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638:(1936) that included a scathing attack on ideological bias in music criticism, Nejedlý expected his remaining followers to shun Helfert and condemn the publication. Hutter publicly sided with Helfert. During the Nazi occupation, both men were imprisoned by the Nazis: Helfert for Communist resistance (for which he was severely tortured, dying in May 1945) and Hutter for pro-Democratic resistance. After the war, Hutter returned to Charles University, but was expelled in 1950 and arrested on trumped-up charges. He was sentenced to thirty-nine years imprisonment, but served only six, having been released during an amnesty. His health broken, Hutter died in 1959, three years before his former teacher.
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446:, which ran for sixteen years, 1910–1927. From this vantage point Nejedlý launched the so-called "Dvořák Affair" (1911–1914), in which he sought to attack the legacy of the great composer; any contemporary artists who sided against him (especially the 31 musicians who signed a public petition in 1912) became the focus of fierce personal attacks. Beginning with
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in 1901 as a first attempt at gaining greater recognition for his mentor. That these efforts were directed against the musical establishment of Prague (who he felt had victimized
Smetana, Fibich, and Hostinský) was made clear by his first foray into music criticism that same year, in an attack on
563:'s Third Republic he was made Minister of Education, Arts, and Sciences, but this was exchanged for Social Security by 1946. After the Communist seizure of power (the “February Revolution”) in 1948 he returned to Culture and Education with enhanced powers, a post he kept until 1953.
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had turned many of his former adherents against him, most notably Vladimír
Helfert, whose work as a musicologist had outstripped his teacher's, and Josef Hutter, who had published on Ostrčil and Zich. When Helfert published a landmark monograph,
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after 1948, where he became the first
Minister of Culture and Education. In this position he was responsible for creating a statewide education curriculum, and was associated with the early 1950s expulsion of university professors.
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These factional divisions were to inspire Nejedlý throughout his whole career; in many ways he was personally responsible for perpetuating them for future generations, long after their currency in Czech musical society. His 1903
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When Nejedlý's music reviews for Prague's daily newspapers grew distasteful in their anti-Conservatory bias, he and his followers were precipitously banned from publication, forcing the group to found their own journal,
371:, whose personality and tastes had a profound effect on his young student. Although his first publications were devoted to Czech history, after Fibich's death in 1900 Nejedlý devoted himself to musicology, authoring a
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After approximately two years of
Communist dictatorship, the Czechoslovak Communist Party began a purge of its own party or former non-communist opponents, most notoriously manifested in the arrest and execution of
629:. For Nejedlý, this atmosphere provided an opportunity to settle old scores in the academic and musical community. Over ten years before, in the mid-1930s, Nejedlý's public attacks against artists such as
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and monographs on Ostrčil (1935, to commemorate his friend's death), the
National Theatre (1936), and Soviet music (1937). in 1932 he became chairman of another independent left-wing association, the
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stance toward Czech history was given the force of law. This included down-playing the achievements of the vanished democracy as a series of bourgeois trends that were ultimately damaging to society.
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It was also Nejedlý's chance to promote his passion for
Smetana and his "lineage", now enacted as state law. To this latter end he entered a new stage of retrospective publishing, with works like
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508:, which Ostrčil had produced in 1926. By this point, however, his many musicology students were among the main critics in Prague, carrying on his work on his behalf. After the close of
417:, all personal friends of Nejedlý's on the outs with the Prague establishment. Over the next decade he produced an extraordinary amount of writing on music, including monographs on pre-
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movement. His formal education in music began with Josef Šťastný at the Litomyšl
Gymnasium (1888–1896), alongside instruction in Czech history. In 1896 he moved to Prague to study at
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in 1913, Nejedlý sought to end the careers of composers who did not conform to his pro-Smetana views of modern tradition and social responsibility: other notable targets included
1046:
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Svatos, Thomas D. "A Clash over
Julietta: the Martinů/Nejedlý Political Conflict and Twentieth-Century Czech Critical Culture." ex tempore xiv/2, Spring/Summer (2009): 1-41.
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601:. These works and especially their ideology were retained, in some form or another, in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic all the way until the fall of Communism (the “
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composer and pedagogue Roman Nejedlý (1844–1920), Zdeněk Nejedlý had the good fortune to be born in Litomyšl, the historic birthplace of the composer
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castle, reserved for Czech heroes and significant representatives of Czech culture. His grave is near those of
Smetana, Ostrčil, and his son, Vít.
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429:(1913). In 1908 he began to lecture in musicology at Charles University, forming a circle of devoted young colleagues that included Zich and
259:
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Křesťan, Jiří. "'Poslední husita' odchází: Zdeněk Nejedlý v osidlech kulturní politiky KSČ po roce 1945" Soudobé dějiny xii/1 (2005): 9-44.
543:, where he supposedly helped Czech resistance activities from afar and officially joined the Communist Party in 1939. At this time, his son
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363:, finally receiving his doctorate in 1900. Hostinský, a great proponent of Smetana's music, suggested that Nejedlý study composition and
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Křesťan, Jiří. "Srdce Václava
Talicha se ztratilo: k problému národní očisty" . Soudobé dějiny xvi/1, 2-3 (2009): 69-111; 243–275.
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454:. Meanwhile, these tactics came back to haunt Nejedlý's own protégés, especially Ostrčil as director of Prague's
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555:, whose band he attempted to emulate. After the end of the war (and Vít's death of typhus after the battle of
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281:, historian, music critic, author, and politician whose ideas dominated the cultural life of what is now the
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559:, January 1945), Zdeněk Nejedlý returned to Prague to participate in the postwar government. Initially in
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These crucial years saw the implementation of a statewide curriculum at all levels of education: his
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in 1921, Nejedlý became one of its earliest and most outspoken supporters. With the exception of his
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journal, he turned away from mainstream journal publications, focusing on the Communist daily
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by at least two generations of students, many of whom had no connection to his musicology.
