592:
1265:
956:
472:
681:
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42:
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full eight hour period, while a "first class athlete" can produce approximately 298 watts (0.4 horsepower) for a similar period, at the end of which an undetermined period of rest and recovery will be required. At 298 watts, the average "healthy human" becomes exhausted within 10 minutes. The net electrical power that can be produced will be less, due to the efficiency of the generator. Portable radio receivers with a crank are made to reduce battery purchase requirements, see
878:
parts. Induction generators are useful in applications like minihydro power plants, wind turbines, or in reducing high-pressure gas streams to lower pressure, because they can recover energy with relatively simple controls. They do not require another circuit to start working because the turning magnetic field is provided by induction from the one they have. They also do not require speed governor equipment as they inherently operate at the connected grid frequency.
330:
936:
to the desired output frequency with a rectifier and converter combination. Allowing a wider range of prime mover speeds can improve the overall energy production of an installation, at the cost of more complex generators and controls. For example, where a wind turbine operating at fixed frequency might be required to spill energy at high wind speeds, a variable speed system can allow recovery of energy contained during periods of high wind speed.
140:
1444:
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Wheatstone's design they were in parallel. The use of electromagnets rather than permanent magnets greatly increased the power output of a dynamo and enabled high power generation for the first time. This invention led directly to the first major industrial uses of electricity. For example, in the 1870s
Siemens used electromagnetic dynamos to power
813:. The voltage is typically low, on the order of a few volts in the case of small demonstration models, but large research generators can produce hundreds of volts, and some systems have multiple generators in series to produce an even larger voltage. They are unusual in that they can produce tremendous electric current, some more than a million
1239:) mounted together to form a single piece of self-contained equipment. The engines used are usually piston engines, but gas turbines can also be used, and there are even hybrid diesel-gas units, called dual-fuel units. Many different versions of engine-generators are available - ranging from very small portable
935:
may be used as generators. With the assistance of power electronic devices, these can regulate the output frequency to a desired value over a wider range of generator shaft speeds. Alternatively, a standard generator can be used with no attempt to regulate frequency, and the resulting power converted
1280:
enthusiasts. Typically operated by means of pedal power, a converted bicycle trainer, or a foot pump, such generators can be practically used to charge batteries, and in some cases are designed with an integral inverter. An average "healthy human" can produce a steady 75 watts (0.1 horsepower) for a
831:
A magnetohydrodynamic generator directly extracts electric power from moving hot gases through a magnetic field, without the use of rotating electromagnetic machinery. MHD generators were originally developed because the output of a plasma MHD generator is a flame, well able to heat the boilers of a
676:
for the London
Electric Supply Corporation in 1887 using an alternating current system. On its completion in 1891, it was the first truly modern power station, supplying high-voltage AC power that was then "stepped down" for consumer use on each street. This basic system remains in use today around
564:
The dynamo machine that was developed consisted of a stationary structure, which provides the magnetic field, and a set of rotating windings which turn within that field. On larger machines the constant magnetic field is provided by one or more electromagnets, which are usually called field coils.
877:
may be used as generators, turning mechanical energy into electric current. Induction generators operate by mechanically turning their rotor faster than the simultaneous speed, giving negative slip. A regular AC non-simultaneous motor usually can be used as a generator, without any changes to its
727:
present in the iron core provides a magnetic field to get it started, generating a small current in the armature. This flows through the field coils, creating a larger magnetic field which generates a larger armature current. This "bootstrap" process continues until the magnetic field in the core
405:
in regions of the disk that were not under the influence of the magnetic field. While current was induced directly underneath the magnet, the current would circulate backwards in regions that were outside the influence of the magnetic field. This counterflow limited the power output to the pickup
413:
was very low, due to the single current path through the magnetic flux. Experimenters found that using multiple turns of wire in a coil could produce higher, more useful voltages. Since the output voltage is proportional to the number of turns, generators could be easily designed to produce any
556:
The "dynamo-electric machine" employed self-powering electromagnetic field coils rather than permanent magnets to create the stator field. Wheatstone's design was similar to
Siemens', with the difference that in the Siemens design the stator electromagnets were in series with the rotor, but in
927:
Grid-connected generators deliver power at a constant frequency. For generators of the synchronous or induction type, the primer mover speed turning the generator shaft must be at a particular speed (or narrow range of speed) to deliver power at the required utility frequency. Mechanical
1431:
This is the simplest model of a generator, further elements may need to be added for an accurate representation. In particular, inductance can be added to allow for the machine's windings and magnetic leakage flux, but a full representation can become much more complex than this.
1306:
to measure the speeds of electric motors, engines, and the equipment they power. Generators generate voltage roughly proportional to shaft speed. With precise construction and design, generators can be built to produce very precise voltages for certain ranges of shaft speeds.
620:. It is commonly known to be the Synchronous Generators (SGs). The synchronous machines are directly connected to the grid and need to be properly synchronized during startup. Moreover, they are excited with special control to enhance the stability of the power system.
696:
alternators were introduced to supply currents of multiple differing phases. Later alternators were designed for varying alternating-current frequencies between sixteen and about one hundred hertz, for use with arc lighting, incandescent lighting and electric motors.
