563:
1238:
794:
1046:
1529:
918:
777:
802:
1270:
886:
421:
410:
251:
3859:
1174:
854:
1142:
1334:
652:
2663:
1014:
1302:
2739:
1206:
1110:
1366:
982:
950:
1078:
143:
1453:
713:
2695:, and West Greenland–East Canada. It was further estimated that approximately 84% of the oil and gas would occur offshore. The USGS did not consider economic factors such as the effects of permanent sea ice or oceanic water depth in its assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources. This assessment was lower than a 2000 survey, which had included lands south of the Arctic Circle.
325:
1521:
625:
production restrictions. The curve can be expressed mathematically or plotted on a graph to estimate future production. It has the advantage of (implicitly) including all reservoir characteristics. It requires a sufficient history to establish a statistically significant trend, ideally when production is not curtailed by regulatory or other artificial conditions.
500:
541:
number. Current recovery factors for oil fields around the world typically range between 10 and 60 percent; some are over 80 percent. The wide variance is due largely to the diversity of fluid and reservoir characteristics for different deposits. The method is most useful early in the life of the reservoir, before significant production has occurred.
554:
that depends on the remaining volume of oil and gas. The method requires extensive pressure-volume-temperature analysis and an accurate pressure history of the field. It requires some production to occur (typically 5% to 10% of ultimate recovery), unless reliable pressure history can be used from a field with similar rock and fluid characteristics.
300:" (PUD). PD reserves are reserves that can be produced with existing wells and perforations, or from additional reservoirs where minimal additional investment (operating expense) is required. PUD reserves require additional capital investment (e.g., drilling new wells) to bring the oil to the surface.
540:
attempt to determine the amount of oil in place by using the size of the reservoir as well as the physical properties of its rocks and fluids. Then a recovery factor is assumed, using assumptions from fields with similar characteristics. OIP is multiplied by the recovery factor to arrive at a reserve
259:
All reserve estimates involve uncertainty, depending on the amount of reliable geologic and engineering data available and the interpretation of that data. The relative degree of uncertainty can be expressed by dividing reserves into two principal classifications—"proven" (or "proved") and "unproven"
2726:
and tight gas resources in shale formations, "Technically
Recoverable Shale Oil and Shale Gas Resources: An Assessment of 137 Shale Formations in 41 Countries Outside the United States." The inventory is incomplete due to exclusion of tight oil and gas from sources other than shale such as sandstone
486:
deposits. Unlike "conventional resources", in which the petroleum is recovered through wellbores and typically requires minimal processing prior to sale, unconventional resources require specialized extraction technology to produce. For example, steam and/or solvents are used to mobilize bitumen for
340:
Unproven reserves are based on geological and/or engineering data similar to that used in estimates of proven reserves, but technical, contractual, or regulatory uncertainties preclude such reserves being classified as proven. Unproven reserves may be used internally by oil companies and government
3380:
PennWell
Corporation, Oil & Gas Journal, Vol. 105.48 (December 24, 2007), except United States. Oil includes crude oil and condensate. Data for the United States are from the Energy Information Administration, U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves, 2006 Annual Report,
624:
uses production data to fit a decline curve and estimate future oil production. The three most common forms of decline curves are exponential, hyperbolic, and harmonic. It is assumed that the production will decline on a reasonably smooth curve, and so allowances must be made for wells shut in and
553:
for an oil field uses an equation that relates the volume of oil, water and gas that has been produced from a reservoir and the change in reservoir pressure to calculate the remaining oil. It assumes that, as fluids from the reservoir are produced, there will be a change in the reservoir pressure
2678:
10 m) of natural gas liquids in 25 geologically defined areas thought to have potential for petroleum. This represented 13% of the expected undiscovered oil in the world. Of the estimated totals, more than half of the undiscovered oil resources were estimated to occur in just three geologic
447:
accumulations, but the applied project(s) are not yet considered mature enough for commercial development due to one or more contingencies. Contingent resources may include, for example, projects for which there are no viable markets, or where commercial recovery is dependent on technology under
366:
reserves are attributed to known accumulations that have a less likely chance of being recovered than probable reserves. This term is often used for reserves which are claimed to have at least a 10% certainty of being produced ("P10"). Reasons for classifying reserves as possible include varying
315:
do not disclose verifying data to support their claims. Since
January 2010 the SEC now allows companies to also provide additional optional information declaring 2P (both proven and probable) and 3P (proven plus probable plus possible) provided the evaluation is verified by qualified third party
1516:
Since OPEC started to set production quotas on the basis of reserves levels in the 1980s, many of its members have reported significant increases in their official reserves. There are doubts about the reliability of these estimates, which are not provided with any form of verification that meet
367:
interpretations of geology, reserves not producible at commercial rates, uncertainty due to reserve infill (seepage from adjacent areas) and projected reserves based on future recovery methods. The cumulative amount of proven, probable and possible resources are referred to in the industry as "
470:
recoverable resources when making its petroleum resource assessments. Technically recoverable resources represent that proportion of assessed in-place petroleum that may be recoverable using current recovery technology, without regard to cost. Economically recoverable resources are technically
254:
Schematic graph illustrating petroleum volumes and probabilities. Curves represent categories of oil in assessment. There is a 95% chance (i.e., probability, F95) of at least volume V1 of economically recoverable oil, and there is a 5-percent chance (F05) of at least volume V2 of economically
2559:
The sudden revisions in OPEC reserves, totaling nearly 300 bn barrels, have been much debated. Some of it is defended partly by the shift in ownership of reserves away from international oil companies, some of whom were obliged to report reserves under conservative US Securities and
Exchange
285:(normally at least 90% confidence) of being recoverable under existing economic and political conditions, with existing technology. Industry specialists refer to this as "P90" (that is, having a 90% certainty of being produced). Proven reserves are also known in the industry as "
383:, reserves categories A, B, and C1 correspond roughly to proved developed producing, proved developed nonproducing, and proved undeveloped, respectively; the designation ABC1 corresponds to proved reserves. The Russian category C2 includes probable and possible reserves.
