558:
1292:
848:
1100:
1514:
972:
767:
856:
1324:
940:
416:
405:
242:
2856:
1228:
908:
1196:
1388:
642:
1629:
1068:
1356:
1709:
1260:
1164:
1420:
1036:
1004:
1132:
134:
703:
1665:, and West Greenland–East Canada. It was further estimated that approximately 84% of the oil and gas would occur offshore. The USGS did not consider economic factors such as the effects of permanent sea ice or oceanic water depth in its assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources. This assessment was lower than a 2000 survey, which had included lands south of the Arctic Circle.
320:
1502:
615:
production restrictions. The curve can be expressed mathematically or plotted on a graph to estimate future production. It has the advantage of (implicitly) including all reservoir characteristics. It requires a sufficient history to establish a statistically significant trend, ideally when production is not curtailed by regulatory or other artificial conditions.
495:
536:
number. Current recovery factors for oil fields around the world typically range between 10 and 60 percent; some are over 80 percent. The wide variance is due largely to the diversity of fluid and reservoir characteristics for different deposits. The method is most useful early in the life of the reservoir, before significant production has occurred.
549:
that depends on the remaining volume of oil and gas. The method requires extensive pressure-volume-temperature analysis and an accurate pressure history of the field. It requires some production to occur (typically 5% to 10% of ultimate recovery), unless reliable pressure history can be used from a field with similar rock and fluid characteristics.
295:" (PUD). PD reserves are reserves that can be produced with existing wells and perforations, or from additional reservoirs where minimal additional investment (operating expense) is required. PUD reserves require additional capital investment (e.g., drilling new wells) to bring the oil to the surface.
535:
attempt to determine the amount of oil in place by using the size of the reservoir as well as the physical properties of its rocks and fluids. Then a recovery factor is assumed, using assumptions from fields with similar characteristics. OIP is multiplied by the recovery factor to arrive at a reserve
250:
All reserve estimates involve uncertainty, depending on the amount of reliable geologic and engineering data available and the interpretation of that data. The relative degree of uncertainty can be expressed by dividing reserves into two principal classifications—"proven" (or "proved") and "unproven"
1696:
and tight gas resources in shale formations, "Technically
Recoverable Shale Oil and Shale Gas Resources: An Assessment of 137 Shale Formations in 41 Countries Outside the United States." The inventory is incomplete due to exclusion of tight oil and gas from sources other than shale such as sandstone
481:
deposits. Unlike "conventional resources", in which the petroleum is recovered through wellbores and typically requires minimal processing prior to sale, unconventional resources require specialized extraction technology to produce. For example, steam and/or solvents are used to mobilize bitumen for
335:
Unproven reserves are based on geological and/or engineering data similar to that used in estimates of proven reserves, but technical, contractual, or regulatory uncertainties preclude such reserves being classified as proven. Unproven reserves may be used internally by oil companies and government
2377:
PennWell
Corporation, Oil & Gas Journal, Vol. 105.48 (December 24, 2007), except United States. Oil includes crude oil and condensate. Data for the United States are from the Energy Information Administration, U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves, 2006 Annual Report,
614:
uses production data to fit a decline curve and estimate future oil production. The three most common forms of decline curves are exponential, hyperbolic, and harmonic. It is assumed that the production will decline on a reasonably smooth curve, and so allowances must be made for wells shut in and
548:
for an oil field uses an equation that relates the volume of oil, water and gas that has been produced from a reservoir and the change in reservoir pressure to calculate the remaining oil. It assumes that, as fluids from the reservoir are produced, there will be a change in the reservoir pressure
442:
accumulations, but the applied project(s) are not yet considered mature enough for commercial development due to one or more contingencies. Contingent resources may include, for example, projects for which there are no viable markets, or where commercial recovery is dependent on technology under
361:
reserves are attributed to known accumulations that have a less likely chance of being recovered than probable reserves. This term is often used for reserves which are claimed to have at least a 10% certainty of being produced ("P10"). Reasons for classifying reserves as possible include varying
310:
do not disclose verifying data to support their claims. Since
January 2010 the SEC now allows companies to also provide additional optional information declaring 2P (both proven and probable) and 3P (proven plus probable plus possible) provided the evaluation is verified by qualified third party
1509:
Since OPEC started to set production quotas on the basis of reserves levels in the 1980s, many of its members have reported significant increases in their official reserves. There are doubts about the reliability of these estimates, which are not provided with any form of verification that meet
362:
interpretations of geology, reserves not producible at commercial rates, uncertainty due to reserve infill (seepage from adjacent areas) and projected reserves based on future recovery methods. The cumulative amount of proven, probable and possible resources are referred to in the industry as "
465:
recoverable resources when making its petroleum resource assessments. Technically recoverable resources represent that proportion of assessed in-place petroleum that may be recoverable using current recovery technology, without regard to cost. Economically recoverable resources are technically
245:
Schematic graph illustrating petroleum volumes and probabilities. Curves represent categories of oil in assessment. There is a 95% chance (i.e., probability, F95) of at least volume V1 of economically recoverable oil, and there is a 5-percent chance (F05) of at least volume V2 of economically
1521:
The sudden revisions in OPEC reserves, totaling nearly 300 bn barrels, have been much debated. Some of it is defended partly by the shift in ownership of reserves away from international oil companies, some of whom were obliged to report reserves under conservative US Securities and
Exchange
280:(normally at least 90% confidence) of being recoverable under existing economic and political conditions, with existing technology. Industry specialists refer to this as "P90" (that is, having a 90% certainty of being produced). Proven reserves are also known in the industry as "
378:, reserves categories A, B, and C1 correspond roughly to proved developed producing, proved developed nonproducing, and proved undeveloped, respectively; the designation ABC1 corresponds to proved reserves. The Russian category C2 includes probable and possible reserves.
