202:
1106:. 'Knee,' but more extensively: 'That part of the body of anything which, in moving, enables the rest of the body or object to be propelled.' This is used of the hump in a snake's back as it wriggles, the swish point of a crocodile's tail, or the wheel of a car or tractor.
594:
The Yidiny language has a number of particles that change the meaning of an entire clause. These, unlike other forms in the language, such as nouns, verbs and gender markers, have no grammatical case and take no tense inflections. The particles in the Yidiny language:
639:
hit him'. Dixon states that "pronouns inflect in a nominative-accusative paradigm… deictics with human reference have separate cases for transitive subject, transitive object, and intransitive subject… whereas nouns show an absolutive–ergative pattern." Thus three
664:
Pronoun and other pronoun-like words are classified as two separate lexical categories. This is for morphosyntactic reasons: pronouns show nominative-accusative case marking, while demonstratives, deictics, and other nominals show absolutive-ergative marking.
1010:
There is a general preference in Yidiny that as many words as possible should have an even number of syllables. It is for this reason that the affixes differ according to the word to which they are added. For example: the past tense affix is
1338:
Dixon, R.M.W. (2000). "A Typology of
Causatives: Form, Syntax, and Meaning". In Dixon, R.M.W. & Aikhenvald, Alexendra Y. Changing Valency: Case Studies in Transitivity. Cambridge University Press. pp.
1221:
174:
5646:
1234:
3410:
1452:
3403:
3396:
1445:
1177:
5318:
1421:
680:. There are many affixes which indicate a number of different grammatical concepts, such as the agent of an action (shown by
1275:
1002:
which translates either to applicative 'go in with' or causative 'put in'), which are disambiguated only through context.
1438:
536:
529:
224:
5470:
5430:
2281:
1035:
in the past tense, thus producing a word that has two syllables. The same principle applies when forming the genitive:
649:
3559:
3517:
2153:
5636:
5298:
3127:
645:
5514:
5358:
4338:
4294:
3620:
3419:
2541:
214:
5423:
5385:
3593:
280:
5509:
5496:
5376:
272:
356:
Yidiny has the typical
Australian vowel system of /a, i, u/. Yidiny also displays contrastive vowel length.
5274:
4746:
4099:
3677:
1658:
677:
543:
188:
5641:
5504:
5410:
5333:
5249:
4968:
4423:
3139:
1853:
1283:
1254:
382:
5475:
5312:
4301:
4245:
3432:
3033:
2832:
2688:
2676:
2491:
2189:
1856:
1825:
1461:
550:
403:
101:
1062:
The preference for an even number of syllables is retained in the affix that shows a relative clause:
5323:
2304:
2132:
1743:
703:
There are also two affixes which lengthen the last vowel of the verbal root to which they are added,
641:
1112:. 'Green (tree) ant'. It was squeezed, and the 'milk' it yielded was then mixed with the ashes of a
5347:
5162:
3979:
3879:
3859:
3819:
3706:
3691:
3569:
3494:
3099:
2061:
1934:
1810:
1648:
1507:
1492:
1202:
1133:
389:
5595:
4955:
4770:
4545:
4158:
3564:
2890:
2862:
2010:
1686:
1643:
1576:
994:
The classes of verbs are not mutually exclusive however, so some words could have both meanings (
462:
455:
3388:
4963:
4932:
4899:
4866:
4594:
4130:
3999:
3683:
3456:
3063:
3053:
2384:
2369:
2323:
2251:
2209:
1078:), giving a word that has four syllables whereas a word that has three or five syllables takes
711:(the capital letter 'V' indicates the lengthened final vowel of the verbal root). For example:
471:
304:
5519:
586:
Dixon (1977) gives the two rhotics as a "trilled apical rhotic" and a "retroflex continuant".
5607:
4074:
4067:
4055:
3910:
3886:
3273:
2966:
2953:
2765:
2582:
2341:
1758:
1638:
1586:
568:
499:
492:
4451:
3161:
1411:
5589:
5464:
5341:
5288:
5132:
5068:
4922:
4917:
4889:
4884:
4876:
4643:
4433:
4024:
3528:
3522:
3294:
3202:
3148:
3002:
2938:
2801:
2650:
2622:
2617:
2432:
2361:
2346:
2276:
2271:
2261:
2256:
2246:
2214:
2127:
2033:
2018:
1967:
1962:
1952:
1779:
1748:
1596:
1591:
1217:
508:
478:
180:
8:
5547:
5306:
5282:
5238:
5167:
5101:
5091:
4907:
4853:
4830:
4716:
4588:
4573:
4551:
4494:
4477:
4188:
4165:
3916:
3830:
3656:
3554:
3477:
3466:
3461:
3423:
3268:
3258:
3248:
3192:
3078:
2943:
2796:
2773:
2750:
2607:
2299:
2201:
2114:
2074:
2041:
1977:
1957:
1868:
1696:
1622:
1502:
1497:
653:
432:
5257:
5115:
5063:
5050:
5013:
4861:
4820:
4799:
4663:
4578:
4446:
4412:
4381:
4370:
4307:
4289:
4261:
4137:
3923:
3846:
3802:
3662:
3649:
3500:
3364:
3336:
3326:
3253:
3166:
2982:
2778:
2719:
2711:
2696:
2673:
2640:
2564:
2554:
2531:
2460:
2455:
2374:
2336:
2266:
2186:
2122:
2099:
2094:
2084:
2051:
2046:
1942:
1886:
1830:
1789:
1717:
1671:
1666:
1601:
1527:
1389:
515:
427:
422:
336:
312:
4121:
3045:
864:
means 'do while coming'. It is for this reason that they cannot be added to the verbs
166:
5439:
5352:
5223:
5203:
5147:
5121:
5109:
5078:
5023:
4940:
4825:
4783:
4649:
4622:
4609:
4529:
4392:
4352:
4321:
4316:
4250:
4240:
3971:
3964:
3958:
3931:
3853:
3795:
3729:
3697:
