South Sudan - Knowledge

2088: 4733:. Other African countries that contribute the most refugees to South Sudan are the Central African Republic, Ethiopia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. As a result of the war that erupted in December 2013, more than 2.3 million people – one in every five people in South Sudan – have been forced to flee their homes, including 1.66 million internally displaced people (with 53.4 per cent estimated to be children) and nearly 644,900 refugees in neighbouring countries. Some 185,000 internally displaced people (IDPs) have sought refuge in UN Protection of Civilians (PoC) sites, while around 90 percent of IDPs are on the run or sheltering outside PoC sites. Consequently, UNHCR is stepping up its response through an inter-agency collaborative approach under the leadership of the Humanitarian Coordinator, and working with the International Organization for Migration (IOM). In early February 2013, UNHCR started distributing relief items outside the UN base in Malakal, South Sudan, which was expected to reach 10,000 people. 2992:

removed from applicability to newly independent South Sudan in December 2011, and senior RSS officials participated in a high-level international engagement conference in Washington, D.C., to help connect foreign investors with the RSS and South Sudanese private sector representatives. Given the interdependence between some sectors of the economy of the Republic of South Sudan and the Republic of Sudan, certain activities still require OFAC authorization. Absent a licence, current Sudanese sanction regulations will continue to prohibit U.S. persons from dealing in property and interests that benefit Sudan or the Government of Sudan. A 2011 Congressional Research Service report, "The Republic of South Sudan: Opportunities and Challenges for Africa's Newest Country", identifies outstanding political and humanitarian issues as the country forges its future.

4718: 3786: 115: 1447: 3794: 3568: 2679: 14129: 4549:. The country's transitional constitution provides for separation of religion and state, prohibits religious discrimination, and provides religious groups freedom to worship, assemble, proselytize, own property, receive financial contributions, communicate and publish materials on religious matters, and establish charitable institutions. Interreligious conflict occurs largely in the context of ethnic and communal conflict; for example, in February 2022, clashes between Dinka clans resulted in the targeting of associated religious buildings and leaders. 3762: 68: 4933:, during fighting between government and opposition forces. Christopher Allen was a freelance journalist who had worked for several U.S. news outlets. He had been reportedly embedded with the opposition forces in South Sudan for a week before he was killed. The same month, President Salva Kiir said the millions of civilians fleeing South Sudan were being driven by the propaganda from social media users conspiring against his government. Just a month prior in July 2017, access to major news websites and popular blogs including 2035: 1836: 1600: 4914:, and suspended its activities indefinitely. This was in response to an opinion article by columnist Dengdit Ayok, entitled "Let Me Say So", which criticized the president for allowing his daughter to marry an Ethiopian national, and accused him of "staining his patriotism". An official letter accused the newspaper of breaking "the media code of conduct and professional ethics", and of publishing "illicit news" that was defamatory, inciting, and invading the privacy of personalities. The 3975: 54: 2107: 1972: 3730:, defined as a protected well, standpipe or a handpump within one kilometre. The few existing piped water supply systems are often not well maintained and the water they provide is often not safe to drink. Displaced people returning home put a huge strain on infrastructure, and the government institutions in charge of the sector are weak. Substantial external funding from numerous government agencies and non-governmental organizations is available to improve water supply. 3557: 3824: 695: 2467: 14344: 14356: 2304: 4960: 4516:, observed that while more than half the population of South Sudan is Christian, "Christianity is often no more than skin deep" and "hasn't grown roots in the life of the population". Many religious organizations function as a source of stability, community, humanitarian aid, and refuge in the absence of government institutions, with Christian and Muslim religious leaders actively involved in peacebuilding and socioeconomic development. 1783: 3329: 4754: 3816: 2235: 1398:; Britain and France almost went to war over the region. Britain then treated South Sudan as a distinct entity with a different stage of development than the North. This policy was legalized in 1930 by the announcement of the Southern Policy. In 1946, without consulting Southern opinion, the British administration reversed its Southern Policy and began instead to implement a policy of uniting the North and the South. 672: 653: 620: 601: 4357: 4495: 1664:. Although both men have supporters from across South Sudan's ethnic divides, subsequent fighting has been communal, with rebels targeting members of Kiir's Dinka ethnic group and government soldiers attacking Nuers. More than 4 million people have been displaced, with about 1.8 million of those internally displaced, and about 2.5 million having fled to neighbouring countries, especially Uganda and Sudan. 3965: 720: 13033: 4665:(OCHA) managed to ensure sufficient funding to bring relief to the local populations. Along with recovery and development aid, humanitarian projects were included in the 2007 Work Plan of the United Nations and partners. More than 90% of the population of South Sudan live on less than $ 1 a day, despite the GDP per capita of the entirety of Sudan being $ 1200 ($ 3.29/day). 3011:

deposit was directed to an Emirati bank account, of which 70% were allocated to infrastructure facilities. As per the agreement, South Sudan was to repay by the means of oil shipments, priced at $ 10 per barrel less than its market value. Additional oil shipments were agreed in case of decrease in oil prices. The agreement took no account of the Sudan war.

1632:(SPLM) and warned of monumental repercussions unless the ruling elites restored the founding principles of the party. Duop also berated the ruling party, arguing that the party has replaced its founding principles with "forgotten promises and deceptions". In December 2013, a political power struggle broke out between President Kiir and his former deputy 5419:(PDF; 301 kB), Pages 798–802, III Congresso Coordinamento Universitario per la Cooperazione allo Sviluppo, Sep 2013, Turin, Italy. JUNCO, Journal of Universities and International Development Cooperation, 2014, Imagining Cultures of Cooperation – Proceedings of the III CUCS Congress, Turin 19–21 September 2013, Retrieved 9 September 2018 4190:, being constitutionally enshrined as the "official working language" of government and the "language of instruction at all levels of education". English had been the principal language of what is now South Sudan since 1972, serving as the common medium for administrative purposes. However, few South Sudanese speak it as a first language. 1987:(Kew, Surrey, UK) in 1955. The list, of 383 species in 175 genera, included all fungi observed within the then boundaries of the country. Many of those records relate to what is now South Sudan. Most of the species recorded were associated with diseases of crops. The true number of species of fungi in South Sudan is probably much higher. 1968:, whose magnificent migrations were legendary before the civil war. The Boma-Jonglei Landscape region encompasses Boma National Park, broad pasturelands and floodplains, Bandingilo National Park, and the Sudd, a vast area of swamp and seasonally flooded grasslands that includes the Zeraf Wildlife Reserve. 4889:

is South Sudan's largest newspaper, but poor infrastructure and poverty have kept its staff relatively small and limited the efficiency of both its reporting and its circulation outside of Juba, with no dedicated news bureaus in outlying states and newspapers often taking several days to reach states

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On 1 October 2019, the South Sudan Library Foundation opened South Sudan's first public library, the Juba Public Peace Library in Gudele 2. The library currently employs a staff of over 40 volunteers and maintains a collection of over 13,000 books. The South Sudan Library Foundation was co-founded by

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Although the internal conflicts that precipitated Sudan's partition have been characterized as between Muslims and Christians, some scholars reject this notion, claiming Muslim and Christian sides sometimes overlapped. Muslims are relatively well integrated into South Sudanese society and represented

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beliefs remain widespread among the population regardless of religious affiliation. Additionally, each ethnic group has its own traditional belief system, all of which share a concept of a higher spirit or divinity, generally a creator god. Traditional African cosmology divides the universe between a

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The "Fifth Population and Housing Census of Sudan", for Sudan as a whole, was conducted in April 2008. The census counted the Southern Sudan population at 8.26 million; however, Southern Sudanese officials rejected the census results of Southern Sudan because "the central bureau of statistics in

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South Sudan's Minister of Foreign Affairs, Barnaba Marial Benjamin, claimed publicly in October 2015 that, following unpublished evaluations and meetings of a special technical committee in May, June, August, September and October, the committee has recommended that South Sudan be allowed to join the

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In December 2012, Tanzania officially agreed to South Sudan's bid to join the EAC, clearing the way for the world's newest state to become the regional bloc's sixth member. In May 2013, the EAC set aside $ 82,000 for the admission process. Starting after the EAC Council of Ministers meeting in August

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to transport oil through the pipeline to the oil terminal at Port Sudan. With production of around 30,000 barrels per day, this was costing over a million dollars per day. In January 2012, South Sudan suspended oil production, causing a dramatic reduction in revenue and food costs to rise by 120%. In