507:, a set of rotating switch contacts on the armature shaft. The commutator reversed the connection of the armature winding to the circuit every 180° rotation of the shaft, creating a pulsing DC current. One of the first dynamos was built by
312:
machines that produced very high voltages, electrostatic generators had low power ratings, and were never used for generation of commercially significant quantities of electric power. Their only practical applications were to power early
1301:
A tachogenerator is an electromechanical device which produces an output voltage proportional to its shaft speed. It may be used for a speed indicator or in a feedback speed control system. Tachogenerators are frequently used to power
789:
comprising an electrically conductive disc or cylinder rotating in a plane perpendicular to a uniform static magnetic field. A potential difference is created between the center of the disc and the rim (or ends of the cylinder), the
406:
wires and induced waste heating of the copper disc. Later homopolar generators would solve this problem by using an array of magnets arranged around the disc perimeter to maintain a steady field effect in one current-flow direction.
711:
As the requirements for larger scale power generation increased, a new limitation rose: the magnetic fields available from permanent magnets. Diverting a small amount of the power generated by the generator to an electromagnetic
843:
from 1972 until the late 1980s, the MHD plant U 25 was in regular utility operation on the Moscow power system with a rating of 25 MW, the largest MHD plant rating in the world at that time. MHD generators operated as a
430:. In the prototype of the single-pole electric starter (finished between 1852 and 1854) both the stationary and the revolving parts were electromagnetic. It was also the discovery of the principle of dynamo
1193:
need an extra power supply to power their onboard accessories, including air conditioning units, and refrigerators. An RV power plug is connected to the electric generator to obtain a stable power supply.
572:
for power distribution. Before the adoption of AC, very large direct-current dynamos were the only means of power generation and distribution. AC has come to dominate due to the ability of AC to be easily
260:: The power-producing component of an electrical machine. In a generator, alternator, or dynamo, the armature windings generate the electric current, which provides power to an external circuit.
1243:
powered sets to large turbine installations. The primary advantage of engine-generators is the ability to independently supply electricity, allowing the units to serve as backup power sources.
2167:
1122:
Motor vehicles require electrical energy to power their instrumentation, keep the engine itself operating, and recharge their batteries. Until about the 1960s motor vehicles tended to use
549:. Varley took out a patent on 24 December 1866, while Siemens and Wheatstone both announced their discoveries on 17 January 1867, the latter delivering a paper on his discovery to the
1991:
Losty, H.H.W & Lewis, D.L. (1973) Homopolar
Machines. Philosophical Transactions for the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 275 (1248), 69-75
881:
An induction generator must be powered with a leading voltage; this is usually done by connection to an electrical grid, or by powering themselves with phase correcting capacitors.
839:. The first practical design was the AVCO Mk. 25, developed in 1965. The U.S. government funded substantial development, culminating in a 25 MW demonstration plant in 1987. In the
768:, i.e. its field electromagnets are powered by the machine's own output. Other types of DC generators use a separate source of direct current to energise their field magnets.
1422:
1395:
345:. When the disk was turned, this induced an electric current radially outward from the center toward the rim. The current flowed out through the sliding spring contact
1209:
recovery systems on the scooter to reduce energy consumption and increase its range up to 40-60% by simply recovering energy using the magnetic brake, which generates
1150:
which are directly attached to the bicycle's drive train. The name is conventional as they are small permanent-magnet alternators, not self-excited DC machines as are
1943:
735:
Very large power station generators often utilize a separate smaller generator to excite the field coils of the larger. In the event of a severe widespread
2059:
591:
230:-producing component of an electrical machine. The magnetic field of the dynamo or alternator can be provided by either wire windings called
723:
The field coils are connected in series or parallel with the armature winding. When the generator first starts to turn, the small amount of
1923:
1126:
with electromechanical regulators. Following the historical trend above and for many of the same reasons, these have now been replaced by
2483:
2227:
1952:
2076:
219:
One of these parts generates a magnetic field, the other has a wire winding in which the changing field induces an electric current:
2039:
292:
belts, plates and disks that carried charge to a high potential electrode. The charge was generated using either of two mechanisms:
1142:
Bicycles require energy to power running lights and other equipment. There are two common kinds of generator in use on bicycles:
264:
The armature can be on either the rotor or the stator, depending on the design, with the field coil or magnet on the other part.
251:
527:
1940:
17:
414:
desired voltage by varying the number of turns. Wire windings became a basic feature of all subsequent generator designs.
30:
This article is about electromagnetic power generation. For electrostatic generators like the Van de Graaff machine, see
1677:
1616:
1575:
928:
speed-regulating devices may waste a significant fraction of the input energy to maintain a required fixed frequency.
2193:
1702:
257:
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2663:
1787:
1518:
487:
A coil of wire rotating in a magnetic field produces a current which changes direction with each 180° rotation, an
2220:
635:: each active conductor passed successively through regions where the magnetic field was in opposite directions.
