570:
1304:
860:
1112:
1526:
984:
779:
868:
1336:
952:
428:
417:
254:
2868:
1240:
920:
1208:
1400:
654:
1641:
1080:
1368:
1721:
1272:
1176:
1432:
1048:
1016:
1144:
146:
715:
1677:, and West GreenlandâEast Canada. It was further estimated that approximately 84% of the oil and gas would occur offshore. The USGS did not consider economic factors such as the effects of permanent sea ice or oceanic water depth in its assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources. This assessment was lower than a 2000 survey, which had included lands south of the Arctic Circle.
332:
1514:
627:
production restrictions. The curve can be expressed mathematically or plotted on a graph to estimate future production. It has the advantage of (implicitly) including all reservoir characteristics. It requires a sufficient history to establish a statistically significant trend, ideally when production is not curtailed by regulatory or other artificial conditions.
507:
548:
number. Current recovery factors for oil fields around the world typically range between 10 and 60 percent; some are over 80 percent. The wide variance is due largely to the diversity of fluid and reservoir characteristics for different deposits. The method is most useful early in the life of the reservoir, before significant production has occurred.
561:
that depends on the remaining volume of oil and gas. The method requires extensive pressure-volume-temperature analysis and an accurate pressure history of the field. It requires some production to occur (typically 5% to 10% of ultimate recovery), unless reliable pressure history can be used from a field with similar rock and fluid characteristics.
307:" (PUD). PD reserves are reserves that can be produced with existing wells and perforations, or from additional reservoirs where minimal additional investment (operating expense) is required. PUD reserves require additional capital investment (e.g., drilling new wells) to bring the oil to the surface.
547:
attempt to determine the amount of oil in place by using the size of the reservoir as well as the physical properties of its rocks and fluids. Then a recovery factor is assumed, using assumptions from fields with similar characteristics. OIP is multiplied by the recovery factor to arrive at a reserve
262:
All reserve estimates involve uncertainty, depending on the amount of reliable geologic and engineering data available and the interpretation of that data. The relative degree of uncertainty can be expressed by dividing reserves into two principal classificationsâ"proven" (or "proved") and "unproven"
1708:
and tight gas resources in shale formations, "Technically
Recoverable Shale Oil and Shale Gas Resources: An Assessment of 137 Shale Formations in 41 Countries Outside the United States." The inventory is incomplete due to exclusion of tight oil and gas from sources other than shale such as sandstone
493:
deposits. Unlike "conventional resources", in which the petroleum is recovered through wellbores and typically requires minimal processing prior to sale, unconventional resources require specialized extraction technology to produce. For example, steam and/or solvents are used to mobilize bitumen for
347:
Unproven reserves are based on geological and/or engineering data similar to that used in estimates of proven reserves, but technical, contractual, or regulatory uncertainties preclude such reserves being classified as proven. Unproven reserves may be used internally by oil companies and government
2389:
PennWell
Corporation, Oil & Gas Journal, Vol. 105.48 (December 24, 2007), except United States. Oil includes crude oil and condensate. Data for the United States are from the Energy Information Administration, U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves, 2006 Annual Report,
626:
uses production data to fit a decline curve and estimate future oil production. The three most common forms of decline curves are exponential, hyperbolic, and harmonic. It is assumed that the production will decline on a reasonably smooth curve, and so allowances must be made for wells shut in and
560:
for an oil field uses an equation that relates the volume of oil, water and gas that has been produced from a reservoir and the change in reservoir pressure to calculate the remaining oil. It assumes that, as fluids from the reservoir are produced, there will be a change in the reservoir pressure
454:
accumulations, but the applied project(s) are not yet considered mature enough for commercial development due to one or more contingencies. Contingent resources may include, for example, projects for which there are no viable markets, or where commercial recovery is dependent on technology under
373:
reserves are attributed to known accumulations that have a less likely chance of being recovered than probable reserves. This term is often used for reserves which are claimed to have at least a 10% certainty of being produced ("P10"). Reasons for classifying reserves as possible include varying
322:
do not disclose verifying data to support their claims. Since
January 2010 the SEC now allows companies to also provide additional optional information declaring 2P (both proven and probable) and 3P (proven plus probable plus possible) provided the evaluation is verified by qualified third party
1521:
Since OPEC started to set production quotas on the basis of reserves levels in the 1980s, many of its members have reported significant increases in their official reserves. There are doubts about the reliability of these estimates, which are not provided with any form of verification that meet
374:
interpretations of geology, reserves not producible at commercial rates, uncertainty due to reserve infill (seepage from adjacent areas) and projected reserves based on future recovery methods. The cumulative amount of proven, probable and possible resources are referred to in the industry as "
477:
recoverable resources when making its petroleum resource assessments. Technically recoverable resources represent that proportion of assessed in-place petroleum that may be recoverable using current recovery technology, without regard to cost. Economically recoverable resources are technically
257:
Schematic graph illustrating petroleum volumes and probabilities. Curves represent categories of oil in assessment. There is a 95% chance (i.e., probability, F95) of at least volume V1 of economically recoverable oil, and there is a 5-percent chance (F05) of at least volume V2 of economically
1533:
The sudden revisions in OPEC reserves, totaling nearly 300 bn barrels, have been much debated. Some of it is defended partly by the shift in ownership of reserves away from international oil companies, some of whom were obliged to report reserves under conservative US Securities and
Exchange
292:(normally at least 90% confidence) of being recoverable under existing economic and political conditions, with existing technology. Industry specialists refer to this as "P90" (that is, having a 90% certainty of being produced). Proven reserves are also known in the industry as "
390:, reserves categories A, B, and C1 correspond roughly to proved developed producing, proved developed nonproducing, and proved undeveloped, respectively; the designation ABC1 corresponds to proved reserves. The Russian category C2 includes probable and possible reserves.
