2731:
environment enabled the revival of Zaza literature in Europe. One of the works in the Zaza language written in post-Republican Turkey are two verse works written in the field of belief and fiqh in the 1940s. Following this work, another Mevlit containing religious subjects and stories was written by
Mehamed Eli Hun in 1971. Zaza Divan, a 300-page manuscript consisting of Zazaki poems and odes, started to be written by Mehmet Demirbaş in 1975 and completed in 2005, is another literary work in the divan genre written in this period. Mevlids and sirahs of Abdulkadir Arslan (1992-1995), Kamil Pueği (1999), Muhammed Muradan (1999-2000) and Cuma Özusan (2009) are other literary works with religious content. Written Zaza literature is rich in mawlid and religious works, and the first written works of the language are given in these genres. The development of Zaza literature through magazine publishing took place through magazines published by Zazas who immigrated to Europe after 1980 and published exclusively in the Zaza language, magazines that were predominantly in the Zaza language but published multilingually, and magazines that were not in the Zaza language but included works in the Zaza language. Kormışkan, Tija Sodıri, Vate are magazines published entirely in Zaza language. Apart from these, Ayre (1985-1987), Piya (1988-1992) and Raa Zazaistani (1991), which were published as language, culture, literature and history magazines by Ebubekir Pamukçu, the leading name of Zaza nationalism, are important magazines in this period that were predominantly Zaza and published multilingually. Ware, ZazaPress, Pir, Raştiye, Vengê Zazaistani, Zazaki, Zerq, Desmala Sure, Waxt, Çıme are other magazines that are Zazaki-based and multilingual. In addition to these magazines published in European countries, Vatı (1997-1998), which is the first magazine published entirely in Zaza language and published in Turkey, and Miraz (2006) and Veng u Vaj (2008) are other important magazines published in Zaza language in Turkey. Magazines that are mainly published in other languages but also include works in Zaza language are magazines published in Kurdish and Turkish languages. Roja Newé (1963), Riya Azadi (1976), Tirêj (1979) and War (1997) are in the Kurdish language; Ermin (1991), Ateş Hırsızı (1992), Ütopya, Işkın, Munzur (2000), Bezuvar (2009) are magazines in Turkish language that include texts in Zaza language. Today, works in different literary genres such as poetry, stories and novels in Zaza language are published by different publishing houses in Turkey and European countries.
2722:(1852-1929). The work called Biyişa Pexemberi (Birth of the Prophet) consists of chapters on the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the Islamic religion and was written in Zaza language in Arabic letters in 1901 (1903 according to some sources). The work was published in 1933, after the author's death. Apart from Zaza writers, non-Zaza/Ottoman writers/researchers such as Peter Ivanovich Lerch (1827-1884), Robert Gordon Latham (1812-1888) Dr. Humphry Sandwith (1822-1881), Wilhelm Strecker (1830-1890), Otto Blau (1828-1879), Friedrich Müller (1864) and Oskar Mann (1867-1917) included Zaza content (story, fairy tales dictionary) in their works in the pre-Republican period.
2851:
2833:
2815:
2767:
2755:
2743:
5727:
5755:
352:
5767:
377:
842:
5532:
5779:
5715:
2679:
kilam (song), dêse (hymn), şanıke (fable), hêkati (story), qesê werênan (proverbs and idioms). Written works began to appear during the
Ottoman Empire, and the early works had a religious/doctrinal nature. After the Republic, long-term language and cultural bans caused the revival of Zaza literature, which developed in two centers, Turkey and Europe, mainly in Europe. After the loosened bans, Zaza literature developed in Turkey.
1851:. Following this work, the first Zaza language Mawlid, written by the Ottoman-Zaza cleric, writer and poet Ahmed el-Hassi in 1891-1892, was also written in Arabic letters and published in 1899. Another Mawlid in Zaza language, written by another Ottoman-Zaza cleric Osman Esad Efendi between 1903-1906, was also written in Arabic letters. After the Republic, Zazaki works began to be written in Latin letters, abandoning the
1832:
1855:. However, today Zazaki does not have a common alphabet used by all Zazas. An alphabet called the Jacabson alphabet was developed with the contributions of the American linguist C. M Jacobson and is used by the Zaza Language Institute in Frankfurt, which works on the standardization of Zaza language. Another alphabet used for the language is the
2678:
Zaza literature consists of oral and written texts produced in the Zaza language. Before it began to be written, it was passed on through oral literature types. In this respect, Zaza literature is very rich in terms of oral works. The language has many oral literary products such as deyr (folk song),
2687:
The first known written works of Zaza literature were written during the
Ottoman period. Written works in the Zaza language produced during the Ottoman period were written in Arabic letters and had a religious nature. The first written work in Zazaki during this period was written in the late 1700s.
2717:
and the introduction includes the life of the
Islamic prophet Muhammad and the details of Allah, tawhid, munacaat, ascension, birth, birth and creation, etc. It includes religious topics and consists of 14 chapters and 366 couplets. Another written work written during this period is another Mevlit
791:
in 1903) was in 1977, and two more books were published in 1981 and 1986. From 1987 to 1990, five books were published in Zaza. The publication of books in Zaza increased after the ban on the
Kurdish language was lifted and a total of 43 books were published from 1991 to 2000. As of 2018, at least
4335:
Lerch, Peter, Forschungen über die Kurden und die
Iranischen Nordchaldaer - Band I, St. Petersburg (Петр Лерх, Изслѣдованія об иранских курдах и их предках, сѣверных халдеях: Введеніе и подробное исчисленіе курдских племен) I-II-III, продаеця у Коммисіонеров Императорской академіи наук : И.
2730:
Post-Republican Zaza literature developed through two branches, Turkey-centered and Europe-centered. During this period, the development of Zaza literature stagnated in Turkey due to long-term language and cultural bans. Zaza migration to
European countries in the 1980s and the relatively free
3941:
H. Rezai
Baghbidi (ed.), Exploring grammatical gender in New Iranian languages and dialects, proceedings of the First Seminar of Iranian Dialectology, 29 April-1 May 2001, Tehran, Department of Dialectology, Academy of Persian Language and Literature,
1859:. The Zaza alphabet, prepared by Zülfü Selcan and started to be used at Munzur University as of 2012, is another writing system developed for Zazaki, consisting of 32 letters, 8 of which are vowels and 24 of which are consonants. The
4261:
795:
Due to the above-mentioned obstacles, the standardization of Zaza could not have taken place and authors chose to write in their local or regional Zaza variety. In 1996, however, a group of Zaza-speaking authors gathered in
479:, including Zazaki, from being spoken in public, written down, or published. The Turkish state’s efforts to enforce the use of Turkish have led many Zaza speakers to leave Turkey and migrate to other countries, primarily
758:
in 1903. As the
Kurdish language was banned in Turkey during a large part of the Republican period, no text was published in Zaza until 1963. That year saw the publication of two short texts by the Kurdish newspaper
470:
and have been significantly impacted by both the current and historical political situations. Only a few elderly monolingual Zaza speakers remain, while the younger generation predominantly speaks other languages.
2704:
into Zaza language, apocalyptic subjects and poetic texts. About a hundred years after this work, another work in the Zaza language, Mevlit (Mewlid-i Nebi), was written by the
Ottoman-Zaza cleric, writer and poet
2688:
This first written text of the Zaza language was written by İsa Beg bin Ali, nicknamed Sultan Efendi, an Islamic history writer, in 1212 Hijri (1798). The work was written in Arabic letters and in the
3377:
Elfenbein, J. (2000). Zazaki: Grammatik und Versuch einer Dialektologie. By Ludwig Paul. pp. xxi, 366. Wiesbaden, Reichert Verlag, 1999. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 10(2), 255-257. p. 255
4192:
Pierre Lecoq. 1989. "Les dialectes caspiens et les dialectes du nord-ouest de l'Iran," Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum. Ed. Rüdiger Schmitt. Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag. Pages 296–314.
1867:
used for writing the Zaza language, consisting of 32 letters, six of which (ç, ğ, î, û, ş, and ê) have been modified from their Latin originals for the phonetic requirements of the language.
4518:
726:
in terms of phonetics, morphology, syntax and lexicon and that it has many words in common with the Parthian language. According to him, the Zaza language may be a residual dialect of the
4371:
Blau, Otto (1862),"Nachrichten über kurdische Stämme-III, Mittheilungen über die Dusik-Kurden", Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, Steiner in Komm, 1862, s.621-627
787:
until the ban on the Kurdish language was lifted in Turkey in 1991. This meant that newspapers and journals began publishing in Zaza again. The next book to be published in Zaza (after
3887:
Mohammad- Ebrahimi, Z. et. al. (2010). "The study of grammatical gender in Semnani dialect". Papers of the First International Conference on Iran’s Desert Area Dialects. Pp. 1849-1876.
1066:
Ludwig Paul divides Zaza into three main dialects. In addition, there are transitions and edge accents that have a special position and cannot be fully included in any dialect group.
526:
3896:
Seraj, F. (2008). The Study of Gender, its Representation & Nominative and accusative cases in Semnani Dialect. M. A. thesis in Linguistics, Tehran: Payame- Noor University.
