374:
715:
citizens residing abroad would have to be checked and revalidated. A few days before that decree was to come into force, 17,000 German Jews that were or could be considered to be citizens of Poland were rounded up and unceremoniously dumped on the Polish border in various border towns, including 6,800 in Zbąszyń. The Polish government in turn refused to admit those of them who did not hold valid Polish passports. The Polish authorities hoped that the concentration of large numbers of Jews expelled from
Germany near the border would exert pressure on the Germans and induce them to begin negotiations to hasten the return of the Jews back to their former homes. As a result, thousands of Jews were stuck on the border in makeshift facilities for several days or weeks in appalling conditions.
719:
160:
315:
43:
53:
72:
1406:
833:
140:
79:
31:
742:
A committee to help the refugees was also set up in Zbąszyń headed by a Jewish flour-mill owner named
Grzybowski. The refugees were housed in army barracks and in buildings forming part of the flour mill, and fifteen hundred of them were accommodated in private dwellings. Expenses were met by the aid
714:
began on
October 27, 1938, as the Nazis began arresting Jews of Polish nationality in Germany with the intention of expelling them to Poland. The Nazis took this decision was the issuing of a decree by the Polish Ministry of the Interior on the 6 October 1938 which called for the passports of Polish
761:
Negotiations between the Polish authorities and the
Germans came to an end on the 24 January 1939, when an agreement was signed under which the deportees were allowed to return to Germany, in groups not exceeding one hundred at a time, for a limited stay to settle their affairs and liquidate their
649:
broke out, which goal was to reunite the region with the reborn Polish state. 42 Polish insurgents died in battle in Zbąszyń. At the local cemetery, there are graves of Polish insurgents who either died in battle, were executed by the
Germans in the town, or died in German captivity. The town
685:
ran through Zbąszyń, and in 1929 a new larger railway station building was erected to enable the handling of heavy traffic and accommodate the necessary offices. In this period, the proportion of Poles increased and in 1938, the population of the town stood at 5,400 which included 360
765:
The Polish government, for its part, enabled the families of the deportees to join them in Poland. These arrangements took until the summer of 1939, and most probably, a small number of refugees were still on their temporary stay in
Germany when the Germans
634:. Having experienced a strong influx of population from Germany in the 17th century, Bentschen was predominantly German-speaking until 1920. According to the German census of 1890, Bentschen had a population of 3,176, of which 200 (6.3%) were
726:
During the initial stage, the local inhabitants of Zbąszyń responded to the authorities' appeal and provided the refugees with warm water and some food. On the afternoon of the 30 October 1938, help arrived from Warsaw supplied by
773:
In 1939, frequent border violations by
Germany took place, and on 25 August, Germany halted international rail transport. On 1 September 1939, the day of the German invasion of Poland, which marked the beginning of
316:
842:
746:
The situation generated widespread outrage among the Jewish community in Poland, which conducted extensive efforts to help the internees in any way possible. It also prompted
1571:
433:
942:
812:
resistance organization, was arrested by the
Germans in 1941, and sentenced to death and executed the following year. In January 1945, a German-perpetrated
762:
businesses. The proceeds of such liquidation would have to be deposited in blocked accounts in
Germany from which withdrawals were practically impossible.
801:
739:, who were to form the General Jewish Aid Committee for Jewish Refugees from Germany in Poland, established several days later on the 4 November 1938.
794:
110 Poles, activists, officials and wealthier residents with entire families, whose homes were then handed over to German colonists as part of the
804:
camp for Jews in the town, and destroyed the pre-war monument dedicated to the Polish insurgents of the
Greater Poland uprising of 1918–1919. The
100:
1143:
1581:
1372:
1425:
758:, the anti-semitic pogrom of November 9–10, 1938. Eventually the Polish government finally allowed them, in stages, to enter the country.
429:
1207:
778:, at dawn, the Germans invaded the town, which was recaptured by the Poles in the morning, however, it soon fell to Germany. During the
805:
701:
401:
1071:
373:
1545:
907:
1420:
1233:
1530:
646:
1586:
1191:
787:
1510:
779:
877:
1500:
1495:
1344:
1540:
1490:
813:
791:
1460:
1445:
1267:
1183:
1054:
951:
1455:
1365:
1098:
Działalność społeczna Straży Granicznej na pograniczu polsko – niemieckim na przykładzie komisariatu SG w Zbąszyniu
821:
754:, a German Embassy official in Paris, on November 7, 1938, which in turn provided the Nazis an excuse to carry out
1550:
1535:
405:
389:
456:
71:
1576:
1430:
989:
1149:
1505:
1121:
52:
1334:
736:
276:
1358:
476:
1031:
972:
440:
330:
165:
42:
1180:
Wysiedlenia ludności polskiej z okupowanych ziem polskich włączonych do III Rzeszy w latach 1939-1945
708:
who did not hold German citizenship or had it taken away, and who originally hailed from Poland. The
413:
132:
1405:
903:
651:
152:
1470:
255:
334:
177:
855:
817:
718:
655:
468:
362:
265:
8:
1113:
1485:
969:
Atlas historyczny Polski. Wielkopolska w drugiej połowie XVI wieku. Część I. Mapy, plany
1381:
767:
747:
728:
444:
338:
189:
1475:
1263:
1187:
732:
472:
377:
1109:
950:(in Polish). Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 2011. p. 104. Archived from
867:
409:
400:
before 1311, making Zbąszyń one of the oldest towns in Poland. It was held by the
1016:(in Polish). Vol. X. Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 1932. p. 197.
