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importance than the
Pacific, but that Australia asks for a concerted plan evoking the greatest strength at the Democracies' disposal, determined upon hurling Japan back. The Australian Government, therefore regards the Pacific struggle as primarily one in which the United States and Australia must have the fullest say in the direction of the Democracies' fighting plan. Without any inhibitions of any kind, I make it clear that Australia looks to America, free of any pangs as to our traditional links or kinship with the United Kingdom. We know the problems that the United Kingdom faces. We know the dangers of dispersal of strength, but we know too, that Australia can go and Britain can still hold on. We are, therefore, determined that Australia shall not go, and we shall exert all our energies towards the shaping of a plan, with the United States as its keystone, which will give to our country some confidence of being able to hold out until the tide of battle swings against the enemy.
1922:(1942), maternity benefits for Indigenous Australians (1942), funeral benefits (1943), a second form of maternity benefit (1943), a wife's allowance (1943), additional allowances for the children of pensioners (1943), unemployment, sickness and Special Benefits (1945), and pharmaceutical benefits (1945). Substantial improvements to pensions were made, with invalidity and old-age pensions increased, the qualifying period of residence for age pensions halved, and the means test liberalised. Other social security benefits were significantly increased, while child endowment was liberalised, a scheme of vocational training for invalid pensioners was set up, and pensions extended to cover Aborigines. The expansion of social security under John Curtin was of such significance that, as summed up by one historian: "Australia entered World War II with only a fragmentary welfare provision: by the end of the war it had constructed a 'welfare state'."
1688:"Asiatics" who were subjects of Australia became eligible for a pension in 1941, and eligibility was extended the following year to Pacific Islanders known as "Kanakas", and from that July that year "Aboriginal natives" of Australia became eligible for pensions if they were not subject to a state law "relating to the control of Aboriginal natives" or if they lived in a state where they could not be exempt from such laws but were of eligible for pension on the grounds of "character, standard of intelligence and development". That same year, pension became exempt from income tax. In 1943, funeral benefits were introduced, together with a Wife's Allowance for wives of incapacitated age pensioners "where she lived with him, was his legal wife and did not receive a pension in her own right".
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1822:"His Calvary was the anguish of a man of peace who loathed war with all his heart and soul. A one who spent his life in an attempt to promote human understanding, and journeyed oft in that attempt. And yet who, by a strange irony of fate, was chosen by destiny to lead the nation in her hour of direst peril... when the hosts of the North came down like a mighty flood, confident in strength and exalted in victory, he did not shrink from the hazards of the conflict but threw himself into his work with an utter devotion which at length laid him low and at last called for the supreme sacrifice. We pay him today the homage of a grateful people as one whose name will live forever more in the land he loved and among the free peoples of the world.
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the allowance was increased to 15 pounds where there were no other children under the age of 14 years, 16 pounds where there were one or two other children, and 17 pounds 10 shillings in cases of three or more children. These amounts included an additional allowance of 25 shillings per week in respect of the period four weeks before and four weeks after the birth, to be paid after the birth of the child. That same year, eligibility for Child
Endowment was extended to children in Government institutions, to Aboriginal children who lived for six months per year on a mission station, and to children who were maintained from a deceased estate.
1443:. Before this speech, the Australian response to the war effort had been troubled by attitudes swinging from "she'll be right" to gossip-driven panic. By 1943, when the threat of Japanese invasion had passed, Curtin increasingly returned to a commitment to the British Empire. Downplaying nationalism, he said that Australia comprised "seven million Britishers". He saw the United States as a predatory economic and military power that would threaten Australia's own ambitions in the Pacific. Australia moved closer to New Zealand, and suggested a lesser role for the United States after the war. Washington was annoyed.
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1019:, a small country town in north-west Victoria. His father had failed to prosper in Melbourne, which was in the middle of an economic downturn. In Charlton, he took over the lease of a pub owned by his brother-in-law, John Bourke. Curtin was enrolled in the local state school, as a Catholic school had not yet been established. He excelled academically, and was seen as a potential "scholarship boy". However, he and his family left Charlton in 1896. Struggling financially, they spent the following two years moving around country Victoria, as his father managed pubs in
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friends. However, he was known to ask his press secretary, Fred McLaughlin, to join him in prayer while prime minister. On the day that
Singapore fell, Curtin made time to speak at the re-consecration of a church, because, "The fatherhood of God was closely related to the brotherhood of man." Near the end of his life, he asked his friend Hector Harrison, the Minister of the Presbyterian Church by Parliament, to conduct a Christian memorial service on his death.
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1187:(AJA) in 1917 and was elected its Western Australian President in 1920. He wore his AJA badge (WA membership #56) every day he was prime minister. In addition to his stance on labour rights, Curtin was also a strong advocate for the rights of women and children. In 1927, the Federal Government convened a Royal Commission on Child Endowment, and Curtin was appointed as a member of that commission.
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928:, on 8 January 1885. He was christened "John Joseph Ambrose", although his middle names were not recorded on his birth certificate and he stopped using them in later life. Within his family he was known as "Jack". Curtin was the oldest of four children β his younger brother George was born in 1887, followed by his younger sisters Molly and Hannah in 1889 and 1891. His parents were both born in
1386:. Curtin addressed the nation on the radio, saying, "Men and women of Australia...we are at war with Japan. This is the gravest hour of our history. We Australians have imperishable traditions. We shall maintain them. We shall vindicate them. We shall hold this country and keep it as a citadel for the British-speaking race and as a place where civilisation will persist." On 10 December,
1953:, have sought to build on the Curtin tradition of "patriotic Laborism". Even some political conservatives pay at least formal homage to the Curtin legend. Immediately after his death, the parliament agreed to pay John Curtin's wife Elsie a Β£1,000 per annum pension until legislation was passed and enacted to pay a pension to a past prime minister or their widow after their death.
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1408:, and Churchill on 23 December, saying, "The fall of Singapore would mean the isolation of the Philippines, the fall of the Netherlands East Indies and attempts to smother all other bases. It is in your power to meet the situation... we would gladly accept United States commanders in the Pacific area. Please consider this as a matter of urgency."
1142:. He was elected federal president of the union in 1914. During World War I he was a militant anti-conscriptionist; he was briefly imprisoned in December 1916 for refusing to attend a compulsory medical examination, even though he knew he would fail the exam due to his very poor eyesight. He also stood (unsuccessfully) as the Labor candidate for
1587:. Curtin realised that Australia would be ignored unless it had a strong voice in Washington, D.C., and he wanted that voice to be MacArthur's. He gave over control of Australian forces to MacArthur, directing Australian commanders to treat MacArthur's orders as if they came from the Australian Government. Biographer John Edwards wrote:
1263:, the deputy leader of the party since 1931 who had been closely associated with the economic policies of the Scullin government. This led left wing factions and trade unions to support Curtin, in an attempt to block Forde from getting the leadership. With their support, Curtin was able to defeat Forde by just one vote to become
952:, where in thirteen years he never rose above the rank of a constable; he received reprimands for indecent assault and using excessive force against children. In 1883, he married Catherine Agnes Bourke (known as "Kate"), who had arrived in Melbourne in 1875. She was the sister of one of his police colleagues.
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leave for all temporary
Commonwealth employees. In 1943, the Universities Commission was established to exempt students from war service to undertake or continue university studies and to assist those students by exempting them from fees and, subject to a means test, by providing them with living allowances.
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At the time, the
Victorian government did not maintain its own system of secondary schools. Children from families who could not afford private school fees could only receive a secondary education if they won a scholarship, usually after ranking highly in a particular examination. A number of writers
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status which
Britain had conferred in 1930, but which the Australian federal government had not accepted until then. The Adoption Act took effect retroactively as of 3 September 1939, the outbreak of World War II. Although politically a product of the government's policy of re-orientation towards the
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Curtin had an ambivalent relationship with religion and has been described as agnostic. A Catholic priest called at The Lodge as Curtin lay dying, but he was turned away. Curtin had refused to so much as set foot inside a
Catholic church throughout his adult life, not even to attend the weddings of
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in a very strong position. Even allowing for the advantages that an incumbent government has in wartime, Fadden and Hughes had been unable to get the better of Curtin, and the
Coalition had become almost moribund. In the election, Curtin led Labor to its greatest-ever victory, winning two-thirds of
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From June 1942, Widows' Pension Class B was paid to widows without dependent children who were aged 50 and over. The term "widow" included de facto widows who had lived with the deceased spouse for at least three years prior to his death and had been maintained by him. Eligibility was also extended
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Curtin recognised that the restriction of the
Australian conscripts to Australia and its territories was morally indefensible and politically unviable. To remove what was now a major obstacle to the government's re-election prospects, he moved to remove the restriction. While there was support from
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This speech was one of the most important in
Australia's history, marking a turning point in Australia's relationship with its founding country, the United Kingdom. Many felt that Prime Minister Curtin was abandoning Australia's traditional ties to the British Isles without any solid partnership in
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occurred two months after Curtin became prime minister, and Australia entered the war against Japan. Bombing raids on northern Australia soon followed. Curtin led the nation's war effort and made significant decisions about how the war was conducted. He placed Australian forces under the command of
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In 1942, eligibility for maternity allowances was extended to Aboriginal women who were exempted from State laws relating to the control of Aboriginal natives and who were considered suitable to receive the benefits. From 1943, the income test for maternity allowances was abolished and the rate of
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A lesser Australian leader might have grated against MacArthur's vanity, cavilled at his assumption of command, contradicted his grandiloquent claims, satirised his manner. Curtin did not. He seized the chance to share authority with MacArthur, refused to offend his vanity, drew him as close as he
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organisation. While a member of the Victorian Socialist Party Curtin held strong anti-imperialist and anti-militarist views, and in opposition to the mainstream of the Labor movement, opposed racism due to his belief that racial hatred was used as a tool of the "exploiting class". Labor historian
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The Child's Allowance was introduced in 1943, payable at the rate of five shillings per week for a first for an unendowed child under 16 years dependent on an invalid or permanently incapacitated old-age pensioner. From July 1945 onwards, Additional Benefit for Children of five shillings per week
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In 1942, temporary public employees became eligible to apply to join the Commonwealth superannuation scheme if they had been employed for no less than five years and were certified as having indefinite future employment, while the Commonwealth Employees' Furlough Act of 1943 provided long service
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We look for a solid and impregnable barrier of the Democracies against the three Axis powers, and we refuse to accept the dictum that the Pacific struggle must be treated as a subordinate segment of the general conflict. By that it is not meant that any one of the other theatres of war is of less
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One legacy of Curtin was the significant expansion of social services under his leadership. In 1942, uniform taxation was imposed on the various states, which enabled the Curtin government to set up a far-reaching, federally administered range of social services. These included a widows' pension
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contained one referendum question: "Do you approve of the proposed law for the alteration of the Constitution entitled 'Constitution Alteration (Post-War Reconstruction and Democratic Rights) 1944'?" Constitution Alteration (Post-War Reconstruction and Democratic Rights) 1944 was known as the 14
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initiated the Battle for Britain. The fall of Singapore opens the Battle for Australia. On its issue depends not merely the fate of this Commonwealth but the frontier of the United States of America and, indeed, all the Americas and, therefore, in a large measure the fate of the British-speaking
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By 1944, a time when he was travelling to and from London and Washington for meetings with Churchill, Roosevelt and other Allied leaders, Curtin had already developed heart disease. He had a heart attack in November 1944, and did not return to work until January 1945. With the end of the war in
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had averted the perceived threat of invasion. Despite the "beat Germany first" policy, 346,000 Americans were fighting in the Pacific in 1942. Curtin had previously opposed conscription for overseas service during World War I, and again in 1940 when it was introduced by Menzies, although he had
1913:
Jack Beadly said of Curtin that "he was one of the greatest of wartime statesmen, and the preservation of Australia from invasion will be his immemorial monument". Curtin is credited with leading the Labor Party to its best federal election success in history, with a record 55.1 percent of the
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In terms of social policy, the Curtin government enacted a wide range of progressive social reforms during its time in office. Pensions were introduced for deserted wives and widows, while the establishment of the Women's Employment Board led to increased wages for some women during the war.