3669:
3535:
3351:
3318:
3299:
3289:
3238:
3228:
2997:
2885:
2880:
2872:
2829:
2788:
2701:
2645:
2632:
2612:
2592:
2549:
2511:
2488:
2442:
2419:
2399:
2389:
2331:
2230:
2224:
2069:
1924:
1919:
1881:
1805:
1784:
1753:
1691:
1617:
1571:
1512:
1417:
880:
437:
332:
316:
296:
1023:
in the past tense, whereas with a disyllabic root the final vowel is lengthened and
1015:
when the verbal root has three syllables, producing a word that has four syllables:
220:
5417:
5394:
5198:
5036:
5031:
5008:
5000:
4990:
4982:
4912:
4755:
4732:
4678:
4627:
4613:
4556:
4456:
4441:
4375:
4216:
4210:
4201:
4174:
4036:
4012:
3985:
3839:
3760:
3753:
3341:
3304:
3243:
3171:
3156:
3073:
2923:
2918:
2908:
2900:
2857:
2755:
2729:
2597:
2577:
2572:
2526:
2516:
2465:
2450:
2427:
2409:
2089:
2000:
1995:
1909:
1891:
1876:
1820:
1738:
1733:
1712:
1581:
1522:
1517:
560:
328:
5529:
5263:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5086:
4760:
4583:
4524:
4518:
4406:
4400:
4360:
4181:
4151:
4144:
4048:
3992:
3810:
3769:
3717:
3644:
3639:
3626:
3612:
3508:
3471:
3369:
3359:
3331:
3263:
3233:
3223:
3104:
3083:
3068:
3058:
2987:
2933:
2913:
2852:
2806:
2737:
2602:
2587:
2521:
2503:
2404:
2379:
2291:
2238:
2148:
2104:
2079:
2023:
1990:
1901:
1815:
1676:
1553:
1537:
1532:
1474:
442:
340:
93:
193:
5542:
5537:
5152:
4844:
4804:
4711:
4683:
4488:
4482:
4472:
4270:
4255:
4092:
3787:
3599:
3207:
3197:
3187:
3009:
2844:
2158:
1985:
1947:
1774:
1198:
308:
284:
277:
62:
5630:
5584:
5556:
5228:
5058:
4945:
4693:
4688:
3780:
3741:
3632:
2394:
2351:
1914:
1563:
674:
292:
1246:
1132:) or a bagirram tree, and the concoction then drunk to clear headaches. The
5157:
1241:
673:
In common with several other
Australian Aboriginal languages, Yidiny is an
623:
refers to something unsatisfactory but that is impossible to avoid doing),
583:
Yidiny consonants, with no underlyingly voiceless consonants, are posited.
291:. Its traditional language region is within the local government areas of
150:
5579:
1430:
523:
376:
364:
339:, but Bowern (2011) retains Djabugay in its traditional place within the
5601:
486:
397:
369:
288:
66:
52:
5552:
5445:
1238:
1222:
Australian
Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
884:
696:) and the present and future tenses (both represented with the affix
159:
143:
74:
42:
5562:
5481:
1233:
1129:
1119:
232:
206:
Yidiny (green, with arrow) among other Pama–Nyungan languages (tan)
201:
5403:
3418:
449:
228:
70:
1175:
850:{climb up} {} {do while coming} {} PST {} {'came up, climbing'}
300:
1251:
Queensland
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map
4364:
1413:
Searching for
Aboriginal Languages: Memoirs of a Field Worker
779:{climb up} {} {do while going} {} PST {} {went up, climbing}
231:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
5647:
Endangered indigenous
Australian languages in Queensland
1366:
1342:
1220:
Yidiny at the
Australian Indigenous Languages Database,
1294:
1292:
1354:
1153:
1147:
1137:
1123:
1113:
1066:
is used with a verb that has two or four syllables (
603:also functions as the negative interjection 'no'),
1289:
1204:Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development
1005:
1158:because it was different, having a medicinal use.
5628:
1304:
988:{turn around} {} CAUS {} {turn something around}
3404:
1446:
1207:. Cambridge University Press. p. xxxiii.
1280:Anggarrgoon: Australian languages on the web
1276:How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?
27:Yidiɲ, Yidiñ, Jidinj, Jidinʲ, Yidinʸ, Yidiń
3411:
3397:
1460:
1453:
1439:
1094:), giving a word that has four syllables.
200:
2672:
2185:
1329:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 4–5
911:
2828:
2487:
1852:
1176:Australian Bureau of Statistics (2021).
1142:, was used for all species, such as the
659:
3126:
225:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
5629:
3031:
1211:
271:
3392:
3125:
3030:
2827:
2671:
2486:
2184:
1851:
1472:
1434:
1409:
1400:
1388:
1372:
1360:
1348:
1322:
1310:
1298:
1197:
860:means 'do while going' and the affix
1237:This Knowledge article incorporates
631:- 'in turn'. E.g. 'I hit him and he
1473:
13:
1403:Searching for Aboriginal Languages
825:
754:
327:Yidiny forms a separate branch of
14:
5658:
963:
847:magi- + ilda + -nyu = magiildanyu
567:
549:
542:
535:
528:
514:
507:
498:
491:
477:
470:
461:
454:
402:
388:
381:
322:
1232:
5515:South Australian Pidgin English
1382:
1006:Affixes and number of syllables
776:magi- + ili + -nyu = magiilinyu
684:), the ablative case (shown by
331:. It is sometimes grouped with
311:, and the southern part of the
1416:. Cambridge University Press.
1405:. University of Chicago Press.
1332:
1316:
1268:
1226:
1191:
1169:
1086:(three syllables) 'walk up' +
281:Australian Aboriginal language
16:Australian Aboriginal language
1:
5510:Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin
1396:. Cambridge University Press.
1162:
1097:
412:
4885:Malak-Malak (Nguluk Wanggar)
1325:Cited in Bhat, D.N.S. 2004.