944:
Stan i struktura ludności oraz ruch naturalny w przekroju terytorialnym w 2010 r.
662:
464:
460:
397:
309:
919:
893:
883:
751:
416:. By the early 15th century, Zbąszyń evolved as a centre of the Greater Polish
354:
1450:
1565:
1525:
1520:
871:
783:
755:
635:
631:
452:
115:
102:
1480:
775:
698:
421:
350:
384:
While the earliest mentions of the settlement date back to 1231, the name
1515:
1440:
710:
705:
642:
1338:
1283:
796:
1047:
Lista strat Powstania Wielkopolskiego od 27.12.1918 r. do 8.03.1920 r.
1435:
682:
246:
1465:
393:
358:
1050:
459:, it was regained by the Poles and included within the short-lived
425:
417:
990:"Deutsche Verwaltungsgeschichte Posen Brandenburg, Kreis Meseritz"
451:
and was administered as part of the newly established province of
897:
887:
832:
816:
of prisoners of various nationalities from the dissolved camp in
687:
666:
1350:
808:
was present in Zbąszyń. The co-founder of the local unit of the
1347:
from the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee Archives.
678:
674:
326:
272:
251:
172:
145:
1147:
Social and Political History of the Jews in Poland, 1919–1939
670:
184:
1309:
906:(born 1938), Polish former basketball player, member of the
1262:(in Polish). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni. 1998. p. 493.
691:
322:
840:
There is a historical and ethnographic museum in Zbąszyń (
1030:(in Polish). Vol. 3/4. Warszawa: Instytut Geografii
858:
club is Obra Zbąszyń. It competes in the lower leagues.
428:, administratively located in the Kościan County in the
297:
357:
historic region, about 75 km (47 mi) west of
1345:
Holdings related to German-Jewish expulsion to Zbąszyń
1014:
Wiadomości Statystyczne Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego
30:
1335:
Nazi Germany and the Jews: 1938 – “The Fateful Year”
479:, which passed through the town was built in 1870.
1120:, Relevant page available via Google Book Search:
467:, it was reannexed by Prussia and was part of the
1260:Encyklopedia konspiracji Wielkopolskiej 1939–1945
1044:
800:policy. The Germans operated a Nazi prison and a
1563:
1572:Cities and towns in Greater Poland Voivodeship
388:first appeared in a 1277 deed, issued by Duke
1366:
1045:Olszewski, Wiesław; Jastrząb, Łukasz (2008).
361:. Gmina Zbąszyń is part of the Polish-German
16:Place in Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland
1373:
1359:
1177:
1072:"Zbąszyń (miasto w powiecie nowotomyskim)"
665:, the town was located on the border with
1139:
1137:
971:(in Polish). Warszawa: Instytut Historii
843:Muzeum Ziemi Zbąszyńskiej i Regionu Kozła
1234:"Zwangsarbeitslager für Juden Bentschen"
831:
717:
645:, Poland regained independence, and the
372:
1103:
880:(1690–1756), Polish nobleman and writer
654:in 1920, according to the terms of the
1564:
1134:
984:
982:
496:
1354:
937:
935:
908:Poland men's national basketball team
1582:Populated riverside places in Poland
1066:
1064:
861:
722:Zbąszyń railway station in the 1930s
1118:The Racial State: Germany 1933–1945
979:
790:, and in December 1939 the Germans
337:. It is the administrative seat of
220:5.57 km (2.15 sq mi)
13:
1288:Muzeum Martyrologiczne w Żabikowie
932:
669:. International trains connecting
491:
14:
1598:
1380:
1328:
1061:
396:residence. Its citizens received
1404:
822:Sachsenhausen concentration camp
681:and the Polish-Soviet border at
308:
158:
138:
77:
70:
51:
41:
29:
1302:
1276:
1252:
1226:
1200:
1171:
1162:
1153:
1125:
750:, a Polish Jew, to assassinate
630:In 1871, it became part of the
457:Greater Poland uprising of 1806
78:
1090:
1038:
1020:
1006:
961:
650:eventually became part of the
443:in 1793 it became part of the
1:
1587:Holocaust locations in Poland
925:
463:. However in 1815, after the
786:population was subjected to
737:Joint Distribution Committee
477:Frankfurt-Posen railway line
447:, under the Germanized name
404:monarchs until in 1393 King
390:Przemysł I of Greater Poland
349:The town is situated on the
344:
7:
913:
810:Narodowa Organizacja Bojowa
241:1,300/km (3,400/sq mi)
10:
1603:
1178:Wardzyńska, Maria (2017).