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was reluctant to call an election for a Parliament barely a year old, especially given the international situation. He summoned Coles and Wilson and made them promise that if he named Curtin prime minister, they would support him for the remainder of the Parliament to end the instability in
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wrote in an editorial on 13 August 1943, "we would have held the door to the vast manpower of China and the jumping-off fields for the devastation of Japanese cities. Multitudes of the finest lives of Australia, Britain, and America would have been saved; the long years of toil, death, and
3894:"JOHN CURTIN DEAD IN AUSTRALIA AT 60; War Leader, Prime Minister Since October, 1941, Turned to U. S. in Hour of Need JOHN CURTIN DEAD IN AUSTRALIA AT 60 Became an M. P. in 1928 Looked to United States for Aid Praised General MacArthur Denied Drift From Empire Worked in Print Shop at 12"
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place with the United States. This speech also received criticism at high levels of government in Australia, Britain and the US; it angered Churchill, and Roosevelt said that it "smacked of panic". The speech nevertheless achieved the effect of drawing attention to the possibility that
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The stress of the war and especially this bitter internal battle within Labor took a great toll on Curtin's health, which had never been robust even at the best of times. He had suffered all of his life from stress-related illnesses, and depression; he was also a heavy smoker.
1726:. The White Paper was the defining document of the official economic policy in Australia until the 1970s. For the first time, the Australian government accepted an obligation to guarantee full employment and to intervene as necessary to implement that guarantee.
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to deserted de jure wives who had been deserted for at least six months, divorced women who had not remarried and women whose husbands were in hospitals for those considered to be insane. From July that year, Widows' Pension Class B was exempted from income tax.
1295:
declared war on Germany and announced Australia's support for the British war effort. In 1941, Menzies travelled to Britain to discuss Australia's role in the war strategy, and to express concern at the reliability of Singapore's defences, only to be drawn into
1929:
in a speech in which he stated: "This country shall remain forever the home of the descendants of those people who came here in peace in order to establish in the South Seas an outpost of the British race." The Curtin government's October 1942 enactment of the
1818:, where a memorial service was held, conducted by his friend, the Presbyterian minister Hector Harrison. Ben Chifley and Enid Lyons were seen to weep openly. Harrison seemed to include Curtin among the Australian servicemen who had made the ultimate sacrifice:
2175:, who also received his initial schooling at small state schools in country Victoria. Menzies came from a more stable family environment, and by winning a series of scholarships was able to attend an elite private school and eventually study law at the
1538:. Churchill attempted to divert I Corps to reinforce British troops in Burma, without Australian approval. Curtin insisted that it return to Australia. Roosevelt supported Churchill, offering to send an American division to Australia instead, while the
1283:
challenger Frederick Lee appeared to have won the seat on the second count after most of independent Guildford Clarke's preferences flowed to him, and it was not until the final counting of preferential votes that Curtin knew he had won the seat.
1893:. Curtin proposed to her in Melbourne in 1915, and they were married in Perth on 21 April 1917. Their first child, a daughter also named Elsie, was born at the end of that year. Their second child, a son named John, was born in 1921.
895:, with whom he formed a close relationship, and successfully negotiated the issue of overseas conscription that had split his party during World War I. The ALP won almost two-thirds of the seats in the House of Representatives at the
2076:. His unique ability is to boost Australia's Production by 100% if in the past 20 turns (10 if the player has the Gathering Storm expansion), Australia has either liberated a city, or has had war declared on them by another player.
1779:, and safeguards against the abuse of legislative power. The referendum was defeated, receiving a majority only in Western Australia and South Australia. Nationally overall, 54 percent voted against the question in the referendum.
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was amended so that conscripts could be deployed outside of Australia to "such other territories in the South-West Pacific Area as the Governor-General proclaims as being territories associated with the defence of Australia".
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1759:. Fadden's Country Party took a particularly severe beating, winning only seven seats. Labor also won the primary vote in all states in the Senate, and thus all 19 seats, to hold a majority of 22 out of 36 seats.
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Curtin made very heavy use of newspapers and broadcast media, especially through press conferences, speeches, and newsreels. Australians gained a sense it was a people's war in which they were full participants.
1354:, the two independent MPs who had been keeping the Coalition in office since 1940 (first under Menzies, then under Fadden), joined forces with Labor in defeating Fadden's budget and bringing the government down.
984:, and was assessed as medically unable to resume his police duties. He was offered a choice between an annual pension and a lump-sum pay-out, and opted for the latter. He subsequently moved his family to inner
976:, it had "a considerable psychological effect" on him, and likely exacerbated his natural shyness. Curtin lived in Creswick until 1890, when his father retired from the police. His father suffered from chronic
899:, which remains a party record. Curtin died in office in July 1945, after months of ill health attributed to the stresses of the war. Many of his post-war reconstruction plans were implemented by his successor
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3733:"Child Endowment 1941 to 1976, Family Allowance 1976 to 1992, Basic Family Payment 1993 to 1995, Family Payment 1996 to 1998, Family Allowance 1998 to 2000 and Family Tax Benefit Part A from 2000"
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became payable in respect of the first child to any person qualified to receive unemployment or sickness benefit having the custody, care and control of one or more children under the age of 16.
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1814:, John Curtin died at The Lodge. Aged just 60, he was the second Australian prime minister to die in office within six years. The next day, Curtin's body was laid in state at the King's Hall in
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1312:, as Menzies' replacement, even though the UAP was the senior partner in the Coalition. Curtin adroitly refused calls from his own caucus to bring about the defeat of the government through a
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1061:. These were interspersed with periods of unemployment. He did not secure a permanent job until he was 18, taking up a position as an estimates clerk with the Titan Manufacturing Company in
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1522:, managed to escape. "The fall of Singapore", Curtin announced in a radio address to the nation on 16 February, "can only be described as Australia's Dunkirk. It will be recalled that the
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were provided with significantly increased entitlement to welfare benefits, while maternity allowances were extended. In addition, pensions for the elderly and infirm were increased.
1096:. He remained involved in both sports throughout the remainder of his life, as an administrator and supporter. He was said to have an encyclopaedic knowledge of cricket statistics.
1549:, threatened to resign if his advice was ignored and the troops were diverted to Burma. Curtin prevailed, although he agreed that the main body of the 6th Division could garrison
1047:, who had also grown up in Creswick and knew his family. The magazine did not last long, and over the following years Curtin held down a series of short-term jobs, including as a
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government. The independents agreed, and Curtin was sworn in as prime minister on 7 October, aged 56. He became the first and only prime minister to come from Western Australia.
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of the left eye, which remained noticeable throughout his life. It was largely a cosmetic defect, but he was quite self-conscious about it. According to his biographer
2012:, Melbourne, and many other buildings, roads, parks and structures throughout Australia. In 1975 Curtin was honoured on a postage stamp bearing his portrait issued by
1271:. The groups that had supported Curtin did so on the basis that he promise to give up alcohol, which he subsequently did. Although Labor made little progress at the
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led the ALP to consecutive victories for the first time. Curtin's 9 years and 277 days as leader of the federal ALP would remain a record until it was surpassed by
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Buoyed by this success, Curtin called a referendum which would give the government control of the economy and resources for five years after the war was over. The
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1231:'s Cabinet, but disapproval of his heavy drinking habit meant that he remained on the backbench. William Watson chose to briefly come out of retirement in
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His early death and the sentiments it aroused have given Curtin a unique place in Australian political history. Successive Labor leaders, particularly
1235:, and easily defeated Curtin in an election that saw Labor collapse to just 14 seats in Parliament. After the loss, Curtin became the advocate for the
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Strangio, Paul (2013). "Evaluating Prime-Ministerial Performance: The Australian Experience". In Strangio, Paul; 't Hart, Paul; Walter, James (eds.).
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powers, or 14 points referendum. It sought to give the government power, over a period of five years, to legislate on monopolies, corporations,
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1905:, didn't believe Curtin was agnostic at all, saying, "though Curtin never lost his distrust of religious institutions, faith grew within him."
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on a two-party preferred vote of 58.2% and a 17-seat swing. The Coalition was reduced to only 19 seats nationwide, including only one west of
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Curtin's title was Minister for Defence Co-ordination until 21 September 1943, at which point it was changed to simply Minister for Defence.
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as Labor Leader and therefore prime minister. Many of Curtin's post-war reconstruction plans were implemented by his successor Chifley, who
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1304:. While he was in Britain, Menzies lost the support of his own party, and was forced to resign as prime minister. The Coalition elected
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1150:. The strain of this period led him to drink heavily and regularly, a vice which blighted his career for many years. He proposed to
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1889:, an acquaintance from the Victorian Socialist Party, had taken Curtin to visit Elsie's father Abraham Needham, a candidate in the
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1981:
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3706:"Maternity Allowance 1912 to 1978, and 1996 to 2004, Maternity Immunisation Allowance from 1998, Maternity Payment from 2004"
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779:. Curtin's leadership skills and personal character were acclaimed by his political contemporaries and he is frequently
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1183:". He enjoyed the less pressured life of Western Australia and his political views gradually moderated. He joined the
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on overseas conscription, and was briefly jailed for refusing to attend a compulsory medical examination. He moved to
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3506:"John Curtin's Forgotten Media Legacy: The Impact of a Wartime Prime Minister on News Management Techniques, 1941β45"
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1934:, reversing the stance of four previous governments, marked Australian legal independence. This law, along with the
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He wrote for radical and socialist newspapers. From 1911 until 1915, Curtin was employed as state secretary of the
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4335:"Libraries ACT blog: The Brotherhood of Man β the Fall of Singapore and the re-dedication of St Ninian's Church"
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As a youth, Curtin was a talented sportsman. Between 1903 and 1907, he played as a half-forward flanker for the
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1223:, and Curtin ran again, this time winning on the second count. Re-elected in Labor's sweeping election victory
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in September 1903. By that time he was the family's primary breadwinner, as his father was a virtual invalid.
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1279:, which resulted in a hung parliament. In that election, Curtin's own seat of Fremantle had been in doubt.
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John Curtin's Australian Journalists Association Badge β English and Media Literacy, Australian Biography
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Lee, David (2016). "States rights and AustraliaΞΓΓs adoption of the statute of Westminster, 1931β1942".
3679:"Social Security Payments for the Unemployed, the Sick and those in Special Circumstances, 1942 to 2004"
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2179:. In contrast, it is unclear if Curtin was ever given the opportunity to sit a scholarship examination.
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am on 5 July 1945, as Australia's 7th Division began its last operation against Japanese forces in the
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could. Of Curtin's military decisions, it was the cleverest, most fruitful, most abidingly successful.
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6729:
6610:
6196:
4221:
4106:
3623:
1935:
1854:
in Perth; the service was attended by over 30,000 at the cemetery with many more lining the streets.
1539:
1339:
1123:
933:
795:
602:
479:
7006:
3343:
3141:
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2142:
1997:
1661:
1519:
1515:
1491:
1487:
1413:
1387:
1342:", partly because he feared that it would split the Labor Party, although he did agree to join the
1166:
1155:
3652:"Social Security Payments for the Aged, People with Disabilities and Carers 1909 to 2003 β part 1"
6615:
6448:
6433:
6398:
6388:
6186:
5307:
5079:
4833:
3215:
2176:
2091:
1608:
1581:
1577:
1499:
1411:
Curtin made crucial decisions linking Australia to the United States. On 28 December, the Sydney
1313:
1204:
1069:
1031:. Curtin attended the local state schools, ending his formal education in 1898 at the age of 13.
1028:
722:
6605:
6559:
6443:
6428:
6403:
6393:
6383:
6373:
6348:
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2132:
2001:
1926:
1776:
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1383:
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1268:
1264:
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1119:
1089:
989:
887:
768:
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and its sympathisers, there was trenchant opposition from the Catholic Church, represented by
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6423:
6413:
6368:
6358:
6353:
6343:
5348:
5326:
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2304:
2127:
2050:
1902:
1847:
1653:
1560:
campaign the following year, Curtin was forced to publicly defend his decision. "Had we held
1431:
1405:
1275:, by 1939 Labor's position had vastly improved. Curtin led Labor to a five-seat swing in the
1212:
1143:
1081:
973:
832:
687:
628:
615:
324:
4439:
3932:
7039:
7034:
6453:
6418:
6408:
4560:
3177:
2834:
2637:
977:
925:
802:
in 1911 and federal president in 1914. Curtin was a leader of the "No" campaign during the
32:
5242:
4863:
3564:
3460:"Julia Gillard: the stigma around mental health nearly cost Australia its greatest leader"
1518:
was taken into captivity, although a small number, including its commander, Major General
1324:
8:
6438:
6322:
5284:
5001:
John Curtin's War β Volume I: The Coming of War in the Pacific, and Reinventing Australia
4631:"Social security payments for the aged, people with disabilities and carers 1901 to 2010"
2930:
2898:
2188:
Norman Lindsay's father, Robert Lindsay, had been the attending doctor at Curtin's birth.
