586:Ākāśagarbha
2483:Suddhodāna
2428:Four sights
2355:Foundations
2243:The Monitor
1999:Lion's Roar
1858:Works cited
1802:, p. .
1693:, p. .
1640:Anon (n.d.)
1532:Atsara Sale
1520:Vajrayogini
1476:Atsara Sale
1435:Vajravarahi
1414:empowerment
1395:Vajrakilaya
1231:, observe:
1213:Karma Kagyu
1163:Jñānasāgara
768:Mindrolling
565:Bodhisattva
367:Sukhasiddhi
357:Abhayakirti
198:Yìxī Cuòjié
6007:817 deaths
5996:Categories
5723:Vairotsana
5638:Tai Situpa
5578:Phabongkha
5367:Dalai Lama
5264:Longchenpa
5231:Vidyadhara
5103:Deity yoga
4989:Traditions
4840:Psychology
4820:Gnosticism
4808:Comparison
4803:Influences
4785:Comparison
4668:Bhavacakra
4626:Kushinagar
4601:Pilgrimage
4547:Māgha Pūjā
4502:Bodhi Tree
4318:Buddhology
4308:Abhidharma
4300:Philosophy
4233:Menander I
4101:Costa Rica
4052:Uzbekistan
3893:Bangladesh
3847:Dhammapada
3831:Pali Canon
3793:Ajahn Chah
3773:Dalai Lama
3673:Kumārajīva
3668:Vasubandhu
3643:The Buddha
3551:Zen master
3486:Sakadagami
3466:Buddhahood
3397:Pratimokṣa
3212:Shikantaza
3168:Meditation
3143:Deity yoga
3014:Madhyamaka
2907:Deva realm
2802:Mindstream
2752:Bodhicitta
2664:Aṅgulimāla
2531:Devadatta
2507:Yaśodharā
2410:The Buddha
2400:Middle Way
2233:2022-12-01
2184:(4): 1–18.
2033:2021-11-23
2004:2019-09-02
1985:2021-11-24
1939:2022-12-01
1901:2022-12-01
1773:, p.
1582:References
1536:Topabhadra
1502:Emanations
1418:vidyādhara
1365:, Scotland
1064:Mani stone
869:Dalai Lama
709:Buddhahood
697:Dream yoga
687:Deity yoga
663:Meditation
651:Bodhicitta
389:Longchenpa
319:Kamalaśīla
5971:Shambhala
5643:Taranatha
5113:Guru yoga
5087:Vajrayana
5082:Pure Land
5077:Mahamudra
5062:Kālacakra
4908:Festivals
4888:Buddhists
4850:Theosophy
4653:Symbolism
4643:Hama yumi
4616:Bodh Gaya
4383:Socialism
4358:Evolution
4333:Economics
4171:Venezuela
4086:Australia
4081:Argentina
4005:Sri Lanka
4000:Singapore
3918:Indonesia
3880:Countries
3821:Tripiṭaka
3783:Ajahn Mun
3658:Nagarjuna
3653:Aśvaghoṣa
3536:Anagārika
3531:Śrāmaṇerī
3526:Śrāmaṇera
3521:Bhikkhunī
3481:Sotāpanna
3370:Passaddhi
3311:Offerings
3286:Nekkhamma
3163:Iddhipada
3083:Practices
3053:Theravada
3026:Vajrayana
3019:Yogachara
2989:Pure Land
2902:Six Paths
2889:Cosmology
2669:Anuruddha
2644:Sāriputta
2634:Kaundinya
2626:Disciples
2601:Vajrapāṇi
2453:Footprint
2418:Tathāgata
1980:2332-077X
1587:Citations
1571:Mandarava
1522:. In the
1378:better."
1344:consort.
1170:Vajrayana
1151:Knowledge
928:Festivals
692:Guru yoga
675:Vajrayana
644:Pāramitās
544:Cosmology
520:Teachings
445:Taranatha
5966:Mongolia
5951:Kalmykia
5936:Buryatia
5628:Shamarpa
5336:Milarepa
5204:Rinpoche
5057:Dzogchen
4926:Category
4855:Violence
4825:Hinduism
4773:Sanskrit
4728:Hinayana
4713:Amitābha
4673:Swastika
4542:Uposatha
4532:Holidays
4517:Calendar
4363:Humanism
4201:Kanishka
4191:Timeline
4015:Thailand
3983:Kalmykia
3978:Buryatia
3963:Pakistan
3948:Mongolia
3943:Maldives
3938:Malaysia
3903:Cambodia
3768:Shamarpa
3763:Nichiren
3713:Xuanzang
3648:Nagasena
3566:Rinpoche
3296:Pāramitā
3138:Devotion
3058:Navayana
3046:Dzogchen
3009:Nichiren
2957:Mahayana
2949:Branches
2827:Saṅkhāra
2576:Mañjuśrī
2533:(cousin)
2525:(cousin)
2493:(mother)
2485:(father)
2473:Miracles
2423:Birthday
2340:Glossary
2313:Buddhism
2245:: 28–39.