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Opera and Ideology in Prague: Polemics and Practice at the National Theatre, 1900-1938
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politics and cultural leadership made him a central figure in the early years of the
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students of Dvořák and the supposed inheritors of Smetana, including the composers
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The Communists—Inheritors of the Grand Progressive Tradition of the Czech Nation
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pieces and workers' choruses, was involved with a Czech brigade attached to the
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During the Nazi occupation of the Czech Lands, the Nejedlý family fled to the
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for most of the twentieth century. Although he started out merely reviewing
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Members of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
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425:(1911, notoriously excluding Dvořák), Hostinský (1907 and 1910), and
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and his wing of the Communist Party, and his own political journal,
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547:(1912–45), whose short career in Prague had focused on Communist
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717:Červinka, František. Zdeněk Nejedlý . Prague: Melantrich, 1969.
512:, his main involvements in music included a short polemic with
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Members of the National Assembly of Czechoslovakia (1960–1964)
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Members of the National Assembly of Czechoslovakia (1954–1960)
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Members of the National Assembly of Czechoslovakia (1948–1954)
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Members of the Constituent National Assembly of Czechoslovakia
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Zdeněk Nejedlý died on 9 March 1962, and was buried in the
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Members of the Interim National Assembly of Czechoslovakia
524:(from the following year, the association was called the
475:, where he supported the newly elected General Secretary
605:”) in 1989. As such, Nejedlý's name was associated with
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Czech musicologist, historian and politician (1878–1962)
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Czech Modern Music: A Study of Czech Musical Creativity
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Corresponding Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
681:, vol. 2 (Prague: Statní hudební vydavatelství, 1965)
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song (1904, 1907, and 1913), Smetana's operas 1908,
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Members of the German Academy of Sciences at Berlin
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293:period his status had risen, guided primarily by
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1052:Foreign members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
522:International Association of Marxist Historians
494:, and various other leaders; the last issue of
483:(Boiling, 1921–30). In these he chastised the
377:Zdenko Fibich, Founder of the Scenic Melodrama
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260:Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague
669:, Rochester, N.Y.: Boydell and Brewer, 2006
153:25 February 1948 – 31 January 1953
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69:Learn how and when to remove this message
936:1946 Czechoslovak parliamentary election
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498:was taken up with a detailed defense of
458:and Zich as a modernist opera composer.
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274:(10 February 1878 – 9 March 1962) was a
32:This article includes a list of general
520:, and from 1935 he was chairman of the
401:drew distinct battle lines between the
992:Government ministers of Czechoslovakia
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301:political views. This combination of
289:in Prague newspapers in 1901, by the
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118:5 April 1945 – 2 July 1946
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977:People from the Kingdom of Bohemia
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38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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761:First Cabinet of Klement Gottwald
107:Minister of Culture and Education
616:The Show Trials and Josef Hutter
423:Czech Modern Opera Since Smetana
367:with his like-minded colleague,
347:, where he attended lectures in
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982:Czech Realist Party politicians
570:Zdeněk Nejedlý in February 1948
437:Polemics and the Interwar Years
307:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
703:Československý hudební slovník
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684:
679:Československý hudební slovník
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461:After the legalization of the
97:Zdeněk Nejedlý in March, 1927.
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941:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état
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535:Wartime and Postwar Communism
1062:Burials at Vyšehrad Cemetery
692:Opera and Ideology in Prague
585:Nejedlý and his wife in 1945
463:Czechoslovak Communist Party
393:shortly after its premiere.
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591:The History of My Smetanism
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399:History of Czech Music
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595:On Czech Culture
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477:Klement Gottwald
456:National Theatre
431:Vladimír Helfert
361:Otakar Hostinský
357:music aesthetics
341:National Revival
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221:(1962-03-09)
219:9 March 1962
169:Succeeded by
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136:Succeeded by
113:
65:
59:January 2022
56:
37:
967:1962 deaths
962:1878 births
875:Jan Masaryk
764: [
576:revisionist
545:Vít Nejedlý
415:Otakar Zich
331:Son of the
159:Preceded by
124:Preceded by
51:introducing
956:Categories
899:Jan Šrámek
832:Petr Zenkl
653:References
518:Left Front
500:Alban Berg
472:Rudé právo
349:positivist
297:and later
255:Alma mater
195:1878-02-10
34:references
844:Ministers
779:President
502:'s opera
452:Josef Suk
375:entitled
373:monograph
314:Biography
303:left wing
299:Communist
295:socialist
149:In office
114:In office
647:Vyšehrad
610:hegemony
553:Red Army
549:agitprop
485:interwar
291:interwar
202:Litomyšl
919:Related
505:Wozzeck
467:Smetana
444:Smetana
419:Hussite
390:Rusalka
47:improve
910:(ind.)
878:(ind.)
862:(ČSSD)
835:(ČSNS)
413:, and
287:operas
246:Spouse
226:Prague
36:, but
902:(ČSL)
894:(KSČ)
886:(KSČ)
870:(KSČ)
854:(KSČ)
772:]
557:Dukla
514:Novák
386:opera
359:with
276:Czech
791:ČSNS
625:and
355:and
216:Died
189:Born
814:KSČ
510:Var
496:Var
481:Var
384:'s
958::
770:de
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766:cs
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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