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In the run up to independence, northern negotiators reportedly pressed for a deal maintaining the 50–50 split of oil revenues, while the South Sudanese were holding out for more favourable terms. Oil revenues constitute more than 98% of the government of South Sudan's budget according to the southern

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reported, "South Sudan is in many ways an American creation, carved out of war-torn Sudan in a referendum largely orchestrated by the United States, its fragile institutions nurtured with billions of dollars in American aid." The U.S. government's long-standing sanctions against Sudan were officially

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In terms of South Sudan's external debt, Sudan and South Sudan maintain a shared debt of approximately US$ 38 billion, all of which has accumulated throughout the past five decades. Though a small portion of this debt is owed to such international institutions as the World Bank and the International

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British colonial policy in Sudan had a long history of emphasizing the development of the Arab north and largely ignoring the Black African south, which lacked schools, hospitals, roads, bridges, and other basic infrastructure. After Sudan's first independent elections in 1958, the continued neglect

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Due to the many years of civil war, South Sudan's culture is heavily influenced by its neighbours. Many South Sudanese fled to Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda where they interacted with the nationals and learned their languages and culture. Most of those who remained in Sudan until or after independence

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were scheduled for 2023 by the peace agreement that ended the war officially, but the transitional government and opposition agreed in 2022 to move them to late 2024 instead. In September 2024, Kiir's office announced that the elections would be postponed an additional two years, to December 2026.

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and were subsequently broken. A peace agreement was signed in Ethiopia under threat of United Nations sanctions for both sides in August 2015. Machar returned to Juba in 2016 and was appointed vice president. Following a second breakout of violence in Juba, Machar was replaced as vice-president and

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In 2015, Salva Kiir threatened to kill journalists who reported "against the country". Work conditions have become terrible for journalists, and many have left the country, such as documentarian Ochan Hannington. In August 2015, after journalist Peter Moi was killed in a targeted attack, being the

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The Paris Club refers to an informal group of financial officials from 19 of the world's most influential economies, including such member nations as the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France and Canada, while non-Paris Club bilateral creditors refers to any entity that does not enjoy

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South Sudan has a tropical climate, characterized by a rainy season of high humidity and large amounts of rainfall followed by a drier season. The temperature on average is always high with July being the coolest month with average temperatures falling between 20 and 30 °C (68 and 86 °F)

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In October 2015, South Sudan's President Salva Kiir issued a decree establishing 28 states in place of the 10 constitutionally established states. The decree established the new states largely along ethnic lines. A number of opposition parties and civil society challenged the constitutionality of

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allegedly had plans to relocate the capital there before his death in 2005. The proposal was supported by the Lakes state government and at least one Ramciel tribal chief. The design, planning, and construction of the city will likely take as many as five years, government ministers said, and the

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The UAE lent South Sudan $ 12 billion for a period of 20 years. The loan agreement was signed between South Sudan and an Emirati firm owned by Hamad bin Khalifa Al Nahyan, the sources of whose wealth and investments have been suspicions during the failed takeover of Beitar Jerusalem FC. The loan

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On the 5th of September 2013, an article written by analyst Duop Chak Wuol was published by the US-based South Sudan News Agency (SSNA). The writer raised critical questions surrounding what he described as the rise of autocracy within the top leadership of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement

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Many southern Sudanese were also said to have been uncounted "due to bad weather, poor communication and transport networks, and some areas were unreachable, while many southern Sudanese remained in exile in neighbouring countries, leading to 'unacceptable results', according southern Sudanese

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In addition, President Kiir "suspected figures were being deflated in some regions and inflated in others, and that made the final tally 'unacceptable'." He claimed that the Southern Sudanese population actually constituted one-third of that of Sudan, though the census showed it to be only 22%.

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is also becoming popular in South Sudan, and there are many initiatives by the Government of South Sudan and other partners to promote the sport and improve the level of play. One of these initiatives is South Sudan Youth Sports Association (SSYSA). SSYSA is already holding football clinics in

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was held to determine whether South Sudan should become an independent country, separate from Sudan. Following that, 98.83% of those who took part in the referendum voted for separation or independence. And on 23 January 2011, members of a steering committee on post-independence governing told

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quoted a South Sudanese MP as saying that while his government was eager to join the EAC, it would likely delay its membership over concerns that its economy was not sufficiently developed to compete with EAC member states and could become a "dumping ground" for Kenyan, Tanzanian, and Ugandan

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The most rainfall is seen between May and October, but the rainy season can commence in April and extend until November. On average May is the wettest month. The season is "influenced by the annual shift of the Inter-Tropical Zone" and the shift to southerly and southwesterly winds leading to

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In 2011 it was reported that South Sudan was at war with at least seven armed groups in 9 of its 10 states, with tens of thousands displaced. The fighters accuse the government of plotting to stay in power indefinitely, not fairly representing and supporting all tribal groups while neglecting

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On 22 December 2017, at the conclusion of a 12-day visit to the region, the Commission on Human Rights in South Sudan said, "Four years following the start of the current conflict in South Sudan, gross human rights violations continue to be committed in a widespread way by all parties to the

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Many traditional and modern games and sports are popular in South Sudan, particularly wrestling and mock battles. The traditional sports were mainly played after the harvest seasons to celebrate the harvests and finish the farming seasons. During the matches, they smeared themselves with

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In 2006, President Kiir announced that his government would do everything possible to protect and propagate South Sudanese fauna and flora, and seek to reduce the effects of wildfires, waste dumping, and water pollution. The environment is threatened by the development of the economy and

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claim fingernails being torn out, burning plastic bags dripped on children to make their parents hand over weapons, and villagers burned alive in their huts if it was suspected that rebels had spent the night there. In May 2011, the SPLA allegedly set fire to over 7,000 homes in

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in government; Muslim religious leaders are present in all major political ceremonies as well as peace negotiations. Islamic private schools are maintained with little government involvement, while many secondary institutions include Islamic theology in their curricula.

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2013, was projected to take at least four years. At the 14th Ordinary Summit held in Nairobi in 2012, EAC heads of state approved the verification report that was presented by the Council of Ministers, then directed it to start the negotiation process with South Sudan.

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he fled the country as the conflict erupted again. Rebel in-fighting has become a major part of the conflict. Rivalry among Dinka factions led by the President and Malong Awan has also led to fighting. In August 2018, another power-sharing agreement came into effect.

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The largest communities of the South Sudanese diaspora are located in North America, Western Europe and Oceania. They can be found in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom and Australia. Small communities exist in France, Italy, Germany, Sweden, and New Zealand.

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in partnership with the semi-autonomous government of Southern Sudan revealed that significant, though diminished wildlife populations still exist, and that, astonishingly, the huge migration of 1.3 million antelopes in the southeast is substantially intact.

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According to the WHO: "The 10 countries with the highest rates of child marriage are: Niger, 75%; Chad and Central African Republic, 68%; Bangladesh, 66%; Guinea, 63%; Mozambique, 56%; Mali, 55%; Burkina Faso and South Sudan, 52%; and Malawi, 50%.

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for over twenty years, from 1983 to 2005. As a result, the country suffered serious neglect, a lack of infrastructure development, and major destruction and displacement. More than 2.5 million people have been killed, and millions more have become

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Monetary Fund (approximately US$ 5.3 billion according to a 2009 report provided by the Bank of Sudan), the bulk of its debt load is actually owed to numerous foreign actors that have provided the nation with financial loans, including the

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language of national identity. Arabic had been recognized as South Sudan's second official language, alongside English, in its 2005 interim constitution, but has no legal status in the current transitional constitution adopted in 2011.

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permanent/associated status as a Paris Club member. Private bilateral creditors (i.e. private commercial banks and private credit suppliers) account for the majority of the remainder (approximately US$ 6 billion of the total debt).

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South Sudan has a population of approximately 11 million and a predominantly rural, subsistence economy. This region has been negatively affected by war for all but 10 of the years since 1956, resulting in serious neglect, lack of

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Activist Achol Jok Mach has spoken out about growing up and growing up in a diaspora community and the effect on her identity, saying: "I was only ever told, 'You are South Sudanese'... It was only much later that I learned I was

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According to the United Nations, there are 8.3 million people in need of humanitarian aid in South Sudan as of January 2021. South Sudan is acknowledged to have some of the worst health indicators in the world. The under-five

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Unlike the previous educational system of the regional Southern Sudan—which was modelled after the system used in the Republic of Sudan since 1990—the current educational system of the Republic of South Sudan follows the

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on 8 July 2011. Several states that participated in the international negotiations concluded with a self-determination referendum were also quick to acknowledge the overwhelming result. The Rationalist process included

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South Sudan has an estimated population of 11 million people in 2023 but, given the lack of a census in several decades, this estimate may be severely distorted. The economy is predominantly rural and relies chiefly on

4672:) decreased its involvement in Southern Sudan, as humanitarian needs gradually diminished, slowly but markedly turning over control to the recovery and development activities of NGOs and community-based organisations. 10200: 3166:

situations in the world". It accused the army and allied militias of allowing fighters to rape women as form of payment for fighting, as well as raid cattle in an agreement of "do what you can, take what you can."