3423:
1847:. The works of this era had religious content. The first Zaza text, written by Sultan Efendi, in 1798, was written in Arabic letters in the Nesih font, which was also used in
3439:
695:
would be very difficult. Therefore, some scholars suggest that ‘Kurdish’ is an umbrella term referring to a bundle of closely related Northwestern Iranian varieties such as
3744:
675:
Despite these differences, both Kurdish and Zazaki are classified as Northwestern Iranian languages. However, some scholars classify Kurdish as intermediate between
4698:
Malmîsanij, Mehemed (2021). "The Kirmanjki (Zazaki) Dialect of Kurdish Language and the Issues it Faces". In Bozarslan, Hamit; Gunes, Cengiz; Yadirgi, Veli (eds.).
652:, Some scholars continue to regard it as such. However, linguistically, Zazaki and Gorani differ from other Kurdish dialects as they have not undergone many of the
3186:
633:, which are spoken around the Caspian Sea and in central and western Iran. Zazaki also shares similarities with extinct Northwestern Iranian languages such as
4009:
5262:
3843:
Agnes Korn. The Ergative System in Balochi from a Typological Perspective. Iranian Journal of Applied Language Studies, 2009, 1, pp.43-79. ffhal-01340943
3353:
Sheyholislami, Jaffer (2017). "Language status and party politics in Kurdistan-Iraq: The case of Badini and Hawrami varieties". In Arslan, Zeynep (ed.).
2709:(1867-1951) in 1891-1892. The first Mevlit work in the Zaza language was written in Arabic letters and published in 1899. The mawlid, written using the
4609:
3555:
Windfuhr, Gernot (1975), "Isoglosses: A Sketch on Persians and Parthians, Kurds and Medes", Monumentum H.S. Nyberg II (Acta Iranica-5), Leiden: 457–471
1158:
or other type of word affecting that noun, one must identify whether the noun is feminine or masculine. Most nouns have inherent gender. However, some
4326:
Arslanoğulları, M. (2014). Lerch’in zazaki derlemelerinin çevrimyazımı ve türlerine göre sözcüklerin tahlili (Master's thesis, Bingöl Üniversitesi).
4532:
4750:
3923:
Vardanian, A. (2016). Grammatical gender in New Azari dialects of Šāhrūd. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 79(3), 503 511.
3488:
Eppler, Eva; Benedikt, Josepf (2017). "A perceptual dialectological approach to linguistic variation and spatial analysis of Kurdish varieties".
4791:
2963:
3854:
804:
rules which they published. Some authors nonetheless do not abide by these rules as they do not apply the orthographic rules in their oeuvres.
5520:
2754:
1053:
Both languages have forgotten possessive enclitics, while it exists in such other languages as Persian, Sorani, Gorani, Hewrami or Shabaki
448:, Zaza is spoken by around three to four million people. Nevins, however, puts the number of Zaza speakers between two and three million.
4891:
3111:
388:
5498:
3953:
687:” is still not clearly defined, the dialectal differences among Kurds are so strong that communication between monolingual speakers of
2317:
1673:
3166:
3436:
2766:
5809:
4380:
O. Mann, Nachlaß in der Staatsbibliothek Berlin (W), Briefe; vgl. auch ebenda, Vortrag vom 4. Juli 1909 und 20. Jan. 1909, p. 11.
4647:
1766:
3932:
A Morpho-phonological Analysis of Vowel Changes in Takestani-Tati Verb Conjugations: Assimilation, Deletion, and Vowel Harmony
3106:
830:
4799:
4715:
4141:
4084:
3727:
3633:
4235:
814:
3751:
4586:
3668:
2367:
2268:
1792:
1736:
4594:(Speech). Mannheim Zaza Book Festival (in Turkish). Translated by Dursun, Hasan. University of Frankfurt. Archived from
454:
also states that Zaza is threatened as the language is decreasing due to losing speakers, and that many are shifting to
2346:
1226:
3603:"Bingöl ve Munzur Üniversitesinde Açılan Zaza Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümleri ve Bu Bölümlerin Üniversitelerine Katkıları"
3297:
5513:
4673:
4552:
3834:
Koohkan, Sepideh. The typology of modality in modern West Iranian languages. 2019. PhD Thesis. University of Antwerp.
3702:
3362:
3328:
3266:
3030:
2742:
3527:
3083:
Proceedings of the 14th Semantics and Linguistic Theory Conference held May 14–16, 2004, at Northwestern University
2332:
2184:
1575:
1470:
5799:
4884:
2212:
2205:
2154:
1554:
1240:
17:
4047:, vol. 1, II. Uluslararası Zaza Tarihi ve Kültürü Sempozyumu/Bingöl Üniversitesi Yayınları, pp. 93–114
4016:
3914:
Borjian, H. (2021). Essays on Three Iranian Language Groups: Taleqani, Biabanaki, Komisenian (Vol. 99). ISD LLC.
4201:
Oranskij, Iosif Mikhailovich. "Zabānhā ye irani ". Translated by Ali Ashraf Sadeghi. Sokhan publication (2007).
2198:
1593:
1119:
665:
602:
431:
159:
33:
4924:
4742:
Proceedings of the Third European Conference of Iranian Studies held in Cambridge, 11th to 15th September 1995
4445:
4405:"Molla Abdulkadir Muşeki'nin Mewlidê Nebi Adlı Eserinin Şekil, İçerik ve Edebi Sanatlar Açısından İncelenmesi"
3343:
Paul, L. (1998). The position of Zazaki among West Iranian languages. Old and Middle Iranian Studies, 163-176.
772:
342:
5814:
2254:
2240:
2177:
1630:
1520:
1210:
4624:
4183:احمدی پناهی سمنانی، محمد (۱۳۷۴). آداب رسوم مردم سمنانی. نشر پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی. ص. ۴۰–۴۴.
258:
5804:
5682:
5506:
4929:
3905:
Rezapour, Ebrahim (2015). "Word order in Semnani language based on language typology". IQBQ. 6 (5): 169-190
3131:
2360:
2325:
2289:
1616:
1561:
1254:
324:
3081:
Anand, Pranav; Nevins, Andrew (2004). "Shifty Operators in Changing Contexts". In Young, Robert B. (ed.).
1820:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
5528:
2714:
2247:
2233:
1648:
1600:
1203:
4636:
3790:
Mirdehghan, M., & Nourian, G. Ergative Case Marking and Agreement in the Central Dialect of Talishi.
5745:
4877:
4828:
4757:
2381:
2339:
2296:
2163:
1803:
1456:
1449:
4470:
4393:, II. Uluslararası Zaza Tarihi ve Kültürü Sempozyumu, Bingöl Üniversitesi Yayınları, 04-06 Mayıs 2012.
2914:
5339:
5164:
4939:
2955:
2388:
2374:
1623:
1584:
1345:
1270:
427:
411:
164:
154:
4734:
3863:
2850:
2832:
2814:
1856:
4667:
2353:
2303:
1486:
1217:
1103:
336:
2696:. The work consists of two parts III. It includes the Eastern Anatolia region during the reign of
5404:
4919:
2986:
2261:
2191:
2170:
1513:
1506:
1479:
139:
4794:. Gesammelt und verfasst von Suphi Aydin. Hamburg: Landeszentrale für politische Bildung, 2022.
4174:
Sabzalipour, J., & Vaezi, H. (2018). The study of clitics in Tati Language (Deravi variety).
3473:
3418:
2719:
755:
5819:
4914:
4272:
4042:
2226:
1639:
829:
also broadcast in the language. Some TV channels which broadcast in Zaza were closed after the
731:
144:
32:"Dimili" redirects here. For the village in Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh, India, see
767:
published a few Zaza texts. Modern Zaza literature appeared for the first time in the journal
734:, a professor of Iranian Studies, identifies the Kurdish languages as deriving from Parthian.
102:
5698:
5672:
5485:
4571:
3355:
Zazaki – Yesterday, today and tomorrow: Survival and standardization of a threatened language
3046:
Arakelova, Victoria (1999). "The Zaza People as a New Ethno-Political Factor in the Region".
2311:
2282:
2275:
1703:
1406:
1399:
1159:
1050:
Both languages have nominative and oblique cases that differs by masculine -î and feminine -ê
764:
672:
notes that while Kurdish has a strong South-Western Iranian element, Zaza and Gorani do not.
669:
566:
4744:. Vol. I: Old and Middle Iranian Studies. Wiesbaden: Ludwig Reichert. pp. 163–177.
4404:
4212:
3962:
3409:
3187:"Younger Zazas in Dersim reluctant to learn Zaza language, increasingly identify as 'Turks'"
763:
but the newspaper was banned and no further publication in Zaza took place until 1976, when
648:, which is spoken in certain regions of Iran and Iraq, Zazaki was historically considered a
5677:
5322:
5257:
5044:
4292:
4116:
4059:
3288:
3146:
2219:
1529:
1367:
1155:
1139:
1083:
680:
676:
661:
626:
614:
86:
1162:
roots have variable gender, i.e. they may function as either masculine or feminine nouns.