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2612:
2130:
2109:
2397:
1488:
1478:
908:
826:
519:
364:
46:
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1036:
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131:, and motors and generators are very similar. Many motors can generate electricity from mechanical energy.
124:
powered generators use solar power and hydrogen-based fuels, respectively, to generate electrical output.
2876:
2755:
2468:
2441:
2019:
1264:
1055:. The energy source harnessed to turn the generator varies widely. Most power stations in the world burn
932:
653:
631:. Faraday himself built an early alternator. His machine was a "rotating rectangle", whose operation was
595:
2005:
1809:
1772:
2765:
2760:
2213:
1508:
1363:
90:
955:
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Through a series of discoveries, the dynamo was succeeded by many later inventions, especially the AC
2840:
2458:
2436:
639:
628:
1213:
for further use. Modern vehicles reach speed up to 25â30 km/h and can run up to 35â40 km.
2709:
2563:
2175:
2171:
2155:
1503:
439:
2810:
1400:
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Sailing boats may use a water- or wind-powered generator to trickle-charge the batteries. A small
479:
produced 310 amperes at 7 volts. Dynamos are no longer used due to the size and complexity of the
359:
The operating principle of electromagnetic generators was discovered in the years of 1831â1832 by
194:
Mechanically, a generator consists of a rotating part and a stationary part which together form a
2750:
2301:
2002:
Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Power
Generator: More Energy from Less Fuel, Issue Brief Number IB74057
1127:
1117:
526:, is the earliest electrical generator used in an industrial process. It was used by the firm of
293:
281:
31:
1276:
Human powered electric generators are commercially available, and have been the project of some
2573:
2478:
2407:
2040:"Hurricane Preparedness: Protection Provided by Power Generators | Power On with Mark Lum"
1533:
1463:
1272:
using bicycles connected to a motor and one-way diode to charge batteries for their electronics
1252:
1025:
673:
538:
54:
747:
to excite the fields of their largest generators, in order to restore customer power service.
471:
2704:
2568:
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2286:
2266:
1796:
1759:
1528:
1425:
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of a generator and load is shown in the adjacent diagram. The generator is represented by an
1182:
is connected to a low-power generator to supply currents at typical wind or cruising speeds.
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765:
729:
706:
680:
523:
503:
480:
309:
239:
177:
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1587:
1190:
1159:
1048:
786:
558:
546:
318:
297:
2080:
568:
Large power generation dynamos are now rarely seen due to the now nearly universal use of
434:, which replaced permanent magnet designs. He also may have formulated the concept of the
8:
2805:
2508:
2503:
2248:
1866:
Basler, Michael J.; Schaefer, Richard C. (2008). "Understanding Power-System
Stability".
904:
869:
791:
777:
688:
direct-driven power station AC alternator, with a separate belt-driven exciter generator.
643:
617:
569:
537:
The modern dynamo, fit for use in industrial applications, was invented independently by
488:
383:
368:
354:
187:
1632:
1591:
426:
started experimenting in 1827 with the electromagnetic rotating devices which he called
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2724:
2679:
2617:
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2541:
1891:
1848:
1359:
1286:
1269:
979:
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Where it is impractical or undesired to tightly regulate the speed of the prime mover,
912:
724:
542:
443:
427:
206:
74:
1162:, where the drive motor is used as a generator to recover some energy during braking.
1031:. Most power stations contain one or more generators, or spinning machines converting
349:, through the external circuit, and back into the center of the disk through the axle.
2790:
2694:
2622:
2414:
2402:
2392:
2126:
2105:
1883:
1840:
1698:
1673:
1669:
1290:
1202:
1155:
890:
460:
98:
62:
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1895:
1852:
817:, because the homopolar generator can be made to have very low internal resistance.
638:
Large two-phase alternating current generators were built by a
British electrician,
2845:
2835:
2775:
2719:
2689:
2637:
2533:
2523:
2513:
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2326:
2296:
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1875:
1832:
1731:
1636:
1595:
1473:
1458:
1222:
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allowed the generator to produce substantially more power. This concept was dubbed
693:
402:
305:
235:
202:
195:
162:
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1236:
518:
was the first electrical generator capable of delivering power for industry. The
2820:
2770:
2632:
2453:
2431:
2419:
2387:
2291:
1947:
1523:
1493:
1428:), and measuring the open-circuit and loaded voltage for a defined current load.
1282:
1210:
1040:
994:
874:
717:
685:
642:, in 1882. The first public demonstration of an "alternator system" was given by
624:
508:
464:
431:
360:
289:
127:
The reverse conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy is done by an
110:
106:
66:
41:
2795:
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with regenerative braking have become popular all over the world. Engineers use
423:
2815:
2714:
2684:
2546:
2498:
2446:
2374:
2311:
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1424:
parameters can be determined by measuring the winding resistance (corrected to
1367:
1206:
1044:
849:
783:
531:
492:
395:
227:
173:
128:
70:
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2825:
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1887:
1844:
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1513:
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1285:. During the mid 20th century, pedal powered radios were used throughout the
1143:
1072:
998:
989:
950:
845:
833:
550:
372:
285:
152:
117:
86:
78:
35:
1879:
1103:
467:'s dynamo. The commutator is located on the shaft below the spinning magnet.