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spanning a variety of ethnic, tribal, and linguistic groups. It is demographically among the youngest nations in the world, with roughly half its people under 18 years old. The majority of inhabitants adhere to

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The South Sudanese diaspora consists of citizens of South Sudan residing abroad. The number of South Sudanese outside South Sudan has sharply increased since the beginning of the struggle for independence from

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upon the independence of South Sudan in 2011, and South Sudan was reportedly an applicant country as of mid-July 2011. Analysts suggested that South Sudan's early efforts to integrate infrastructure, including

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has been assured, should the country's government choose to seek it, though it could also opt for observer status. It was admitted to UNESCO on 3 November 2011. On 25 November 2011, it officially joined the

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Habitats in the country include grasslands, high-altitude plateaus and escarpments, wooded and grassy savannas, floodplains, and wetlands. Associated wildlife species include the endemic white-eared kob and

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claimed that in the absence of a formal media law in the fledgling republic, he and his staff have faced abuse at the hands of security forces. This alleged fettering of media freedom was attributed in an

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The oilfields in South Sudan have been significant to the economy since the latter part of the 20th century. In 2023, oil constitutes more than 90% of state revenues. The country has the third-largest

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rose to power over the rest of Azande society, a domination that continued into the 20th century. British policies favouring Christian missionaries, such as the Closed District Ordinance of 1922 (see

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Prieto, Fernando (18 November 2014), "Did the US act as a 'defensive-positionalist' power and was it primary moved by local and regional stability concerns when it recognized South Sudan in 2011?",

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this decree and Kiir later resolved to take it to parliament for approval as a constitutional amendment. In November the South Sudanese parliament empowered President Kiir to create new states.

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The Transitional Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan, Part One, 6(1): "All indigenous languages of South Sudan are national languages and shall be respected, developed and promoted".

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2011, that dual citizenship in the North and the South would be allowed, but upon the independence of South Sudan he retracted the offer. He has also suggested an EU-style confederation.

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curtailed the spread of Islam to the south, thus allowing the southern tribes to retain much of their social and cultural heritage, as well as their political and religious institutions.

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in 2011 on whether to join South Sudan or remain part of the Republic of Sudan, but in May 2011, the Sudanese military seized Abyei, and it is not clear if the referendum will be held.

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in 2019, the government has moved to adopt Swahili into the official curricula at primary school. Nevertheless, South Sudan submitted an application to join the Arab League as a

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Under the terms of a peace agreement signed on 22 February 2020, South Sudan is divided into 10 states, two administrative areas and one area with special administrative status.

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visible material realm and an invisible heavenly realm, which is populated by spiritual beings that serve as intermediaries or messengers of a higher power; in the case of the

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Area, a small region of Sudan bordering on the South Sudanese states of Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Warrap, and Bentiu, was given special administrative status as a result of the

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On 4 April 2012, plans were unveiled to launch a South Sudanese national airline, primarily for domestic service at first but eventually expanding to international service.

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West Africa may be taken as the country stretching from Senegal in the West to the Cameroons in the East; sometimes it has been called the central and western Sudan, the

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The Dinka is the largest, the Nuer the second-largest, the Zande the third-largest, and the Bari the fourth-largest of South Sudan's ethnic groups. They are found in the

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reporters that upon independence the land would be named the Republic of South Sudan "out of familiarity and convenience". Other names that had been considered were

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turned musician, received good airplay and album reviews in the UK and has also been sought out for the lecture circuit with major talks at popular talkfests like

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Matthew LeRiche, Matthew Arnold. South Sudan: from revolution to independence. 2012. Ethnic Groups and Flashpoints. p. xv. Columbia University Press. New York.

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on 10 July 2011 in Juba as part of independence celebrations, scoring early but losing 1–3 to the more experienced team. Famous South Sudanese footballers are

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According to various nongovernmental sources, in 2020, the majority of the population (60.5%) was Christian, (42.5%)Gundeng/Dengtaath followed by adherents of

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conflict, in which civilians are bearing the brunt." The Commission on Human Rights in South Sudan was established by the Human Rights Council in March 2016.

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Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages".

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In September 2011, a spokesman for the government said the country's political leaders had accepted a proposal to build a new capital at Ramciel, a place in

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government's Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning and this has amounted to more than $ 8 billion in revenue since the signing of the peace agreement.

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Konyokonyo and Muniki areas of Juba in which young boys are coached. In recognition of these efforts with youth football, the country recently hosted the

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of the 1880s destabilized the nascent province, and Equatoria ceased to exist as an Egyptian outpost in 1889. Important settlements in Equatoria included

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had voiced concerns over media freedoms in South Sudan in September. The NSS released the journalists without charge after having held them for 18 days.

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for local governments, national commerce, and in urban areas. It is spoken by approximately 1.45 million people, of whom only 250,000 speak it natively.

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Despite the official cessation of the civil war, violence between armed militia groups at the community level has continued in the country; according to

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authorities." The chief American technical adviser for the census in the south said that the census-takers probably reached only 89% of the population.

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was blocking food deliveries to some areas. Furthermore, UNICEF warned that more than 1 million children in South Sudan were subjected to malnutrition.

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The UN reports many of these violations and the frustrated director of one Juba-based international aid agency calls them "human rights abuses off the

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announced a dissolution of Parliament as part of a 2018 peace deal to set up a new legislative body that will number 550 lawmakers. According to 2023

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in the South Sudan is poorly documented but the prevalence is believed around 3.1%. According to a 2013 study, South Sudan "probably has the highest

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system is the defining physical feature of the country, running south to north across its center, which is dominated by a large swamp known as the

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Many music artists from South Sudan use English, Swahili, Juba Arabic, their native African language or a mix of all. Popular artists like Barbz,

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staff went missing. The government declared the area a disaster zone and took control from local authorities. South Sudan has a very high rate of

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Pasquale, Harriet; Jarvese, Martina; Julla, Ahmed; Doggale, Constantino; Sebit, Bakhit; Lual, Mark Y.; Baba, Samson P.; Chanda, Emmanuel (2013).

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A team was formed to assess South Sudan's bid; however, in April 2014, the nation requested a delay in the admissions process, presumably due to

2638: 933: 913:. South Sudan's diverse landscape includes vast plains and plateaus, dry and tropical savannahs, inland floodplains, and forested mountains. The 505: 12821: 10975: 9101: 7332: 6687: 5931: 5514: 5207: 11357: 11153: 11052: 9612: 8704: 8458: 7820: 4138: 3692:, which have unpaved runways. Several smaller airports exist throughout South Sudan, the majority consisting of little more than dirt runways. 949: 11548: 8966: 6358: 5680: 13823: 12573: 10890: 10863: 10522: 7358: 6770: 5974: 4338:, and we speak a special kind of Arabic known as Juba Arabic. Sudan supports South Sudan's request to join the Arab League. Juba Arabic is a 2945: 1438:. Around 2005, the economy began a transition from this rural dominance, and urban areas within South Sudan have seen extensive development. 1051: 973: 676: 10921: 10846: 5628: 1637: 14442: 14202: 13361: 12762: 9859: 8904: 8764: 7794: 7741: 7582: 6459: 2174: 2007: 1158:, brought the Anyuak, Dinka, Nuer, and Shilluk to their modern locations in Bahr El Ghazal and the Upper Nile Region, while the Acholi and 1043: 969: 731: 492: 9193: 7652: 5602: 5390: 14432: 14382: 13427: 12621: 7918: 7313: 5732: 3853: 1459: 465: 400: 13267: 12945: 12886: 12517: 12380: 11236: 6930: 2876:

in the lead-up to South Sudan's secession. Israel quickly recognized South Sudan as an independent country, and is host to thousands of

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of communication. There is a severe shortage of English teachers and English-speaking teachers in the scientific and technical fields.