1076:Instytut Pamięci Narodowej
1055:Politechniki Koszalińskiej
827:
806:Polish resistance movement
641:After Germany's defeat in
441:Second Partition of Poland
436:of the Kingdom of Poland.
368:
331:Greater Poland Voivodeship
1413:
1402:
1388:
1053:: Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
1028:Dokumentacja Geograficzna
849:
824:passed through the town.
623:
509:—
293:
283:
262:
245:
237:
229:
224:
216:
211:
203:
195:
183:
171:
151:
131:
96:
65:
37:
28:
21:
1208:"NS-Gefängnis Bentschen"
420:movement. Zbąszyń was a
380:Church of the Assumption
1182:(in Polish). Warszawa:
647:Greater Poland uprising
471:which later became the
455:. After the successful
434:Greater Poland Province
1100:, p. 41-42 (in Polish)
1032:Polskiej Akademii Nauk
973:Polskiej Akademii Nauk
837:
723:
652:Second Polish Republic
381:
835:
770:on 1 September 1939.
721:
483:Historical population
412:governor Jan Głowacz
406:Władysław II Jagiełło
376:
298:http://www.zbaszyn.pl
264: • Summer (
116:52.25306°N 15.91778°E
1096:Wojciech Grobelski,
957:on 13 November 2011.
904:Stanisław Olejniczak
656:Treaty of Versailles
469:Grand Duchy of Posen
363:Pomerania Euroregion
238: • Density
1159:Grobelski, p. 55-57
1114:Wolfgang Wippermann
1034:. 1967. p. 60.
975:. 2017. p. 1a.
484:
439:As a result of the
112: /
1577:Nowy Tomyśl County
1284:"Ewakuacja piesza"
838:
748:Herschel Grynszpan
729:Emanuel Ringelblum
724:
482:
445:Kingdom of Prussia
430:Poznań Voivodeship
382:
335:Nowy Tomyśl County
230: • Total
217: • Total
121:52.25306; 15.91778
1559:
1558:
1193:978-83-8098-174-4
878:Stefan Garczyński
862:Notable residents
836:Museum in Zbąszyń
780:German occupation
733:Yitzhak Gitterman
697:In October 1938,
628:
627:
473:Province of Posen
303:
302:
1594:
1486:Nowe Jastrzębsko
1471:Nowa Wieś Zbąska
1408:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1352:
1351:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1310:"obrazbaszyn.pl"
1306:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1175:
1169:
1168:Grobelski, p. 57
1166:
1160:
1157:
1151:
1141:
1132:
1131:Grobelski, p. 55
1129:
1123:
1110:Michael Burleigh
1107:
1101:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1068:
1059:
1058:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1001:
1000:
986:
977:
976:
965:
959:
958:
956:
949:
939:
868:Marcin Czechowic
702:decided to expel
498:
493:
485:
481:
408:ceded it to his
320:
319:
318:
311:
269:
164:
162:
161:
144:
142:
141:
127:
126:
124:
123:
122:
117:
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110:
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105:
81:
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74:
55:
45:
33:
19:
18:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1476:Nowa Wieś-Zamek
1409:
1400:
1384:
1379:
1331:
1326:
1325:
1315:
1313:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1293:
1291:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1270:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1243:
1241:
1238:Bundesarchiv.de
1232:
1231:
1227:
1217:
1215:
1212:Bundesarchiv.de
1206:
1205:
1201:
1194:
1186:. p. 156.
1176:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1142:
1135:
1130:
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1108:
1104:
1095:
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980:
967:
966:
962:
954:
947:
941:
940:
933:
928:
916:
864:
852:
830:
663:interwar period
465:Napoleonic Wars
461:Duchy of Warsaw
426:Polish nobility
398:town privileges
371:
347:
314:
313:
289:
263:
196:First mentioned
159:
157:
139:
137:
120:
118:
114:
111:
106:
103:
101:
99:
98:
92:
91:
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61:
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49:
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24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1600:
1590:
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1554:
1553:
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1543:
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1443:
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1433:
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1423:
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1401:
1399:
1398:
1392:
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1386:
1385:
1378:
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1370:
1363:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1342:
1330:
1329:External links
1327:
1324:
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1275:
1268:
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1225:
1199:
1192:
1170:
1161:
1152:
1133:
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1102:
1089:
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1057:. p. 175.