2025:
1915:
1851:
1796:
1511:
1483:
1058:
993:
872:
457:
5709:
5225:, Australian Political Lives: Chronicling political careers and administrative histories
3037:
1918:
lower house estimate of 58.2 percent at the 1943 election, winning two-thirds of seats.
1247:
after Watson announced his retirement for the second time, and was able to win it back.
6312:
6302:
6292:
6287:
6272:
5358:
4757:
4138:
3595:
3347:. Vol. VIII, no. 124. New South Wales, Australia. 13 August 1943. p. 6.
3285:
2584:
2108:
2096:
1989:
1957:
1939:
1456:
1394:
1016:
941:
776:
430:
426:
5457:
3655:
3145:. Vol. III, no. 7. New South Wales, Australia. 28 December 1941. p. 1.
1850:
escorted by a flight of nine fighter aircraft. After lying in state, he was buried at
6739:
6625:
6458:
6277:
6247:
5200:
5164:
5154:
5087:
5058:
5041:
5031:
5014:
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4985:
4966:
4761:
4406:
4313:
3901:
3522:
2866:
2702:
2694:
2684:
2279:
2122:
2079:
2054:
1969:
1772:
1695:
1601:
1584:
1531:
1523:
1333:
1297:
1171:
1093:
1012:
1008:
892:
876:
836:
812:
646:
5279:
The recording 'Curtin Speech: Japan Enters Second World War, 1941' was added to the
4837:
4528:
1691:
1576:
Curtin formed a close working relationship with the Allied Supreme Commander in the
7018:
6994:
6982:
6363:
6297:
6221:
6084:
5975:
5886:
5777:
5684:
5674:
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3192:
3110:
2962:
2670:
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2084:
1625:
1612:
1024:
945:
883:
763:(8 January 1885 β 5 July 1945) was an Australian politician who served as the 14th
4753:
2490:
6544:
6338:
6226:
6126:
6116:
6101:
5624:
5290:
4310:
In God they Trust? The Religious Beliefs of Australia's Prime Ministers 1901β2013
3212:"Parliamentary Handbook: Constitution β Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942"
2516:
2103:
2072:
2009:
1898:
1158:, and they were married on 21 April 1917 in the dining room of a private home in
1062:
1039:
In early 1899, Curtin began working as an office boy at a weekly magazine called
949:
868:
359:
771:(ALP), having been most notable for leading the country through the majority of
6378:
6231:
6146:
6006:
5808:
5679:
5634:
5604:
5579:
2838:. No. 1008. Western Australia. 29 April 1917. p. 5 (Second Section).
2666:
2542:
2172:
2013:
1985:
1942:, is one of the key components of Australia's modern constitutional framework.
1827:
1739:
1657:
1629:
1616:
supported softening it to allow conscripts to serve in Australian territories.
1546:
1301:
1292:
1132:
1044:
221:
171:
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5018:
4708:
4133:
3339:
3137:
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1455:
United States, constitutionally, this marked the moment that Australia became
7028:
6674:
6211:
6206:
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6151:
6121:
6111:
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6012:
5981:
5957:
5867:
5814:
5783:
5759:
5659:
5629:
5584:
5564:
5559:
5549:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5509:
5504:
5432:
5400:
5390:
5373:
5177:
5168:
5131:
5102:
4962:
4775:
4101:
4049:
4020:"From the Archives, 1945: Australia's war-time PM, John Curtin, laid to rest"
3905:
3863:
3618:
3526:
3455:
3105:
2957:
2925:
2893:
2829:
2698:
2605:
2067:
1870:
1839:
1569:
1400:
were both sunk by Japanese bombers off the Malayan coast. Curtin cabled the
1305:
1228:
1077:
852:
518:
297:
247:
225:
119:
5121:
Becoming John Curtin and James Scullin: The Making of the Modern Labor Party
3590:
3280:
2706:
1664:, hosting Prime Minister John Curtin of Australia and his wife Elsie at the
6724:
6181:
6176:
6131:
6106:
6078:
6031:
5964:
5950:
5880:
5833:
5766:
5752:
5644:
5569:
5554:
5514:
5127:
3833:
3760:"Child's Allowance/Additional Pension or Benefit for Children 1943 to 1993"
3464:
2032:
2005:
1882:
1831:
1792:
1459:, no longer subject to the supremacy of British law and the British Crown.
1347:
1291:
invaded Poland. In line with the king's declaration of war, Prime Minister
1288:
1151:
772:
491:
213:
183:
3989:"Memorial service for John Curtin, Parliament House Canberra, 6 July 1945"
1043:, earning five shillings per week. His employer was the artist and writer
794:. He joined the Labor Party at a young age and was also involved with the
6648:
6201:
6191:
6166:
6141:
6136:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6018:
6001:
5995:
5970:
5898:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5820:
5803:
5797:
5772:
5669:
5649:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5599:
5594:
5544:
5519:
5449:
5417:
3484:
1993:
1950:
1862:
1858:
1756:
1665:
1379:
1260:
929:
900:
856:
309:
285:
235:
131:
107:
2588:
2066:
John Curtin appears as the leader of the Australian civilization in the
1370:
6679:
6653:
6216:
6161:
6072:
6058:
5874:
5860:
5664:
5654:
5574:
4601:
3627:. Vol. LXV, no. 36. Queensland. 11 February 1943. p. 1.
1835:
1775:, religion, ex-servicemen rehabilitation, the ability to legislate for
1734:
1573:
separation, which assuredly stretch ahead, would have been shortened."
1195:
969:
767:
from 1941 until his death in 1945. He held office as the leader of the
217:
1803:
sight, his health began to deteriorate seriously and at a rapid pace.
1530:
The Japanese threat was further underlined on 19 February, when Japan
1259:
to replace him, although he was not expected to win. His opponent was
1104:
835:. He is the only prime minister to have represented a constituency in
6024:
5826:
5639:
4717:. No. 27, 294. Victoria, Australia. 10 October 1942. p. 2.
3933:"Come and see the former heads of the national parliament...or bust!"
2768:. No. 18554. Victoria, Australia. 7 September 1914. p. 11.
2580:
2276:
Understanding Prime-Ministerial Performance: Comparative Perspectives
1977:
1946:
1886:
1768:
985:
791:
81:
4916:"Australia Is The Newest Civilization 6 Faction, Led By John Curtin"
1787:
6171:
4603:
Australia since federation : a narrative and critical analysis
2736:. No. 18541. Victoria, Australia. 22 August 1914. p. 14.
2038:
1961:
1478:
signs the declaration of war against Japan, with Curtin looking on.
1451:
1048:
981:
937:
921:
446:
4685:. Australian Government Department of Home Affairs. Archived from
1596:
1175:, the official trade union newspaper. He settled in the suburb of
4713:
3762:. Parliament of Australia β Parliamentary Library. Archived from
3735:. Parliament of Australia β Parliamentary Library. Archived from
3708:. Parliament of Australia β Parliamentary Library. Archived from
3681:. Parliament of Australia β Parliamentary Library. Archived from
3654:. Parliament of Australia β Parliamentary Library. Archived from
2764:
2732:
2243:"Who were Australia's best prime ministers? We asked the experts"
2214:
1561:
1507:
1467:
1127:
1053:
1020:
960:
7145:
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Fremantle
2042:
Bust of John Curtin by sculptor Wallace Anderson located in the
1857:
Curtin was initially succeeded as prime minister by his deputy,
1255:
In 1935, when Scullin resigned as Labor Leader, Curtin stood in
1135:
in the view that imperialism was capitalism in its last stage".
1076:(VFA). His teammates gave him the nickname "Bumble". His nephew
4366:"John Curtin: Guide to Archives of Australia's Prime Ministers"
4142:. Vol. 51, no. 14, 532. 12 November 1976. p. 7.
1826:
Bearing his coffin from the King's Hall were Opposition Leader
1669:
1550:
1417:
published a public statement of his government's new attitude:
786:
Curtin left school at the age of 13 and became involved in the
7013:
4890:"State's tribute to one of the nation's great Prime Ministers"
7070:
Australian members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
7060:
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Australia
5257:
4807:
1843:
1565:
1338:
Curtin had refused Menzies' initial offer to form a wartime "
1139:
823:
After three unsuccessful attempts, Curtin was elected to the
807:
799:
44:
3289:. Vol. 16, no. 4347. 17 February 1942. p. 3.
3310:
3308:
3251:
3249:
2640:. John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library. 24 November 2017.
2545:. John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library. 18 December 2002.
2519:. John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library. 18 December 2002.
2493:. John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library. 18 December 2002.
1503:
936:
in 1873, with two of his brothers. His brothers settled in
4082:
4070:
3814:
3802:
3790:
3778:
3545:
3402:
3261:
3018:
3006:
2994:
2982:
1131:
Graeme Osborne describes Curtin's stance as "anticipating
847:, but won it back in 1934. The following year, Curtin was
5739:
5100:
4419:
999:
Curtin began his education at St Francis' Boys School, a
907:
led the ALP to consecutive victories for the first time.
4683:"Fact sheet β Abolition of the 'White Australia' Policy"
3378:
3368:
3366:
3305:
3246:
3234:
2966:. No. 1874. Brisbane. 4 September 1939. p. 1.
2784:
1984:
in Canberra, the John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library,
1482:
The Curtin government agreed that the Australian Army's
1227:, he expected to be named as a member of Prime Minister
597:
5487:
4531:. John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library. October 2004.
3114:. No. 4332. Brisbane. 14 October 1950. p. 2.
1287:
In September 1939, the Second World War commenced when
932:, Ireland. His father, John Curtin Sr., had arrived in
839:. He remained loyal to the Labor government during the
5223:
Chapter 7. John Curtin: Taking his Childhood Seriously
5151:
Reminiscences of General of the Army Douglas MacArthur
4523:
4521:
4519:
3390:
3320:
843:. He lost his seat in Labor's landslide defeat at the
6966:
5274:
5084:
In His Own Words: John Curtin's Speeches and Writings
4440:"Three strikes against the polls, or the Govt is out"
3363:
781:
ranked as one of Australia's greatest prime ministers
5260:/ Curtin University of Technology, Western Australia
4058:(City Final ed.). Perth. 9 July 1945. p. 8
3086:
2459:
2447:
2399:
2000:, John Curtin House, the former headquarters of the
4633:. Parliament of Australia β Parliamentary Library.
4516:
4312:. The Bible Society. 2013. pp. Location 1994.
2566:
2564:
2329:
2327:
1914:primary half-senate vote, winning all seats, and a
1702:, with Curtin at a state luncheon in her honour at
1007:. He later briefly attended St Bridget's School in
7150:Members of the Australian House of Representatives
5197:Saving Australia: Curtin's Secret Peace with Japan
5028:John Curtin's War: Volume II β Triumph and Decline
4558:
4403:Father of the House: The Memoirs of Kim E. Beazley
4194:
4182:
4170:
4158:
3504:
4784:(First ed.). Perth. 7 July 1945. p. 3.
4574:. Australian Institute of Family Studies: 51β60.
3567:. Australian Government β Department of Finance.
2614:(Home ed.). Perth. 5 July 1945. p. 14.
2471:
2435:
2423:
2411:
2387:
2375:
2171:have compared Curtin's experiences with those of
2138:Military history of Australia during World War II
7026:
4892:(Press release). Western Australian government.
4220:. National Archives of Australia. Archived from
3201:, pp. 522β523, 528, 537, quote on page 540.
2561:
2339:
2324:
1494:β would be transferred from North Africa to the
1446:Concurrently, the Curtin government enacted the
1118:From a young age, Curtin was active in both the
859:by a single vote. The party gained seats at the
4554:
4552:
4550:
2571:Osborne, Graeme (1978). "A Socialist Dilemma".
2363:
2351:
2082:portrayed Curtin in the television mini-series
1722:In 1945, Curtin ordered the preparation of the
1179:where his residence is now heritage-listed as "
810:the following year to become the editor of the
3064:"Curtin Speech: Japan Enters Second World War"
915:
775:, including all but the last few weeks of the
5914:
5725:
5473:
4017:
2016:. On 14 August 2005, the 60th anniversary of
1328:John Curtin giving his austerity speech, 1942
1057:, a potter's apprentice, and a houseboy at a
1011:. He also attended Macedon Primary School in
741:
592:
16:Prime Minister of Australia from 1941 to 1945
5086:. Perth: Paradigm Books, Curtin University.