2977: 1649: 1572: 1418: 1035: 533: 12843: 9725: 8682: 14437: 11784: 9385:"OHCHR – UN human rights experts call for perpetrators of widespread human rights violations to be brought to justice in South Sudan" 8988: 8820: 988: 624: 12406: 9328: 9223: 8552: 8151: 8116: 5412: 6564: 3493: 3062:

Campaigns of atrocities against civilians have been attributed to the SPLA. In the SPLA/M's attempt to disarm rebellions among the

1534: 12320: 12188: 10867: 8549:"IMF Receives Membership Application from South Sudan, Seeks Contributions to Technical Assistance Trust Fund to Help New Country" 7443:"Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material" 7209: 6996: 14138: 10675: 9920: 5129: 3416: 3361: 961: 12975: 12156: 10950: 10136: 7187: 6221:

Matthew LeRiche, Matthew Arnold. South Sudan: from revolution to independence. 2012. Columbia University Press. New York. p. 16

6052: 13562: 11005: 10461: 9574: 9133: 8944: 8845: 8730: 8068: 8038: 6743: 5387:

A new state, an old language policy, and a pidgin-creolo: Juba Arabic in South Sudan, Forthcoming: Sociolinguistic Studies 2016

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of 2005, humanitarian needs in Southern Sudan were massive. However, humanitarian organizations under the leadership of the UN

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tribe on the face of the earth as the only solution to guarantee long-term security of Nuer's cattle" and activists, including

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government led to uprisings, revolts, and the longest civil war on the continent. People affected by the violence included the

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signed in 2005. Following the independence of South Sudan in 2011, Abyei is considered to be simultaneously part of both the

1983:

Little is known of the fungi of South Sudan. A list of fungi in Sudan was prepared by S. A. J. Tarr and published by the then

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still remains disputed and a separate referendum will be held in Abyei on whether they want to join Sudan or South Sudan. The

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has faced in reforming itself as a legitimate government after years of leading a rebellion against the Sudanese government.

4528:, these spirits are identified with ancestors. The supreme deity is worshipped through rituals that utilize music and dance. 4394:

to take into account religion was in 1956, where a majority of people were classified as adherents of traditional beliefs or

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youth football competitions. Barely a month earlier, it had also hosted the larger East African Schools Sports tournaments.

1690:, Chair of the Commission of Human Rights in Sudan, the level of violence "far exceeds the violence between 2013 and 2019". 12657: 11818:"Southern Sudan has unique combination of worst diseases in the world — Sudan Tribune: Plural news and views on Sudan" 11175: 9751: 8648: 7772: 6908: 6856: 6830: 5569: 5079: 3836:

refused to share the national Sudan raw census data with the southern Sudan centre for census, statistics and evaluation".

3383: 1748:

said that 40% of the population of South Sudan, 4.9 million people, need food urgently. U.N. officials said that President

1718: 370: 9635: 8203: 7161: 6519: 6109:

Matthew LeRiche, Matthew Arnold. South Sudan: from revolution to independence. 2012. Columbia University Press. New York.

5849: 4229:(420,000), which are collectively spoken by approximately 60% of the population; other major indigenous languages include 3218:

and the highest maternal mortality and female illiteracy rates in the world as of 2011. South Sudan exports timber to the

9722:"Sudan Debt Dynamics: Status Quo, Southern Secession, Debt Division, and Oil – a Financial Framework for the Future" 8496: 8261:"After Decade-long Delay, Israel's Supreme Court Rules Sudanese Asylum Seekers Must Be Granted Temporary Resident Status" 8144:"So it has been decided that #SouthSudan shall revert to 10 states plus Abyei, Pibor and Ruweng Administrative Areas.â€Ś" 6489: 5754: 4709:

is common in the country, and South Sudan's laws and policies have been criticized as inadequate in offering protection.

3646: 3111: 2170: 2115: 1402: 1262: 1179: 1023: 12342: 10819: 10167:"COMMUNIQUÉ: SIGNING CEREMONY OF THE TREATY OF ACCESSION OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH SUDAN INTO THE EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY" 5706: 5290: 4717: 14427: 14387: 13557: 12130: 10548: 8526: 8008: 6290: 4988: 4296:

spoken primarily in East Africa, has been proposed as a second official language. In 2011, South Sudan's ambassador to

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development, and major destruction and displacement. More than 2 million people have died, and more than 4 million are

3171:

claimed the army suffocated more than 60 people accused of supporting the opposition to death in a shipping container.

2274:, Australia; among other modern-era planned national capitals. It is unclear how the government will fund the project. 1984: 1507: 657: 435: 137: 12844:""Sudans Post" gets blocked after receiving personal threats from NSS – transcript revealed – Qurium Media Foundation" 9384: 4910:

On 1 November 2011, South Sudan's National Security Services (NSS) arrested the editor of a private Juba-based daily,

2258:

to serve as the seat of government. It is planned that the capital city will be changed to the more centrally located

1150:(Arabic Feroghe), and others—first entered South Sudan sometime before the tenth century, coinciding with the fall of 13816: 13618: 13474: 12463: 11668: 11379: 9671: 8406: 5996: 4992: 4484: 2803: 2196: 2187:, one of the founders of the SPLA/M, was the president of the autonomous government until his death on 30 July 2005. 1822: 13005: 12788: 11928: 10286: 6533: 4686:

states in mid-2011, though the state governments of both denied hunger there was severe enough to cause fatalities.

3793: 2700:

The states and administrative areas are once again grouped into the three former historical provinces of the Sudan;

1964:, cape buffalo, and topi (locally called tiang). Little is known about the white-eared kob and tiang, both types of 14149: 13907: 13608: 13530: 13354: 12103: 10629: 9515: 5658: 5313: 5176: 4915: 4323: 3302: 2832: 2192: 2178: 1992: 1703: 1410: 898: 787: 782: 10361:"World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" 5902: 3785: 3336:

It is estimated that South Sudan has around 4 times the oil deposits of Sudan. The oil revenues, according to the

67: 14402: 14397: 13647: 12250: 10821:

The impact of language policy and practice on children's learning: Evidence from Eastern and Southern Africa 2016

9837: 8436: 7608: 5292:

The impact of language policy and practice on children's learning: Evidence from Eastern and Southern Africa 2016

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recognized South Sudan as an independent country, after a massive crowdsourcing mapping initiative was launched.

1446: 1218: 450: 20: 7688: 2664:

On 14 January 2017 another four states were created; Central Rol Naath, Northern Rol Naath, Tumbura and Maiwut.

991:

by various parties. It has since been governed by a coalition formed by leaders of the former warring factions,

13757: 13437: 13057: 10312: 9490: 8790: 5091: 4427: 4417: 4360: 3658: 1804: 1744:, with the warning that it could spread rapidly without further action. Over 100,000 people were affected. The 1594: 1496: 1000: 605: 12595: 9039: 9006: 2049:

and March being the warmest month with average temperatures ranging from 23 to 37 °C (73 to 98 °F).

14422: 13659: 13572: 13484: 13479: 13469: 13422: 9452: 7978: 5956:"South Sudan admitted into EAC", Daily Nation, 2 March 2016, reprinted at nation.co.ke, accessed 4 March 2016 5880: 4698: 4658: 4606: 4406: 3950: 3756: 3642: 3588: 3425: 3337: 2455: 2443: 1936: 1680: 1455: 1016: 957: 806: 385: 307: 14053: 11202: 6597: 5846:"'Children's crisis' in South Sudan must be addressed, says top UN official calling for real accountability" 3723:

runs through the country, water is scarce during the dry season in areas that are not located on the river.

3545:, the river requires a channel to make it navigable. During part of the year the rivers are navigable up to 1660:

About 400,000 people are estimated to have been killed in the war, including notable atrocities such as the

14392: 13809: 13397: 8293: 4453: 4422: 3638: 3340:(CPA), were split equally for the duration of the agreement period. Since South Sudan relies on pipelines, 3162:

The United Nations rights office has described the situation in the country as "one of the most horrendous

2285:. Ramciel is considered to be the geographical centre of the country, and the late pro-independence leader 2158: 2019: 1800: 1182:, who entered South Sudan in the 16th century, established the region's largest state of Equatoria Region. 772: 12736: 12429: 2341:

Prior to 2015, South Sudan was divided into 10 states, which also correspond to three historical regions:

13732: 13699: 13689: 13664: 13623: 13535: 13520: 13347: 13285: 13233: 13042: 10389: 6238: 5510: 5446: 4498: 3775: 3750: 3716: 3704: 3650: 3387: 3377: 3057: 2953: 2877: 2865: 2119: 1707: 1533:

Inter-ethnic warfare in some cases predates the war of independence and is widespread. In December 2011,

984: 541: 338: 73: 11891: 14417: 13552: 13540: 13310: 9171: 6654: 6317: 6048: 4694: 3710: 3654: 3133: 2011: 1506:

On 9 July 2011, South Sudan became the 54th independent country in Africa (9 July is now celebrated as

758: 12486: 9938: 9079: 8625: 7887: 7257: 13747: 13742: 13525: 13402: 13048: 12815: 8708: 7328: 6128:

Sudan: Darfur and the failure of an African state. 2010. Hobbs the Printers Ltd., Totten, Hampshire.

