Gelug - Knowledge

3006: 2857: 27: 1636: 3584: 9524: 2359: 2069: 3598: 3379: 1785: 3350:, "although the Gélukpa tradition recognizes some people as tülkus—beings who are reincarnations of great lamas—the various levels of scholarly achievement are open to any male who is able to complete the program successfully." There are no major restrictions on a monk's ability to attain the various scholastic ranks and geshe degrees other than skill, and they may come from any social class, family or region. Several Westerners have completed the degree in the modern era. 1655: 9324: 431: 9335: 9394: 51: 3059: 6733: 6720: 3473: 3308: 9705: 1992: 6710: 2029:(1876–1933) Tibet reclaimed its independence from China and went through some reforms and modernization activities. The 13th focused on centralizing and modernizing the Tibetan state through developing a modern tax system, military, police and administration. These changes brought about some conflict from the elite Gelug institutions who were used to running their own finances, the most shocking of which was when the 1455:) and rigorous scholarship as well as for tantric practice. According to Sam van Schaik, while Tsongkhapa himself did not work to establish a brand new school per se, it was Tsongkhapa's disciples who took up the project of formally constructing a new school of Buddhism. Furthermore, van Schaik writes that "much of the credit for defining and defending the new school must go to Tsongkhapa’s student Khedrup." 1554: 2828:

deepen the understanding of emptiness through repeated familiarization. The more one trains in emptiness, the deeper one’s discernment becomes, until one transcends the need for conceptual thought, and one’s awareness of emptiness reaches the level of direct perception, such that when one considers a phenomenon in meditation, one immediately apprehends its absence of inherent existence.

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school as well any literature from the Sakya masters who had attacked Tsongkhapa were also banned and their woodblock prints were locked away. The Dalai Lama's attitude towards Nyingma was different, and he supported the collection and preservation of Nyingma texts, as well as personally patronizing the Mindroling monastery and their leaders Terdag Lingpa and Lochen Dharmashri.

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The rule of the 5th Dalai Lama also oversaw the repression of the schools of Tibetan Buddhism who were political enemies of the Gelug school and had supported the Tsang dynasty. After the war, many Kagyu and Jonang monasteries were forcefully converted to Gelug monasteries. The writings of the Jonang

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After the death of Tsongkhapa in 1419 (who at the time was already famous and had attracted numerous disciples) the Gelug (a.k.a. Ganden) order grew extremely quickly through the efforts of Tsongkhapa's disciples who founded numerous new monasteries and spread the doctrine throughout Tibet. The Gelug

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meditation) as a foundation, and thus, non-tantric Mahayana (and its three principal aspects of renunciation, bodhicitta and insight into emptiness) is seen as indispensable for Vajrayana in Gelug. Indeed, according to Tsongkhapa, without having ascertained emptiness, one cannot practice the tantric

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by about three decades. His autobiography and other works integrate the teachings of the Gelug tradition with that of the Nyingma school. Another Gelug master who was associated with non-sectarian activity was Minyak Kunzang Sonam (1823–1905). He was a Dzogchen practitioner and one of the four great

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as the central plank of spiritual practice. In particular, the need to pursue spiritual practice in a graded, sequential manner is emphasized. Arguably, Gelug is the only school of vajrayāna Buddhism that prescribes monastic ordination as a necessary qualification and basis in its teachers (lamas /

2521:) and provides a gradual, step by step path out of this state through diligent training, ethical action and contemplation. According to Powers "the path is envisioned as proceeding in hierarchically arranged stages, and trainees are expected to complete each level before moving on to the next one." 3065: 3048:

that is centered on the practice of guru yoga. Manjushri proceeded to give Tsongkhapa detailed teachings on all aspects of the aforementioned teachings and advised him to consolidate them all into a single practice. This was the impetus for the origins of Lama Chöpa. From these instructions there

3021:). There are two main lineages of this Ganden Mañjuśrī cycle of oral instructions, these are the Ensa tradition (stemming from Gyalwa Ensapa Losang Dondrup) and the Segyu lineage (stemming from Je Sherab Sengye). The teachings of the popular Lama Chöpa practice come down through the Ensa lineage. 2827:

The initial use of reasoning enables the meditator to recognize that all phenomena are empty of inherent existence, and the fact that one is able to demonstrate this through reasoned proofs makes the conviction unshakable. Merely gaining a conceptual apprehension, however, is not enough: one must

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is a central leader of the modern Tibetan diaspora and continues to advocate for Tibetan autonomy and human rights as well as continuing to teach Tibetan Buddhism throughout the world. The Dalai Lama has met with numerous political and religious leaders, as well as scientists and philosophers and

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According to Tsongkhapa, these three elements contain the essence of all Buddhist teachings and practices and are the common goal of all scriptures, treatises and tantras. Furthermore, according to Tsongkhapa, these are not just introductory or partial elements, but essential foundations for all

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were written by his disciples (like Khedrup Je and Tokden Jampel Gyatso). These texts developed the great myths of the Buddha Tsongkhapa (including stories of his previous births and his various mystical visions) and helped established the new identity of the Gelug school as an authentic lineage

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After attaining a monastic degree, it is common to enter a long meditation retreat, often lasting three years or proceed to tantric (Vajrayana) studies. According to Powers "the logic behind this system is based on the idea that one should first gain a thorough grounding in Buddhist scriptures,

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lively...The stated purpose of the exercise is to develop the intellects of the monks, and it is felt that direct dialectical confrontation accomplishes this goal by training them to defend philosophical positions, to think on their feet, and to critically examine their doctrines and positions.

1483:. His works would later be collected together with the works of Gyaltsap and Khedrup (who wrote numerous commentaries on Indian classics and on the works of Tsongkhapa) to become the main unique canonical collection of the Gelug school which is known as the “Father and Sons Collected Works” ( 3360:

the primary method of examination is oral debate, in which a monk must be able quickly to evaluate a wide range of philosophical positions, defend any of them against any other, and triumph (or at least hold his own) in a no-holds-barred intellectual contest. The debates are generally very

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Alexander Berzin notes that in Tibet, there used to only be two examinations (rgyugs-sprod): memorization exam (blo-rgyugs) and debate exams (rtsod-rgyugs). However, according to Berzin, "since the reforms of the Fourteenth Dalai Lama in India, they must also pass each year a written exam

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This turn of events provided the Gelug school with powerful patrons who were to propel them to political pre-eminence in Tibet. The Gelug-Mongol alliance was further strengthened as after Sonam Gyatso's death, his incarnation was found to be Altan Khan's great-grandson, who became the

1431: 1847:, was also a noted poet, but he wrote mainly on Buddhist and spiritual themes. The 7th Dalai Lama Kelzang Gyatso was a highly learned Buddhist scholar and wrote hundreds of titles on various Buddhist topics. During the time of the 7th, Tibet also became a protectorate of the 2813:

The correct view of emptiness is initially established through study and reasoning in order to ascertain if phenomena are the way they appear. Gelug texts contain many explanations to help one obtain a conceptual understanding of emptiness and to practice insight meditation

3063: 1807:) of the Mongolian Gelug tradition. Zanabazar was a great Mongolian polymath who excelled in painting, sculpture, poetry, scholarship and languages. He is credited with having launched a renaissance of Mongolian culture in the seventeenth century, with having created the 1627:. The influence of the Gelug school on Mongolian Buddhism remains strong today. According to Thupten Jinpa "an important legacy of this relationship has been the tradition of young Mongols studying at the great Geluk centers of learning in Amdo and central Tibet." 2386:

Tsongkhapa's works contain a systematic synthesis of Buddhist doctrine which provides a comprehensive vision of the Buddhist path, based on classical Indian Mahayana and Vajrayana. The main Mahayana teachings are found in various texts such as Tsongkhapa's the

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There is a saying in the Gelug, "If one is on the move it is Guhyasamāja. If one is still, it is Guhyasamāja. If one is meditating, it should be upon Guhyasamāja." Therefore, whether one is engaged in study or practice, Guhyasamāja should be one's

1769:. The institutions of the Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama each participate in the process of recognizing each other's reincarnations. Lobsang Chökyi Gyaltsen was a prolific scholar and a great yogi who is particularly known for his writings on Gelug 1715:, and spurred a major renaissance in art and book printing. From the period of the 5th Dalai Lama in the 17th century, the Dalai Lamas held political control over central Tibet. The core leadership of this government was also referred to as the 3499:

Ganden Tripa is an elected position held by the most senior ex-abbots of Gyume and Gyuto Upper and Lower Tantric Colleges. The office lasts for seven years only. This is in contrast to the other Tibetan schools, who are led either by specific

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philosophy, doctrines, and practice before engaging in full-time meditation. Trainees who thoroughly understand what they are meditating on will be less likely to go astray in meditation than those whose understanding is merely superficial."

389:'s school was called "Ganden Choluk" meaning "the Spiritual Lineage of Ganden". By taking the first syllable of 'Ganden' and the second of 'Choluk', this was abbreviated to "Galuk" and then modified to the more easily pronounced "Gelug". 1522:). Meanwhile, among the other Tibetan schools, Tsongkhapa now came to be considered "a force to be reckoned with, someone whose vision, ideas, and writings had to be understood in relation to their own cherished lineage and tradition." 2538:

in higher realms. Spiritual practices that are taught for this motivation include contemplating the preciousness of our human rebirth, turning away from the eight worldly concerns, contemplating the suffering of lower rebirths,

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based on the works of Tsongkhapa. According to John Powers, Tsongkhapa's work "contains a comprehensive view of Buddhist philosophy and practice that integrates sutra and tantra, analytical reasoning, and yogic meditation."

2820:). Gelug meditation includes an analytical kind of insight practice which is "the point-by-point contemplation of the logical arguments of the teachings, culminating in those for the voidness of self and all phenomena." 1899:. According to Daniel Cozort, Jamyang's works "are the most comprehensive of the tenets texts" (in Tibetan Buddhism). His reincarnation, Gönchok Jikmé Ongpo (1728–1791), is also known for his shorter tenets text called 4239:

And as we have seen in the previous chapter, the Ge-lug-pa sect in 1640, under its fifth Grand Lama, leapt into temporal power as the dominant sect in Tibet, and has ever since remained the Established Church for the

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For Tsongkhapa, the training in insight and wisdom is closely associated with training in compassion. Training in insight into emptiness deepens compassion and vice verse. Both reinforce and strengthen each other.

4874:"I'm messenger of India's ancient thoughts": Dalai Lama; 14 November 2009; Itanagar. Indian Express Newspaper; Hindustan Times Newspaper; PTI News; Dalai Lama Quotes Page – USATODAY.com; Official website; 1466:

and Dülzin Drakpa Gyaltsen. Other important students of Tsongkhapa were Tokden Jampel Gyatso; Jamyang Chöjé and Jamchen Chöjé (the founders of Drepung and Sera monasteries, respectively); and Gendün Drup the

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The Gelug school developed a highly structured system of scholastic study which was based on the memorization and study of key texts as well as formal debate. The primary topics and texts used in study are:

1719:. According to Thupten Jinpa, the 5th Dalai Lama's rule "would bring Tibet into a semblance of political unity for the first time since the collapse of the Tibetan empire some seven hundred years earlier." 1421:

in the world). According to Sam van Schaik these Gelug centers "came to form a triumvirate of massive Gelug monasteries that would dominate the religious and political life of Central Tibet for centuries."

4849: 4893: 3426:, the 1st Dalai Lama. These four were the largest and most powerful Gelug monasteries in Tibet. Before the Chinese occupation Ganden and Sera each had about 5,000 monks, while Drepung housed over 7,000. 3062: 3260:) which were written to explain further scholastic details and interpretative issues. The various sets of Gelug textbooks differ on numerous fine points of interpretation. Major textbook sets include: 4856: 1858:

The 8th, 9th, 10th. 11th and 12th Dalai Lamas all died young and were not significant figures. Tibet was ruled by a series of regents during this period and experienced much political instability.

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The Fifth Dalai Lama was a prolific author and scholar. According to Jinpa "the Fifth Dalai Lama was personally an ecumenist who revered Tibet’s other major Buddhist traditions, especially the

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Tsongkhapa rejects the idea that all intellectual effort, concepts, and mental activity are obstacles to spiritual understanding. He also rejects certain views of emptiness, particularly the

1402:, and Buddhist practice. Tsongkhapa's numerous works on philosophy and tantric practice were widely influential and they marked a turning point in the history of Tibetan Buddhist philosophy. 5573: 3534:, the Chagkya Dorje Chang, Ngachen Könchok Gyaltsen, Kyishö Tulku Tenzin Thrinly, Jamyang Shepa, Phurchok Jampa Rinpoche, Jamyang Dewe Dorje, Takphu Rinpoche, Khachen Yeshe Gyaltsen 1375:(1349–1412), the Drikung Thil scholar Chenga Chokyi Gyalpo, the Kadam mystic Lama Umapa, the Jonang master Bodong Chokley Namgyal and the Dzogchen master Drupchen Lekyi Dorje. 10198: 10193: 1510:

in the east." John Powers also notes that during the following centuries the Gelug school "continued to produce an impressive number of eminent scholars and tantric adepts."

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Some western students of diaspora Gelug lamas (some of which spent time as monastics) have also become scholars of Buddhism as well as translators and teachers, including

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As the name indicates, this is a gradual path model in which the practitioner accomplishes varying stages of contemplation and training based on classical Indian

1537:, and Shākya Chokden. Their critique would be countered by the works of numerous Gelug scholars, such as Lekpa Chöjor (a.k.a. Jamyang Galo, 1429–1503), the first 4897: 3323:

of the root text and sometimes of its commentaries. It continues with the interpretation of the root text through commentaries, and culminates in dialectical

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depicting Je Tsongkapa at the center of the tree surrounded by Indian and Tibetan Buddhist masters. Thangkas like these are often used as a focus for taking

3040:, using these as a means of increasing wisdom and overcoming obstacles. With this as the foundation for his tantric practice he should establish a basis of 1955:

According to Roger R. Jackson, this text is "arguably the widest-ranging account of religious philosophies ever written in pre-modern Tibet." This work of

1839:(1683–1706) was an unconventional figure who liked to live as a layperson, refused monastic vows, drank alcohol, slept with women and write love poems and 7474: 4853: 2614:) that give rise to samsara (attachment, anger, pride, ignorance, wrong views, and doubt) as well as the analysis of samsara contained in the 12 links of 2452:

and other Indian Madhyamaka authors. According to Gelug scholastics, Tsongkhapa's presentation of the stages of the path is traced through Atisha back to

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fled for China after losing a power struggle with the Dalai lama. The 13th Dalai Lama also launched a new modern printing of the Tibetan Buddhist canon.

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The Life of Shabkar: The Autobiography of a Tibetan yogin by Źabs-dkar Tshogs-drug-raṅ-grol, Matthieu Ricard. State University of New York Press: 1994.

2048:" began, spearheaded by the sectarian tendencies of Pabongkha. This division within the Gelug order was based on the worship of a protector deity named 8389: 6864: 3440:), was founded in 1709 by the first Jamyang Zhaypa, Ngawang Tsondru. Many Gelug monasteries and temples were also built throughout Tibet as well as in 2691:

methods to aid in the speedy attainment of Buddhahood. Higher motivations are said to build on, but not to subvert the foundation of the earlier ones.

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and with widely promoting Buddhism among the Mongols. Zanabazar also oversaw the construction of numerous major Gelug monasteries in Mongolia, such as

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tradition. The "Great Fifth" wrote numerous works and revealed a cycle of Dzogchen teachings. One of his students (and political successor as regent),

1333: 5091: 2323:. These were known as the “Three Polymaths”, which were Tséten Zhabdrung (1910–1985), Mugé Samten (1914–1993), and Dungkar Lozang Trinlé (1927–1997). 10548: 4824: 3013:

The Gelug tradition also has a unique lineage of oral instructions which is traced back to the teachings received by Tsongkhapa from the bodhisattva

5145: 10454: 2235: 1883:) became a particularly important element of Gelug education and scholarship. Perhaps the most influential Gelug doxographer was the great scholar 1390:(stages of the path) with the Vajrayana teachings of the Sakya, Kaygu and Jonang schools. He also emphasized monasticism and a strict adherence to 2087:

XXVI conference, 2013. The Mind and Life institute has been a series of dialogues on Buddhism and science, and these have influenced the field of

8393: 3492:, Ganden Throne Holder), an office which became the official head of the entire Gelug school. The lineage is still held by the present holder is 2918:

The Gelug school also follows Tsongkhapa's view that Vajrayana is only differentiated from sutra by its special method, the esoteric practice of

8617: 4252: 3762: 1944:, compiled a collection of the canon in four languages (Chinese, Manchurian, Mongolian and Tibetan) and also supervised the translation of the 3480:

After Tsongkhapa's passing, his teachings were held and spread by Gyaltsab Je and Khedrup Gelek Pelzang, who were his successors as abbots of

10165: 1695:, Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso (1617–1682), was the first in his line to hold full political and spiritual power in Tibet. He established a formal 4268:, p. 249. English translation by Edward Fitzgerald, published 1960. Reprint, with updated new chapter, (1986): Wisdom Publications, London. 10553: 6834: 9635: 5249:

Tsongkhapa’s Coordination of Sūtra and Tantra: Ascetic Performance, Narrative, and Philosophy in the Creation of the Tibetan Buddhist Self

2424: 1684:(1595–1657), treasurer of the Ganden Palace, was the prime architect of the Gelug's rise to political power. Later he received the title 9630: 1951:

During the 18th century, Thuken Losang Chökyi Nyima (1737–1802), a student of Changkya, took the tenets genre one step further with his

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school, who wrote critiques of Tsongkhapa's philosophy, such as Rongton Shakya Gyaltsen (1367–1449) (and his work led to a response by

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This initial period of growth also saw scholastic debates and exchanges between the new Gelug tradition and the earlier sects like the

6677: 10429: 10013: 6699: 6499: 5974: 5656: 1372: 160:(c. 11th century). The school of New Kadam, or New Kadampa is an offshoot of the Gelug-tradition. Furthermore, it is also called the 10130: 9814: 5629: 5502: 2584:

and a desire for true freedom. This comes from contemplating how all forms of rebirth (even the highest forms) are unsatisfactory (

1533:). This debate over Tsongkhapa's madhyamaka interpretation was then taken up by a trio of Sakya school thinkers: Taktsang Lotsawa, 9871: 4797: 2848:

gurus). Lay people are usually not permitted to give initiations if there are teachers with monastic vows within close proximity.