2192:(2008).
2131:(2010).
2067:(1995).
1867:(2000).
1622:34470998
1550:See also
1445:Students
1314:Buddha's
1087:Timeline
955:Dosmoche
891:Rinpoche
780:Narthang
739:Dzogchen
616:Dzogchen
469:Bodongpa
372:Milarepa
334:Ralpacan
213:a series
211:Part of
46:Religion
41:Personal
6027:Dakinis
6022:Buddhas
5824:Thangka
5814:Serkyem
5768:Tengyur
5763:Kangyur
5483:Gampopa
5341:Karmapa
5247:Nyingma
5199:Rigdzin
5148:Sadhana
5118:Mandala
5026:Nyingma
4903:Temples
4883:Buddhas
4845:Science
4835:Judaism
4830:Jainism
4748:Lineage
4708:Abhijñā
4678:Thangka
4621:Sarnath
4606:Lumbini
4527:Funeral
4522:Cuisine
4398:Culture
4373:Reality
4323:Creator
4313:Atomism
4183:History
4156:Ukraine
4116:Germany
4035:Senegal
4025:Vietnam
3953:Myanmar
3753:Shinran
3743:Karmapa
3718:Shandao
3688:Dignāga
3613:Śrāvaka
3593:Donchee
3588:Kappiya
3546:Sayadaw
3516:Bhikkhu
3491:Anāgāmi
3448:Nirvana
3414:Samadhi
3301:Paritta
3242:Tonglen
3237:Mandala
3192:Smarana
3173:Mantras
3121:Upekkha
3091:Bhavana
3041:Shingon
2994:Tiantai
2847:Tathātā
2837:Śūnyatā
2832:Skandha
2822:Saṃsāra
2817:Rebirth
2792:Kleshas
2782:Indriya
2684:Subhūti
2569:Guanyin
2523:Ānanda
2515:Rāhula
2395:Nirvana
2335:Outline
2215:(ed.).
1391:tantric
1312:of the
1265:. Yet,
1259:English
1209:Nyingma
1186:Nyingma
1167:Nyingma
1099:Culture
1094:Outline
1082:History
1039:Thangka
995:Tengyur
990:Kangyur
970:Losoong
965:Sho Dun
886:Karmapa
846:Tsurphu
807:Ramoche
790:Pabonka
785:Nechung
773:Namgyal
763:Labrang
751:Jokhang
734:Drepung
729:Tradruk
704:Thukdam
610:Nyingma
588:Tibetan
560:Rebirth
551:Saṃsāra
539:Skandha
480:Gelugpa
463:Gorampa
440:Dolpopa
378:Nyingma
248:Nyingma
241:Schools
138:Chinese
74:Tibetan
66:Tibetan
5956:Ladakh
5931:Bhutan
5924:Places
5809:Phurba
5804:Ghanta
5799:Damaru
5758:Gyubum
5284:Mipham
5209:Tertön
5194:Ngakpa
5189:Khenpo
5168:Tukdam
5143:Refuge
5123:Mantra
5072:Lamrim
5067:Lamdre
5016:Jonang
4996:Bodong
4898:Sutras
4893:Suttas
4758:Siddhi
4743:Koliya
4718:Brahmā
4633:Poetry
4579:Mantra
4569:Kasaya
4441:Pagoda
4421:Kyaung
4416:Vihāra
4411:Temple
4353:Ethics
4196:Ashoka
4146:Sweden
4141:Poland
4136:Norway
4126:Mexico
4111:France
4096:Canada
4091:Brazil
4030:Africa
4010:Taiwan
3973:Russia
3898:Bhutan
3858:Vinaya
3738:Naropa
3728:Saraha
3663:Asanga
3419:Prajñā
3328:Refuge
3291:Nianfo
3252:Tertön
3247:Tantra
3232:Ganana
3222:Tukdam
3148:Dhyāna
3116:Mudita
3111:Karuṇā
3004:Risshū
2999:Huayan
2932:Naraka
2872:Anattā
2867:Dukkha
2862:Anicca
2767:Dharma
2719:Channa
2654:Ānanda
2639:Assaji
2606:Skanda
2509:(wife)
2478:Family
2458:Relics
2383:Sangha