4559:Herscovitch, Andrew; Stanton, David (2008).
4547:
3565:"Information Regarding Cornwell-Type Claims"
1861:; seven days later a party ballot installed
1374:John Curtin and his wife Elsie (nΓ©e Needham)
1215:, although he lost heavily to the incumbent
372:17 November 1928 β 19 December 1931
1724:White Paper on Full Employment in Australia
1607:By mid-1942, the results of the battles of
1457:an independent nation with a separate Crown
1250:
910:
7075:Australian politicians convicted of crimes
5928:
5921:
5907:
5732:
5718:
5480:
5466:
4796:– via National Library of Australia.
4729:– via National Library of Australia.
4333:Library, Act Heritage (15 February 2017).
4154:– via National Library of Australia.
4122:– via National Library of Australia.
4110:. Adelaide. 30 September 1946. p. 4.
4066:– via National Library of Australia.
3639:– via National Library of Australia.
3607:– via National Library of Australia.
3359:– via National Library of Australia.
3301:– via National Library of Australia.
3174:2002 History Conference β Remembering 1942
3157:– via National Library of Australia.
3126:– via National Library of Australia.
2978:– via National Library of Australia.
2946:– via National Library of Australia.
2914:– via National Library of Australia.
2882:– via National Library of Australia.
2850:– via National Library of Australia.
2780:– via National Library of Australia.
2748:– via National Library of Australia.
2679:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
2626:– via National Library of Australia.
2600:
2598:
1088:(VFL). Curtin also played cricket for the
1015:. In 1894, Curtin and his family moved to
955:
748:
734:
43:
5148:
5101:Butlin, S.J. and Schedvin, C. B. (1977).
4840:. John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library.
4659:. John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library.
4599:
4561:"History of social security in Australia"
4425:
3176:. Australian War Memorial. Archived from
1901:, who succeeded Curtin as the Member for
1496:American-British-Dutch-Australian Command
1190:
4363:
2728:"Balaclave β Mr J. Curtin's Candidature"
2273:
2240:
2148:
2037:
1932:Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942
1786:
1733:
1690:
1652:
1595:
1466:
1448:Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942
1425:
1369:
1323:
1194:
1103:
992:and moving into rented accommodation in
959:
660:Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942
337:15 September 1934 β 5 July 1945
203:1 October 1935 β 7 October 1941
5175:
5133:The Government and the People 1942β1945
5126:
5123:(Melbourne University Publishing, 2020)
5025:
4998:
4979:
4808:"John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library"
4628:
4491:
4400:
4332:
4088:
4076:
3820:
3808:
3796:
3784:
3757:
3730:
3703:
3676:
3649:
3551:
3502:
3454:
3408:
3396:
3384:
3372:
3314:
3267:
3255:
3240:
3092:
3024:
3012:
3000:
2988:
2790:
2661:
2659:
2595:
2570:
2491:"Bouncedown at Brunswick Football Club"
1564:, or had we even held the district, of
1430:Parliament House portrait of Curtin by
1092:, where he had a reputation as a solid
816:, and later was state president of the
674:
669:
7027:
4285:from the original on 14 September 2014
3493:, pp. 456β58, 468, 480, 520, 538.
3414:
3170:"Another look at Curtin and MacArthur"
2806:. Curtin University. 17 January 2018.
1982:John Curtin School of Medical Research
1885:on a visit to Tasmania in April 1912.
1771:, national health, family allowances,
1169:, in 1917 to become an editor for the
7140:Leaders of the Australian Labor Party
7065:Leaders of the Opposition (Australia)
6720:1975 Australian constitutional crisis
6700:History of the Australian Labor Party
5902:
5741:Leaders of the Australian Labor Party
5713:
5461:
5291:Newspaper clippings about John Curtin
5269:Listen to John Curtin declaring that
5258:John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library
5194:
5078:
4942:
4866:. Australian Stamp and Coin Company.
4832:
4826:
4814:from the original on 22 November 2013
4721:from the original on 20 February 2024
4446:from the original on 11 December 2007
4382:from the original on 21 November 2022
4304:
4302:
4300:
4254:from the original on 15 November 2022
4146:from the original on 20 February 2024
4114:from the original on 20 February 2024
4030:from the original on 15 November 2022
3999:from the original on 15 November 2022
3969:from the original on 15 November 2022
3930:
3912:from the original on 15 November 2022
3874:from the original on 20 February 2024
3844:from the original on 15 November 2022
3631:from the original on 20 February 2024
3533:from the original on 20 February 2024
3351:from the original on 20 February 2024
3293:from the original on 20 February 2024
3149:from the original on 20 February 2024
3118:from the original on 20 February 2024
2970:from the original on 20 February 2024
2938:from the original on 20 February 2024
2906:from the original on 20 February 2024
2874:from the original on 20 February 2024
2842:from the original on 20 February 2024
2772:from the original on 20 February 2024
2740:from the original on 20 February 2024
2618:from the original on 9 September 2020
2517:"A great barracker: Curtin and footy"
2300:"Ranking Australia's prime ministers"
2222:from the original on 14 November 2012
2060:
1644:
1540:Chief of the Australian General Staff
1450:, under which Australia accepted the
1365:
1034:
665:Department of Post-War Reconstruction
504:
277:1 October 1935 β 5 July 1945
151:7 October 1941 β 5 July 1945
73:7 October 1941 β 5 July 1945
5266:β Prime Ministers' Natural Treasures
5052:
4504:from the original on 5 November 2012
4437:
4200:
4188:
4176:
4164:
3436:from the original on 17 January 2012
3281:"Singapore was Dunkirk of Australia"
2656:
2543:"A fine innings: Curtin and cricket"
2312:from the original on 25 October 2018
1462:
988:, taking over the lease of a pub on
7155:Members of the Cabinet of Australia
7045:20th-century Australian politicians
5182:. Canberra: Australian War Memorial
5136:. Canberra: Australian War Memorial
5107:. Canberra: Australian War Memorial
4953:
4844:from the original on 21 August 2017
4739:
4637:from the original on 21 August 2014
4610:from the original on 21 August 2014
4473:from the original on 21 August 2014
4272:
4244:"Strange mix of politics and faith"
3571:from the original on 20 August 2014
3490:
3326:
3198:
3167:
2477:
2465:
2453:
2441:
2429:
2417:
2405:
2393:
2381:
2369:
2357:
2345:
2333:
2255:from the original on 16 August 2023
2202:
1729:
1441:Australia would be invaded by Japan
1185:Australian Journalists' Association
818:Australian Journalists' Association
798:. He became state secretary of the
13:
7085:Australian people of Irish descent
4896:from the original on 24 March 2019
4629:Daniels, Dale (21 February 2011).
4492:Grattan, Michelle (5 March 2005).
4464:
4405:. ReadHowYouWant.com. p. 63.
4297:
3939:from the original on 14 April 2010
2870:. Perth. 13 July 1945. p. 4.
2810:from the original on 23 March 2019
2676:Australian Dictionary of Biography
2606:"Curtin WA's First Prime Minister"
2549:from the original on 23 April 2018
2523:from the original on 23 April 2018
2497:from the original on 23 April 2018
2106:portrayed Curtin in the telemovie
1099:
14:
7191:
7090:Australian people of World War II
5214:
4926:from the original on 2 April 2019
4870:from the original on 3 March 2016
4663:from the original on 4 April 2012
4581:from the original on 11 June 2014
4529:"Social Services and Immigration"
3758:Daniels, Dale (15 October 2004).
3731:Daniels, Dale (15 October 2004).
3704:Daniels, Dale (15 October 2004).
3677:Daniels, Dale (8 November 2004).
3074:from the original on 2 April 2011
3044:from the original on 2 April 2019
3040:. Western Australian government.
2934:. Perth. 6 July 1945. p. 8.
2902:. Perth. 6 July 1945. p. 8.
2665:
2644:from the original on 6 March 2019
2046:in the Ballarat Botanical Gardens
1514:on 15 February 1942. Most of the
1319:
867:, with the latter resulting in a
7105:Australian democratic socialists
7012:
7000:
6988:
6976:
5696:
5695:
4908:
4882:
4856:
4800:
4788:from the original on 16 May 2024
4768:
4733:
4701:
4675:
4649:
4622:
4593:
4535:from the original on 6 June 2012
4485:
4458:
4431:
3503:Coatney, Caryn (November 2013).
3472:from the original on 4 July 2017
2241:Strangio, Paul (2 August 2021).
2210:"Prime ministers' rank and file"
1876:
1558:1943 Australian federal election
968:Curtin was born with congenital
721:
558:
537:
7175:People from Brunswick, Victoria
7120:Brunswick Football Club players
5281:National Film and Sound Archive
5153:. Annapolis: Bluejacket Books.
5030:. Melbourne, Victoria: Viking.
4438:Goot, Murray (1 October 2007).
4394:
4364:Black, David; Wallace, Lesley.
4357:
4326:
4266:
4236:
4206:
4126:
4094:
4042:
4011:
3981:
3951:
3924:
3886:
3856:
3826:
3751:
3724:
3697:
3670:
3643:
3611:
3583:
3557:
3496:
3448:
3332:
3273:
3204:
3161:
3138:"Australia Looks First to U.S."
3130:
3098:
3030:
2950:
2918:
2886:
2854:
2822:
2796:
2752:
2720:
2630:
2535:
2509:
2483:
2182:
2164:
1974:John Curtin College of the Arts
1700:First Lady of the United States
1536:air raids on northern Australia
1243:. He stood for his old seat in
500:
7170:World War II political leaders
7160:People from Creswick, Victoria
7130:Defence ministers of Australia
7125:Burials at Karrakatta Cemetery
5271:Australia is at war with Japan
5239:National Archives of Australia
4373:National Archives of Australia
4273:Day, David (11 October 2008).
3963:National Archives of Australia
3650:Daniels, Dale (18 June 2004).
3519:10.5263/labourhistory.105.0063
3430:National Archives of Australia
3422:"John Curtin, The war at home"
2681:Australian National University
2292:
2267:
2234:
2155:
1956:Curtin is commemorated by the
1742:in Parliament House, July 1945
1704:Old Parliament House, Canberra
1402:President of the United States
1241:Commonwealth Grants Commission
1108:Caricature of Curtin in 1914 (
1074:Victorian Football Association
944:and found work as a warder at
871:. The ALP eventually formed a
654:Term of government (1941β1945)
1:
4754:10.1080/14490854.2016.1186001
4465:Ey, Carol (4 December 2012).
4018:Staff Writers (5 July 2020).
3599:. 25 November 1949. p. 3
2094:portrayed Curtin in the film
1891:1912 Tasmanian state election
1830:, and former prime ministers
1237:Western Australian Government
7165:Prime ministers of Australia
6545:Australian Capital Territory
5489:Prime ministers of Australia
2195:
2030:Premier of Western Australia
1622:Communist Party of Australia
1510:. Before they could arrive,
21:John Curtin (disambiguation)
7:
5408:Prime Minister of Australia
5295:20th Century Press Archives
5235:Australia's Prime Ministers
5149:MacArthur, Douglas (1964).
4961:. Pymble, New South Wales:
4218:Australia's Prime Ministers
3959:"John Curtin: after office"
3931:Crase, Simon (1 May 2008).
3426:Australia's Prime Ministers
2804:"Biography of Elsie Curtin"
2278:. Oxford University Press.
2116:
1842:. His body was returned to
916:Birth and family background
765:prime minister of Australia
647:Prime Minister of Australia
639:1935 Labor leadership spill
61:Prime Minister of Australia
10:
7196:
7050:AntiβWorld War I activists
6745:Norfolk Island Labor Party
4838:"Biography of John Curtin"
4102:"London View of Elections"
3340:"Curtin adopts the A.I.F."
2760:"Metropolitan Electorates"
2671:"Curtin, John (1885β1945)"
2638:"Biography of John Curtin"
1764:1944 Australian Referendum
1331:
879:lost a confidence motion.