1037:
1019:
1005:
978:
960:
930:
929:
927:
924:
923:
922:
920:Henryk Rolirad
915:
912:
911:
910:
901:
894:Hans Petersson
891:
884:Otto Schmirgal
881:
875:
863:
860:
851:
848:
829:
826:
788:various crimes
768:invaded Poland
752:Ernst vom Rath
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355:Greater Poland
346:
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166:Greater Poland
155:
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135:
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76:
75:
69:
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67:
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1526:Stare Czeskie
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1521:Przyprostynia
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1426:Czerwony Dwór
1424:
1422:
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1416:
1412:
1407:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1389:Town and seat
1387:
1383:
1382:Gmina Zbąszyń
1376:
1371:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1357:
1356:
1353:
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1150:
1148:
1145:
1144:Joseph Marcus
1140:
1138:
1128:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1099:
1093:
1077:
1073:
1067:
1065:
1056:
1052:
1049:(in Polish).
1048:
1041:
1033:
1029:
1023:
1015:
1009:
995:
994:treemagic.org
991:
985:
983:
974:
970:
964:
953:
946:
945:
938:
936:
931:
921:
918:
917:
909:
905:
902:
900:mathematician
899:
896:(1902–1984),
895:
892:
889:
886:(1900–1944),
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:(1532–1613),
869:
866:
865:
859:
857:
847:
845:
844:
834:
825:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
802:forced labour
799:
798:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
771:
769:
763:
759:
757:
756:Kristallnacht
753:
749:
744:
740:
738:
734:
730:
720:
716:
713:
712:
707:
703:
700:
695:
693:
689:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
659:
657:
653:
648:
644:
639:
637:
633:
632:German Empire
622:
618:
615:
612:
611:
607:
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582:
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97:Coordinates:
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1546:Szklana Huta
1481:Nowe Czeskie
1395:
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57:Coat of arms
1531:Stefanowice
1516:Przychodzko
1451:Leśne Domki
1441:Ernestynowo
1312:(in Polish)
1294:26 November
1290:(in Polish)
1240:(in German)
1214:(in German)
1078:(in Polish)
814:death march
743:committee.
711:Polenaktion
706:German Jews
643:World War I
325:in western
284:Postal code
207:before 1311
204:Town rights
178:Nowy Tomyśl
153:Voivodeship
119: /
1566:Categories
1496:Nowy Świat
1339:Yad Vashem
999:2021-05-09
926:References
890:politician
874:theologian
854:The local
797:Lebensraum
225:Population
104:52°15′11″N
1551:Zakrzewko
1541:Strzyżewo
1536:Stefanowo
1511:Poświętne
1491:Nowy Dwór
1436:Edmundowo
1421:Chrośnica
1316:15 August
683:Negoreloe
449:Bentschen
345:Geography
247:Time zone
107:15°55′4″E
1414:Villages
1051:Koszalin
914:See also
856:football
818:Żabikowo
792:expelled
624:Source:
410:Masovian
1501:Perzyny
1456:Łomnica
1431:Dąbrowa
1396:Zbąszyń
1341:website
1337:on the
828:Culture
820:to the
735:of the
690:and 52
688:Germans
667:Germany
661:In the
432:in the
418:Hussite
392:at his
386:Sbansin
378:Baroque
369:History
306:Zbąszyń
294:Website
190:Zbąszyń
133:Country
85:Zbąszyń
23:Zbąszyń
1506:Piaski
1466:Nądnia
1266:
1244:30 May
1218:30 May
1190:
1082:30 May
898:German
888:German
872:Polish
850:Sports
784:Polish
782:, the
704:those
679:Warsaw
675:Berlin
619:+30.6%
608:+17.2%
597:−21.5%
586:+10.5%
575:+21.8%
553:+18.1%
542:+19.2%
531:+18.6%
475:. The
414:Nałęcz
402:Polish
394:Poznań
359:Poznań
327:Poland
288:64-360
173:County
163:
146:Poland
143:
1461:Morgi
1446:Kopce
955:(PDF)
948:(PDF)
677:with
671:Paris
636:Poles
616:7,211
605:5,521
594:4,711
583:6,000
572:5,432
564:−0.3%
561:4,460
550:4,473
539:3,787
528:3,176
520:+9.2%
517:2,677
506:2,451
333:, in
329:, in
321:is a
312:
273:UTC+2
252:UTC+1
233:7,211
185:Gmina
1318:2020
1296:2023
1264:ISBN
1246:2021
1220:2021
1188:ISBN
1084:2021
731:and
692:Jews
673:and
613:2010
602:1960
591:1950
580:1939
569:1931
558:1921
547:1910
536:1900
525:1890
514:1880
503:1871
492:Pop.
488:Year
351:Obra
323:town
277:CEST
212:Area
199:1231
47:Flag
1184:IPN
846:).
424:of
266:DST
256:CET
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