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By the end of the fifteenth century, Tsongkhapa had come to be seen as a second Buddha among in the Gelug tradition, and various

1459: 134: 35: 3366:(bri-rgyugs), a poetry composition exam (rtsom-bri), and a Tibetan culture and religious history exam (rgyal-rabs chos-byung)." 1541:

Lozang Chökyi Gyaltsen (1507–1662), Jetsun Chökyi Gyaltsen (1469–1544/46), Sera Jetsun Chökyi Gyaltsen, Panchen Delek Nyima and

10811: 9922: 9768: 9645: 9523: 8864: 6844: 2856: 2788: 2331: 2119:. The three major Gelug monastic colleges (Sera, Drepung and Ganden) were recreated in India. The Dalai Lama's current seat is 1326: 803: 196: 5319: 5135:

Harvey, Peter. An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices (Introduction to Religion) 2nd Edition, page 208.

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Harvey, Peter. An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices (Introduction to Religion) 2nd Edition, page 341.

4894:"The Dalai Lama, President Obama and Pope Francis at Highest Levels of Popularity in U.S. and Five Largest European Countries" 4845: 1861:

During the 17th and 18th centuries, Gelug figures continued to produce new scholastic works. The development of the "tenets" (

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who was said to punish Gelugs who entered into practices from other Buddhist schools. 13th Dalai Lama (who himself practiced

5474: 3749:"The Setting of the New Kadampa Tradition (NKT) / Kadampa Meditation Centres (KMC), Dorje Shugden & Dalai Lama protests" 2009:

yogi who is particularly known for his non-sectarian study of various Tibetan Buddhist traditions, especially the Gelug and

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According to Thupten Jinpa, by the end of the fifteenth century, the "new Ganden tradition had spread through the entire

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The Buddhism of Tibet or Lamaism: with its Mystic Cults, Symbolism and Mythology, and in its Relation to Indian Buddhism

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Newland, Guy, Changing Minds: Contributions to the Study of Buddhism and Tibet in Honor of Jeffrey Hopkins 2001 p. 155

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Khedrup Gelek Pelzang, 1st Panchen Lama (1385–1438 CE), the main leader of the Gelug school after Tsongkhapa's death

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since the end of the 16th century (religiously and politically). Another alternative name for this tradition is the

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and contemplating the karmic law of cause and effect. Another important element for this level is the practice of

1417:(in 1419), which became the "great three" Gelug monasteries (and eventually they would become some of the largest 10925: 10806: 10640: 10088: 10048: 9781: 9640: 9271: 9261: 7090: 5721: 3509: 2986: 1526: 1356: 1243: 457: 172:("Ganden Throne Holder") is the official head of the school, though its most influential political figure is the 10483: 10449: 10258: 9861: 9681: 9216: 8869: 8671: 8562: 8507: 7080: 4629: 4266:

Tibet is My Country: Autobiography of Thubten Jigme Norbu, Brother of the Dalai Lama as told to Heinrich Harrer

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Jackson, Roger, "The dGe ldan-bKa' brgyud Tradition of Mahamudra How Much dGe ldan? How Much bKa' brgyud?" in

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The Ri-Me Philosophy of Jamgon Kongtrul the Great: A Study of the Buddhist Lineages of Tibet by Ringu Tulku,

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Dreyfus, Georges. The Sound of Two Hands Clapping The Education of a Tibetan Buddhist Monk, 2003, page 118.

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Dreyfus, Georges. The Sound of Two Hands Clapping The Education of a Tibetan Buddhist Monk, 2003, page 108.

2335: 1937: 1735: 1726:." In this he was influenced by his teacher Paljor Lhundrup who was a Gelug monk and master of the Nyingma 1399: 1921: 1907: 10306: 10098: 10058: 9804: 9591: 8460: 8369: 7839: 7484: 6997: 6892: 1281: 921: 8004: 5767: 4657: 1945: 1924:

is also known for his knowledge of languages and translation work and for being the main teacher in the

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Manjushri's Innermost Secret: A Profound Commentary of Oral Instructions on the Practice of Lama Chöpa,

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All Gelug colleges study commentaries to these texts written by Tsongkhapa, Gyaltsab Je and Kedrub Je.

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Manjushri instructed Tsongkhapa to combine the teachings on the clear light and illusory body from the

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Buddhism. The presentation of the Buddhist path begins with beings on the lowest level (those who have

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Kunkyen Jamyang Zhepa (1648–1721), studied at Drepung Gomang College, Drepung Deyang College, Labrang

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degree, a title rare and difficult to obtain which can take 15 to 25 years to complete. According to

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Numerous other Gelug teachers now teach in the West and Gelug centers have become a regular part of

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The Wisdom Chapter: Jamgön Mipham's Commentary on the Ninth Chapter of The Way of the Bodhisattva.

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The Wisdom Chapter: Jamgön Mipham's Commentary on the Ninth Chapter of The Way of the Bodhisattva.

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region one finds some of the oldest Gelug monasteries on the eastern plateau such as Dhe-Tsang.

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After the study of the exoteric texts, a monk may then enter the esoteric study and practice of

2802:. According to Jay Garfield, Tsongkhapa's view is "a synthesis of the epistemology and logic of 2524:

The Lamrim teachings are commonly organized based on three main graduated scopes of motivation:

1738:, astrology, biography and calligraphy. He is the author of the important Tibetan medical text, 1584:. "Dalai" is a translation into Mongolian of the Tibetan name "Gyatso" (ocean). Gendün Drup and 1479:

college. By the end of the fifteenth century, the collected works of Tsongkhapa had been set on

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Buddhist Philosophy: Losang Gönchok's Short Commentary to Jamyang Shayba's Root Text on Tenets,

3419: 3353: 3347: 2933:, a text which he considered to be the "king of tantras". Tsongkhapa referred to himself as a " 2615: 2319:

period, three Gelug scholars became important figures in the revival of Tibetan studies in the

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The Nectar of Manjushri's Speech: A Detailed Commentary on Shantideva's Way of the Bodhisattva

4360: 4354: 2338:. The Gelug tradition also has a strong traditional presence in modern Russian Republics like 10876: 10732: 10727: 10704: 10471: 10150: 10123: 10083: 10038: 9991: 9971: 9914: 9754: 9726: 9719: 9256: 9226: 8807: 8739: 8572: 8487: 8482: 8406: 8401: 8319: 6849: 6600: 6403: 6373: 5916: 5793: 5211:

Ray, Reginald. Indestructible Truth The Living Spirituality of Tibetan Buddhism, page 196-197

3538: 3161: 2456:(who received it from Manjushri). Tsongkhapa is also said to have incorporated elements from 2171: 2100: 1800: 1766: 967: 513: 495: 249: 177: 7872: 5113:

Transcription of a seminar, Dharamsala, India, October 1976; translated by Alexander Berzin.

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Paper given on 7th Conference of International Association For Tibetan Studies in June 1995

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The 20th century saw several influential figures emerge from Gelug institutions, including

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Monastery, and most monasteries in Inner and Outer Mongolia, Buryatia, Kalmykia, and Tuva.

3049:

arose a very secret system of guru yoga that was transmitted orally from guru to disciple.

2871:

of the Gelug school are also integrated into the stages of the path model by Tsongkhapa's

2444: 1607:, and supported the establishment of monasteries and the translation of Buddhist texts to 8: 10687: 10520: 10218: 10160: 9929: 9535: 9086: 8965: 8799: 8774: 8764: 8724: 8701: 8584: 8557: 8517: 8436: 8426: 8354: 8281: 7712: 7569: 7350: 7328: 7280: 7100: 6900: 6756: 6736: 5838: 3611: 2955: 2880: 2262: 2219: 2144: 2104: 2076: 2037: 1298: 1293: 862: 440: 392:

The Gelug school was also called the "New Kadam", because it saw itself a revival of the

7060: 6987: 6393: 6353: 4616:

The Crystal Mirror of Philosophical Systems: A Tibetan Study of Asian Religious Thought.

3796:

Ray, Reginald. Indestructible Truth: The Living Spirituality of Tibetan Buddhism, Ch. 8.

3748: 3319:

For each topic studied, the procedure is similar. The process starts with the heuristic

3191:

Six texts by Tsongkhapa are also a prime source for the studies of the Gelug tradition:

2799: 2573: 2068: 1688:, meaning "Regent", which he would earn through his efforts to establish Gelugpa power. 10863: 10828: 10645: 10615: 10461: 10330: 10273: 10073: 10068: 10053: 9149: 9054: 8896: 8859: 8854: 8784: 8734: 8681: 8676: 8547: 8542: 8537: 8527: 8512: 8497: 8492: 8431: 8411: 8374: 8299: 8104: 7805: 7729: 7607: 7549: 7390: 7290: 7218: 7193: 6839: 6769: 6616: 6545: 6540: 6088: 4246: 3545: 3332: 2627:

The highest scope suitable for those who have great compassion and thus seek to attain

2607: 2535: 2518: 2370: 2358: 1742:

commissioned a set of medical paintings and wrote a biography of the Fifth Dalai Lama.

1731: 1608: 1480: 1253: 979: 938: 793: 759: 743: 57:(center), the most influential figure of the contemporary Gelug tradition, at the 2003 8948: 6113: 4645:

Mipham's Beacon of Certainty: Illuminating the View of Dzogchen, the Great Perfection,

4077:

Mipham's Beacon of Certainty: Illuminating the View of Dzogchen, the Great Perfection,

2162:

Perhaps the largest religious organization associated with the Gelug tradition is the

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Liberation in the Palm of Your Hand: A Concise Discourse on the Path to Enlightenment

4724: 4598: 4548: 4514: 4421: 4364: 4333: 4269: 4230: 4185: 4177: 4157: 4033: 4003: 3946: 3844: 3453: 3429: 3411: 3281: 3180: 2774: 2548: 2485: 2270: 2120: 1980: 1972: 1968: 1862: 1840: 1668:, the Gelug school emerged as the dominant one, with the military help of the Mongol 1410: 1127: 1045: 989: 972: 962: 933: 798: 781: 769: 8271: 7065: 6965: 5833: 3176: 2415:

There are also various other expositions of the Lamrim by other figures such as the

855: 10918: 10818: 10769: 10752: 10635: 10569: 10409: 10238: 10140: 10118: 9789: 8975: 8928: 8923: 8779: 8744: 8719: 8714: 8465: 8421: 8334: 8009: 7665: 7658: 7442: 7432: 7318: 6982: 6854: 6560: 6550: 6458: 6363: 6223: 6213: 6128: 5665: 3659: 3632: 3616: 3481: 3457: 3407: 3382: 3285: 2703:, Tsongkhapa outlines the three main elements of the path to awakening as follows: 2215: 2179: 2128: 2116: 2080: 1964: 1929: 1812: 1665: 1616: 1406: 1169: 1164: 1001: 996: 955: 945: 430: 420: 343: 290: 278: 272: 269: 216: 161: 111: 76: 8054: 5716: 4330:

The Thirteenth Dalai Lama on the Run (1904–1906): Archival Documents from Mongolia

2099:

and thousands of Tibetan monasteries were destroyed or damaged (mainly during the

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Tibetan and Zen Buddhism in Britain: Transplantation, Development and Adaptation,

3689: 3597: 3557: 3135: 3112: 2736: 2662: 2552: 2514: 2480: 2297: 2278: 2258: 2246: 2211: 2183: 2174:. The organization runs numerous meditation centers, several monasteries such as 2135: 2108: 2026: 2019: 1941: 1788:

Zanabanzar, self-portrait, late 17th or early 18th century, Museum of Fine Arts,

1716: 1643: 1491: 1208: 1033: 1023: 1018: 701: 696: 598: 518: 382: 54: 8084: 7238: 7228: 4721:

Tibetan and Zen Buddhism in Britain: Transplantation, development and adaptation

2766: 2620: 10955: 10934: 10889: 10869: 10795: 10737: 9853: 9470: 9462: 9454: 9446: 9438: 9430: 9422: 9414: 9406: 9294: 8997: 8847: 8629: 8209: 8189: 8109: 7798: 7788: 7722: 7559: 7045: 6908: 6590: 6575: 6443: 6338: 6333: 6273: 6258: 6133: 6078: 6073: 5174:

Steps on the Path to Enlightenment: A Commentary on Tsongkhapa's Lamrim Chenmo,

5062:

Steps on the Path to Enlightenment: A Commentary on Tsongkhapa's Lamrim Chenmo,

3496:, the 102nd Ganden Tripa (and not, as often misunderstood, by the Dalai Lama). 3415: 3394: 3265: 3168: 3071: 2937:

yogi" and saw himself as a reviver and reformer of the tradition. As such, the

2761: 2653:) towards all beings, and proceeds on to the cultivation of practices like the 2540: 2472: 2416: 2301: 2282: 2254: 2250: 2231: 2223: 1852: 1844: 1836: 1808: 1712: 1692: 1624: 1581: 1565: 1558: 1468: 1414: 1213: 1182: 1144: 1134: 1028: 1006: 928: 691: 528: 523: 259: 224: 142: 119: 5073:

Pabongka Rinpoche; Trijang Rinpoche (editor); Richards, Michael (translator).

4772:"Overview of Namgyal Ithaca – Namgyal Monastery Institute of Buddhist Studies" 3513: 2530: 1669: 1438: 1394:(monastic discipline). He combined this with extensive and unique writings on 1355:, an eclectic Buddhist monk and yogi who traveled Tibet studying under Kadam, 10949: 10843: 10311: 9556: 9064: 8913: 8222: 8124: 7982: 7783: 7761: 7697: 7368: 7163: 7158: 7050: 6719: 6423: 6418: 6368: 6358: 6303: 6243: 6233: 6228: 6198: 6143: 6047: 6000: 5964: 5944: 5939: 5904: 4389: 4234: 3563: 3037: 2923: 2667: 2632: 2289: 2227: 2207: 2203: 2167: 2049: 1884: 1704: 1677: 1658: 1585: 1542: 1495: 1360: 1352: 1112: 1011: 843: 686: 657: 621: 603: 583: 115: 31: 20: 7522: 7512: 6884: 4485:. Songs of Love, Poems of Sadness: The Erotic Verse of the Sixth Dalai Lama. 3032:

Tantra, the teachings on inner fire and the use of an action mudra from the

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Berzin, Alexander; Dalai Lama. The Gelug/Kagyu Tradition of Mahamudra, 1997

5200:

Ocean of Reasoning: A Great Commentary on Nagarjuna's Mulamadhyamakakarika,

5000:, The Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path to Enlightenment (Volume 1). 4850:

I'm messenger of India's ancient thoughts: The Dalai Lama – Hindustan Times

3627: 3589: 3531: 3485: 3320: 3264:

Jetsun Chokyi Gyaltsen's (1469–1544) textbooks, studied at Ganden Jangtse,

3156: 3118: 2795: 2787:. The proper view of emptiness in the Gelug school is considered to be the 2708: 2544: 2274: 2195: 2187: 1925: 1784: 1754: 1700: 1681: 1639: 1538: 1451:

school developed a reputation for strict adherence to monastic discipline (

1248: 1233: 1073: 593: 350: 169: 7937: 7922: 7882: 7579: 7243: 6819: 3807:

Ocean of Reasoning: A Great Commentary on Nagarjuna's Mūlamadhyamakakarika

2922:, which is considered to be a much faster method than the practice of the 2816: 2676: 2602: 2305: 2293: 2182:. Other influential Gelug lamas who have taught western Buddhists include 1914:, and Ngawang Belden (b. 1797), who wrote a major commentary on Jamyang’s 749: 10782: 10777: 9563: 9124: 8953: 8094: 8079: 7862: 7670: 7598: 7378: 7208: 7110: 6957: 6829: 6413: 6268: 5911: 5828: 4384: 4356:

A History of Modern Tibet, Volume 2: The Calm Before the Storm: 1951–1955

3834:

Crystal Mirror VI : 1971, Dharma Publishing, page 464, 0-913546-59-3

3644: 3603: 3378: 3289: 3130: 2963: 2803: 2780: 2363: 2266: 2140: 2124: 2057: 1848: 1843:. His verses are an important part of Tibetan poetry. His successor, the 1789: 1734:

was also known as a great scholar who wrote various works on topics like

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Tsongkhapa, The Dalai Lama, Hopkins, Jeffrey (2016), pp. viii, 189–194.