446:) but did not patent it as he thought he was not the first to realize this.
2850:
2785:
2473:
2004:, Library of Congress Congressional Research Service, 1981, retrieved from
1931:. first practical demonstration of a dc generator - ac transformer system.)
1175:
968:
911:
each time the magnet slides through. This type of generator is used in the
852:
840:
736:
379:
334:
165:
generators fall into one of two broad categories, dynamos and alternators.
102:
94:
580:
577:
to and from very high voltages to permit low losses over large distances.
215:: The stationary part of an electrical machine, which surrounds the rotor.
2627:
2558:
1483:
1080:
1068:
1056:
1028:
836:
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depending on the direction of rotation and the orientation of the field.
744:
665:
574:
329:
277:
82:
2518:
2488:
2359:
2321:
1823:
Schaefer, Richard C. (JanâFeb 2017). "Art of
Generator Synchronizing".
1736:
1719:
1498:
1303:
1147:
1088:
1084:
916:
713:
623:
Alternating current generating systems were known in simple forms from
613:
598:
586:
314:
231:
223:
183:
1666:
Michael
Faraday and the Royal Institution: The Genius of Man and Place
2800:
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1641:
1600:
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1131:
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273:
139:
121:
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401:
This design was inefficient, due to self-cancelling counterflows of
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2426:
2382:
2174:
external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into
983:
900:
743:
of power stations has occurred, the stations may need to perform a
378:
Faraday also built the first electromagnetic generator, called the
148:
1315:
371:
is generated in an electrical conductor which encircles a varying
2658:
2653:
1443:
1179:
814:
668:. His early alternators produced frequencies between 100 and 300
410:
301:
247:
156:
2100:
Geoff
Klempner, Isidor Kerszenbaum, "1.7.4 Equivalent circuit",
1654:
Birmingham Museums trust catalogue, accession number: 1889S00044
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2060:
With Generators Gone, Wall Street Protesters Try Bicycle Power
337:
was the first electric generator. The horseshoe-shaped magnet
895:
In the simplest form of linear electric generator, a sliding
669:
417:
2102:
Handbook of Large Turbo-Generator Operation and Maintenance
1146:
which engage the bicycle's tire on an as-needed basis, and
1060:
974:
144:
1293:), medical and other needs in remote stations and towns.
1277:
495:(DC). In the first practical electric generators, called
1261:
power (for instance, in field radio station equipment).
764:
uses commutators to produce direct current. It is self-
732:
and the generator reaches a steady state power output.
581:
Synchronous generators (alternating current generators)
34:. For devices to convert photons into electricity, see
1246:
820:
491:(AC). However many early uses of electricity required
308:. Because of their inefficiency and the difficulty of
116:
In addition to electricity- and motion-based designs,
27:
Device that converts other energy to electrical energy
1403:
1376:
1231:
is the combination of an electrical generator and an
2484:
Dual-rotor permanent magnet induction motor (DRPMIM)
1439:
915:. Larger linear electricity generators are used in
2020:"What Your Camper or RV Needs For Living Off-Grid"
1416:
1389:
561:for the production of metals and other materials.
2158:may not follow Knowledge's policies or guidelines
1071:to generate electricity. Cleaner sources include
750:
2863:
49:image of a modern steam turbine generator (STG).
2104:, John Wiley & Sons, 2011 (Kindle edition)
1614:
1573:
664:, invented with the help of renowned physicist
390:disc rotating between the poles of a horseshoe
1865:
109:. Generators provide nearly all the power for
61:is a device that converts motion-based power (
2221:
907:is induced in the wire, or loops of wire, by
242:to produce the field flux. A generator using
238:. Electrically-excited generators include an
2121:Yoshihide Hase, "10: Theory of generators",
923:Variable-speed constant-frequency generators
884:
449:
105:, was invented in 1831 by British scientist
2066:, 30 October 2011; accessed 2 November 2011
1370:and an internal impedance. The generator's
858:
101:. The first electromagnetic generator, the
2228:
2214:
1868:IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
1825:IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
1319:Equivalent circuit of generator and load.
341:created a magnetic field through the disk
2194:Learn how and when to remove this message
2017:
1927:". IEEE History Center, IEEE Milestone. (
1924:Alternating Current Electrification, 1886
1735:
1692:
1640:
1599:
1296:
848:are currently (2007) less efficient than
418:Jedlik and the self-excitation phenomenon
409:Another disadvantage was that the output
324:
1934:
1822:
1314:
1263:
1257:A generator can also be driven by human
1185:
1102:
988:
973:
954:
679:
590:
470:
459:
328:
138:
40:
1098:
77:. Sources of mechanical energy include
14:
2864:
1663:
863:
771:
755:
629:magnetic induction of electric current
501:, the AC was converted into DC with a
300:. Such generators generated very high
252:permanent magnet synchronous generator
2235:
2209:
1657:
1310:
2138:
2123:Handbook of Power System Engineering
1717:
1197:
524:Thinktank, Birmingham Science Museum
475:This large belt-driven high-current
1720:"The early history of gold plating"
1247:Human powered electrical generators
1111:
939:
821:Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generator
483:needed for high power applications.