355:
reserves are attributed to known accumulations and claim a 50% confidence level of recovery. Industry specialists refer to them as "P50" (i.e., having a 50% certainty of being produced). The sum of proven plus probable reserves is also referred to in the industry as
2727:
or carbonates, formations underlying the large oil fields located in the Middle East and the
Caspian region, off shore formations, or about which there is little information. Estimated technically recoverable shale oil resources total 335 to 345 billion barrels.
260:(or "unproved"). Unproven reserves can further be divided into two subcategories—"probable" and "possible"—to indicate the relative degree of uncertainty about their existence. The most commonly accepted definitions of these are based on those approved by the
2560:
Commission rules. The most prominent explanation of the revisions is prompted by a change in OPEC rules which set production quotas (partly) on reserves. In any event, the revisions in official data had little to do with the actual discovery of new reserves.
1546:
579:(green line), and gas depletion (red line). The X axis is a coordinate scale, indicating time in years and displays the production decline curve. The top red line is the gas decline curve, which is a hyperbolic decline curve. Gas is measured in
161:, which include all oil that can be technically recovered at any price. Reserves may be for a well, for a reservoir, for a field, for a nation, or for the world. Different classifications of reserves are related to their degree of certainty.
3381:
DOE/EIA-0216(2007) (November 2007). Oil & Gas
Journal's oil reserve estimate for Canada includes 5.392 billion barrels (857,300,000 m) of conventional crude oil and condensate reserves and 173.2 billion barrels (2.754
228:
have increased the accuracy of these techniques, significant uncertainties still remain. In general, most early estimates of the reserves of an oil field are conservative and tend to grow with time. This phenomenon is called
401:, approximately 4.1 billion barrels (650,000,000 m) of oil are held in strategic reserves, of which 1.4 billion is government-controlled. These reserves are generally not counted when computing a nation's oil reserves.
2622:, has estimated that Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates have overstated reserves by a combined 320–390bn barrels and has said, "As for Iran, the usually accepted official 132 billion barrels (2.10
633:
Experience shows that initial estimates of the size of newly discovered oil fields are usually too low. As years pass, successive estimates of the ultimate recovery of fields tend to increase. The term
2883:
3693:
Christopher J. Schenk; Troy A. Cook; Ronald R. Charpentier; Richard M. Pollastro; Timothy R. Klett; Marilyn E. Tennyson; Mark A. Kirschbaum; Michael E. Brownfield; Janet K. Pitman. (11 January 2010).
2583: m) and did not make any important new discoveries during that period. The case of Saudi Arabia is also striking, with proven reserves estimated at between 260 and 264 billion barrels (4.20
2836:
4076:
1439:
It is estimated that between 100 and 135 billion tonnes (which equals between 133 and 180 billions m³ of oil) of the world's oil reserves have been used between 1850 and the present.
519:. The portion that can be recovered is considered to be a reserve. The portion that is not recoverable is not included unless and until methods are implemented to produce it.
2890:
3398:
471:
recoverable petroleum for which the costs of discovery, development, production, and transport, including a return to capital, can be recovered at a given market price.
190:. Determining a recovery factor for a given field depends on several features of the operation, including method of oil recovery used and technological developments.
2640: m), of which half were proven and half were possible. The combined value of proven and possible is half of the official public estimate of proven reserves.
428:
A more sophisticated system of evaluating petroleum accumulations was adopted in 2007 by the
Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE), World Petroleum Council (WPC),
4083:
2691:. More than 70% of the mean undiscovered oil resources was estimated to occur in five provinces: Arctic Alaska, Amerasia Basin, East Greenland Rift Basins,
455:
accumulations by application of future development projects. Prospective resources have both an associated chance of discovery and a chance of development.
2614: m) of proven reserves should be recategorized as speculative resources, though he did not specify which countries had inflated their reserves. Dr.
157:
that can be technically recovered at a cost that is financially feasible at the present price of oil. Hence reserves will change with the price, unlike
4225:
4171:
2563:
Total reserves in many OPEC countries hardly changed in the 1990s. Official reserves in Kuwait, for example, were unchanged at 96.5 Gbbl (15.34
487:
in-situ recovery. Moreover, the extracted petroleum may require significant processing prior to sale (e.g., bitumen upgraders). The total amount of
3908:
2804:
3050:
311:
allowed oil companies to report to investors. Companies listed on U.S. stock exchanges must substantiate their claims, but many governments and
3745:"Technically Recoverable Shale Oil and Shale Gas Resources: An Assessment of 137 Shale Formations in 41 Countries Outside the United States"
3563:
583:(thousand cubic feet in this case). The lower Blue line is the oil decline curve, which is an exponential decline curve. Oil is measured in
2777:
491:
resources in the world considerably exceeds the amount of conventional oil reserves, but are much more difficult and expensive to develop.
429:
397:
Many countries maintain government-controlled oil reserves for both economic and national security reasons. According to the United States
4178:
432:(AAPG), and Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers (SPEE). It incorporates the 1997 definitions for reserves, but adds categories for
3787:
242:
for their oil reserves. The numbers disclosed by some national governments are suspected of being manipulated for political reasons.