4963:

Lineages of the Literary: Tibetan Buddhist Polymaths of Socialist China

4864: 3623: 3524: 3148: 3107: 3103: 2942: 2919: 2907: 2898: 2876: 2726: 2721: 2637: 2635:

motivation). This begins with the generation of the mind of awakening (

2628: 2586: 2449: 2413:

The Three Principles of the Path, The Foundation of All Good Qualities.

2152: 2013:

traditions. His writings on non-sectarianism prefigure the rise of the

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Each Gelug monastery also uses its own set of commentarial textbooks (

3140: 2498: 1762: 1499: 10650: 10364: 10199:

29-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet (1793)

10194:

13-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet (1751)

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Ringu Tulku: The Rimé (Ris-med) movement of Jamgon Kongtrul the Great

5308:

A Lamp to Illuminate the Five Stages: Teachings on Guhyasamaja Tantra

5295:

A Lamp to Illuminate the Five Stages: Teachings on Guhyasamaja Tantra

5264:

A Lamp to Illuminate the Five Stages: Teachings on Guhyasamaja Tantra

3683:. Official website of the Office of His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama. 3216:

The Essence of Eloquence on the Interpretive and Definitive Teachings

3014: 2959: 2893: 2807: 2713: 2688: 2581: 2528:

The lowest scope suitable for those who delight in cyclic existence (

2453: 2044:(1878–1941). During the reign of the 13th Dalai Lama, the so-called " 1875: 1796: 1770: 1612: 1519: 1418: 1258: 891: 874: 644: 378: 126: 62: 50: 8817: 7653: 7507: 7273: 7055: 6924: 6916: 6666: 5894: 5489:"Built Heritage on the Eastern Tibetan plateau: Dhe-Tsang Monastery" 2643: 1895:

and a huge commentary to this root text (around 530 folios), called

1102: 10320: 9899: 9334: 9174: 9129: 9074: 9039: 8943: 8602: 8169: 8164: 8114: 8049: 7967: 7932: 7927: 7588: 7459: 7447: 7358: 7017: 6714: 6313: 6021: 5889: 5742: 5681: 5634: 4316:

The Mirror of Beryl: A Historical Introduction to Tibetan Medicine,

3472: 3461: 3445: 2978: 2751:

Buddhist practices, sutric (i.e. non-tantric Mahayana) or tantric.

2742: 2577: 2510: 2461: 2438:

These Lamrim works are based on the teachings of the Indian master

2343: 2339: 2006: 1870: 1758: 1727: 1604: 1471:." Several major monastic centers were founded in Tsang, including 1154: 1090: 815: 571: 533: 462: 185: 10224:

Convention Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet (1906)

8159: 8149: 8134: 7957: 7827: 7095: 6479: 6093: 4174:

Tibet: An account of the history, religion and the people of Tibet

3307: 2841:

The Gelug school focuses on ethics and monastic discipline of the

2679:

meditation), culminating with the direct realization of emptiness.

2439: 546: 157: 10788: 10742: 10657: 9949: 9746: 9079: 9022: 9007: 8154: 8144: 8119: 7994: 7989: 7947: 7917: 7849: 7815: 7702: 7643: 7638: 7492: 7395: 7233: 7183: 6970: 6796: 6555: 6509: 6453: 6448: 6178: 6168: 6026: 5884: 5711: 3505: 3126: 2784: 2672: 2658: 2596: 2468: 2366: 2309: 2053: 2010: 1991: 1723: 1673: 1647: 1596: 1573: 1534: 1368: 1238: 1194: 1189: 1085: 984: 950: 738: 662: 447: 374: 9576: 7766: 7534: 5737: 4798:"Neuroscientists and the Dalai Lama Swap Insights on Meditation" 2994: 10667: 10316: 9959: 9159: 9144: 8980: 8842: 8822: 8597: 8259: 8139: 8129: 8064: 7692: 7648: 7633: 7623: 7593: 7517: 7400: 7168: 7040: 6784: 6779: 6641: 6570: 6494: 6489: 6484: 5879: 5874: 5853: 5757: 5752: 5701: 4924: 3551: 3324: 3274:

Kedrub Tendarwa's texts (1493–1568), studied at Sera Me College

3093: 3045: 3041: 2972:

A Root Text for the Precious Gelug/Kagyü Tradition of Mahamudra

2843: 2654: 2489:(Stages of Meditation). Another important text in Gelug is the 2457: 1553: 1452: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1364: 1139: 903: 838: 561: 556: 551: 472: 397: 370: 9350: 4938: 4630:“The Rimé Activities of Shabkar Tsokdruk Rangdrol (1781–1851)” 2155:

has become one of the world's most admired religious figures.

180:, the Gelug school emerged as the dominant Buddhist school in 10853: 10662: 9777: 9692: 9299: 9134: 8992: 8958: 8938: 8908: 8837: 8254: 8099: 7977: 7972: 7942: 7897: 7744: 7739: 7618: 7323: 7148: 7115: 7105: 6661: 6519: 6514: 6504: 5899: 5818: 5706: 5619: 5033:

Thubten Jinpa (translator). The Book of Kadam: The Core Texts

4742:

Open Mind: View and Meditation in the Lineage of Lerab Lingpa

3501: 3441: 3433: 3343: 2993:

are some Gelug-pa Dzogchen masters. Likewise the practice of

2320: 2112: 1708: 1430: 1149: 1107: 1097: 1050: 467: 181: 165: 133:

and further expanded and developed by his disciples (such as

91: 5284:

Tsongkhapa, The Dalai Lama, Hopkins, Jeffrey (2016), p. vii.

5198:

Garfield, Jay L.; Geshe Ngawang Samten; Tsong khapa (2006).

4614:

Thuken Losang Chokyi Nyima, Jackson, Roger (editor) (2017).

4597:. Introducing World Religions. Abingdon: Routledge. p. 249. 3342:

A monk who has completed all his studies may then attempt a

2497:

which includes teachings from Kadam masters like Atisha and

10399: 10394: 9894: 9169: 7962: 7628: 7125: 5869: 3449: 3437: 3389: 2580:

motivation). The focus of this middle scope is cultivating

2347: 2304:, the only Tibetan Buddhist training monastery for Western 1507: 1503: 1080: 130: 82: 5599:

The Fourteen Dalai Lamas: A Sacred Legacy of Reincarnation

4577:

Blo-bzaṅ-dkon-mchog, Daniel Cozort, Craig Preston (2003).

4564:

Changkya Rölpai Dorjé; Lopez, Donald (translator) (2019).

4545:

The Fourteen Dalai Lamas: A Sacred Legacy of Reincarnation

4511:

The Fourteen Dalai Lamas: A Sacred Legacy of Reincarnation

2618:. Though this level also includes insight into emptiness ( 2214:

Some Gelug lamas also went on to receive a modern western

10630: 8827: 7363: 5686: 3650:

Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition

2954:

Tsongkhapa also incorporated the tantric practice of the

2707:

The intention definitely to leave cyclic existence, i.e.

2164:

Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition

1795:

The Fifth Dalai Lama is also known for having recognized

1753:

and the Dalai Lama in 1645. This is the beginning of the

1745:

During the rule of the Fifth Dalai Lama that his teacher

1672:

who invaded Tibet in 1642 in order to defeat the king of

1548: 94: 79: 5077:(New Revised Edition) 2006. Wisdom Publications. Boston. 4634:

Revue d’Etudes Tibétaines, no. 29, Avril 2014, pp. 5–30.

2929:

Tsongkhapa's tantric practice and theory focuses on the

2754: 2624:), it is not as thoroughly explained as in the Mahayana. 2005:(1781–1851) who was an influential Gelug monk, poet and 1595:

Sönam Gyatso was very active in proselytizing among the

42:) on his left and right with other lineage teachers and 4496:

Thubten Samphel and Tendar. Roli & Janssen (2004).

2759:

In Gelug, the achievement of the perfection of wisdom (

2590:) as well as practicing the three trainings of ethics ( 1699:

system of government, opened diplomatic relations with

110:'virtuous') is the newest of the four major schools of 10249:

Sino-Indian Trade Agreement over Tibetan Border (1954)

10234:

Treaty of friendship and alliance with Mongolia (1913)

5475:"Lithang Monastery: Cycles of Destruction and Renewal" 5329:

by the Dalai Lama (06-12-2000), retrieved 03-23-2010).

5144:

Je Tsongkhapa, Lama Zopa Rinpoche (translator) (2010)

4136: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4115: 4113: 4111: 3236:

The Clear Exposition of the Five Stages of Guhyasamāja

2997:

was taught by Gelug-pas such as Kyabje Zong Rinpoche.

2561:) by avoiding the ten harmful actions and cultivating 2504: 2312:(fully ordained male monastics) in the United States. 2127:, this monastery also maintains a branch monastery in 1494:, with monasteries upholding the tradition located in 4896:. New York: Harris, A Nielsen Company. Archived from 4846:

I'm messenger of India's ancient thoughts: Dalai Lama

4513:. pp. 302–308. Clear Light Publishers. Santa Fe, NM. 4314:

Sangye Desi Gyatso; Kilty, Gavin (translator) (2016)

4154:

The Story of Tibet: Conversations with the Dalai Lama

3681:

The Shugden Affair: Origins of a Controversy (Part I)

2941:

is the principal tantra for the Gelug school. As the

2097:

Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China

5172:

Geshe Lhundup Sopa, David Patt, Beth Newman (2004).

5060:

Geshe Lhundup Sopa, David Patt, Beth Newman (2004).

4420:(illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press. p. xix. 4172:

Norbu, Thubten Jigme and Turnbull, Colin M. (1968).

4032:. Boulder, CO: Shambhala Publications. pp. 365–372. 3945:. Boulder, CO: Shambhala Publications. pp. 329–365. 3579: 3335:

texts, particularly the Guhyasamāja, Yamāntaka, and

1568:, who was considered to be the third incarnation of 88: 5110:

Traditional Presentation of the Lam-rim Graded Path

4418:

