Martin Bormann - Knowledge

1052: 33: 1265: 965: 909:(Nazi Party Auxiliary Fund), a benefits and relief fund directly administered by the party. Each party member was required to pay premiums and might receive compensation for injuries sustained while conducting party business. Payments out of the fund were made solely at Bormann's discretion. He began to gain a reputation as a financial expert, and many party members felt personally indebted to him after receiving benefits from the fund. In addition to its stated purpose, the fund was used as a last-resort source of funding for the Nazi Party, which was chronically short of money at that time. After the Nazi Party's success in the 984:, Hitler drew up plans for expansion and remodelling of the main house and put Bormann in charge of construction. Bormann commissioned the construction of barracks for the SS guards, roads and footpaths, garages for motor vehicles, a guesthouse, accommodation for staff, and other amenities. Retaining title in his own name, Bormann bought up adjacent farms until the entire complex covered 10 square kilometres (3.9 sq mi). Members of the inner circle built houses within the perimeter, beginning with 463: 1670:

second skeleton was deemed to be Stumpfegger's, since it was of similar height to his last known proportions. Composite photographs, in which images of the skulls were overlaid on photographs of the men's faces, were completely congruent. Facial reconstruction was undertaken in early 1973 on both skulls to confirm the identities of the bodies. Soon afterward, the West German government declared Bormann dead. Bormann's family was not permitted to

949:, on 1 July 1933. Bormann also served as personal secretary to Hess from July 1933 until 12 May 1941. Hess's department was responsible for settling disputes within the party and acted as an intermediary between the party and the state regarding policy decisions and legislation. Bormann used his position to create an extensive bureaucracy and involve himself in as much of the decision-making as possible. On 10 October 1933 Hitler named Bormann 1197:

dismissed, and that any party member who was considering entering the clergy had to give up his party membership. While Bormann's push to force the closure of theological departments at Reich universities was unsuccessful, he was able to reduce the amount of religious instruction provided in public schools to two hours per week and mandated the removal of crucifixes from classrooms. Speer notes in his memoirs that while drafting plans for

1575:, where Axmann decided to leave the others and go in the opposite direction. When he encountered a Red Army patrol, Axmann doubled back. He saw two bodies, which he later identified as Bormann and Stumpfegger, on a bridge near the railway shunting yard. He did not have time to check thoroughly, so he did not know how they died. Since the Soviets never admitted to finding Bormann's body, his fate remained in doubt for many years. 1152:(Committee of Three), met eleven times between January and August 1943. However, they ran up against resistance from Hitler's cabinet ministers, who headed deeply entrenched spheres of influence and were excluded from the committee. Seeing it as a threat to their power, Goebbels, Göring, and Speer worked together to bring it down. The result was that nothing changed, and the Committee of Three declined into irrelevance. 1496: 1012:, which collected money from German industrialists on Hitler's behalf. Some of the funds received through this programme were disbursed to various party leaders, but Bormann retained most of it for Hitler's personal use. Bormann and others took notes of Hitler's thoughts expressed over dinner and in monologues late into the night and preserved them. The material was published after the war as 905:(region). He moved to Munich in October 1928, where he worked in the SA insurance office. Initially the Nazi Party provided coverage through insurance companies for members who were hurt or killed in the frequent violent skirmishes with members of other political parties. As insurance companies were unwilling to pay out claims for such activities, in 1930 Bormann set up the 1613:

making. Bormann was convicted of war crimes and crimes against humanity and acquitted of conspiracy to wage a war of aggression. On 15 October 1946, he was sentenced to death by hanging, with the provision that if he were later found alive, any new facts brought to light by that time could be taken into consideration to reduce or overturn the sentence.

1362:(people's militia), which drafted all remaining able-bodied men aged 16 to 60 into a last-ditch militia founded on 18 October 1944. Poorly equipped and trained, the men were sent to fight on the eastern front, where nearly 175,000 of them were killed without having any discernible impact on the Soviet advance. 1060:

communicated with them verbally or had them conveyed through Bormann. Falling out of favour with Bormann meant that access to Hitler was cut off. Bormann proved to be a master of intricate political infighting. Along with his ability to control access to Hitler, this enabled him to curtail the power of

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operations against French industries. Schlageter was arrested and was executed on 26 May 1923. On the night of 31 May, Höss, Bormann and several others took Kadow into a meadow out of town, where he was beaten and had his throat cut. After one of the perpetrators confessed, police dug up the body and

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Excavations on 20–21 July 1965 at the site specified by Axmann and Krumnow failed to locate the bodies. However, on 7 December 1972, construction workers uncovered human remains near Lehrter station in West Berlin, only 12 m (39 ft) from the spot where Krumnow claimed to have buried them.

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scheduled to take place later that year. He flew solo to Britain on 10 May 1941 to seek peace negotiations with the British government. He was arrested on arrival and spent the rest of the war as a British prisoner, eventually receiving a life sentence – for crimes against peace (planning and

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was signed in 1933, purporting to guarantee religious freedom for Catholics, many Nazis believed that Christianity was fundamentally incompatible with Nazism. Bormann, who was strongly anti-Christian, agreed; he stated publicly in 1941 that "National Socialism and Christianity are irreconcilable."

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identified one skeleton as Bormann's, and damage to the collarbone was consistent with injuries that Bormann's sons reported he had sustained in a riding accident in 1939. Forensic examiners determined that the size of the skeleton and shape of the skull were identical to Bormann's. Likewise, the

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legislation put forward by the regime. Bergold unsuccessfully proposed that the court could not convict Bormann because he was already dead. Due to the shadowy nature of Bormann's activities, Bergold was unable to refute the prosecution's assertions as to the extent of his involvement in decision

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During the chaotic days after the war, contradictory reports arose as to Bormann's whereabouts. Sightings were reported in Argentina, Spain, and elsewhere. Bormann's wife was placed under surveillance in case he tried to contact her. Jakob Glas, Bormann's long-time chauffeur, insisted that he saw

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in 1946. Speer later said Hitler described Hess's departure as one of the worst blows of his life, as he considered it a personal betrayal. Hitler ordered Hess to be shot should he return to Germany and abolished the post of Deputy Führer on 12 May 1941, assigning Hess's former duties to Bormann,

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While Hitler was in residence at the Berghof, Bormann was constantly in attendance and acted as Hitler's personal secretary. In this capacity, he began to control the flow of information and access to Hitler. During this period, Hitler gave Bormann control of his personal finances. In addition to

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uniform and the other was clad only in his underwear. On the second body, Krumnow's colleague, a man named Wagenpfohl, found an SS doctor's paybook identifying him as Ludwig Stumpfegger. Wagenpfohl gave the paybook to his boss, postal chief Berndt, who turned it over to the Soviets. They in turn

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and Hitler shot himself. Pursuant to Hitler's instructions, their bodies were carried up to the Reich Chancellery garden and burned. In accordance with Hitler's last wishes, Bormann was named as Party Minister, thus officially confirming that he held the top position in the Party. Grand Admiral

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Bormann gained acceptance into Hitler's inner circle and accompanied him everywhere, providing briefings and summaries of events and requests. He was appointed as Hitler's personal secretary on 12 April 1943. After Hess's solo flight to Britain on 10 May 1941 to seek peace negotiations with the

1739:; Investigation and Settlement Committee), which was responsible for settling disputes within the party. Hitler was a frequent visitor to the Buch house, and it was here that Bormann met him. Hess and Hitler served as witnesses at his wedding. Bormann also had a series of mistresses, including 1227:, the strongest protest against a Nazi policy up until that point. Bormann and others called for Galen to be hanged, but Hitler and Goebbels concluded that Galen's death would only be viewed as a martyrdom and lead to further unrest. Hitler decided to deal with the issue when the war was over. 1133:

Bormann's power and effective reach broadened considerably during the war. By early 1943, the war produced a labour crisis for the regime. Hitler created a three-man committee with representatives of the State, the army, and the Party in an attempt to centralise control of the war economy. The

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progressed, Hitler's attention became focused on foreign affairs and the conduct of the war to the exclusion of all else. Hess, not directly engaged in either of these endeavours, became increasingly sidelined from the affairs of the nation and from Hitler's attention; Bormann had successfully

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God is present, but as a world-force which presides over the laws of life which the Nazis alone have understood. This non-Christian theism, tied to Nordic blood, was current in Germany long before Bormann wrote down his own thoughts on the matter. It must now be restored, and the catastrophic

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Bormann was one of the leading proponents of the ongoing persecution of the Christian churches. In February 1937, he decreed that members of the clergy should not be admitted to the Nazi Party. The following year he ruled that any members of the clergy who were holding party offices should be

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Hitler intentionally played top party members against one another and the Nazi Party against the civil service. In this way, he fostered distrust, competition, and infighting among his subordinates to consolidate and maximise his own power. He typically did not give written orders; instead he

1508: 1500: 1499: 1501: 631:, and a war criminal. Bormann gained immense power by using his position as Hitler's private secretary to control the flow of information and access to Hitler. He used his position to create an extensive bureaucracy and involve himself as much as possible in the decision making. 1319:

for the Polish and Jewish inhabitants of these areas. The "Edict on Criminal Law Practices against Poles and Jews in the Incorporated Eastern Territories", promulgated 4 December 1941, permitted corporal punishment and death sentences for even the most trivial of offences.

1148:(Armed Forces High Command; OKW), and Bormann, who controlled the Party. The committee was intended to independently propose measures regardless of the wishes of various ministries, with Hitler reserving most final decisions to himself. The committee, soon known as the 1507: 1509: 1506: 1505: 1510: 1504: 1503: 1502: 1347:, Ukraine, Bormann was concerned about the health and good physical constitution of the population, as he was concerned that they could constitute a danger to the regime. After discussion with Hitler, he issued a policy directive to Rosenberg that read in part: 1571:. The tank was hit by an anti-tank round and Bormann and Stumpfegger were knocked to the ground. Bormann, Stumpfegger, and several others eventually crossed the river on their third attempt. Bormann, Stumpfegger, and Axmann walked along the railway tracks to 1238:

mistakes of the past centuries, which had put the power of the state into the hands of the Church, must be avoided. The Gauleiters are advised to conquer the influence of the Christian Churches by keeping them divided, encouraging particularism among them...