1648:
liquids in 25 geologically defined areas thought to have potential for petroleum. This represented 13% of the expected undiscovered oil in the world. Of the estimated totals, more than half of the undiscovered oil resources were estimated to occur in just three geologic
350:
reserves are attributed to known accumulations and claim a 50% confidence level of recovery. Industry specialists refer to them as "P50" (i.e., having a 50% certainty of being produced). The sum of proven plus probable reserves is also referred to in the industry as
1697:
or carbonates, formations underlying the large oil fields located in the Middle East and the
Caspian region, off shore formations, or about which there is little information. Estimated technically recoverable shale oil resources total 335 to 345 billion barrels.
251:(or "unproved"). Unproven reserves can further be divided into two subcategories—"probable" and "possible"—to indicate the relative degree of uncertainty about their existence. The most commonly accepted definitions of these are based on those approved by the
1522:
Commission rules. The most prominent explanation of the revisions is prompted by a change in OPEC rules which set production quotas (partly) on reserves. In any event, the revisions in official data had little to do with the actual discovery of new reserves.
570:(green line), and gas depletion (red line). The X axis is a coordinate scale, indicating time in years and displays the production decline curve. The top red line is the gas decline curve, which is a hyperbolic decline curve. Gas is measured in
2378:
DOE/EIA-0216(2007) (November 2007). Oil & Gas
Journal's oil reserve estimate for Canada includes 5.392 billion barrels (857,300,000 m) of conventional crude oil and condensate reserves and 173.2 billion barrels (2.754
152:, which include all oil that can be technically recovered at any price. Reserves may be for a well, a reservoir, a field, a nation, or the world. Different classifications of reserves are related to their degree of certainty.
219:
have increased the accuracy of these techniques, significant uncertainties still remain. In general, most early estimates of the reserves of an oil field are conservative and tend to grow with time. This phenomenon is called
396:, approximately 4.1 billion barrels (650,000,000 m) of oil are held in strategic reserves, of which 1.4 billion is government-controlled. These reserves are generally not counted when computing a nation's oil reserves.
1584:, has estimated that Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates have overstated reserves by a combined 320–390bn barrels and has said, "As for Iran, the usually accepted official 132 billion barrels (2.10
623:
Experience shows that initial estimates of the size of newly discovered oil fields are usually too low. As years pass, successive estimates of the ultimate recovery of fields tend to increase. The term
1853:
2690:
Christopher J. Schenk; Troy A. Cook; Ronald R. Charpentier; Richard M. Pollastro; Timothy R. Klett; Marilyn E. Tennyson; Mark A. Kirschbaum; Michael E. Brownfield; Janet K. Pitman. (11 January 2010).
842:
1545: m) and did not make any important new discoveries during that period. The case of Saudi Arabia is also striking, with proven reserves estimated at between 260 and 264 billion barrels (4.20
1806:
3073:
1493:
It is estimated that between 100 and 135 billion tonnes (which equals between 133 and 180 billions m of oil) of the world's oil reserves have been used between 1850 and the present.
514:. The portion that can be recovered is considered to be a reserve. The portion that is not recoverable is not included unless and until methods are implemented to produce it.
1860:
2395:
466:
recoverable petroleum for which the costs of discovery, development, production, and transport, including a return to capital, can be recovered at a given market price.
181:. Determining a recovery factor for a given field depends on several features of the operation, including method of oil recovery used and technological developments.
78:
33:
2154:
1602: m), of which half were proven and half were possible. The combined value of proven and possible is half of the official public estimate of proven reserves.