Buddhism in Mongolian History, Culture, and Society

4125: 4108: 4101:Jamgon Mipham, Padmakara Translation Group (2017). 4088:Jamgon Mipham, Padmakara Translation Group (2017). 2779:(other emptiness) view, which is seen as a kind of 2315:After the brutal repression of Buddhism during the 2107:of 1966–1976), and many Gelug monks, including the 1603:in the ensuing centuries. Sönam Gyatso traveled to 85: 4876:Signs of change emanating within China: Dalai Lama 3860:Van Schaik. The Spirit of Tibetan Buddhism, p. 10. 3373: 1580:. As a result, Sönam Gyatso was designated as the 148:The Gelug school is alternatively known as Kadam ( 3519:Among the main lineage holders of the Gelug are: 2765:) requires a proper understanding of the view of 2063: 1572:, formed an alliance with the then most powerful 1382:school, Tsongkhapa merged the Kadam teachings of 373:" is the Tibetan rendition of the Sanskrit name " 152:), since it sees itself as a continuation of the 10947: 4328:Chuluun, Sampildondov; Bulag, Uradyn E. (2013). 3527:(also commonly referred to as "Gyalwa Rinpoche") 1906:Other key Gelug scholars of this period include 1903:as well as other works on the bodhisattva path. 1588:were posthumously recognized as the 1st and 2nd 5350:Kachen Yeshe Gyaltsen; Gonsalez, David (2019). 5306:Tsongkhapa (translated by Gavin Kilty) (2012), 5293:Tsongkhapa (translated by Gavin Kilty) (2012), 5262:Tsongkhapa (translated by Gavin Kilty) (2012), 4891: 4002:. Boulder, CO: Shambhala Publications. p. 365. 3765:, Berzin Archives, retrieved 18 September 2020. 2572:from the round of rebirths for themselves (the 2479:is also based on eighth-century Indian teacher 1409:in 1409, which was followed by the founding of 176:("Ocean Teacher"). Allying themselves with the 34:, the founder, and his two principal students ( 4939:"Home – Sravasti Abbey – A Buddhist Monastery" 4723:, p. 43. London: Routledge Curzon. pp. 44–52. 3871:Self, Reality and Reason in Tibetan Philosophy 3196:The Great Exposition of the Stages of the Path 2966:lineages. This tradition was continued by the 2606:). This level also includes contemplating the 2460:presentation of the path (as taught to him by 2377: 1630: 10166:Self-immolation protests by Tibetans in China 9762: 9592: 9366: 6693: 5650: 5253:p. 286. Doctoral Thesis, Columbia University. 4918: 4821:"Scientist, Dalai Lama Share Research Effort" 3467: 2740:), i.e. a proper understanding of emptiness ( 1327: 322: 304: 7475:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna 4823:. NBC News. Associated Press. Archived from 4327: 3882:Lama Tsongkhapa, Lamrim Chenmo V3 Pp 224–267 3476:6th ganden tripa Chokyi Gyeltsen (1402–1473) 3436:(and in the traditional Tibetan province of 2906:For Tsongkhapa, Vajrayana practice requires 2863:mandala with Mañjuvajra as the central deity 2851: 1664:Following violent strife among the sects of 1599:, and the Gelug tradition was to become the 1458:Tsongkhapa's three principal disciples were 3906:(Fall 2017 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). 3541:, the spiritual heads of Mongolian Buddhism 3009:Mañjuśrī, 18th century, Rubin Museum of Art 1963:discusses all schools of Tibetan Buddhism, 1642:painting of the 5th Dalai Lama meeting the 107: 9769: 9755: 9599: 9585: 9373: 9359: 6700: 6686: 5657: 5643: 4359:. University of California Press. p. 4251:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3568:Successive incarnations of Kyabje Yongzin 3562:Successive incarnations of Kyabje Yongzin 2568:The middle scope of those who are seeking 2336:fall of communist rule in Mongolia in 1990 1932:. Changkya oversaw the translation of the 1371:teachers. These include the Sakya scholar 1334: 1320: 5536:"Special Features of the Gelug Tradition" 4352: 4030:Tsongkhapa: A Buddha in the Land of Snows 4000:Tsongkhapa: A Buddha in the Land of Snows 3943:Tsongkhapa: A Buddha in the Land of Snows 2397:Middling Graded Path (Lam rim ‘bring ba), 2001:The 19th century saw the great figure of 9666:Lobsang Trinley Lhündrub Chökyi Gyaltsen 5601:. Clear Light Publishers. Santa Fe, NM. 4547:. Clear Light Publishers. Santa Fe, NM. 4377: 3471: 3388: 3377: 3306: 3078: 3057: 3004: 2855: 2357: 2326:The Mongolian Gelug school under by the 2067: 1990: 1953:Crystal Mirror of Philosophical Systems. 1830: 1783: 1653: 1634: 1552: 1502:, in central and southern Tibet, and in 1437: 1429: 49: 25: 8662:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal 5529: 5527: 5443: 5441: 4224: 3904:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 3738:. Yale University Press 2011, page 129. 3418:was founded by Chöje Shakya Yeshe, and 3280:texts (1478–1554) which are studied at 2631:so as to aid the liberation of others ( 2192:Deer Park Buddhist Center and Monastery 1749:received the title "Panchen Bogd" from 195:Doctrinally, the Gelug school promotes 10948: 9923:Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs 8865:List of Buddhist architecture in China 5427: 5425: 5381: 5379: 5377: 5375: 5373: 5346: 5344: 5043: 5041: 5039: 4878:; By Shoumojit Banerjee; 27 May 2010; 4176:, p. 219. Touchstone Books, New York. 3937: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3894: 3892: 3890: 3888: 3830: 3828: 3000: 2694: 2543:, the preciousness of human life, and 2308:(fully ordained female monastics) and 1711:, institutionalized the Tibetan state 1549:The Dalai Lamas and spread to Mongolia 197:a unique form of prasangika Madhyamaka 10004:People's Republic of China (PRC) rule 9750: 9580: 9354: 6681: 5638: 5579: 5388:"The Gelug Monastic Education System" 5367:, pp. 477–78. Snow Lion Publications. 5320:Speech to the Second Gelug Conference 5224:, pp. 490–91. Snow Lion Publications. 4990: 4988: 4986: 4984: 4818: 4710:, pp. 200–201. Yale University Press. 4697:, pp. 196–200. Yale University Press. 4534:, pp. 140–141. Yale University Press. 4444:, pp. 122–123. Yale University Press. 4436: 4434: 4297: 4295: 4140: 4119: 4024: 4022: 4020: 4018: 4016: 3994: 3992: 3986:, pp. 104–105. Yale University Press. 3965: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3206:The Great Exposition of Secret Mantra 2873:The Great Exposition of Secret Mantra 2755:Reasoning and meditating on emptiness 2724:for the sake of all sentient beings ( 2657:, "exchanging ourselves and others", 1405:Tsongkhapa and his disciples founded 277: 10131:1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet 5664: 5524: 5438: 4854:Dalai Lama Story Page – USATODAY.com 4795: 4321: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3406:Tsongkhapa founded the monastery of 2910:and insight into emptiness (through 1757:tulku line, who traditionally rules 5422: 5370: 5341: 5297:, pp. 11–12, 14. Simon and Schuster 5269: 5036: 4931: 4919:Matthew Smith (22 September 2020). 4865:Canada Tibet Committee|Newsroom|WTN 4581:pp. xi–xii. Snow Lion Publications. 4568:, Introduction. Simon and Schuster. 4201:also Sonam Choephel or Sonam Rabten 4095: 4082: 3922: 3885: 3825: 3672: 3570:Trijang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso 3523:The successive incarnations of the 3226:The Praise of Dependent Origination 2977:The Gelug tradition also maintains 2720:Generating the intention to attain 2505:The schema of the three motivations 2389:Great Exposition of the Graded Path 2018:Dharma heirs of the Nyingma master 1986: 16:Dominant school of Tibetan Buddhism 13: 10109:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910) 10064:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720) 9776: 9703: 9392: 8652:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 6159:Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche 5625:The Dalai Lama's Namgyal Monastery 5533: 5385: 4981: 4757:Part Five, The Old Togen, note 121 4755:The Dalai Lama and the King Demon, 4468:Love Songs of the Sixth Dalai Lama 4431: 4292: 4013: 3989: 3956: 3508:) or by a specific clan (like the 3494:Thubten Nyima Lungtok Tenzin Norbu 3302: 1799:(1635–1723) as the first official 804:Svatantrika-Prasaṅgika distinction 14: 10977: 10146:Protests and uprisings since 1950 10136:1939 Japanese expedition to Tibet 9606: 5613: 5464:, p. 480. Snow Lion Publications. 5451:, p. 479. Snow Lion Publications. 5435:, p. 478. Snow Lion Publications. 5237:, p. 490. Snow Lion Publications. 5189:, p. 483. Snow Lion Publications. 5051:, p. 482. Snow Lion Publications. 5015:, p. 484. Snow Lion Publications. 4978:, p. 481. Snow Lion Publications. 4684:, p. xiv. Shambhala Publications. 4566:Beautiful Adornment of Mount Meru 4385:"China, Tibet and the Dalai Lama" 3822:, p. 469. Snow Lion Publications. 3778:, p. 467. Snow Lion Publications. 3710: 3504:(reincarnation lineages like the 2549:taking refuge in the three jewels 2332:the revival of Mongolian Buddhism 1676:. According to Tibetan historian 1611:. He also worked against certain 10254:70,000 Character Petition (1962) 10244:Seventeen Point Agreement (1951) 9522: 9333: 9323: 9322: 8880:Thai temple art and architecture 8625:Huichang persecution of Buddhism 6865:Iconography in Laos and Thailand 6731: 6718: 6708: 6284:Rangjung Dorje, 3rd Karmapa Lama 6219:Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso Rinpoche 5495: 5481: 5467: 5462:Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 5454: 5449:Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 5433:Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 5413: 5404: 5365:Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 5357: 5235:Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 5222:Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 5187:Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 5161:Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 5147:The Three Principles of the Path 5124:Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 5092:Introduction to the Graded Path. 5049:Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 5013:Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 4976:Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 4457:, p. 128. Yale University Press. 4305:, p. 133. Yale University Press. 4289:, p. 119. Yale University Press. 4066:, p. 107. Yale University Press. 4051:Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 3971:Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 3919:, p. 109. Yale University Press. 3820:Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 3776:Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism 3596: 3582: 3311:Monks debating in Sera monastery 2701:The Three Principles of the Path 2641:), and the cultivation of love ( 2445:A Lamp for the Path to Awakening 1351:The Gelug school was founded by 429: 75: 10229:Anglo-Russian Convention (1907) 9380: 6732: 5332: 5313: 5300: 5287: 5278: 5256: 5240: 5227: 5214: 5205: 5192: 5179: 5166: 5153: 5138: 5129: 5116: 5098: 5080: 5067: 5054: 5027: 5018: 5005: 4968: 4955: 4912: 4892:Regina A. Corso (29 May 2013). 4885: 4839: 4819:Foley, Ryan J. (May 14, 2010). 4812: 4796:Koch, Christof (July 1, 2013). 4789: 4764: 4747: 4734: 4713: 4700: 4687: 4674: 4650: 4637: 4621: 4608: 4584: 4571: 4558: 4537: 4524: 4503: 4490: 4477: 4460: 4447: 4410: 4397: 4346: 4308: 4279: 4259: 4218: 4204: 4195: 4166: 4146: 4069: 4056: 4043: 3976: 3909: 3876: 3863: 3854: 3837: 3448:. Notable Gelug monasteries in 3374:Monasteries and lineage holders 3220:Drnng-nges legs-bshad snying-po 2987:Thubten Gyatso, 13th Dalai Lama 2300:, is the founder and abbess of 1425: 168:established by Tsongkhapa. The 10484:Patron and priest relationship 10450:Central Tibetan Administration 10259:Memorandum on Genuine Autonomy 8870:Japanese Buddhist architecture 8672:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism 7752:Seven Factors of Enlightenment 6943:Places where the Buddha stayed 6164:Dzongsar Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö 5630:Dictionary definition of Geluk 5202:p. x. Oxford University Press. 4105:p. 31. Shambhala Publications. 4092:p. 30. Shambhala Publications. 3812: 3799: 3790: 3781: 3768: 3755: 3741: 3728: 3414:was founded by Jamyang Choje, 3401: 3315:According to Georges Dreyfus, 3240:gSang-'dus rim-lnga gsal-sgron 2991:Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama 2425:Panchen Losang Chökyi Gyaltsen 2064:PRC era, diaspora and the West 1779:Lamp re-illuminating Mahamudra 323: 305: 141:, Dulzin Drakpa Gyaltsen, and 19:For the river in Romania, see 1: 10849:Historical and cultural sites 10214:Convention of Calcutta (1890) 9735:11th Panchen Lama controversy 8885:Tibetan Buddhist architecture 6239:Mikyö Dorje, 8th Karmapa Lama 4353:Goldstein, Melvyn C. (2007). 3698: 2983:Lozang Gyatso, 5th Dalai Lama 2594:), meditative stabilization ( 2060:) opposed this sectarianism. 1346: 10189:Treaty of Tingmosgang (1684) 9708:Khedrup Je, 1st Panchen Lama 8642:Buddhism and the Roman world 8618:Decline of Buddhism in India 8613:History of Buddhism in India 6713: Topics in 5354:pp. 1–5. Simon and Schuster. 5310:, p. 12. Simon and Schuster. 5266:, pp. 98. Simon and Schuster 5064:pp. 2–5. Simon and Schuster. 4965:. Columbia University Press. 4595:Introducing Tibetan Buddhism 4225:Waddell, L. Austine (1895). 4156:, p. 144. Grove Press, N.Y. 3763:The Origin of the Yellow Hat 3703: 3036:Tantra, and the practice of 3024:According to David Gonsalez: 2875:. This is combined with the 2794:philosophy of Nagarjuna and 2534:) and desire to seek a good 2411:Other related works include 2353: 2204:Kyabje Yongzin Ling Rinpoche 1891:a series of verses on tenets 1601:main religion of the Mongols 355:Gélǔ Pài / Huáng Jiào / Xīn 203: 7: 10961:Schools of Tibetan Buddhism 10209:Treaty of Thapathali (1856) 10099:British expedition to Tibet 10089:Nepal-Tibet War (1855–1856) 10059:Battle of the Salween River 9397:Gendun Drup, 1st Dalai Lama 7840:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar 7580: 4921:"World's most admired 2020" 4753:Bultrini, Raimondo (2013). 4079:p. 136. Simon and Schuster. 3575: 2147:, and the dialogue between 1728:Great Perfection (Dzogchen) 1631:The rule of the Great Fifth 750: 10: 10982: 10582:Postage and postal history 10034:Tibetan attack on Songzhou 8790:The unanswerable questions 5556: 5246:Arnold, Edward A. (2021). 4647:p. 12. Simon and Schuster. 4416:Wallace, Vesna A. (2015). 3873:. Routledge 2002, page 10. 3468:Administration and lineage 3452:include Lithang, Bathang, 3410:in 1409 as his main seat. 2328:9th Jebtsundamba Khutughtu 2321:People's Republic of China 2075:with the 14th Dalai Lama, 1901:Precious Garland of Tenets 1897:Great Exposition on Tenets 1446:, and the First Dalai Lama 403: 18: 10912: 10768: 10611: 10604: 10577: 10568: 10534: 10437: 10428: 10387: 10285: 10281: 10272: 10181: 10044:Mongol invasions of Tibet 10024: 9828: 9797: 9788: 9715: 9701: 9616: 9531: 9520: 9402: 9390: 9318: 9270: 9185: 9100: 8875:Buddhist temples in Korea 8798: 8700: 8583: 8280: 8208: 8035: 7908: 7848: 7483: 7438:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism 7349: 7341:Three planes of existence 7289: 7134: 7026: 6956: 6948:Buddha in world religions 6810: 6755: 6727: 6609: 6528: 6472: 6436: 6279:Phagmo Drupa Dorje Gyalpo 6066: 6040: 6014: 5983: 5932: 5925: 5862: 5781: 5730: 5674: 5597:Mullin, Glenn H. (2001). 5105:Tsenzhab Serkong Rinpoche 5002:" Shambhala Publications. 4543:Mullin, Glenn H. (2001). 4509:Mullin, Glenn H. (2001). 4472:Academia Sinica Monograph 4318:p. 1. Simon and Schuster. 2852:Vajrayāna (Secret Mantra) 2836: 2823:According to John Powers: 2800:interpreted by Tsongkhapa 2655:seven point mind training 2563:the ten wholesome actions 2495:Kadam Emanation Scripture 2046:Dorje Shugden controversy 2003:Shabkar Tsokdruk Rangdrol 1996:Shabkar Tsokdruk Rangdrol 1775:Highway of the Conquerors 349: 342: 337: 333: 315: 297: 289: 268: 258: 248: 243: 239: 229: 223: 215: 210: 10442:Tibet Autonomous Region 10204:Treaty of Chushul (1842) 10156:1987–1989 Tibetan unrest 8657:Persecution of Buddhists 7878:Four stages of awakening 7259:Three marks of existence 6845:Physical characteristics 6154:Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche 6149:Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche 5844:Tibetan tantric practice 5570:, Shambhala Publications 4961:Willock, Nicole (2021). 4643:Pettit, John W. (2013). 4498:The Dalai Lamas of Tibet 4075:Pettit, John W. (2013). 