562:
1050:
785:
3771:
1555:
591:). Data is from actual sales, not pumped production. The dips to zero indicate there were no sales that month, likely because the
126:
114:
3883:
2573: m) (including its share of the Neutral Zone) from 1991 to 2002, even though the country produced more than 8 Gbbl (1.3
3015:
2799:
182:, only a fraction of this oil can be brought to the surface, and it is only this producible fraction that is considered to be
4205:
4069:
3318:
3086:
130:
110:
603:
displays CUM, which is the cumulative gas or oil produced. ULT is the ultimate recovery projected for the well. Pv10 is the
122:
451:
Prospective resources are those quantities of petroleum estimated, as of a given date, to be potentially recoverable from
2757:
2657:
474:"Unconventional resources" exist in petroleum accumulations that are pervasive throughout a large area. Examples include
443:
Contingent resources are those quantities of petroleum estimated, as of a given date, to be potentially recoverable from
392:
3928:
3815:
3345:
3184:
308:
3280:
3848:
3154:
3120:
2719:
1503:
1274:
763:
694:
398:
2587:
10 m) in the past 18 years, a variation of less than 2%, while extracting approximately 60 billion barrels (9.5
638:
refers to the typical increases in estimated ultimate recovery that occur as oil fields are developed and produced.
4108:
2670:
A 2008 United States
Geological Survey estimates that areas north of the Arctic Circle have 90 billion barrels (1.4
2630:
reported that official confidential
Kuwaiti documents estimate reserves of Kuwait were only 48 billion barrels (7.6
661:
459:
88:
37:
515:
3337:
780:
Trends in proved oil reserves in top five countries, 1980-2013 (date from US Energy
Information Administration)
261:
4210:
2643:
In July 2011, OPEC's Annual Statistical Review showed Venezuela's reserves to be larger than Saudi Arabia's.
1485:
745:
3730:
3265:
2937:
2619:
1423:
890:
3692:
4200:
424:
Cumulative oil production plus remaining reserves and undiscovered resources. United States not included.
77:
26:
2594:
Sadad al-Huseini, former head of exploration and production at Saudi Aramco, estimates 300 Gbbl (48
197:
at the beginning of 2013 the highest proved oil reserves including non-conventional oil deposits are in
3964:
3744:
3397:
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) – U.S. Government – U.S. Dept. of Energy, September, 2011
448:
development, or where evaluation of the accumulation is insufficient to clearly assess commerciality.
2688:
1468:
858:
728:
3782:
3311:
3215:
2921:
238:
Many oil-producing nations do not reveal their reservoir engineering field data and instead provide
3776:
3679:
3461:
604:
513:(OIP). Only a fraction of this oil can be recovered from a reservoir. This fraction is called the
3409:
1146:
528:
341:
agencies for future planning purposes but are not routinely compiled. They are sub-classified as
316:
consultants, though many companies choose to use 2P and 3P estimates only for internal purposes.
179:
4090:
3808:
3616:"90 Billion Barrels of Oil and 1,670 Trillion Cubic Feet of Natural Gas Assessed in the Arctic"
2752:
1082:
1018:
922:
665:
568:
221:
202:
4332:
4230:
4164:
3994:
3959:
3838:
3386:
3298:
3202:
2908:
2708:
1114:
225:
175:
3637:
2994:
4136:
4041:
2972:
2615:
1045:
986:
954:
312:
186:. The ratio of reserves to the total amount of oil in a particular reservoir is called the
3652:
3439:
3360:
793:
676:
571:
software, utilized in petroleum economics to indicate the depletion of oil & gas in a
8:
4129:
4009:
3969:
3878:
3873:
3843:
572:
84:
63:
33:
584:
4195:
4062:
3979:
3694:
3667:
2772:
2692:
488:
413:
3588:
2865:
4337:
4121:
4014:
3893:
3801:
3713:
3341:
3248:
3229:
3150:
3116:
3082:
1528:
1463:
723:
21:
3999:
3615:
3984:
3695:"An Estimate of Recoverable Heavy Oil Resources of the Orinoco Oil Belt, Venezuela"
3170:
2789:
2674:
10 m) of undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and 44 billion barrels (7.0
3483:
4291:
4240:
4114:
4024:
4019:
3989:
3974:
3933:
2794:
2762:
475:
304:
273:
4157:
4055:
4004:
3943:
2951:
2684:
1178:
801:
776:
210:
4326:
4286:
4271:
3938:
3903:
3898:
3888:
3413:
3113:
Nontechnical Guide to Petroleum Geology, Exploration, Drilling and Production
2744:
2680:
1269:
576:
165:
224:
must be used to estimate the size and recoverability of the resource. While
4215:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3541:
2823:
1591:
1517:
external reporting standards. The following table illustrates these rises.
885:
608:
600:
532:
509:
420:
409:
170:
118:
3281:"Enhanced Oil Recovery using Carbon Dioxide in the European Energy System"
250:
4266:
4142:
3520:
1338:
3858:
4306:
4301:
4048:
3779:, including many charts and graphs on the world's energy supply and use
1370:
1306:
1173:
596:
588:
580:
142:
4311:
4296:
4281:
4261:
2723:
2662:
1605:
1242:
1210:
853:
483:
198:
154:
2626:
10 m) is almost one hundred billion over any realistic assay."