822:
98:
8:
5536:
5478:
5008:
4961:
3151:
2700:, the life of Ali (caliph), Alevi doctrine and history, the translation of some parts of
585:, also classify the Zaza language as a macrolanguage composed of two distinct languages:
3626:
The Kosovar Turks and Post-Kemalist Turkey: Foreign Policy, Socialisation and Resistance
3468:
821:
in 2011 and began accepting students in 2012 for the department. In the following year,
5580:
5393:
5370:
5360:
5095:
4981:
4721:
3063:
1831:
1418:
1340:
1147:
503:
472:
3232:
2889:
894:
316:
74:
5616:
5606:
5566:
5385:
5365:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5284:
5179:
5148:
5106:
5037:
4986:
4956:
4900:
4795:
4725:
4711:
4656:
4548:
4137:
4080:
3723:
3698:
3629:
3358:
3324:
3262:
3026:
1723:
1609:
1568:
1499:
1463:
1384:
1372:
1352:
1247:
1135:
1115:
1075:
1024:
1016:
934:
818:
727:
723:
638:
618:
601:
In terms of grammar, linguistics, and vocabulary, Zazaki is closely related to other
562:
530:
435:
149:
82:
4064:, vol. 1, Bingöl Üniversitesi Yaşayan Diller Enstitüsü Dergisi, pp. 93–114
5771:
5759:
5641:
5621:
5574:
5570:
5550:
5414:
5399:
5375:
5310:
5305:
5245:
5240:
5225:
5219:
5203:
5197:
5184:
5142:
5050:
4991:
4976:
4779:
4703:
4686:
4500:
3086:
3055:
2706:
1658:
1362:
1335:
1330:
1131:
1099:
1091:
1087:
984:
704:
692:
684:
653:
649:
622:
546:
538:
476:
455:
94:
78:
70:
1142:, central Iranian dialects like Cālī, Fārzāndī, Delījanī, Jowšaqanī, Abyāne'i and
541:, were interviewed. Respondents younger than 18 mostly stated their ethnicity as ‘
5731:
5651:
5611:
5590:
5355:
5327:
5317:
5270:
5213:
5208:
5189:
5070:
5065:
5013:
4948:
4832:
3413:
3007:
2701:
2693:
1852:
1848:
1694:
1393:
1357:
1079:
930:
817:
of Turkey approved the opening of the Zaza Language and Literature Department in
712:
645:
630:
610:
606:
131:
898:
668:, like Persian, apparently due to longstanding and intense historical contacts.
329:
90:
5824:
5631:
5585:
5474:
5432:
5419:
5122:
5111:
5060:
5003:
4997:
4971:
4966:
4862:
3507:
Haig, Geoffrey; Matras, Yaron (2002). "Kurdish linguistics: A brief overview".
2710:
2689:
1864:
1844:
1840:
1664:
1057:
657:
542:
522:
467:
230:
66:
4707:
4595:
3862:(Habilitation thesis). Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel. Archived from
3662:
3602:
3147:"Kurdish writer in Turkey fights to save Zazaki dialect with children's books"
747:
5793:
5783:
5719:
5380:
5250:
5133:
5116:
2838:
2820:
2802:
1185:
708:
507:
492:
4121:, Bingöl Üniversitesi I. Uluslararası Zaza Dili Sempozyumu, pp. 263–270
3983:. The Iranian Languages: London & New York: Routledge. pp. 545–586.
3126:
3091:
3059:
1004:
5646:
5636:
4792:
Henarek – Granatäpfelchen: Welat Şêrq ra Sonîk | Märchen aus dem Morgenland
4579:(Speech). Mannheim Zaza Book Festival (in German). University of Frankfurt.
3283:
3171:
1757:
1012:
1008:
1000:
742:
Writing in Zaza is a recent phenomenon. The first literary work in Zaza is
719:
237:
4690:
938:
826:
295:
284:
275:
5425:
1786:
1197:
1180:
801:
484:
2987:"Gorani Influence on Central Kurdish: Substratum or Prestige Borrowing?"
942:
890:
775:. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, most Zaza literature was published in
683:
Iranian, with its origins in the Northwestern group. Although the term “
5088:
4610:"Introduction to Special Issue - Kurdish: A critical research overview"
3067:
2843:
2825:
2807:
2051:
1876:
1262:
1190:
1151:
1150:. Each noun belongs to one of those two genders. In order to correctly
1111:
1107:
882:
722:
has demonstrated that the Zaza language is very closely related to the
578:
450:
444:
4362:, Williams & Norgate, London, Edinburg, Leipzig, 1860, s.242
4102:
Rastnustena Zonê Ma -Handbuch für die Rechtschreibung der Zaza-Sprache
2864:
5277:
4134:
Ferheng Kirmanckî (zazakî – Kurmancî) – Kurmancî – Kirmanckî (zazakî)
2697:
1543:
1438:
1234:
972:
914:
841:
797:
634:
582:
511:
496:
439:
351:
309:
289:
268:
250:
4869:
4427:
3206:
980:
976:
874:
426:, and in many cases identify as such. The language is a part of the
376:
5766:
5625:
5230:
2157:
1143:
1095:
1034:
696:
688:
4317:. İstanbul: Bingöl Üniversitesi Yayınları. ISBN 978-605-65457-0-2.
4156:
Wolfgang, Schulze: Northern Talysh. Lincom Europa. 2000. (page 35)
5455:
5075:
5030:
4856:
4543:
Blau, Joyce (1989). "Gurânî et Zâzâ". In Schmitt, Rüdiger (ed.).
1835:
Zaza text in Arabic letters, written in 1891 and printed in 1899.
1433:
946:
926:
870:
776:
534:
480:
1122:
alignment otherwise. Syntactically it is nominative-accusative.
996:
5531:
5235:
5082:
5055:
3695:
Turkic-Iranian Contact Areas: Historical and Linguistic Aspects
3191:
1289:
may become lowered to when occurring before a velarized nasal
992:
958:
954:
906:
902:
886:
808:
784:
780:
700:
488:
415:
384:
55:
4774:
3801:
3570:
3558:
1056:
Both languages distinguish between aspirated and unaspirated
1044:
988:
950:
910:
878:
550:
518:
423:
419:
300:
112:
4825:
3085:. Vol. 14. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University. p. 36.
3008:"Minority Rights Group International (MRG)-Minorities-Kurds"
2760:
Gippert, Jost (1999), Iranische Sprachen / Iranian Languages
1285:
may also be realized as when occurring before a consonant.
502:
Efforts to preserve and revitalize Zazaki are ongoing. Many
5409:
4702:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 663–684.
3825:
Ergative in Tāti Dialect of Khalkhāl, Jahandust Sabzalipoor
3321:
Iranica Varia: Papers in Honor of Professor Ehsan Yarshater
466:
Many Zaza speakers resided in conflict-affected regions of
3257:
Paul, Ludwig (2009). "Zazaki". In Windfuhr, Gernot (ed.).
2019:
2004:
1948:
1944:
1926:
1911:
1896:
4840:
4817:
4812:
4360:
Opuscula: Essays, Chiefly Philological and Ethnographical
3642:
3582:
807:
In 2009, Zaza was classified as a vulnerable language by
4848:
2994:
ILLC - Department of Philosophy, University of Amsterdam
771:
in 1979 but the journal had to close as a result of the
4863:"Zaza a Northwestern Iranic language of eastern Turkey"
4646:
Larson, Richard K.; Yamakido, Hiroko (8 January 2006).
4165:مفيدي روح اله. تحول نظام واژه بستي در فارسي ميانه و نو.
577:(kiu). Other international linguistic authorities, the
4525:
Verb functionality and ergativity in the Zaza language
4520:
Verbfunktionalität und Ergativität in der Zaza-Sprache
5743:
4735:"The Position of Zazaki Among West Iranian languages"
3469:"Kurdish language I. History of the Kurdish language"
3107:"Status of Education and Minorities Rights in Turkey"
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2014:
2009:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1937:
1931:
1921:
1916:
1906:
1901:
1891:
1886:
1881:
664:
form, whereas Kurdish has adopted features common to
4531:(PhD thesis). Universität Düsseldorf. Archived from
4409:
Bingöl Üniversitesi Yaşayan Diller Enstitüsü Dergisi
4297:
Bingöl Üniversitesi Yaşayan Diller Enstitüsü Dergisi
3961:. Electronic Publication. p. 33. Archived from
3021:
Kreyenbroek, Philip G.; Sperl, Stefan (7 May 2015).
3410:
Kurdish language I. History of the Kurdish language
1823:becomes a velar when following a velar consonant.
517:The decline of Zazaki speakers could also lead the
506:writers in Turkey are fighting to save Zazaki with
4269:II. Uluslararası Zaza Tarihi ve Kültürü Sempozyumu
3437:Kurdish nationalism and competing ethnic loyalties
2984:
730:that has survived to the present day. Conversely,
5791:
4641:(Thesis). Frankfurt am Main: Goethe-Universität.
3688:
3686:
3318:
3020:
2725:
4271:. Bingöl Üniversitesi Yayınları. Archived from
3717:
3667:. London: H. M. Stationery Office. p. 19.