1660:
liquids in 25 geologically defined areas thought to have potential for petroleum. This represented 13% of the expected undiscovered oil in the world. Of the estimated totals, more than half of the undiscovered oil resources were estimated to occur in just three geologic
362:
reserves are attributed to known accumulations and claim a 50% confidence level of recovery. Industry specialists refer to them as "P50" (i.e., having a 50% certainty of being produced). The sum of proven plus probable reserves is also referred to in the industry as
1709:
or carbonates, formations underlying the large oil fields located in the Middle East and the
Caspian region, off shore formations, or about which there is little information. Estimated technically recoverable shale oil resources total 335 to 345 billion barrels.
263:(or "unproved"). Unproven reserves can further be divided into two subcategoriesâ"probable" and "possible"âto indicate the relative degree of uncertainty about their existence. The most commonly accepted definitions of these are based on those approved by the
1534:
Commission rules. The most prominent explanation of the revisions is prompted by a change in OPEC rules which set production quotas (partly) on reserves. In any event, the revisions in official data had little to do with the actual discovery of new reserves.
582:(green line), and gas depletion (red line). The X axis is a coordinate scale, indicating time in years and displays the production decline curve. The top red line is the gas decline curve, which is a hyperbolic decline curve. Gas is measured in
2390:
DOE/EIA-0216(2007) (November 2007). Oil & Gas
Journal's oil reserve estimate for Canada includes 5.392 billion barrels (857,300,000 m) of conventional crude oil and condensate reserves and 173.2 billion barrels (2.754
164:, which include all oil that can be technically recovered at any price. Reserves may be for a well, a reservoir, a field, a nation, or the world. Different classifications of reserves are related to their degree of certainty.
231:
have increased the accuracy of these techniques, significant uncertainties still remain. In general, most early estimates of the reserves of an oil field are conservative and tend to grow with time. This phenomenon is called
408:, approximately 4.1 billion barrels (650,000,000 m) of oil are held in strategic reserves, of which 1.4 billion is government-controlled. These reserves are generally not counted when computing a nation's oil reserves.
1596:, has estimated that Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates have overstated reserves by a combined 320â390bn barrels and has said, "As for Iran, the usually accepted official 132 billion barrels (2.10
635:
Experience shows that initial estimates of the size of newly discovered oil fields are usually too low. As years pass, successive estimates of the ultimate recovery of fields tend to increase. The term
1865:
2702:
Christopher J. Schenk; Troy A. Cook; Ronald R. Charpentier; Richard M. Pollastro; Timothy R. Klett; Marilyn E. Tennyson; Mark A. Kirschbaum; Michael E. Brownfield; Janet K. Pitman. (11 January 2010).
854:
1557: m) and did not make any important new discoveries during that period. The case of Saudi Arabia is also striking, with proven reserves estimated at between 260 and 264 billion barrels (4.20
1818:
3085:
1505:
It is estimated that between 100 and 135 billion tonnes (which equals between 133 and 180 billions m of oil) of the world's oil reserves have been used between 1850 and the present.
526:. The portion that can be recovered is considered to be a reserve. The portion that is not recoverable is not included unless and until methods are implemented to produce it.
1872:
2407:
478:
recoverable petroleum for which the costs of discovery, development, production, and transport, including a return to capital, can be recovered at a given market price.
193:. Determining a recovery factor for a given field depends on several features of the operation, including method of oil recovery used and technological developments.
2166:
1614: m), of which half were proven and half were possible. The combined value of proven and possible is half of the official public estimate of proven reserves.
435:
A more sophisticated system of evaluating petroleum accumulations was adopted in 2007 by the
Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE), World Petroleum Council (WPC),
3092:
1673:. More than 70% of the mean undiscovered oil resources was estimated to occur in five provinces: Arctic Alaska, Amerasia Basin, East Greenland Rift Basins,
462:
accumulations by application of future development projects. Prospective resources have both an associated chance of discovery and a chance of development.
1588: m) of proven reserves should be recategorized as speculative resources, though he did not specify which countries had inflated their reserves. Dr.
160:
that can be technically recovered at a cost that is financially feasible at the present price of oil. Hence reserves will change with the price, unlike
3234:
3180:
1537:
Total reserves in many OPEC countries hardly changed in the 1990s. Official reserves in Kuwait, for example, were unchanged at 96.5 Gbbl (15.34
494:
in-situ recovery. Moreover, the extracted petroleum may require significant processing prior to sale (e.g., bitumen upgraders). The total amount of
2917:
1786:
578:
software, utilized in petroleum economics to indicate the depletion of oil & gas in a ] The Y axis is a semi log scale, indicating the rate of
2032:
318:
allowed oil companies to report to investors. Companies listed on U.S. stock exchanges must substantiate their claims, but many governments and
2754:"Technically Recoverable Shale Oil and Shale Gas Resources: An Assessment of 137 Shale Formations in 41 Countries Outside the United States"
2572:
586:(thousand cubic feet in this case). The lower Blue line is the oil decline curve, which is an exponential decline curve. Oil is measured in
1759:
498:
resources in the world considerably exceeds the amount of conventional oil reserves, but are much more difficult and expensive to develop.