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seventh journalist killed during the year, South Sudanese journalists held a 24-hour news blackout.

4697:, with thousands of deaths and tens of thousands of South Sudanese being displaced, and hundreds of 13892: 13684: 13669: 13628: 13547: 13515: 13457: 13442: 13392: 11544: 8974: 8466: 7828: 4878: 4558: 4539: 4173: 3616: 3598: 3513: 3462: 2135: 1877: 1772: 1641: 1588: 1414: 980: 945: 910: 520: 415: 281: 12569: 10518: 7354: 4448:

being concentrated in what is today South Sudan. The next largest Christian denominations are the

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of South Sudan is one of the world's most underdeveloped, with South Sudan having little existing

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In July 2019, UN ambassadors of 37 countries, including South Sudan, signed a joint letter to the

53: 13694: 13498: 13447: 10840: 9863: 5624: 4891: 4859: 4813: 4576: 4491:

indigenous beliefs at the start of the 21st century, with Christians remaining a small minority.

4351: 4102: 3905: 3857: 3662: 3612: 3485: 2949: 2723: 2364: 2219: 2077: 2062: 2043: 2015: 1793: 1745: 1731: 1492: 709: 582: 345: 319: 19:

This article is about the sovereign country established in 2011. For similarly named topics, see

13223: 8760: 7798: 7568: 6451: 5220:

Part One, 6(2). "English shall be the official working language in the Republic of South Sudan".

4568:

system (similar to Kenya). Primary education consists of eight years, followed by four years of

3521:

The Nile River provides the major water transport in South Sudan. The White Nile is a navigable

2146:

Day and thereby came into force. It is now the supreme law of the land, superseding the Interim

13781: 13709: 13633: 13598: 13586: 13379: 9197: 7662: 7158:"Violence in South Sudan engulfs country, 10 years after independence 'children all have guns'" 6348: 5728: 5598: 5436: 5385: 5141: 4748: 4742: 4706: 4620:

is the highest in the world at 2,053.9 per 100,000 live births. In 2004, there were only three

4580: 4575:

The primary language at all levels is English, as compared to the Republic of Sudan, where the

4319: 4311: 4194: 4012: 3666: 3473: 3420: 3184: 2965: 2941: 2728: 2369: 1893: 1711: 1699: 1676: 1210: 1113: 1031: 632: 576: 472: 357: 14309: 11232: 13912: 13727: 13679: 13510: 12870: 12631: 12372: 5004: 4600: 4467:

states that "in the early 1990s possibly no more than 10% of southern Sudan's population was

4260: 3955: 3738: 3727: 3168: 2673: 2003: 1869: 1476: 1360: 1328:, Baka, and the small groups in Bahr el Ghazal, due to the expansionist policy of their king 1086:, stretching from Western Africa to eastern Central Africa. The name derives from the Arabic 353: 31: 27: 11498:

Arnold, G (2003). "Book Review: Douglas H. Johnson, The Root Causes of Sudan's Civil Wars".

11321: 8681:. Embassy of the Republic of South Sudan in Washington, D.C. 3 November 2011. Archived from 1552:. The White Army warned it would wipe out the Murle and would also fight South Sudanese and 14447: 13790: 13762: 13752: 13613: 12161: 11149: 9721: 8147: 7454: 7071:"A new report estimates that more than 380,000 people have died in South Sudan's civil war" 6691: 5409:

Language uses vs. language policy: South Sudan and Juba Arabic in the post-independence era

5114: 5110: 5099: 4976: 4954: 4863: 4853: 4729:, with the vast majority, over 209,000, having arrived recently from Sudan, because of the 4513: 4505: 3526: 3489: 2308: 1661: 941: 937: 742: 313: 10668:"South Sudan: States, Major Cities & Towns - Population Statistics in Maps and Charts" 8813: 4459:

Christianity has grown rapidly in the country over the last two decades. Despite European

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would receive a 50% share of all oil revenues. This arrangement was maintained during the

2307:

The ten states of South Sudan prior to 2015, grouped in the three historical provinces of

8: 14170: 14153: 13737: 13603: 11022: 10946: 8548: 6965: 5407: 4569: 4546: 4542: 4464: 4383: 4179: 3403:(over US$ 11 billion) and also non-Paris Club bilateral creditors (over US$ 13 billion). 3353: 3074:

hundreds of women and girls and killed an untold number of civilians. Civilians alleging

2678: 2529: 2494: 2223: 2188: 2154: 2139: 2091: 1848: 1749: 1668: 1624: 1579:. South Sudan withdrew on 20 March, and the Sudanese Army entered Heglig two days later. 1435: 1194: 992: 764: 376: 59: 13068:

The Independence of South Sudan: The Role of Mass Media in the Responsibility to Prevent

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claimed that one-quarter of the population of present-day South Sudan practiced various

3733:

Numerous non-governmental organizations support water supply in Southern Sudan, such as

999:. The country continues to recover from the war while experiencing ongoing and systemic 13722: 13228: 13184: 12316: 12196: 12076: 12051: 11986: 11959: 11873: 11848: 11545:"New bishop in South Sudan: "We must get back on our feet and give hope to the people"" 9541: 9219: 9043: 7821:"South Sudan to establish a new capital city and relocate from Juba after independence" 7573: 7485: 7442: 6658: 6537: 6353: 6192: 6083: 5441: 5352: 4644: 4617: 4210: 4097: 3761: 3518:

Road transport is the most common and cheapest means of transport used in the country.

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and oil pipelines, with systems in Kenya and Uganda indicated intention on the part of

3322: 2846: 2334: 2166: 1885: 1856: 1852: 1844: 1214: 882: 13801: 12050:

Hopkins, DR; Ruiz-Tiben, E; Weiss, A; Withers, PC; Eberhard, ML; Roy, SL (July 2013).

12027: 12010: 11694:"The Christian Times – First public library opens in South Sudan, advocates for peace" 6021: 5124:

On 2 August at the 128th IOC Session, South Sudan was granted full recognition of its

14355: 13928: 13717: 13276:

Photographer's Account of South Sudan – "The Cost of Silence: A Traveling Exhibition"

13261: 13139: 13122: 13112: 13093: 13071: 12967: 12876: 12166: 12127:"Support freedom for Southern Sudan and fight for workers' unity against imperialism" 12081: 12032: 11991: 11478: 11453: 11176:"U.S. State Dept 2022 report (citing Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project)" 10795: 10635: 9421: 8787:"Doing Business in South Sudan | Embassy of the United States Juba, South Sudan" 7704: 7630: 7513: 7490: 7472: 7183: 6222: 6145: 6129: 6110: 6090: 6074: 6044: 5356: 5344: 4926: 4584: 4256: 4238: 4198: 4187: 4183: 4120: 4079: 4066: 4048: 3994: 3974: 3546: 3429: 2767: 2757: 2752: 2447: 2408: 2398: 2393: 2247: 1928: 1510:, a national holiday) and since 14 July 2011, South Sudan is the 193rd member of the 1206: 1198: 965: 212: 95: 11000: 10922:"S. Sudan to adopt Swahili as official language, seeks Tanzania's help – Africanews" 10453: 10424:"S. Sudan Census Bureau Releases Official Results Amidst Ongoing Census Controversy" 8934: 8060: 8030: 7710:

Verfassung und Recht in Übersee / Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America

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In August 2017, a 26-year-old American journalist, Christopher Allen, was killed in

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in March 2016, and formally acceded with the signature of the treaty in April 2016.