596:
356:The position of Zazaki among Iranian languages
4751:Features of Bilingualism in the Zaza Community
4645:
4358:Robert Gordon Latham, "On a Zaza Vocabulary",
4345:Robert Gordon Latham, "On a Zaza Vocabulary",
3856:Alignment in Kurdish: A Diachronic Perspective
3600:
3487:
3357:. Graz, Austria: Wien Kultur. pp. 55–76.
2772:Position of Zaza language in Iranian Languages
1086:, central Iranian languages and dialects like
553:,’ despite having some proficiency in Zazaki.
514:, but the language faces an uncertain future.
442:Zaza originated as a pejorative. According to
27:Northwestern Iranian language spoken in Turkey
5514:
4885:
4329:
3742:
3692:
3683:
3628:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 35.
3387:Bozbuğa, R. (2014). "Unknown people; Zazas".
3352:
1293:, or occurring between a palatal approximant
656:influences that have permeated Kurdish since
475:enacted from the mid-1920s until 1991 banned
4649:Zazaki "Double Ezafe" as Double Case-Marking
4573:Die historische Entwicklung der Zaza-Sprache
4131:
3745:"The Ezafe Construction: Persian and Beyond"
3525:
4104:. Bonn: Verlag für Kultur und Wissenschaft.
4079:. İstanbul: Bingöl Üniversitesi Yayınları.
3112:Georgetown Journal of International Affairs
3080:
1146:distinguish between masculine and feminine
5521:
5507:
4892:
4878:
4697:
3693:Johanson, Lars; Bulut, Christiane (2006).
3654:
3648:
3588:
3576:
3564:
3506:
2938:
1130:Among all Western Iranian languages Zaza,
1031:Similar personal pronouns and use of these
1023:Zazaki shows many similarities with other
375:
350:
4547:. Wiesbaden: Reichert. pp. 336–340.
3743:Kahnemuyipour, Arsalan (7 October 2016).
3697:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 293.
3601:Erdoğmuş, Hatip; Orki̇n, Şeyhmus (2018).
3090:
3045:
3039:
2978:
533:, 402 people aged between 15 and 75 from
4683:A Grammar of Dimili (Also Known as Zaza)
4559:(About Daylamite origin of Zaza-Guranis)
4425:
4391:"Molla Mehmet Demirtaş’ın Zazaca Divanı"
4347:Transactions of The Philological Society
4099:
3996:A Grammar of Dimili (also Known as Zaza)
3955:A Grammar of Dimili (also Known as Zaza)
3780:(in German). Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag.
3660:
3281:
3167:"First newspaper in Zazaki is shut down"
2748:Partial tree of Indo-European languages.
1830:
840:
389:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
383:Zaza is classified as Vulnerable by the
4852:(in Zaza, German, Turkish, and English)
4607:
4584:
4569:
4236:"Diyarbakır'dan bir Zazaca Alevi Metni"
4210:
3386:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2401:
1313:become nasalized when occurring before
792:332 books have been published in Zaza.
660:times. They have retained the expected
14:
5792:
4748:
4655:. LSA. Albuquerque, NM. Archived from
4634:
4566:Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
4516:
4402:
4290:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4249:
4233:
4114:
4057:
3978:
3799:
3496:. Cambridge University Press: 109–130.
2953:
862:There are three main Zazaki dialects:
800:and established a common alphabet and
525:identity. According to a study led by
521:to lose their identity and shift to a
5502:
4899:
4873:
4857:Website of Zazaki Institute Frankfurt
4638:Zur dialektalen Gliederung des Zazaki
4286:
4284:
4282:
4259:
4040:
4010:"Sultan Efendi'nin Zazaca El Yazması"
3793:
3623:
3462:
3460:
3426:from the original on 4 December 2011.
3404:
3402:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2786:
1327:
1125:
414:language spoken primarily in eastern
47:Zazakî / Kirmanckî / Kirdkî / Dimilkî
4740:. In Sims-Williams, Nicholas (ed.).
4732:
4680:
4542:
4450:worldhistory.com by Multiple authors
4432:I. Uluslararası Zaza Dili Sempozyumu
4428:"Geçmişten Günümüze Zazaca Dergiler"
4365:
4262:"Zazalarda Mevlid ve Siyer Geleneği"
4074:
3993:
3951:
3852:
3778:Zazaki – Versuch einer Dialektologie
3775:
3528:""Historical Development of Zazaki""
3466:
3323:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 267.
3312:
3256:
2966:from the original on 26 January 2021
2956:"Kirmanckî, Kirdkî, Dimilkî, Zazakî"
2865:"Multitree | The LINGUIST List"
2398:
358:
4374:
4352:
4339:
4320:
4246:
4118:Zazaca Alfabe ve alfabetik sıralama
3800:Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica.
3207:"639 Identifier Documentation: zza"
815:The institution of Higher Education
24:
5484:Languages between parentheses are
4785:
4700:The Cambridge History of the Kurds
4685:(Thesis). University of Michigan.
4279:
4044:Zazalarda Mevlid ve Siyer Geleneği
3802:"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica"
3457:
3422:. London and New York: Routledge.
3399:
3300:from the original on 29 April 2011
3275:
3225:
3023:The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview
2783:
408:Zazakî, Kirmanckî, Kirdkî, Dimilkî
25:
5836:
4813:Zaza People and Zazaki Literature
4806:
4499:These exact names also appear in
3722:. London: Routledge. p. 32.
3467:Paul, Ludwig (15 December 2008).
2682:
2419:instead of both I's in the table.
2387:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2359:
2352:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2316:
2310:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2162:
1802:
1791:
1765:
1735:
1702:
1672:
1647:
1638:
1629:
1622:
1615:
1599:
1592:
1583:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1553:
1528:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1485:
1478:
1469:
1462:
1455:
1448:
1417:
1405:
1398:
1269:
1253:
1246:
1239:
1225:
1216:
1209:
1202:
825:established the same department.
422:, who are commonly considered as
5777:
5765:
5753:
5726:
5725:
5713:
5530:
5458:(unknown further classification)
4608:Haig, Geoffrey; Öpengin, Ergin.
4581:(not original published speech)
4434:. Bingöl Üniversitesi Yayınları.
3718:Ludwig Windfuhr, Gernot (2009).
3509:Language Typology and Universals
2954:Lezgîn, Roşan (26 August 2009).
2849:
2831:
2813:
2765:
2753:
2741:
2713:(aruz), resembles the mawlid of
1297:and a palato-alveolar fricative
556:
4865:. Endangered Language Alliance.
4826:News, Folktales, Grammar Course
4545:Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum
4510:
4463:
4438:
4419:
4396:
4383:
4307:
4227:
4204:
4195:
4186:
4177:
4168:
4159:
4150:
4125:
4108:
4093:
4068:
4051:
4034:
4002:
3987:
3972:
3945:
3935:
3926:
3917:
3908:
3899:
3890:
3881:
3846:
3837:
3828:
3819:
3784:
3769:
3736:
3711:
3671:from the original on 2 May 2014
3617:
3594:
3549:
3519:
3500:
3490:Journal of Linguistic Geography
3481:
3444:
3429:
3380:
3371:
3346:
3337:
3261:. Routledge. pp. 545–546.
3250:
3199:
3179:
3159:
3139:
3119:
3099:
3074:
3014:
2939:Kenstowicz, Michael J. (2004).
2431:
1040:Very similar ergative structure
561:Zaza language is classified by
461:
5810:Northwestern Iranian languages
5488:of the language on their left.
4841:News, Articles and Bingöl city
4493:
3435:Bruinessen, M.M. van. (1994).
3000:
2947:
2932:
2907:
2882:
2857:
2692:script, which is also used in
1839:Zaza texts written during the
1025:Northwestern Iranian languages
750:in 1899, followed by the work
744:Mewlîdu'n-Nebîyyî'l-Qureyşîyyî
666:Southwestern Iranian languages
603:Northwestern Iranian languages
34:Dimili, Visakhapatnam district
13:
1:
5560:Recognized minority languages
4672:: CS1 maint: date and year (
4475:titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de
3853:Haig, Geoffrey L. J. (2004).
2919:titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de
2777:
2726:Post-Republic Zaza literature
2673:
2425:
1320:
1317:, as , , and , respectively.
569:, including the varieties of
545:,’ their mother language as ‘
5683:Central Taurus Sign Language
4588:Zazaca'nın tarihsel gelişimi
4585:Gippert, Jost (4 May 1996).
4570:Gippert, Jost (4 May 1996).
3450:Gernot Windfuhr, ed., 2009.
3132:Endangered Language Alliance
1260:
1232:
1223:
1195:
1165:
597:Relations to other languages
7:
5652:Syriac/Assyrian/Neo-Aramaic
4768:
4293:"Zaza Dili (Zaza Language)"
3526:Jost Gippert (4 May 1996).
2985:Michiel Leezenberg (1993).
1826:
836:
10:
5841:
4818:News, Articles and Columns
4213:"Bilinmeyen Halk: Zazalar"
4136:. Berlin: Weşanên Komkar.