875:in October 1941, when the
414:John Joseph Ambrose Curtin
18:
6763:
6692:
6667:
6641:
6634:
6611:Australian Fabian Society
6588:
6533:
6467:
6331:
6240:
6094:
5938:
5747:
5693:
5500:
5446:
5440:Leader of the Labor Party
5437:
5429:
5424:
5414:
5405:
5397:
5387:
5378:
5370:
5365:
5355:
5343:
5333:
5321:
5313:
5306:
3624:Townsville Daily Bulletin
3619:"UNIVERSITIES COMMISSION"
1936:Constitution of Australia
1908:
1881:Curtin was introduced to
1265:Leader of the Labor Party
1124:Victorian Socialist Party
1086:Victorian Football League
1072:in the semi-professional
851:party leader in place of
796:Victorian Socialist Party
603:Victorian Socialist Party
545:
533:
525:
514:
485:
480:Victorian Socialist Party
473:
463:
453:
436:
409:
404:
400:
388:
376:
365:
353:
341:
330:
315:
303:
291:
281:
270:
265:Leader of the Labor Party
263:
253:
241:
231:
207:
196:
189:
177:
165:
155:
144:
137:
125:
113:
101:
87:
77:
66:
58:
54:
42:
30:
5425:Party political offices
5381:Leader of the Opposition
5176:Wigmore, Lionel (1957).
4709:"Bill to Ratify statute"
4600:Alexander, Fred (1967).
4050:"Huge Crowd Pays Homage"
2143:Residence of John Curtin
1782:
1753:House of Representatives
1662:Prime Minister of Canada
1378:On 8 December 1941, the
1269:Leader of the Opposition
1251:Leader of the Opposition
1199:John Curtin in the 1920s
1167:Perth, Western Australia
911:Early life and education
882:The Japanese attacks on
825:House of Representatives
567:This article is part of
191:Leader of the Opposition
88:Governors‑General
6616:Chifley Research Centre
5308:Parliament of Australia
5275:australianscreen online
4980:Dowsing, Irene (1969).
4657:"Diary of a Labour Man"
3993:catalogue.curtin.edu.au
3216:Parliament of Australia
2177:University of Melbourne
2057:is named after Curtin.
2044:Prime Minister's Avenue
1578:South West Pacific Area
1500:Netherlands East Indies
1314:motion of no confidence
1070:Brunswick Football Club
956:Childhood and education
783:and political leaders.
49:Official portrait, 1942
7135:Former Roman Catholics
7080:Australian monarchists
7055:Australian journalists
6606:Australian Young Labor
5931:Australian Labor Party
5026:Edwards, John (2018).
4999:Edwards, John (2017).
2958:"Britain Declares War"
2133:Second Curtin Ministry
2047:
2024:of Curtin in front of
2002:Australian Labor Party
1958:federal seat of Curtin
1927:White Australia policy
1824:
1799:
1777:Indigenous Australians
1743:
1707:
1679:Aboriginal Australians
1673:
1604:
1594:
1479:
1435:
1424:
1375:
1329:
1281:United Australia Party
1200:
1191:Early political career
1120:Australian Labor Party
1115:
1090:Brunswick Cricket Club
990:Little Lonsdale Street
965:
948:. He later joined the
769:Australian Labor Party
598:Early political career
96:The Duke of Gloucester
6750:The light on the hill
5345:Member of Parliament
5323:Member of Parliament
5104:War Economy 1942-1945
4401:Beazley, Kim (2010).
4248:Sydney Morning Herald
2305:Sydney Morning Herald
2149:Explanatory footnotes
2128:First Curtin Ministry
2051:The John Curtin Hotel
2041:
1820:
1790:
1746:Curtin went into the
1738:John Curtin's coffin
1737:
1694:
1656:
1599:
1589:
1470:
1432:Anthony Dattilo Rubbo
1429:
1419:
1406:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1382:broke out when Japan
1373:
1327:
1198:
1148:1914 federal election
1107:
963:
940:, but he moved on to
891:the American general
833:Division of Fremantle
829:1928 federal election
319:Australian Parliament
7115:Australian feminists
5359:Kim Beazley (senior)
5053:Ross, Lloyd (1977).
4922:. 21 February 2017.
4836:(24 November 2017).
3658:on 13 September 2004
2835:Sunday Times (Perth)
2218:. 18 December 2004.
1925:Curtin defended the
1812:Battle of Balikpapan
1534:, the first of many
1344:Advisory War Council
1308:, the leader of the
1219:. Watson retired in
1140:Timberworkers' Union
978:rheumatoid arthritis
800:Timberworkers' Union
139:Minister for Defence
33:The Right Honourable
19:For other uses, see
7110:Left-wing populists
7100:Marxist journalists
7095:Australian Marxists
6730:Federal Labor (NSW)
6596:National Conference
6495:Beazley (1996β2001)
5285:Sounds of Australia
5195:Wurth, Bob (2006).
5179:The Japanese Thrust
4982:Curtin of Australia
4864:"John Curtin Stamp"
4345:on 21 November 2022
4224:on 27 February 2020
4091:, pp. 410β411.
4079:, pp. 404β405.
3823:, pp. 350β351.
3811:, pp. 333β334.
3799:, pp. 535β540.
3787:, pp. 365β370.
3554:, pp. 313β314.
3411:, pp. 137β140.
3344:The Daily Telegraph
3329:, pp. 453β454.
3270:, pp. 383β385.
3180:on 17 November 2007
3142:The Daily Telegraph
3106:"The Hinge of Fate"
3027:, pp. 264β267.
3015:, pp. 196β199.
3003:, pp. 258β261.
2991:, pp. 228β229.
2931:The West Australian
2899:The West Australian
2026:Fremantle Town Hall
1916:two party preferred
1852:Karrakatta Cemetery
1797:Karrakatta Cemetery
1706:, in September 1943
1502:for the defence of
1384:bombed Pearl Harbor
1346:. In October 1941,
1340:national government
1181:John Curtin's House
1003:school attached to
964:John Curtin in 1908
920:Curtin was born in
873:minority government
841:party split of 1931
458:Karrakatta Cemetery
6601:National Executive
6589:Party institutions
6555:Northern Territory
5366:Political offices
4943:General references
4689:on 12 January 2018
4339:Libraries ACT blog
4275:"Buried treasures"
4139:The Canberra Times
3898:The New York Times
3864:"JOHN CURTIN DIES"
3596:The Canberra Times
3591:"Labour Viewpoint"
3286:The Canberra Times
2894:"Life in Politics"
2097:Death of a Soldier
2061:In popular culture
2048:
1990:Northern Territory
1940:Australia Act 1986
1800:
1744:
1708:
1674:
1645:Homefront policies
1632:. Ultimately, the
1605:
1544:Lieutenant General
1480:
1436:
1376:
1366:War in the Pacific
1330:
1225:the following year
1201:
1116:
1035:Early working life
1005:St Francis' Church
1001:Christian Brothers
966:
777:war in the Pacific
431:Colony of Victoria
7180:Westralian Worker
7007:Western Australia
6964:
6963:
6755:Tree of Knowledge
6740:Industrial Groups
6688:
6687:
6659:Independent Labor
6626:John Curtin House
6580:Western Australia
6510:Beazley (2005β06)
6480:Whitlam (1975β77)
6475:Whitlam (1967β72)
5896:
5895:
5707:
5706:
5456:
5455:
5447:Succeeded by
5415:Succeeded by
5388:Succeeded by
5356:Succeeded by
5334:Succeeded by
5199:. Lothian Press.
5160:978-1-55750-483-8
5093:978-1-86342-422-6
5037:978-0-14379-136-2
5010:978-0-670-07347-4
4776:"Pension For PM?"
4742:History Australia
4319:978-0-647-51855-7
3387:, pp. 77β83.
3317:, pp. 77β87.
3258:, pp. 70β71.
3243:, pp. 32β33.
2926:"Curtin, The Man"
2867:Westralian Worker
2793:, pp. 21β22.
2690:978-0-522-84459-7
2468:, pp. 49β50.
2456:, pp. 42β44.
2408:, pp. 24β26.
2123:Curtin government
2080:Michael Blakemore
2055:Carlton, Victoria
1970:Curtin University
1773:freedom of speech
1751:the seats in the
1696:Eleanor Roosevelt
1602:Douglas MacArthur
1585:Douglas MacArthur
1568:", media magnate
1486:β centred on the
1463:Military policies
1334:Curtin government
1298:Winston Churchill
1207:a second time in
1203:Curtin stood for
1172:Westralian Worker
893:Douglas MacArthur
877:Fadden government
837:Western Australia
813:Westralian Worker
758:
757:
670:Domestic policies
633:
620:
585:
584:
549:
548:
7187:
7017:
7016:
7005:
7004:
7003:
6993:
6992:
6991:
6981:
6980:
6979:
6972:
6764:Leadership votes
6639:
6638:
6537:
6222:Anthony Albanese
6085:Anthony Albanese
5976:Matthew Charlton
5942:
5932:
5923:
5916:
5909:
5900:
5899:
5734:
5727:
5720:
5711:
5710:
5699:
5698:
5482:
5475:
5468:
5459:
5458:
5430:Preceded by
5398:Preceded by
5371:Preceded by
5314:Preceded by
5304:
5303:
5287:registry in 2010
5254:
5252:
5250:
5241:. Archived from
5210:
5191:
5189:
5187:
5172:
5145:
5143:
5141:
5116:
5114:
5112:
5097:
5068:
5049:
5022:
4995:
4984:. Acacia Press.
4976:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4931:
4912:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4901:
4886:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4875:
4860:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4849:
4830:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4819:
4804:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4793:
4772:
4766:
4765:
4737:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4726:
4705:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4694:
4679:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4668:
4653:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4642:
4626:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4615:
4597:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4586:
4580:
4565:
4556:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4540:
4525:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4509:
4489:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4478:
4462:
4456:
4455:
4453:
4451:
4435:
4429:
4423:
4417:
4416:
4398:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4381:
4370:
4361:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4341:. Archived from
4330:
4324:
4323:
4306:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4270:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4259:
4250:. 25 June 2010.
4240:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4210:
4204:
4198:
4192:
4186:
4180:
4174:
4168:
4162:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4151:
4130:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4119:
4098:
4092:
4086:
4080:
4074:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4063:
4046:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4015:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4004:
3985:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3955:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3935:. ABC Ballarat.
3928:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3890:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3860:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3830:
3824:
3818:
3812:
3806:
3800:
3794:
3788:
3782:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3766:on 12 March 2005
3755:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3739:on 12 March 2005
3728:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3717:
3712:on 12 March 2005
3701:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3685:on 12 March 2005
3674:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3561:
3555:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3508:
3500:
3494:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3458:(28 June 2017).
3452:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3418:
3412:
3406:
3400:
3394:
3388:
3382:
3376:
3370:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3336:
3330:
3324:
3318:
3312:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3277:
3271:
3265:
3259:
3253:
3244:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3218:. Archived from
3208:
3202:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3168:Edwards, Peter.
3165:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3134:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3111:The Courier-Mail
3102:
3096:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3068:australianscreen
3060:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3034:
3028:
3022:
3016:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2992:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2963:The Courier-Mail
2954:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2800:
2794:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2663:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2602:
2593:
2592:
2581:10.2307/27508339
2568:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2487:
2481:
2475:
2469:
2463:
2457:
2451:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2421:
2415:
2409:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2385:
2379:
2373:
2367:
2361:
2355:
2349:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2308:. 25 June 2010.