1426:(in years), calculated as reserves / annual production. (from above)
611:
of the remaining lease, valued for this oil well at $ 1.089 million
4276:
4256:
3824:
3502:
2767:
595:
did not produce a full tank, and thus was not worth a visit from a
592:
479:
329:
672:
4150:
2738:
1619:
1333:
1141:
217:
3613:
3441:
WORLD ENERGY OUTLOOK 2005:Middle East and North Africa Insights
1584:
1365:
1301:
1077:
1013:
917:
380:
333:
324:
206:
1540:
Declared reserves of major OPEC Producers (billion of barrels)
168:, including both producible and non-producible oil, is called
4235:
1612:
1237:
1205:
1109:
3564:"Venezuela Oil Reserves Surpassed Saudi Arabia In 2010-OPEC"
3147:
Standard Handbook Of Petroleum & Natural Gas Engineering
503:
Example of a production decline curve for an individual well
499:
4220:
3793:
3777:
Energy Supply page on the Global Education Project web site
2704:
1577:
1570:
981:
949:
194:
3521:"Oil reserves over-inflated by 300bn barrels – al-Huseini"
3385:
10 m) of oil sands reserves. Information collated by
66:
to this revision, which may differ significantly from the
3750:. U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). June 2013
3653:"USGS: 25% Arctic oil, gas estimate a reporter's mistake"
3614:
United States Geological Survey, (USGS) (July 27, 2008).
1598:
612:
575:. The Y axis is a semi log scale, indicating the rate of
3051:"Glossary of Terms Used in Petroleum Reserves/Resources"
2889:. U.S. Energy Information Administration. Archived from
805:
Most of the world's oil reserves are in the Middle East.
2698:
1520:
3447:. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY. 2005. pp. 125–126.
3076:
2829:
2722:
published a global inventory of estimated recoverable
507:
The amount of oil in a subsurface reservoir is called
68:
2884:"The Intricate Puzzle of Oil and Gas Reserves Growth"
264:(SPE) and the World Petroleum Council (WPC) in 1997.
2734:
336:, which has the world's third largest oil reserves.
4226:Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries
4172:The Power of Community: How Cuba Survived Peak Oil
2881:
557:
3464:. Petroleum Intelligence Weekly. January 30, 2006
4324:
3909:Oil and gas reserves and resource quantification
2805:List of countries by natural gas proven reserves
641:
3544:. ASPO-USA's Peak Oil Review. February 20, 2006
3077:Wright, Charlotte J.; Rebecca A Gallun (2008).
2651:
386:
220:of the subsurface cannot be examined directly,
3686:
3361:"World Proved Reserves of Oil and Natural Gas"
3149:. Gulf Professional Publishing. pp. 5–6.
3045:
3043:
3041:
3039:
2711:(Venezuela) value to 513 billion barrels (8.16
2666:Location of Arctic Basins assessed by the USGS
281:reserves are those reserves claimed to have a
3809:
3462:"Oil Reserves Accounting: The Case Of Kuwait"
3331:
1473:The table in this section presently presents
733:The table in this section presently presents
416:resources are greater than conventional ones.
374:
292:Proven reserves are further subdivided into "
3456:
3454:
3363:. US Energy Information Administration. 2007
2824:Petroleum reserves and resources definitions
2604: m) of the world's 1,200 Gbbl (190
430:American Association of Petroleum Geologists
4179:What a Way to Go: Life at the End of Empire
3737:
3655:. Vol. Vol. 12, No. 42. Petroleum News
3650:
3286:. European Commission Joint Research Center
3182:
3036:
2877:
2875:
544:
3816:
3802:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3278:
3115:. PennWell Corporation. pp. 431–449.
3081:(5 ed.). PenWell Books. p. 750.
1557:OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin 2010/2011
1535:
810:Summary of Proven Reserve Data as of 2012
675:. Please do not remove this message until
76:Revision as of 18:03, 24 February 2017 by
3534:
3451:
3332:Green, Don W.; Willhite, G. Paul (1998),
3140:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3072:
3070:
1504:Learn how and when to remove this message
764:Learn how and when to remove this message
695:Learn how and when to remove this message
3589:"OPEC Share of World Crude Oil Reserves"
3183:Alboudwarej; et al. (Summer 2006).
3079:Fundamentals of Oil & Gas Accounting
2872:
2661:
2646:
1527:
1519:
800:
792:
786:List of countries by proven oil reserves
775:
671:Relevant discussion may be found on the
561:
498:
494:
419:
408:
371:" (proven plus probable plus possible).
323:
249:
164:The total estimated amount of oil in an
141:
47:
3635:
3513:
3500:
3419:
3230:"Defining the Limits of Oil Production"
3106:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3098:
2995:"Petroleum Resources Management System"
2866:"OPEC Share of World Oil Reserves 2010"
75:
14:
4325:
3561:
3501:Maugeri, Leonardo (January 23, 2006).
3236:. U.S. Department of Energy. June 2008
3129:
3067:
3056:. Society of Petroleum Engineers. 2005
3025:. Society of Petroleum Engineers. 1997
2997:. Society of Petroleum Engineers. 2007
2989:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2860:
2858:
2800:World energy resources and consumption
2720:U.S. Energy Information Administration
4206:International Renewable Energy Agency
3797:
3783:Oil reserves (most recent) by country
3399:EIA - International Energy Statistics
3144:
3023:Petroleum Resources Management System
44:
25:
3790:BP Statistical Review of Energy 2013
3481:
3110:
3095:
2699:Unconventional prospective resources
1446:
706:
645:
522:
319:
231:
17:
3884:Global energy crisis (2021–present)
3638:"Oil Survey Says Arctic Has Riches"
3272:
2978:
2855:
2758:Global strategic petroleum reserves
2658:Petroleum exploration in the Arctic
797:Countries with largest oil reserves
393:global strategic petroleum reserves
239:
139:
108:
97:
52:
3929:Renewable energy commercialization
3788:Statistical Review of World Energy
628:
309:Securities and Exchange Commission
267:
245:
146:A map of world oil reserves, 2013.