436:
404:
Many countries maintain government-controlled oil reserves for both economic and national security reasons. According to the United States
3187:
439:(AAPG), and Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers (SPEE). It incorporates the 1997 definitions for reserves, but adds categories for
2796:
245:
for their oil reserves. The numbers disclosed by some national governments are suspected of being manipulated for political reasons.
569:
1116:
787:
2780:
594:). Data is from actual sales, not pumped production. The dips to zero indicate there were no sales that month, likely because the
126:
114:
2892:
1547: m) (including its share of the Neutral Zone) from 1991 to 2002, even though the country produced more than 8 Gbbl (1.3
2234:
1997:
1781:
801:
185:, only a fraction of this oil can be brought to the surface, and it is only this producible fraction that is considered to be
3214:
3078:
2327:
2068:
130:
110:
606:
displays CUM, which is the cumulative gas or oil produced. ULT is the ultimate recovery projected for the well. Pv10 is the
122:
458:
Prospective resources are those quantities of petroleum estimated, as of a given date, to be potentially recoverable from
1739:
1631:
481:"Unconventional resources" exist in petroleum accumulations that are pervasive throughout a large area. Examples include
450:
Contingent resources are those quantities of petroleum estimated, as of a given date, to be potentially recoverable from
399:
2937:
2824:
2354:
2173:
315:
2289:
2857:
2136:
2102:
1701:
1340:
765:
696:
405:
1561:
10 m) in the past 18 years, a variation of less than 2%, while extracting approximately 60 billion barrels (9.5
640:
refers to the typical increases in estimated ultimate recovery that occur as oil fields are developed and produced.
3117:
1648:
A 2008 United States
Geological Survey estimates that areas north of the Arctic Circle have 90 billion barrels (1.4
1604:
reported that official confidential
Kuwaiti documents estimate reserves of Kuwait were only 48 billion barrels (7.6
663:
466:
522:
2346:
782:
Trends in proved oil reserves in top five countries, 1980-2013 (date from US Energy
Information Administration)
264:
3219:
1617:
In July 2011, OPEC's Annual Statistical Review showed Venezuela's reserves to be larger than Saudi Arabia's.
747:
2739:
2274:
2220:
1919:
1593:
1489:
956:
2701:
3209:
431:
Cumulative oil production plus remaining reserves and undiscovered resources. United States not included.
1568:
Sadad al-Huseini, former head of exploration and production at Saudi Aramco, estimates 300 Gbbl (48
200:
at the beginning of 2013 the highest proved oil reserves including non-conventional oil deposits are in
2973:
2753:
2406:
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) â U.S. Government â U.S. Dept. of Energy, September, 2011
455:
development, or where evaluation of the accumulation is insufficient to clearly assess commerciality.
1670:
924:
730:
88:
37:
2791:
2320:
2204:
1903:
241:
Many oil-producing nations do not reveal their reservoir engineering field data and instead provide
2785:
2688:
2470:
1635:
607:
520:(OIP). Only a fraction of this oil can be recovered from a reservoir. This fraction is called the
2418:
1212:
535:
348:
agencies for future planning purposes but are not routinely compiled. They are sub-classified as
323:
consultants, though many companies choose to use 2P and 3P estimates only for internal purposes.
268:
182:
3099:
2817:
2625:"90 Billion Barrels of Oil and 1,670 Trillion Cubic Feet of Natural Gas Assessed in the Arctic"
1734:
1148:
1084:
988:
667:
575:
224:
205:
3341:
3239:
3173:
3003:
2968:
2847:
2395:
2307:
2191:
1890:
1690:
1180:
228:
178:
77:
26:
2646:
1976:
3145:
3050:
1954:
1589:
1111:
1052:
1020:
319:
189:. The ratio of reserves to the total amount of oil in a particular reservoir is called the
2661:
2448:
2369:
859:
678:
8:
3138:
3018:
2978:
2887:
2882:
2852:
63:
587:
3204:
3071:
2988:
2703:
2676:
1754:
1674:
495:
420:
2597:
1847:
3346:
3130:
3023:
2902:
2810:
2722:
2350:
2257:
2242:
2132:
2098:
2064:
1525:
725:
21:
3008:
2624:
2993:
2704:"An Estimate of Recoverable Heavy Oil Resources of the Orinoco Oil Belt, Venezuela"
2152:
1771:
1652:
10 m) of undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and 44 billion barrels (7.0
2492:
3300:
3249:
3123:
3033:
3028:
2998:
2983:
2942:
1776:
1744:
482:
311:
280:
3166:
3064:
3013:
2952:
1933:
1666:
1244:
867:
778:
213:
3335:
3295:
3280:
2947:
2912:
2907:
2897:
2422:
2095:
Nontechnical Guide to Petroleum Geology, Exploration, Drilling and Production
1726:
1662:
1335:
579:
168:
84:
33:
227:
must be used to estimate the size and recoverability of the resource. While
3224:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2550:
1805:
951:
611:
603:
539:
516:
427:
416:
173:
118:
2290:"Enhanced Oil Recovery using Carbon Dioxide in the European Energy System"
798:= barrel of oil. A sample calculation for the reserve/production ratio is
253:
3275:
3151:
2529:
1657:
1404:
2867:
3315:
3310:
3057:
2788:, including many charts and graphs on the world's energy supply and use
1436:
1372:
1239:
793:
599:
591:
583:
145:
3320:
3305:
3290:
3270:
1705:
1640:
1308:
1276:
919:
490:
201:
157:
1600:
10 m) is almost one hundred billion over any realistic assay."