423:
A more sophisticated system of evaluating petroleum accumulations was adopted in 2007 by the
Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE), World Petroleum Council (WPC),
3080:
1661:. More than 70% of the mean undiscovered oil resources was estimated to occur in five provinces: Arctic Alaska, Amerasia Basin, East Greenland Rift Basins,
450:
accumulations by application of future development projects. Prospective resources have both an associated chance of discovery and a chance of development.
1576: m) of proven reserves should be recategorized as speculative resources, though he did not specify which countries had inflated their reserves. Dr.
148:
that can be technically recovered at a cost that is financially feasible at the present price of oil. Hence reserves will change with the price, unlike
3222:
3168:
1525:
Total reserves in many OPEC countries hardly changed in the 1990s. Official reserves in Kuwait, for example, were unchanged at 96.5 Gbbl (15.34
482:
in-situ recovery. Moreover, the extracted petroleum may require significant processing prior to sale (e.g., bitumen upgraders). The total amount of
2905:
1774:
566:
software, utilized in petroleum economics to indicate the depletion of oil & gas in a ] The Y axis is a semi log scale, indicating the rate of
71:
26:
2020:
306:
allowed oil companies to report to investors. Companies listed on U.S. stock exchanges must substantiate their claims, but many governments and
2742:"Technically Recoverable Shale Oil and Shale Gas Resources: An Assessment of 137 Shale Formations in 41 Countries Outside the United States"
2560:
574:(thousand cubic feet in this case). The lower Blue line is the oil decline curve, which is an exponential decline curve. Oil is measured in
1747:
486:
resources in the world considerably exceeds the amount of conventional oil reserves, but are much more difficult and expensive to develop.
424:
392:
Many countries maintain government-controlled oil reserves for both economic and national security reasons. According to the United States
3175:
427:(AAPG), and Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers (SPEE). It incorporates the 1997 definitions for reserves, but adds categories for
2784:
233:
for their oil reserves. The numbers disclosed by some national governments are suspected of being manipulated for political reasons.
557:
1104:
775:
2768:
582:). Data is from actual sales, not pumped production. The dips to zero indicate there were no sales that month, likely because the
114:
102:
2880:
1535: m) (including its share of the Neutral Zone) from 1991 to 2002, even though the country produced more than 8 Gbbl (1.3
2222:
1985:
1769:
789:
173:, only a fraction of this oil can be brought to the surface, and it is only this producible fraction that is considered to be
3202:
3066:
2315:
2056:
118:
98:
594:
displays CUM, which is the cumulative gas or oil produced. ULT is the ultimate recovery projected for the well. Pv10 is the
110:
446:
Prospective resources are those quantities of petroleum estimated, as of a given date, to be potentially recoverable from
1727:
1619:
469:"Unconventional resources" exist in petroleum accumulations that are pervasive throughout a large area. Examples include
438:
Contingent resources are those quantities of petroleum estimated, as of a given date, to be potentially recoverable from
387:
2925:
2812:
2342:
2161:
303:
2277:
2845:
2124:
2090:
1689:
1328:
753:
684:
393:
311:
consultants, though many companies choose to use 2P and 3P estimates only for internal purposes.this is really true.
1549:
10 m) in the past 18 years, a variation of less than 2%, while extracting approximately 60 billion barrels (9.5
628:
refers to the typical increases in estimated ultimate recovery that occur as oil fields are developed and produced.
3105:
1636:
A 2008 United States
Geological Survey estimates that areas north of the Arctic Circle have 90 billion barrels (1.4
1592:
reported that official confidential
Kuwaiti documents estimate reserves of Kuwait were only 48 billion barrels (7.6
651:
454:
510:
2334:
770:
Trends in proved oil reserves in top five countries, 1980-2013 (date from US Energy
Information Administration)
252:
3207:
1605:
In July 2011, OPEC's Annual Statistical Review showed Venezuela's reserves to be larger than Saudi Arabia's.
735:
2727:
2262:
2208:
1907:
1581:
1477:
944:
2689:
3197:
419:
Cumulative oil production plus remaining reserves and undiscovered resources. United States not included.
1556:
Sadad al-Huseini, former head of exploration and production at Saudi Aramco, estimates 300 Gbbl (48
188:
at the beginning of 2013 the highest proved oil reserves including non-conventional oil deposits are in
2961:
2741:
2394:
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) – U.S. Government – U.S. Dept. of Energy, September, 2011
443:
development, or where evaluation of the accumulation is insufficient to clearly assess commerciality.