140:
4349:
3849:Predicting the timing of peak oil
3765:
3484:"How much oil do we really have?"
3416:, 8 May 2009. Retrieved Mar 2014.
3234:International Energy Outlook 2008
1548:BP Statistical Review - June 2009
1442:
399:Energy Information Administration
180:petroleum extraction technologies
62:. The present address (URL) is a
4109:A Crude Awakening: The Oil Crash
3857:
3772:OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin
3651:Alan Bailey (October 21, 2007).
3542:"On Middle Eastern Oil Reserves"
3503:"The Saudis May Have Enough Oil"
3169:Society of Petroleum Engineers,
3016:"Petroleum Reserves Definitions"
2822:Society of Petroleum Engineers,
2737:
2618:, a former senior expert of the
1451:
1364:
1332:
1300:
1268:
1236:
1204:
1172:
1140:
1108:
1076:
1044:
1012:
980:
948:
916:
884:
852:
711:
650:
3644:
3629:
3607:
3581:
3562:Faucon, Benoit (18 July 2011).
3555:
3494:
3475:
3403:
3391:
3374:
3353:
3325:
3222:
3176:
3163:
2591:10 m) during this period.
2498:
2440:
2382:
2324:
2262:
2204:
2146:
2088:
2030:
1972:
1914:
1848:
1778:
1716:
1654:
1562:
1395:Total of top seventeen reserves
558:Production decline curve method
460:United States Geological Survey
3636:MOUAWAD, JAD (July 24, 2008).
3338:Society of Petroleum Engineers
3317:CS1 maint: extra punctuation (
3008:
2965:
2944:
2816:
1532:oil reserves of OPEC 1980–2005
1481:, according to SPE definition.
741:, according to SPE definition.
262:Society of Petroleum Engineers
209:(13% of global reserves), and
13:
1:
4211:Oil Depletion Analysis Centre
3482:Adam, Porter (15 July 2005).
2810:
2628:Petroleum Intelligence Weekly
642:Estimated reserves by country
3823:
2652:Arctic prospective resources
2620:National Iranian Oil Company
1553:
1544:
1537:
404:
387:Strategic petroleum reserves
307:were the only type the U.S.
7:
4201:International Energy Agency
2882:David F. Morehouse (1997).
2778:Strategic Petroleum Reserve
2730:
1471:. The specific problem is:
1424:Reserve to Production ratio
1410:
1386:
1354:
1322:
1290:
1258:
1226:
1194:
1162:
1130:
1098:
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731:. The specific problem is:
677:conditions to do so are met
567:Decline curve generated by
24:of this page, as edited by
10:
4354:
3410:How Much Oil Have We Used?
3145:Lyons, William C. (2005).
2689:East Greenland Rift Basins
2655:
783:
526:
390:
375:Russian reserve categories
360:" (proven plus probable).
271:
205:(18% of global reserves),
201:(20% of global reserves),
95:
50:
4249:
4188:
4100:
4033:
3952:
3866:
3855:
3831:
2837:"Oil reserve definitions"
1554:
1545:
1538:
1415:
841:Reserve/ Production Ratio
303:Until December 2009 "1P"
176:reservoir characteristics
3185:"Highlighting Heavy Oil"
3111:Hyne, Norman J. (2001).
2954:. moneyterms.co.uk. 2008
2826:, accessed 24 Feb. 2017.
605:discounted present value
551:materials balance method
545:Materials balance method
102:Clarified table contents
57:Clarified table contents
529:Extraction of petroleum
45:18:03, 24 February 2017
4091:Twilight in the Desert
3727:|name-list-style=
3723:|last-author-amp=
3306:Cite journal requires
3210:Cite journal requires
3171:SPE Reserves Committee
2975:, 2011, Harper Collins
2916:Cite journal requires
2753:Decline curve analysis
2667:
1533:
1525:
806:
798:
781:
617:
569:decline curve analysis
504:
425:
417:
337:
313:national oil companies
256:
174:. However, because of
147:
4231:Post Carbon Institute
3995:James Howard Kunstler
3960:Albert Allen Bartlett
3839:Fossil fuel phase-out
3334:Enhanced Oil Recovery
2952:"Proven Oil Reserves"
2784:Energy and resources:
2703:In October 2009, the
2665:
2647:Prospective resources
1531:
1523:
804:
796:
779:
607:of 10%, which is the
565:
527:Further information:
502:
495:Estimation techniques
438:prospective resources
423:
412:
327:
253:
153:denote the amount of
145:
4165:PetroApocalypse Now?
4137:Escape from Suburbia
4042:The Limits to Growth
2973:Leah McGrath Goodman
2616:Ali Samsam Bakhtiari
1486:improve this section
1467:to meet Knowledge's
1051:United Arab Emirates
790:BBL = barrel of oil
746:improve this section
727:to meet Knowledge's
622:decline curve method
434:contingent resources
283:reasonable certainty
4130:The End of Suburbia
4010:Dale Allen Pfeiffer
3970:Kenneth S. Deffeyes
3879:2000s energy crisis
3874:1970s energy crisis
3844:Hubbert peak theory
3279:E. Tzimas, (2005).
2693:East Barents Basins
811:
664:of this section is
573:petroleum reservoir
222:indirect techniques
193:Based on data from
178:and limitations in
115:← Previous revision
4196:Energy Watch Group
4063:The Long Emergency
3980:John Michael Greer
3721:Unknown parameter
3523:. October 30, 2007
3256:Unknown parameter
2928:Unknown parameter
2773:Petroleum Industry
2668:
1534:
1526:
809:
807:
799:
782:
618:
616:
599:. The upper right
538:Volumetric methods
505:
489:unconventional oil
426:
418:
414:Unconventional oil
338:
298:proven undeveloped
257:
148:
4320:
4319:
4101:Documentary films
4015:Richard Rainwater
3965:Colin J. Campbell
3894:Export Land Model
3867:Results/responses
3640:. New York Times.