1498: 941:(Nazi Party seizure of power) in January 1933, the relief fund was repurposed to provide general accident and property insurance, so Bormann resigned from its administration. He applied for a transfer and was accepted as chief of staff in the office of 1182:

comments that out of political expediency, Hitler intended to postpone the elimination of the Christian churches until after the war, but his repeated hostile statements against the church indicated to his subordinates that a continuation of the

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programme under which the mentally ill, physically deformed, and incurably sick were to be killed. In a series of sermons that received international attention, he criticised the programme as illegal and immoral. His sermons led to a widespread

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destroyed it. Wagenpfohl wrote to Stumpfegger's wife on 14 August 1945, informing her that her husband's body was "interred with the bodies of several other dead soldiers in the grounds of the Alpendorf in Berlin NW 40, Invalidenstrasse 63."

899:. After joining the Nazi Party in 1927, Bormann began duties as regional press officer, but his lack of public-speaking skills made him ill-suited to this position. He soon put his organisational skills to use as business manager for the 1633:(~€248,000 or ~US$ 270,000 in 2023 terms) for information leading to Bormann's capture. Sightings were reported all over the world, including Australia, Denmark, Italy, and South America. In his autobiography, Nazi intelligence officer 1021:

The office of the Deputy Führer had final approval over civil service appointments, and Bormann reviewed the personnel files and made the decisions regarding appointments. This power impinged on the purview of Minister of the Interior

1076:, Speer, and other high-ranking officials, many of whom became his enemies. This ruthless and continuous infighting for power, influence, and Hitler's favour came to characterise the inner workings of the Third Reich. 1257:, Hitler came to rely more and more on Bormann to handle the domestic policies of the country. On 12 April 1943, Hitler officially appointed Bormann as Personal Secretary to the Führer. By this time Bormann had 1647:

In 1963, a retired postal worker named Albert Krumnow told police that around 8 May 1945, the Soviets had ordered him and his colleagues to bury two bodies found near a railway bridge near Lehrter station (now

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The Slavs are to work for us. In so far as we don't need them, they may die. The fertility of the Slavs is undesirable. As to food, they are to not get more than necessary. We are the masters; we come first.

760:. He had two half-siblings (Else and Walter Bormann) from his father's earlier marriage to Louise Grobler, who died in 1898. Antonie Bormann gave birth to three sons, one of whom died in infancy. Martin and 6979: 998:(Eagle's Nest), a tea house high above the Berghof, as a gift to Hitler on his fiftieth birthday (20 April 1939). Hitler seldom used the building, but Bormann liked to impress guests by taking them there. 1608:. His prosecution was assigned to Lieutenant Thomas F. Lambert Jr. and his defence to Friedrich Bergold. The prosecution stated that Bormann participated in planning and co-signed virtually all of the 1497: 1315:

as inferior, Bormann opposed the introduction of German criminal law into the conquered eastern territories. He lobbied for and eventually achieved a strict separate penal code that implemented

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the body, in case further forensic examination later proved necessary. The family refused burial and refused to take possession of the remains. The bones were placed in a vault at the

6609: 5927: 4655: 1801:, Italy. Bormann's nine remaining children survived the war and were cared for in foster homes. The eldest son Martin was ordained a Roman Catholic priest and worked in Africa as a 1465: 5997: 1369:

of supposed remarks made by Hitler to Bormann; the authenticity as well as the degree of editing applied by Bormann to Hitler's original remarks are disputed among historians.

924:. The organisation was responsible for co-ordinating the donated use of motor vehicles belonging to party members, and later expanded to training members in automotive skills. 1026:, and was an example of the overlapping responsibilities typical of the Nazi regime. Bormann travelled everywhere with Hitler, including trips to Austria in 1938 after the 961:

deputy. By June 1934, Bormann was gaining acceptance into Hitler's inner circle and accompanied him everywhere, providing briefings and summaries of events and requests.

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Bormann's studies at an agricultural trade high school were interrupted when he joined the 55th Field Artillery Regiment as a gunner in June 1918, in the final months of

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supplanted Hess in many of his duties and usurped his position at Hitler's side. Hess was concerned that Germany would face a war on two fronts as plans progressed for

771:. He never saw action, but served garrison duty until February 1919. After working a short time in a cattle feed mill, Bormann became estate manager of a large farm in 5975: 1888: 681:

control over all domestic matters. Bormann was one of the leading proponents of the ongoing persecution of the Christian churches and favoured harsh treatment of

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started to encircle the city. On 20 April, his 56th birthday, Hitler made his last trip above ground. In the ruined garden of the Reich Chancellery, he awarded

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estimates that 5.5 to 6 million Jews, representing two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe, were exterminated by the Nazi regime in the course of

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Rudolf Gerhard Bormann (born 31 August 1934); named after his godfather Rudolf Hess. His name was changed to "Helmut" after Hess's flight to Scotland.

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Bormann also worked on the staff of the SA from 1928 to 1930, and while there he founded the National Socialist Automobile Corps, precursor to the

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At the subsequent autopsies, fragments of glass were found in the jaws of both skeletons, suggesting that the men had committed suicide by biting

710:. His body was buried nearby on 8 May 1945, but was not found and confirmed as Bormann's until 1973; the identification was reaffirmed in 1998 by 6959: 6954: 6949: 5117: 1430:. In the will, Hitler described Bormann as "my most faithful Party comrade" and named him executor of the estate. That same night Hitler married 5983: 4774: 1009: 756:, Bormann was the son of Theodor Bormann (1862–1903), a post office employee, and his second wife, Antonie Bernhardine Mennong. The family was 316: 6969: 4687: 1292:

could no longer be solved by emigration, but only by the use of "ruthless force in the special camps of the East", that is, extermination in

1111: 706:, Bormann and others attempted to flee Berlin on 2 May to avoid capture by the Soviets. Bormann probably committed suicide on a bridge near 6894: 1717: 6994: 6989: 783:

meant that money was worthless, foodstuffs stored on farms and estates became ever more valuable. Many estates, including Bormann's, had

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The trial got under way on 20 November 1945. Lacking evidence confirming Bormann's death, the International Military Tribunal tried him

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Ilse Bormann (9 July 1931 – 1958); Her twin sister, Ehrengard, died shortly after birth. Since Ilse was named after her godmother,

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believed that Bormann was living in South America. The West German government declared that its hunt for Bormann was over in 1971.

6830:. Remains discovered in Berlin in 1972 and conclusively identified in 1998; confirmed to have committed suicide on 2 May 1945 640:

organisation in 1922 while working as manager of a large estate. He served nearly a year in prison as an accomplice to his friend

6909: 6904: 1427: 1224: 4549: 849:. Bormann returned to his job at Mecklenburg and remained there until May 1926, when he moved in with his mother in Oberweimar. 7009: 4951: 1694: 1106:). In this position he was responsible for all Nazi Party appointments, and was answerable only to Hitler. By a Führer decree ( 980:. In the early 1930s, Hitler bought the property, which he had been renting since 1925 as a vacation retreat. After he became 4527: 4508: 4467: 4429: 4410: 4386: 4362: 4338: 4319:

Hitlers Kriegsreligion. Die Verankerung der Weltanschauung Hitlers in seiner religiösen Begrifflichkeit und seinem Gottesbild

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control over all domestic matters, and this new appointment gave him the power to act in an official capacity in any matter.

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to the annexed territories of the East. Thereafter, he signed the decree of 9 October 1942 prescribing that the permanent

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government, attempted to locate Bormann without success. In 1964, the West German government offered a reward of 100,000

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left the bunker complex and flew to the Obersalzberg. He and several others had been ordered by Hitler to leave Berlin.

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were placed in newspapers and on the radio in October and November 1945 to notify him of the proceedings against him.

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salaries as chancellor and president, Hitler's income included money raised through royalties collected on his book

6899: 6884: 1832: 1080: 47: 7004: 658:(SS) in 1937. He initially worked in the party's insurance service, and transferred in July 1933 to the office of 462: 6939: 5964: 5583: 5578: 5568: 5563: 5467: 5413: 6524: 4940: 4628: 1484: 1423: 921: 913:, where they won 107 seats, party membership grew dramatically. By 1932 the fund was collecting 3 million 1280:, the conquered eastern peoples, and prisoners of war. He signed the decree of 31 May 1941 extending the 1935 6964: 6177: 1859: 1211: 677:). He had final approval over civil service appointments, reviewed and approved legislation, and by 1943 had 1587:

Bormann in Munich in July 1946. In case Bormann was still alive, multiple public notices about the upcoming

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On 17 March 1924 Bormann was sentenced to a year in Elisabethstrasse Prison as an accomplice to his friend

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After being released to his family, Bormann's remains were cremated and his ashes were scattered over the

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Bormann was invariably the advocate of extremely harsh, radical measures when it came to the treatment of

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preparing a war of aggression), and conspiracy with other German leaders to commit crimes – at the

957: 5497: 5184: 5137: 4745: 4722: 1332: 1164: 1144: 1120: 6461: 4644: 955:(national leader – the second highest political rank) of the Nazi Party, and in November he was named 6914: 6339: 964: 901: 764:(1902–89) survived to adulthood. Theodor died when Bormann was three, and his mother soon remarried. 1383:("Leader's bunker") in Berlin on 16 January 1945, where he (along with Bormann, Bormann's secretary 1253:

Preoccupied with military matters and spending most of his time at his military headquarters on the

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absolute powers over Jews, who now came under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Gestapo. Historian

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Bormann was in charge of organisation and Himmler looked after providing training and equipment.

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The remains were conclusively identified as Bormann's in 1998 when German authorities ordered

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Hitler later removed the restriction on crucifixes because it was damaging people's morale.

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As Soviet forces continued to fight their way into the centre of Berlin, Hitler and Braun

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In 1927, Bormann joined the Nazi Party. His membership number was 60,508. He joined the

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British government, Bormann assumed Hess's former duties, with the title of Head of the

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laid charges in July. Bormann was released from prison in February 1925. He joined the

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Heinrich Hugo Bormann (born 13 June 1936); named after his godfather Heinrich Himmler.

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Gerda Bormann and the children fled Obersalzberg for Italy on 25 April 1945 after an

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capsules to avoid capture. Dental records reconstructed from memory in 1945 by

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Bormann in 1934. A scar on his forehead has been edited out of this photograph.

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units stationed on site to guard the crops from pillaging. Bormann joined the

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Committed suicide on 15 October 1946 before sentence could be carried out

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Nazi Culture: Intellectual, Cultural and Social Life in the Third Reich

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claimed that Bormann had been a Soviet spy and had escaped to Moscow.