1492:(in years), calculated as reserves / annual production. (from above)
614:
of the remaining lease, valued for this oil well at $ 1.089 million
3285:
3265:
2833:
2511:
1749:
598:
did not produce a full tank, and thus was not worth a visit from a
595:
486:
336:
674:
3159:
1720:
1399:
1207:
220:
2622:
2450:
WORLD ENERGY OUTLOOK 2005:Middle East and North Africa Insights
1431:
1367:
1143:
1079:
983:
387:
340:
331:
209:
171:, including both producible and non-producible oil, is called
3244:
1303:
1271:
1175:
2573:"Venezuela Oil Reserves Surpassed Saudi Arabia In 2010-OPEC"
2129:
Standard Handbook Of Petroleum & Natural Gas Engineering
510:
Example of a production decline curve for an individual well
506:
3229:
2802:
2786:
Energy Supply page on the Global Education Project web site
1686:
1047:
1015:
197:
2530:"Oil reserves over-inflated by 300bn barrels â al-Huseini"
2394:
10 m) of oil sands reserves. Information collated by
66:
to this revision, which may differ significantly from the
2759:. U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). June 2013
2662:"USGS: 25% Arctic oil, gas estimate a reporter's mistake"
2623:
United States Geological Survey, (USGS) (July 27, 2008).
615:
2033:"Glossary of Terms Used in Petroleum Reserves/Resources"
1871:. U.S. Energy Information Administration. Archived from
871:
Most of the world's oil reserves are in the Middle East.
849:{\displaystyle (296.5\times 1000)/(2.1\times 365)=386.8}
1680:
1513:
2456:. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY. 2005. pp. 125â126.
2241:. U.S. Department of Energy. June 2008. Archived from
2058:
1811:
1704:
published a global inventory of estimated recoverable
514:
The amount of oil in a subsurface reservoir is called
68:
1866:"The Intricate Puzzle of Oil and Gas Reserves Growth"
804:
1716:
343:, which has the world's third largest oil reserves.
3235:Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries
3181:The Power of Community: How Cuba Survived Peak Oil
1863:
848:
564:
2473:. Petroleum Intelligence Weekly. January 30, 2006
97:
52:
3333:
2918:Oil and gas reserves and resource quantification
1787:List of countries by natural gas proven reserves
643:
2553:. ASPO-USA's Peak Oil Review. February 20, 2006
2059:Wright, Charlotte J.; Rebecca A Gallun (2008).
1625:
393:
223:of the subsurface cannot be examined directly,
2695:
2370:"World Proved Reserves of Oil and Natural Gas"
2131:. Gulf Professional Publishing. pp. 5â6.
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
1644:Location of Arctic Basins assessed by the USGS
288:reserves are those reserves claimed to have a
2818:
2471:"Oil Reserves Accounting: The Case Of Kuwait"
2340:
735:The table in this section presently presents
423:resources are greater than conventional ones.
381:
299:Proven reserves are further subdivided into "
2465:
2463:
2372:. US Energy Information Administration. 2007
1806:Petroleum reserves and resources definitions
1693:, in Venezuela, to 513 billion barrels (8.16
1578: m) of the world's 1,200 Gbbl (190
437:American Association of Petroleum Geologists
3188:What a Way to Go: Life at the End of Empire
2746:
2664:. Vol. Vol. 12, No. 42. Petroleum News
2659:
2295:. European Commission Joint Research Center
2164:
2018:
1859:
1857:
551:
2825:
2811:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2287:
2097:. PennWell Corporation. pp. 431â449.
2063:(5 ed.). PenWell Books. p. 750.
876:Summary of Proven Reserve Data as of 2012
677:. Please do not remove this message until
2543:
2460:
2341:Green, Don W.; Willhite, G. Paul (1998),
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2054:
2052:
766:Learn how and when to remove this message
697:Learn how and when to remove this message
2598:"OPEC Share of World Crude Oil Reserves"
2165:Alboudwarej; et al. (Summer 2006).
2061:Fundamentals of Oil & Gas Accounting
1854:
1639:
1620:
1524:
1512:
866:
858:
788:List of countries by proven oil reserves
777:
673:Relevant discussion may be found on the
568:
505:
501:
426:
415:
378:" (proven plus probable plus possible).
330:
252:
167:The total estimated amount of oil in an
144:
47:
2644:
2522:
2509:
2428:
2235:"Defining the Limits of Oil Production"
2088:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
1977:"Petroleum Resources Management System"
1848:"OPEC Share of World Oil Reserves 2010"
75:
14:
3334:
2570:
2510:Maugeri, Leonardo (January 23, 2006).