24:
700:
616:, which was capable of generating
226:or field (permanent) magnets: The
25:
2893:
2042:. Wpowerproducts.com. 10 May 2011
1574:Augustus Heller (April 2, 1896).
1024:, is an industrial facility that
672:. Ferranti went on to design the
2143:
2077:"Program: hpv (updated 6/22/11)"
1788:Proceedings of the Royal Society
1615:Augustus Heller (2 April 1896),
1519:Superconducting electric machine
1442:
1330:, generator open-circuit voltage
944:
284:were invented. They operated on
2115:
2094:
2069:
2053:
2032:
2011:
1994:
1985:
1972:
1959:
1915:
1902:
1859:
1816:
1337:, generator internal resistance
993:Hydroelectric power station at
978:Hydroelectric power station at
899:moves back and forth through a
2613:Timeline of the electric motor
2125:, John Wiley & Sons, 2007
2018:Markovich, Tony (2021-09-14).
1953:Museum of Science and Industry
1779:
1744:
1711:
1686:
1648:
1608:
1567:
1546:
903:, a copper wire or a coil. An
751:Specialised types of generator
363:. The principle, later called
272:Before the connection between
134:
13:
1:
2398:Dahlander pole changing motor
1627:(1379), Norman Lockyer: 516,
1586:(1379). Norman Lockyer: 516.
1540:
1489:Generation expansion planning
827:Magnetohydrodynamic generator
627:'s original discovery of the
602:
599:alternating current generator
520:Woolrich Electrical Generator
1664:Thomas, John Meurig (1991).
1417:{\displaystyle R_{\text{G}}}
1390:{\displaystyle V_{\text{G}}}
1165:
1037:three-phase electrical power
933:doubly fed electric machines
662:Ferranti-Thompson Alternator
288:principles, by using moving
246:(PMs) is sometimes called a
63:potential and kinetic energy
7:
2442:Brushless DC electric motor
1435:
1344:, generator on-load voltage
1137:
782:A homopolar generator is a
658:Ferranti, Thompson and Ince
654:Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti
428:electromagnetic self-rotors
317:, and later in some atomic
91:internal combustion engines
10:
2898:
2079:. Ohio.edu. Archived from
1718:Hunt, L. B. (March 1973).
1509:Steam generator (railroad)
1479:Faraday's law of induction
1250:
1220:
1115:
948:
909:Faraday's law of induction
888:
867:
824:
775:
704:
584:
453:
422:Independently of Faraday,
352:
267:
205:: The rotating part of an
29:
2733:
2672:
2646:
2601:
2532:
2459:Switched reluctance (SRM)
2437:Brushed DC electric motor
2373:
2350:
2275:
2243:
1980:Dynamo-Electric Machinery
1967:Dynamo-Electric Machinery
1910:Dynamo-Electric Machinery
1562:electromagnetic generator
1216:
1107:Mobile electric generator
885:Linear electric generator
450:Direct current generators
2647:Experimental, futuristic
2564:Variable-frequency drive
1946:October 3, 2015, at the
1837:10.1109/tia.2016.2602215
1504:Steam generator (boiler)
1289:, to provide schooling (
859:Alternating current (AC)
282:electrostatic generators
2882:19th-century inventions
2664:Superconducting machine
2302:Coil winding technology
2006:Digital.library.unt.edu
1978:Thompson, Sylvanus P.,
1965:Thompson, Sylvanus P.,
1908:Thompson, Sylvanus P.,
1880:10.1109/tia.2008.916726
1693:Beauchamp, K G (1997).
1366:consisting of an ideal
1124:DC generators (dynamos)
1118:Alternator (automotive)
1075:, and increasingly use
684:A small early 1900s 75
660:in 1882, to market his
294:electrostatic induction
73:for use in an external
65:) or fuel-based power (
32:Electrostatic generator
1695:Exhibiting Electricity
1534:Tidal stream generator
1464:Electricity generation
1418:
1391:
1355:
1297:Mechanical measurement
1273:
1253:Self-powered equipment
1108:
1001:
986:
971:
797:It is also known as a
689:
674:Deptford Power Station
609:
539:Sir Charles Wheatstone
484:
468:
394:. It produced a small
350:
325:Faraday disk generator
159:
55:electricity generation
50:
2872:Electrical generators
2705:Power-to-weight ratio
2569:Direct torque control
1955:(Accessed 22-02-2012)
1921:Blalock, Thomas J., "
1529:Thermal power station
1426:operating temperature
1419:
1392:
1318:
1267:
1191:Recreational vehicles
1186:Recreational vehicles
1106:
992:
977:
961:Athlone Power Station
958:
707:Excitation (magnetic)
683:
648:Westinghouse Electric
594:
559:electric arc furnaces
474:
463:
332:
319:particle accelerators
176:through the use of a
142:
44:
2700:Open-loop controller
2593:Ward Leonard control
2317:DC injection braking
2164:improve this article
1791:. February 14, 1867.