2734:
1074:As with a number of other
1069:
737:
549:,’ and their religion as ‘
527:Dr. Nadire Güntaş Aldatmaz
31:
5707:
5691:
5665:
5599:
5559:
5543:
5465:
5448:
5348:
5172:
5163:
5022:
4947:
4938:
4907:
4749:Werner, Brigitte (2007).
4708:10.1017/9781108623711.027
4681:Todd, Terry Lynn (1985).
4426:Söylemez, İsmail (2011).
4349:, London, 1856, ss. 40-42
3994:Todd, Terry Lynn (2008).
3952:Todd, Terry Lynn (2008).
3319:Ehsan Yar-Shater (1990).
3282:Asatrian, Garnik (1995).
2941:Studies in Zazaki Grammar
2821:Kirmanjki (Northern Zaza)
2718:written by Siverek mufti
2546:
2534:
2531:
1797:
1785:
1764:
1734:
1722:
1701:
1671:
1657:
1621:
1542:
1511:
1432:
1404:
1392:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1344:
1334:
1329:
1208:
1201:
1196:
1170:
374:
349:
335:
323:
307:
266:
248:
243:
227:
188:
128:
118:
108:
61:
51:
46:
41:
5600:Other minority languages
4756:(Report). Archived from
4234:Dehqan, Mustafa (2022).
3661:Prothero, W. G. (1920).
3515:. Akademie Verlag: 3–14.
831:2016 coup d'état attempt
4831:29 January 2016 at the
4562:Gajewski, Jon. (2004)
4403:Arslan, Mehmet (2020).
4211:Bozbuğa, Rasim (2014).
4100:Jacobson, C.M. (1993).
3092:10.3765/salt.v14i0.2913
3060:10.1163/157338499X00335
3048:Iran & the Caucasus
1863:is an extension of the
1043:Masculine and feminine
407:
124:3–4 million (2009)
5800:Languages of Kurdistan
4635:Keskin, Mesut (2008).
4517:Arslan, İlyas (2016).
4291:Keskin, Mesut (2015).
4217:Akademik Hassasiyetler
4115:Selcan, Zülfü (2011),
4058:Keskin, Mesut (2015),
3624:Tabak, Husrev (2017).
3408:Paul, Ludwig (2008). "
3389:Akademik Hassasiyetler
2890:"Glottolog 4.5 - Zaza"
1836:
1062:Similar vowel phonemes
859:
732:Gernot Ludwig Windfuhr
430:language group of the
5699:Turkish bird language
5673:Turkish Sign Language
4733:Paul, Ludwig (1998).
4336:Глазунова, 1856/57/58
4260:Varol, Murat (2012).
4132:Çeko Kocadag (2010).
4041:Varol, Murat (2012),
3979:Ludwig, Paul (2009).
3776:Paul, Ludwig (1998).
3720:The Iranian Languages
3664:Armenia and Kurdistan
3452:The Iranian Languages
3259:The Iranian Languages
2839:Dimli (Southern Zaza)
1834:
1120:nominative-accusative
1037:use of the letter "u"
844:
670:Martin van Bruinessen
5815:Vulnerable languages
5678:Mardin Sign Language
5479:historical languages
4763:on 29 December 2009.
4662:on 3 September 2006.
4538:on 23 December 2016.
4313:Özer, Osman (2016).
4275:on 17 December 2023.
4075:Özer, Osman (2016).
3998:. Stockholm: Iremet.
3765:– via iub.edu.
3474:Encyclopædia Iranica
3419:Encyclopædia Iranica
3289:Encyclopedia Iranica
2411:Zaza Knowledge uses
971:is spoken mainly in
929:is spoken mainly in
873:is spoken mainly in
756:Osman Efendîyo Babij
662:Northwestern Iranian
412:Northwestern Iranian
5805:Languages of Turkey
5537:Languages of Turkey
4630:on 22 October 2014.
4623:(2). Archived from
4315:Mevlid Ahmed-i Hasi
4077:Mevlid Ahmed-i Hasi
3968:on 28 January 2012.
3757:on 23 November 2018
3579:, pp. 676–677.
3567:, pp. 675–676.
3152:Rudaw Media Network
3115:. 20 December 2022.
2417:⟨İ/i⟩
2413:⟨I/ı⟩
1872:
4022:on 31 January 2020
3869:on 29 January 2013
1870:
1837:
1148:grammatical gender
1126:Grammatical gender
1090:, Kahangi, Vafsi,
860:
5741:
5740:
5720:Turkey portal
5692:Whistle languages
5544:Official language
5496:
5495:
5444:
5443:
5159:
5158:
4901:Iranian languages
4800:978-3-929728-89-7
4717:978-1-108-62371-1
4143:978-3-927213-40-1
4086:978-605-65457-0-2
3806:iranicaonline.org
3729:978-0-7007-1131-4
3649:Malmîsanij (2021)
3635:978-1-78453-737-1
3589:Malmîsanij (2021)
3577:Malmîsanij (2021)
3565:Malmîsanij (2021)
3211:SIL International
2847:(25th ed., 2022)
2829:(25th ed., 2022)
2811:(25th ed., 2022)
2720:Osman Esad Efendi
2671:
2670:
2662:ēnan, ishān, inhā
2395:
2394:
1857:Bedirxan alphabet
1818:
1817:
1760:
1730:
1697:
1667:
1612:
1550:
1502:
1445:
1387:
1381:
1279:
1278:
1154:any noun and any
1076:Iranian languages
970:
928:
872:
823:Bingöl University
819:Munzur University
728:Parthian language
724:Parthian language
563:SIL International
531:Ankara University
529:, an academic at
477:Kurdish languages
397:
396:
368:
367:
281:Individual codes:
16:(Redirected from
5832:
5782:
5781:
5780:
5770:
5769:
5758:
5757:
5756:
5749:
5729:
5728:
5718:
5717:
5716:
5642:Levantine Arabic
5535:
5534:
5523:
5516:
5509:
5500:
5499:
5340:Zoroastrian Dari
5170:
5169:
4945:
4944:
4894:
4887:
4880:
4871:
4870:
4866:
4853:
4849:Center of Zazaki
4845:
4837:
4822:
4780:Zaza nationalism
4764:
4762:
4755:
4745:
4739:
4729:
4694:
4677:
4671:
4663:
4661:
4654:
4642:
4631:
4629:
4614:
4602:
4601:on 21 June 2006.
4600:
4593:
4580:
4578:
4558:
4539:
4537:
4530:
4504:
4501:Northern Kurdish
4497:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4481:
4467:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4456:
4442:
4436:
4435:
4423:
4417:
4416:
4400:
4394:
4387:
4381:
4378:
4372:
4369:
4363:
4356:
4350:
4343:
4337:
4333:
4327:
4324:
4318:
4311:
4305:
4304:
4288:
4277:
4276:
4266:
4257:
4244:
4243:
4231:
4225:
4224:
4208:
4202:
4199:
4193:
4190:
4184:
4181:
4175:
4172:
4166:
4163:
4157:
4154:
4148:
4147:
4129:
4123:
4122:
4112:
4106:
4105:
4097:
4091:
4090:
4072:
4066:
4065:
4055:
4049:
4048:
4038:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4021:
4015:. Archived from
4014:
4006:
4000:
3999:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3976:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3960:
3949:
3943:
3939:
3933:
3930:
3924:
3921:
3915:
3912:
3906:
3903:
3897:
3894:
3888:
3885:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3868:
3861:
3850:
3844:
3841:
3835:
3832:
3826:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3797:
3791:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3773:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3756:
3750:. Archived from
3749:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3690:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3658:
3652:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3598:
3592:
3586:
3580:
3574:
3568:
3562:
3556:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3532:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3504:
3498:
3497:
3485:
3479:
3478:
3464:
3455:
3448:
3442:
3433:
3427:
3414:Yarshater, Ehsan
3406:
3397:
3396:
3384:
3378:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3350:
3344:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3175:. 1 August 2017.