3262:|url-status=
3190:. Oilfield Review
3088:978-1-59370-137-6
2934:|url-status=
2896:on August 6, 2010
2718:In June 2013 the
2709:Orinoco tar sands
2557:
2556:
1514:
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1506:
1469:quality standards
1460:This section may
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1429:
774:
773:
766:
729:quality standards
720:This section may
705:
704:
697:
566:
523:Volumetric method
320:Unproven reserves
4345:
4077:The Party's Over
3985:Richard Heinberg
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294:proven developed
255:recoverable oil.
240:unaudited claims
226:new technologies
127:Newer revision →
105:
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98:→OPEC countries
92:
71:
69:current revision
61:
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53:→OPEC countries
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4241:Transition town
4184:
4096:
4029:
4025:Matthew Simmons
4020:Michael Ruppert
3990:M. King Hubbert
3975:David Goodstein
3948:
3934:Rimini protocol
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2795:Energy security
2763:Oil exploration
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629:Reserves growth
560:
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516:recovery factor
497:
476:extra heavy oil
462:uses the terms
407:
395:
389:
377:
322:
305:proven reserves
276:
274:proven reserves
270:
268:Proven reserves
248:
246:Classifications
232:reserves growth
188:recovery factor
138:
137:
136:
135:
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119:Latest revision
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4158:The Oil Factor
4154:
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4104:
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4059:
4056:The End of Oil
4052:
4045:
4037:
4035:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4005:Jeremy Leggett
4002:
4000:Jean Laherrère
3997:
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3944:Swing producer
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3766:External links
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4313:
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4189:Organizations
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4008:
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3998:
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3963:
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3957:
3955:
3951:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3939:Simple living
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3904:Hirsch report
3902:
3900:
3899:Food vs. fuel
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3889:Energy crisis
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3865:
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3850:
3847:
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3746:
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3715:
3696:
3689:
3681:
3676:|volume=
3669:
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3423:
3415:
3414:Science Daily
3411:
3406:
3400:
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3388:
3377:
3362:
3356:
3349:
3343:
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3328:
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3250:
3235:
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3204:
3186:
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3166:
3158:
3156:9780750677851
3152:
3148:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3124:
3122:9780878148233
3118:
3114:
3107:
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3101:
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3084:
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3073:
3071:
3052:
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3017:
3011:
2996:
2990:
2988:
2986:
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2982:
2974:
2968:
2953:
2947:
2939:
2923:
2910:
2892:
2885:
2878:
2876:
2868:. OPEC. 2011.
2867:
2861:
2859:
2842:
2838:
2832:
2825:
2819:
2815:
2806:
2803:
2801:
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2750:
2746:
2745:Energy portal
2740:
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2728:
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2721:
2716:
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2696:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2681:Arctic Alaska
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2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
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1973:
1968:
1965:
1962:
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1497:
1494:February 2017
1487:
1482:
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1466:
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1275:United States
1271:
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1234:
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868:
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830:
825:
820:
817:
814:
813:
803:
795:
791:
787:
778:
768:
765:
757:
754:February 2017
747:
742:
740:
736:
730:
726:
725:
718:
709:
708:
699:
696:
688:
678:
674:
668:
667:
663:
657:
648:
647:
639:
637:
626:
623:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
577:oil depletion
574:
570:
564:
555:
552:
542:
539:
534:
530:
520:
518:
517:
512:
511:
501:
492:
490:
485:
481:
477:
472:
469:
465:
461:
456:
454:
449:
446:
441:
439:
435:
431:
422:
415:
411:
402:
400:
394:
384:
382:
372:
370:
365:
361:
359:
354:
350:
348:
344:
335:
331:
326:
317:
314:
310:
306:
301:
299:
295:
290:
288:
284:
280:
275:
265:
263:
252:
243:
241:
236:
234:
233:
227:
223:
219:
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
191:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
172:
167:
166:oil reservoir
162:
160:
159:oil resources
156:
152:
144:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
99:
90:
86:
81:
74:
73:
70:
65:
54:
39:
35:
30:
23:
4333:Oil reserves
4216:The Oil Drum
4177:
4170:
4163:
4156:
4149:
4143:
4135:
4128:
4122:
4115:
4107:
4089:
4082:
4075:
4068:
4061:
4054:
4047:
4040:
3924:Price of oil
3919:Pickens Plan
3914:Permaculture
3752:. Retrieved
3739:
3729:suggested) (
3702:. Retrieved
3688:
3657:. Retrieved
3646:
3631:
3620:. Retrieved
3609:
3597:. Retrieved
3592:
3583:
3571:. Retrieved
3568:Fox Business
3567:
3557:
3546:. Retrieved
3536:
3525:. Retrieved
3515:
3506:
3496:
3487:
3477:
3466:. Retrieved
3440:
3405:
3393:
3376:
3365:. Retrieved
3355:
3333:
3327:
3299:cite journal
3288:. Retrieved
3274:
3264:suggested) (
3238:. Retrieved
3233:
3224:
3203:cite journal
3192:. Retrieved
3178:
3165:
3146:
3112:
3078:
3058:. Retrieved
3027:. Retrieved
3022:
3010:
2999:. Retrieved
2971:The Asylum,
2967:
2956:. Retrieved
2946:
2936:suggested) (
2909:cite journal
2898:. Retrieved
2891:the original
2845:. Retrieved
2840:
2831:
2818:
2783:
2782:
2717:
2715:10 m).