3665: 3484:. These were the first " 3144:‘Compendium of Pramana’, 3053: 2806:with the metaphysics of 2448:as well on the works of 2042:Pabongkha Déchen Nyingpo 1889:Roar of the Five-Faced , 1887:(1648– 1721), who wrote 1803:, the spiritual leader ( 1777:and its auto-commentary 1765:region from his base at 1442:Gendun Drup, founder of 833:Practices and attainment 821:Pointing-out instruction 732:Three marks of existence 299:Traditional Chinese 164:school, after the first 10549:TAR People's Government 10509:Serfs' Emancipation Day 10049:Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war 9636:Lobsang Chökyi Gyaltsen 8020:Ten principal disciples 6903:(aunt, adoptive mother) 6379:Traleg Kyabgon Rinpoche 6349:Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche 6249:Nyoshul Khenpo Rinpoche 6194:Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo 6139:Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen 5580:McKay, A., ed. (2003), 4998:in "Tsong-Kha-Pa (2015) 4706:Sam van Schaik (2011). 4693:Sam van Schaik (2011). 4680:Kunzang Pelden (2010). 4530:Sam van Schaik (2011). 4483:Paul D. Williams (2005) 4453:Sam van Schaik (2011). 4440:Sam van Schaik (2011). 4301:Sam van Schaik (2011). 4285:Sam van Schaik (2011). 4062:Sam van Schaik (2011). 4028:Jinpa, Thupten (2019). 3998:Jinpa, Thupten (2019). 3982:Sam van Schaik (2011). 3941:Jinpa, Thupten (2019). 3915:Sam van Schaik (2011). 3638:List of rulers of Tibet 2554:ethical self-discipline 2421:Essence of Refined Gold 2085:Mind and Life Institute 2056:Dzogchen and the deity 1910:(1717–1786), who wrote 1747:Lobsang Chökyi Gyaltsen 1378:A great admirer of the 317:Simplified Chinese 10219:Treaty of Lhasa (1904) 10173:Special Frontier Force 9709: 9631:Ensapa Lobsang Döndrup 9398: 8730:Buddhism and democracy 8243:Tibetan Buddhist canon 8238:Chinese Buddhist canon 7470:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 7465:Early Buddhist schools 6254:Orgyen Chokgyur Lingpa 6204:Karma Thinley Rinpoche 6099:Chagdud Tulku Rinpoche 4859:3 October 2012 at the 4719:Kay, David N. (2004). 4658:"Minyak Kunzang Sonam" 4474:, Series A, No.5, 1930 4229:. London. p. 63. 4152:Laird, Thomas (2006). 3721:Kay, David N. (2007). 3539:Jebtsundamba Khutuktus 3530:The succession of the 3477: 3420:Tashi Lhunpo Monastery 3398: 3386: 3363: 3329: 3312: 3278:Panchen Sonam Dragpa's 3075: 3051: 3010: 2952: 2864: 2830: 2541:contemplation of death 2374: 2178:in France and as well 2092: 2025:During the era of the 1998: 1957:comparative philosophy 1934:Tibetan Buddhist canon 1912:Presentation of Tenets 1792: 1773:(mainly his root text 1661: 1651: 1619:and blood sacrifices. 1561: 1557:The third Dalai Lama, 1464:Gyaltsap Darma Rinchen 1447: 1435: 1202:Tibetan Buddhist canon 66: 47: 46:of the Gelug tradition 10592:Qinghai–Tibet railway 10587:Qinghai-Tibet Highway 10554:TAR People's Congress 10526:India–Tibet relations 10499:Independence movement 10151:1959 Tibetan uprising 10039:Battle of Dafei River 9887:Era of Fragmentation 9728:Tashilhunpo Monastery 9721:List of Panchen Lamas 9707: 9621:Khedrup Gelek Pelzang 9544:Gelug Yellow Hat sect 9396: 8740:Eight Consciousnesses 6850:Life of Buddha in art 6601:Tashilhunpo Monastery 6404:Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche 6399:Tsele Natsok Rangdröl 6374:Thubten Zopa Rinpoche 6119:Chökyi Nyima Rinpoche 6006:Drogön Chögyal Phagpa 5824:Preparatory practices 5503:"Loselingmonastery -" 4800:. Scientific American 4744:. Simon and Schuster. 4740:Natanya, Eva (2018). 4662:The Treasury of Lives 4500:, p. 101. New Delhi. 4332:. BRILL. p. 17. 4049:Powers, John (2007), 3969:Powers, John (2007), 3475: 3432:, in Xiahe County in 3392: 3381: 3358: 3317: 3310: 3129:): which is based on 3088:Monastic discipline ( 3079:Main topics and texts 3069: 3026: 3008: 2947: 2859: 2825: 2683:The highest scope of 2616:dependent origination 2442:(c. 11th century) in 2361: 2172:Thubten Zopa Rinpoche 2166:, founded in 1975 by 2101:1959 Tibetan uprising 2089:contemplative science 2071: 1994: 1831:17 and 18th centuries 1801:Jebtsundamba Khutuktu 1787: 1767:Tashilhunpo Monastery 1657: 1638: 1556: 1492:Tibetan cultural area 1460:Khedrup Gelek Palsang 1444:Tashilhunpo Monastery 1441: 1433: 1400:Buddhist epistemology 777:Dependent origination 53: 29: 10900:Traditional medicine 10114:Xinhai Lhasa turmoil 9935:Relations with Ming 9905:Relations with Song 9877:Relations with Tang 9815:European exploration 9677:Gedhun Choekyi Nyima 9661:Thubten Chökyi Nyima 9646:Lobsang Palden Yeshe 9217:East Asian religions 8647:Buddhism in the West 8218:Early Buddhist texts 7833:Four Right Exertions 7299:Ten spiritual realms 6792:Noble Eightfold Path 6566:Namdroling Monastery 6309:Second Beru Khyentse 6294:Rechung Dorje Drakpa 6179:Gorampa Sonam Sengye 5782:Individual practices 5460:Powers, John (2007) 5447:Powers, John (2007) 5431:Powers, John (2007) 5363:Powers, John (2007) 5233:Powers, John (2007) 5220:Powers, John (2007) 5185:Powers, John (2007) 5159:Powers, John (2007) 5122:Powers, John (2007) 5047:Powers, John (2007) 5011:Powers, John (2007) 4994:Ruegg, D.. Seyfort, 4974:Powers, John (2007) 3818:Powers, John (2007) 3805:Tsong khapa (2006). 3774:Powers, John (2007) 3655:Ushnishasitatapattra 2915:yogas of Vajrayana. 2881:Anuttarayoga Tantras 2517:and are filled with 2467:The presentation of 2216:university education 2149:Buddhism and science 2111:fled the country to 2073:Rajesh Kasturirangan 1961:comparative religion 1922:Changkya Rölpé Dorjé 1908:Changkya Rölpé Dorjé 1821:Erdene Zuu Monastery 1740:The Mirror of Beryl, 1386:(mind training) and 1276:History and overview 675:Samding Dorje Phagmo 540:Second dissemination 114:. It was founded by 10544:Regional Government 10521:CIA Tibetan program 10504:Serfdom controversy 10388:Traditional regions 10239:Simla Accord (1914) 10161:2008 Tibetan unrest 9985:List of Qing ambans 9930:Phagmodrupa dynasty 9651:Palden Tenpai Nyima 9537:List of Dalai Lamas 9340:Religion portal 9087:Temple of the Tooth 8966:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi 8005:Upāsaka and Upāsikā 7498:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā 7281:Two truths doctrine 7101:Mahapajapati Gotamī 6901:Mahapajapati Gotamī 5991:Khön Könchok Gyalpo 5863:Institutional roles 5584:, RoutledgeCurzon, 5534:Berzin, Alexander. 5386:Berzin, Alexander. 4827:on October 11, 2019 4618:Simon and Schuster. 3787:Mullin 2001, p.367. 3612:Schools of Buddhism 3546:Changkya Khutukhtus 3512:school, led by the 3001:Unique Oral lineage 2956:Six Yogas of Naropa 2877:tantric deity yogas 2731:the awakening mind) 2695:Three main elements 2378:Steps of the path ( 2263:Donald S. Lopez Jr. 2228:Geshe Thupten Jinpa 2220:published academics 2145:interfaith dialogue 2105:Cultural Revolution 1983:religious systems. 1879:) genre (a form of 1475:, Segyü, Gyümé and 1063:Institutional roles 502:First dissemination 55:The 14th Dalai Lama 30:An illustration of 10858:(ceremonial scarf) 10829:Dzong architecture 10646:Imperial Preceptor 10516:Sovereignty debate 10462:Etymology of Tibet 10074:Lhasa riot of 1750 10069:Jinchuan campaigns 10054:Battle of Dartsedo 9972:Qing dynasty rule 9915:Yuan dynasty rule 9889:(9th–13th century) 9710: 9399: 9262:Western philosophy 8860:Dzong architecture 8682:Vipassana movement 8677:Buddhist modernism 8105:Emperor Wen of Sui 7873:Pratyekabuddhayāna 7806:Threefold Training 7608:Vipassana movement 7324:Hungry Ghost realm 7144:Avidyā (Ignorance) 7091:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta 6840:Great Renunciation 6835:Eight Great Events 6717: 6546:Dzongsar Monastery 6541:Dzogchen Monastery 5325:2010-04-19 at the 4870:2012-03-02 at the 4211:Samten G. Karmay, 3761:Alexander Berzin, 3688:2013-11-03 at the 3478: 3424:Gyalwa Gendün Drup 3399: 3387: 3356:also writes that: 3313: 3292:and Ratö colleges, 3230:rTen-'brel bstodpa 3139:, a Commentary on 3076: 3070:Monks debating at 3011: 2989:( 1876–1933), and 2968:first Panchen Lama 2939:Guhyasamāja tantra 2931:Guhyasamāja tantra 2865: 2734:The correct view ( 2687:culminates in the 2647:) and compassion ( 2608:six root delusions 2493:also known as the 2375: 2267:Guy Martin Newland 2093: 1999: 1793: 1732:Desi Sangye Gyatso 1662: 1652: 1615:practices such as 1562: 1448: 1436: 1254:Tree of physiology 794:Four Tenets system 396:school founded by 150:bKa’-gdams gsar-pa 67: 48: 10943: 10942: 10908: 10907: 10600: 10599: 10564: 10563: 10467:Foreign relations 10424: 10423: 10420: 10419: 10268: 10267: 10124:Qinghai–Tibet War 10094:Sikkim expedition 10084:Dogra–Tibetan War 10079:Sino-Nepalese War 10014:political leaders 9992:Post-Qing to 1950 9945:Rinpungpa dynasty 9856:(7th–9th century) 9744: 9743: 9574: 9573: 9348: 9347: 8986:Om mani padme hum 8692:Women in Buddhism 8608:Buddhist councils 8478:Western countries 8266:Madhyamakālaṃkāra 8027:Shaolin Monastery 7604:Samatha-vipassanā 7214:Pratītyasamutpāda 7018:Metteyya/Maitreya 6936: 6928: 6920: 6912: 6904: 6896: 6888: 6765:Four Noble Truths 6675: 6674: 6596:Shechen Monastery 6556:Jokhang Monastery 6536:Drepung Monastery 6432: 6431: 6389:Trulshik Rinpoche 6289:Ratna Vajra Sakya 6209:Khamtrul Rinpoche 6109:Chetsang Rinpoche 6084:Anagarika Govinda 6032:Thang Tong Gyalpo 5849:Transfer of merit 5540:studybuddhism.com 5507:Loselingmonastery 5392:studybuddhism.com 5094:studybuddhism.com 5087:Berzin, Alexander 4603:978-0-415-45664-7 4426:978-0-19-995866-5 4370:978-0-520-24941-7 4339:978-90-04-25455-8 4162:978-0-8021-1827-1 4038:978-1-61180-646-5 4008:978-1-61180-646-5 3951:978-1-61180-646-5 3898:Sparham, Gareth, 3734:Schaik, Sam van. 3725:p. 39. Routledge. 3679:Georges Dreyfus, 3490:dGa’-ldan khri-pa 3430:Labrang Monastery 3412:Drepung Monastery 3246:The Golden Rosary 3181:Abhisamayalankara 3067: 2869:tantric practices 2405:Lam rim chung ngu 2401:Small Graded Path 2271:Nicholas Vreeland 2176:Nalanda monastery 2160:Western Buddhism. 2121:Namgyal Monastery 1969:Chinese religions 1817:Tövkhön Monastery 1703:China, built the 1344: 1343: 1306:Index of articles 922:Major monasteries 880:Tantra techniques 799:Rangtong-Shentong 707:10th Panchen Lama 496:Key personalities 367: 366: 363: 362: 344:Standard Mandarin 285: 284: 190:Yellow Hat school 10973: 10928: 10921: 10859: 10636:Tibetan Buddhism 10609: 10608: 10575: 10574: 10445: 10435: 10434: 10283: 10282: 10279: 10278: 10141:Battle of Chamdo 10119:Sino-Tibetan War 9975: 9938: 9918: 9908: 9890: 9880: 9867:List of emperors 9857: 9839: 9820:Historical money 9795: 9794: 9771: 9764: 9757: 9748: 9747: 9736: 9729: 9722: 9696: 9685: 9610: 9601: 9594: 9587: 9578: 9577: 9566: 9559: 9552: 9545: 9538: 9526: 9515: 9507: 9499: 9491: 9483: 9475: 9467: 9459: 9451: 9443: 9435: 9427: 9419: 9411: 9384: 9375: 9368: 9361: 9352: 9351: 9338: 9337: 9326: 9325: 9165:Sacred languages 9013:Maya Devi Temple 8976:Mahabodhi Temple 8780:Secular Buddhism 8745:Engaged Buddhism 7585: 7433:Tibetan Buddhism 7384:Vietnamese Thiền 6983:Mahāsthāmaprāpta 6934: 6926: 6918: 6910: 6902: 6894: 6886: 6735: 6734: 6722: 6712: 6702: 6695: 6688: 6679: 6678: 6632:Himachal Pradesh 6571:Palyul Monastery 6561:Kathok Monastery 6551:Ganden Monastery 6394:Tsangnyön Heruka 6384:Trijang Rinpoche 6364:Thrangu Rinpoche 6354:Tenzin Ösel Hita 6224:Lama Jampa Thaye 6214:Khandro Rinpoche 6129:Dezhung Rinpoche 6104:Chatral Rinpoche 5930: 5929: 5731:Practice systems 5668: 5667:Tibetan Buddhism 5659: 5652: 5645: 5636: 5635: 5594: 5582:History of Tibet 5550: 5549: 5547: 5546: 5531: 5522: 5521: 5519: 5518: 5509:. Archived from 5499: 5493: 5492: 5485: 5479: 5478: 5471: 5465: 5458: 5452: 5445: 5436: 5429: 5420: 5417: 5411: 5408: 5402: 5401: 5399: 5398: 5383: 5368: 5361: 5355: 5348: 5339: 5336: 5330: 5317: 5311: 5304: 5298: 5291: 5285: 5282: 5276: 5273: 5267: 5260: 5254: 5244: 5238: 5231: 5225: 5218: 5212: 5209: 5203: 5196: 5190: 5183: 5177: 5170: 5164: 5157: 5151: 5142: 5136: 5133: 5127: 5120: 5114: 5102: 5096: 5084: 5078: 5071: 5065: 5058: 5052: 5045: 5034: 5031: 5025: 5022: 5016: 5009: 5003: 4992: 4979: 4972: 4966: 4959: 4953: 4952: 4950: 4949: 4935: 4929: 4928: 4916: 4910: 4909: 4907: 4905: 4889: 4883: 4843: 4837: 4836: 4834: 4832: 4816: 4810: 4809: 4807: 4805: 4793: 4787: 4786: 4784: 4783: 4774:. Archived from 4768: 4762: 4751: 4745: 4738: 4732: 4717: 4711: 4708:Tibet: A History 4704: 4698: 4695:Tibet: A History 4691: 4685: 4678: 4672: 4671: 4669: 4668: 4654: 4648: 4641: 4635: 4627:Rachel H. Pang, 4625: 4619: 4612: 4606: 4591:Samuel, Geoffrey 4588: 4582: 4575: 4569: 4562: 4556: 4541: 4535: 4532:Tibet: A History 4528: 4522: 4507: 4501: 4494: 4488: 4481: 4475: 4464: 4458: 4455:Tibet: A History 4451: 4445: 4442:Tibet: A History 4438: 4429: 4414: 4408: 4401: 4395: 4394: 4381: 4375: 4374: 4350: 4344: 4343: 4325: 4319: 4312: 4306: 4303:Tibet: A History 4299: 4290: 4287:Tibet: A History 4283: 4277: 4263: 4257: 4256: 4250: 4242: 4222: 4216: 4208: 4202: 4199: 4193: 4170: 4164: 4150: 4144: 4138: 4123: 4117: 4106: 4099: 4093: 4086: 4080: 4073: 4067: 4064:Tibet: A History 4060: 4054: 4047: 4041: 4026: 4011: 3996: 3987: 3984:Tibet: A History 3980: 3974: 3967: 3954: 3939: 3920: 3917:Tibet: A History 3913: 3907: 3896: 3883: 3880: 3874: 3869:Jinpa, Thupten. 3867: 3861: 3858: 3852: 3841: 3835: 3832: 3823: 3816: 3810: 3803: 3797: 3794: 3788: 3785: 3779: 3772: 3766: 3759: 3753: 3752: 3745: 3739: 3736:Tibet: A History 3732: 3726: 3719: 3692: 3676: 3660:Yellow shamanism 3633:History of Tibet 3617:Tibetan Buddhism 3606: 3601: 3600: 3592: 3587: 3586: 3585: 3558:Reting Rinpoches 3552:Tatsag Rinpoches 3482:Ganden Monastery 3383:Ganden monastery 3298: 3271: 3210:sNgag-rim chenmo 3162:Madhyamakāvatāra 3068: 2663:bodhisattva vows 2555: 2475:in Tsongkhapa's 2265:, José Cabezón, 2243:Alexander Berzin 2212:Dhardo Rinpoche. 2180:Maitripa College 2129:Ithaca, New York 2117:Tibetan diaspora 2081:Richard Davidson 2040:(1903–1951) and 2031:9th Panchen Lama 1987:The 19th century 1965:Chinese Buddhism 1930:Qianlong Emperor 1916:Great Exposition 1855:(r. 1661–1722). 