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later that year. Bormann was placed in charge of organising the 1938

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People convicted by the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg

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from one of his relatives identified the skull as that of Bormann.

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called for conditional toleration of Christian denominations and a

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World War II: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection

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Over the following decades, several organisations, including the

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In 1935, Bormann was appointed as overseer of renovations at the

927: 373: 3135: 3133: 3067: 992:, and Bormann himself. Bormann commissioned the building of the 863:(SS) on 1 January 1937 with number 278,267. By special order of 6553: 5502: 3021: 3019: 1798: 1736: 1008:

and the use of his image on postage stamps. Bormann set up the

775:. Shortly after starting work at the estate, Bormann joined an 3538: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3425: 5391: 4107:

The Secretary. Martin Bormann: The Man Who Manipulated Hitler

4015:

The Last Days of Hitler: The Legends, the Evidence, the Truth

3956:

The Face of the Third Reich: Portraits of the Nazi Leadership

3363: 3285: 3239: 3237: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3130: 2970: 2968: 2766: 1312: 686: 6617: 3407:"German Inflation Rate Calculator to calculate Price Change" 3387: 3324: 3273: 3249: 3016: 1941:

The Bormann family also had a house in the Munich suburb of

4402:

The Holy Reich: Nazi Conceptions of Christianity, 1919–1945

4152:(Revised 2002 ed.). London: Constable & Robinson. 3748: 3746: 3521: 3497: 3437: 3353: 3351: 3314: 3312: 3145: 1296:. A further decree, signed by Bormann on 1 July 1943, gave 1277: 1110:) on 29 May, Bormann also succeeded Hess on the six-member 682: 4438: 3725: 3695: 3673: 3671: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3234: 3181: 2980: 2965: 2730: 2706: 2195: 1678:

in Karlsruhe, which was at the time being shared with the

1395:

garden in the government district of the city centre. The

1214:, publicly protested against this persecution and against 1189:(church struggle) would be tolerated and even encouraged. 867:

in 1938, Bormann was granted SS number 555 to reflect his

4501:

SS Elite: The Senior Leaders of Hitler's Praetorian Guard

4302: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3031: 2953: 2696: 2694: 2681: 2679: 2616: 2135: 1698: 1622: 3797: 3785: 3743: 3509: 3348: 3336: 3309: 3297: 3222: 2941: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2886: 2508: 2460: 2400: 2339: 2337: 2060: 2026: 2024: 1932:

In practice, this requirement was usually circumvented.

3993: 3763: 3761: 3668: 3569: 3567: 3565: 3550: 3485: 3461: 3413: 3121: 2992: 2929: 2802: 2790: 2436: 2412: 1997: 1727:(23 October 1909 – 23 March 1946), whose father, Major 1475:

The Battle in Berlin ended when General der Artillerie

689:

in the areas conquered by Germany during World War II.

4546:

by the Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team

3977:

Leaders & Personalities of the Third Reich, Vol. 1

3845:

The Holocaust: An Encyclopedia and Document Collection

3809: 3683: 3603: 3261: 3210: 3198: 3169: 3103: 3004: 2850: 2754: 2742: 2691: 2676: 2652: 2556: 2544: 2532: 2472: 2388: 2312: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2255: 2159: 1522: 3091: 3055: 3043: 2898: 2640: 2628: 2604: 2592: 2354: 2352: 2334: 2322: 2231: 2219: 2207: 2123: 2113: 2111: 2096: 2072: 2021: 808:. The perpetrators believed Kadow had tipped off the 16:

German Nazi leader and Hitler's secretary (1900–1945)

4017:. Trans. Helmut Bögler. London: Brockhampton Press. 3821: 3758: 3707: 3579: 3562: 3473: 3449: 3375: 2917: 2874: 2862: 2826: 2778: 2718: 2580: 2568: 2484: 2048: 2036: 1055:

Bormann (in front beside Hitler) in Paris, June 1940

4271:

The Dictators: Hitler's Germany and Stalin's Russia

4034:"DNA test closes book on mystery of Martin Bormann" 3843:Bartrop, Paul R.; Dickerman, Michael, eds. (2017). 3773: 3731: 3656: 3079: 2838: 2664: 2520: 2496: 2448: 2424: 2303: 1865:Grand Officer and Knight of the Grand Cross of the 1491:

Death, rumours of survival and discovery of remains

1387:, and others) remained until the end of April. The 1341:

Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories

1248: 6935:German people convicted of crimes against humanity 4442:(in German). Westfälische Rundschau. 15 March 2013 4128:Race for the Reichstag: The 1945 Battle for Berlin 4104: 3953: 2376: 2364: 2349: 2291: 2279: 2267: 2243: 2183: 2171: 2147: 2108: 2009: 1689:on fragments of the skull. The testing was led by 1356:Bormann and Himmler shared responsibility for the 4695: 2084: 1716:On 2 September 1929, Bormann married 19-year-old 1578: 839:paramilitary organisation created to replace the 797:in 1922, acting as section leader and treasurer. 6851: 4229:. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara; Denver: ABC-CLIO. 3847:. Vol. 1. Sanda Barbara; Denver: ABC-CLIO. 3842: 3073: 2814: 652:. Bormann joined the Nazi Party in 1927 and the 1138:(head of the Reich Chancellery), Field Marshal 4395: 4251:. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press. 4225:Moll, Martin (2016). Spencer C. Tucker (ed.). 4009: 3544: 3163: 3139: 3025: 2772: 1527:At around 11:00 pm on 1 May, Bormann left the 1268:Bormann (behind and to Hitler's right) on the 1010:Adolf Hitler Fund of German Trade and Industry 720:by the International Military Tribunal in the 317:Adolf Hitler Fund of German Trade and Industry 6603: 5991: 5407: 4681: 4174:. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. 1112:Council of Ministers for Defense of the Reich 885:, a weekly paper edited by Nazi Party member 6007: 5681: 5672: 5663: 5654: 5645: 5636: 5627: 5618: 5609: 4454: 4424:(in German). Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. 4316: 4130:. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen and Sword. 3995:"Hitler's last days: Preparations for death" 3979:. San Jose, CA: R. James Bender Publishing. 3255: 2986: 1805:. He later left the priesthood and married. 1418:In the early morning hours of 29 April 1945 1335:, in his brutal treatment of Slavic people. 1323:Bormann supported the hard-line approach of 4208:Leaders of the SS and German Police, Vol. 1 1746:Martin and Gerda Bormann had ten children: 1456:(President of Germany) and Goebbels became 1377:Hitler transferred his headquarters to the 1123:. Associates began to refer to him as the " 852: 735: 6610: 6596: 5998: 5984: 5933:National Political Institutes of Education 5414: 5400: 4688: 4674: 4193:. New York: William Morrow & Company. 4125: 3243: 1797:. She died of cancer on 23 March 1946, in 31: 6975:Nazis who died by suicide in Nazi Germany 4166: 2947: 1808: 1789:Volker Bormann (18 September 1943 – 1946) 1786:Fritz Hartmut Bormann (born 3 April 1942) 1771:Irmgard Bormann (born 25 or 28 July 1933) 1441:on the afternoon of 30 April. Braun took 619:(17 June 1900 – 2 May 1945) was a German 565:Conspiracy to commit crimes against peace 4556:Newspaper clippings about Martin Bormann 4498: 4188: 3974: 3791: 3752: 3701: 3369: 3357: 3342: 3330: 3318: 3303: 3291: 3279: 3228: 2998: 2959: 2700: 2685: 2658: 2562: 2478: 2261: 2141: 2102: 2078: 2066: 1919:Höss, who later served as commandant of 1884:List of Nazi Party leaders and officials 1753:(14 April 1930 – 11 March 2013); called 1494: 1263: 1050: 963: 410: 4476: 4419: 4076: 4054: 3883: 3677: 3556: 3532: 3503: 3491: 3467: 3443: 3431: 3419: 3393: 3151: 3109: 3010: 2974: 2760: 2748: 2712: 2550: 2538: 2030: 1733:Untersuchung und Schlichtungs-Ausschuss 1616: 1155: 6852: 4517: 4482:The Hunt for Martin Bormann: The Truth 4347: 4325: 4205: 4031: 3861: 3815: 3662: 3650: 3267: 3216: 3204: 3192: 3175: 3097: 3061: 3049: 3037: 2911: 2736: 2646: 2634: 2610: 2598: 2343: 2213: 2201: 2129: 1695:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich 1372: 724:of 1945 and 1946. He was convicted of 110:12 April 1943 – 30 April 1945 6591: 5979: 5395: 4669: 4371: 4265: 4243: 3929: 3905: 2923: 2892: 2880: 2868: 2856: 2832: 2784: 2724: 2622: 2586: 2574: 2490: 2466: 2406: 2316: 1225:protest movement among church leaders 781:hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic 665:, where he served as chief of staff. 132:Himself (as Private Secretary to the 6970:Nazis sentenced to death in absentia 6839:Committed suicide on 25 October 1945 5960:Ranks and insignia of the Nazi Party 5902:National Democratic Party of Germany 5274:Members granted rank & authority 4544:Martin Bormann: "The Brown Eminence" 4354:The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich 4287: 4224: 4144: 4102: 3948: 3827: 3803: 3779: 3767: 3737: 3713: 3689: 3597: 3585: 3573: 3515: 3479: 3455: 3381: 3085: 2935: 2844: 2820: 2808: 2796: 2670: 2526: 2514: 2502: 2454: 2442: 2430: 2418: 2394: 2382: 2370: 2358: 2328: 2297: 2285: 2273: 2249: 2237: 2225: 2189: 2177: 2165: 2153: 2117: 2090: 2054: 2042: 2015: 2003: 1206:As part of the campaign against the 698:in Berlin on 16 January 1945 as the 692:Bormann returned with Hitler to the 6895:Anti-Christian sentiment in Germany 6806:Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach 4503:. Vol. I. Fonthill Media LLC. 4331:Albert Speer: His Battle With Truth 4042:. London: Independent Print Limited 3891:. New York: Konecky & Konecky. 1693:, Professor of Forensic Science at 1523:Axmann's account of Bormann's death 732:and sentenced to death by hanging. 60:30 April 1945 – 2 May 1945 13: 6995:Prisoners and detainees of Germany 6990:People from the Province of Saxony 6960:Members of the Reichstag 1938–1945 6955:Members of the Reichstag 1936–1938 6950:Members of the Reichstag 1933–1936 6550:(executed for desertion, 28 April) 4422:Das Dritte Reich und der Holocaust 4357:. New York: Simon & Schuster. 4082:To Hell and Back: Europe 1914–1949 4062:. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. 1783:Gerda Bormann (born 4 August 1940) 1365:In early 1945, Bormann edited the 1173:(Reich Concordat) treaty with the 247:Member of the "Committee of Three" 215:1 July 1933 – 12 May 1941 14: 7021: 6556:(Hitler's dog, poisoned 29 April) 5185:Reichsministers without portfolio 4537: 4298:The Dark Charisma of Adolf Hitler 4210:. San Jose, CA: R. James Bender. 1780:Eva Ute Bormann (born 4 May 1938) 1426:and Bormann witnessed and signed 1245:describes Bormann as an atheist. 931:and head of the party chancellery 164:12 May 1941 – 2 May 1945 48:Party Minister of the Nazi Party 6880:20th-century Freikorps personnel 4550:Information about Martin Bormann 4440:"Traueranzeigen: Martin Bormann" 4150:Nazi Hunter: The Wiesenthal File 3399: 1833:Honour Chevron for the Old Guard 1711: 1472:committed suicide the next day. 1428:Hitler's last will and testament 1249:Personal Secretary to the Führer 1032:(the annexation of Austria into 714:. The missing Bormann was tried 461: 5965:Samoan branch of the Nazi Party 5167:Paul Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach 5100:Paul Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach 3836: 1978: 1969: 1948: 1935: 1926: 1913: 1464:. Bormann was appointed as the 1130:", although never to his face. 876: 406: 6910:German critics of Christianity 6905:Critics of the Catholic Church 5421: 5276:equivalent to a Reichsminister 4941:Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk 4629:Chief of the Party Chancellery 4584:Secretary to the Deputy Führer 4405:. Cambridge University Press. 4301:(television documentary). UK: 3726:Traueranzeigen: Martin Bormann 1731:, served as a chairman of the 1098:with the title of Head of the 1048:, a major annual party event. 922:National Socialist Motor Corps 779:landowners association. While 634:Bormann joined a paramilitary 152:Chief of the Party Chancellery 1: 7010:Suicides by cyanide poisoning 6178:Bernd Freytag von Loringhoven 4697:Members of the Hitler Cabinet 4317:Schirrmacher, Thomas (2007). 4295:(writer, consultant) (2012). 3600:, pp. 343–344, 410, 437. 1958:. The term is a reference to 1860:Nazi Party Long Service Award 1551:and travelled on foot via an 1212:Clemens August Graf von Galen 525:55th Field Artillery Regiment 201:Chief of Staff of the Deputy 5468:Adolf Hitler's rise to power 4520:Hitler's Alpine Headquarters 3869:. New York: Viking-Penguin. 3074:Bartrop & Dickerman 2017 1991: 1921:Auschwitz concentration camp 1514:17 October 1946 newsreel of 1233:wrote of Bormann's beliefs: 646:Auschwitz concentration camp 7: 6985:People from Harz (district) 6890:Anti-Catholicism in Germany 6014:by date of departure (1945) 5928:Munich Documentation Centre 5709:Houston Stewart Chamberlain 4560:20th Century Press Archives 4522:. Barnsley: Pen and Sword. 4484:. London: Pen & Sword. 4032:Karacs, Imre (4 May 1998). 3934:. New York: Penguin Group. 3915:. New York: Penguin Group. 1872: 1867:Order of the Crown of Italy 702:approached the city. After 548:Deceased before arraignment 10: 7026: 6836:Found unfit to stand trial 5498:National Socialist Program 4746:President of the Reichstag 4420:Tofahrn, Klaus W. (2008). 4126:Le Tissier, Tony (2010) . 4111:. New York: Random House. 3975:Hamilton, Charles (1984). 3930:Evans, Richard J. (2008). 