20:
356:
because of slow and insufficient ripening of the grapes, due to an unfavorable leaf to fruit ratio. This is a situation that would typically correspond to yields of, say, 200 hl/ha or more, depending on grape variety and many other factors. Beyond that, there are differing schools of thought. One school of thought, generally subscribed to in France, claims that great red wine is impossible to produce at yields exceeding 50 hl/ha. Another school of thought claims that a yield of 100 hl/ha is possible to combine with high quality, provided that careful
348:
144:
1131:
1107:
67:
355:
While yield is generally seen as an important quality factor in wine production, views differ on the relative importance of low yields to other aspects of vineyard management. In general, there is consensus that if vines are cropped with a very high amount of grape clusters, a poor wine will result
97:
procedures for different styles of wine, and different properties of different grape varieties, the amount of wine produced from a unit mass of grapes varies. It is therefore not possible to make an exact conversion between these units. Representative figures for the amount of grapes needed for
155:
Yields vary greatly between countries, regions and individual vineyards, and can be vintage-dependent. Somewhere around 50 hectoliters per hectare, or 3 tons per acre, is a typical representative figure for many countries and regions.
496:
The yield has been calculated using the entire national vineyard area. This leads to an underestimation of the yield from wine-producing vineyards for countries with a significant production of table grapes and
481:
147:
How "hard" a wine is pressed, or if the wine is pressed at all, will impact the finished volume of wine yielded from the grapes. A winemaker can choose to not press their grapes at all, using only the
367:
Many examples exist where a vintage-to-vintage variation of yields is in fact positively related with quality, since the low yields can be due to loss of grapes due to adverse conditions such as
54:
The yield is often seen as a quality factor, with lower yields associated with wines with more concentrated flavours, and the maximum allowed yield is therefore regulated for many wine
478:
23:
The yield of grapes that will be harvested from a vineyard will depend on several factors including vintage conditions, local wine laws and winemaker's preference.
1033:
404:(PLC), which is percentage set for each vintage. In most vintages, the PLC allows a production around 20 per cent above the base yield.
51:. Two different types of yield measures are commonly used, mass of grapes per vineyard surface, or volume of wine per vineyard surface.
971:
400:(AOC). The maximum allowed yield for given AOC in a given vintage is a combination of the base yield of the AOC, as modified by the
396:
90:, yield is measured in tonnes per hectare (or short tons per acre in the USA) – i.e. by mass of grapes produced per unit area.
711:
587:
637:
691:
617:
523:
450:
379:
vintages of the 1980s, it is generally recognized that the most abundant harvests also gave the best vintages.
1064:
696:
360:
is used. In general, white wine is seen as less sensitive to high yields, and some grape varieties, such as
1074:
716:
1121:
843:
511:
1156:
1038:
936:
848:
766:
580:
966:
946:
437:
1048:
901:
642:
622:
1069:
923:
776:
442:
432:
1005:
951:
771:
507:
1151:
1110:
573:
19:
8:
1023:
1000:
981:
834:
731:
277:
961:
519:
446:
357:
347:
992:
941:
891:
1084:
1043:
1028:
819:
809:
485:
428:
309:
293:
143:
986:
878:
804:
672:
245:
148:
87:
151:
liberated during crushing and maceration, reducing the yield volume by 30-40%.
1145:
781:
741:
376:
325:
229:
129:
for mixed wine, 100 hl/ha ≈ 14,000 kg/ha (14 t/ha) = 5.7 tons per acre.
113:
for white wine, 100 hl/ha ≈ 16,000 kg/ha (16 t/ha) = 6.5 tons per acre.
1135:
956:
868:
858:
706:
632:
612:
213:
181:
121:
for red wine, 100 hl/ha ≈ 13,000 kg/ha (13 t/ha) = 5.3 tons per acre.
761:
596:
261:
197:
162:
Yields in selected wine-producing countries in 2007 as national averages
79:
55:
28:
1094:
976:
824:
726:
466:
361:
99:
94:
48:
387:
In both France and Italy, the maximum allowed yields are regulated in
16:
Amount of grapes or wine that is produced per unit surface of vineyard
896:
736:
654:
70:
The size of harvest bins can vary from small trays to half tons bins.
394:
In France, the maximum yields are given in the regulations for each
1079:
853:
701:
659:
647:
388:
372:
103:
44:
911:
906:
863:
814:
721:
83:
75:
66:
565:
829:
665:
627:
36:
441:(Third ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp.
1089:
931:
886:
518:(rev. ed.). London: Mitchell Beazley. pp. 51–52.
368:
40:
479:
German Wine
Institute: German Wine Statistics 2009/2010
106:, and 140 kg for a mixture of red and white wine.
553:
538:
1119:
351:
Free run
Chardonnay juice dripping into the press pan
506:
342:
1143:
472:
427:
86:, i.e., by the volume of wine. In most of the
581:
364:, as particularly sensitive to overcropping.
132:1 ton per acre = 2470 kg/ha ≈ 17.5 hl/ha
1034:Effects of climate change on wine production
124:1 ton per acre = 2470 kg/ha ≈ 19 hl/ha
116:1 ton per acre = 2470 kg/ha ≈ 15 hl/ha
588:
574:
465:These calculations are all based on the
346:
142:
65:
61:
18:
382:
98:100 L of wine are 160 kg for
1144:
569:
423:
421:
419:
417:
43:that is produced per unit surface of
13:
638:International Grape Genome Program
414:
14:
1168:
618:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
391:, and vary between appellations.
343:Yield as an indication of quality
165:
138:
1129:
1106:
1105:
595:
554:Halliday & Johnson (2006).
539:Halliday & Johnson (2006).