1837:Sixth Dalai Lama 1813:Shankh Monastery 1736:Tibetan medicine 1666:Tibetan Buddhism 1617:animal sacrifice 1518:(traced back to 1481:woodblock prints 1469:First Dalai Lama 1407:Ganden monastery 1336: 1329: 1322: 1259:Festival thangka 753: 726:General Buddhist 433: 423: 422:Tibetan Buddhism 408: 407: 381:associated with 335: 334: 329: 328: 327: 311: 310: 309: 281: 279:[ˈɡèluʔ] 241: 240: 235: 234: 208: 207: 112:Tibetan Buddhism 109: 101: 100: 97: 96: 93: 90: 87: 84: 81: 10981: 10980: 10976: 10975: 10974: 10972: 10971: 10970: 10946: 10945: 10944: 10939: 10931: 10924: 10917: 10904: 10857: 10764: 10596: 10560: 10530: 10443: 10416: 10383: 10360:Tibetan Plateau 10355:Rongbuk Glacier 10341:Yarlung Tsangpo 10264: 10177: 10104:Batang uprising 10026: 10020: 9973: 9967:Khoshut Khanate 9955:Ganden Phodrang 9950:Tsangpa dynasty 9936: 9916: 9906: 9888: 9878: 9855: 9849:Yarlung dynasty 9837: 9824: 9784: 9775: 9745: 9740: 9734: 9727: 9720: 9711: 9699: 9690: 9688:Gyaincain Norbu 9679: 9656:Tenpai Wangchuk 9612: 9608: 9605: 9575: 9570: 9564: 9557: 9550: 9543: 9536: 9527: 9518: 9513: 9505: 9497: 9489: 9481: 9473: 9465: 9457: 9449: 9441: 9433: 9425: 9417: 9409: 9400: 9386: 9382: 9379: 9349: 9344: 9332: 9314: 9266: 9181: 9096: 8833:Ordination hall 8794: 8696: 8667:Buddhist crisis 8579: 8276: 8228:Mahayana sutras 8204: 8200:Thích Nhất Hạnh 8031: 7904: 7844: 7794:Bodhisattva vow 7479: 7345: 7285: 7244:Taṇhā (Craving) 7179:Five hindrances 7130: 7022: 6952: 6806: 6751: 6723: 6706: 6676: 6671: 6605: 6586:Sanga Monastery 6581:Sakya Monastery 6524: 6468: 6428: 6319:Sogyal Rinpoche 6299:Reting Rinpoche 6189:Jamgon Kongtrul 6184:Gyalwang Drukpa 6114:Chögyam Trungpa 6062: 6036: 6010: 5979: 5975:Dudjom Rinpoche 5960:Patrul Rinpoche 5921: 5858: 5777: 5726: 5670: 5666: 5663: 5616: 5592: 5559: 5554: 5553: 5544: 5542: 5532: 5525: 5516: 5514: 5501: 5500: 5496: 5487: 5486: 5482: 5473: 5472: 5468: 5459: 5455: 5446: 5439: 5430: 5423: 5418: 5414: 5409: 5405: 5396: 5394: 5384: 5371: 5362: 5358: 5349: 5342: 5337: 5333: 5327:Wayback Machine 5318: 5314: 5305: 5301: 5292: 5288: 5283: 5279: 5274: 5270: 5261: 5257: 5245: 5241: 5232: 5228: 5219: 5215: 5210: 5206: 5197: 5193: 5184: 5180: 5171: 5167: 5158: 5154: 5143: 5139: 5134: 5130: 5121: 5117: 5103: 5099: 5085: 5081: 5072: 5068: 5059: 5055: 5046: 5037: 5032: 5028: 5023: 5019: 5010: 5006: 4993: 4982: 4973: 4969: 4960: 4956: 4947: 4945: 4937: 4936: 4932: 4917: 4913: 4903: 4901: 4900:on 5 April 2015 4890: 4886: 4872:Wayback Machine 4861:Wayback Machine 4844: 4840: 4830: 4828: 4817: 4813: 4803: 4801: 4794: 4790: 4781: 4779: 4770: 4769: 4765: 4752: 4748: 4739: 4735: 4718: 4714: 4705: 4701: 4692: 4688: 4679: 4675: 4666: 4664: 4656: 4655: 4651: 4642: 4638: 4626: 4622: 4613: 4609: 4589: 4585: 4576: 4572: 4563: 4559: 4542: 4538: 4529: 4525: 4508: 4504: 4495: 4491: 4482: 4478: 4466:Yu Dawchyuan, " 4465: 4461: 4452: 4448: 4439: 4432: 4415: 4411: 4402: 4398: 4383: 4382: 4378: 4371: 4351: 4347: 4340: 4326: 4322: 4313: 4309: 4300: 4293: 4284: 4280: 4264: 4260: 4244: 4243: 4223: 4219: 4213:The Great Fifth 4209: 4205: 4200: 4196: 4171: 4167: 4151: 4147: 4139: 4126: 4118: 4109: 4100: 4096: 4087: 4083: 4074: 4070: 4061: 4057: 4048: 4044: 4027: 4014: 3997: 3990: 3981: 3977: 3968: 3957: 3940: 3923: 3914: 3910: 3897: 3886: 3881: 3877: 3868: 3864: 3859: 3855: 3842: 3838: 3833: 3826: 3817: 3813: 3804: 3800: 3795: 3791: 3786: 3782: 3773: 3769: 3760: 3756: 3747: 3746: 3742: 3733: 3729: 3720: 3711: 3706: 3701: 3696: 3695: 3690:Wayback Machine 3677: 3673: 3668: 3602: 3595: 3588: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3470: 3422:was founded by 3404: 3376: 3305: 3303:Course of study 3296: 3269: 3200:Lam-rim chen-mo 3136:Pramanavarttika 3113:Abhidharmakosha 3081: 3058: 3056: 3003: 2970:, who composed 2924:six perfections 2854: 2839: 2757: 2697: 2629:full Buddhahood 2600:) and insight ( 2553: 2507: 2393:Lam rim chen mo 2384: 2356: 2298:Thubten Chodron 2279:Glenn H. Mullin 2259:Jeffrey Hopkins 2247:B. Alan Wallace 2200:Choden Rinpoche 2184:Ngawang Wangyal 2136:14th Dalai Lama 2115:as part of the 2109:14th Dalai Lama 2066: 2027:13th Dalai Lama 2020:Patrul Rinpoche 1989: 1946:Śūraṅgama Sūtra 1833: 1717:Ganden Phodrang 1644:Shunzhi Emperor 1633: 1551: 1485:jé yapsé ungbum 1428: 1349: 1340: 1311: 1310: 1277: 1269: 1268: 1229: 1219: 1218: 1209:Mahayana sutras 1185: 1175: 1174: 1130: 1120: 1119: 1064: 1056: 1055: 924: 914: 913: 834: 826: 825: 722: 712: 711: 702:14th Dalai Lama 697:13th Dalai Lama 681: 670: 652: 634: 616: 599:Patrul Rinpoche 541: 503: 498: 488: 487: 443: 421: 406: 383:Maitreya Buddha 325:格鲁派 / 黄教 / 新噶当派 321: 307:格魯派 / 黃教 / 新噶當派 303: 230: 206: 118:(1357–1419), a 78: 74: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 10979: 10969: 10968: 10963: 10958: 10941: 10940: 10938: 10937: 10930: 10929: 10922: 10914: 10913: 10910: 10909: 10906: 10905: 10903: 10902: 10897: 10892: 10887: 10886: 10885: 10880: 10873: 10861: 10851: 10846: 10841: 10836: 10831: 10826: 10821: 10816: 10815: 10814: 10809: 10807:wall paintings 10804: 10799: 10792: 10785: 10774: 10772: 10766: 10765: 10763: 10762: 10761: 10760: 10755: 10750: 10745: 10738:Tibetan people 10735: 10733:Social classes 10730: 10725: 10724: 10723: 10718: 10713: 10712: 10711: 10710: 10709: 10708: 10707: 10697: 10692: 10691: 10690: 10680: 10670: 10665: 10660: 10655: 10654: 10653: 10648: 10633: 10623: 10618: 10612: 10606: 10602: 10601: 10598: 10597: 10595: 10594: 10589: 10584: 10578: 10572: 10566: 10565: 10562: 10561: 10559: 10558: 10557: 10556: 10546: 10540: 10538: 10532: 10531: 10529: 10528: 10523: 10518: 10513: 10512: 10511: 10501: 10496: 10491: 10486: 10481: 10480: 10479: 10469: 10464: 10459: 10458: 10457: 10447: 10438: 10432: 10426: 10425: 10422: 10421: 10418: 10417: 10415: 10414: 10413: 10412: 10402: 10397: 10391: 10389: 10385: 10384: 10382: 10381: 10376: 10375: 10374: 10373: 10372: 10370:Nature Reserve 10357: 10352: 10351: 10350: 10349: 10348: 10335: 10334: 10333: 10328: 10323: 10314: 10304: 10302: 10297: 10292: 10286: 10276: 10270: 10269: 10266: 10265: 10263: 10262: 10256: 10251: 10246: 10241: 10236: 10231: 10226: 10221: 10216: 10211: 10206: 10201: 10196: 10191: 10185: 10183: 10179: 10178: 10176: 10175: 10170: 10169: 10168: 10163: 10158: 10153: 10143: 10138: 10133: 10128: 10127: 10126: 10116: 10111: 10106: 10101: 10096: 10091: 10086: 10081: 10076: 10071: 10066: 10061: 10056: 10051: 10046: 10041: 10036: 10030: 10028: 10022: 10021: 10019: 10018: 10017: 10016: 10011: 10009:PRC annexation 10001: 10000: 9999: 9989: 9988: 9987: 9982: 9969: 9964: 9963: 9962: 9952: 9947: 9942: 9941: 9940: 9927: 9926: 9925: 9912: 9911: 9910: 9902: 9897: 9884: 9883: 9882: 9874: 9869: 9864: 9851: 9846: 9841: 9832: 9830: 9826: 9825: 9823: 9822: 9817: 9812: 9810:List of rulers 9807: 9801: 9799: 9792: 9786: 9785: 9774: 9773: 9766: 9759: 9751: 9742: 9741: 9739: 9738: 9731: 9724: 9716: 9713: 9712: 9702: 9700: 9698: 9697: 9668: 9663: 9658: 9653: 9648: 9643: 9638: 9633: 9628: 9626:Sönam Choklang 9623: 9617: 9614: 9613: 9604: 9603: 9596: 9589: 9581: 9572: 9571: 9569: 9568: 9561: 9554: 9551:Ganden Podrang 9547: 9540: 9532: 9529: 9528: 9521: 9519: 9517: 9516: 9514:(1935–present) 9508: 9500: 9492: 9484: 9476: 9468: 9460: 9452: 9444: 9436: 9428: 9420: 9412: 9403: 9401: 9391: 9388: 9387: 9378: 9377: 9370: 9363: 9355: 9346: 9345: 9343: 9342: 9330: 9319: 9316: 9315: 9313: 9312: 9307: 9302: 9297: 9292: 9287: 9282: 9276: 9274: 9268: 9267: 9265: 9264: 9259: 9254: 9249: 9244: 9239: 9234: 9229: 9224: 9219: 9214: 9213: 9212: 9207: 9197: 9191: 9189: 9183: 9182: 9180: 9179: 9178: 9177: 9172: 9162: 9157: 9152: 9147: 9142: 9137: 9132: 9127: 9122: 9117: 9112: 9106: 9104: 9098: 9097: 9095: 9094: 9089: 9084: 9083: 9082: 9077: 9072: 9067: 9062: 9052: 9047: 9042: 9037: 9032: 9031: 9030: 9025: 9020: 9015: 9010: 9000: 8995: 8990: 8989: 8988: 8978: 8973: 8968: 8963: 8962: 8961: 8956: 8951: 8946: 8941: 8931: 8926: 8921: 8916: 8911: 8906: 8901: 8900: 8899: 8897:Greco-Buddhist 8889: 8888: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8862: 8857: 8852: 8851: 8850: 8848:Burmese pagoda 8840: 8835: 8830: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8804: 8802: 8796: 8795: 8793: 8792: 8787: 8782: 8777: 8772: 8767: 8762: 8757: 8752: 8747: 8742: 8737: 8732: 8727: 8722: 8717: 8712: 8706: 8704: 8698: 8697: 8695: 8694: 8689: 8684: 8679: 8674: 8669: 8664: 8659: 8654: 8649: 8644: 8639: 8638: 8637: 8630:Greco-Buddhism 8627: 8622: 8621: 8620: 8610: 8605: 8600: 8595: 8589: 8587: 8581: 8580: 8578: 8577: 8576: 8575: 8570: 8565: 8563:United Kingdom 8560: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8535: 8530: 8525: 8520: 8515: 8510: 8508:Czech Republic 8505: 8500: 8495: 8490: 8485: 8475: 8474: 8473: 8468: 8458: 8457: 8456: 8446: 8445: 8444: 8439: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8399: 8398: 8397: 8387: 8382: 8372: 8367: 8362: 8357: 8352: 8347: 8342: 8337: 8332: 8327: 8322: 8317: 8312: 8307: 8302: 8297: 8292: 8286: 8284: 8278: 8277: 8275: 8274: 8272:Abhidharmadīpa 8269: 8262: 8257: 8252: 8245: 8240: 8235: 8230: 8225: 8220: 8214: 8212: 8206: 8205: 8203: 8202: 8197: 8192: 8190:B. R. Ambedkar 8187: 8182: 8177: 8172: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8147: 8142: 8137: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8117: 8112: 8110:Songtsen Gampo 8107: 8102: 8097: 8092: 8087: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8041: 8039: 8033: 8032: 8030: 8029: 8024: 8023: 8022: 8012: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7986: 7985: 7975: 7970: 7965: 7960: 7955: 7950: 7945: 7940: 7935: 7930: 7925: 7920: 7914: 7912: 7906: 7905: 7903: 7902: 7901: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7854: 7852: 7846: 7845: 7843: 7842: 7837: 7836: 7835: 7825: 7824: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7803: 7802: 7801: 7796: 7791: 7789:Eight precepts 7786: 7776: 7775: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7749: 7748: 7747: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7726: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7684: 7683: 7678: 7668: 7663: 7662: 7661: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7641: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7577: 7567: 7562: 7560:Five Strengths 7557: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7527: 7526: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7500: 7495: 7489: 7487: 7481: 7480: 7478: 7477: 7472: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7451: 7450: 7445: 7440: 7435: 7425: 7424: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7387: 7386: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7355: 7353: 7347: 7346: 7344: 7343: 7338: 7337: 7336: 7331: 7326: 7321: 7316: 7311: 7301: 7295: 7293: 7287: 7286: 7284: 7283: 7278: 7277: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7199:Mental factors 7196: 7191: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7151: 7146: 7140: 7138: 7132: 7131: 7129: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7098: 7093: 7088: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7053: 7051:Mahamoggallāna 7048: 7043: 7038: 7032: 7030: 7024: 7023: 7021: 7020: 7015: 7010: 7005: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6974: 6973: 6966:Avalokiteśvara 6962: 6960: 6954: 6953: 6951: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6939: 6938: 6930: 6922: 6914: 6906: 6898: 6890: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6857: 6852: 6847: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6816: 6814: 6808: 6807: 6805: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6788: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6767: 6761: 6759: 6753: 6752: 6750: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6728: 6725: 6724: 6705: 6704: 6697: 6690: 6682: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6613: 6611: 6607: 6606: 6604: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6591:Sera Monastery 6588: 6583: 6578: 6576:Ramoche Temple 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6532: 6530: 6526: 6525: 6523: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6476: 6474: 6473:Ritual objects 6470: 6469: 6467: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6440: 6438: 6434: 6433: 6430: 6429: 6427: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6339:Tenga Rinpoche 6336: 6334:Tarthang Tulku 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6274:Penor Rinpoche 6271: 6266: 6261: 6259:Orgyen Tobgyal 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6134:Dilgo Khyentse 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6089:Arija Rinpoche 6086: 6081: 6079:Akong Rinpoche 6076: 6074:Trisong Detsen 6070: 6068: 6064: 6063: 6061: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6044: 6042: 6038: 6037: 6035: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6018: 6016: 6012: 6011: 6009: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5987: 5985: 5981: 5980: 5978: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5936: 5934: 5927: 5923: 5922: 5920: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5908: 5907: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5866: 5864: 5860: 5859: 5857: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5785: 5783: 5779: 5778: 5776: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5734: 5732: 5728: 5727: 5725: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5678: 5676: 5672: 5671: 5662: 5661: 5654: 5647: 5639: 5633: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5620:The Dalai Lama 5615: 5614:External links 5612: 5611: 5610: 5595: 5590: 5577: 5571: 5558: 5555: 5552: 5551: 5523: 5494: 5491:. 8 July 2024. 5480: 5466: 5453: 5437: 5421: 5412: 5403: 5369: 5356: 5340: 5331: 5312: 5299: 5286: 5277: 5268: 5255: 5239: 5226: 5213: 5204: 5191: 5178: 5165: 5152: 5137: 5128: 5115: 5097: 5079: 5066: 5053: 5035: 5026: 5017: 5004: 4980: 4967: 4954: 4943:Sravasti Abbey 4930: 4911: 4884: 4838: 4811: 4788: 4763: 4746: 4733: 4712: 4699: 4686: 4673: 4649: 4636: 4620: 4607: 4583: 4570: 4557: 4536: 4523: 4502: 4489: 4476: 4459: 4446: 4430: 4409: 4396: 4376: 4369: 4345: 4338: 4320: 4307: 4291: 4278: 4258: 4217: 4203: 4194: 4165: 4145: 4124: 4107: 4094: 4081: 4068: 4055: 4042: 4012: 3988: 3975: 3955: 3921: 3908: 3884: 3875: 3862: 3853: 3836: 3824: 3811: 3798: 3789: 3780: 3767: 3754: 3740: 3727: 3708: 3707: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3694: 3693: 3670: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3663: 3662: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3641: 3640: 3630: 3621: 3620: 3619: 3608: 3607: 3593: 3577: 3574: 3573: 3572: 3566: 3560: 3554: 3548: 3542: 3535: 3528: 3469: 3466: 3434:Gansu province 3416:Sera Monastery 3403: 3400: 3395:Sera Monastery 3375: 3372: 3304: 3301: 3300: 3299: 3293: 3275: 3272: 3254: 3253: 3243: 3233: 3223: 3213: 3203: 3186: 3185: 3169:Prajnaparamita 3166: 3146: 3116: 3101: 3080: 3077: 3072:Sera monastery 3055: 3052: 3002: 2999: 2853: 2850: 2838: 2835: 2771:Lamrim chenmo, 2762:prajñaparamita 2756: 2753: 2748: 2747: 2732: 2718: 2696: 2693: 2681: 2680: 2625: 2566: 2506: 2503: 2417:3rd Dalai Lama 2383: 2376: 2362:Gelug Lineage 2355: 2352: 2302:Sravasti Abbey 2283:Gareth Sparham 2255:Robina Courtin 2251:Robert Thurman 2236:Sonam Thakchoe 2232:Geshe Gyeltsen 2224:Gelek Rinpoche 2065: 2062: 2038:Gendün Chöphel 1988: 1985: 1948:into Tibetan. 1853:Kangxi Emperor 1845:7th Dalai Lama 1832: 1829: 1809:Soyombo script 1713:Nechung Oracle 1693:5th Dalai Lama 1632: 1629: 1625:4th Dalai Lama 1592:respectively. 1582:3rd Dalai Lama 1550: 1547: 1427: 1424: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1341: 1339: 1338: 1331: 1324: 1316: 1313: 1312: 1309: 1308: 1302: 1301: 1296: 1290: 1289: 1284: 1278: 1275: 1274: 1271: 1270: 1267: 1266: 1261: 1256: 1251: 1246: 1244:Wall paintings 1241: 1236: 1230: 1225: 1224: 1221: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1214:Nyingma Gyubum 1211: 1205: 1204: 1198: 1197: 1192: 1186: 1181: 1180: 1177: 1176: 1173: 1172: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1147: 1145:Galdan Namchot 1142: 1137: 1135:Chotrul Duchen 1131: 1126: 1125: 1122: 1121: 1118: 1117: 1116: 1115: 1105: 1100: 1094: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1077: 1076: 1071: 1065: 1062: 1061: 1058: 1057: 1054: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1037: 1036: 1031: 1026: 1021: 1015: 1014: 1009: 1004: 999: 993: 992: 987: 982: 976: 975: 970: 965: 959: 958: 953: 948: 942: 941: 936: 931: 925: 920: 919: 916: 915: 912: 911: 906: 900: 899: 894: 889: 883: 882: 877: 871: 870: 865: 859: 858: 856:Avalokiteśvara 853: 847: 846: 841: 835: 832: 831: 828: 827: 824: 823: 818: 812: 811: 807: 806: 801: 796: 790: 789: 785: 784: 779: 773: 772: 767: 762: 756: 755: 746: 741: 735: 734: 728: 727: 723: 718: 717: 714: 713: 710: 709: 704: 699: 694: 692:5th Dalai Lama 689: 683: 682: 672: 671: 666: 665: 660: 654: 653: 648: 647: 642: 636: 635: 630: 629: 627:Rangjung Dorje 624: 618: 617: 612: 611: 606: 601: 596: 591: 586: 580: 579: 575: 574: 569: 564: 559: 554: 549: 543: 542: 537: 536: 531: 529:Trisong Detsen 526: 524:Songtsen Gampo 521: 516: 511: 505: 504: 499: 494: 493: 490: 489: 486: 485: 480: 475: 470: 465: 460: 455: 450: 444: 439: 438: 435: 434: 426: 425: 417: 416: 405: 402: 365: 364: 361: 360: 353: 347: 346: 340: 339: 338:Transcriptions 331: 330: 319: 313: 312: 301: 295: 294: 287: 286: 283: 282: 275: 266: 265: 262: 260:Tibetan Pinyin 256: 255: 252: 246: 245: 244:Transcriptions 237: 236: 227: 221: 220: 213: 212: 205: 202: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10978: 10967: 10964: 10962: 10959: 10957: 10954: 10953: 10951: 10936: 10933: 10932: 10927: 10923: 10920: 10916: 10915: 10911: 10901: 10898: 10896: 10893: 10891: 10888: 10884: 10881: 10879: 10878: 10874: 10872: 10871: 10867: 10866: 10865: 10862: 10860: 10856: 10852: 10850: 10847: 10845: 10842: 10840: 10837: 10835: 10832: 10830: 10827: 10825: 10822: 10820: 10817: 10813: 10810: 10808: 10805: 10803: 10800: 10798: 10797: 10793: 10791: 10790: 10786: 10784: 10781: 10780: 10779: 10776: 10775: 10773: 10771: 10767: 10759: 10756: 10754: 10751: 10749: 10746: 10744: 10741: 10740: 10739: 10736: 10734: 10731: 10729: 10726: 10722: 10719: 10717: 10714: 10706: 10703: 10702: 10701: 10698: 10696: 10693: 10689: 10686: 10685: 10684: 10681: 10679: 10676: 10675: 10674: 10671: 10669: 10666: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10652: 10649: 10647: 10644: 10643: 10642: 10639: 10638: 10637: 10634: 10632: 10629: 10628: 10627: 10624: 10622: 10619: 10617: 10614: 10613: 10610: 10607: 10603: 10593: 10590: 10588: 10585: 10583: 10580: 10579: 10576: 10573: 10571: 10567: 10555: 10552: 10551: 10550: 10547: 10545: 10542: 10541: 10539: 10537: 10533: 10527: 10524: 10522: 10519: 10517: 10514: 10510: 10507: 10506: 10505: 10502: 