1558:electrical generator
1401:
1374:
1160:regenerative braking
1099:Vehicular generators
787:electrical generator
547:Samuel Alfred Varley
298:triboelectric effect
290:electrically charged
18:Electrical generator
2603:History, education,
2249:Alternating current
2176:footnote references
1697:. IET. p. 90.
1633:1896Natur..53..516H
1592:1896Natur..53..516H
905:alternating current
875:Induction AC motors
870:Induction generator
864:Induction generator
792:electrical polarity
778:Homopolar generator
772:Homopolar generator
756:Direct current (DC)
644:William Stanley Jr.
618:alternating current
570:alternating current
489:alternating current
384:homopolar generator
369:electromotive force
355:Homopolar generator
188:alternating current
2877:English inventions
2766:Dolivo-Dobrovolsky
2725:Voltage controller
2680:Blocked-rotor test
2618:Ball bearing motor
2588:Motor soft starter
2542:AC-to-AC converter
2403:Wound-rotor (WRIM)
2365:Electric generator
2062:, Colin Moynihan,
1737:10.1007/BF03215178
1554:electric generator
1414:
1387:
1364:abstract generator
1360:equivalent circuit
1356:
1311:Equivalent circuit
1287:Australian outback
1274:
1270:Occupy Wall Street
1109:
1018:generating station
1008:, also known as a
1002:
987:
972:
913:Faraday flashlight
799:unipolar generator
728:levels off due to
725:remanent magnetism
690:
610:
543:Werner von Siemens
485:
469:
351:
207:electrical machine
160:
51:
36:Photovoltaic panel
2859:
2858:
2695:Open-circuit test
2534:Motor controllers
2415:Synchronous motor
2237:Electric machines
2204:
2203:
2196:
1941:Ferranti Timeline
1804:Missing or empty
1767:Missing or empty
1752:Berliner Berichte
1411:
1384:
1351:, load resistance
1291:School of the Air
1203:Electric scooters
1198:Electric scooters
1156:electric bicycles
891:Linear alternator
803:acyclic generator
646:, an employee of
244:permanent magnets
240:excitation system
236:permanent magnets
172:generate pulsing
16:(Redirected from
2889:
2710:Two-phase system
2690:Electromagnetism
2638:Mouse mill motor
2605:recreational use
2479:Permanent magnet
2408:Linear induction
2261:Permanent magnet
2230:
2223:
2216:
2207:
2206:
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2015:
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1655:
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1646:
1645:
1644:
1642:10.1038/053516a0
1617:"Anianus Jedlik"
1612:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:10.1038/053516a0
1576:"Anianus Jedlik"
1571:
1565:
1550:
1474:Engine-generator
1459:Diesel generator
1452:
1447:
1446:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1229:engine-generator
1223:Engine-generator
1112:Roadway vehicles
1053:electric current
1033:mechanical power
1022:generating plant
940:Common use cases
607:
604:
522:of 1844, now in
438:in 1861 (before
280:was discovered,
196:magnetic circuit
111:electrical grids
21:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2729:
2668:
2642:
2633:Mendocino motor
2606:
2604:
2597:
2528:
2388:Induction motor
2369:
2346:
2292:Braking chopper
2280:
2278:
2271:
2239:
2234:
2200:
2189:
2183:
2180:
2161:
2152:This article's
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2074:
2070:
2058:
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2033:
2024:
2022:
2016:
2012:
2000:Langdon Crane,
1999:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1977:
1973:
1964:
1960:
1948:Wayback Machine
1939:
1935:
1920:
1916:
1907:
1903:
1864:
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1821:
1817:
1805:
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1794:
1793:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1768:
1766:
1757:
1756:
1754:. January 1867.
1750:
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1658:
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1649:
1613:
1609:
1572:
1568:
1551:
1547:
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1538:
1524:Thermogenerator
1494:Goodness factor
1448:
1441:
1438:
1408:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1381:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1354:
1350:
1343:
1336:
1329:
1313:
1299:
1283:clockwork radio
1255:
1249:
1225:
1219:
1211:electric energy
1200:
1188:
1168:
1158:are capable of
1140:
1120:
1114:
1101:
1041:relative motion
995:Glen Canyon Dam
953:
947:
942:
925:
893:
887:
872:
866:
861:
829:
823:
780:
774:
758:
753:
718:self-excitation
709:
703:
701:Self-excitation
640:J. E. H. Gordon
625:Michael Faraday
605:
589:
583:
530:for commercial
509:Hippolyte Pixii
465:Hippolyte Pixii
458:
452:
432:self-excitation
420:
361:Michael Faraday
357:
327:
270:
163:Electromagnetic
137:
107:Michael Faraday
67:chemical energy
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2895:
2885:
2884:
2879:
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2857:
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2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
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2778:
2773:
2768:
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2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2715:Inchworm motor
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2685:Circle diagram
2682:
2676:
2674:
2673:Related topics
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2623:Barlow's wheel
2620:
2615:
2609:
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2602:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2574:Vector control
2571:
2556:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2547:Cycloconverter
2538:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2526:
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2511:
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2319:
2314:
2312:Damper winding
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2283:
2281:
2277:Components and
2276:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2263:
2257:
2255:Direct current
2251:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2233:
2232:
2225:
2218:
2210:
2202:
2201:
2156:external links
2151:
2149:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2114:
2093:
2068:
2064:New York Times
2052:
2031:
2010:
1993:
1984:
1971:
1958:
1933:
1914:
1901:
1874:(2): 463â474.