1178:"Cultural diversity: Census"
1154:
1148:
1138:
1124:
1114:
985:warrŋgi- + -ŋa = warrŋgi-ŋa-
692:), the past tense (shown by
678:ergative-absolutive language
346:
7:
5505:Port Jackson Pidgin English
4867:Pungu Pungu (Kandjerramalh)
1255:State Library of Queensland
1152:(red ant), but never for a
936:laugh {} APPL {} {laugh at}
10:
5663:
4644:Kungarakany (Koongurrukuñ)
1047:'man's' (four syllables),
668:
642:morphosyntactic alignments
635:hit me', 'He hit me and I
589:
5572:
5528:
5495:
5455:
5393:
5384:
5371:
5332:
5297:
5273:
5248:
5237:
5216:
5176:
5140:
5131:
5100:
5077:
5049:
5022:
4999:
4981:
4954:
4931:
4898:
4875:
4852:
4843:
4813:
4792:
4779:
4769:
4745:
4725:
4705:Eastern (Goulburn Island)
4704:
4671:
4662:
4636:
4608:
4566:
4538:
4511:
4504:
4465:
4432:
4422:
4391:
4351:
4334:
4279:
4233:
4200:
4120:
4113:
4087:
4068:Wilson River (Wangkumara)
4011:
3951:
3944:
3903:
3872:Yimidhirr–Yalanji–Yidinic
3871:
3829:
3716:
3611:
3589:
3582:
3547:
3487:
3449:
3442:
3431:
3350:
3317:
3282:
3216:
3180:
3147:
3138:
3134:
3121:
3092:
3044:
3040:
3026:
2975:
2899:
2871:
2843:
2839:
2823:
2787:
2764:
2728:
2710:
2687:
2683:
2667:
2631:
2563:
2540:
2502:
2498:
2482:
2441:
2418:
2360:
2322:
2290:
2237:
2223:
2200:
2196:
2180:
2141:
2113:
2060:
2032:
2009:
1976:
1933:
1900:
1867:
1863:
1847:
1798:
1767:
1726:
1705:
1657:
1631:
1610:
1562:
1546:
1485:
1481:
1468:
1401:Dixon, R. M. W. (1989) .
401:
351:
269:Aboriginal pronunciation:
211:
199:
187:
173:
157:
141:
136:
115:
90:
80:
58:
48:
38:
31:
26:
21:
4941:Matngele (Werret/Dakayu)
4415:(Kurnindirri, southwest)
1410:Dixon, R. M. W. (2011).
933:maŋga- + -ŋa = maŋga-ŋa-
887:in others. For example:
299:, in such localities as
5637:Agglutinative languages
4784:Gulumoerrgin (Larrakia)
3518:Central New South Wales
1274:Bowern, Claire. 2011. "
1070:(two syllables) 'go' +
315:including Atherton and
5264:Southwestern Tasmanian
5258:Northwestern Tasmanian
4548:(Kunwinjku, Gunwinggu)
4378:(Ganggalida, Nyangga)
2992:old Wangkumara/Garlali
2961:new Wangkumara/Garlali
1462:Pama–Nyungan languages
660:Pronouns and deictics
619:- 'couldn't help it' (
213:This article contains
4862:Batjamalh (Wadjiginy)
4854:Wagaydyic (Anson Bay)
4845:Daly River Sprachbund
4075:Bulloo River (Galali)
3594:Western Torres Strait
3420:Australian Aboriginal
2282:Woiwurrung–Taungurung
1282:, December 23, 2011 (
1146:(black tree ant) and
981:turn something around
650:nominative–accusative
86:52 (2021 census)
5465:Torres Strait Creole
5377:Aboriginal Englishes
5141:Western (Nyulnyulic)
4037:Arabana–Wangkangurru
3509:Anewan (Nganyaywana)
3342:Gangalidda (Yukulta)
883:in some verbs and a
5402:Roper River Kriol (
5353:Southeast Tasmanian
5242:family-level groups
3488:New South Wales P–N
3128:Macro-Pama–Nyungan?
1394:A Grammar of Yidiny
1375:, pp. 298–299.
1351:, pp. 247–251.
843:'came up, climbing'
646:ergative–absolutive
5642:Yidinyic languages
5319:Lhotsky/Blackhouse
5283:Northern Tasmanian
4505:Gunwinyguan proper
4339:Proto-Pama–Nyungan
4202:Ngarna/Warluwarric
3952:Arandic–Thura–Yura
3776:Guwa–Yanda ?
2593:Ngarluma-Kariyarra
1019:'walk up' becomes
313:Atherton Tableland
127:Wanjurr (Wanyurru)
5624:
5623:
5620:
5619:
5491:
5490:
5440:Mornington Island
5416:Kimberley Kriol (
5367:
5366:
5313:Tyerrernotepanner
5212:
5211:
5045:
5044:
4977:
4976:
4839:
4838:
4741:
4740:
4672:Central (Warrkbi)
4658:
4657:
4604:
4603:
4424:Macro-Gunwinyguan
4347:
4346:
4330:
4329:
4295:Kanyara–Mantharta
4109:
4108:
4020:Northern (Palku)
3940:
3939:
3754:Bidyara–Gungabula
3578:
3577:
3386:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3313:
3312:
3181:Mangarrayi-Marran
3140:Macro-Gunwinyguan
3117:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3022:
3021:
3018:
3017:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2542:Kanyara–Mantharta
2478:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2318:
2317:
2176:
2175:
2172:
2171:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1826:Mbariman-Gudhinma
1423:978-1-108-02504-1
1286:February 6, 2012)
1122:tree), or from a
772:went up, climbing
581:
580:
410:
409:
297:Tablelands Region
239:
238:
221:rendering support
217:phonetic symbols.
5654:
5471:Cape York Creole
5429:Westside Kriol (
5395:Australian Kriol
5391:
5390:
5382:
5381:
5246:
5245:
5177:Eastern (Dyukun)
5138:
5137:
4997:
4996:
4850:
4849:
4793:Limilngan–Wulna?
4777:
4776:
4669:
4668:
4509:
4508:
4430:
4429:
4118:
4117:
3949:
3948:
3880:Guugu Yimidihirr
3587:
3586:
3447:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3390:
3389:
3145:
3144:
3136:
3135:
3123:
3122:
3042:
3041:
3028:
3027:
2841:
2840:
2825:
2824:
2685:
2684:
2669:
2668:
2500:
2499:
2484:
2483:
2309:Kuurn Kopan Noot
2305:Dhauwurd Wurrung
2235:
2234:
2198:
2197:
2182:
2181:
2133:Pallanganmiddang
1865:
1864:
1849:
1848:
1744:Aghu Tharrnggala
1483:
1482:
1470:
1469:
1455:
1448:
1441:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1406:
1397:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1336:
1330:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1287:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1173:
1157:
1151:
1141:
1127:
1117:
998:'go in' becomes
965:
913:
827:
756:
611:- 'done again',
571:
553:
546:
539:
532:
518:
511:
502:
495:
481:
474:
465:
458:
417:
416:
406:
392:
385:
359:
358:
283:, spoken by the
275:
273:[ˈjidiɲ]
270:
204:
183:
169:
153:
146:
96:
19:
18:
5662:
5661:
5657:
5656:
5655:
5653:
5652:
5651:
5627:
5626:
5625:
5616:
5568:
5530:Mixed languages
5524:
5520:Pidgin Ngarluma
5487:
5457:
5451:
5409:Bamyili Kriol (
5375:
5373:
5372:New Indigenous
5363:
5348:Little Swanport
5328:
5315:(North Midland)
5293:
5269:
5266:(Toogee) ?