397:appellation d'origine contrôlée
547:
532:
500:
490:
459:
35:is a measure of the amount of
1:
1065:Glossary of viticulture terms
697:Diurnal temperature variation
407:
176:Wine production (million hl)
47:, and is therefore a type of
1075:Glossary of winemaking terms
402:plafond limité de classement
7:
556:The Art and Science of Wine
541:The Art and Science of Wine
516:The Art and Science of Wine
10:
1173:
844:Integrated pest management
1103:
1057:
1039:Environmental stewardship
1014:
920:
877:
795:
752:
682:
603:
161:
967:Great French Wine Blight
438:Oxford Companion to Wine
173:Vineyard area (1,000 ha)
1049:Sustainable agriculture
830:Frost damage prevention
712:Regional climate levels
78:, yield is measured in
1070:Glossary of wine terms
484:July 26, 2011, at the
352:
152:
71:
24:
350:
146:
69:
62:Units and conversions
22:
383:Regulation of yields
1024:Adaptive management
469:, 1 ton = 1,000 kg.
942:Botrytis bunch rot
762:Grapevine planting
692:Climate categories
353:
153:
102:, 130 kg for
72:
25:
1117:
1116:
962:Grapevine yellows
358:canopy management
340:
339:
93:Due to differing
1164:
1157:Wine terminology
1134:
1133:
1132:
1125:
1109:
1108:
993:Uncinula necator
982:Pierce's disease
590:
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576:
567:
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1141:
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1128:
1120:
1118:
1113:
1099:
1085:Outline of wine
1053:
1044:Organic farming
1029:Biodynamic wine
1016:
1010:
1001:Red spider mite
922:
916:
873:
835:Green harvest (
820:Erosion control
797:
791:
772:Row orientation
754:
748:
684:
678:
623:Grape varieties
605:
599:
594:
564:
563:
552:
548:
537:
533:
526:
508:Halliday, James
505:
501:
495:
491:
486:Wayback Machine
477:
473:
464:
460:
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429:Jancis Robinson
426:
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64:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1031:
1026:
1020:
1018:
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1011:
1009:
1008:
1003:
998:
997:
996:
987:Powdery mildew
984:
979:
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964:
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949:
944:
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928:
926:
918:
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851:
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841:
837:Vendange verte
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
801:
799:
793:
792:
790:
789:
784:
779:
777:Trellis design
774:
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749:
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739:
734:
724:
719:
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699:
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688:
686:
680:
679:
677:
676:
673:Vitis vinifera
669:
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615:
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593:
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562:
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531:
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489:
471:
458:
451:
431:, ed. (2006).
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149:free-run juice
140:
139:Typical yields
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125:
119:
118:
117:
63:
60:
15:
9:
6:
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3:
2:
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811:
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794:
788:
785:
783:
782:Vine training
780:
778:
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690:
689:
687:
683:Environmental
681:
675:
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668:
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641:
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631:
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598:
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586:
584:
579:
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558:. p. 50.
557:
550:
543:. p. 53.
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525:1-84533-236-9
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452:0-19-860990-6
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230:United States
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207:
204:
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170:Yield (hl/ha)
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81:
77:
68:
59:
57:
52:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
21:
991:
957:Downy mildew
869:Weed control
859:Millerandage
836:
786:
707:Microclimate
671:
664:
646:
633:Hybrid grape
613:Ampelography
606:horticulture
555:
549:
540:
534:
515:
512:Hugh Johnson
502:
492:
474:
461:
436:
401:
395:
393:
386:
366:
354:
278:South Africa
154:
108:
92:
73:
56:appellations
53:
32:
26:
1152:Viticulture
767:Propagation
604:Biology and
597:Viticulture
80:hectoliters
74:In most of
29:viticulture
1146:Categories
1095:Winemaking
1017:and issues
1015:Approaches
977:Phylloxera
947:Bot canker
849:Irrigation
825:Fertilizer
798:management
727:Topography
717:Soil types
467:metric ton
408:References
375:. For the
362:Pinot noir
100:white wine
95:winemaking
49:crop yield
1006:Vine moth
972:Nematodes
937:Black rot
921:Pests and
897:Noble rot
892:Festivals
737:elevation
685:variation
655:Rootstock
389:wine laws
294:Australia
246:Argentina
88:New World
1111:Category
1080:Oenology
1058:See also
952:Dead arm
924:diseases
902:Ripeness
854:Klopotec
796:Vineyard
755:planting
753:Vineyard
702:Drainage
660:Vineyard
648:Veraison
643:Ripening
514:(2006).
497:raisins.
482:Archived
377:Bordeaux
373:grey rot
310:Portugal
104:red wine
45:vineyard
912:Weather
907:Vintage
879:Harvest
864:Pruning
815:Coulure
722:Terroir
443:780–781
433:"Yield"
326:Austria
262:Germany
167:Country
84:hectare
1122:Portal
805:Canopy
732:aspect
628:Grapes
522:
449:
198:France
109:Thus:
76:Europe
37:grapes
31:, the
1136:Drink
932:Birds
787:Yield
742:slope
666:Vitis
272:10.5
224:34.7
214:Spain
208:45.4
192:45.9
182:Italy
33:yield
1090:Wine
887:Brix
810:Clos
520:ISBN
447:ISBN
369:hail
336:2.6
320:5.8
304:9.6
288:9.8
221:1169
82:per
41:wine
371:or
317:248
301:174
285:135
269:102
266:103
256:15
253:230
240:20
237:409
205:867
189:840
39:or
27:In
1148::
510:;
445:.
435:.
416:^
333:50
330:52
314:23
298:55
282:73
250:65
234:49
218:30
202:52
186:55
58:.
1124::
839:)
651:)
645:(
589:e
582:t
575:v
528:.
455:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