3889:Hitler: A Study in Tyranny 1676:Public Prosecutor's Office 1333:Reichskommissariat Ukraine 1311:Knowing Hitler viewed the 1193:disagrees with this view. 1165:National Socialist Program 1145:Oberkommando der Wehrmacht 96:Personal Secretary to the 6819: 6798: 6772: 6699: 6626: 6569: 6540: 6475: 6429: 6393: 6232: 6216: 6170: 6149: 6133: 6097: 6061: 6040: 6019: 6008: 5915: 5877: 5694: 5602: 5579:Office of Foreign Affairs 5569:Office of Military Policy 5564:Office of Colonial Policy 5536: 5460: 5429: 5355: 5273: 5183: 5156: 5136: 5116: 5091: 5073: 5034: 5009: 4984: 4950: 4932: 4912: 4866: 4846: 4820: 4800: 4773: 4764: 4760: 4703: 4653: 4642: 4637: 4626: 4608: 4597: 4590: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4552:in the Reichstag database 4103:Lang, Jochen von (1979). 3867:Berlin: The Downfall 1945 1889:List SS-Obergruppenführer 1567:while crouching behind a 1450:was appointed as the new 1339:, serving as head of the 1040:after the signing of the 623:official and head of the 610: 606: 602: 592: 582: 556: 552: 544: 537: 529: 521: 508: 498: 482: 477: 469: 457: 447: 431: 420: 393: 383: 369: 355: 331: 326: 322: 307: 286: 268: 251: 239: 234: 219: 208: 200: 190: 168: 157: 150: 140: 126: 114: 103: 95: 85: 64: 53: 46: 42: 30: 23: 6930:German former Christians 6618:Major defendants at the 6053:Karl-Jesko von Puttkamer 5938:Nazi concentration camps 5508:Night of the Long Knives 4572:Party political offices 4206:Miller, Michael (2006). 4189:McGovern, James (1968). 4172:Heinrich Himmler: A Life 3997:. Security Service (MI5) 3912:The Third Reich in Power 1906: 1879:Glossary of Nazi Germany 1827:Olympic Games Decoration 1680:Federal Court of Justice 1652:). One was dressed in a 1163:While Article 24 of the 881:Bormann took a job with 853:Career in the Nazi Party 736:Early life and education 704:Hitler committed suicide 370:Cause of death 6900:Antisemitism in Germany 6885:Anti-Catholic activists 6157:Robert Ritter von Greim 6006:Final occupants of the 5639:Innviertler Heimatblatt 5574:Office of Racial Policy 5291:Walther von Brauchitsch 4645:Secretary to the Führer 4460:The Last Days of Hitler 4397:Steigmann-Gall, Richard 1606:crimes against humanity 1557:Friedrichstraße station 1407:to boy soldiers of the 1200:Welthauptstadt Germania 1134:committee members were 976:, Hitler's property at 793:organisation headed by 730:crimes against humanity 627:, private secretary to 577:Crimes against humanity 6940:Holocaust perpetrators 6737:Konstantin von Neurath 6671:Joachim von Ribbentrop 6430:Still present on 2 May 6115:Joachim von Ribbentrop 5819:Joachim von Ribbentrop 5814:Konstantin von Neurath 5682: 5673: 5664: 5655: 5646: 5637: 5628: 5619: 5610: 5559:Nazi Party Chancellery 5243:Konstantin von Neurath 5000:Joachim von Ribbentrop 4993:Konstantin von Neurath 4518:Wilson, James (2013). 4499:Williams, Max (2015). 4378:Inside the Third Reich 3960:. New York: Pantheon. 3932:The Third Reich at War 3434:, pp. 98–99, 101. 1809:Awards and decorations 1519: 1485:Soviet 8th Guards Army 1391:was located under the 1354: 1273: 1272:, Slovenia, April 1941 1240: 1220:involuntary euthanasia 1191:Richard Steigmann-Gall 1088:, the invasion of the 1056: 969: 873:(Old Fighter) status. 625:Nazi Party Chancellery 6513:Alwin-Broder Albrecht 6497:(née Braun, 30 April) 6275:Ernst-Günther Schenck 5907:Socialist Reich Party 5898:Deutsche Reichspartei 5719:Richard Walther Darré 5612:Völkischer Beobachter 5493:German Workers' Party 4968:Richard Walther Darré 4639:Position established 4578:Position established 4462:. London: Pan Books. 4333:. New York: Vintage. 4011:Joachimsthaler, Anton 1555:subway tunnel to the 1543:, and Hitler's pilot 1513: 1462:Chancellor of Germany 1434:in a civil ceremony. 1349: 1267: 1235: 1054: 967: 911:1930 general election 883:Der Nationalsozialist 822:Albert Leo Schlageter 644:(later commandant of 617:Martin Ludwig Bormann 499:Years of service 336:Martin Ludwig Bormann 7005:SS-Obergruppenführer 6965:Nazi Party officials 6686:Arthur Seyss-Inquart 6483:Ernst-Robert Grawitz 6457:Liselotte Chervinska 6340:Günther Schwägermann 5923:Adolf Hitler Schools 5849:Arthur Seyss-Inquart 5554:Hitler's Chancellery 5488:Enabling Act of 1933 5264:Arthur Seyss-Inquart 5050:Franz Schlegelberger 4952:Food and Agriculture 3396:, pp. 127, 144. 3372:, pp. 169, 171. 3294:, pp. 172, 174. 3154:, pp. 949, 950. 2739:, pp. 234, 240. 2625:, pp. 168, 742. 2517:, pp. 118, 121. 2204:, pp. 146, 148. 2006:, pp. 364, 378. 1964:Louis XIII of France 1956:der brauner Schatten 1902:, Bormann's adjutant 1862:in Bronze and Silver 1751:Martin Adolf Bormann 1691:Wolfgang Eisenmenger 1617:Discovery of remains 1086:Operation Barbarossa 907:Hilfskasse der NSDAP 887:Hans Severus Ziegler 569:Crimes of aggression 487:Imperial German Army 426:Martin Adolf Bormann 235:Additional positions 6753:Baldur von Schirach 6661:Ernst Kaltenbrunner 6411:Theodor von Dufving 6255:Constanze Manziarly 5893:German Social Union 5844:Baldur von Schirach 5799:Ernst Kaltenbrunner 5594:SS Education Office 5478:Brown House, Munich 5147:Werner von Blomberg 5058:Otto Georg Thierack 4848:Eastern Territories 4592:Position abolished 4291:(writer, director) 4273:. London: Penguin. 4060:Hitler: A Biography 3806:, pp. 387–388. 3545:Joachimsthaler 1999 3535:, pp. 217–218. 3518:, pp. 421–422. 3506:, pp. 136–137. 3446:, pp. 162–164. 3333:, pp. 167–168. 3282:, pp. 158–159. 3195:, pp. 382–383. 3166:, pp. 286–287. 3164:Joachimsthaler 1999 3140:Joachimsthaler 1999 3040:, pp. 217–233. 3026:Joachimsthaler 1999 2977:, pp. 858–859. 2938:, pp. 179–181. 2895:, pp. 333–334. 2811:, pp. 152–154. 2799:, pp. 149–150. 2773:Steigmann-Gall 2003 2715:, pp. 749–753. 2469:, pp. 131–132. 2445:, pp. 121–122. 2421:, pp. 108–109. 2409:, pp. 128–129. 1708:on 16 August 1999. 1650:Berlin Hauptbahnhof 1579:Tried at Nuremberg 1565:Weidendammer Bridge 1483:, commander of the 1373:Last days in Berlin 1270:Old Bridge, Maribor 1064:, Göring, Himmler, 1015:Hitler's Table Talk 895:(party leader) for 812:authorities in the 648:) in the murder of 539:Criminal conviction 242:January–August 1943 6628:Sentenced to death 6467:Johannes Hentschel 6310:Ludwig Stumpfegger 6285:Johann Rattenhuber 6224:Nicolaus von Below 5621:Das Schwarze Korps 5312:Werner von Fritsch 5305:Karl Hermann Frank 4456:Trevor-Roper, Hugh 4381:. New York: Avon. 4349:Shirer, William L. 3124:Hitler's Last Days 2397:, pp. 84, 86. 2168:, pp. 37, 99. 1960:Cardinal Richelieu 1829:First Class (1936) 1821:Golden Party Badge 1533:Ludwig Stumpfegger 1520: 1458:head of government 1367:Bormann dictations 1274: 1057: 970: 915:ℛ︁ℳ︁ 750:Kingdom of Prussia 6847: 6846: 6585: 6584: 6560:Goebbels children 6476:Committed suicide 6203:Willy Johannmeyer 6089:Eckhard Christian 6079:Christa Schroeder 5973: 5972: 5953:Horst-Wessel-Lied 5784:Reinhard Heydrich 5774:Ernst Hanfstaengl 5513:Nuremberg rallies 5389: 5388: 5351: 5350: 5346: 5345: 5342: 5341: 5174:Julius Dorpmüller 5107:Wilhelm Ohnesorge 5067: 5066: 4664: 4663: 4624: 4529:978-1-78303-004-0 4510:978-1-78155-433-3 4469:978-0-330-49060-3 4431:978-3-631-57702-8 4412:978-0-521-82371-5 4388:978-0-380-00071-5 4364:978-0-671-62420-0 4340:978-0-679-76812-8 4280:978-0-14-191224-0 4258:978-0-299-19304-1 4236:978-1-4408-4593-2 4217:978-93-297-0037-2 4181:978-0-19-959232-6 4159:978-1-84119-607-7 4137:978-1-84884-230-4 4118:978-0-394-50321-9 4095:978-0-14-310992-1 4069:978-0-393-06757-6 4024:978-1-86019-902-8 3967:978-0-394-73407-1 3941:978-0-14-311671-4 3922:978-0-14-303790-3 3907:Evans, Richard J. 3898:978-1-56852-036-0 3876:978-0-670-03041-5 3854:978-1-4408-4083-8 3704:, pp. 20–21. 3692:, pp. 52–53. 3256:Trevor-Roper 2002 2987:Schirrmacher 2007 2962:, pp. 78–79. 2859:, pp. 97–99. 2331:, pp. 74–77. 2240:, pp. 49–51. 2228:, pp. 45–46. 2144:, pp. 13–14. 2069:, pp. 11–12. 2057:, pp. 22–23. 2045:, pp. 16–18. 1795:Allied air attack 1511: 1439:committed suicide 1393:Reich Chancellery 1121:without portfolio 1104:Party Chancellery 889:, who was deputy 824:was carrying out 810:French occupation 804:in the murder of 675:Party Chancellery 614: 613: 597:Death-in-Absentia 515:Obergruppenführer 264:without portfolio 7017: 6915:Former Lutherans 6765: 6757: 6749: 6741: 6733: 6725: 6717: 6705: 6704: 6691:Julius Streicher 6676:Alfred Rosenberg 6620:Nuremberg trials 6612: 6605: 6598: 6589: 6588: 6562:(poisoned 1 May) 6548:Hermann Fegelein 6519:Wilhelm Burgdorf 6416:Siegfried Knappe 6401:Helmuth Weidling 6385:Käthe Heusermann 6370:Werner Schwiedel 6355:Armin D. Lehmann 6032:Heinrich Himmler 6013: 6012: 6000: 5993: 5986: 5977: 5976: 5916:Related articles 5869:Julius Streicher 5829:Alfred Rosenberg 5789:Heinrich Himmler 5687: 5678: 5669: 5660: 5651: 5642: 5633: 5624: 5615: 5473:Beer Hall Putsch 5416: 5409: 5402: 5393: 5392: 5382: 5369: 5367:Heinrich Himmler 5335: 5328: 5321: 5314: 5307: 5300: 5293: 5286: 5266: 5259: 5252: 5245: 5238: 5231: 5224: 5222:Konstantin Hierl 5217: 5210: 5203: 5196: 5176: 5169: 5149: 5129: 5109: 5102: 5084: 5071: 5070: 5060: 5053: 5045: 5027: 5025:Heinrich Himmler 5020: 5002: 4995: 4977: 4970: 4963: 4961:Alfred Hugenberg 4943: 4925: 4905: 4898: 4891: 4884: 4877: 4875:Alfred Hugenberg 4859: 4857:Alfred Rosenberg 4839: 4831: 4813: 4793: 4786: 4771: 4770: 4767: 4766: 4762: 4761: 4753: 4740: 4730: 4717: 4690: 4683: 4676: 4667: 4666: 4615: 4609:Preceded by 4569: 4568: 4533: 4514: 4495: 4478:Whiting, Charles 4473: 4451: 4449: 4447: 4435: 4416: 4392: 4368: 4344: 4322: 4313: 4311: 4309: 4284: 4262: 4240: 4221: 4202: 4185: 4168:Longerich, Peter 4163: 4141: 4122: 4110: 4099: 4073: 4051: 4049: 4047: 4028: 4006: 4004: 4002: 3990: 3971: 3959: 3950:Fest, Joachim C. 3945: 3926: 3902: 3880: 3858: 3831: 3825: 3819: 3813: 3807: 3801: 3795: 3789: 3783: 