5241:
5233:
5208:
5172:
5163:Djabirr-Djabirr
5127:
5096:
5073:
5041:
5018:
4995:
4973:
4969:Ngan’gityemerri
4950:
4927:
4894:
4871:
4835:
4809:
4788:
4765:
4737:
4721:
4700:
4654:
4632:
4600:
4597:(Enindhilyagwa)
4562:
4534:
4500:
4461:
4418:
4403:(Garrwa, north)
4387:
4343:
4326:
4275:
4229:
4196:
4105:
4083:
4007:
3936:
3899:
3867:
3825:
3712:
3707:Flinders Island
3678:Southwest Paman
3607:
3574:
3543:
3483:
3435:
3427:
3417:
3387:
3374:
3346:
3309:
3278:
3212:
3176:
3130:
3109:
3088:
3036:
3014:
2971:
2948:Wangka-Yutjurru
2895:
2867:
2835:
2811:
2783:
2760:
2724:
2706:
2679:
2655:
2627:
2559:
2536:
2494:
2470:
2437:
2414:
2356:
2314:
2286:
2252:Dja Dja Wurrung
2233:
2219:
2192:
2168:
2137:
2109:
2056:
2028:
2005:
1972:
1929:
1896:
1859:
1835:
1811:Flinders Island
1794:
1763:
1722:
1701:
1653:
1649:Guugu Yimidhirr
1627:
1606:
1558:
1542:
1508:Arritinngithigh
1493:Adithinngithigh
1477:
1475:Paman languages
1464:
1459:
1424:
1390:Dixon, R. M. W.
1385:
1380:
1379:
1371:
1367:
1359:
1355:
1347:
1343:
1337:
1333:
1321:
1317:
1309:
1305:
1297:
1290:
1273:
1269:
1259:
1257:
1245:
1231:
1227:
1216:
1212:
1199:Dixon, R. M. W.
1196:
1192:
1182:
1180:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1136:used for ants,
1100:
1008:
992:
983:
975:
967:
957:
949:
940:
931:
923:
915:
905:
897:
854:
845:
837:
829:
819:
811:
809:do while coming
803:
795:
787:
783:
774:
766:
758:
748:
740:
732:
724:
716:
671:
662:
644:seem to occur:
592:
415:
354:
349:
341:Paman languages
325:
268:
219:Without proper
207:
179:
165:
149:
142:
111:
97:
94:Language family
92:
83:
82:Native speakers
17:
12:
11:
5:
5660:
5650:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5622:
5621:
5618:
5617:
5615:
5614:
5613:Murdi Language
5611:
5605:
5599:
5593:
5587:
5582:
5576:
5574:
5570:
5569:
5567:
5566:
5560:
5550:
5545:
5543:Gurindji Kriol
5540:
5538:Light Warlpiri
5534:
5532:
5526:
5525:
5523:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5501:
5499:
5493:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5485:
5479:
5476:Lockhart River
5473:
5468:
5461:
5459:
5453:
5452:
5450:
5449:
5443:
5437:
5434:
5431:Victoria River
5427:
5421:
5418:Fitzroy Valley
5414:
5407:
5399:
5397:
5388:
5379:
5374:languages and
5369:
5368:
5365:
5364:
5362:
5361:
5356:
5350:
5345:
5338:
5336:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5310:
5309:(Northeastern)
5303:
5301:
5295:
5294:
5292:
5291:
5286:
5279:
5277:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5267:
5261:
5254:
5252:
5243:
5235:
5234:
5232:
5231:
5226:
5220:
5218:
5214:
5213:
5210:
5209:
5207:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5180:
5178:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5144:
5142:
5135:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5125:
5119:
5113:
5106:
5104:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5094:
5089:
5083:
5081:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5055:
5053:
5047:
5046:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5039:
5034:
5028:
5026:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5016:
5011:
5005:
5003:
4994:
4993:
4987:
4985:
4979:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4971:
4966:
4960:
4958:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4948:
4943:
4937:
4935:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4925:
4923:Marramaninjsji
4920:
4915:
4910:
4904:
4902:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4892:
4887:
4881:
4879:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4869:
4864:
4858:
4856:
4847:
4841:
4840:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4817:
4815:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4807:
4802:
4796:
4794:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4786:
4780:
4774:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4758:
4752:
4750:
4747:Marrku–Wurrugu
4743:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4735:
4729:
4727:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4714:
4708:
4706:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4697:
4696:
4691:
4681:
4675:
4673:
4666:
4660:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4640:
4638:
4637:Other isolates
4634:
4633:
4631:
4630:
4625:
4619:
4617:
4606:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4598:
4592:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4570:
4568:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4554:
4549:
4542:
4540:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4515:
4513:
4506:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4498:
4492:
4486:
4480:
4475:
4469:
4467:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4438:
4436:
4427:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4416:
4410:
4409:(Wanji, south)
4404:
4397:
4395:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4385:
4379:
4373:
4368:
4357:
4355:
4349:
4348:
4345:
4344:
4342:
4341:
4335:
4332:
4331:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4299:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4283:
4281:
4280:South-West P–N
4277:
4276:
4274:
4273:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4258:
4253:
4243:
4237:
4235:
4234:Desert Nyungic
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4226:
4225:
4222:
4214:
4206:
4204:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4178:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4162:
4152:Dhuwal–Dhuwala
4148:
4141:
4134:
4126:
4124:
4115:
4111:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4096:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4079:
4071:
4061:
4060:
4059:
4052:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4017:
4015:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4005:
4004:
4003:
3996:
3989:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3968:
3955:
3953:
3946:
3942:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3929:
3928:
3927:
3920:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3890:
3883:
3875:
3873:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3860:Lower Burdekin
3850:
3843:
3835:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3820:Lower Burdekin
3817:
3816:
3815:
3807:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3784:
3774:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3757:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3722:
3720:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3710:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3692:Southern Paman
3689:
3688:
3687:
3675:
3674:
3673:
3670:Mbarrumbathama
3666:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3647:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3621:Northern Paman
3617:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3600:Kalaw Lagaw Ya
3590:
3584:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3532:
3525:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3505:
3491:
3489:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3453:
3451:
3444:
3437:
3429:
3428:
3416:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3393:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3356:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3323:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3220:
3218:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3153:
3151:
3142:
3132:
3131:
3119:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3100:Lower Burdekin
3096:
3094:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3050:
3048:
3038:
3037:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3006:
3005:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2985:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2905:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2891:Lower Arrernte
2888:
2883:
2877:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2863:Western Desert
2860:
2855:
2849:
2847:
2837:
2836:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2793:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2770:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2743:
2734:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2716:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2693:
2691:
2681:
2680:
2665:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2637:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2569:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2546:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2508:
2506:
2496:
2495:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2447:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2424:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2366:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2328:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2302:
2296:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2243:
2241:
2229:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2212:
2206:
2204:
2194:
2193:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2159:Kalaw Lagaw Ya
2156:
2151:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2119:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2066:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2038:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2015:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1982:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1939:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1906:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1873:
1871:
1861:
1860:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1687:Kuuk Thaayorre
1684:
1683:
1682:
1674:
1669:
1663:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1568:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1489:
1487:
1479:
1478:
1466:
1465:
1458:
1457:
1450:
1443:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1422:
1407:
1398:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1365:
1363:, p. 291.