2296:
2290:
2289:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2248:The Conversation
2238:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2206:
2189:
2186:
2180:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2085:The Last Bastion
2028:was unveiled by
1994:RAAF Base Curtin
1816:Parliament House
1809:
1730:1943 re-election
1626:B. A. Santamaria
1473:Governor-General
1356:Governor-General
1352:Alexander Wilson
1211:, this time for
1165:Curtin moved to
1160:West Leederville
1059:gentlemen's club
946:Pentridge Prison
750:
743:
736:
725:
625:
612:
581:
580:
578:
571:
570:
562:
555:
554:
551:
550:
541:
508:
506:
502:
443:
423:
421:
405:Personal details
391:
379:
370:
356:
344:
335:
321:
306:
294:
275:
256:
244:
210:
201:
180:
168:
158:
149:
128:
116:
71:
47:
28:
27:
7195:
7194:
7190:
7189:
7188:
7186:
7185:
7184:
7025:
7024:
7023:
7011:
7001:
6999:
6989:
6987:
6977:
6975:
6967:
6965:
6960:
6759:
6684:
6663:
6630:
6584:
6565:South Australia
6550:New South Wales
6535:
6529:
6468:Shadow cabinets
6463:
6327:
6236:
6227:Tanya Plibersek
6127:Arthur Blakeley
6117:Albert Gardiner
6102:Gregor McGregor
6090:
5940:
5934:
5930:
5927:
5897:
5892:
5743:
5738:
5708:
5703:
5689:
5496:
5486:
5452:
5443:
5435:
5420:
5411:
5403:
5393:
5384:
5376:
5361:
5352:
5346:
5339:
5330:
5324:
5319:
5248:
5246:
5245:on 26 July 2010
5229:
5217:
5207:
5185:
5183:
5161:
5139:
5137:
5110:
5108:
5094:
5065:
5038:
5011:
4992:
4973:
4945:
4940:
4939:
4929:
4927:
4914:
4913:
4909:
4899:
4897:
4888:
4887:
4883:
4873:
4871:
4862:
4861:
4857:
4847:
4845:
4831:
4827:
4817:
4815:
4806:
4805:
4801:
4791:
4789:
4774:
4773:
4769:
4738:
4734:
4724:
4722:
4707:
4706:
4702:
4692:
4690:
4681:
4680:
4676:
4666:
4664:
4655:
4654:
4650:
4640:
4638:
4627:
4623:
4613:
4611:
4598:
4594:
4584:
4582:
4578:
4563:
4557:
4548:
4538:
4536:
4527:
4526:
4517:
4507:
4505:
4494:"Curtin's Gift"
4490:
4486:
4476:
4474:
4463:
4459:
4449:
4447:
4436:
4432:
4424:
4420:
4413:
4399:
4395:
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4346:
4331:
4327:
4320:
4308:
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4298:
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4227:
4225:
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4207:
4199:
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4187:
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4175:
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4159:
4149:
4147:
4132:
4131:
4127:
4117:
4115:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4087:
4083:
4075:
4071:
4061:
4059:
4048:
4047:
4043:
4033:
4031:
4016:
4012:
4002:
4000:
3987:
3986:
3982:
3972:
3970:
3957:
3956:
3952:
3942:
3940:
3929:
3925:
3915:
3913:
3900:. 5 July 1945.
3892:
3891:
3887:
3877:
3875:
3870:. 5 July 1945.
3862:
3861:
3857:
3847:
3845:
3832:
3831:
3827:
3819:
3815:
3807:
3803:
3795:
3791:
3783:
3779:
3769:
3767:
3756:
3752:
3742:
3740:
3729:
3725:
3715:
3713:
3702:
3698:
3688:
3686:
3675:
3671:
3661:
3659:
3648:
3644:
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3617:
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3612:
3602:
3600:
3589:
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3563:
3562:
3558:
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3546:
3536:
3534:
3501:
3497:
3489:
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3475:
3473:
3453:
3449:
3439:
3437:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3407:
3403:
3395:
3391:
3383:
3379:
3371:
3364:
3354:
3352:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3325:
3321:
3313:
3306:
3296:
3294:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3266:
3262:
3254:
3247:
3239:
3235:
3225:
3223:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3197:
3193:
3183:
3181:
3166:
3162:
3152:
3150:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3121:
3119:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3091:
3087:
3077:
3075:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3047:
3045:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3023:
3019:
3011:
3007:
2999:
2995:
2987:
2983:
2973:
2971:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2941:
2939:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2909:
2907:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2877:
2875:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2845:
2843:
2830:"Perth Prattle"
2828:
2827:
2823:
2813:
2811:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2789:
2785:
2775:
2773:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2743:
2741:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2711:
2709:
2691:
2667:Serle, Geoffrey
2664:
2657:
2647:
2645:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2621:
2619:
2604:
2603:
2596:
2575:. p. 112.
2569:
2562:
2552:
2550:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2526:
2524:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2500:
2498:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2476:
2472:
2464:
2460:
2452:
2448:
2440:
2436:
2428:
2424:
2416:
2412:
2404:
2400:
2392:
2388:
2380:
2376:
2368:
2364:
2356:
2352:
2344:
2340:
2332:
2325:
2315:
2313:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2286:
2272:
2268:
2258:
2256:
2239:
2235:
2225:
2223:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2169:
2165:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2119:
2104:William McInnes
2092:Terence Donovan
2073:Civilization VI
2063:
2010:Swanston Street
1911:
1899:Kim Beazley Sr.
1879:
1807:
1785:
1732:
1647:
1524:fall of Dunkirk
1476:The Earl Gowrie
1465:
1414:Daily Telegraph
1390:Prince of Wales
1368:
1336:
1322:
1253:
1193:
1102:
1100:Political views
1063:South Melbourne
1037:
958:
950:Victoria Police
934:South Australia
918:
913:
869:hung parliament
804:1916 referendum
788:labour movement
754:
720:
697:
679:
675:WWII leadership
651:
643:
609:
576:
574:
573:
572:
568:
566:
565:
510:
498:
494:
475:
474:Other political
464:Political party
445:
441:
425:
419:
417:
416:
415:
389:
377:
371:
366:
360:Kim Beazley Sr.
354:
342:
336:
331:
322:
317:
304:
292:
276:
271:
254:
242:
224:
220:
216:
208:
202:
197:
178:
166:
156:
150:
145:
126:
114:
94:
72:
67:
50:
38:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7193:
7183:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7022:
7021:
7009:
6997:
6985:
6962:
6961:
6959:
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6953:
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6943:
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6928:
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6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6767:
6765:
6761:
6760:
6758:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6696:
6694:
6690:
6689:
6686:
6685:
6683:
6682:
6677:
6671:
6669:
6665:
6664:
6662:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6645:
6643:
6636:
6632:
6631:
6629:
6628:
6623:
6621:Federal Caucus
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6592:
6590:
6586:
6585:
6583:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6541:
6539:
6536:State branches
6531:
6530:
6528:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6471:
6469:
6465:
6464:
6462:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6335:
6333:
6329:
6328:
6326:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6244:
6242:
6238:
6237:
6235:
6234:
6232:Richard Marles
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6147:Arthur Calwell
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6098:
6096:
6095:Deputy leaders
6092:
6091:
6089:
6088:
6081:
6076:
6069:
6062:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6028:
6021:
6016:
6009:
6007:Arthur Calwell
6004:
5999:
5992:
5985:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5961:
5954:
5946:
5944:
5936:
5935:
5926:
5925:
5918:
5911:
5903:
5894:
5893:
5891:
5890:
5883:
5878:
5871:
5864:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5830:
5823:
5818:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5794:
5787:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5763:
5756:
5748:
5745:
5744:
5737:
5736:
5729:
5722:
5714:
5705:
5704:
5694:
5691:
5690:
5688:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5501:
5498:
5497:
5485:
5484:
5477:
5470:
5462:
5454:
5453:
5448:
5445:
5436:
5431:
5427:
5426:
5422:
5421:
5416:
5413:
5404:
5399:
5395:
5394:
5389:
5386:
5377:
5372:
5368:
5367:
5363:
5362:
5357:
5354:
5341:
5340:
5337:William Watson
5335:
5332:
5320:
5317:William Watson
5315:
5311:
5310:
5302:
5301:
5288:
5277:
5267:
5261:
5255:
5227:
5216:
5215:External links
5213:
5212:
5211:
5205:
5192:
5173:
5159:
5146:
5124:
5117:
5098:
5092:
5075:
5074:
5070:
5069:
5063:
5050:
5036:
5023:
5009:
4996:
4990:
4977:
4971:
4959:Curtin: A Life
4950:
4949:
4944:
4941:
4938:
4937:
4907:
4881:
4855:
4825:
4799:
4781:The Daily News
4767:
4748:(2): 258β274.
4732:
4700:
4674:
4648:
4621:
4592:
4568:Family Matters
4546:
4515:
4484:
4457:
4430:
4428:, p. 258.
4426:MacArthur 1964
4418:
4411:
4393:
4356:
4325:
4318:
4296:
4265:
4235:
4214:"Elsie Curtin"
4205:
4193:
4181:
4169:
4157:
4125:
4107:The Advertiser
4093:
4081:
4069:
4055:The Daily News
4041:
4010:
3980:
3950:
3923:
3885:
3855:
3838:www.awm.gov.au
3825:
3813:
3801:
3789:
3777:
3750:
3723:
3696:
3669:
3642:
3610:
3582:
3556:
3544:
3513:(105): 63β78.
3511:Labour History
3495:
3483:
3456:Gillard, Julia
3447:
3413:
3401:
3399:, p. 131.
3389:
3377:
3362:
3331:
3319:
3304:
3272:
3260:
3245:
3233:
3222:on 20 May 2008
3203:
3191:
3160:
3129:
3097:
3085:
3055:
3029:
3017:
3005:
2993:
2981:
2949:
2917:
2885:
2853:
2821:
2795:
2783:
2751:
2719:
2689:
2655:
2629:
2611:The Daily News
2594:
2573:Labour History
2560:
2534:
2508:
2482:
2470:
2458:
2446:
2434:
2422:
2410:
2398:
2386:
2374:
2362:
2350:
2338:
2323:
2291:
2284:
2266:
2233:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2181:
2173:Robert Menzies
2163:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2101:
2089:
2077:
2062:
2059:
2014:Australia Post
1986:Curtin Springs
1910:
1907:
1878:
1875:
1828:Robert Menzies
1784:
1781:
1740:lying in state
1731:
1728:
1658:Mackenzie King
1646:
1643:
1630:Arthur Calwell
1547:Vernon Sturdee
1520:Gordon Bennett
1512:Singapore fell
1464:
1461:
1367:
1364:
1332:Main article:
1321:
1320:Prime minister
1318:
1302:Greek campaign
1300:'s disastrous
1293:Robert Menzies
1252:
1249:
1217:William Watson
1192:
1189:
1156:St Kilda Beach
1126:, which was a
1101:
1098:
1045:Norman Lindsay
1036:
1033:
957:
954:
917:
914:
912:
909:
884:British Malaya
865:1940 elections
831:, winning the
756:
755:
753:
752:
745:
738:
730:
727:
726:
719:
718:
713:
708:
696:
695:
690:
678:
677:
672:
667:
662:
642:
641:
635:
634:
622:
621:
608:
607:
606:
605:
595:
587:
586:
583:
582:
569:a series about
563:
547:
546:
543:
542:
535:
531:
530:
527:
523:
522:
516:
512:
511:
496:
490:
489:
487:
483:
482:
477:
471:
470:
465:
461:
460:
455:
451:
450:
444:(aged 60)
438:
434:
433:
424:8 January 1885
413:
411:
407:
406:
402:
401:
398:
397:
395:William Watson
392:
386:
385:
383:William Watson
380:
374:
373:
363:
362:
357:
351:
350:
348:William Watson
345:
339:
338:
328:
327:
316:Member of the
313:
312:
307:
301:
300:
295:
289:
288:
283:
279:
278:
268:
267:
261:
260:
257:
251:
250:
245:
239:
238:
233:
229:
228:
222:Robert Menzies
211:
209:Prime Minister
205:
204:
194:
193:
187:
186:
181:
175:
174:
172:Robert Menzies
169:
163:
162:
159:
157:Prime Minister
153:
152:
142:
141:
135:
134:
129:
123:
122:
117:
111:
110:
105:
99:
98:
89:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
64:
63:
56:
55:
52:
51:
48:
40:
39:
36:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7192:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
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7158:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
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7071:
7068:
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7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
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7041:
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6996:
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6892:
6889:
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6852:
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6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6768:
6766:
6762:
6756:
6753:
6751:
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6728:
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6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6697:
6695:
6691:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6675:Ferguson Left
6673:
6672:
6670:
6666:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6646:
6644:
6640:
6637:
6633:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6593:
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6587:
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6511:
6508:
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6498:
6496:
6493:
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6488:
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6483:
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6427:
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6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
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6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
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6370:
6367:
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6360:
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6347:
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6342:
6340:
6337:
6336:
6334:
6330:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
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6284:
6281:
6279:
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6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6245:
6243:
6239:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6212:Julia Gillard
6210:
6208:
6207:Jenny Macklin
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6157:Lance Barnard
6155:
6153:
6152:Gough Whitlam
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6122:James Scullin
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6112:George Pearce
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6099:
6097:
6093:
6087:
6086:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6074:
6070:
6068:
6067:
6066:Julia Gillard
6063:
6061:
6060:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6033:
6029:
6027:
6026:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6014:
6013:Gough Whitlam
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5997:
5993:
5991:
5990:
5986:
5984:
5983:
5982:James Scullin
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5966:
5962:
5960:
5959:
5958:Andrew Fisher
5955:
5953:
5952:
5948:
5947:
5945:
5943:
5937:
5933:
5924:
5919:
5917:
5912:
5910:
5905:
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5901:
5889:
5888:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
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5872:
5870:
5869:
5865:
5863:
5862:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
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5846:
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5838:
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5835:
5831:
5829:
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5824:
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5816:
5812:
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5807:
5805:
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5800:
5799:
5795:
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5788:
5786:
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5779:
5776:
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5771:
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5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5499:
5494:
5490:
5483:
5478:
5476:
5471:
5469:
5464:
5463:
5460:
5451:
5442:
5441:
5434:
5433:James Scullin
5428:
5423:
5419:
5410:
5409:
5402:
5401:Arthur Fadden
5396:
5392:
5391:Arthur Fadden
5383:
5382:
5375:
5374:James Scullin
5369:
5364:
5360:
5351:
5350:
5342:
5338:
5329:
5328:
5318:
5312:
5309:
5305:
5300:
5296:
5292:
5289:
5286:
5282:
5278:
5276:
5272:
5268:
5265:
5262:
5259:
5256:
5244:
5240:
5236:
5232:
5231:"John Curtin"
5228:
5226:
5224:
5219:
5218:
5208:
5206:0-7344-0904-4
5202:
5198:
5193:
5181:
5180:
5174:
5170:
5166:
5162:
5156:
5152:
5147:
5135:
5134:
5129:
5128:Hasluck, Paul
5125:
5122:
5119:Byrne, Liam.