1858:
1831:(1): 751â757.
1815:
1778:
1743:
1710:
1703:
1685:
1679:978-0750301459
1678:
1672:. p. 51.
1656:
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1471:
1469:Electric motor
1466:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1437:
1434:
1407:
1380:
1368:voltage source
1353:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1312:
1309:
1298:
1295:
1268:Protesters at
1251:Main article:
1248:
1245:
1221:Main article:
1218:
1215:
1207:kinetic energy
1199:
1196:
1187:
1184:
1167:
1164:
1144:bottle dynamos
1139:
1136:
1130:with built-in
1116:Main article:
1113:
1110:
1100:
1097:
1045:magnetic field
1016:and sometimes
949:Main article:
946:
943:
941:
938:
924:
921:
889:Main article:
886:
883:
868:Main article:
865:
862:
860:
857:
850:combined cycle
825:Main article:
822:
819:
776:Main article:
773:
770:
757:
754:
752:
749:
705:Main article:
702:
699:
585:Main article:
582:
579:
532:electroplating
493:direct current
454:Main article:
451:
448:
419:
416:
353:Main article:
326:
323:
269:
266:
262:
261:
255:
228:magnetic field
217:
216:
210:
192:
191:
181:
174:direct current
136:
133:
129:electric motor
97:and even hand
87:water turbines
79:steam turbines
71:electric power
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2883:
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2878:
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2539:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2509:Piezoelectric
2507:
2505:
2504:Electrostatic
2502:
2500:
2497:
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2173:
2172:inappropriate
2169:
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2150:
2141:
2140:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2118:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2083:on 2016-03-08
2082:
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1997:
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1790:
1789:
1782:
1774:
1761:
1753:
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1738:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1724:Gold Bulletin
1721:
1714:
1706:
1704:9780852968956
1700:
1696:
1689:
1681:
1675:
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1667:
1660:
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1514:Steam turbine
1512:
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1497:
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1450:Energy portal
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1125:
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1096:
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1093:running water
1090:
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1082:
1078:
1074:
1073:nuclear power
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1006:power station
1000:
999:Page, Arizona
996:
991:
985:
981:
980:GabÄĂkovo Dam
976:
970:
966:
962:
957:
952:
951:Power station
945:Power station
937:
934:
929:
920:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
892:
882:
879:
876:
871:
856:
854:
851:
847:
846:topping cycle
842:
838:
835:
828:
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373:magnetic flux
370:
367:, is that an
366:
365:Faraday's law
362:
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348:
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336:
331:
322:
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316:
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307:
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286:electrostatic
283:
279:
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265:
259:
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224:Field winding
222:
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153:West Flanders
150:
147:Generator in
146:
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132:
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125:
123:
119:
114:
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108:
104:
100:
96:
95:wind turbines
92:
88:
84:
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64:
60:
56:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
2364:
2351:
2190:
2184:January 2020
2181:
2166:by removing
2153:
2122:
2117:
2101:
2096:
2085:. Retrieved
2081:the original
2071:
2063:
2055:
2044:. Retrieved
2034:
2023:. Retrieved
2013:
2008:18 July 2008
2001:
1996:
1987:
1979:
1974:
1966:
1961:
1951:
1936:
1928:
1922:
1917:
1909:
1904:
1871:
1867:
1861:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1806:|title=
1797:cite journal
1786:
1781:
1769:|title=
1760:cite journal
1751:
1746:
1730:(1): 16â27.
1727:
1723:
1713:
1694:
1688:
1665:
1659:
1650:
1624:
1620:
1610:
1583:
1579:
1569:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1552:Also called
1548:
1430:
1357:
1323:G, generator
1300:
1275:
1256:
1228:
1226:
1201:
1189:
1176:wind turbine
1169:
1141:
1121:
1057:fossil fuels
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1003:
969:South Africa
930:
926:
894:
880:
873:
853:gas turbines
841:Soviet Union
830:
811:Faraday disc
810:
806:
802:
798:
796:
781:
759:
737:power outage
734:
722:
710:
692:After 1891,
691:
661:
657:
656:established
652:
637:
632:
622:
611:
567:
563:
555:
536:
513:
502:
496:
486:
424:Ănyos Jedlik
421:
408:
400:
382:; a type of
380:Faraday disk
377:
358:
346:
342:
338:
335:Faraday disk
271:
263:
218:
193:
161:
126:
118:photovoltaic
115:
103:Faraday disk
83:gas turbines
58:
52:
2628:Lynch motor
2393:Shaded-pole
2279:accessories
1668:. Bristol:
1484:Gas turbine
1304:tachometers
1237:prime mover
1148:hub dynamos
1128:alternators
1069:natural gas
1051:creates an
1029:electricity
1010:power plant
837:power plant
807:disk dynamo
745:black start
677:the world.