1353:
1341:
1331:
1315:
1303:
1288:
1267:
1225:
1210:
1190:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1107:
1099:
1096:
1007:
1004:
976:
968:
958:
950:
942:
941:
924:
916:
906:
898:
890:
889:
875:One morpheme,
838:
830:
820:
812:
804:
796:
788:
785:
784:
767:
759:
749:
741:
738:do while going
733:
725:
717:
714:
713:
670:
667:
661:
658:
591:
588:
579:
578:
576:
574:
572:
565:
563:
557:
556:
554:
547:
540:
533:
526:
520:
519:
512:
505:
503:
496:
489:
483:
482:
475:
468:
466:
459:
452:
446:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
414:
411:
408:
407:
400:
394:
393:
386:
379:
373:
372:
367:
362:
353:
350:
348:
345:
324:
323:Classification
321:
309:Mulgrave River
287:of north-east
285:Yidinji people
276:) is a nearly
244:(also spelled
237:
236:
223:, you may see
209:
208:
205:
197:
196:
191:
185:
184:
177:
171:
170:
163:
155:
154:
147:
139:
138:
137:Language codes
134:
133:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
117:
113:
112:
110:
109:
100:
98:
91:
88:
87:
84:
81:
78:
77:
60:
56:
55:
50:
46:
45:
40:
39:Native to
36:
35:
33:
29:
28:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5659:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5634:
5632:
5612:
5609:
5606:
5603:
5600:
5597:
5594:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5585:Nunga English
5583:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5575:
5571:
5564:
5561:
5558:
5557:Tennant Creek
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5535:
5533:
5531:
5527:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5498:
5494:
5483:
5480:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5460:
5456:Northeastern
5454:
5447:
5444:
5441:
5438:
5435:
5432:
5428:
5425:
5422:
5419:
5415:
5412:
5408:
5405:
5401:
5400:
5398:
5396:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5370:
5360:
5357:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:(Paredarerme)
5343:
5340:
5339:
5337:
5335:
5331:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5314:
5311:
5308:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5300:
5296:
5290:
5287:
5284:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5276:
5272:
5265:
5262:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5247:
5244:
5240:
5236:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5221:
5219:
5215:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5181:
5179:
5175:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5143:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5130:
5123:
5120:
5117:
5114:
5111:
5108:
5107:
5105:
5103:
5099:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5080:
5076:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5052:
5048:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5029:
5027:
5025:
5021:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5006:
5004:
5002:
4998:
4992:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4984:
4980:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4964:Murrinh-patha
4962:
4961:
4959:
4957:
4956:Southern Daly
4953:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4934:
4930:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4901:
4897:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4878:
4877:Northern Daly
4874:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4842:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4812:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4791:
4785:
4782:
4781:
4778:
4775:
4772:
4771:Darwin Region
4768:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4744:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4724:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4703:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4686:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4661:
4651:
4648:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4635:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4611:
4607:
4596:
4593:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4547:
4546:Bininj Kunwok
4544:
4543:
4541:
4537:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4520:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4510:
4507:
4503:
4496:
4493:
4490:
4487:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4464:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4431:
4428:
4425:
4421:
4414:
4411:
4408:
4405:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4390:
4383:
4380:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4366:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4354:
4350:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4333:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4310:
4309:
4305:
4304:
4303:
4300:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4278:
4272:
4269:
4264:
4263:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4203:
4199:
4191:
4190:
4186:
4185:
4184:
4183:
4179:
4177:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4167:
4163:
4161:
4160:
4159:Djambarrpuyŋu
4156:
4155:
4154:
4153:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4140:
4139:
4135:
4133:
4132:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4116:
4112:
4102:
4101:
4097:
4095:
4094:
4090:
4089:
4086:
4077:
4076:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4058:
4057:
4053:
4051:
4050:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4039:
4038:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4026:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4014:
4010:
4002:
4001:
4000:Adnyamathanha
3997:
3995:
3994:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3983:
3982:
3981:
3978:
3974:
3973:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3962:
3961:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3950:
3947:
3943:
3933:
3930:
3926:
3925:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3832:
3828:
3821:
3818:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3762:
3761:Margany–Gunya
3758:
3756:
3755:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3743:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3732:
3731:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3699:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3690:
3686:
3685:
3684:Kuuk Thayorre
3681:
3680:
3679:
3676:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3659:
3658:
3655:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3641:
3638:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3581:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3565:Gumbaynggiric
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3519:
3516:
3511:
3510:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3450:Victorian P–N
3448:
3445:
3441:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3425:
3421:
3414:
3409:
3407:
3402:
3400:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3215:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3124:
3120:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3029:
3025:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2968:
2965:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2826:
2822:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2485:
2481:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2370:Adnyamathanha
2368:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2210:Yabula-Yabula
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2011:Gumbaynggiric
2008:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1958:Gureng Gureng
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1644:Gugu Yalandyi
1642:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1456:
1451:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1425:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1374:
1369:
1362:
1357:
1350:
1345:
1335:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1312:
1307:
1301:, p. 32.
