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responsibilities than it had possessed in the 1947 document. Permanent commissions were to supervise the work of ministries, and legislation could now be submitted by labor and youth groups (all of which were party-controlled). In practice, the
National Assembly only met for three brief sessions per year, during which it merely rubber-stamped legislation and BCP nominations for the State Council, Supreme Court, and Council of Ministers. When the National Assembly was not in session, the State Council had the power to issue decrees without even the theoretical requirement of submitting them to the National Assembly for approval at its next session. In most other Communist regimes, the legislature at least theoretically had the power of veto in such circumstances, though it was almost never exercised in practice.
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obligations included working according to one's ability to build the foundation of the socialist state and defend the state, compulsory military service, and paying taxes. The new constitution also defined four forms of property: state, cooperative, public organization, and private. Private property was limited to that needed for individual and family upkeep.
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Most of the governmental structure specified in the
Dimitrov Constitution remained, but the State Council replaced the Presidium as the supreme organ of state power. This council consisted of a chairman--a post equivalent to that of president--and 22 members. The State Council was more powerful than
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The 1971 constitution defined
Bulgaria as a socialist state with membership in the international socialist community. Like its predecessor, it granted broad citizens' rights, but these rights were limited by the requirement that they be exercised only in the interest of the state. Citizens'
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The
National Assembly, traditional center of political power in Bulgaria until the 1947 constitution stripped it of power, was defined as the highest organ of state power, with the State Council officially defined as an executive committee of the Assembly. It nominally received greater
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to give up its monopoly of power. This was formally done on
January 15, 1990; when the National Assembly struck out Article 1, which enshrined the BCP's "leading role" in the state. In April, the State Council was abolished and replaced by the post of president of the republic.
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the
Presidium because it could initiate as well as approve legislation, and because it exercised some of the non-governmental supervision normally delegated to ruling parties in East European communist states of that period. Council members, nominally elected by the
628:" within the party. Zhivkov and his colleagues were determined to reassure the Soviets that there would not be a Bulgarian version of the Prague Spring. A major result of the events of 1968 was the decision to replace the
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A new State
Council was created to oversee the Council of Ministers and exercise supreme executive authority. In 1971, Zhivkov, prime minister since 1962, resigned to become chairman of the
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The proposed changes were discussed and approved by a commission chaired by
Zhivkov. After receiving the assent of the Tenth Party Congress, it was approved via a
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Participants in national round table discussions eventually agreed on the need for a completely new constitution, which took effect on July 12, 1991.
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The text of the
Constitution of 1971 as amended in 1990 in Bulgarian at the site of the Bulgarian Parliament.
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Glenn E. Curtis (June 1992). "Government and
Politics: Government Structure". In Curtis, Glenn E. (ed.).
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Glenn E. Curtis (June 1992). "Government and Politics: The Zhivkov Era". In Curtis, Glenn E. (ed.).
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Glenn E. Curtis (June 1992). "Historical Setting: The Zhivkov Era". In Curtis, Glenn E. (ed.).
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as a pretext to tighten control over all social organizations and heavily re-emphasize "
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Zhivkov was forced to resign on November 10, 1989. A month later, his successor,
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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Constitutional Foundation of Bulgaria (Historical Parallels)
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833:"Todor Zhivkov Dies at 86; Ruled Bulgaria for 35 Years"
666:, were members of the BCP or other mass organizations.
609:. It was in effect from May 18, 1971 to July 12, 1991.
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902:"Petar Mladenov, Bulgarian Communist Leader, 63"
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601:: ΠΠΈΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡ) was the third
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