3163:
3157:
3156:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2991:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2869:linguistlist.org
2861:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2836:
2835:
2818:
2817:
2800:
2769:
2757:
2745:
2430:
2429:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2409:
2391:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2320:
2314:
2306:
2299:
2292:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2222:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2166:
1951:
1940:
1873:
1869:
1843:were written in
1822:
1806:
1795:
1769:
1756:
1739:
1728:
1706:
1693:
1676:
1663:
1651:
1642:
1633:
1626:
1619:
1608:
1603:
1596:
1587:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1548:
1532:
1523:
1516:
1509:
1498:
1489:
1482:
1473:
1466:
1459:
1452:
1443:
1421:
1409:
1402:
1385:
1379:
1325:
1324:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1273:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1229:
1220:
1213:
1206:
1175:
1174:
1106:, demonstrating
1100:split ergativity
1098:, Zaza features
969:
925:
869:
857:
852:
847:
773:1980 coup d'état
718:German linguist
705:Southern Kurdish
693:Southern Kurdish
685:Kurdish language
510:and others with
508:children’s books
391:
379:
359:
354:
345:
319:
298:
287:
279:– inclusive code
278:
271:
262:
261:
253:
233:
134:
39:
38:
21:
5840:
5839:
5835:
5834:
5833:
5831:
5830:
5829:
5790:
5789:
5788:
5778:
5776:
5764:
5754:
5752:
5744:
5742:
5737:
5714:
5712:
5703:
5687:
5661:
5595:
5555:
5539:
5529:
5527:
5497:
5492:
5491:
5461:
5440:
5344:
5155:
5018:
4934:
4903:
4898:
4861:
4851:
4843:
4835:
4833:Wayback Machine
4820:
4809:
4788:
4786:Further reading
4771:
4760:
4753:
4737:
4718:
4668:cite conference
4665:
4664:
4659:
4652:
4627:
4617:Kurdish Studies
4612:
4598:
4591:
4576:
4555:
4535:
4528:
4513:
4508:
4507:
4498:
4494:
4489:
4479:
4477:
4469:
4468:
4464:
4454:
4452:
4444:
4443:
4439:
4424:
4420:
4401:
4397:
4389:Ahmet Kayıntu,
4388:
4384:
4379:
4375:
4370:
4366:
4357:
4353:
4344:
4340:
4334:
4330:
4325:
4321:
4312:
4308:
4289:
4280:
4264:
4258:
4247:
4232:
4228:
4209:
4205:
4200:
4196:
4191:
4187:
4182:
4178:
4173:
4169:
4164:
4160:
4155:
4151:
4144:
4130:
4126:
4113:
4109:
4098:
4094:
4087:
4073:
4069:
4056:
4052:
4039:
4035:
4025:
4023:
4019:
4012:
4008:
4007:
4003:
3992:
3988:
3977:
3973:
3965:
3958:
3950:
3946:
3940:
3936:
3931:
3927:
3922:
3918:
3913:
3909:
3904:
3900:
3895:
3891:
3886:
3882:
3872:
3870:
3866:
3859:
3851:
3847:
3842:
3838:
3833:
3829:
3824:
3820:
3810:
3808:
3798:
3794:
3789:
3785:
3774:
3770:
3760:
3758:
3754:
3747:
3741:
3737:
3730:
3716:
3712:
3705:
3691:
3684:
3674:
3672:
3659:
3655:
3647:
3643:
3636:
3622:
3618:
3599:
3595:
3587:
3583:
3575:
3571:
3563:
3559:
3554:
3550:
3540:
3538:
3530:
3524:
3520:
3505:
3501:
3486:
3482:
3465:
3458:
3449:
3445:
3434:
3430:
3407:
3400:
3385:
3381:
3376:
3372:
3365:
3351:
3347:
3342:
3338:
3331:
3317:
3313:
3303:
3301:
3280:
3276:
3269:
3255:
3251:
3241:
3239:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3216:
3214:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3195:. 1 March 2021.
3185:
3184:
3180:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3155:. 6 April 2021.
3145:
3144:
3140:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3079:
3075:
3044:
3040:
3033:
3019:
3015:
3006:
3005:
3001:
2989:
2983:
2979:
2969:
2967:
2952:
2948:
2937:
2933:
2923:
2921:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2898:
2896:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2873:
2871:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2848:
2837:
2830:
2819:
2812:
2801:
2784:
2780:
2773:
2770:
2761:
2758:
2749:
2746:
2737:
2728:
2715:Süleyman Çelebi
2702:Nahj al-balagha
2694:Ottoman Turkish
2685:
2676:
2428:
2423:
2416:
2412:
2410:
2399:
2309:
1943:
1936:
1853:Arabic alphabet
1849:Ottoman Turkish
1829:
1437:
1347:
1339:
1323:
1173:
1168:
1128:
1072:
1058:voiceless stops
967:Southern Zazaki
867:Northern Zazaki
858:Southern Zazaki
855:
854:
850:
849:
848:Northern Zazaki
845:
839:
783:and especially
740:
650:Kurdish dialect
599:
575:Northern Zazaki
559:
539:Dersim province
464:
393:
392:
387:
382:
370:
369:
341:
315:
303:(Southern Zaza)
294:
293:
292:(Northern Zaza)
283:
282:
280:
274:
267:
257:
256:
249:
234:
229:
184:
135:
132:Language family
130:
121:
120:Native speakers
37:
28:
23:
22:
18:Zazaki language
15:
12:
11:
5:
5838:
5828:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5787:
5786:
5774:
5762:
5739:
5738:
5736:
5735:
5723:
5708:
5705:
5704:
5702:
5701:
5695:
5693:
5689:
5688:
5686:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5669:
5667:
5666:Sign languages
5663:
5662:
5660:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5603:
5601:
5597:
5596:
5594:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5563:
5561:
5557:
5556:
5554:
5553:
5547:
5545:
5541:
5540:
5526:
5525:
5518:
5511:
5503:
5494:
5493:
5490:
5489:
5482:
5467:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5460:
5459:
5452:
5450:
5446:
5445:
5442:
5441:
5439:
5438:
5437:
5436:
5433:Middle Persian
5429:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5397:
5390:
5389:
5388:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5352:
5350:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5331:
5330:
5320:
5315:
5314:
5313:
5308:
5306:Semnani proper
5303:
5298:
5288:
5281:
5274:
5267:
5266:
5265:
5255:
5254:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5223:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5194:
5193:
5192:
5182:
5176:
5174:
5167:
5161:
5160:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5153:
5152:
5151:
5139:
5138:
5137:
5130:
5129:
5128:
5127:
5126:
5119:
5114:
5092:
5085:
5080:
5079:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5053:
5048:
5041:
5034:
5026:
5024:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4953:
4951:
4942:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4932:
4927:
4925:Middle Iranian
4922:
4917:
4911:
4909:
4905:
4904:
4897:
4896:
4889:
4882:
4874:
4868:
4867:
4859:
4854:
4846:
4838:
4823:
4815:
4808:
4807:External links
4805:
4804:
4803:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4782:
4777:
4770:
4767:
4766:
4765:
4746:
4730:
4716:
4695:
4691:2027.42/160737
4678:
4643:
4632:
4605:
4604:
4603:
4567:
4564:"Zazaki Notes"
4560:
4553:
4540:
4512:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4487:
4471:"worldhistory"
4462:
4446:"worldhistory"
4437:
4418:
4395:
4382:
4373:
4364:
4351:
4338:
4328:
4319:
4306:
4278:
4245:
4226:
4203:
4194:
4185:
4176:
4167:
4158:
4149:
4142:
4124:
4107:
4092:
4085:
4067:
4050:
4033:
4001:
3986:
3971:
3944:
3934:
3925:
3916:
3907:
3898:
3889:
3880:
3845:
3836:
3827:
3818:
3792:
3783:
3768:
3735:
3728:
3710:
3703:
3682:
3653:
3651:, p. 679.
3641:
3634:
3616:
3609:(in Turkish).
3607:Kent Akademisi
3593:
3591:, p. 681.