1300:
1295:
1293:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1240:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1194:
1179:
1172:
1168:
1156:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1031:'go' becomes
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1003:
1001:
997:
991:
989:
986:
982:
979:
974:
971:
966:
961:
956:
953:
948:
945:
939:
937:
934:
930:
927:
922:
919:
914:
909:
904:
901:
896:
893:
888:
886:
882:
878:
873:
871:
867:
863:
859:
853:
851:
848:
844:
841:
836:
833:
828:
823:
818:
815:
810:
807:
802:
799:
794:
791:
782:
780:
777:
773:
770:
765:
762:
757:
752:
747:
744:
739:
736:
731:
728:
723:
720:
712:
710:
706:
701:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
676:
675:agglutinative
666:
657:
655:
651:
647:
643:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
587:
584:
577:
575:
573:
570:
566:
564:
562:
559:
558:
555:
552:
548:
545:
541:
538:
534:
531:
527:
525:
522:
521:
517:
513:
510:
506:
504:
501:
497:
494:
490:
488:
485:
484:
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476:
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469:
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451:
448:
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405:
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387:
384:
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371:
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363:
361:
360:
357:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
293:Cairns Region
290:
286:
282:
279:
274:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
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210:
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108:
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103:
99:
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89:
85:
79:
76:
72:
68:
64:
61:
57:
54:
51:
47:
44:
41:
37:
34:
32:Pronunciation
30:
25:
20:
5436:Barkly Kriol
5359:Bruny Island
5299:Northeastern
5285:(Tommeginne)
5069:Gajirrawoong
4933:Eastern Daly
4900:Western Daly
4595:Anindilyakwa
4306:
4302:Kartu–Nhanda
4260:
4246:Ngumpin–Yapa
4209:
4187:
4180:
4173:
4164:
4157:
4150:
4143:
4136:
4129:
4098:
4091:
4073:
4066:
4056:Yandruwandha
4054:
4047:
4035:
4023:
3998:
3991:
3984:
3970:
3963:
3922:
3915:
3893:
3892:
3887:Kuku Yalanji
3885:
3878:
3852:
3845:
3838:
3809:
3801:
3786:
3779:
3768:
3759:
3752:
3740:
3728:
3705:
3696:
3682:
3668:
3661:
3650:Umbindhamuic
3640:Middle Paman
3625:
3598:
3560:Bandjalangic
3534:
3527:
3507:
3499:
3476:
3457:Lower Murray
3443:Southeastern
3433:Pama–Nyungan
3274:Anindilyakwa
3034:Pama–Nyungan
2988:Bulloo River
2967:Yandruwandha
2954:Wilson River
2833:Pama–Nyungan
2745:Yindjilandji
2689:Ngumpin–Yapa
2677:Pama–Nyungan
2618:Yindjibarndi
2583:Martuthunira
2492:Pama–Nyungan
2324:Lower Murray
2190:Pama–Nyungan
2163:
1857:Pama–Nyungan
1639:Barrow Point
1412:
1402:
1393:
1383:Bibliography
1368:
1356:
1344:
1334:
1326:
1323:Dixon (1977)
1318:
1306:
1279:
1270:
1258:. Retrieved
1250:
1228:
1213:
1203:
1193:
1181:. Retrieved
1171:
1143:
1109:
1103:
1092:majindanyuun
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1009:
999:
995:
993:
990:
987:
984:
980:
977:
972:
969:
962:
959:
954:
951:
946:
943:
938:
935:
932:
928:
925:
920:
917:
910:
907:
902:
899:
894:
891:
876:
874:
869:
865:
861:
857:
855:
852:
849:
846:
842:
839:
834:
831:
824:
821:
816:
813:
808:
805:
800:
797:
792:
789:
781:
778:
775:
771:
768:
763:
760:
753:
750:
745:
742:
737:
734:
729:
726:
721:
718:
708:
704:
702:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
672:
663:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
593:
585:
582:
355:
329:Pama–Nyungan
326:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
240:
212:
158:
106:
102:Pama–Nyungan
5580:Neo-Nyungar
5553:Wumpurrarni
5548:Modern Tiwi
5467:(Yumplatok)
5289:Port Sorell
5260:(Peerapper)
4918:Marrithiyel
4913:Merranunggu
4908:Marri Ngarr
4684:Garig–Ilgar
4363:(register:
4189:Ganhalpuyŋu
4131:Dhaŋu–Djaŋu
4025:Pitta-Pitta
3911:Kalkatungic
3548:North Coast
3529:Barranbinja
3295:Kungarakany
3217:Gunwinyguan
3203:Warndarrang
3003:Barranbinja
2939:Pitta Pitta
2802:Mayi-Kutuna
2766:Kalkatungic
2651:Nyangumarta
2623:Yinhawangka
2433:Ngadjunmaya
2347:Yitha-Yitha
2277:Wemba Wemba
2262:Madhi-Madhi
2257:Ledji-Ledji
2128:Gunaikurnai
2019:Kumbainggar
1780:Mbara-Yanga
1749:Ikarranggal
1597:Wik-Ngathan
1592:Wik-Mungkan
1577:Kugu-Muminh
1244:text from:
1059:'woman's'.