1658:
912:
718:
2779:
2308:
2192:
1891:
229:
Many oil-producing nations do not reveal their reservoir engineering field data and instead provide
2773:
2676:
2458:
1623:
595:
508:(OIP). Only a fraction of this oil can be recovered from a reservoir. This fraction is called the
2406:
1200:
523:
336:
agencies for future planning purposes but are not routinely compiled. They are sub-classified as
256:
170:
3087:
2805:
2613:"90 Billion Barrels of Oil and 1,670 Trillion Cubic Feet of Natural Gas Assessed in the Arctic"
1722:
1136:
1072:
976:
655:
563:
212:
193:
3329:
3227:
3161:
2991:
2956:
2835:
2383:
2295:
2179:
1878:
1678:
1168:
216:
166:
2634:
1964:
3133:
3038:
1942:
1577:
1099:
1040:
1008:
307:
177:. The ratio of reserves to the total amount of oil in a particular reservoir is called the
2649:
2436:
2357:
847:
666:
8:
3126:
3006:
2966:
2875:
2870:
2840:
57:
575:
3192:
3059:
2976:
2691:
2664:
1742:
1662:
483:
408:
2585:
1835:
3334:
3118:
3011:
2890:
2798:
2710:
2338:
2245:
2230:
2120:
2086:
2052:
1513:
713:
21:
2996:
2612:
2981:
2692:"An Estimate of Recoverable Heavy Oil Resources of the Orinoco Oil Belt, Venezuela"
2140:
1759:
1640:
10 m) of undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and 44 billion barrels (7.0
2480:
3288:
3237:
3111:
3021:
3016:
2986:
2971:
2930:
1764:
1732:
470:
299:
268:
3154:
3052:
3001:
2940:
1921:
1654:
1232:
855:
766:
201:
3323:
3283:
3268:
2935:
2900:
2895:
2885:
2410:
2083:
Nontechnical Guide to Petroleum Geology, Exploration, Drilling and Production
1714:
1650:
1323:
567:
156:
215:
must be used to estimate the size and recoverability of the resource. While
3212:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2538:
1793:
939:
599:
591:
527:
504:
415:
404:
161:
106:
2278:"Enhanced Oil Recovery using Carbon Dioxide in the European Energy System"
786:= barrel of oil. A sample calculation for the reserve/production ratio is
241:
3263:
3139:
2517:
1645:
1392:
2855:
3303:
3298:
3045:
2776:, including many charts and graphs on the world's energy supply and use
1424:
1360:
1227:
781:
587:
579:
571:
133:
3308:
3293:
3278:
3258:
1693:
1628:
1296:
1264:
907:
478:
189:
145:
1588:
10 m) is almost one hundred billion over any realistic assay."
1480:(in years), calculated as reserves / annual production. (from above)
602:
of the remaining lease, valued for this oil well at $ 1.089 million
3273:
3253:
2821:
2499:
1737:
586:
did not produce a full tank, and thus was not worth a visit from a
583:
474:
324:
662:
3147:
1708:
1387:
1195:
208:
2610:
2438:
WORLD ENERGY OUTLOOK 2005:Middle East and North Africa Insights
1419:
1355:
1131:
1067:
971:
375:
328:
319:
197:
159:, including both producible and non-producible oil, is called
3232:
1291:
1259:
1163:
2561:"Venezuela Oil Reserves Surpassed Saudi Arabia In 2010-OPEC"
2117:
Standard Handbook Of Petroleum & Natural Gas Engineering
498:
Example of a production decline curve for an individual well
494:
3217:
2790:
2774:
Energy Supply page on the Global Education Project web site
1674:
1035:
1003:
185:
2518:"Oil reserves over-inflated by 300bn barrels – al-Huseini"
2382:
10 m) of oil sands reserves. Information collated by
60:
to this revision, which may differ significantly from the
2747:. U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). June 2013
2650:"USGS: 25% Arctic oil, gas estimate a reporter's mistake"
2611:
United States Geological Survey, (USGS) (July 27, 2008).
603:
2021:"Glossary of Terms Used in Petroleum Reserves/Resources"
1859:. U.S. Energy Information Administration. Archived from
859:
Most of the world's oil reserves are in the Middle East.
837:{\displaystyle (296.5\times 1000)/(2.1\times 365)=386.8}
1668:
1501:
2444:. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY. 2005. pp. 125–126.
2229:. U.S. Department of Energy. June 2008. Archived from
2046:
1799:
1692:
published a global inventory of estimated recoverable
502:
The amount of oil in a subsurface reservoir is called
62:
1854:"The Intricate Puzzle of Oil and Gas Reserves Growth"
792:
1704:
331:, which has the world's third largest oil reserves.
3223:Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries
3169:The Power of Community: How Cuba Survived Peak Oil
1851:
836:
552:
2461:. Petroleum Intelligence Weekly. January 30, 2006
3321:
2906:Oil and gas reserves and resource quantification
1775:List of countries by natural gas proven reserves
631:
2541:. ASPO-USA's Peak Oil Review. February 20, 2006
2047:Wright, Charlotte J.; Rebecca A Gallun (2008).