3777: 3771: 3765: 3756: 3750: 3741: 3735: 3729: 3723: 3717: 3711: 3705: 3699: 3693: 3687: 3681: 3675: 3666: 3660: 3654: 3648: 3601: 3595: 3589: 3583: 3577: 3571: 3560: 3554: 3548: 3542: 3536: 3530: 3519: 3513: 3507: 3501: 3495: 3489: 3483: 3477: 3471: 3465: 3459: 3453: 3447: 3441: 3435: 3429: 3423: 3417: 3411: 3410: 3403: 3397: 3391: 3385: 3379: 3373: 3367: 3361: 3355: 3346: 3340: 3334: 3328: 3322: 3316: 3307: 3301: 3295: 3289: 3283: 3277: 3271: 3265: 3259: 3253: 3247: 3241: 3232: 3226: 3220: 3214: 3208: 3202: 3196: 3190: 3179: 3173: 3167: 3161: 3155: 3149: 3143: 3137: 3128: 3119: 3113: 3107: 3101: 3095: 3089: 3083: 3077: 3071: 3065: 3059: 3053: 3047: 3041: 3035: 3029: 3023: 3014: 3008: 3002: 2996: 2990: 2984: 2978: 2972: 2963: 2957: 2951: 2945: 2939: 2933: 2927: 2921: 2915: 2909: 2896: 2890: 2884: 2878: 2872: 2866: 2860: 2854: 2848: 2842: 2836: 2830: 2824: 2818: 2812: 2806: 2800: 2794: 2788: 2782: 2776: 2770: 2764: 2758: 2752: 2746: 2740: 2734: 2728: 2722: 2716: 2710: 2704: 2698: 2689: 2683: 2674: 2668: 2662: 2656: 2650: 2644: 2638: 2632: 2626: 2620: 2614: 2608: 2602: 2596: 2590: 2584: 2578: 2572: 2566: 2560: 2554: 2548: 2542: 2536: 2530: 2524: 2518: 2512: 2506: 2500: 2494: 2488: 2482: 2476: 2470: 2464: 2458: 2452: 2446: 2440: 2434: 2428: 2422: 2416: 2410: 2404: 2398: 2392: 2386: 2380: 2374: 2368: 2362: 2356: 2347: 2341: 2332: 2326: 2320: 2314: 2301: 2295: 2289: 2283: 2277: 2271: 2265: 2259: 2253: 2247: 2241: 2235: 2229: 2223: 2217: 2211: 2205: 2199: 2193: 2187: 2181: 2175: 2169: 2163: 2157: 2151: 2145: 2139: 2133: 2127: 2121: 2115: 2106: 2100: 2094: 2088: 2082: 2076: 2070: 2064: 2058: 2052: 2046: 2040: 2034: 2028: 2019: 2013: 2007: 2001: 1985: 1982: 1976: 1973: 1967: 1952: 1946: 1939: 1933: 1930: 1924: 1917: 1896:Standartenführer 1726: 1642:Simon Wiesenthal 1589:Nuremberg trials 1516:Nuremberg trials 1512: 1477:Helmuth Weidling 1420:Wilhelm Burgdorf 1397:Battle of Berlin 1337:Alfred Rosenberg 1302:Richard J. Evans 1294:Nazi death camps 1095:Nuremberg trials 1066:Alfred Rosenberg 1042:Munich Agreement 865:Heinrich Himmler 835:, a short-lived 722:Nuremberg trials 593:Criminal penalty 587:Nuremberg trials 561: 478:Military service 465: 414: 412: 408: 378:hydrogen cyanide 362: 345: 343: 327:Personal details 312: 311: 291: 290: 273: 272: 256: 255: 244: 243: 225: 213: 196:Office abolished 193: 186: 171: 162: 146:Office abolished 143: 129: 108: 91:Office abolished 88: 81: 67: 58: 35: 21: 20: 7025: 7024: 7020: 7019: 7018: 7016: 7015: 7014: 6925:German atheists 6850: 6849: 6848: 6843: 6842: 6815: 6794: 6790:Hjalmar Schacht 6785:Franz von Papen 6768: 6763: 6755: 6747: 6739: 6731: 6723: 6715: 6702: 6701: 6695: 6622: 6616: 6586: 6581: 6577:Heinrich Müller 6565: 6536: 6501:Joseph Goebbels 6471: 6425: 6389: 6280:Hans-Erich Voss 6250:Gerda Christian 6228: 6212: 6166: 6145: 6129: 6093: 6057: 6036: 6015: 6004: 5974: 5969: 5911: 5873: 5859:Gregor Strasser 5764:Joseph Goebbels 5749:Roland Freisler 5734:Dietrich Eckart 5696:Notable members 5690: 5598: 5532: 5456: 5425: 5420: 5390: 5385: 5372: 5362:Reichsführer SS 5359: 5347: 5338: 5331: 5324: 5317: 5310: 5303: 5296: 5289: 5282: 5275: 5269: 5262: 5257:Hjalmar Schacht 5255: 5248: 5241: 5234: 5227: 5220: 5213: 5206: 5199: 5192: 5179: 5172: 5165: 5152: 5145: 5132: 5127:Joseph Goebbels 5125: 5112: 5105: 5098: 5087: 5080: 5063: 5056: 5048: 5041: 5030: 5023: 5016: 5005: 4998: 4991: 4985:Foreign Affairs 4980: 4973: 4966: 4959: 4946: 4939: 4928: 4921: 4908: 4901: 4894: 4889:Hjalmar Schacht 4887: 4880: 4873: 4862: 4855: 4842: 4834: 4827: 4816: 4809: 4796: 4789: 4782: 4756: 4743: 4733: 4728:Franz von Papen 4723:Vice-Chancellor 4720: 4707: 4699: 4694: 4659: 4648: 4632: 4614: 4603: 4587: 4540: 4530: 4511: 4492: 4470: 4445: 4443: 4432: 4413: 4389: 4365: 4341: 4307: 4305: 4281: 4259: 4237: 4218: 4182: 4160: 4138: 4119: 4096: 4070: 4045: 4043: 4039:The Independent 4025: 4000: 3998: 3987: 3968: 3942: 3923: 3899: 3877: 3855: 3839: 3834: 3826: 3822: 3814: 3810: 3802: 3798: 3790: 3786: 3778: 3774: 3766: 3759: 3751: 3744: 3736: 3732: 3724: 3720: 3712: 3708: 3700: 3696: 3688: 3684: 3676: 3669: 3661: 3657: 3649: 3604: 3596: 3592: 3584: 3580: 3572: 3563: 3555: 3551: 3543: 3539: 3531: 3522: 3514: 3510: 3502: 3498: 3490: 3486: 3478: 3474: 3466: 3462: 3454: 3450: 3442: 3438: 3430: 3426: 3418: 3414: 3405: 3404: 3400: 3392: 3388: 3380: 3376: 3368: 3364: 3356: 3349: 3341: 3337: 3329: 3325: 3317: 3310: 3302: 3298: 3290: 3286: 3278: 3274: 3266: 3262: 3254: 3250: 3244:Le Tissier 2010 3242: 3235: 3227: 3223: 3215: 3211: 3203: 3199: 3191: 3182: 3174: 3170: 3162: 3158: 3150: 3146: 3138: 3131: 3120: 3116: 3108: 3104: 3096: 3092: 3084: 3080: 3076:, p. 1069. 3072: 3068: 3060: 3056: 3048: 3044: 3036: 3032: 3024: 3017: 3009: 3005: 2997: 2993: 2985: 2981: 2973: 2966: 2958: 2954: 2946: 2942: 2934: 2930: 2922: 2918: 2910: 2899: 2891: 2887: 2879: 2875: 2867: 2863: 2855: 2851: 2843: 2839: 2831: 2827: 2819: 2815: 2807: 2803: 2795: 2791: 2783: 2779: 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1531:with SS doctor 1525: 1495: 1493: 1453:Reichspräsident 1375: 1329:Reichskommissar 1290:Greater Germany 1251: 1208:Catholic Church 1170:Reichskonkordat 1161: 1142:, chief of the 1062:Joseph Goebbels 1046:Nuremberg Rally 968:Bormann in 1939 938:Machtergreifung 933: 879: 855: 795:Gerhard Roßbach 738: 708:Lehrter station 575: 571: 567: 557: 545:Criminal status 503: 489: 439: 438:(father-in-law) 416: 404: 400: 384:Political party 365:Berlin, Germany 364: 360: 351:, German Empire 347: 341: 339: 338: 337: 315:Manager of the 309: 308: 300: 288: 287: 278:Greater German 270: 269: 253: 252: 241: 240: 220: 214: 209: 191: 177: 169: 163: 158: 141: 127: 109: 104: 86: 73: 65: 59: 54: 38: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7023: 7013: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6860:Martin Bormann 6845: 6844: 6841: 6840: 6837: 6834: 6831: 6821: 6820: 6817: 6816: 6814: 6813: 6808: 6802: 6800: 6796: 6795: 6793: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6780:Hans Fritzsche 6776: 6774: 6770: 6769: 6767: 6766: 6758: 6750: 6742: 6734: 6726: 6718: 6708: 6706: 6697: 6696: 6694: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6666:Wilhelm Keitel 6663: 6658: 6653: 6651:Hermann Göring 6648: 6643: 6638: 6636:Martin Bormann 6632: 6630: 6624: 6623: 6615: 6614: 6607: 6600: 6592: 6583: 6582: 6580: 6579: 6573: 6571: 6567: 6566: 6564: 6563: 6557: 6551: 6544: 6542: 6538: 6537: 6535: 6534: 6528: 6522: 6516: 6510: 6507:Magda Goebbels 6504: 6498: 6492: 6486: 6479: 6477: 6473: 6472: 6470: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6433: 6431: 6427: 6426: 6424: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6397: 6395: 6391: 6390: 6388: 6387: 6382: 6380:Hans Fritzsche 6377: 6375:Gerhard Schach 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6345:Ewald Lindloff 6342: 6337: 6335:Heinrich Doose 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6300:Martin Bormann 6297: 6295:Werner Naumann 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6240:Wilhelm Mohnke 6236: 6234: 6230: 6229: 6227: 6226: 6220: 6218: 6214: 6213: 6211: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6193:Wilhelm Zander 6190: 6185: 6180: 6174: 6172: 6168: 6167: 6165: 6164: 6159: 6153: 6151: 6147: 6146: 6144: 6143: 6137: 6135: 6131: 6130: 6128: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6110:Theodor Morell 6107: 6105:Albert Bormann 6101: 6099: 6095: 6094: 6092: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6065: 6063: 6059: 6058: 6056: 6055: 6050: 6044: 6042: 6038: 6037: 6035: 6034: 6029: 6027:Hermann Göring 6023: 6021: 6017: 6016: 6003: 6002: 5995: 5988: 5980: 5971: 5970: 5968: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5956: 5955: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5919: 5917: 5913: 5912: 5910: 5909: 5904: 5895: 5881: 5879: 5875: 5874: 5872: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5769:Hermann Göring 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5739:Adolf Eichmann 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5700: 5698: 5692: 5691: 5689: 5688: 5679: 5670: 5661: 5652: 5643: 5634: 5625: 5616: 5606: 5604: 5600: 5599: 5597: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5540: 5538: 5534: 5533: 5531: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5483:Denazification 5480: 5475: 5470: 5464: 5462: 5458: 5457: 5455: 5454: 5451:Martin Bormann 5448: 5442: 5435: 5433: 5427: 5426: 5419: 5418: 5411: 5404: 5396: 5387: 5386: 5384: 5383: 5370: 5356: 5353: 5352: 5349: 5348: 5344: 5343: 5340: 5339: 5337: 5336: 5329: 5322: 5319:Wilhelm Keitel 5315: 5308: 5301: 5294: 5287: 5284:Martin Bormann 5279: 5277: 5271: 5270: 5268: 5267: 5260: 5253: 5246: 5239: 5232: 5225: 5218: 5211: 5208:Hermann Göring 5204: 5197: 5189: 5187: 5181: 5180: 5178: 5177: 5170: 5162: 5160: 5154: 5153: 5151: 5150: 5142: 5140: 5134: 5133: 5131: 5130: 5122: 5120: 5114: 5113: 5111: 5110: 5103: 5095: 5093: 5092:Postal Affairs 5089: 5088: 5086: 5085: 5077: 5075: 5068: 5065: 5064: 5062: 5061: 5054: 5046: 5038: 5036: 5032: 5031: 5029: 5028: 5021: 5013: 5011: 5007: 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4180: 4164: 4158: 4142: 4136: 4123: 4117: 4100: 4094: 4074: 4068: 4052: 4029: 4023: 4007: 3991: 3985: 3972: 3966: 3946: 3940: 3927: 3921: 3903: 3897: 3881: 3875: 3863:Beevor, Antony 3859: 3853: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3832: 3830:, p. 388. 