978:warrŋgi-ŋa-
947:turn around
881:applicative
840:magiildanyu
615:- 'still',
607:- 'don't',
524:Approximant
227:instead of
5631:Categories
5424:Daly River
5355:(Nuenonne)
5342:Oyster Bay
5307:Pyemmairre
5168:Nimanburru
5133:Nyulnyulan
5112:(Northern)
5092:Gooniyandi
4831:Bugurnidja
4814:Umbugarlic
4717:Manangkari
4589:Nunggubuyu
4574:Rembarrnga
4559:(Ngalkbun)
4552:Kunbarlang
4495:Mangarrayi
4478:Warndarang
4434:Maningrida
3980:Thura–Yura
3917:Kalkatungu
3570:Waka–Kabic
3523:Wiradhuric
3495:Yuin–Kuric
3478:Bungandidj
3269:Nunggubuyu
3259:Rembarrnga
3249:Kunbarlang
3193:Mangarrayi
3149:Maningrida
2958:Bundhamara
2944:Wanggamala
2928:Yarluyandi
2797:Mayi-Kulan
2774:Kalkatungu
2751:Warluwarra
2730:Warluwaric
2608:Nyiyaparli
2362:Thura-Yura
2300:Bungandidj
2272:Wathaurong
2154:Bandjalang
2075:Darkinjung
2062:Yuin–Kuric
2042:Gamilaraay
2034:Wiradhuric
1935:Waka–Kabic
1831:Umbindhamu
1697:Yir-Yoront
1681:Ogh-Undjan
1623:Morrobolam
1503:Anguthimri
1498:Andjingith
1373:Dixon 2011
1361:Dixon 2011
1349:Dixon 1989
1311:Dixon 1977
1299:Dixon 1977
1260:30 January
1183:13 October
1163:References
1139:munyimunyi
1134:classifier
1098:Some words
1076:galinyunda
1027:is added:
1021:majindanyu
856:The affix
769:magiilinyu
654:tripartite
413:Consonants
307:, and the
305:Gordonvale
289:Queensland
67:Gungganyji
53:Queensland
5608:Cherbourg
5555:English (
5446:Kowanyama
5239:Tasmanian
5124:(Western)
5118:(Eastern)
5116:Ngarinyin
5102:Worrorran
5064:Miriwoong
5014:Jaminjung
4821:Umbugarla
4800:Limilngan
4610:Yangmanic
4579:Ngalakgan
4452:Ndjébbana
4447:Gurr-goni
4413:Gunindiri
4382:Mingginda
4371:Kayardild
4308:Yinggarda
4262:Warumungu
4166:Gupapuyŋu
4138:Ritharrŋu
4100:Paakantyi
3924:Yalarnnga
3847:Warrgamay
3831:Dyirbalic
3803:Dharumbal
3749:Southern
3725:Northern
3663:Umbuygamu
3657:Lamalamic
3555:Durubalic
3501:Dhanggati
3467:Gippsland
3462:Yotayotic
3436:subgroups
3426:languages
3424:Tasmanian
3365:Gunindiri
3327:Kayardild
3254:Ngalakgan
3239:Kunwinjku
3167:Gurr-goni
3162:Ndjébbana
3079:Ritharrŋu
2983:Baagandji
2779:Yalarnnga
2720:Warumungu
2712:Warumungu
2641:Karajarri
2555:Mantharta
2532:Yinggarda
2461:Natingero
2456:Kalaamaya
2375:Barngarla
2337:Ngayawung
2267:Wadi-Wadi
2231:Kolakngat
2202:Yotayotic
2123:Dhudhuroa
2115:Gippsland
2095:Ngunnawal
2085:Dhanggati
2052:Wiradjuri
2047:Ngiyambaa
1978:Durubalic
1953:Gabi-Gabi
1943:Barunggam
1887:Warrgamay
1869:Dyirbalic
1790:Walangama
1672:Kok Thawa
1667:Koko-Bera
1659:Southwest
1611:Lamalamic
1602:Wik-Ompom
1587:Wik-Me'nh
1547:Northeast
1528:Ndrangith
1284:corrected
1247:"Yidinji"
1239:CC-BY-4.0
926:maŋga-ŋa-
885:causative
599:- 'not' (
433:Retroflex
347:Phonology
160:Glottolog
144:ISO 639-3
75:Madjandji
59:Ethnicity
43:Australia
5563:Alyawarr
5482:Napranum
5275:Northern
5224:Giimbiyu
5217:isolates
5204:Ngumbarl
5148:Nyulnyul
5122:Worrorra
5110:Wunambal
5051:Jarrakan
4890:Tyerraty
4826:Ngurmbur
4726:Southern
4664:Iwaidjan
4650:Gaagudju
4623:Wardaman
4530:Uwinymil
4521:(Djauan)
4384:(Minkin)
4290:Ngayarda
4286:Pilbara
4217:Southern
4063:Eastern
4044:Central
4032:Western
3972:Kaytetye
3965:Arrernte
3854:Nyawaygi
3798: ?
3737:Eastern
3730:Warrongo
3698:Mbabaram
3645:Umpilaic
3583:Northern
3536:Muruwari
3300:Wardaman
3290:Gaagudju
3229:Uwinymil
2998:Muruwari
2886:Kaytetye
2881:Arrernte
2674:Northern
2613:Panyjima
2565:Ngayarta
2512:Badimaya
2400:Ngadjuri
2390:Narungga
2247:Bunurong
2215:Yotayota
2187:Southern
2100:Tharawal
2070:Awabakal
1968:Wuliwuli
1963:Wakawaka
1925:Warrongo
1882:Nyawaygi
1821:Kok Narr
1806:Djabugay
1785:Mbabaram
1768:Southern
1692:Kuuk Yak
1632:Yalanjic
1618:Lamalama
1572:Ayabadhu
1513:Awngthim
1392:(1977).
1327:Pronouns
1242:licensed
1201:(2002).
1155:jilibura
1130:quandong
1120:blue gum
1110:jilibura
1084:majinda-
1045:wagujani
1017:majinda-
1000:bila-ŋa-
944:warrŋgi-
929:laugh at
879:, is an
872:'come'.
868:'go' or
793:climb up
786:(-Vlda-)
722:climb up
428:Alveolar
423:Bilabial
337:Yidinyic
333:Djabugay
233:Help:IPA
167:yidi1250
116:Dialects
5565:English
5497:Pidgins
5458:creoles
5411:Barunga
5404:Ngukurr
5386:Creoles
5334:Eastern
5250:Western
5199:Nyigina
5079:Bunuban
5037:Wambaya
5032:Ngarnka
5024:Ngurlun
5009:Nungali
4991:Jingulu
4773: ?
4756:Wurrugu
4749: ?
4733:Amurdag
4679:Iwaidja
4646: ?
4628:Wagiman
4614:Wagiman
4591:(Wubuy)
4567:Eastern
4557:Dalabon
4539:Central
4512:Western
4497: ?
4491: ?
4485: ?
4457:Nakkara
4442:Burarra
4426: ?
4393:Garrwan
4376:Yukulta
4353:Tangkic
4317:Mirning
4311: ?
4265: ?
4251:Ngumpin
4241:Marrngu
4211:Yanyuwa
4114:Western
4078: ?
3986:Wirangu
3959:Arandic
3945:Central
3862: ?
3840:Dyirbal
3822: ?
3814: ?
3806: ?
3796:Kingkel
3773: ?
3512: ?
3504: ?