119:

South Sudan in dark green, territory claimed but not fully controlled in light green

13296: 13275: 13248: 13153: 12490: 12071: 12063: 12022: 11981: 11971: 11868: 11860: 11817: 11419: 11280: 11101:

The Religious Landscape in South Sudan: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENGAGEMENT

11074: 8814:"Republic of South Sudan: Opportunities and Challenges for Africa's Newest Country" 8345: 8177: 8143: 7850: 7717: 7480: 7462: 7384: 7044: 6800: 6717: 6406: 6380: 5536: 5336: 5328: 5024: 4841: 4785: 4776:

Most South Sudanese value knowing one's tribal origin, its traditional culture and

4613: 4301: 4289: 4151: 4061: 4007: 3979: 3604: 3561: 3550: 3227: 3219: 3026: 1920: 1916: 1405:

since Sudanese independence: from 1955 to 1972, the Sudanese government fought the

1391: 1351:, first attempted to control the region in the 1870s, establishing the province of 1348: 836: 684: 406: 276: 172: 12908: 11729:"Instilling a culture of reading; South Sudan looks forward to new public library" 10853:(PDF; 484 kB), Part One, Page. 3–4, No. 6 (1), (2), retrieved 6 May 2017 10667: 10051:"allAfrica.com: East Africa: EAC to Decide On South Sudan Admission by April 2014" 7411: 6180: 5681:"South Sudan joins list of least developed countries, bringing global total to 49" 5265: 4941:

had been blocked by the government without formal notice. In June 2020, access to

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might be introduced to the population to improve the country's relations with its

1693: 14348: 14257: 13844: 13239: 12653: 12303:

United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women)

12256: 11009: 10984: 10971: 10959: 10850: 10828: 10110: 10050: 9799: 9640: 9605:"Oil-Rich South Sudan Has Hours To Choose Between North Sudan, China and the U.S" 9522: 9302: 9276: 7722: 7283: 7100: 6904: 6852: 6438: 6431: 6125: 5784: 5416: 5394: 5299: 5274: 5132:

with three athletes in track and field. No medals were won during this Olympics.

4930: 4770: 4689:

In Pibor County located in the Jonglei State, in December 2011 and January 2012,

4525: 4445: 4413: 4327: 4293: 4278: 4268: 3741:, the Obakki Foundation and Bridgton-Lake Region Rotary Club from North America. 3673: 3534: 3349: 3099: 2586: 1909: 1538: 1468: 1154:. From the 15th to the 19th century, tribal migrations, largely from the area of 1007: 421: 233: 11960:"Malaria control in South Sudan, 2006–2013: strategies, progress and challenges" 9695:"A Greek Tragedy is Sudan's Woe: Sudan Must be Relieved of Foreign Debt Quickly" 8656: 7768: 7653:"South Sudan passes interim constitution amid concerns over presidential powers" 2290:

move of national institutions to the new capital will be implemented in stages.

2034: 1390:. European colonial manoeuvrings in the region came to a head in 1898, when the 14294: 14278: 11520:. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. 22 March 2011. Archived from 8207: 7467: 7157: 5845: 5650: 5071: 5016: 4702: 4690: 4651: 4536: 4375: 4331: 4246: 4242: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4206: 3893: 3885: 3771: 3734: 3685: 3681: 3301:

Other than natural resources-based companies, other such organisations include

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The United States supported the 2011 referendum on South Sudan's independence.

2964:. Some international trade organizations categorize South Sudan as part of the 2926: 2849: 2738: 2694: 2643: 2633: 2581: 2379: 2099: 1568: 1511: 1500: 1371: 1337: 1325: 1258: 1242: 1151: 1143: 1079: 271: 261: 241: 222: 217: 202: 187: 10771: 6481: 5702: 5625:"New country, new number: Country code 211 officially assigned to South Sudan" 4866:

and allow journalists unrestricted access in the country, the chief editor of

1835: 1332:, in the 18th century. In the 19th century, the Azande fought the French, the 14376: 14360: 13968: 13325: 13312: 13126: 13061: 13037: 12626: 11976: 11864: 11445: 10996: 10799: 10488:"South Sudanese officials decry 'unfortunate' announcement of census results" 9425: 9106: 9074: 8939: 7657: 7476: 6826: 5348: 5032: 5028: 4934: 4837: 4833: 4801: 4757: 4730: 4339: 4326:

on 25 March 2014, which is still pending. In an interview with the newspaper

4306: 4273: 4234: 4218: 4214: 4156: 3689: 3380:

became South Sudan's first locally owned and run petroleum drilling company.

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oil fields in lands claimed by both Sudan and South Sudan in the province of

1515: 1375: 1341: 1321: 1302: 1286: 1266: 1147: 1135: 1027: 799: 256: 246: 207: 197: 192: 152: 139: 13206: 4304:

would be introduced in South Sudan with the goal of supplanting Arabic as a

3684:, also with weekly flights to Khartoum. Southern Sudan Airlines also serves 2470:

The 32 states of South Sudan, after the addition of four more states in 2017

14078: 14068: 13872: 12459: 12085: 12036: 11995: 11785:"South Sudan Humanitarian Needs Overview 2021 (January 2021) – South Sudan" 10977:

Foreign Minister of South Sudan: We Are Considering Joining the Arab League

8850: 7494: 7236:"South Sudan postpones long-delayed election by two years, presidency says" 6089:. Area handbook series. Washington, D.C.: GPO for the Library of Congress. 5020: 4829: 4379: 3924: 3873: 3869: 3634: 3576: 3441: 3341: 3318: 3163: 3107: 3067: 3045: 2897: 2857: 2838: 2658: 2628: 2566: 2546: 2255: 2147: 2143: 2131: 2123: 2106: 1971: 1949: 1687: 1599: 1549: 1356: 1317: 1306: 1282: 1250: 1171: 1167: 1123: 1101: 1055: 1012: 926: 301: 266: 13054: 12067: 11521: 11383: 10631:

First Raise a Flag: How South Sudan Won the Longest War But Lost the Peace

9667: 8877: 8402: 7510:

Terrestrial Ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: A Conservation Assessment

5054:. Other leading international basketball players from South Sudan include 4545:, a Roman Catholic, said that South Sudan would be a nation that respects 4193:

The majority of languages spoken in South Sudan are classified within the

3556: 3094:

issued a warning that "over the next five years ... a new mass killing or

1719:

first democratic elections in South Sudan since the start of the civil war

1702:

on 15 April 2016 and became a full member on 15 August 2016. South Sudan,

14252: 13973: 13070:, Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2014. pp. $ 38.99 (paper), 12997: 12099: 6565:"Google Maps officially recognises South Sudan as an independent country" 5106: 5059: 5008: 4942: 4789: 4766: 4364: 4315: 4264: 4186:" that "shall be respected, developed and promoted". English is the sole 3964: 3889: 3877: 3823: 3677: 3295: 3144: 3080: 2981: 2972: 2690: 2608: 2556: 2541: 2484: 2286: 2251: 2200: 2184: 1953: 1945: 1741: 1672: 1633: 1545: 1542: 1519: 1472: 1313: 1290: 1278: 1270: 1238: 1159: 1139: 1131: 1059: 996: 886: 459: 444: 391: 251: 13211: 11233:"Global Religious Landscape Table — Percent of Population&nbsp" 10788:"Voice of a nation: How Juba Arabic helps bridge a factious South Sudan" 10282: 9246:"Here are the 10 countries where homosexuality may be punished by death" 6514:

African Union Welcomes South Sudan as the 54th Member State of the Union

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has also been cited as a serious problem in the country. In April 2014,

3025:

A Defence paper was initiated in 2007 by then Minister for SPLA Affairs

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mean score of 9.45/10, ranking it fourth globally out of 172 countries.

1863:

passes through the country, passing by Juba. The Sudd is formed by the

14159: 14063: 14028: 14013: 13998: 13953: 13887: 13339: 11322:"How many Anglicans are there in the Anglican Church in North America?" 10891:"S. Sudan to adopt Swahili as official language, seeks Tanzania's help" 9800:"South Sudan: Rwanda Hopeful of South's Strategic Link to North Africa" 9070:"SPLA set fire to over 7,000 homes in Unity says Mayom county official" 7604: 5332: 5314:"Juba Arabic (Árabi Júba): a "less indigenous" language of South Sudan" 5261: 5095: 5075: 5067: 5055: 5036: 5012: 4825: 4480: 4468: 4460: 4431: 4395: 4335: 4263:

family, is the most widely spoken language. The most common variety is

3801:-funded Southern Sudan Interactive Radio Instruction project, July 2010 3720: 3447: 3400: 3345: 3279: 3203: 2961: 2648: 2598: 2514: 2489: 2215: 2053:

slightly lower temperatures, higher humidity, and more cloud coverage.