3820: 3818:, p. 322. 3808: 3796: 3794:, p. 132. 3784: 3772: 3770:, p. 187. 3757: 3755:, p. 189. 3742: 3730: 3718: 3716:, p. 326. 3706: 3694: 3682: 3680:, p. 110. 3667: 3655: 3653:, p. 154. 3602: 3590: 3588:, p. 436. 3578: 3576:, p. 432. 3561: 3559:, p. 481. 3549: 3547:, p. 285. 3537: 3520: 3508: 3496: 3494:, p. 200. 3484: 3482:, p. 417. 3472: 3470:, p. 191. 3460: 3458:, p. 165. 3448: 3436: 3424: 3422:, p. 144. 3412: 3398: 3386: 3384:, p. 229. 3374: 3362: 3360:, p. 178. 3347: 3345:, p. 169. 3335: 3323: 3321:, p. 177. 3308: 3306:, p. 173. 3296: 3284: 3272: 3270:, p. 383. 3260: 3258:, p. 193. 3248: 3246:, p. 188. 3233: 3231:, p. 397. 3221: 3219:, p. 382. 3209: 3207:, p. 151. 3197: 3180: 3178:, p. 386. 3168: 3156: 3144: 3142:, p. 187. 3129: 3114: 3112:, p. 955. 3102: 3100:, p. 343. 3090: 3088:, p. 391. 3078: 3066: 3064:, p. 255. 3054: 3052:, p. 251. 3042: 3030: 3015: 3013:, p. 894. 3003: 3001:, p. 154. 2991: 2979: 2964: 2952: 2950:, p. 439. 2948:Longerich 2012 2940: 2928: 2926:, p. 318. 2916: 2914:, p. 152. 2897: 2885: 2883:, p. 465. 2873: 2871:, p. 240. 2861: 2849: 2847:, p. 221. 2837: 2835:, p. 242. 2825: 2813: 2801: 2789: 2787:, p. 175. 2777: 2775:, p. 188. 2765: 2763:, p. 382. 2753: 2751:, p. 389. 2741: 2729: 2727:, p. 253. 2717: 2705: 2690: 2675: 2673:, p. 191. 2663: 2651: 2649:, p. 838. 2639: 2637:, p. 240. 2627: 2615: 2613:, p. 321. 2603: 2601:, p. 837. 2591: 2589:, p. 167. 2579: 2577:, p. 132. 2567: 2555: 2553:, p. 377. 2543: 2541:, p. 323. 2531: 2529:, p. 123. 2519: 2507: 2505:, p. 126. 2495: 2493:, p. 142. 2483: 2471: 2459: 2457:, p. 131. 2447: 2435: 2433:, p. 135. 2423: 2411: 2399: 2387: 2375: 2363: 2348: 2346:, p. 148. 2333: 2321: 2302: 2290: 2278: 2266: 2254: 2242: 2230: 2218: 2216:, p. 146. 2206: 2194: 2182: 2170: 2158: 2146: 2134: 2132:, p. 147. 2122: 2107: 2095: 2083: 2071: 2059: 2047: 2035: 2033:, p. 752. 2020: 2018:, p. 285. 2008: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1987: 1986: 1977: 1968: 1947: 1934: 1925: 1911: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1903: 1900:Wilhelm Zander 1891: 1886: 1881: 1874: 1871: 1870: 1869: 1863: 1857: 1851: 1841: 1838:SS-Honour Ring 1835: 1830: 1824: 1818: 1810: 1807: 1791: 1790: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1762: 1743:, an actress. 1713: 1710: 1697:. Tests using 1631:Deutsche Marks 1618: 1615: 1583: 1577: 1524: 1521: 1492: 1489: 1481:Vasily Chuikov 1466:Party Minister 1413:Albert Bormann 1374: 1371: 1298:Adolf Eichmann 1286:Final Solution 1282:Nuremberg Laws 1250: 1247: 1160: 1154: 1150:Dreierausschuß 1140:Wilhelm Keitel 1117:Reichsminister 1036:), and to the 986:Hermann Göring 932: 926: 878: 875: 854: 851: 842:Sturmabteilung 737: 734: 612: 611: 608: 607: 604: 603: 600: 599: 594: 590: 589: 584: 580: 579: 562: 554: 553: 550: 549: 546: 542: 541: 535: 534: 531: 530:Service number 527: 526: 523: 519: 518: 510: 506: 505: 500: 496: 495: 484: 483:Branch/service 480: 479: 475: 474: 473:Brown Eminence 471: 467: 466: 459: 455: 454: 452:Hitler cabinet 449: 445: 444: 441:Albert Bormann 433: 429: 428: 424:10, including 422: 418: 417: 402: 398: 397: 395: 391: 390: 385: 381: 380: 371: 367: 366: 363:(aged 44) 357: 353: 352: 335: 333: 329: 328: 324: 323: 320: 319: 313: 305: 304: 292: 284: 283: 276:Member of the 274: 266: 265: 261:Reichsminister 257: 249: 248: 245: 237: 236: 232: 231: 226: 217: 216: 206: 205: 198: 197: 194: 188: 187: 172: 166: 165: 155: 154: 148: 147: 144: 138: 137: 130: 124: 123: 118: 112: 111: 101: 100: 93: 92: 89: 83: 82: 68: 62: 61: 51: 50: 44: 43: 40: 39: 36: 28: 27: 25:Martin Bormann 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7022: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 7000:Reichsleiters 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6875:1945 suicides 6873: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6857: 6855: 6838: 6835: 6832: 6829: 6828: 6823: 6822: 6818: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6803: 6801: 6797: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6777: 6775: 6771: 6762: 6759: 6754: 6751: 6746: 6743: 6738: 6735: 6730: 6727: 6722: 6719: 6713: 6710: 6709: 6707: 6698: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6681:Fritz Sauckel 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6646:Wilhelm Frick 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6633: 6631: 6629: 6625: 6621: 6613: 6608: 6606: 6601: 6599: 6594: 6593: 6590: 6578: 6575: 6574: 6572: 6568: 6561: 6558: 6555: 6552: 6549: 6546: 6545: 6543: 6539: 6532: 6531:Franz Schädle 6529: 6526: 6523: 6520: 6517: 6514: 6511: 6508: 6505: 6502: 6499: 6496: 6493: 6490: 6487: 6484: 6481: 6480: 6478: 6474: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6434: 6432: 6428: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6398: 6396: 6392: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6270:Walther Hewel 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6237: 6235: 6231: 6225: 6222: 6221: 6219: 6215: 6209: 6208:Walter Wagner 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6183:Gerhard Boldt 6181: 6179: 6176: 6175: 6173: 6169: 6163: 6162:Hanna Reitsch 6160: 6158: 6155: 6154: 6152: 6148: 6142: 6141:Walter Frentz 6139: 6138: 6136: 6132: 6126: 6125:Julius Schaub 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6102: 6100: 6096: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6074:Karl Gebhardt 6072: 6070: 6069:Hugo Blaschke 6067: 6066: 6064: 6060: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6045: 6043: 6039: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6024: 6022: 6018: 6011: 6001: 5996: 5994: 5989: 5987: 5982: 5981: 5978: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5954: 5951: 5950: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5920: 5918: 5914: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5890: 5886: 5883: 5882: 5880: 5876: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5864:Otto Strasser 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5834:Bernhard Rust 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5809:Josef Mengele 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5754:Wilhelm Frick 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5701: 5699: 5697: 5693: 5686: 5685: 5680: 5677: 5676: 5671: 5668: 5667: 5662: 5659: 5658: 5653: 5650: 5649: 5644: 5641: 5640: 5635: 5632: 5631: 5626: 5623: 5622: 5617: 5614: 5613: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5601: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5544:Amt Rosenberg 5542: 5541: 5539: 5537:Party offices 5535: 5529: 5528:Thule Society 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5465: 5463: 5459: 5452: 5449: 5446: 5443: 5440: 5439:Anton Drexler 5437: 5436: 5434: 5432: 5428: 5424: 5417: 5412: 5410: 5405: 5403: 5398: 5397: 5394: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5371: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5358: 5357: 5354: 5334: 5330: 5327: 5326:Otto Meissner 5323: 5320: 5316: 5313: 5309: 5306: 5302: 5299: 5295: 5292: 5288: 5285: 5281: 5280: 5278: 5272: 5265: 5261: 5258: 5254: 5251: 5247: 5244: 5240: 5237: 5233: 5230: 5226: 5223: 5219: 5216: 5212: 5209: 5205: 5202: 5201:Wilhelm Frick 5198: 5195: 5191: 5190: 5188: 5186: 5182: 5175: 5171: 5168: 5164: 5163: 5161: 5159: 5155: 5148: 5144: 5143: 5141: 5139: 5135: 5128: 5124: 5123: 5121: 5119: 5115: 5108: 5104: 5101: 5097: 5096: 5094: 5090: 5083: 5079: 5078: 5076: 5072: 5069: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5044: 5043:Franz Gürtner 5040: 5039: 5037: 5033: 5026: 5022: 5019: 5018:Wilhelm Frick 5015: 5014: 5012: 5008: 5001: 4997: 4994: 4990: 4989: 4987: 4983: 4976: 4975:Herbert Backe 4972: 4969: 4965: 4962: 4958: 4957: 4955: 4953: 4949: 4942: 4938: 4937: 4935: 4931: 4924: 4923:Bernhard Rust 4920: 4919: 4917: 4915: 4911: 4904: 4900: 4897: 4893: 4890: 4886: 4883: 4879: 4876: 4872: 4871: 4869: 4865: 4858: 4854: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4845: 4837: 4833: 4830: 4826: 4825: 4823: 4819: 4812: 4808: 4807: 4805: 4803: 4799: 4792: 4788: 4785: 4781: 4780: 4778: 4776: 4772: 4769: 4768: 4763: 4759: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4742: 4739: 4736: 4732: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4719: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4706: 4705: 4702: 4698: 4691: 4686: 4684: 4679: 4677: 4672: 4671: 4668: 4658: 4657: 4652: 4647: 4646: 4640: 4636: 4631: 4630: 4623: 4622: 4621: 4620:Deputy Führer 4613: 4607: 4602: 4601: 4596: 4593: 4586: 4585: 4579: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4561: 4557: 4554: 4551: 4548: 4545: 4542: 4541: 4531: 4525: 4521: 4516: 4512: 4506: 4502: 4497: 4493: 4491:0-85052-527-6 4487: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4427: 4423: 4418: 4414: 4408: 4404: 4403: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4384: 4380: 4379: 4374: 4373:Speer, Albert 4370: 4366: 4360: 4356: 4355: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4327:Sereny, Gitta 4324: 4320: 4315: 4304: 4300: 4299: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4245:Mosse, George 4242: 4238: 4232: 4228: 4223: 4219: 4213: 4209: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4187: 4183: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4133: 4129: 4124: 4120: 4114: 4109: 4108: 4101: 4097: 4091: 4087: 4086:Penguin Books 4083: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4041: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4026: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4008: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3986:0-912138-27-0 3982: 3978: 3973: 3969: 3963: 3958: 3957: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3937: 3933: 3928: 3924: 3918: 3914: 3913: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3885:Bullock, Alan 3882: 3878: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3850: 3846: 3841: 3840: 3829: 3824: 3817: 3812: 3805: 3800: 3793: 3792:Williams 2015 3788: 3782:, p. 58. 