3581:
3569:
3557:
3548:
3518:
3499:
3480:
3456:
3443:
3428:
3398:
3379:
3370:
3363:
3345:
3336:
3329:
3311:
3274:
3267:
3249:
3233:"Adharic/Zaza"
3224:
3198:
3178:
3158:
3138:
3118:
3098:
3073:
3038:
3031:
3013:
2999:
2977:
2946:
2931:
2915:"worldhistory"
2906:
2881:
2856:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2727:
2724:
2711:Arabic prosody
2707:Ahmed el-Hassi
2684:
2683:Ottoman period
2681:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2644:ê, i, ina, ino
2642:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2174:
2167:
2160:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1941:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1871:Zaza alphabet
1865:Latin alphabet
1845:Arabic letters
1828:
1825:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1763:
1761:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1733:
1731:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1700:
1698:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1670:
1668:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1645:
1643:
1636:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1605:
1604:
1597:
1590:
1588:
1581:
1579:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1551:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1526:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1474:
1467:
1460:
1453:
1446:
1441:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1343:
1333:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1267:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1251:
1244:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1127:
1124:
1118:contexts, and
1071:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1041:
1038:
1032:
1021:
1020:
963:
962:
923:Central Zazaki
919:
918:
853:Central Zazaki
838:
835:
739:
736:
711:, Zazaki, and
658:Middle Persian
598:
595:
558:
555:
468:eastern Turkey
463:
460:
395:
394:
381:
380:
372:
371:
366:
365:
357:
355:
347:
346:
339:
333:
332:
327:
321:
320:
313:
305:
304:
272:
264:
263:
254:
246:
245:
244:Language codes
241:
240:
235:
231:Writing system
228:
225:
224:
223:
222:
221:Central Zazaki
219:
216:
213:
210:
207:
204:
201:
198:
195:
190:
186:
185:
183:
182:
181:
180:
179:
178:
177:
176:
175:
174:
173:
172:
138:
136:
129:
126:
125:
122:
119:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
63:
59:
58:
53:
52:Native to
49:
48:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5837:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5820:Zaza language
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5797:
5795:
5785:
5775:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5761:
5751:
5750:
5747:
5734:
5733:
5724:
5722:
5721:
5710:
5709:
5706:
5700:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5690:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5670:
5668:
5664:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5627:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5598:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5576:
5572:
5568:
5565:
5564:
5562:
5558:
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5548:
5546:
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5538:
5533:
5524:
5519:
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5512:
5510:
5505:
5504:
5501:
5487:
5483:
5480:
5476:
5472:
5469:
5468:
5464:
5457:
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5453:
5451:
5447:
5435:
5434:
5430:
5428:
5427:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5405:Caucasian Tat
5403:
5402:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5395:
5391:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5347:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5329:
5326:
5325:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5293:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5286:
5282:
5280:
5279:
5275:
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5272:
5268:
5264:
5261:
5260:
5259:
5256:
5252:
5249:
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5239:
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5234:
5232:
5229:
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5224:
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5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
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5178:
5177:
5175:
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5166:
5162:
5150:
5147:
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5144:
5140:
5136:
5135:
5131:
5125:
5124:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5109:
5108:
5105:
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5103:
5100:
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5077:
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5028:
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5025:
5021:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
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4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
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4958:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4950:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4937:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4915:Proto-Iranian
4913:
4912:
4910:
4906:
4902:
4895:
4890:
4888:
4883:
4881:
4876:
4875:
4872:
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4727:
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4713:
4709:
4705:
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4696:
4692:
4688:
4684:
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4675:
4669:
4658:
4651:
4650:
4644:
4640:
4639:
4633:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4611:
4606:
4597:
4590:
4589:
4583:
4582:
4575:
4574:
4568:
4565:
4561:
4556:
4554:3-88226-413-6
4550:
4546:
4541:
4534:
4526:
4522:
4521:
4515:
4514:
4502:
4496:
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4476:
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4451:
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4441:
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4422:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4399:
4392:
4386:
4377:
4368:
4361:
4355:
4348:
4342:
4332:
4323:
4316:
4310:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4287:
4285:
4283:
4274:
4270:
4263:
4256:
4254:
4252:
4250:
4241:
4237:
4230:
4222:
4218:
4214:
4207:
4198:
4189:
4180:
4171:
4162:
4153:
4145:
4139:
4135:
4128:
4120:
4119:
4111:
4103:
4096:
4088:
4082:
4078:
4071:
4063:
4062:
4054:
4046:
4045:
4037:
4018:
4011:
4005:
3997:
3990:
3982:
3975:
3964:
3957:
3956:
3948:
3938:
3929:
3920:
3911:
3902:
3893:
3884:
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3831:
3822:
3807:
3803:
3796:
3787:
3779:
3772:
3753:
3746:
3739:
3731:
3725:
3721:
3714:
3706:
3704:3-447-05276-7
3700:
3696:
3689:
3687:
3670:
3666:
3665:
3657:
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3425:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3403:
3394:
3390:
3383:
3374:
3366:
3364:9783901600463
3360:
3356:
3349:
3340:
3332:
3330:90-6831-226-X
3326:
3322:
3315:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3290:
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3278:
3270:
3268:9780700711314
3264:
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3253:
3238:
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3208:
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3194:
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3182:
3174:
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3133:
3128:
3122:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3102:
3093:
3088:
3084:
3077:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3042:
3034:
3032:9781138869745
3028:
3025:. Routledge.
3024:
3017:
3009:
3003:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2965:
2962:(in Zazaki).
2961:
2957:
2950:
2942:
2935:
2920:
2916:
2910:
2895:
2894:glottolog.org
2891:
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2822:
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2804:
2799:
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2768:
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2756:
2751:
2744:
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2732:
2723:
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2699:
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2680:
2667:
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2649:
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2643:
2640:
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2599:
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2528:
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2512:
2509:
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2500:
2497:
2494:
2493:
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2469:
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2459:
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2447:
2444:
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2432:
2408:
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2397:
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2369:
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2362:
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2327:
2323:
2319:
2313:
2308:
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2301:
2298:
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2287:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2259:
2256:
2252:
2249:
2245:
2242:
2238:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1861:Zaza alphabet
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1833:
1824:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1732:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1699:
1696:
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1691:
1688:
1686:
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1678:
1675:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1653:
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1646:
1644:
1641:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1401:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1326:
1318:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1205:
1199:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1067:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
968:
965:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
927:
924:
921:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
871:
868:
865:
864:
863:
843:
834:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
810:
805:
803:
799:
793:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
757:
753:
749:
745:
735:
733:
729:
725:
721:
716:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
673:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
642:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
594:
592:
591:Northern Zaza
588:
587:Southern Zaza
584:
580:
576:
572:
571:Southern Zaza
568:
567:macrolanguage
564:
557:Macrolanguage
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
515:
513:
509:
505:
500:
498:
494:
493:United States
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
469:
459:
457:
453:
452:
447:
446:
441:
437:
434:group of the
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
390:
386:
378:
373:
364:
361:
360:
353:
348:
344:
340:
338:
334:
331:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
312:
311:
306:
302:
299: –
297:
291:
288: –
286:
277:
273:
270:
265:
260:
255:
252:
247:
242:
239:
236:
232:
226:
220:
217:
214:
211:
208:
205:
202:
199:
196:
193:
192:
191:
187:
171:
168:
167:
166:
163:
162:
161:
158:
157:
156:
153:
152:
151:
148:
147:
146:
143:
142:
141:
140:Indo-European
137:
133:
127:
123:
117:
114:
111:
107:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
65:Provinces of
64:
60:
57:
54:
50:
45:
40:
35:
30:
19:
5730:
5711:
5656:
5470:
5431:
5424:
5392:
5334:
5283:
5276:
5269:
5218:
5196:
5141:
5132:
5121:
5101:
5094:
5087:
5043:
5036:
5029:
4996:
4758:the original
4741:
4699:
4682:
4657:the original
4648:
4637:
4625:the original
4620:
4616:
4596:the original
4587:
4572:
4563:
4544:
4533:the original
4524:
4519:
4495:
4478:. Retrieved
4474:
4465:
4453:. Retrieved
4449:
4440:
4431:
4421:
4415:(12): 59–74.
4412:
4408:
4398:
4390:
4385:
4376:
4367:
4359:
4354:
4346:
4341:
4331:
4322:
4314:
4309:
4303:(1): 93–114.
4300:
4296:
4273:the original
4268:
4239:
4229:
4220:
4216:
4206:
4197:
4188:
4179:
4170:
4161:
4152:
4133:
4127:
4117:
4110:
4101:
4095:
4076:
4070:
4060:
4053:
4043:
4036:
4024:. Retrieved
4017:the original
4004:
3995:
3989:
3980:
3974:
3963:the original
3954:
3947:
3937:
3928:
3919:
3910:
3901:
3892:
3883:
3871:. Retrieved
3864:the original
3855:
3848:
3839:
3830:
3821:
3809:. Retrieved
3805:
3795:
3786:
3777:
3771:
3759:. Retrieved
3752:the original
3738:
3719:
3713:
3694:
3675:15 September
3673:. Retrieved
3663:
3656:
3644:
3625:
3619:
3610:
3606:
3596:
3584:
3572:
3560:
3551:
3539:. Retrieved
3537:(in Turkish)
3534:
3521:
3512:
3508:
3502:
3493:
3489:
3483:
3472:
3454:. Routledge.
3451:
3446:
3431:
3417:
3392:
3388:
3382:
3373:
3354:
3348:
3339:
3320:
3314:
3302:. Retrieved
3293:
3287:
3277:
3258:
3252:
3240:. Retrieved
3236:
3227:
3215:. Retrieved
3210:
3201:
3190:
3181:
3172:Kurdistan 24
3170:
3161:
3150:
3141:
3130:
3121:
3110:
3101:
3082:
3076:
3051:
3047:
3041:
3022:
3016:
3002:
2993:
2980:
2968:. Retrieved
2959:
2949:
2940:
2934:
2922:. Retrieved
2918:
2909:
2897:. Retrieved
2893:
2884:
2872:. Retrieved
2868:
2859:
2842:
2824:
2806:
2729:
2686:
2677:
2665:
2634:
2603:
2572:
2550:
2519:
2488:
2457:
1860:
1838:
1819:
1280:
1129:
1073:
1065:
1022:
966:
922:
866:
861:
813:
806:
802:orthographic
794:
788:
768:
760:
751:
743:
741:
720:Jost Gippert
717:
681:Southwestern
677:Northwestern
674:
643:
605:, including
600:
590:
586:
574:
570:
560:
516:
501:
473:Turkish laws
465:
462:Endangerment
449:
443:
438:branch. The
432:northwestern
403:
399:
398:
362:
337:Linguasphere
308:
238:Latin script
215:Motki (Moti)
169:
160:Northwestern
145:Indo-Iranian
29:
5426:Old Persian
5258:Mazanderani
5045:Khwarezmian
4930:New Iranian
4920:Old Iranian
4480:20 February
4455:19 December
3873:13 November
3395:(1): 50–68.
3054:: 397–408.
2970:23 December
2924:20 February
1841:Ottoman era
1787:Approximant
1110:marking in
765:periodicals
748:Ehmedê Xasi
644:Similar to
627:Mazandarani
485:Netherlands
428:Zaza–Gorani
165:Zaza–Gorani
5794:Categories
5089:Sarghulami
5009:Yazghulami
4962:Ishkashimi
4511:Literature
4223:(1): 1–50.