2111:
2049:
2038:. Society of Petroleum Engineers. 2005
2007:. Society of Petroleum Engineers. 1997
1979:. Society of Petroleum Engineers. 2007
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1842:
1840:
1782:World energy resources and consumption
1702:U.S. Energy Information Administration
76:Revision as of 07:51, 21 June 2019 by
3215:International Renewable Energy Agency
2806:
2792:Oil reserves (most recent) by country
2408:EIA - International Energy Statistics
2126:
2005:Petroleum Resources Management System
44:
25:
2799:BP Statistical Review of Energy 2013
2490:
2092:
2077:
1681:Unconventional prospective resources
708:
647:
529:
326:
234:
17:
2893:Global energy crisis (2021âpresent)
2647:"Oil Survey Says Arctic Has Riches"
2281:
1960:
1837:
1740:Global strategic petroleum reserves
1632:Petroleum exploration in the Arctic
863:Countries with largest oil reserves
400:global strategic petroleum reserves
242:
139:
108:
2938:Renewable energy commercialization
2797:Statistical Review of World Energy
630:
316:Securities and Exchange Commission
274:
248:
149:A map of world oil reserves, 2013.
140:
3358:
2858:Predicting the timing of peak oil
2774:
2493:"How much oil do we really have?"
2425:, 8 May 2009. Retrieved Mar 2014.
2239:International Energy Outlook 2008
2172:. Oilfield Review. Archived from
1508:
406:Energy Information Administration
183:petroleum extraction technologies
142:proven oil reserves in the ground
62:. The present address (URL) is a
3118:A Crude Awakening: The Oil Crash
2866:
2781:OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin
2660:Alan Bailey (October 21, 2007).
2551:"On Middle Eastern Oil Reserves"
2512:"The Saudis May Have Enough Oil"
2151:Society of Petroleum Engineers,
1998:"Petroleum Reserves Definitions"
1804:Society of Petroleum Engineers,
1719:
1592:, a former senior expert of the
1430:
1398:
1366:
1334:
1302:
1270:
1238:
1206:
1174:
1142:
1110:
1078:
1046:
1014:
982:
950:
918:
713:
652:
2653:
2638:
2616:
2590:
2571:Faucon, Benoit (18 July 2011).
2564:
2503:
2484:
2412:
2400:
2383:
2362:
2334:
2227:
2158:
2145:
1565:10 m) during this period.
1522:external reporting standards.
1461:Total of top seventeen reserves
565:Production decline curve method
467:United States Geological Survey
2645:MOUAWAD, JAD (July 24, 2008).
2347:Society of Petroleum Engineers
2326:CS1 maint: extra punctuation (
1990:
1947:
1926:
1798:
1529:Oil reserves of OPEC 1980â2005
837:
825:
817:
805:
743:, according to SPE definition.
265:Society of Petroleum Engineers
212:(13% of global reserves), and
98:ââArctic prospective resources
53:ââArctic prospective resources
13:
1:
3220:Oil Depletion Analysis Centre
2491:Adam, Porter (15 July 2005).
1792:
1602:Petroleum Intelligence Weekly
644:Estimated reserves by country
2832:
1689:updated the quantity of the
1626:Arctic prospective resources
1594:National Iranian Oil Company
411:
394:Strategic petroleum reserves
314:were the only type the U.S.
7:
3210:International Energy Agency
1864:David F. Morehouse (1997).
1760:Strategic Petroleum Reserve
1712:
1490:Reserve to Production ratio
1476:
1452:
1420:
1388:
1356:
1324:
1292:
1260:
1228:
1196:
1164:
1132:
1100:
1068:
1036:
1004:
972:
940:
733:. The specific problem is:
679:conditions to do so are met
574:Decline curve generated by
24:of this page, as edited by
10:
3363:
2419:How Much Oil Have We Used?
2127:Lyons, William C. (2005).
1671:East Greenland Rift Basins
1629:
785:
533:
397:
382:Russian reserve categories
367:" (proven plus probable).
278:
208:(18% of global reserves),
204:(20% of global reserves),
95:
50:
3258:
3197:
3109:
3042:
2961:
2875:
2864:
2840:
1819:"Oil reserve definitions"
1481:
907:Reserve/ Production Ratio
310:Until December 2009 "1P"
179:reservoir characteristics
2167:"Highlighting Heavy Oil"
2093:Hyne, Norman J. (2001).
1936:. moneyterms.co.uk. 2008
1808:, accessed 24 Feb. 2017.
1636:Arctic methane emissions
608:discounted present value
558:materials balance method
552:Materials balance method
102:Arctic methane emissions
57:Arctic methane emissions
536:Extraction of petroleum
269:World Petroleum Council
3100:Twilight in the Desert
2736:|name-list-style=
2732:|last-author-amp=
2315:Cite journal requires
2199:Cite journal requires
2153:SPE Reserves Committee
1957:, 2011, Harper Collins
1898:Cite journal requires
1735:Decline curve analysis
1645:
1530:
1518:
872:
864:
850:
783:
619:
576:decline curve analysis
511:
432:
424:
344:
320:national oil companies
259:
177:. However, because of
150:
3240:Post Carbon Institute
3004:James Howard Kunstler
2969:Albert Allen Bartlett
2848:Fossil fuel phase-out
2343:Enhanced Oil Recovery
1934:"Proven Oil Reserves"
1766:Energy and resources:
1685:In October 2009, the
1643:
1621:Prospective resources
1528:
1516:
870:
862:
851:
781:
610:of 10%, which is the
572:
534:Further information:
509:
502:Estimation techniques
445:prospective resources
430:
419:
334:
256:
156:denote the amount of
148:
3174:PetroApocalypse Now?