3781: 3776: 3769: 3764: 3762: 3754: 3753:McGovern 1968 3749: 3747: 3740:, p. 53. 3739: 3734: 3727: 3722: 3715: 3710: 3703: 3702:McGovern 1968 3698: 3691: 3686: 3679: 3674: 3672: 3664: 3659: 3652: 3647: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3599: 3594: 3587: 3582: 3575: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3558: 3553: 3546: 3541: 3534: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3517: 3512: 3505: 3500: 3493: 3488: 3481: 3476: 3469: 3464: 3457: 3452: 3445: 3440: 3433: 3428: 3421: 3416: 3408: 3402: 3395: 3390: 3383: 3378: 3371: 3370:McGovern 1968 3366: 3359: 3358:McGovern 1968 3354: 3352: 3344: 3343:McGovern 1968 3339: 3332: 3331:McGovern 1968 3327: 3320: 3319:McGovern 1968 3315: 3313: 3305: 3304:McGovern 1968 3300: 3293: 3292:McGovern 1968 3288: 3281: 3280:McGovern 1968 3276: 3269: 3264: 3257: 3252: 3245: 3240: 3238: 3230: 3229:McGovern 1968 3225: 3218: 3213: 3206: 3201: 3194: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3177: 3172: 3165: 3160: 3153: 3148: 3141: 3136: 3134: 3126: 3125: 3118: 3111: 3106: 3099: 3094: 3087: 3082: 3075: 3070: 3063: 3058: 3051: 3046: 3039: 3034: 3028:, p. 98. 3027: 3022: 3020: 3012: 3007: 3000: 2999:McGovern 1968 2995: 2989:, p. 42. 2988: 2983: 2976: 2971: 2969: 2961: 2960:McGovern 1968 2956: 2949: 2944: 2937: 2932: 2925: 2920: 2913: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2894: 2889: 2882: 2877: 2870: 2865: 2858: 2853: 2846: 2841: 2834: 2829: 2822: 2817: 2810: 2805: 2798: 2793: 2786: 2781: 2774: 2769: 2762: 2757: 2750: 2745: 2738: 2733: 2726: 2721: 2714: 2709: 2703:, p. 94. 2702: 2701:Hamilton 1984 2697: 2695: 2688:, p. 77. 2687: 2686:McGovern 1968 2682: 2680: 2672: 2667: 2661:, p. 63. 2660: 2659:McGovern 1968 2655: 2648: 2643: 2636: 2631: 2624: 2619: 2612: 2607: 2600: 2595: 2588: 2583: 2576: 2571: 2565:, p. 64. 2564: 2563:McGovern 1968 2559: 2552: 2547: 2540: 2535: 2528: 2523: 2516: 2511: 2504: 2499: 2492: 2487: 2481:, p. 96. 2480: 2479:McGovern 1968 2475: 2468: 2463: 2456: 2451: 2444: 2439: 2432: 2427: 2420: 2415: 2408: 2403: 2396: 2391: 2385:, p. 79. 2384: 2379: 2373:, p. 87. 2372: 2367: 2361:, p. 78. 2360: 2355: 2353: 2345: 2340: 2338: 2330: 2325: 2319:, p. 47. 2318: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2300:, p. 55. 2299: 2294: 2288:, p. 63. 2287: 2282: 2276:, p. 57. 2275: 2270: 2264:, p. 20. 2263: 2262:McGovern 1968 2258: 2252:, p. 60. 2251: 2246: 2239: 2234: 2227: 2222: 2215: 2210: 2203: 2198: 2192:, p. 46. 2191: 2186: 2180:, p. 43. 2179: 2174: 2167: 2162: 2156:, p. 33. 2155: 2150: 2143: 2142:McGovern 1968 2138: 2131: 2126: 2120:, p. 40. 2119: 2114: 2112: 2105:, p. 13. 2104: 2103:McGovern 1968 2099: 2093:, p. 28. 2092: 2087: 2081:, p. 12. 2080: 2079:McGovern 1968 2075: 2068: 2067:McGovern 1968 2063: 2056: 2051: 2044: 2039: 2032: 2027: 2025: 2017: 2012: 2005: 2000: 1996: 1981: 1972: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1951: 1944: 1938: 1929: 1922: 1916: 1912: 1901: 1898: 1897: 1892: 1890: 1887: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1876: 1868: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1816: 1813: 1812: 1806: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1763: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1749: 1748: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1741:Manja Behrens 1738: 1734: 1730: 1724: 1719: 1712:Personal life 1709: 1707: 1702: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1683: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1667:Hugo Blaschke 1664: 1658: 1655: 1651: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1614: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1598: 1592: 1590: 1582: 1576: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1563:River at the 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1517: 1488: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1473: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1440: 1435: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1416: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1381: 1370: 1368: 1363: 1361: 1360: 1353: 1348: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1321: 1318: 1314: 1309: 1307: 1306:The Holocaust 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1271: 1266: 1262: 1260: 1256: 1255:eastern front 1246: 1244: 1243:Richard Overy 1239: 1234: 1232: 1228: 1226: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1204: 1202: 1201: 1194: 1192: 1188: 1187: 1181: 1176: 1172: 1171: 1166: 1159: 1153: 1151: 1147: 1146: 1141: 1137: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1122: 1119: 1118: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1100:Parteikanzlei 1096: 1091: 1087: 1082: 1077: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1053: 1049: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1030: 1025: 1024:Wilhelm Frick 1019: 1017: 1016: 1011: 1007: 1006: 999: 997: 996: 995:Kehlsteinhaus 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 966: 962: 960: 959: 954: 953: 948: 947:Deputy Führer 944: 940: 939: 930: 925: 923: 918: 916: 912: 908: 904: 903: 898: 894: 893: 888: 884: 874: 872: 871: 870:Alter Kämpfer 866: 862: 861: 860:Schutzstaffel 850: 848: 847:Munich Putsch 844: 843: 838: 834: 833: 827: 823: 819: 815: 814:Ruhr District 811: 807: 806:Walther Kadow 803: 798: 796: 792: 788: 787: 782: 778: 774: 770: 765: 763: 759: 755: 754:German Empire 751: 747: 746:Saxony-Anhalt 743: 733: 731: 727: 723: 719: 718: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 696: 690: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 671:Parteikanzlei 666: 664: 661: 660:Deputy Führer 657: 656: 655:Schutzstaffel 651: 650:Walther Kadow 647: 643: 639: 638: 632: 630: 626: 622: 618: 609: 605: 601: 598: 595: 591: 588: 585: 581: 578: 574: 570: 566: 563: 560: 559:Conviction(s) 555: 551: 547: 543: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 517: 516: 511: 507: 501: 497: 494: 493: 492:Schutzstaffel 488: 485: 481: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 453: 450: 446: 442: 437: 434: 430: 427: 423: 419: 396: 392: 389: 386: 382: 379: 375: 372: 368: 358: 354: 350: 334: 330: 325: 321: 318: 314: 306: 303: 298: 297: 293: 285: 282: 281: 275: 267: 263: 262: 258: 250: 246: 238: 233: 230: 227: 224: 218: 212: 207: 204: 199: 195: 189: 184: 183: 176: 173: 167: 161: 156: 153: 149: 145: 139: 135: 131: 125: 122: 119: 117: 113: 107: 102: 99: 94: 90: 84: 79: 78: 72: 69: 63: 57: 52: 49: 45: 41: 34: 29: 22: 19: 6945:Kirchenkampf 6825: 6761:Albert Speer 6745:Erich Raeder 6721:Walther Funk 6635: 6489:Adolf Hitler 6452:Fritz Tornow 6437:Werner Haase 6421:Rochus Misch 6365:Heinz Krüger 6350:Hans Reisser 6330:Erich Kempka 6315:Artur Axmann 6299: 6265:Otto Günsche 6245:Traudl Junge 6198:Heinz Lorenz 6188:Rudolf Weiss 6120:Albert Speer 6084:Johanna Wolf 6010:Führerbunker 5943:Nazi Germany 5854:Albert Speer 5759:Walther Funk 5724:Rudolf Diels 5714:Kurt Daluege 5704:Artur Axmann 5603:Publications 5549:Hitler Youth 5518:Röhm scandal 5450: 5445:Adolf Hitler 5375:Stabschef SA 5373: 5360: 5333:Erich Raeder 5283: 5236:Hans Lammers 5082:Franz Seldte 4903:Walther Funk 4882:Kurt Schmitt 4836:Hermann Muhs 4791:Albert Speer 4744: 4734: 4721: 4715:Adolf Hitler 4708: 4654: 4643: 4638: 4627: 4617: 4616: 4600:Reichsleiter 4598: 4591: 4582: 4577: 4519: 4500: 4481: 4459: 4444:. Retrieved 4421: 4401: 4376: 4352: 4330: 4318: 4306:. Retrieved 4297: 4293:Kershaw, Ian 4270: 4248: 4226: 4207: 4190: 4171: 4149: 4127: 4106: 4084:. New York: 4081: 4078:Kershaw, Ian 4059: 4056:Kershaw, Ian 4044:. Retrieved 4037: 4014: 3999:. 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facto 470:Nickname 421:Children 6703:(terms) 6570:Unknown 6533:(2 May) 6527:(2 May) 6521:(2 May) 6515:(1 May) 6509:(1 May) 6503:(1 May) 5461:History 5035:Justice 4933:Finance 4562:of the 4558:in the 1943:Pullach 1846:of the 1672:cremate 1663:cyanide 1539:leader 1443:cyanide 1175:Vatican 974:Berghof 820:member 752:in the 448:Cabinet 415: 403: 374:Suicide 299:of the 221:Deputy 180:Deputy 6824: 6748:(life) 6732:(life) 6724:(life) 6714: 6554:Blondi 6541:Killed 5503:Nazism 5453:(1945) 5431:Leader 5074:Labour 4526: 4507: 4488: 4466: 4428: 4409: 4385: 4361: 4337: 4277: 4255: 4233: 4214: 4199:441132 4197: 4178: 4156: 4134: 4115: 4092: 4066: 4021: 3983: 3964: 3938: 3919: 3895: 3873: 3851: 1856:(1938) 1850:(1937) 1840:(1937) 1823:(1934) 1817:(1932) 1799:Merano 1755:Krönzi 1737:USCHLA 1604:, and 1553:U-Bahn 945:, the 762:Albert 409: 394:Spouse 223:Führer 203:Führer 182:Führer 134:Führer 116:Führer 98:Führer 77:Führer 6394:2 May 6233:1 May 4660:1945 3122:MI5, 1907:Notes 1725:] 1561:Spree 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