1897: 1864: 1860: 1807: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1480: 1364: 1222: 350: 323: 14236: 12430:"Emmanuel Jal uses music as therapy | Music | Entertainment" 8575:"World Bank Group Congratulates People of South Sudan on Independence" 5627:(Press release). International Telecommunication Union. 14 July 2011. 5050:

star in the United States; at the international level, he represented

4898:

was established as the country's first dedicated online news website.

3371:

After independence, South Sudan objected to Sudan charging US$ 34 per

2169:, and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. It also establishes the 1896:

near the border with Congo, provided habitat for large populations of

14018: 12763:"South Sudan president downplays refugee crisis, blames social media" 12011:"Dracunculiasis eradication—finishing the job before surprises arise" 5043: 5000: 4964: 4805: 4629: 4487:, stated that a majority of southern Sudanese maintained traditional 4442: 3572: 3451: 3306: 3291: 3275: 3271: 3231: 3156: 2957: 2745: 2705: 2524: 2509: 2504: 2386: 2346: 2325: 1999: 1379: 1352: 1312:

The Azande have had good relations with their neighbours, namely the

1163: 13178:"No One to Intervene: Gaps in Civilian Protection in Southern Sudan" 10707:"The Transitional Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan, 2011" 8905:"Opinion: How the UAE's mafia-style tactics are hurting both Sudans" 7631:"The Transitional Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan, 2011" 5231:"The Transitional Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan, 2011" 5204:"The Transitional Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan, 2011" 4959: 4784:. Although the common languages spoken are Juba Arabic and English, 2262:. This proposal is functionally similar to construction projects in 1782: 14118: 14093: 13943: 13938: 13917: 13882: 13867: 13252: 13157: 9356:"South Sudan Soldiers Suffocated 60-Plus Men And Boys, Report Says" 8935:"Juba parliament authorizes establishment of South Sudan air force" 7104: 5788: 5063: 4781: 4636: 4625: 4504:

As in other countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Christianity is often

4371: 3833: 3530: 3522: 3357: 3328: 3267: 3251: 3243: 3235: 3103: 3095: 3037: 3004: 2914: 2869: 2303: 2271: 1965: 1881: 1736:

On 20 February 2017, South Sudan and the United Nations declared a

1514:. On 27 July 2011, South Sudan became the 54th country to join the 1230: 894: 794: 746: 12220:"South Sudan News: Ethnic clashes must be solved in the long term" 10013: 7742:"South Sudan president dissolves parliament as part of peace deal" 7019:"Study estimates 190,000 people killed in South Sudan's civil war" 4753: 3815: 2234: 14325: 14304: 14273: 14231: 14103: 14073: 14058: 14043: 14033: 14023: 13988: 13983: 13933: 13902: 13877: 13852: 13387: 13036:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

11849:"Conference plans rebuilding of Southern Sudan's health services" 10767: 10765: 10763: 10761: 10334: 9983: 8265: 8163: 7507: 5876: 4777: 4726: 4640: 4621: 4520: 4488: 4025: 3852:

In 2009, Sudan initiated a Southern Sudanese census ahead of the

3779: 3287: 3283: 3211: 3195: 3121:

Peter Abdul Rahaman Sule, the leader of the key opposition group

3115: 3075: 3000: 2922: 2889: 2853: 2781: 2623: 2618: 2422: 2282: 2259: 2095: 1932: 1760: 1653: 1652:(IGAD) between the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) and 1636:, as the president accused Machar and ten others of attempting a 1484: 1427: 1406: 1387: 1345: 1333: 1298: 1274: 1175: 1119: 1063: 1047: 333: 11759:"MBA student establishes NGO to improve literacy in South Sudan" 11661:"South Sudan To Respect Freedom of Religion Says GOSS President" 11382:. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. Archived from 7508:

Burgess, Neil; D'Amico Hales, Jennifer; Underwood, Emma (2004).

6853:"South Sudan rebel chief Riek Machar sworn in as vice-president" 6688:"United Nations urges South Sudan to Help Avert Possible Attack" 5397:(PDF; 1141 kB), Pages 1–18, Retrieved 9 September 2018 14408:

Countries and territories where English is an official language

14128: 14113: 14108: 14048: 14003: 13963: 13857: 13836: 13243: 11929:"HIV/AIDS: an update on Epidemiology, Prevention and Treatment" 10547:. Radio Nederland Wereldomroep. 6 November 2009. Archived from 10428:!enough The project to end genocide and crimes against humanity 9961:"Ugandan MPs oppose South Sudan joining East African community" 8878:"South Sudan's $ 12 billion loan from UAE sparks public debate" 8846:"Which Countries Are For or Against China's Xinjiang Policies?" 8231:"Netanyahu: Israel recognizes South Sudan as independent state" 8117:"After 6 years of war, will peace finally come to South Sudan?" 7132:"After 6 years of war, will peace finally come to South Sudan?" 6022:

International Association for the History of Religions (1959).

5286: 4821: 4817: 4809: 4679: 4675: 4647: 4509: 4494: 4399: 4391: 4356: 4252: 4133: 4115: 4043: 3881: 3542: 3501: 3259: 3239: 3223: 2930: 2906: 1859:. It is covered in tropical forest, swamps, and grassland. The 1737: 1694:

Admission into the EAC and planned Democratic elections (2016–)

1564: 1464: 1383: 1329: 1294: 1246: 1190: 1186: 1127: 1083: 902: 14413:

Countries and territories where Arabic is an official language

12189:"South Sudan's Latjor denies reports that hunger caused death" 11380:"Sudan: A Country Study; Ethnicity, Regionalism and Ethnicity" 10758: 10308: 8001:"Kiir pressured into taking decree to parliament for approval" 5302:(PDF; 672 kB), Pages 1–3, Retrieved 9 September 2018 5042:

The South Sudanese can boast links to top basketball players.

4938: 4508:

with traditional beliefs. In 2022, the new Catholic bishop of

4463:

activity beginning as early as the mid-19th century, the U.S.

4178:

There are 70 languages spoken in South Sudan, of which 60 are

3479: 1530:(LRA) also operates in a wide area that includes South Sudan. 1355:

in the southern portion. Egypt's first appointed governor was

1221:), and geographical barriers such as the swamplands along the 14299: 14088: 14038: 13993: 13978: 13958: 13948: 13922: 13862: 12049: 11688: 11686: 11450:

Rethinking ethnicity: majority groups and dominant minorities

11235:. Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. 18 December 2012. 8459:"South Sudan avails new foreign policy, to open 54 embassies" 7310:"Famine declared in part of South Sudan by government and UN" 6905:"South Sudan conflict: Sacked VP Riek Machar goes into exile" 6349:"Southern Sudan Nears a Decision on One Matter: Its New Name" 5654: 4972: 4693:

led to border clashes that eventually resulted in widespread

4472: 4435: 4387: 4297: 3912: 3798: 3497: 3433: 3041: 2996: 2918: 2910: 2902: 2893: 2885: 2881: 2861: 2842: 2820: 2551: 2439: 2263: 2177:, and a second chamber of representatives of the states, the 1557: 1488: 1395: 1234: 906: 890: 851: 842: 478: 13260: 12301:

Humanitarian Crisis in South Sudan Gender Alert 2: May 2014.

11306:

Barrett, David; Kurian, George; Johnson, Todd, eds. (2001).

10111:"East Africa: South Sudan's Push to Join EAC Gains Momentum" 9575:"Southern Sudanese Independence: High Hopes, Huge Obstacles" 9102:"Activists warn of "genocide" in S.Sudan's Jonglei conflict" 7210:"South Sudan again delays its 1st election, until late 2024" 6801:"Yoweri Museveni: Uganda troops fighting South Sudan rebels" 6622: 5967:"Ethiopia Agrees to Back Somalia Army Operations, IGAD Says" 5086:

on 10 July 2011 in Juba. The nation made their debut at the

4999:

member in May 2012. The team played its first match against

968:

on 9 July 2011, following 98.8% support for independence in

14098: 14008: 13897: 11957: 9537:"After Years of Struggle, South Sudan Becomes a New Nation" 6961:"South Sudan's warring leaders agree to share power, again" 6819: 4996: 4902:

is laid out as the nation's committed web-based news site.