3146:Escape from Suburbia
3051:The Limits to Growth
1955:Leah McGrath Goodman
1590:Ali Samsam Bakhtiari
1117:United Arab Emirates
802:
748:improve this section
729:to meet Knowledge's
624:decline curve method
441:contingent resources
290:reasonable certainty
3139:The End of Suburbia
3019:Dale Allen Pfeiffer
2979:Kenneth S. Deffeyes
2888:2000s energy crisis
2883:1970s energy crisis
2853:Hubbert peak theory
2288:E. Tzimas, (2005).
1675:East Barents Basins
877:
666:of this section is
225:indirect techniques
196:Based on data from
181:and limitations in
115:â Previous revision
45:07:51, 21 June 2019
3205:Energy Watch Group
3072:The Long Emergency
2989:John Michael Greer
2730:Unknown parameter
2532:. October 30, 2007
2265:Unknown parameter
2211:Unknown parameter
1910:Unknown parameter
1755:Petroleum Industry
1646:
1531:
1519:
875:
873:
865:
846:
784:
620:
602:. The upper right
545:Volumetric methods
512:
496:unconventional oil
433:
425:
421:Unconventional oil
345:
305:proven undeveloped
260:
151:
3329:
3328:
3110:Documentary films
3024:Richard Rainwater
2974:Colin J. Campbell
2903:Export Land Model
2876:Results/responses
2649:. New York Times.
2271:|url-status=
2217:|url-status=
2070:978-1-59370-137-6
1916:|url-status=
1878:on August 6, 2010
1700:In June 2013 the
1691:Orinoco tar sands
1503:
1502:
1498:
1495:
776:
775:
768:
731:quality standards
722:This section may
707:
706:
699:
573:
530:Volumetric method
327:Unproven reserves
3354:
3086:The Party's Over
2994:Richard Heinberg
2870:
2827:
2820:
2813:
2804:
2803:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2758:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2737:
2733:
2728:
2726:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2708:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2687:has extra text (
2686:
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2507:
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2500:
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2478:
2467:
2458:
2457:
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2398:
2393:
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2377:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2324:
2318:
2313:
2311:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2294:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2261:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2218:
2214:
2208:
2202:
2197:
2195:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2178:
2171:
2162:
2156:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2124:
2109:
2108:
2090:
2075:
2074:
2056:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2037:
2029:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2002:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1973:
1958:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1896:
1894:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1877:
1870:
1861:
1852:
1851:
1844:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1815:
1809:
1802:
1772:Petro-aggression
1729:
1724:
1723:
1696:
1655:
1651:
1610:
1609:
1599:
1584:
1583:
1574:
1573:
1564:
1560:
1553:
1552:
1543:
1542:
1497:
1482:
1435:
1434:
1403:
1402:
1371:
1370:
1339:
1338:
1307:
1306:
1275:
1274:
1243:
1242:
1211:
1210:
1179:
1178:
1147:
1146:
1115:
1114:
1083:
1082:
1051:
1050:
1019:
1018:
987:
986:
955:
954:
923:
922:
878:
874:
855:
853:
852:
847:
824:
771:
764:
760:
757:
751:
717:
716:
709:
702:
695:
691:
688:
682:
656:
655:
648:
301:proven developed
258:recoverable oil.
243:unaudited claims
229:new technologies
127:Newer revision â
105:
103:
101:
92:
71:
69:current revision
61:
60:
58:
56:
46:
42:
41:
3362:
3361:
3357:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3325:
3254:
3250:Transition town
3193:
3105:
3038:
3034:Matthew Simmons
3029:Michael Ruppert
2999:M. King Hubbert
2984:David Goodstein
2957:
2943:Rimini protocol
2871:
2862:
2836:
2831:
2777:
2772:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2735:
2731:
2729:
2720:
2719:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2700:
2696:
2684:
2683:
2674:
2673:
2667:
2665:
2658:
2654:
2643:
2639:
2630:
2628:
2621:
2617:
2607:
2605:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2581:
2579:
2569:
2565:
2556:
2554:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2535:
2533:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2508:
2504:
2489:
2485:
2476:
2474:
2469:
2468:
2461:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2429:
2417:
2413:
2405:
2401:
2391:
2388:
2384:
2375:
2373:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2357:
2339:
2335:
2325:
2316:
2314:
2305:
2304:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2286:
2282:
2270:
2266:
2264:
2255:
2254:
2248:
2246:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2216:
2212:
2210:
2200:
2198:
2189:
2188:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2169:
2163:
2159:
2150:
2146:
2139:
2125:
2112:
2105:
2091:
2078:
2071:
2057:
2050:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2019:
2010:
2008:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1982:
1980:
1975:
1974:
1961:
1952:
1948:
1939:
1937:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1915:
1911:
1909:
1899:
1897:
1888:
1887:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1868:
1862:
1855:
1846:
1845:
1838:
1828:
1826:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1777:Energy security
1745:Oil exploration
1725:
1718:
1715:
1694:
1683:
1653:
1649:
1638:
1628:
1623:
1607:
1605:
1597:
1581:
1579:
1571:
1569:
1562:
1558:
1550:
1548:
1540:
1538:
1511:
1429:
1397:
1365:
1333:
1301:
1269:
1237:
1205:
1173:
1141:
1109:
1077:
1045:
1013:
981:
949:
917:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
856:for Venezuela.