1613:
381:
211:of the subsurface cannot be examined directly,
2683:
2358:"World Proved Reserves of Oil and Natural Gas"
2119:. Gulf Professional Publishing. pp. 5–6.
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
1632:Location of Arctic Basins assessed by the USGS
276:reserves are those reserves claimed to have a
2806:
2459:"Oil Reserves Accounting: The Case Of Kuwait"
2328:
723:The table in this section presently presents
411:resources are greater than conventional ones.
369:
287:Proven reserves are further subdivided into "
2453:
2451:
2360:. US Energy Information Administration. 2007
1794:Petroleum reserves and resources definitions
1681:, in Venezuela, to 513 billion barrels (8.16
1566: m) of the world's 1,200 Gbbl (190
425:American Association of Petroleum Geologists
3176:What a Way to Go: Life at the End of Empire
2734:
2652:. Vol. Vol. 12, No. 42. Petroleum News
2647:
2283:. European Commission Joint Research Center
2152:
2006:
1847:
1845:
539:
2813:
2799:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2275:
2085:. PennWell Corporation. pp. 431–449.
2051:(5 ed.). PenWell Books. p. 750.
864:Summary of Proven Reserve Data as of 2012
665:. Please do not remove this message until
2531:
2448:
2329:Green, Don W.; Willhite, G. Paul (1998),
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2042:
2040:
754:Learn how and when to remove this message
685:Learn how and when to remove this message
2586:"OPEC Share of World Crude Oil Reserves"
2153:Alboudwarej; et al. (Summer 2006).
2049:Fundamentals of Oil & Gas Accounting
1842:
1627:
1608:
1512:
1500:
854:
846:
776:List of countries by proven oil reserves
765:
661:Relevant discussion may be found on the
556:
493:
489:
414:
403:
366:" (proven plus probable plus possible).
318:
240:
155:The total estimated amount of oil in an
132:
43:
2632:
2510:
2497:
2416:
2223:"Defining the Limits of Oil Production"
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
1965:"Petroleum Resources Management System"
1836:"OPEC Share of World Oil Reserves 2010"
69:
14:
3322:
2558:
2498:Maugeri, Leonardo (January 23, 2006).
2099:
2037:
2026:. Society of Petroleum Engineers. 2005
1995:. Society of Petroleum Engineers. 1997
1967:. Society of Petroleum Engineers. 2007
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1830:
1828:
1770:World energy resources and consumption
1690:U.S. Energy Information Administration
70:Revision as of 08:42, 25 June 2019 by
3203:International Renewable Energy Agency
2794:
2780:Oil reserves (most recent) by country
2396:EIA - International Energy Statistics
2114:
1993:Petroleum Resources Management System
40:
25:
2787:BP Statistical Review of Energy 2013
2478:
2080:
2065:
1669:Unconventional prospective resources
696:
635:
517:
314:
222:
87:
48:
17:
2881:Global energy crisis (2021–present)
2635:"Oil Survey Says Arctic Has Riches"
2269:
1948:
1825:
1728:Global strategic petroleum reserves
1620:Petroleum exploration in the Arctic
851:Countries with largest oil reserves
388:global strategic petroleum reserves
230:
127:
96:
2926:Renewable energy commercialization
2785:Statistical Review of World Energy
618:
304:Securities and Exchange Commission
262:
236:
137:A map of world oil reserves, 2013.
128:
3346:
2846:Predicting the timing of peak oil
2762:
2481:"How much oil do we really have?"
2413:, 8 May 2009. Retrieved Mar 2014.
2227:International Energy Outlook 2008
2160:. Oilfield Review. Archived from
1496:
394:Energy Information Administration
171:petroleum extraction technologies
130:proven oil reserves in the ground
56:. The present address (URL) is a
3106:A Crude Awakening: The Oil Crash
2854:
2769:OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin
2648:Alan Bailey (October 21, 2007).
2539:"On Middle Eastern Oil Reserves"
2500:"The Saudis May Have Enough Oil"
2139:Society of Petroleum Engineers,
1986:"Petroleum Reserves Definitions"
1792:Society of Petroleum Engineers,
1707:
1580:, a former senior expert of the
1418:
1386:
1354:
1322:
1290:
1258:
1226:
1194:
1162:
1130:
1098:
1066:
1034:
1002:
970:
938:
906:
701:
640:
2641:
2626:
2604:
2578:
2559:Faucon, Benoit (18 July 2011).
2552:
2491:
2472:
2400:
2388:
2371:
2350:
2322:
2215:
2146:
2133:
1553:10 m) during this period.
1510:external reporting standards.
1449:Total of top seventeen reserves
553:Production decline curve method
455:United States Geological Survey
2633:MOUAWAD, JAD (July 24, 2008).