10500: 10497: 10495: 10492: 10490: 10487: 10485: 10482: 10478: 10475: 10474: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10460: 10456: 10453: 10452: 10451: 10448: 10446: 10440: 10439: 10436: 10433: 10431: 10427: 10411: 10408: 10407: 10406: 10403: 10401: 10398: 10396: 10393: 10392: 10390: 10386: 10380: 10377: 10371: 10368: 10367: 10366: 10363: 10362: 10361: 10358: 10356: 10353: 10347: 10344: 10343: 10342: 10339: 10338: 10336: 10332: 10329: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10318: 10315: 10313: 10310: 10309: 10308: 10305: 10303: 10301: 10298: 10296: 10293: 10291: 10288: 10287: 10284: 10280: 10277: 10275: 10271: 10260: 10257: 10255: 10252: 10250: 10247: 10245: 10242: 10240: 10237: 10235: 10232: 10230: 10227: 10225: 10222: 10220: 10217: 10215: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10186: 10184: 10180: 10174: 10171: 10167: 10164: 10162: 10159: 10157: 10154: 10152: 10149: 10148: 10147: 10144: 10142: 10139: 10137: 10134: 10132: 10129: 10125: 10122: 10121: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10112: 10110: 10107: 10105: 10102: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10087: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10077: 10075: 10072: 10070: 10067: 10065: 10062: 10060: 10057: 10055: 10052: 10050: 10047: 10045: 10042: 10040: 10037: 10035: 10032: 10031: 10029: 10023: 10015: 10012: 10010: 10007: 10006: 10005: 10002: 9998: 9995: 9994: 9993: 9990: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9978: 9977: 9976: 9970: 9968: 9965: 9961: 9958: 9957: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9948: 9946: 9943: 9939: 9933: 9932: 9931: 9928: 9924: 9921: 9920: 9919: 9913: 9909: 9903: 9901: 9898: 9896: 9893: 9892: 9891: 9885: 9881: 9875: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9865: 9863: 9860: 9859: 9858: 9852: 9850: 9847: 9845: 9842: 9840: 9834: 9833: 9831: 9827: 9821: 9818: 9816: 9813: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9803: 9802: 9800: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9787: 9783: 9779: 9772: 9767: 9765: 9760: 9758: 9753: 9752: 9749: 9737: 9732: 9730: 9725: 9723: 9718: 9717: 9714: 9706: 9694: 9689: 9683: 9678: 9674: 9673: 9669: 9667: 9664: 9662: 9659: 9657: 9654: 9652: 9649: 9647: 9644: 9642: 9641:Lobsang Yeshe 9639: 9637: 9634: 9632: 9629: 9627: 9624: 9622: 9619: 9618: 9615: 9611: 9609:Panchen Lamas 9602: 9597: 9595: 9590: 9588: 9583: 9582: 9579: 9567: 9562: 9560: 9558:Potala Palace 9555: 9553: 9548: 9546: 9541: 9539: 9534: 9533: 9530: 9525: 9512: 9509: 9504: 9501: 9496: 9493: 9488: 9485: 9480: 9477: 9472: 9469: 9464: 9461: 9456: 9453: 9448: 9445: 9440: 9437: 9432: 9429: 9424: 9421: 9416: 9415:Gendun Gyatso 9413: 9408: 9405: 9404: 9395: 9389: 9385: 9376: 9371: 9369: 9364: 9362: 9357: 9356: 9353: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9329: 9321: 9320: 9317: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9277: 9275: 9273: 9269: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9245: 9243: 9240: 9238: 9235: 9233: 9230: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9220: 9218: 9215: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9202: 9201: 9198: 9196: 9193: 9192: 9190: 9188: 9184: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9167: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9148: 9146: 9143: 9141: 9138: 9136: 9133: 9131: 9128: 9126: 9123: 9121: 9118: 9116: 9113: 9111: 9108: 9107: 9105: 9103: 9102:Miscellaneous 9099: 9093: 9092:Vegetarianism 9090: 9088: 9085: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9057: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9041: 9038: 9036: 9033: 9029: 9026: 9024: 9021: 9019: 9016: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9006: 9005: 9004: 9001: 8999: 8996: 8994: 8991: 8987: 8984: 8983: 8982: 8979: 8977: 8974: 8972: 8969: 8967: 8964: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8950: 8947: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8936: 8935: 8932: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8920: 8917: 8915: 8914:Buddha in art 8912: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8898: 8895: 8894: 8893: 8890: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8849: 8846: 8845: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8836: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8810: 8809: 8806: 8805: 8803: 8801: 8797: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8761: 8758: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8718: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8707: 8705: 8703: 8699: 8693: 8690: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8675: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8663: 8660: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8640: 8636: 8633: 8632: 8631: 8628: 8626: 8623: 8619: 8616: 8615: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8606: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8596: 8594: 8591: 8590: 8588: 8586: 8582: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8568:United States 8566: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8480: 8479: 8476: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8464: 8463: 8462: 8459: 8455: 8452: 8451: 8450: 8447: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8435: 8434: 8433: 8430: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8400: 8395: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8377: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8318: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8303: 8301: 8298: 8296: 8293: 8291: 8288: 8287: 8285: 8283: 8279: 8273: 8270: 8268: 8267: 8263: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8250: 8246: 8244: 8241: 8239: 8236: 8234: 8231: 8229: 8226: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8215: 8213: 8211: 8207: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8125:Padmasambhava 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8042: 8040: 8038: 8037:Major figures 8034: 8028: 8025: 8021: 8018: 8017: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7984: 7983:Western tulku 7981: 7980: 7979: 7976: 7974: 7971: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7915: 7913: 7911: 7907: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7880: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7855: 7853: 7851: 7847: 7841: 7838: 7834: 7831: 7830: 7829: 7826: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7812: 7809: 7808: 7807: 7804: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7784:Five precepts 7782: 7781: 7780: 7777: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7762:Dhamma vicaya 7760: 7758: 7755: 7754: 7753: 7750: 7746: 7743: 7742: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7710: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7673: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7609: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7584: 7583: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7572: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7530:Buddhābhiṣeka 7528: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7505: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7490: 7488: 7486: 7482: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7439: 7436: 7434: 7431: 7430: 7429: 7426: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7385: 7382: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7366: 7365: 7362: 7361: 7360: 7357: 7356: 7354: 7352: 7348: 7342: 7339: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7306: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7296: 7294: 7292: 7288: 7282: 7279: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7261: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7174:Enlightenment 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7164:Dhamma theory 7162: 7160: 7159:Buddha-nature 7157: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7141: 7139: 7137: 7133: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7033: 7031: 7029: 7025: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6998:Samantabhadra 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6972: 6969: 6968: 6967: 6964: 6963: 6961: 6959: 6955: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6937: 6931: 6929: 6923: 6921: 6915: 6913: 6907: 6905: 6899: 6897: 6891: 6889: 6883: 6882: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6817: 6815: 6813: 6809: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6772: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6762: 6760: 6758: 6754: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6730: 6729: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6703: 6698: 6696: 6691: 6689: 6684: 6683: 6680: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6614: 6612: 6608: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6533: 6531: 6527: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6477: 6475: 6471: 6465: 6464:Tibetan canon 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6441: 6439: 6435: 6425: 6424:Zong Rinpoche 6422: 6420: 6419:Yudra Nyingpo 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6369:Thubten Yeshe 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6359:Thinley Norbu 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6304:Sakya Chokden 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6244:Namkhai Norbu 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6234:Marpa Lotsawa 6232: 6230: 6229:Ling Rinpoche 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6199:Kalu Rinpoche 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6144:Drukpa Kunley 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6071: 6069: 6065: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6048:Je Tsongkhapa 6046: 6045: 6043: 6039: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6019: 6017: 6013: 6007: 6004: 6002: 6001:Sakya Pandita 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5988: 5986: 5982: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5965:Dudjom Lingpa 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5945:Yeshe Tsogyal 5943: 5941: 5940:Padmasambhava 5938: 5937: 5935: 5931: 5928: 5924: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5906: 5905:Western tulku 5903: 5902: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5867: 5865: 5861: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5786: 5784: 5780: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5735: 5733: 5729: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5679: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5660: 5655: 5653: 5648: 5646: 5641: 5640: 5637: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5617: 5608: 5607:1-57416-092-3 5604: 5600: 5596: 5593: 5591:0-7007-1508-8 5587: 5583: 5578: 5575: 5572: 5569: 5568:1-59030-286-9 5565: 5561: 5560: 5541: 5537: 5530: 5528: 5513:on 2012-08-04 5512: 5508: 5504: 5498: 5490: 5484: 5477:. 9 Jan 2021. 5476: 5470: 5463: 5457: 5450: 5444: 5442: 5434: 5428: 5426: 5416: 5407: 5393: 5389: 5382: 5380: 5378: 5376: 5374: 5366: 5360: 5353: 5347: 5345: 5335: 5328: 5324: 5321: 5316: 5309: 5303: 5296: 5290: 5281: 5272: 5265: 5259: 5252: 5250: 5243: 5236: 5230: 5223: 5217: 5208: 5201: 5195: 5188: 5182: 5175: 5169: 5162: 5156: 5150: 5148: 5141: 5132: 5126:, pp. 485–90. 5125: 5119: 5112: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5095: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5076: 5070: 5063: 5057: 5050: 5044: 5042: 5040: 5030: 5021: 5014: 5008: 5001: 4997: 4991: 4989: 4987: 4985: 4977: 4971: 4964: 4958: 4944: 4940: 4934: 4926: 4922: 4915: 4899: 4895: 4888: 4881: 4877: 4873: 4869: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4842: 4826: 4822: 4815: 4799: 4792: 4778:on 2021-05-17 4777: 4773: 4767: 4760: 4756: 4750: 4743: 4737: 4730: 4729:0-415-29765-6 4726: 4722: 4716: 4709: 4703: 4696: 4690: 4683: 4677: 4663: 4659: 4653: 4646: 4640: 4633: 4631: 4624: 4617: 4611: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4587: 4580: 4574: 4567: 4561: 4554: 4553:1-57416-092-3 4550: 4546: 4540: 4533: 4527: 4520: 4519:1-57416-092-3 4516: 4512: 4506: 4499: 4493: 4487:I. B. Tauris. 4486: 4480: 4473: 4469: 4463: 4456: 4450: 4443: 4437: 4435: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4413: 4406: 4400: 4392: 4391: 4390:The Economist 4386: 4380: 4372: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4357: 4349: 4341: 4335: 4331: 4324: 4317: 4311: 4304: 4298: 4296: 4288: 4282: 4275: 4274:0-86171-045-2 4271: 4267: 4262: 4254: 4248: 4241: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4221: 4215: 4214: 4207: 4198: 4191: 4190:0-671-20559-5 4187: 4183: 4182:0-671-20099-2 4179: 4175: 4169: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4149: 4143:, p. 19. 4142: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4122:, p. 18. 4121: 4116: 4114: 4112: 4104: 4098: 4091: 4085: 4078: 4072: 4065: 4059: 4052: 4046: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4025: 4023: 4021: 4019: 4017: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3995: 3993: 3985: 3979: 3972: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3928: 3926: 3918: 3912: 3905: 3901: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3879: 3872: 3866: 3857: 3850: 3849:0-7914-1835-9 3846: 3840: 3831: 3829: 3821: 3815: 3808: 3802: 3793: 3784: 3777: 3771: 3764: 3758: 3750: 3744: 3737: 3731: 3724: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3709: 3691: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3675: 3671: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3639: 3636: 3635: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3625: 3622: 3618: 3615: 3614: 3613: 3610: 3609: 3605: 3599: 3594: 3591: 3580: 3571: 3567: 3565: 3564:Ling Rinpoche 3561: 3559: 3555: 3553: 3549: 3547: 3543: 3540: 3536: 3533: 3529: 3526: 3522: 3521: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3497: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3474: 3465: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3396: 3391: 3385:, Tibet, 2013 3384: 3380: 3371: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3355: 3351: 3349: 3345: 3340: 3338: 3334: 3328: 3326: 3322: 3316: 3309: 3294: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3276: 3273: 3267: 3263: 3262: 3261: 3259: 3251: 3247: 3244: 3241: 3237: 3234: 3231: 3227: 3224: 3221: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3197: 3194: 3193: 3192: 3189: 3183: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3167: 3164: 3163: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3138: 3137: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3114: 3109: 3105: 3102: 3100:by Gunaprabha 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3086: 3085: 3074:, Tibet, 2013 3073: 3050: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3038:Vajrabhairava 3035: 3031: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3016: 3007: 2998: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2985:(1617–1682), 2984: 2980: 2975: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2951: 2946: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2927: 2925: 2921: 2916: 2913: 2909: 2904: 2902: 2901: 2896: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2862: 2858: 2849: 2846: 2845: 2834: 2829: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2818: 2811: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2777: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2763: 2752: 2745: 2744: 2739: 2738: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2723: 2719: 2716: 2715: 2710: 2706: 2705: 2704: 2702: 2692: 2690: 2686: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2669: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2651: 2646: 2645: 2640: 2639: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2623: 2622: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2604: 2599: 2598: 2593: 2589: 2588: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2537: 2533: 2532: 2527: 2526: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2502: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2491:Book of Kadam 2488: 2487: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2465: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2381: 2372: 2368: 2365: 2360: 2351: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2324: 2322: 2318: 2313: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2286: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2239: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2208:Geshe Lhakdor 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2190:(who founded 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2168:Thubten Yeshe 2165: 2161: 2156: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2077:Thupten Jinpa 2074: 2070: 2061: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2050:Dorje Shugden 2047: 2043: 2039: 2034: 2032: 2028: 2023: 2021: 2016: 2015:Rime movement 2012: 2008: 2004: 1997: 1993: 1984: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1949: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1904: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1885:Jamyang Shéba 1882: 1878: 1877: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1828: 1824: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1791: 1786: 1782: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1743: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1720: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1705:Potala Palace 1702: 1698: 1694: 1689: 1687: 1683: 1682:Sonam Chophel 1679: 1678:Samten Karmay 1675: 1671: 1667: 1660: 1659:Potala Palace 1656: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1628: 1626: 1620: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1593: 1591: 1587: 1586:Gendun Gyatso 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1560: 1555: 1546: 1545:(1648–1751). 