820:
803:
800:
799:
790:
772:
761:
755:
752:
745:
718:
714:
703:
692:
686:
683:
672:
657:
653:
646:
633:
631:Reserves growth
567:
554:
542:
532:
523:recovery factor
504:
483:extra heavy oil
469:uses the terms
414:
402:
396:
384:
329:
312:proven reserves
283:
281:proven reserves
277:
275:Proven reserves
271:(WPC) in 1997.
251:
249:Classifications
235:reserves growth
191:recovery factor
143:
138:
137:
136:
135:
134:
119:Latest revision
107:
106:
96:
93:
82:
80:
67:
51:
48:
31:
29:
12:
11:
5:
3360:
3350:
3349:
3344:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3262:
3260:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3184:
3177:
3170:
3167:The Oil Factor
3163:
3156:
3149:
3142:
3135:
3128:
3121:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3096:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3068:
3065:The End of Oil
3061:
3054:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3014:Jeremy Leggett
3011:
3009:Jean Laherrère
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2953:Swing producer
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2872:
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2863:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2844:
2842:
2838:
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2830:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2794:
2789:
2783:
2776:
2775:External links
2773:
2771:
2770:
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2652:
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2563:
2542:
2521:
2502:
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2399:
2382:
2361:
2356:978-1555630775
2355:
2333:
2317:|journal=
2280:
2267:|deadurl=
2226:
2213:|deadurl=
2201:|journal=
2157:
2144:
2137:
2110:
2103:
2076:
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2017:
1989:
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1912:|deadurl=
1900:|journal=
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1714:
1711:
1682:
1679:
1667:Amerasia Basin
1656:10 m) of
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1517:OPEC countries
1510:
1509:OPEC countries
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638:reserve growth
632:
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531:
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413:
410:
398:Main article:
395:
392:
383:
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328:
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279:Main article:
276:
273:
267:(SPE) and the
250:
247:
141:
78:
64:permanent link
27:
16:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3359:
3348:
3345:
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3337:
3322:
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3312:
3309:
3307:
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3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
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3279:
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3200:
3198:Organizations
3196:
3190:
3189:
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3183:
3182:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3164:
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3120:
3119:
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3027:
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3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
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2990:
2987:
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2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
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2960:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2948:Simple living
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2913:Hirsch report
2911:
2909:
2908:Food vs. fuel
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2898:Energy crisis
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
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2778:
2755:
2749:
2741:
2724:
2705:
2698:
2690:
2685:|volume=
2678:
2663:
2656:
2648:
2641:
2626:
2619:
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2599:
2593:
2578:
2574:
2567:
2552:
2546:
2531:
2525:
2517:
2513:
2506:
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2464:
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2451:
2444:
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2440:
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2436:
2434:
2432:
2424:
2423:Science Daily
2420:
2415:
2409:
2403:
2397:
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2371:
2365:
2358:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2337:
2329:
2322:
2309:
2291:
2284:
2276:
2259:
2245:on 2008-09-24
2244:
2240:
2236:
2230:
2222:
2206:
2193:
2179:on 2008-05-27
2175:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2148:
2140:
2138:9780750677851
2134:
2130:
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2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2106:
2104:9780878148233
2100:
2096:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2072:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2053:
2034:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2006:
1999:
1993:
1978:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1956:
1950:
1935:
1929:
1921:
1905:
1892:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1858:
1850:. OPEC. 2011.
1849:
1843:
1841:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1807:
1801:
1797:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
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1768:
1767:
1761:
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1727:Energy portal
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2933:Price of oil
2928:Pickens Plan
2923:Permaculture
2761:. Retrieved
2748:
2738:suggested) (
2711:. Retrieved
2697:
2666:. Retrieved
2655:
2640:
2629:. Retrieved
2618:
2606:. Retrieved
2601:
2592:
2580:. Retrieved
2577:Fox Business
2576:
2566:
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2364:
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2308:cite journal
2297:. Retrieved
2283:
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2247:. Retrieved
2243:the original
2238:
2229:
2219:suggested) (
2192:cite journal
2181:. Retrieved
2174:the original
2160:
2147:
2128:
2094:
2060:
2040:. Retrieved
2009:. Retrieved
2004:
1992:
1981:. Retrieved
1953:The Asylum,
1949:
1938:. Retrieved
1928:
1918:suggested) (
1891:cite journal
1880:. Retrieved
1873:the original
1827:. Retrieved
1822:
1813:
1800:
1765:
1764:
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1697:10 m).