2335:Society of Petroleum Engineers
2314:CS1 maint: extra punctuation (
1978:
1935:
1914:
1786:
1517:Oil reserves of OPEC 1980–2005
825:
813:
805:
793:
731:, according to SPE definition.
253:Society of Petroleum Engineers
200:(13% of global reserves), and
13:
1:
3208:Oil Depletion Analysis Centre
2479:Adam, Porter (15 July 2005).
1780:
1590:Petroleum Intelligence Weekly
632:Estimated reserves by country
2820:
1677:updated the quantity of the
1614:Arctic prospective resources
1582:National Iranian Oil Company
399:
382:Strategic petroleum reserves
302:were the only type the U.S.
7:
3198:International Energy Agency
1852:David F. Morehouse (1997).
1748:Strategic Petroleum Reserve
1700:
1478:Reserve to Production ratio
1464:
1440:
1408:
1376:
1344:
1312:
1280:
1248:
1216:
1184:
1152:
1120:
1088:
1056:
1024:
992:
960:
928:
721:. The specific problem is:
667:conditions to do so are met
562:Decline curve generated by
24:of this page, as edited by
10:
3351:
2407:How Much Oil Have We Used?
2115:Lyons, William C. (2005).
1659:East Greenland Rift Basins
1617:
773:
521:
385:
370:Russian reserve categories
355:" (proven plus probable).
266:
196:(18% of global reserves),
192:(20% of global reserves),
85:
46:
3246:
3185:
3097:
3030:
2949:
2863:
2852:
2828:
1807:"Oil reserve definitions"
1469:
895:Reserve/ Production Ratio
298:Until December 2009 "1P"
167:reservoir characteristics
2155:"Highlighting Heavy Oil"
2081:Hyne, Norman J. (2001).
1924:. moneyterms.co.uk. 2008
1796:, accessed 24 Feb. 2017.
1624:Arctic methane emissions
596:discounted present value
546:materials balance method
540:Materials balance method
524:Extraction of petroleum
257:World Petroleum Council
3088:Twilight in the Desert
2724:|name-list-style=
2720:|last-author-amp=
2303:Cite journal requires
2187:Cite journal requires
2141:SPE Reserves Committee
1945:, 2011, Harper Collins
1886:Cite journal requires
1723:Decline curve analysis
1633:
1518:
1506:
860:
852:
838:
771:
607:
564:decline curve analysis
499:
420:
412:
332:
308:national oil companies
247:
165:. However, because of
138:
3228:Post Carbon Institute
2992:James Howard Kunstler
2957:Albert Allen Bartlett
2836:Fossil fuel phase-out
2331:Enhanced Oil Recovery
1922:"Proven Oil Reserves"
1754:Energy and resources:
1673:In October 2009, the
1631:
1609:Prospective resources
1516:
1504:
858:
850:
839:
769:
598:of 10%, which is the
560:
522:Further information:
497:
490:Estimation techniques
433:prospective resources
418:
407:
322:
244:
144:denote the amount of
136:
3162:PetroApocalypse Now?
3134:Escape from Suburbia
3039:The Limits to Growth
1943:Leah McGrath Goodman
1578:Ali Samsam Bakhtiari
1105:United Arab Emirates
790:
736:improve this section
717:to meet Knowledge's
612:decline curve method
429:contingent resources
278:reasonable certainty
3127:The End of Suburbia
3007:Dale Allen Pfeiffer
2967:Kenneth S. Deffeyes
2876:2000s energy crisis
2871:1970s energy crisis
2841:Hubbert peak theory
2276:E. Tzimas, (2005).
1663:East Barents Basins
865:
654:of this section is
213:indirect techniques
184:Based on data from
169:and limitations in
103:← Previous revision
41:08:42, 25 June 2019
3193:Energy Watch Group
3060:The Long Emergency
2977:John Michael Greer
2718:Unknown parameter
2520:. October 30, 2007
2253:Unknown parameter
2199:Unknown parameter
1898:Unknown parameter
1743:Petroleum Industry
1634:
1519:
1507:
863:
861:
853:
834:
772:
608:
590:. The upper right
533:Volumetric methods
500:
484:unconventional oil
421:
413:
409:Unconventional oil
333:
293:proven undeveloped
248:
139:
3317:
3316:
3098:Documentary films
3012:Richard Rainwater
2962:Colin J. Campbell
2891:Export Land Model
2864:Results/responses
2637:. New York Times.