1544: 1543:Jamyang Zhepa 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1523: 1521: 1516: 1515:hagiographies 1511: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1496:western Tibet 1493: 1488: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1465: 1461: 1456: 1454: 1445: 1440: 1432: 1423: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1403: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1376: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1361:Drikung Kagyu 1358: 1354: 1353:Je Tsongkhapa 1337: 1332: 1330: 1325: 1323: 1318: 1317: 1315: 1314: 1307: 1304: 1303: 1300: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1279: 1273: 1272: 1265: 1262: 1260: 1257: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1231: 1228: 1223: 1222: 1215: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1206: 1203: 1200: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1187: 1184: 1179: 1178: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1132: 1129: 1124: 1123: 1114: 1113:Western tulku 1111: 1110: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1095: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1066: 1060: 1059: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1038: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1016: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 994: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 978: 977: 974: 971: 969: 966: 964: 961: 960: 957: 954: 952: 949: 947: 944: 943: 940: 937: 935: 932: 930: 927: 926: 923: 918: 917: 910: 907: 905: 902: 901: 898: 895: 893: 890: 888: 885: 884: 881: 878: 876: 873: 872: 869: 866: 864: 861: 860: 857: 854: 852: 849: 848: 845: 842: 840: 837: 836: 830: 829: 822: 819: 817: 814: 813: 809: 808: 805: 802: 800: 797: 795: 792: 791: 787: 786: 783: 780: 778: 775: 774: 771: 768: 766: 763: 761: 758: 757: 754: 752: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 736: 733: 730: 729: 725: 724: 721: 716: 715: 708: 705: 703: 700: 698: 695: 693: 690: 688: 687:Je Tsongkhapa 685: 684: 679: 678: 677: 676: 668: 667: 664: 661: 659: 658:Sakya Pandita 656: 655: 650: 649: 646: 643: 641: 638: 637: 632: 631: 628: 625: 623: 620: 619: 614: 613: 610: 607: 605: 604:Dudjom Lingpa 602: 600: 597: 595: 592: 590: 587: 585: 584:Yeshe Tsogyal 582: 581: 577: 576: 573: 570: 568: 565: 563: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 548: 545: 544: 539: 538: 535: 532: 530: 527: 525: 522: 520: 517: 515: 512: 510: 509:Padmasambhāva 507: 506: 501: 500: 497: 492: 491: 484: 481: 479: 476: 474: 471: 469: 466: 464: 461: 459: 456: 454: 451: 449: 446: 445: 442: 437: 436: 432: 428: 427: 424: 419: 418: 414: 410: 409: 401: 399: 395: 390: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 358: 354: 352: 348: 345: 341: 336: 332: 326: 320: 318: 314: 308: 302: 300: 296: 292: 288: 280: 276: 274: 271: 267: 263: 261: 257: 253: 251: 247: 242: 238: 233: 228: 226: 222: 218: 214: 209: 201: 198: 193: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 156:tradition of 155: 151: 146: 144: 143:Gendün Drubpa 140: 136: 132: 128: 124: 121: 117: 116:Je Tsongkhapa 113: 105: 99: 72: 64: 60: 56: 52: 45: 41: 37: 33: 32:Je Tsongkhapa 28: 22: 21:Gelug (river) 10875: 10868: 10854: 10802:sand mandala 10794: 10787: 10728:Sinicization 10700:Panchen Lama 10695:Lhamo La-tso 10678:Ganden Tripa 10672: 10472:Human rights 10346:Grand Canyon 10326:Namcha Barwa 10319: / 9997:Tibetan Army 9895:Guge kingdom 9670: 9542: 9280:Bodhisattvas 9200:Christianity 9195:Baháʼí Faith 9060:Dharmachakra 9050:Prayer wheel 9040:Prayer beads 8808:Architecture 8687:969 Movement 8471:Saudi Arabia 8449:Central Asia 8442:South Africa 8264: 8247: 8180:Panchen Lama 8085:Buddhapālita 7681:Satipatthana 7676:Mindful Yoga 7589:Recollection 7503:Brahmavihara 7374:Japanese Zen 7369:Chinese Chan 7329:Animal realm 7136:Key concepts 6958:Bodhisattvas 6770:Three Jewels 6344:Tenzin Palmo 6174:Ganden Tripa 6124:Dampa Sangye 6058:Panchen Lama 5996:Sakya Trizin 5955:Jigme Lingpa 5691: 5598: 5581: 5543:. 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At first, 368: 351:Hanyu Pinyin 324: 306: 231: 194: 189: 178:Mongol Khans 170:Ganden Tripa 149: 147: 103: 70: 68: 10812:wall murals 10716:Catholicism 10300:Environment 9974:(1720–1912) 9937:(1368–1644) 9917:(1270–1350) 9838:(Neolithic) 9836:Prehistory 9565:Norbulingka 9506:(1876–1933) 9498:(1857–1875) 9490:(1838–1856) 9482:(1816–1837) 9474:(1805–1815) 9466:(1758–1804) 9458:(1708–1757) 9450:(1683–1706) 9442:(1617–1682) 9434:(1589–1617) 9426:(1543–1588) 9418:(1475–1542) 9410:(1391–1474) 9407:Gendun Drup 9383:Dalai Lamas 9125:Dharma talk 8954:Asalha Puja 8750:Eschatology 8553:Switzerland 8533:New Zealand 8461:Middle East 8370:Philippines 8290:Afghanistan 8095:Bodhidharma 8080:Buddhaghosa 8000:Householder 7910:Monasticism 7863:Bodhisattva 7718:Prostration 7671:Mindfulness 7599:Anapanasati 7582:Kammaṭṭhāna 7379:Korean Seon 7319:Asura realm 7314:Human realm 7254:Ten Fetters 7209:Parinirvana 7111:Uppalavanna 7076:Mahākaccana 7061:Mahākassapa 6993:Kṣitigarbha 6988:Ākāśagarbha 6885:Suddhodāna 6830:Four sights 6757:Foundations 6627:Dharamshala 6529:Monasteries 6414:Vimalamitra 6269:Pema Lingpa 5926:Key figures 5912:Vajracharya 5839:Six Dharmas 5794:Empowerment 3645:Gyuto Order 3604:Asia portal 3514:Khön family 3402:Monasteries 3348:John Powers 3250:gSer-phreng 3131:Dharmakirti 3030:Guhyasamāja 2981:teachings; 2964:Dagpo Kagyu 2962:, from the 2935:Guhyasamāja 2886:Guhyasamāja 2861:Guhyasamāja 2804:Dharmakirti 2671:(including 2519:afflictions 2364:Refuge Tree 2218:and became 2141:nonviolence 2125:Dharamshala 2058:Vajrakilaya 1971:as well as 1849:Qing Empire 1805:Bogd Gegeen 1670:Güshri Khan 1613:shamanistic 1590:Dalai Lamas 1570:Gendün Drup 1419:monasteries 1413:(1416) and 968:Mindrolling 765:Bodhisattva 567:Sukhasiddhi 557:Abhayakirti 254:dge lugs pa 232:དགེ་ལུགས་པ་ 139:Gyaltsap Je 123:philosopher 10950:Categories 10895:Tibetology 10864:Literature 10683:Dalai Lama 10536:Government 10494:Tibet Area 10489:Golden Urn 10455:Parliament 9980:Lifan Yuan 9907:(960–1279) 9844:Zhangzhung 9829:Chronology 9242:Psychology 9222:Gnosticism 9210:Comparison 9205:Influences 9187:Comparison 9070:Bhavacakra 9028:Kushinagar 9003:Pilgrimage 8949:Māgha Pūjā 8904:Bodhi Tree 8720:Buddhology 8710:Abhidharma 8702:Philosophy 8635:Menander I 8503:Costa Rica 8454:Uzbekistan 8295:Bangladesh 8249:Dhammapada 8233:Pali Canon 8195:Ajahn Chah 8175:Dalai Lama 8075:Kumārajīva 8070:Vasubandhu 8045:The Buddha 7953:Zen master 7888:Sakadagami 7868:Buddhahood 7799:Pratimokṣa 7614:Shikantaza 7570:Meditation 7545:Deity yoga 7416:Madhyamaka 7309:Deva realm 7204:Mindstream 7154:Bodhicitta 7066:Aṅgulimāla 6933:Devadatta 6909:Yaśodharā 6812:The Buddha 6802:Middle Way 6409:Vairotsana 6324:Tai Situpa 6264:Phabongkha 6053:Dalai Lama 5950:Longchenpa 5917:Vidyadhara 5789:Deity yoga 5675:Traditions 5545:2021-10-20 5517:2014-11-26 5397:2021-10-19 4948:2017-07-28 4782:2021-05-17 4761:Hay House. 4667:2021-10-17 4141:McKay 2003 4120:McKay 2003 3809:, pp. ix–x 3699:References 3624:Dalai Lama 3525:Dalai Lama 3393:Sera Mey, 3177:Maitreya's 3173:phar-phyin 3149:Madhyamaka 3108:Vasubandhu 3104:Abhidharma 3019:Jampalyang 2943:Dalai Lama 2920:deity yoga 2908:bodhicitta 2792:mādhyamika 2789:prāsangika 2781:eternalism 2727:bodhicitta 2722:Buddhahood 2714:naiṣkramya 2638:bodhicitta 2570:liberation 2515:wrong view 2481:Kamalaśīla 2450:Shantideva 2334:after the 2222:, such as 2153:Dalai Lama 2095:After the 1926:Qing court 1881:doxography 1867:grub mtha' 1851:under the 1790:Ulan Bator 1751:Altan Khan 1697:theocratic 1578:Altan Khan 1531:Khedrup Je 1396:madhyamaka 1347:Tsongkhapa 1264:Mani stone 1069:Dalai Lama 909:Buddhahood 897:Dream yoga 887:Deity yoga 863:Meditation 851:Bodhicitta 589:Longchenpa 519:Kamalaśīla 387:Tsongkhapa 174:Dalai Lama 135:Khedrup Je 61:ceremony, 59:Kalachakra 44:protectors 10877:Chronicle 10839:Festivals 10651:Dpon-chen 10621:Languages 10616:Education 10365:Changtang 10307:Mountains 10274:Geography 10182:Documents 10027:conflicts 9879:(618–907) 9798:Overviews 9447:Tsangyang 9310:Festivals 9290:Buddhists 9252:Theosophy 9055:Symbolism 9045:Hama yumi 9018:Bodh Gaya 8785:Socialism 8760:Evolution 8735:Economics 8573:Venezuela 8488:Australia 8483:Argentina 8407:Sri Lanka 8402:Singapore 8320:Indonesia 8282:Countries 8223:Tripiṭaka 8185:Ajahn Mun 8060:Nagarjuna 8055:Aśvaghoṣa 7938:Anagārika 7933:Śrāmaṇerī 7928:Śrāmaṇera 7923:Bhikkhunī 7883:Sotāpanna 7772:Passaddhi 7713:Offerings 7688:Nekkhamma 7565:Iddhipada 7485:Practices 7455:Theravada 7428:Vajrayana 7421:Yogachara 7391:Pure Land 7304:Six Paths 7291:Cosmology 7071:Anuruddha 7046:Sāriputta 7036:Kaundinya 7028:Disciples 7003:Vajrapāṇi 6855:Footprint 6820:Tathāgata 6657:Shambhala 6329:Taranatha 5799:Guru yoga 5773:Vajrayana 5768:Pure Land 5763:Mahamudra 5748:Kālacakra 5163:, p. 482. 4882:newspaper 4880:The Hindu 4247:cite book 4235:475275688 4053:, p. 475. 3973:, p. 476. 3704:Citations 3460:. In the 3339:tantras. 3288:Shartse, 3141:Dignaga’s 2960:Mahamudra 2945:remarks: 2912:vipaśyanā 2903:tantras. 2900:Kālacakra 2894:Yamāntaka 2817:vipasyana 2808:Nagarjuna 2769:. In the 2767:emptiness 2689:Vajrayana 2677:vipasyana 2668:paramitas 2603:vipasyana 2473:vipaśyanā 2454:Nagarjuna 2429:Easy Path 2354:Teachings 2306:bhiksunis 2139:promotes 1981:Khotanese 1977:Mongolian 1938:Mongolian 1876:siddhanta 1797:Zanabazar 1771:Mahamudra 1609:Mongolian 1520:Manjushri 1128:Festivals 892:Guru yoga 875:Vajrayana 844:Pāramitās 744:Cosmology 720:Teachings 645:Taranatha 379:Pure land 204:Etymology 192:or sect. 166:monastery 129:yogi and 10966:Rangtong 10935:Category 10819:Calendar 10753:Diaspora 10626:Religion 10430:Politics 10331:Tanggula 10321:Changtse 10025:Wars and 9900:Tsongkha 9862:Timeline 9805:Timeline 9782:articles 9672:Disputed 9479:Tsultrim 9328:Category 9257:Violence 9227:Hinduism 9175:Sanskrit 9130:Hinayana 9115:Amitābha 9075:Swastika 8944:Uposatha 8934:Holidays 8919:Calendar 8765:Humanism 8603:Kanishka 8593:Timeline 8417:Thailand 8385:Kalmykia 8380:Buryatia 8365:Pakistan 8350:Mongolia 8345:Maldives 8340:Malaysia 8305:Cambodia 8170:Shamarpa 8165:Nichiren 8115:Xuanzang 8050:Nagasena 7968:Rinpoche 7698:Pāramitā 7540:Devotion 7460:Navayana 7448:Dzogchen 7411:Nichiren 7359:Mahayana 7351:Branches 7229:Saṅkhāra 6978:Mañjuśrī 6935:(cousin) 6927:(cousin) 6895:(mother) 6887:(father) 6875:Miracles 6825:Birthday 6742:Glossary 6715:Buddhism 6652:Mongolia 6637:Kalmykia 6622:Buryatia 6314:Shamarpa 6022:Milarepa 5890:Rinpoche 5743:Dzogchen 5323:Archived 4868:Archived 4857:Archived 4593:(2012). 4240:country. 3686:Archived 3576:See also 3506:Karmapas 3462:Gyalrong 3446:Mongolia 3123:tshad ma 3015:Mañjuśrī 2979:Dzogchen 2776:shentong 2743:shunyata 2633:Mahāyāna 2621:shunyata 2578:Hinayana 2511:Mahayana 2462:Maitreya 2458:Asanga's 2399:and the 2344:Kalmykia 2340:Buryatia 2294:bhiksuni 2290:American 2103:and the 2007:Dzogchen 1761:and the 1759:Shigatse 1605:Mongolia 1576:leader, 1564:In 1577 1287:Timeline 1155:Dosmoche 1091:Rinpoche 980:Narthang 939:Dzogchen 816:Dzogchen 669:Bodongpa 572:Milarepa 534:Ralpacan 413:a series 411:Part of 186:Mongolia 63:Bodhgaya 40:Gyeltsap 10919:Outline 10883:writers 10824:Cuisine 10789:thangka 10770:Culture 10743:Changpa 10658:Nyingma 10605:Society 10570:Economy 10405:Ü-Tsang 10379:Valleys 10337:Rivers 10312:Kailash 9872:Lönchen 9854:Empire 9790:History 9503:Thubten 9495:Trinley 9487:Khedrup 9471:Lungtok 9463:Jamphel 9455:Kelzang 9305:Temples 9285:Buddhas 9247:Science 9237:Judaism 9232:Jainism 9150:Lineage 9110:Abhijñā 9080:Thangka 9023:Sarnath 9008:Lumbini 8929:Funeral 8924:Cuisine 8800:Culture 8775:Reality 8725:Creator 8715:Atomism 8585:History 8558:Ukraine 8518:Germany 8437:Senegal 8427:Vietnam 8355:Myanmar 8155:Shinran 8145:Karmapa 8120:Shandao 8090:Dignāga 8015:Śrāvaka 7995:Donchee 7990:Kappiya 7948:Sayadaw 7918:Bhikkhu 7893:Anāgāmi 7850:Nirvana 7816:Samadhi 7703:Paritta 7644:Tonglen 7639:Mandala 7594:Smarana 7575:Mantras 7523:Upekkha 7493:Bhavana 7443:Shingon 7396:Tiantai 7249:Tathātā 7239:Śūnyatā 7234:Skandha 7224:Saṃsāra 7219:Rebirth 7194:Kleshas 7184:Indriya 7086:Subhūti 6971:Guanyin 6925:Ānanda 6917:Rāhula 6797:Nirvana 6737:Outline 6510:Thangka 6500:Serkyem 6454:Tengyur 6449:Kangyur 6169:Gampopa 6027:Karmapa 5933:Nyingma 5885:Rigdzin 5834:Sadhana 5804:Mandala 5712:Nyingma 5557:Sources 4184:(hbk); 3454:Sershul 3397:, India 3333:tantric 3282:Drepung 3258:yig-cha 3127:pramana 3090:’dul ba 2926:alone. 2699:In his 2673:samatha 2659:tonglen 2597:samadhi 2574:Sravaka 2536:rebirth 2531:samsara 2499:Dromton 2469:samatha 2395:), the 2380:lam rim 2367:thangka 2310:bhikkus 2054:Nyingma 2011:Nyingma 1928:of the 1724:Nyingma 1648:Beijing 1597:Mongols 1535:Gorampa 1411:Drepung 1373:Rendawa 1369:Nyingma 1299:Culture 1294:Outline 1282:History 1239:Thangka 1195:Tengyur 1190:Kangyur 1170:Losoong 1165:Sho Dun 1086:Karmapa 1046:Tsurphu 1007:Ramoche 990:Pabonka 985:Nechung 973:Namgyal 963:Labrang 951:Jokhang 934:Drepung 929:Tradruk 904:Thukdam 810:Nyingma 788:Tibetan 760:Rebirth 751:Saṃsāra 739:Skandha 680:Gelugpa 663:Gorampa 640:Dolpopa 578:Nyingma 448:Nyingma 441:Schools 404:History 377:", the 375:Tushita 291:Chinese 225:Tibetan 217:Tibetan 127:tantric 120:Tibetan 102:, also 65:(India) 10870:Annals 10834:Emblem 10796:tsakli 10668:Jonang 10317:Lhotse 10261:(2008) 9960:Kashag 9780: 9511:Tenzin 9439:Lozang 9431:Yonten 9300:Sutras 9295:Suttas 9160:Siddhi 9145:Koliya 9120:Brahmā 9035:Poetry 8981:Mantra 8971:Kasaya 8843:Pagoda 8823:Kyaung 8818:Vihāra 8813:Temple 8755:Ethics 8598:Ashoka 8548:Sweden 8543:Poland 8538:Norway 8528:Mexico 8513:France 8498:Canada 8493:Brazil 8432:Africa 8412:Taiwan 8375:Russia 8300:Bhutan 8260:Vinaya 8140:Naropa 8130:Saraha 8065:Asanga 7821:Prajñā 7730:Refuge 7693:Nianfo 7654:Tertön 7649:Tantra 7634:Ganana 7624:Tukdam 7550:Dhyāna 7518:Mudita 7513:Karuṇā 7406:Risshū 7401:Huayan 7334:Naraka 7274:Anattā 7269:Dukkha 7264:Anicca 7169:Dharma 7121:Channa 7056:Ānanda 7041:Assaji 7008:Skanda 6911:(wife) 6880:Family 6860:Relics 6785:Sangha 6780:Dharma 6775:Buddha 6642:Ladakh 6617:Bhutan 6610:Places 6495:Phurba 6490:Ghanta 6485:Damaru 6444:Gyubum 5970:Mipham 5895:Tertön 5880:Ngakpa 5875:Khenpo 5854:Tukdam 5829:Refuge 5809:Mantra 5758:Lamrim 5753:Lamdre 5702:Jonang 5682:Bodong 5605: 5588: 5566: 4925:YouGov 4727: 4601: 4551: 4517: 4424: 4367: 4336: 4272: 4233: 4192:(pbk). 4188: 4180: 4160: 4036: 4006: 3949: 3847: 3502:tulkus 3458:Dargye 3456:, and 3408:Ganden 3354:Powers 3325:debate 3286:Ganden 3270:Ngagpa 3153:dbu-ma 3094:vinaya 3046:lojong 3042:lamrim 3017:(Tib. 2958:, and 2950:focus. 2844:vinaya 2837:Vinaya 2685:Lamrim 2661:, the 2650:karuṇā 2644:maitrī 2587:duḥkha 2477:Lamrim 2433:de lam 2371:refuge 2330:, led 2317:Maoist 2292:Gelug 2281:, and 2234:, and 2210:, and 2151:. 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