2707:updated the
2702:
2669:
2642:
2637:
2627:
2611:
2601:
2593:
2580:
2570:
2562:
2558:
2297:
1896:
1857:
1833:
1817:
1799:
1757:
1692:
1618:
1611:
1604:
1597:
1592:Saudi Arabia
1590:
1583:
1576:
1569:
1564:
1556:
1547:
1539:
1515:
1500:
1491:
1484:Please help
1478:
1477:rather than
1474:
1472:
1461:
1438:
1430:
1417:
1394:
891:Saudi Arabia
789:
760:
751:
744:Please help
738:
737:rather than
734:
732:
721:
691:
682:
660:
635:
632:
621:
619:
609:future value
601:legend (map)
550:
548:
537:
536:
533:Oil in place
514:
510:oil in place
508:
506:
473:
468:economically
467:
463:
457:
453:undiscovered
452:
450:
444:
442:
437:
433:
427:
396:
378:
368:
363:
362:
357:
352:
351:
346:
342:
339:
302:
297:
296:" (PD) and "
293:
291:
286:
282:
278:
277:
258:
237:
230:
216:Because the
215:
203:Saudi Arabia
192:
187:
183:
171:oil in place
169:
163:
158:
151:Oil reserves
150:
149:
22:old revision
19:
18:
4250:Other peaks
3832:Core issues
1488:if you can.
748:if you can.
589:Oil barrels
464:technically
20:This is an
4327:Categories
4292:Phosphorus
4084:Power Down
4070:Out of Gas
4049:Beyond Oil
3704:23 January
3659:2008-07-24
3622:2008-08-12
3548:2008-08-20
3527:2008-08-23
3468:2008-08-23
3367:2008-08-19
3290:2008-08-23
3240:2008-11-22
3194:2008-05-24
3060:2008-04-20
3029:2008-04-20
3001:2008-04-20
2958:2008-04-17
2900:2014-08-19
2847:4 December
2811:References
2687:, and the
2679:provinces—
2656:See also:
1179:Kazakhstan
836:Production
831:Production
784:See also:
662:neutrality
597:tank truck
3725:ignored (
3668:cite news
3260:ignored (
2932:ignored (
2724:tight oil
1606:Venezuela
1475:resources
1399:1,324.00
859:Venezuela
833:10 bbl/d
735:resources
673:talk page
484:oil shale
405:Resources
199:Venezuela
79:Layzeeboi
28:Layzeeboi
4338:Peak oil
4287:Minerals
4116:Collapse
3825:Peak oil
3754:June 11,
3714:cite web
3507:Newsweek
3488:BBC News
3249:cite web
2768:Peak oil
2731:See also
1479:reserves
1462:require
1402:210.499
826:Reserves
821:Reserves
818:Country
739:reserves
722:require
685:May 2015
666:disputed
593:oil well
480:oil sand
364:Possible
353:Probable
347:possible
343:probable
330:oil well
184:reserves
89:contribs
38:contribs
4151:GasHole
3599:June 3,
3573:18 July
1620:Nigeria
1464:cleanup
1339:Algeria
1147:Nigeria
1090:12.719
1058:15.549
1026:16.137
1023:101.50
994:22.751
991:143.10
962:24.039
959:151.20
930:27.823
927:175.00
898:42.195
895:265.40
866:47.140
863:296.50
838:10 m/d
823:10 bbl
724:cleanup
218:geology
4267:Copper
3953:People
3700:. USGS
3618:. USGS
3595:. 2010
3344:
3153:
3119:
3085:
2841:bp.com
2683:, the
2547:296.5
2541:264.5
2538:101.5
2535:143.1
2532:151.2
2518:211.1
2512:264.6
2509:101.5
2506:115.0
2503:137.0
2489:172.3
2483:264.1
2480:101.5
2477:115.0
2474:137.6
2454:264.2
2451:101.5
2448:115.0
2445:138.2
2425:264.3
2422:101.5
2419:115.0
2416:138.4
2396:264.2
2393:101.5
2390:115.0
2387:137.5
2367:264.3
2364:101.5
2361:115.0
2358:132.7
2338:262.7
2332:115.0
2329:133.3
2309:262.8
2303:115.0
2276:262.7
2270:115.0
2247:262.8
2241:112.5
2218:262.8
2212:112.5
2189:261.5
2183:112.5
2160:261.5
2154:112.5
2131:261.4
2125:112.0
2102:261.5
2096:100.0
2073:261.4
2067:100.0
2044:261.4
2038:100.0
2015:261.2
2009:100.0
1986:260.9
1980:100.0
1957:260.3
1951:100.0
1928:260.1
1922:100.0
1889:100.0
1866:169.6
1829:169.7
1792:171.5
1763:171.7
1730:168.8
1701:165.5
1668:167.9
1639:168.0
1585:Kuwait
1418:Notes:
1408:9,010
1378:2.099
1375:13.20
1371:Brazil
1346:2.134
1343:13.42
1314:2.146
1311:13.50
1307:Angola
1288:1,110
1282:3.975
1279:25.00
1250:4.038
1247:25.40
1218:4.040
1215:25.41
1186:4.770
1183:30.00
1154:5.883
1151:37.00
1122:7.472
1119:47.00
1096:1,590
1087:80.00
1083:Russia
1055:97.80
1019:Kuwait
923:Canada
904:1,410
843:years
482:, and
381:Russia
334:Canada
279:Proven
213:(9%).