2259:|url-status=
2205:|url-status=
2058:978-1-59370-137-6
1904:|url-status=
1866:on August 6, 2010
1688:In June 2013 the
1679:Orinoco tar sands
1491:
1490:
1486:
1483:
764:
763:
756:
719:quality standards
710:This section may
695:
694:
687:
561:
518:Volumetric method
315:Unproven reserves
88:→Proven reserves
49:→Proven reserves
3342:
3074:The Party's Over
2982:Richard Heinberg
2858:
2815:
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2017:
2004:
2003:
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1990:
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1849:
1840:
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1832:
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1822:
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1803:
1797:
1790:
1760:Petro-aggression
1717:
1712:
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1103:
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1038:
1007:
1006:
975:
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866:
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843:
841:
840:
835:
812:
759:
752:
748:
745:
739:
705:
704:
697:
690:
683:
679:
676:
670:
644:
643:
636:
289:proven developed
246:recoverable oil.
231:unaudited claims
217:new technologies
115:Newer revision →
93:
91:
90:
82:
65:
63:current revision
55:
54:
52:
51:
42:
38:
37:
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3339:
3320:
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3318:
3313:
3242:
3238:Transition town
3181:
3093:
3026:
3022:Matthew Simmons
3017:Michael Ruppert
2987:M. King Hubbert
2972:David Goodstein
2945:
2931:Rimini protocol
2859:
2850:
2824:
2819:
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2760:
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2723:
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2200:
2198:
2188:
2186:
2177:
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2170:
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2138:
2134:
2127:
2113:
2100:
2093:
2079:
2066:
2059:
2045:
2038:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2007:
1998:
1996:
1988:
1984:
1983:
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1970:
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1962:
1949:
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1936:
1927:
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1800:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1765:Energy security
1733:Oil exploration
1713:
1706:
1703:
1682:
1671:
1641:
1637:
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1616:
1611:
1595:
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1557:
1550:
1546:
1538:
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1499:
1417:
1385:
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1321:
1289:
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1225:
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1129:
1097:
1065:
1033:
1001:
969:
937:
905:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
844:for Venezuela.
808:
791:
788:
787:
778:
760:
749:
743:
740:
733:
706:
702:
691:
680:
674:
671:
660:
645:
641:
634:
621:
619:Reserves growth
555:
542:
530:
520:
511:recovery factor
492:
471:extra heavy oil
457:uses the terms
402:
390:
384:
372:
317:
300:proven reserves
271:
269:proven reserves
265:
263:Proven reserves
259:(WPC) in 1997.
239:
237:Classifications
223:reserves growth
179:recovery factor
131:
126:
125:
124:
123:
122:
107:Latest revision
95:
94:
86:
83:
76:
74:
61:
47:
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31:
29:
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5:
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3189:
3187:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3172:
3165:
3158:
3155:The Oil Factor
3151:
3144:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3053:The End of Oil
3049:
3042:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
3002:Jeremy Leggett
2999:
2997:Jean Laherrère
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2953:
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2947:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2941:Swing producer
2938:
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2777:
2771:
2764:
2763:External links
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2321:
2305:|journal=
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2189:|journal=
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1655:Amerasia Basin
1644:10 m) of
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1505:OPEC countries
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386:Main article:
383:
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267:Main article:
264:
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255:(SPE) and the
238:
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72:
58:permanent link
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2936:Simple living
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2901:Hirsch report
2899:
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2896:Food vs. fuel
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2886:Energy crisis
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2411:Science Daily
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2264:
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2233:on 2008-09-24
2232:
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2194:
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2167:on 2008-05-27
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2016:
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1994:
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1952:
1944:
1938:
1923:
1917:
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1893:
1880:
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1846:
1838:. OPEC. 2011.
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1715:Energy portal
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3330:Oil reserves
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2916:Pickens Plan
2911:Permaculture
2749:. Retrieved
2736:
2726:suggested) (
2699:. Retrieved
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2654:. Retrieved
2643:
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2606:
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2565:Fox Business
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2285:. Retrieved
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2235:. Retrieved
2231:the original
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2207:suggested) (
2180:cite journal
2169:. Retrieved
2162:the original
2148:
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2048:
2028:. Retrieved
1997:. Retrieved
1992:
1980:
1969:. Retrieved
1941:The Asylum,
1937:
1926:. Retrieved
1916:
1906:suggested) (
1879:cite journal
1868:. Retrieved
1861:the original
1815:. Retrieved
1810:
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1685:10 m).
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945:Saudi Arabia
782:
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741:
734:Please help
728:
727:rather than
724:
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650:
625:
622:
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609:
600:future value
592:legend (map)
545:
543:
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528:Oil in place
509:
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463:economically
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207:Because the
206:
194:Saudi Arabia
183:
178:
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162:oil in place
160:
154:
149:
142:Oil reserves
141:
140:
22:old revision
19:
18:
3247:Other peaks
2829:Core issues
1646:natural gas
738:if you can.