3352:Garrwan
3319:Tangkic
3305:Wagiman
3244:Dalabon
3172:Nakkara
3157:Burarra
2924:Ngamini
2919:Mithaka
2909:Arabana
2873:Arandic
2830:Central
2756:Yanyuwa
2742:Bularnu
2702:Ngumbin
2697:Ngarrga
2646:Mangala
2633:Marrngu
2598:Nhuwala
2578:Kurrama
2573:Jurruru
2550:Kanyara
2527:Wajarri
2517:Malgana
2489:Western
2466:Nyungar
2451:Galaagu
2443:Nyungic
2428:Mirning
2420:Mirniny
2410:Wirangu
2342:Yaralde
2332:Keramin
2225:Kulinic
2090:Ngarigo
2001:Turrbal
1996:Nunukul
1920:Kingkel
1910:Bidjara
1892:Wulguru
1877:Dyirbal
1854:Eastern
1775:Agwamin
1759:Thaypan
1754:Takalak
1739:Angkula
1734:Alungul
1727:Thaypan
1718:Kuthant
1713:Kurtjar
1582:Pakanha
1523:Mbiywom
1518:Luthigh
1149:burrbal
1125:murrgan
1064:-nyunda
1057:bunyaan
1037:waguja-
1033:galiiny
715:(-Vli-)
669:Affixes
590:Grammar
450:Plosive
438:Palatal
278:extinct
229:Unicode
175:AIATSIS
124:Gunggay
71:Wanjuru
63:Yidinji
5602:Woorie
5590:Yarrie
5573:Others
5484:Creole
5478:Creole
5448:Creole
5442:Creole
5324:Norman
5194:Warrwa
5189:Dyugun
5184:Yawuru
5087:Bunuba
5001:Yirram
4983:Mirndi
4761:Marrgu
4584:Ngandi
4519:Jawoyn
4466:Marran
4407:Waanyi
4401:Garawa
4361:Lardil
4322:Nyunga
4221:Ngarru
4182:Djinba
4175:Djinaŋ
4049:Diyari
4013:Karnic
3993:Kaurna
3894:Yidiny
3811:Bayali
3770:Bindal
3627:Uradhi
3370:Waanyi
3360:Garrwa
3337:Minkin
3332:Lardil
3264:Ngandi
3224:Jawoyn
3105:Bindal
3074:Djinaŋ
3069:Djinba
3059:Dhuwal
3032:Other
3010:Yardli
2914:Diyari
2901:Karnic
2858:Wanman
2853:Ngardi
2807:Ngawun
2738:Wagaya
2603:Nyamal
2588:Ngarla
2522:Nhanda
2405:Nukunu
2385:Kuyani
2380:Kaurna
2164:Yidiny
2149:Anewan
2080:Dharug
2024:Yaygir
1991:Janday
1948:Dappil
1816:Gugadj
1706:Norman
1677:Kunjen
1554:Umpila
1538:Uradhi
1533:Ngkoth
1420:
1339:31–32.
1115:gawuul
1104:bunggu
1080:-nyuun
1072:nyunda
1049:bunya-
973:
955:
921:
903:
892:maŋga-
862:-Vlda-
835:
817:
801:
764:
746:
730:
652:, and
637:jaybar
633:jaymbi
629:jaybar
625:jaymbi
613:yurrga
561:Rhotic
352:Vowels
301:Cairns
262:Yidinʸ
258:Jidinʲ
254:Jidinj
242:Yidiny
194:Yidiny
130:Madjay
121:Yidinj
107:Yidiny
49:Region
22:Yidiny
5592:Lingo
5426:Kriol
5153:Bardi
4805:Wulna
4712:Maung
4694:Ilgar
4689:Garig
4525:Waray
4489:Alawa
4483:Yugul
4473:Marra
4365:Damin
4224:Thawa
4145:Nhaŋu
4122:Yolŋu
4093:Yarli
3788:Yanda
3718:Maric
3613:Paman
3472:Kulin
3283:Other
3234:Waray
3208:Yugul
3198:Marra
3188:Alawa
3093:Other
3084:Nhaŋu
3064:Djaŋu
3054:Dhaŋu
3046:Yolŋu
2976:Other
2934:Ngura
2504:Kartu
2292:Drual
2239:Kulin
2142:Other
2105:Wormi
1986:Guwar
1902:Maric
1799:Other
1486:North
1144:gajuu
1088:nyuun
1068:gali-
1029:gali-
996:bila-
895:laugh
870:gada-
866:gali-
858:-Vli-
790:magi-
719:magi-
709:-Vlda
705:-Vli-
682:-nggu
601:nguju
597:nguju
487:Nasal
443:Velar
377:Close
365:Front
317:Kairi
266:Yidiń
250:Yidiñ
246:Yidiɲ
5610:Talk
5604:Talk
5598:Talk
5596:Palm
5229:Tiwi
5158:Jawi
5059:Kija
4946:Kamu
4271:Wati
4256:Yapa
3932:Mayi
3904:Gulf
3781:Guwa
3742:Biri
3422:and
2845:Wati
2789:Mayi
2395:Nauo
2352:Yuyu
1915:Biri
1418:ISBN
1262:2020
1218:Y117
1185:2022
1053:-Vn-
1025:-Vny
1013:-nyu
964:CAUS
912:APPL
822:-nyu
806:ilda
751:-nyu
707:and
694:-nyu
621:mugu
617:mugu
609:biri
605:giyi
398:Open
370:Back
295:and
181:Y117
3633:Wik
1564:Wik
1278:",
1041:-ni
960:-ŋa
908:-ŋa
877:-ŋa
826:PST
755:PST
735:ili
700:).
698:-ng
688:or
686:-mu
335:as
215:IPA
189:ELP
151:yii
5633::
1291:^
1253:.
1249:.
1090:=
1074:=
1055:=
1051:+
1043:=
1039:+
690:-m
656:.
648:,
627:/
343:.
319:.
303:,
264:,
260:,
256:,
252:,
248:,
73:,
69:,
65:,
5559:)
5433:)
5420:)
5413:)
5406:)
4616:?
4612:–
4367:)
3412:e
3405:t
3398:v
1454:e
1447:t
1440:v
1426:.
1313:.
1264:.
1187:.
1128:(
1118:(
1082:(
970:=
952:+
918:=
900:+
832:=
814:+
798:+
761:=
743:+
727:+
569:r
551:j
544:ɻ
537:l
530:w
516:ŋ
509:ɲ
500:n
493:m
479:g
472:ɟ
463:d
456:b
404:a
390:u
383:i
235:.
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