5118:
5106:
5105:
5099:
5095:
5089:
5085:
5081:
5077:
5076:
5072:
5071:
5066:
5064:0-522-84734-X
5060:
5057:. Macmillan.
5056:
5051:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5033:
5029:
5024:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5006:
5002:
4997:
4993:
4991:91-30-00121-8
4987:
4983:
4978:
4974:
4972:0-207-19669-9
4968:
4964:
4963:HarperCollins
4960:
4956:
4952:
4951:
4947:
4946:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4911:
4895:
4891:
4885:
4869:
4865:
4859:
4843:
4839:
4835:
4829:
4813:
4809:
4803:
4787:
4783:
4782:
4777:
4771:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4751:
4747:
4743:
4736:
4720:
4716:
4715:
4710:
4704:
4688:
4684:
4678:
4662:
4658:
4652:
4636:
4632:
4625:
4609:
4605:
4604:
4596:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4562:
4555:
4553:
4551:
4534:
4530:
4524:
4522:
4520:
4503:
4500:. Melbourne.
4499:
4495:
4488:
4472:
4468:
4461:
4445:
4441:
4434:
4427:
4422:
4414:
4412:9781459609822
4408:
4404:
4397:
4378:
4374:
4367:
4360:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4329:
4321:
4315:
4311:
4305:
4303:
4301:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4269:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4239:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4209:
4203:, p. 59.
4202:
4197:
4191:, p. 58.
4190:
4185:
4179:, p. 45.
4178:
4173:
4167:, p. 32.
4166:
4161:
4145:
4141:
4140:
4135:
4129:
4113:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4097:
4090:
4085:
4078:
4073:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4045:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4014:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3984:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3954:
3938:
3934:
3927:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3889:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3859:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3829:
3822:
3817:
3810:
3805:
3798:
3793:
3786:
3781:
3765:
3761:
3754:
3738:
3734:
3727:
3711:
3707:
3700:
3684:
3680:
3673:
3657:
3653:
3646:
3630:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3614:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3586:
3570:
3566:
3560:
3553:
3548:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3507:
3499:
3492:
3487:
3471:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3457:
3451:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3417:
3410:
3405:
3398:
3393:
3386:
3381:
3375:, p. 18.
3374:
3369:
3367:
3350:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3335:
3328:
3323:
3316:
3311:
3309:
3292:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3276:
3269:
3264:
3257:
3252:
3250:
3242:
3237:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3207:
3200:
3195:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3164:
3148:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3133:
3117:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3101:
3094:
3089:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3043:
3039:
3038:"John Curtin"
3033:
3026:
3021:
3014:
3009:
3002:
2997:
2990:
2985:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2953:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2921:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2889:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2862:"Labor Women"
2857:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2825:
2809:
2805:
2799:
2792:
2787:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2755:
2739:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2723:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2668:
2662:
2660:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2567:
2565:
2548:
2544:
2538:
2522:
2518:
2512:
2496:
2492:
2486:
2480:, p. 72.
2479:
2474:
2467:
2462:
2455:
2450:
2444:, p. 37.
2443:
2438:
2432:, p. 33.
2431:
2426:
2420:, p. 29.
2419:
2414:
2407:
2402:
2396:, p. 31.
2395:
2390:
2384:, p. 14.
2383:
2378:
2371:
2366:
2359:
2354:
2348:, p. 16.
2347:
2342:
2336:, p. 15.
2335:
2330:
2328:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2295:
2287:
2285:9780199666423
2281:
2277:
2270:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2237:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2205:
2201:
2185:
2178:
2174:
2167:
2158:
2154:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2068:Firaxis Games
2065:
2064:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1917:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1883:Elsie Needham
1877:Personal life
1874:
1872:
1871:Gough Whitlam
1868:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1840:James Scullin
1837:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1804:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1748:1943 election
1741:
1736:
1727:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1680:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1617:
1614:
1610:
1609:the Coral Sea
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1571:
1570:Keith Murdoch
1567:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1532:bombed Darwin
1528:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1492:7th Divisions
1489:
1485:
1477:
1474:
1469:
1460:
1458:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1385:
1381:
1372:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1335:
1326:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1310:Country Party
1307:
1306:Arthur Fadden
1303:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1277:1940 election
1274:
1273:1937 election
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1229:James Scullin
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1197:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1152:Elsie Needham
1149:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1113:
1112:
1106:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1032:
1030:
1029:Mount Macedon
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
997:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
962:
953:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
908:
906:
902:
898:
897:1943 election
894:
889:
888:Pearl Harbour
885:
880:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
853:James Scullin
850:
846:
845:1931 election
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
821:
819:
815:
814:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
784:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
751:
746:
744:
739:
737:
732:
731:
729:
728:
724:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
703:
702:
701:
694:
691:
689:
686:
685:
684:
683:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
657:
656:
655:
650:
649:
648:
640:
637:
636:
632:
630:
624:
623:
619:
617:
611:
610:
604:
601:
600:
599:
596:
594:
591:
590:
589:
588:
579:
564:
561:
557:
556:
553:
552:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
519:Claude Curtin
517:
513:
493:
492:Elsie Needham
488:
484:
481:
478:
472:
469:
466:
462:
459:
456:
454:Resting place
452:
448:
439:
435:
432:
428:
412:
408:
403:
399:
396:
393:
387:
384:
381:
375:
369:
364:
361:
358:
352:
349:
346:
340:
334:
329:
326:
320:
314:
311:
308:
302:
299:
298:James Scullin
296:
290:
287:
284:
280:
274:
269:
266:
262:
259:Arthur Fadden
258:
252:
249:
248:James Scullin
246:
240:
237:
234:
230:
227:
226:Arthur Fadden
223:
219:
215:
212:
206:
200:
195:
192:
188:
185:
182:
176:
173:
170:
164:
160:
154:
148:
143:
140:
136:
133:
130:
124:
121:
120:Arthur Fadden
118:
112:
109:
106:
104:
100:
97:
93:
90:
86:
83:
80:
76:
70:
65:
62:
57:
53:
46:
41:
34:
29:
26:
22:
6735:Gang of Four
6725:Faceless men
6197:Gareth Evans
6182:Paul Keating
6177:Lionel Bowen
6132:Ted Theodore
6107:Billy Hughes
6083:
6079:Bill Shorten
6071:
6064:
6057:
6032:Paul Keating
6030:
6023:
6011:
5994:
5988:
5987:
5980:
5965:Billy Hughes
5963:
5956:
5951:Chris Watson
5949:
5885:
5873:
5866:
5859:
5832:
5825:
5813:
5796:
5790:
5789:
5782:
5765:
5758:
5751:
5589:
5438:
5406:
5379:
5344:
5322:
5247:. Retrieved
5243:the original
5234:
5222:
5196:
5184:. Retrieved
5178:
5150:
5138:. Retrieved
5132:
5120:
5109:. Retrieved
5103:
5083:
5080:Black, David
5054:
5027:
5000:
4981:
4958:
4928:. Retrieved
4919:
4910:
4898:. Retrieved
4884:
4872:. Retrieved
4858:
4846:. Retrieved
4834:Black, David
4828:
4816:. Retrieved
4802:
4790:. Retrieved
4779:
4770:
4745:
4741:
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4687:the original
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4571:
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4508:11 September
4506:. Retrieved
4497:
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4460:
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4442:. ABC News.
4433:
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4105:
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4089:Edwards 2018
4084:
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4072:
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3897:
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3867:
3858:
3846:. Retrieved
3837:
3834:"Balikpapan"
3828:
3821:Edwards 2018
3816:
3809:Edwards 2018
3804:
3797:Hasluck 1970
3792:
3785:Hasluck 1970
3780:
3768:. Retrieved
3764:the original
3753:
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3737:the original
3726:
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3699:
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3672:
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3645:
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3622:
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3594:
3585:
3573:. Retrieved
3559:
3552:Hasluck 1970
3547:
3535:. Retrieved
3510:
3498:
3486:
3474:. Retrieved
3465:The Guardian
3463:
3450:
3438:. Retrieved
3425:
3416:
3409:Edwards 2018
3404:
3397:Edwards 2018
3392:
3385:Edwards 2018
3380:
3373:Edwards 2018
3353:. Retrieved
3342:
3334:
3322:
3315:Hasluck 1970
3295:. Retrieved
3284:
3275:
3268:Wigmore 1957
3263:
3256:Hasluck 1970
3241:Hasluck 1970
3236:
3224:. Retrieved
3220:the original
3206:
3194:
3182:. Retrieved
3178:the original
3173:
3163:
3151:. Retrieved
3140:
3132:
3120:. Retrieved
3109:
3100:
3095:, p. 2.
3093:Hasluck 1970
3088:
3076:. Retrieved
3067:
3058:
3046:. Retrieved
3032:
3025:Edwards 2017
3020:
3013:Edwards 2017
3008:
3001:Edwards 2017
2996:
2989:Edwards 2017
2984:
2972:. Retrieved
2961:
2952:
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2929:
2920:
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2897:
2888:
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2865:
2856:
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2833:
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2798:
2791:Edwards 2017
2786:
2774:. Retrieved
2763:
2754:
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2731:
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2674:
2646:. Retrieved
2632:
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2609:
2572:
2551:. Retrieved
2537:
2525:. Retrieved
2511:
2499:. Retrieved
2485:
2473:
2461:
2449:
2437:
2425:
2413:
2401:
2389:
2377:
2372:, p. 4.
2365:
2360:, p. 3.