580:Oil barrels
459:technically
20:This is an
3324:Categories
3289:Phosphorus
3081:Power Down
3067:Out of Gas
3046:Beyond Oil
2701:23 January
2656:2008-07-24
2619:2008-08-12
2545:2008-08-20
2524:2008-08-23
2465:2008-08-23
2364:2008-08-19
2287:2008-08-23
2237:2008-11-22
2171:2008-05-24
2030:2008-04-20
1999:2008-04-20
1971:2008-04-20
1928:2008-04-17
1870:2014-08-19
1817:4 December
1781:References
1657:, and the
1649:provinces—
1618:See also:
1233:Kazakhstan
890:Production
885:Production
774:See also:
652:neutrality
588:tank truck
2722:ignored (
2665:cite news
2257:ignored (
2203:ignored (
1902:ignored (
1694:tight oil
1453:1,540.43
913:Venezuela
887:10 bbl/d
820:×
800:×
780:The unit
725:resources
663:talk page
479:oil shale
400:Resources
190:Venezuela
146:crude oil
3335:Peak oil
3284:Minerals
3113:Collapse
2822:Peak oil
2751:June 11,
2711:cite web
2504:Newsweek
2485:BBC News
2246:cite web
1738:Peak oil
1701:See also
1456:244.909
880:Reserves
875:Reserves
872:Country
729:reserves
712:require
675:May 2015
656:disputed
584:oil well
475:oil sand
359:Possible
348:Probable
342:possible
338:probable
325:oil well
175:reserves
3148:GasHole
2596:June 3,
2570:18 July
1393:Algeria
1201:Nigeria
1144:12.719
1112:15.549
1080:16.137
1077:101.50
1048:22.751
1045:143.10
1016:24.039
1013:151.20
984:27.823
981:175.00
952:42.195
949:265.40
920:47.140
917:296.50
892:10 m/d
877:10 bbl
714:cleanup
209:geology
3264:Copper
2950:People
2697:. USGS
2615:. USGS
2592:. 2010
2341:
2123:
2089:
2055:
1811:bp.com
1653:, the
1472:Notes:
1462:9,460
1432:2.099
1429:13.20
1425:Brazil
1400:2.134
1397:13.42
1368:2.146
1365:13.50
1361:Angola
1342:1,110
1336:3.975
1333:25.00
1304:4.038
1301:25.40
1272:4.040
1269:25.41
1240:4.770
1237:30.00
1208:5.883
1205:37.00
1176:7.472
1173:47.00
1150:1,590
1141:80.00
1137:Russia
1109:97.80
1073:Kuwait
977:Canada
958:1,410
897:years
477:, and
376:Russia
329:Canada
274:Proven
204:(9%).
198:Canada
3304:Wheat
3299:Water
3233:REN21
3120:Crude
3031:Books
2745:(PDF)
2695:(PDF)
2442:(PDF)
2281:(PDF)
2165:(PDF)
2158:(PDF)
2024:(PDF)
1989:(PDF)
1864:(PDF)
1857:(PDF)
1459:59.5
1297:China
1265:Qatar
1169:Libya
1147:10.0
882:10 m
832:386.8
797:296.5
440:known
3309:Wood
3294:Soil
3279:Gold
3269:Food
3259:Coal
3218:OPEC
3141:Fuel
2753:2013
2728:help
2703:2010
2677:help
2598:2012
2590:OPEC
2572:2011
2339:ISBN
2316:link
2309:help
2263:help
2209:help
2193:help
2121:ISBN
2087:ISBN
2053:ISBN
1908:help
1892:help
1819:2013
1813:. BP
1675:USGS
1622:and
1438:330
1435:2.1
1406:270
1403:1.7
1374:300
1371:1.9
1339:7.0
1310:650
1307:4.1
1278:170
1275:1.1
1246:240
1243:1.5
1214:400
1211:2.5
1182:270
1179:1.7
1118:380
1115:2.4
1086:370
1083:2.3
1057:115
1054:540
1051:3.4
1041:Iraq
1025:101
1022:650
1019:4.1
1009:Iran
993:178
990:430
987:2.7
955:8.9
929:387
926:330
923:2.1
803:1000
649:The
610:The
544:The
526:and
461:and
453:The
431:and
340:and
202:Iran
186:OPEC
119:diff
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111:diff
99:diff
79:talk
34:talk
3274:Gas
3254:Car
2384:EIA
1465:71
1441:17
1414:17
1409:15
1382:16
1377:19
1350:15
1345:10
1318:14
1313:17
1286:13
1254:12
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1222:11
1217:41
1190:10
1185:76
1153:15
1121:18
1089:27
961:82
823:365
817:2.1
783:bbl
604:USD
576:BBL
572:MCF
374:In
327:in
323:An
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