207:Canada
4307:Wheat
4302:Water
4236:REN21
4123:Crude
4034:Books
3748:(PDF)
3698:(PDF)
3445:(PDF)
3284:(PDF)
3188:(PDF)
3054:(PDF)
3019:(PDF)
2894:(PDF)
2887:(PDF)
2553:36.2
2550:47.1
2544:97.8
2529:2010
2524:36.2
2521:46.4
2515:97.8
2500:2009
2495:36.2
2492:43.7
2486:97.8
2471:2008
2466:36.2
2463:43.7
2460:99.4
2457:97.8
2442:2007
2437:36.2
2434:41.5
2431:87.3
2428:97.8
2413:2006
2408:36.2
2405:41.5
2402:80.0
2399:97.8
2384:2005
2379:35.9
2376:39.1
2373:79.7
2370:97.8
2355:2004
2350:35.3
2347:39.1
2344:77.2
2341:97.8
2335:99.0
2326:2003
2321:34.3
2318:36.0
2315:77.3
2312:97.8
2306:96.5
2298:130.7
2293:2002
2288:31.5
2285:36.0
2282:77.7
2279:97.8
2273:96.5
2267:99.1
2264:2001
2259:29.0
2256:36.0
2253:76.8
2250:97.8
2244:96.5
2238:99.5
2235:2000
2230:29.0
2227:29.5
2224:76.8
2221:97.8
2215:96.5
2209:93.1
2206:1999
2201:22.5
2198:29.5
2195:76.1
2192:97.8
2186:96.5
2180:93.7
2177:1998
2172:20.8
2169:29.5
2166:74.9
2163:97.8
2157:96.5
2151:92.6
2148:1997
2143:20.8
2140:29.5
2137:72.7
2134:97.8
2128:96.5
2122:92.6
2119:1996
2114:20.8
2111:29.5
2108:66.3
2105:98.1
2099:96.5
2093:93.7
2090:1995
2085:21.0
2082:22.8
2079:64.9
2076:98.1
2070:96.5
2064:94.3
2061:1994
2056:21.0
2053:22.8
2050:64.4
2047:98.1
2041:96.5
2035:92.9
2032:1993
2027:21.0
2024:22.8
2021:63.3
2018:98.1
2012:96.5
2006:92.9
2003:1992
1998:20.0
1995:22.8
1992:62.6
1989:98.1
1983:96.5
1977:92.9
1974:1991
1969:17.1
1966:22.8
1963:60.1
1960:98.1
1954:97.0
1948:92.9
1945:1990
1940:16.0
1937:22.8
1934:59.0
1931:98.1
1925:97.1
1919:92.9
1916:1989
1911:16.0
1908:22.8
1905:58.5
1902:98.1
1897:255.0
1892:94.5
1886:92.9
1883:1988
1878:16.0
1875:22.8
1872:58.1
1869:98.1
1863:94.5
1858:100.0
1853:92.9
1850:1987
1845:16.1
1842:22.8
1839:55.5
1826:94.5
1823:72.0
1813:1986
1808:16.6
1805:21.3
1795:33.0
1789:92.5
1786:65.0
1783:59.0
1780:1985
1775:16.7
1772:21.4
1769:28.0
1766:32.5
1753:65.0
1750:58.9
1747:1984
1742:16.6
1739:21.8
1736:25.9
1733:32.3
1727:67.0
1724:65.0
1721:55.3
1718:1983
1713:16.8
1710:22.2
1707:24.9
1704:32.4
1698:67.2
1688:56.1
1685:1982
1680:16.5
1677:22.6
1674:19.9
1671:32.2
1665:67.7
1662:32.0
1659:57.0
1656:1981
1651:16.7
1648:20.3
1645:19.5
1642:30.4
1636:67.9
1633:30.0
1630:58.3
1627:1980
1613:Libya
1405:56.7
1243:China
1211:Qatar
1115:Libya
1093:10.0
828:10 m
445:known
4312:Wood
4297:Soil
4282:Gold
4272:Food
4262:Coal
4221:OPEC
4144:Fuel
3756:2013
3731:help
3706:2010
3680:help
3601:2012
3593:OPEC
3575:2011
3342:ISBN
3319:link
3312:help
3266:help
3216:help
3151:ISBN
3117:ISBN
3083:ISBN
2938:help
2922:help
2849:2013
2843:. BP
2705:USGS
1834:97.2
1818:92.9
1800:54.5
1758:92.7
1693:59.0
1578:Iraq
1571:Iran
1565:Year
1384:330
1381:2.1
1352:270
1349:1.7
1320:300
1317:1.9
1285:7.0
1256:650
1253:4.1
1224:170
1221:1.1
1192:240
1189:1.5
1160:400
1157:2.5
1128:270
1125:1.7
1067:156
1064:380
1061:2.4
1035:121
1032:370
1029:2.3
1003:163
1000:540
997:3.4
987:Iraq
971:101
968:650
965:4.1
955:Iran
939:178
936:430
933:2.7
901:8.9
875:387
872:330
869:2.1
659:The
620:The
549:The
531:and
466:and
458:The
436:and
345:and
211:Iran
195:OPEC
131:diff
125:) |
123:diff
111:diff
85:talk
34:talk
4277:Gas
4257:Car
3387:EIA
1599:UAE
1411:64
1387:17
1360:17
1355:22
1328:16
1323:19
1296:15
1291:10
1264:14
1259:15
1232:13
1227:63
1200:12
1195:55
1168:11
1163:41
1136:10
1131:76
1099:22
907:81
613:USD
585:BBL
581:MCF
379:In
332:in
328:An
289:".
155:oil
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