2378:Dharma
2373:Buddha
2265:
2225:]
2200:
2158:
2139:
2117:
2094:
2075:
1978:
1955:
1917:
1875:
1726:, and
1620:
1610:
1518:, and
1431:Buddha
1399:Zhitro
1322:Wisdom
1306:mantra
1302:Buddha
1263:French
1225:namtar
1223:, the
1217:Buddha
960:Monlam
940:Dajyur
903:Tertön
802:Ralung
797:Palcho
756:Kumbum
746:Ganden
639:Lamrim
570:Dharma
433:Jonang
409:Mipham
362:Niguma
352:Talika
273:Jonang
263:Bodong
5976:Tibet
5961:Lhasa
5834:Yidam
5829:Vajra
5819:Stupa
5794:Chöda
5773:Terma
5751:Texts
5408:Atiśa
5381:Other
5355:Gelug
5329:Kagyu
5298:Sakya
5214:Tulku
5133:Phowa
5128:Mudra
5036:Sakya
5021:Kagyu
5011:Kadam
5006:Gelug
4870:Lists
4738:Kalpa
4733:Iddhi
4596:Music
4591:Mudra
4557:Vassa
4537:Vesak
4507:Budai
4453:Candi
4436:Stupa
4368:Logic
4121:Italy
4020:Tibet
3958:Nepal
3928:Korea
3923:Japan
3913:India
3908:China
3853:Sutra
3808:Texts
3758:Dōgen
3748:Hōnen
3733:Atiśa
3698:Zhiyi
3608:Achar
3576:Tulku
3571:Geshe
3556:Rōshi
3541:Ajahn
3496:Arhat
3456:Bodhi
3426:Vīrya
3343:Sacca
3338:Satya
3333:Sādhu
3321:Music
3264:Merit
3257:Terma
3217:Zazen
3153:Faith
3106:Mettā
2787:Karma
2747:Bardo
2714:Asita
2704:Khema
2694:Upāli
2679:Nanda
2517:(son)
2491:Māyā
2468:Films
2345:Index
2227:(PDF)
2221:[
1508:Tara.
1439:deity
1403:tummo
1326:Wylie
1229:terma
1196:with
1194:terma
1155:Wylie
983:Texts
950:Losar
908:Tulku
898:Geshe
851:Yerpa
834:Shalu
824:Sanga
819:Sakya
668:Laity
582:Karma
451:Sakya
422:Marpa
415:Kagyu
347:Atiśa
278:Gelug
268:Kagyu
258:Sakya
253:Kadam
117:Lhasa
97:Wylie
5981:Tuva
5184:Lama
5052:Chöd
5031:Rimé
4768:Pāḷi
4753:Māra
4663:Flag
4064:Iran
3988:Tuva
3933:Laos
3561:Lama
3409:Śīla
3377:Śīla
3365:Pīti
3355:Sati
3306:Puja
3227:Koan
3133:Dāna
2724:Yasa
2611:Tārā
2263:ISBN
2198:ISBN
2156:ISBN
2137:ISBN
2115:ISBN
2092:ISBN
2073:ISBN
2048:link
1976:ISSN
1953:ISBN
1915:ISBN
1873:ISBN
1714:See
1618:OCLC
1608:ISBN
1318:Maya
1304:, a
1211:and
881:Lama
829:Sera
812:Rato
283:Rimé
169:益西措嘉
153:耶喜措嘉
140:name
68:name
5001:Bön
4490:Art
4426:Wat
2962:Zen
1441:."
1027:Art
120:IPA
107:THL
5998::
3992:ru
2182:12
2180:.
2044:}}
2040:{{
2025:.
1997:.
1974:.
1970:.
1932:.
1894:.
1890:.
1778:^
1735:^
1722:,
1718:,
1683:^
1630:^
1616:.
1546:.
1514:,
1420::
1409:.
1401:,
1397:,
1340:.
1328::
1247:.
1157::
215:on
4972:e
4965:t
4958:v
3994:)
3990:(
3208:)
3204:(
2299:e
2292:t
2285:v
2271:.
2236:.
2206:.
2164:.
2145:.
2123:.
2100:.
2081:.
2050:)
2007:.
1988:.
1961:.
1942:.
1923:.
1904:.
1881:.
1838:.
1757:.
1730:.
1705:.
1654:.
1642:.
1624:.
1135:e
1128:t
1121:v
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