2960:Zazaki.net
2844:Ethnologue
2826:Ethnologue
2808:Ethnologue
2778:References
2674:Literature
2659:idon/widon
2426:Vocabulary
2052:Lower case
1877:Upper case
1368:Pharyngeal
1321:Consonants
1281:The vowel
1116:perfective
1104:morphology
1005:Kovancılar
931:Çemişgezek
761:Roja Newe,
579:Ethnologue
573:(diq) and
512:newspapers
451:Ethnologue
445:Ethnologue
103:Diyarbakır
5772:Languages
5760:Kurdistan
5581:Bulgarian
5486:varieties
5473:indicate
5394:Pahlavani
5386:Bakhtiari
5371:Kuhmareyi
5361:Bashkardi
5278:Old Azeri
4982:Sanglechi
4844:(in Zaza)
4836:(in Zaza)
4821:(in Zaza)
4726:235541104
4240:Zazaki.de
4061:Zaza Dili
3613:(1): 164.
3535:Zazaki.de
3237:Glottolog
2943:. MITWPL.
2698:Selim III
2647:əvon/ayēn
2451:Ossetian
2448:Sangsari
1758:velarized
1549:voiceless
1544:Fricative
1444:voiceless
1439:Affricate
1301:. Vowels
1166:Phonology
973:Alacakaya
939:Karakoçan
915:Yayladere
827:TRT Kurdî
798:Stockholm
635:Old Azeri
583:Glottolog
497:Australia
440:glossonym
406:(Zazaki:
343:58-AAA-ba
310:Glottolog
290:Kirmanjki
269:ISO 639-3
251:ISO 639-2
109:Ethnicity
5732:Category
5657:Zaza(ki)
5626:Kurmanji
5617:Georgian
5607:Albanian
5567:Armenian
5415:Hazaragi
5366:Garmsiri
5301:Sangsari
5296:Lasgerdi
5285:Parthian
5263:Tabaroid
5231:Kurmanji
5180:Ashtiani
5149:Yaghnobi
5107:Ossetian
5096:Scythian
5071:Southern
5066:Northern
5038:Bactrian
4987:Sarikoli
4957:Bartangi
4829:Archived
4769:See also
4026:20 March
3669:Archived
3541:30 April
3440:Archived
3424:Archived
3298:Archived
2964:Archived
2454:Persian
2445:Semnani
2439:Talysh
2433:Pronoun
2158:phonemes
1827:Alphabet
1665:tap/flap
1348:alveolar
1341:Alveolar
1156:modifier
1144:Kurmanji
1136:Sangsari
1108:ergative
1096:Kurmanji
1035:Enclitic
943:Karlıova
891:Nazimiye
837:Dialects
697:Kurmanji
689:Northern
639:Parthian
619:Sangsari
581:and the
535:Mamekîye
317:zaza1246
206:Sivereki
189:Dialects
99:Adıyaman
83:Erzincan
5746:Portals
5647:Romeika
5622:Kurdish
5575:Western
5571:Eastern
5551:Turkish
5475:extinct
5471:Italics
5456:Badeshi
5400:Persian
5376:Kumzari
5318:Taleshi
5311:Sorkhei
5291:Semnani
5246:Kordali
5226:Kurdish
5220:Gorgani
5198:Daylami
5190:Makrani
5185:Balochi
5165:Western
5143:Sogdian
5102:Alanian
5076:Wanetsi
5061:Central
5051:Parachi
5031:Avestan
4992:Shughni
4977:Roshani
4940:Eastern
4908:History
3416:(ed.).
3304:11 June
3284:"DIMLĪ"
3242:2 April
3068:4030804
2735:Gallery
2513:dɨ (di)
2482:æz (az)
2458:English
1729:central
1724:Lateral
1434:Plosive
1373:Glottal
1353:Palatal
1346:Palato-
1186:Central
1160:nominal
1152:decline
1132:Semnani
1102:in its
1092:Balochi
1088:Semnani
1070:Grammar
947:Mazgirt
899:Pülümür
777:Germany
738:History
654:Persian
623:Semnani
547:Turkish
523:Turkish
504:Kurdish
481:Germany
456:Turkish
436:Iranian
418:by the
410:) is a
218:Dumbeli
194:Tunceli
155:Western
150:Iranian
95:Malatya
79:Erzurum
71:Tunceli
5784:Turkey
5632:Ladino
5612:Domari
5591:Hebrew
5449:Others
5356:Achomi
5328:Tatoid
5271:Median
5241:Xwarin
5236:Sorani
5214:Gorani
5209:Gilaki
5123:Jassic
5083:Ormuri
5056:Pashto
5023:Others
5014:Yidgha
4798:
4724:
4714:
4551:
4527:]
4140:
4083:
3981:Zazaki
3811:20 May
3761:23 May
3726:
3701:
3632:
3412:". In
3361:
3327:
3265:
3213:. 2008
3192:Bianet
3127:"Zaza"
3066:
3029:
2899:21 May
2874:20 May
2628:shimax
1659:Rhotic
1610:voiced
1500:voiced
1363:Uvular
1336:Dental
1331:Labial
1171:Vowels
1080:Talysh
1047:system
1015:, and
993:Ergani
985:Çüngüş
981:Çermik
977:Arıcak
959:Solhan
957:, and
955:Pertek
913:, and
907:Tercan
903:Tekman
895:Ovacık
887:Kelkit
875:Aşkale
856:
851:
846:
809:UNESCO
789:Mawlûd
785:Sweden
781:France
752:Mawlûd
713:Gorani
701:Sorani
646:Gorani
631:Gilaki
629:, and
611:Talysh
607:Gorani
495:, and
491:, the
489:Sweden
483:, the
416:Turkey
404:Zazaki
385:UNESCO
363:
197:Ovacik
87:Elazığ
75:Bingöl
62:Region
56:Turkey
5825:Zazas
5586:Greek
5420:Tajik
5349:South
5173:North
5112:Digor
5004:Wakhi
4998:Vanji
4972:Munji
4967:Khufi
4949:Pamir
4775:Zazas
4761:(PDF)
4754:(PDF)
4738:(PDF)
4722:S2CID
4660:(PDF)
4653:(PDF)
4628:(PDF)
4613:(PDF)
4599:(PDF)
4592:(PDF)
4577:(PDF)
4536:(PDF)
4529:(PDF)
4523:[
4265:(PDF)
4020:(PDF)
4013:(PDF)
3966:(PDF)
3959:(PDF)
3942:2003.
3867:(PDF)
3860:(PDF)
3755:(PDF)
3748:(PDF)
3531:(pdf)
3217:6 May
3064:JSTOR
2990:(PDF)
2690:Naskh
2631:shomā
2625:shūmā
2622:shūmā
2619:shūmā
2557:3SG.F
2547:ū, ān
2532:əv/ay
2526:3SG.M
2470:əz/āz
2442:Tati
2436:Zaza
1695:trill
1394:Nasal
1386:phar.
1380:plain
1358:Velar
1309:, or
1198:Close
1181:Front
1078:like
1045:ezafe
989:Dicle
951:Mutki
911:Varto
883:Hınıs
879:Hozat
769:Tîrêj
565:as a
551:Islam
519:Zazas
424:Kurds
420:Zazas
330:Dimli
301:Dimli
203:Varto
200:Hozat
113:Zazas
67:Sivas
5410:Dari
5381:Luri
5335:Zaza
5323:Tati
5251:Laki
5204:Fars
5134:Saka
5117:Iron
4796:ISBN
4712:ISBN
4674:link
4549:ISBN
4482:2022
4457:2021
4138:ISBN
4081:ISBN
4028:2020
3875:2012
3813:2023
3763:2019
3724:ISBN
3699:ISBN
3677:2013
3630:ISBN
3543:2024
3359:ISBN
3325:ISBN
3306:2021
3263:ISBN
3244:2024
3219:2024
3027:ISBN
2972:2020
2926:2022
2901:2022
2876:2023
2803:Zaza
2666:they
2616:şımə
2613:şıma
2591:hamā
2560:a/ay
2544:wuiy
2529:o/ey
2415:and
2092:i/î
2089:ı/i
1263:Open
1191:Back
1140:Tati
1114:and
1112:past
1094:and
1084:Tati
1017:Palu
1013:Lice
1009:Kulp
1001:Hani
997:Eğil
935:Genç
709:Laki
691:and
679:and
637:and
615:Tati
589:and
543:Turk
400:Zaza
212:Hazo
209:Kori
170:Zaza
101:and
42:Zaza
5637:Laz
5477:or
4704:doi
4687:hdl
3087:doi
3056:doi
3052:3/4
2841:at
2823:at
2805:at
2641:3PL
2635:you
2610:2PL
2597:max
2588:amā
2585:ama
2579:1PL
2573:she
2566:una
2520:you
2495:2SG
2485:man
2464:1SG
2185:t͡ʃ
2178:d͡ʒ
2155:IPA
1821:/n/
1521:d͡ʒ
1471:t͡ʃ
1315:/n/
1311:/ə/
1307:/ɨ/
1303:/ɑ/
1299:/ʃ/
1295:/j/
1291:/n/
1287:/ɨ/
1283:/e/
1235:Mid
754:by
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