666:Lord Kelvin
633:heteropolar
606: 1900
575:transformed
315:X-ray tubes
278:electricity
232:field coils
184:Alternators
135:Terminology
2866:Categories
2524:Axial flux
2514:Ultrasonic
2489:Servomotor
2469:Doubly fed
2464:Reluctance
2360:Alternator
2352:Generators
2322:Field coil
2307:Commutator
2267:commutated
2265:SC - Self-
2131:0470033665
2110:1118210409
2087:2012-08-24
2046:2012-08-24
2025:2023-03-03
1541:References
1499:Hydropower
1134:circuits.
1077:renewables
1043:between a
1014:powerhouse
917:wave power
730:saturation
714:field coil
614:alternator
587:Alternator
528:Elkingtons
504:commutator
481:commutator
444:Wheatstone
396:DC voltage
386:, using a
310:insulating
178:commutator
2841:Steinmetz
2756:Davenport
2554:Amplidyne
2454:Universal
2432:Homopolar
2420:Repulsion
2332:Slip ring
2168:excessive
1888:0093-9994
1845:0093-9994
1172:propeller
1166:Sailboats
1132:rectifier
1049:conductor
1026:generates
965:Cape Town
919:schemes.
741:islanding
694:polyphase
650:in 1886.
511:in 1832.
274:magnetism
186:generate
122:fuel cell
59:generator
2846:Sturgeon
2776:Ferraris
2761:Davidson
2583:Metadyne
2499:Traction
2447:Unipolar
2427:DC motor
2383:AC motor
2287:Armature
1982:. pp. 16
1969:. pp. 17
1944:Archived
1896:62801526
1853:15682853
1436:See also
1138:Bicycles
1079:such as
1059:such as
984:Slovakia
901:solenoid
596:Ferranti
304:and low
258:Armature
149:Zwevegem
2836:Sprague
2831:Siemens
2806:Maxwell
2771:Faraday
2720:Starter
2659:Railgun
2654:Coilgun
2494:Stepper
2342:Winding
2162:Please
2154:use of
1629:Bibcode
1588:Bibcode
1180:turbine
1154:. Some
1152:dynamos
1081:the sun
815:amperes
766:excited
498:dynamos
440:Siemens
411:voltage
403:current
306:current
302:voltage
296:or the
268:History
254:(PMSG).
250:, or a
248:magneto
170:Dynamos
157:Belgium
75:circuit
69:) into
2826:Saxton
2811:Ărsted
2796:Jedlik
2791:Jacobi
2781:Gramme
2746:Barlow
2734:People
2559:Drives
2474:Linear
2375:Motors
2337:Stator
2129:
2108:
1912:. p. 7
1894:
1886:
1851:
1843:
1701:
1676:
1670:Hilger
1621:Nature
1580:Nature
1560:, and
1259:muscle
1241:petrol
1233:engine
1217:Genset
1067:, and
1047:and a
1039:. The
897:magnet
762:dynamo
739:where
516:dynamo
477:dynamo
456:Dynamo
436:dynamo
392:magnet
388:copper
213:Stator
143:Early
99:cranks
2851:Tesla
2821:Pixii
2786:Henry
2751:Botto
2741:Arago
2327:Rotor
2297:Brush
2259:PM -
2253:DC -
2247:AC -
1892:S2CID
1849:S2CID
1089:waves
1035:into
834:steam
809:, or
203:Rotor
45:U.S.
2816:Park
2801:Lenz
2519:TEFC
2127:ISBN
2106:ISBN
1884:ISSN
1841:ISSN
1810:help
1773:help
1699:ISBN
1674:ISBN
1397:and
1091:and
1085:wind
1061:coal
959:The
545:and
514:The
442:and
333:The
276:and
145:Ganz
120:and
57:, a
2170:or
1876:doi
1833:doi
1732:doi
1637:doi
1596:doi
1358:An
1278:DIY
1227:An
1178:or
1065:oil
1020:or
1012:or
963:in
686:kVA
343:(D)
339:(A)
234:or
53:In
47:NRC
2868::
1950:â
1929:ed
1890:.
1882:.
1872:44
1870:.
1847:.
1839:.
1829:53
1827:.
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1764::
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1095:.
1087:,
1083:,
1063:,
1004:A
997:,
982:,
967:,
855:.
805:,
801:,
784:DC
760:A
720:.
670:Hz
603:c.
601:,
553:.
541:,
534:.
398:.
375:.
321:.
198::
155:,
151:,
113:.
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2160:.
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2112:.
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2049:.
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1898:.
1878::
1855:.
1835::
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1808:(
1775:)
1771:(
1740:.
1734::
1728:6
1707:.
1682:.
1639::
1631::
1604:.
1598::
1590::
1564:.
1410:G
1406:R
1383:G
1379:V
1349:L
1347:R
1342:L
1340:V
1335:G
1333:R
1328:G
1326:V
1235:(
608:.
347:m
209:.
190:.
180:.
38:.
20:)
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