2353:
2341:
2314:. Retrieved
2303:
2294:
2275:
2269:
2257:. Retrieved
2246:
2236:
2224:. Retrieved
2213:
2204:
2184:
2166:
2157:
2107:
2095:
2083:
2071:
2049:
2033:Geoff Gallop
2006:Curtin House
1955:
1944:
1924:
1920:
1912:
1895:
1880:
1856:
1832:Billy Hughes
1825:
1821:
1805:
1801:
1795:'s grave at
1793:Elsie Curtin
1761:
1745:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1687:
1683:
1675:
1648:
1639:
1633:
1618:
1606:
1600:Curtin with
1590:
1575:
1555:
1529:
1516:8th Division
1481:
1445:
1437:
1420:
1412:
1410:
1396:
1389:
1377:
1348:Arthur Coles
1337:
1289:Nazi Germany
1286:
1257:the election
1254:
1202:
1170:
1164:
1137:
1117:
1109:
1067:
1052:
1040:
1038:
998:
967:
919:
881:
855:, defeating
822:
811:
785:
773:World War II
760:
759:
699:
698:
681:
680:
653:
652:
645:
644:
626:
613:
575:
476:affiliations
442:(1945-07-05)
390:Succeeded by
367:
355:Succeeded by
332:
305:Succeeded by
272:
255:Succeeded by
214:Joseph Lyons
198:
184:Jack Beasley
179:Succeeded by
146:
127:Succeeded by
68:
25:
7040:1945 deaths
7035:1885 births
6649:Labor Right
6241:Governments
6202:Simon Crean
6192:Kim Beazley
6167:Frank Crean
6142:H. V. Evatt
6137:Frank Forde
6053:Kim Beazley
6048:Mark Latham
6043:Simon Crean
6038:Kim Beazley
6019:Bill Hayden
6002:H. V. Evatt
5996:Ben Chifley
5989:John Curtin
5971:Frank Tudor
5450:Ben Chifley
5418:Frank Forde
5273:in 1941 on
5221:David Day,
5073:Other works
5055:John Curtin
4948:Biographies
4920:SegmentNext
4818:28 November
4667:28 November
4539:28 November
4386:20 November
4349:21 November
4258:15 November
4228:16 November
4034:15 November
4003:15 November
3973:15 November
3916:15 November
3878:15 November
3848:15 November
2226:30 December
2020:, a bronze
1951:Kim Beazley
1863:Ben Chifley
1859:Frank Forde
1757:Broken Hill
1666:Peace Tower
1634:Defence Act
1380:Pacific War
1359:Lord Gowrie
1261:Frank Forde
1080:played for
1041:The Rambler
930:County Cork
901:Ben Chifley
857:Frank Forde
761:John Curtin
631:(1934β1945)
627:Member for
618:(1928β1931)
614:Member for
577:John Curtin
449:, Australia
440:5 July 1945
378:Preceded by
343:Preceded by
310:Ben Chifley
293:Preceded by
286:Frank Forde
243:Preceded by
236:Frank Forde
167:Preceded by
132:Frank Forde
115:Preceded by
108:Frank Forde
92:Lord Gowrie
37:John Curtin
7029:Categories
6951:2013 (Oct)
6946:2013 (Jun)
6941:2013 (Mar)
6916:2003 (Dec)
6911:2003 (Jun)
6896:1991 (Dec)
6891:1991 (Jun)
6876:1977 (Dec)
6871:1977 (May)
6715:1955 split
6710:1931 split
6705:1916 split
6680:Lang Labor
6668:Historical
6654:Labor Left
6560:Queensland
6332:Ministries
6217:Wayne Swan
6187:Brian Howe
6162:Jim Cairns
6073:Kevin Rudd
6059:Kevin Rudd
5444:1935β1945
5412:1941β1945
5385:1935β1941
5353:1934β1945
5331:1928β1931
5046:1043833675
5019:1081065848
5003:. Viking.
4955:Day, David
4693:11 January
4606:. Nelson.
4134:"Untitled"
3868:Daily News
1972:in Perth,
1964:suburb of
1846:on a RAAF
1836:Earle Page
1205:Parliament
970:strabismus
682:Ministries
593:Early life
420:1885-01-08
218:Earle Page
7019:Socialism
6995:Biography
6983:Australia
6444:Gillard 1
6429:Keating 1
6394:Whitlam 1
6384:Chifley 1
6025:Bob Hawke
5349:Fremantle
5327:Fremantle
5169:220661276
4792:21 August
4762:151922305
4641:21 August
4614:21 August
4585:20 August
4477:21 August
4289:21 August
4201:Ross 1977
4189:Ross 1977
4177:Ross 1977
4165:Ross 1977
4062:21 August
3906:0362-4331
3770:20 August
3743:20 August
3716:20 August
3689:20 August
3662:20 August
3603:20 August
3575:20 August
3527:0023-6942
3184:20 August
3078:20 August
2942:20 August
2910:20 August
2878:20 August
2699:1833-7538
2622:19 August
2316:17 August
2196:Citations
1978:Fremantle
1947:Bob Hawke
1903:Fremantle
1887:Fred Katz
1873:in 1975.
1791:John and
1395:HMS
1388:HMS
1239:with the
1213:Fremantle
1177:Cottesloe
1144:Balaclava
994:Brunswick
986:Melbourne
974:David Day
792:Melbourne
700:Elections
629:Fremantle
616:Fremantle
534:Signature
515:Relations
368:In office
333:In office
325:Fremantle
273:In office
199:In office
147:In office
82:George VI
69:In office
59:14th
6635:Factions
6575:Victoria
6570:Tasmania
6525:Albanese
6459:Albanese
6369:Curtin 1
6344:Fisher 1
6323:Albanese
6253:Fisher I
6172:Tom Uren
5887:Albanese
5778:Charlton
5701:Category
5685:Albanese
5680:Morrison
5675:Turnbull
5186:25 March
5140:24 March
5130:(1970).
5111:24 March
5082:(1995).
4957:(1999).
4924:Archived
4900:24 March
4894:Archived
4874:16 March
4868:Archived
4848:16 March
4842:Archived
4812:Archived
4786:Archived
4725:24 March
4719:Archived
4661:Archived
4635:Archived
4608:Archived
4576:Archived
4533:Archived
4502:Archived
4471:Archived
4450:16 April
4444:Archived
4377:Archived
4283:Archived
4252:Archived
4150:25 March
4144:Archived
4118:25 March
4112:Archived
4028:Archived
3997:Archived
3967:Archived
3943:16 April
3937:Archived
3910:Archived
3872:Archived
3842:Archived
3635:24 March
3629:Archived
3569:Archived
3537:24 March
3531:Archived
3491:Day 1999
3470:Archived
3434:Archived
3355:24 March
3349:Archived
3327:Day 1999
3297:24 March
3291:Archived
3199:Day 1999
3153:24 March
3147:Archived
3122:24 March
3116:Archived
3072:Archived
3048:25 March
3042:Archived
2974:23 March
2968:Archived
2936:Archived
2904:Archived
2872:Archived
2846:23 March
2840:Archived
2814:23 March
2808:Archived
2776:23 March
2770:Archived
2744:23 March
2738:Archived
2712:17 March
2707:70677943
2648:16 March
2642:Archived
2616:Archived
2589:27508339
2547:Archived
2521:Archived
2495:Archived
2478:Day 1999
2466:Day 1999
2454:Day 1999
2442:Day 1999
2430:Day 1999
2418:Day 1999
2406:Day 1999
2394:Day 1999
2382:Day 1999
2370:Day 1999
2358:Day 1999
2346:Day 1999
2334:Day 1999
2310:Archived
2259:4 August
2253:Archived
2220:Archived
2117:See also
1962:Canberra
1938:and the
1527:world."
1452:dominion
1122:and the
1049:copy boy
1017:Charlton
982:syphilis
942:Victoria
938:Adelaide
926:Victoria
922:Creswick
526:Children
521:(nephew)
447:Canberra
427:Creswick
6969:Portals
6693:History
6642:Current
6520:Shorten
6409:Hawke 1
6364:Scullin
6318:Rudd II
6313:Gillard
6303:Keating
6293:Whitlam
6288:Chifley
6273:Scullin
5941:Leaders
5881:Shorten
5868:Gillard
5855:Beazley
5840:Beazley
5834:Keating
5815:Whitlam
5809:Calwell
5798:Chifley
5784:Scullin
5660:Gillard
5645:Keating
5630:Whitlam
5625:McMahon
5605:Menzies
5600:Chifley
5580:Menzies
5565:Scullin
5297:of the
5293:in the
5249:29 June
4930:2 April
4714:The Age
4498:The Age
4279:The Age
4024:The Age
3440:29 June
2765:The Age
2733:The Age
2215:The Age
2112:(2007).
2100:(1986).
2088:(1984).
2018:V-P Day
1988:in the
1867:in 1946
1806:At 4:00
1582:General
1562:Rangoon
1556:In the
1508:Sumatra
1498:in the
1484:I Corps
1397:Repulse
1146:in the
1128:Marxist
1094:batsman
1084:in the
1082:Fitzroy
1054:The Age
1021:Dromana
1013:Macedon
1009:Fitzroy
905:in 1946
849:elected
827:at the
509:
497:
161:Himself
78:Monarch
6505:Latham
6485:Hayden
6454:Rudd 2
6439:Rudd 1
6359:Hughes
6339:Watson
6308:Rudd I
6278:Curtin
6268:Hughes
6248:Watson
5850:Latham
5821:Hayden
5791:Curtin
5767:Hughes
5760:Fisher
5753:Watson
5670:Abbott
5650:Howard
5635:Fraser
5620:Gorton
5615:McEwen
5590:Curtin
5585:Fadden
5555:Hughes
5550:Fisher
5540:Fisher
5535:Deakin
5530:Fisher
5525:Deakin
5515:Watson
5510:Deakin
5505:Barton
5203:
5167:
5157:
5090:
5061:
5044:
5034:
5017:
5007:
4988:
4969:
4760:
4409:
4316:
3904:
3525:
3476:5 July
2705:
2697:
2687:
2587:
2553:26 May
2527:26 May
2501:26 May
2282:
2109:Curtin
2070:title
2022:statue
1980:, the
1966:Curtin
1960:, the
1909:Legacy
1848:Dakota
1808:
1769:trusts
1670:Ottawa
1660:, the
1613:Midway
1551:Ceylon
1434:, 1947
1078:Claude
1027:, and
1025:Drouin
903:, who
693:Second
503:
486:Spouse
282:Deputy
232:Deputy
103:Deputy
6500:Crean
6490:Hawke
6379:Forde
6298:Hawke
6283:Forde
5845:Crean
5827:Hawke
5804:Evatt
5773:Tudor
5640:Hawke
5595:Forde
5570:Lyons
5560:Bruce
4758:S2CID
4579:(PDF)
4564:(PDF)
4380:(PDF)
4369:(PDF)
3226:6 May
2585:JSTOR
1998:Derby
1996:near
1844:Perth
1783:Death
1566:Akyab
1133:Lenin
1111:Truth
808:Perth
688:First
507:)
499:(
495:
468:Labor
6956:2019
6936:2012
6931:2010
6926:2006
6921:2005
6906:2001
6901:1996
6886:1983
6881:1982
6866:1976
6861:1968
6856:1967
6851:1966
6846:1960
6841:1959
6836:1956
6831:1954
6826:1951
6821:1945
6816:1935
6811:1931
6806:1928
6801:1922
6796:1920
6791:1916
6786:1915
6781:1913
6776:1907
6771:1901
6515:Rudd
5875:Rudd
5861:Rudd
5665:Rudd
5655:Rudd
5610:Holt
5575:Page
5545:Cook
5520:Reid
5493:list
5347:for
5325:for
5251:2010
5201:ISBN
5188:2019
5165:OCLC
5155:ISBN
5142:2019
5113:2018
5088:ISBN
5059:ISBN
5042:OCLC
5032:ISBN
5015:OCLC
5005:ISBN
4986:ISBN
4967:ISBN
4932:2019
4902:2019
4876:2019
4850:2019
4820:2013
4794:2014
4727:2019
4695:2018
4669:2013
4643:2014
4616:2014
4587:2014
4541:2013
4510:2010
4479:2014
4452:2010
4407:ISBN
4388:2022
4351:2022
4314:ISBN
4291:2014
4260:2022
4230:2019
4152:2019
4120:2019
4064:2014
4036:2022
4005:2022
3975:2022
3945:2010
3918:2022
3902:ISSN
3880:2022
3850:2022
3772:2014
3745:2014
3718:2014
3691:2014
3664:2014
3637:2019
3605:2014
3577:2014
3539:2019
3523:ISSN
3478:2017
3442:2010
3357:2019
3299:2019
3228:2008
3186:2014
3155:2019
3124:2019
3080:2014
3050:2019
2976:2019
2944:2014
2912:2014
2880:2014
2848:2019
2816:2019
2778:2019
2746:2019
2714:2019
2703:OCLC
2695:ISSN
2685:ISBN
2650:2019
2624:2014
2555:2018
2529:2018
2503:2018
2318:2011
2280:ISBN
2261:2021
2228:2017
1949:and
1838:and
1628:and
1620:the
1611:and
1506:and
1504:Java
1490:and
1471:The
1393:and
1350:and
1267:and
1245:1934
1233:1931
1221:1928
1209:1925
980:and
886:and
863:and
861:1937
716:1943
711:1940
706:1937
505:1917
437:Died
410:Born
323:for
6263:III
5299:ZBW
5283:'s
4750:doi
3515:doi
2577:doi
2053:in
2008:in
1976:in
1668:in
1488:6th
1154:on
1051:at
790:in
7031::
6258:II
5237:.
5233:.
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5040:.
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4965:.
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4778:.
4756:.
4746:13
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4572:80
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