1684:
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957:Saudi Arabia
794:
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746:Please help
740:
739:rather than
736:
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693:
684:
662:
637:
634:
623:
621:
612:future value
604:legend (map)
557:
555:
544:
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540:Oil in place
521:
517:oil in place
515:
513:
480:
475:economically
474:
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460:undiscovered
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303:" (PD) and "
300:
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240:
233:
219:Because the
218:
206:Saudi Arabia
195:
190:
186:
174:oil in place
172:
166:
161:
154:Oil reserves
153:
152:
22:old revision
19:
18:
3259:Other peaks
2841:Core issues
1658:natural gas
750:if you can.
592:Oil barrels
471:technically
20:This is an
3336:Categories
3301:Phosphorus
3093:Power Down
3079:Out of Gas
3058:Beyond Oil
2713:23 January
2668:2008-07-24
2631:2008-08-12
2557:2008-08-20
2536:2008-08-23
2477:2008-08-23
2376:2008-08-19
2299:2008-08-23
2249:2008-11-22
2183:2008-05-24
2042:2008-04-20
2011:2008-04-20
1983:2008-04-20
1940:2008-04-17
1882:2014-08-19
1829:4 December
1793:References
1669:, and the
1661:provincesâ
1630:See also:
1245:Kazakhstan
902:Production
897:Production
786:See also:
664:neutrality
600:tank truck
2734:ignored (
2677:cite news
2269:ignored (
2215:ignored (
1914:ignored (
1706:tight oil
1465:1,540.43
925:Venezuela
899:10 bbl/d
832:×
812:×
792:The unit
737:resources
675:talk page
491:oil shale
412:Resources
202:Venezuela
158:crude oil
3347:Peak oil
3296:Minerals
3125:Collapse
2834:Peak oil
2763:June 11,
2723:cite web
2516:Newsweek
2497:BBC News
2258:cite web
1750:Peak oil
1713:See also
1468:244.909
892:Reserves
887:Reserves
884:Country
741:reserves
724:require
687:May 2015
668:disputed
596:oil well
487:oil sand
371:Possible
360:Probable
354:possible
350:probable
337:oil well
187:reserves
89:contribs
38:contribs
3160:GasHole
2608:June 3,
2582:18 July
1405:Algeria
1213:Nigeria
1156:12.719
1124:15.549
1092:16.137
1089:101.50
1060:22.751
1057:143.10
1028:24.039
1025:151.20
996:27.823
993:175.00
964:42.195
961:265.40
932:47.140
929:296.50
904:10 m/d
889:10 bbl
726:cleanup
221:geology
3276:Copper
2962:People
2709:. USGS
2627:. USGS
2604:. 2010
2353:
2135:
2101:
2067:
1823:bp.com
1665:, the
1484:Notes:
1474:9,460
1444:2.099
1441:13.20
1437:Brazil
1412:2.134
1409:13.42
1380:2.146
1377:13.50
1373:Angola
1354:1,110
1348:3.975
1345:25.00
1316:4.038
1313:25.40
1284:4.040
1281:25.41
1252:4.770
1249:30.00
1220:5.883
1217:37.00
1188:7.472
1185:47.00
1162:1,590
1153:80.00
1149:Russia
1121:97.80
1085:Kuwait
989:Canada
970:1,410
909:years
489:, and
388:Russia
341:Canada
286:Proven
216:(9%).
210:Canada
3316:Wheat
3311:Water
3245:REN21
3132:Crude
3043:Books
2757:(PDF)
2707:(PDF)
2454:(PDF)
2293:(PDF)
2177:(PDF)
2170:(PDF)
2036:(PDF)
2001:(PDF)
1876:(PDF)
1869:(PDF)
1471:59.5
1309:China
1277:Qatar
1181:Libya
1159:10.0
894:10 m
844:386.8
809:296.5
452:known
3321:Wood
3306:Soil
3291:Gold
3281:Food
3271:Coal
3230:OPEC
3153:Fuel
2765:2013
2740:help
2715:2010
2689:help
2610:2012
2602:OPEC
2584:2011
2351:ISBN
2328:link
2321:help
2275:help
2221:help
2205:help
2133:ISBN
2099:ISBN
2065:ISBN
1920:help
1904:help
1831:2013
1825:. BP
1687:USGS
1634:and
1450:330
1447:2.1
1418:270
1415:1.7
1386:300
1383:1.9
1351:7.0
1322:650
1319:4.1
1290:170
1287:1.1
1258:240
1255:1.5
1226:400
1223:2.5
1194:270
1191:1.7
1130:380
1127:2.4
1098:370
1095:2.3
1069:115
1066:540
1063:3.4
1053:Iraq
1037:101
1034:650
1031:4.1
1021:Iran
1005:178
1002:430
999:2.7
967:8.9
941:387
938:330
935:2.1
815:1000
661:The
622:The
556:The
538:and
473:and
465:The
443:and
352:and
214:Iran
198:OPEC
131:diff
125:) |
123:diff
111:diff
85:talk
34:talk
3286:Gas
3266:Car
2396:EIA
1477:71
1453:17
1426:17
1421:15
1394:16
1389:19
1362:15
1357:10
1330:14
1325:17
1298:13
1266:12
1261:55
1234:11
1229:41
1202:10
1197:76
1165:15
1133:18
1101:27
973:82
835:365
829:2.1
795:bbl
616:USD
588:BBL
584:MCF
386:In
339:in
335:An
296:".
79:Kku
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