4882: 4867: 4441:

population in Rol Naath since 1995, with the country's 2.7

3989: 3969: 3608: 3538: 3263: 3255: 3247: 3200: 3071: 2873: 2761: 2560: 2519: 2402: 2243: 2127: 1976: 1957: 1905: 1889: 1254: 922: 918: 914: 131: 11683: 6993:"Nearly 400,000 'excess deaths' caused by South Sudan war" 4725:

As of February 2014, South Sudan was host to over 230,000

4668:

In 2007, the United Nations OCHA (under the leadership of

3676:, with international flights to Addis Ababa and Khartoum; 3593:

South Sudan has 248 km (154 mi) of single-track

3033:

would eventually maintain land, air, and riverine forces.

2110:

South Sudan's presidential guard on Independence Day, 2011

960:. Later that year, southern autonomy was restored when an 13217: 12968:"S. Sudan team kicks off to a good start, then collapses" 12614: 12543: 12311: 12309: 9456: 7578: 3633:

The busiest and most developed airport in South Sudan is

3118:. At the beginning of 2017, genocide was imminent again. 3091: 2936:

South Sudan is a member state of the United Nations, the

2238:

A young South Sudanese girl smiling in traditional attire

1901: 1675:

agreed to a peace deal, and on 22 February 2020 formed a

1202: 866: 811: 12487:"Emmanuel Jal: The music of a war child | Video on" 11406:

Geographica. The Complete Illustrated Atlas of the world

11002:

Khartoum supports South Sudan demand to join Arab League

10368:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

10339:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

9408: 9406: 9164:"S. Sudan's opposition leader arrested over rebel links" 8031:"South Sudan's Kiir appoints governors of 28 new states" 7941:"Lakes Leaders Visit Prospective South Sudanese Capital" 7880:"South Sudan relocates its capital from Juba to Ramciel" 7440: 4334:

said: South Sudan is the closest African country to the

2173:

comprising two houses: a directly elected assembly, the

1915:

South Sudan's forest reserves also provided habitat for

976:

sovereign state with widespread recognition as of 2024.

466:

Reconstituted Transitional National Legislative Assembly

13831: 12938:"World's Newest Nation Set to Step into Sporting Arena" 10831:(PDF; 672 kB), Page. 1, retrieved 20 May 2017 10169:. East African Community. 15 April 2016. Archived from 6879:"South Sudan opposition replaces missing leader Machar" 6771:"New Estimate Sharply Raises Death Toll in South Sudan" 4310:, in keeping with the country's orientation toward the 2693:

area is disputed between South Sudan and Sudan and the

1454:

Between 9 and 15 January 2011, as a consequence of the

987:, including forced displacement, ethnic massacres, and 972:

and is the most recent country to be formed. It is the

13109:

A History of South Sudan: From Slavery to Independence

12622:"South Sudan releases two journalists without charges" 12347:

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

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Part One, Page 3, No. 6 (1), (2), retrieved 6 May 2017

9937:. Xinhua News Agency. 9 September 2013. Archived from 9568: 9566: 9564: 6407:"99.57% of Southern Sudanese vote yes to independence" 6159: 6157: 3472:

South Sudan was eventually approved for membership in

12909:"South Sudan joins Fifa 10 months after independence" 12707:"South Sudan media blackout after reporter shot dead" 12598:. Committee to Protect Journalists. 7 November 2011. 12460:"Music — Review of Emmanuel Jal — Warchild" 11281:"Catholics and Culture website, retrieved 2023-08-08" 9403: 9303:"South Sudan sides 'recruit 9,000 children to fight'" 9277:"Child soldiers still being recruited in South Sudan" 3726:

About half the population does not have access to an

3029:, and a draft was produced in 2008. It declared that 869: 854: 839: 26:"RoSS" and "GoSS" redirect here. For other uses, see 11723: 11721: 11719: 11310:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 699–700. 11305: 10545:"South Sudan says Northern Sudan's census dishonest" 9935:"Uganda says South Sudan likely to join EAC in 2014" 9516:

China to evacuate South Sudan oil workers to capital

9453:"South Sudanese celebrate the birth of their nation" 9194:"South Sudan arrests opposition leader turned rebel" 7911:"The search for new nation's capital in South Sudan" 7797:. Radio Netherlands. 6 February 2011. Archived from 7685:"The Interim Constitution of Southern Sudan of 2005" 6718:"Sudan and South Sudan in fierce oil border clashes" 6291:"United Nations Office for Project Services website" 4836:

and a positive message in his lyrics. Jal, a former

4765:

partially assimilated to Sudanese culture and speak

4594: 3607:

terminus. There are proposed extensions from Wau to

3454:

operators in South Sudan created political tension.

3410: 2094:, the first President of South Sudan. His trademark 1608: Under control of the Government of South Sudan 1088: 1006:

The South Sudanese population is composed mostly of

863: 848: 208:

Luo (Anyuak, Acholi, Shilluk, Pari, Jur-Luo, others)

13090:

South Sudan after the Comprehensive Peace Agreement

12789:"South Sudan blocks access to independent websites" 10772:

Language of Instruction Country Profile South Sudan

9561: 8206:. Weekly.ahram.org.eg. 6 April 2011. Archived from 8061:"South Sudanese President creates four more states" 7378: 7376: 6744:"The SPLM and the Rise of Autocracy in South Sudan" 6623:Fick, Maggie & Straziuso, Jason (2 June 2011). 6154: 5729:"Broadcast of Declaration of Independence (part 2)" 5703:"Broadcast of Declaration of Independence (part 1)" 4663:

Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

3876:at approximately 40 percent of the population, the 1884:migration in the world. Surveys have revealed that 1648:(UNMISS). Numerous ceasefires were mediated by the 1603:Military situation in South Sudan on 22 March 2020 944:until Sudanese independence in 1956. Following the 860: 845: 12157:"SUDAN: Peace bolsters food security in the south" 12052:"Dracunculiasis eradication: and now, South Sudan" 10952:South Sudan and Chad apply to join the Arab League 10776:United States Agency for International Development 10454:"South Sudan parliament throws out census results" 10253:"South Sudan set to have own national air carrier" 7703: 7434: 7063: 6953: 6318:"Over 99 pct in Southern Sudan vote for secession" 6265:"World Food Programme, article dated May 12, 2022" 6082: 4828:, reggae and Afro-beat. Also hip hop artists like 3789:Children in Yambio, Western Equatoria, South Sudan 2281:state near the borders with Central Equatoria and 956:soon broke out in 1983 and ended in 2005 with the 12317:"South Sudan Emergency Situation-Regional Update" 12100:"WHO — Dracunculiasis (Guinea-worm disease)" 12056:American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 11716: 10864:"South Sudanese still in Kenya despite new state" 9414:"On safari in the world's most dangerous country" 9329:"South Sudan lets fighters rape women as payment" 8610: 6073: 5932:"South Sudan Becomes African Union's 54th Member" 4650:". South Sudan is one of the few countries where 4572:, and then four years of university instruction. 3892:. Currently, around 800,000 expatriates from the 3637:, which has regular international connections to 3603:) gauge railway line from the Sudanese border to 2024:Northern Acacia–Commiphora bushlands and thickets 1450:A South Sudanese girl at independence festivities 14374: 13136:South Sudan. An Annotated Bibliography. (2 vols) 10366:("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). 9887:"South Sudan delays membership in regional bloc" 8705:"East African bloc admits South Sudan as member" 8397: 8395: 8393: 7373: 6562: 5130:South Sudan competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics 4471:". During this same period, official records of 3719:is faced with numerous challenges. Although the 3098:is most likely to occur in southern Sudan." The 2896:were among the first to recognise the country's 2038:South Sudan map of Köppen climate classification 1616:Sudan People's Liberation Movement-in-Opposition 1563:In March 2012, South Sudanese forces seized the 921:. South Sudan has a population of 12.7 million. 13111:. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. 12817:World Report 2021: Rights Trends in South Sudan 12403:"Emmanuel Jal: National Geographic World Music" 11593:"South Sudan - Religion, Animism, Christianity" 10740:"South Sudan - Religion, Animism, Christianity" 10193:"South Sudan Launches Bid to Join Commonwealth" 9767:"External Debts, Growth and Peace in the Sudan" 8519:"South Sudan Launches Bid to Join Commonwealth" 7971:"Kiir and Makuei want 28 states in South Sudan" 7766: 7708:[The Political System of South Sudan]. 7045:"South Sudan 'coup leaders' face treason trial" 6482:"UN welcomes South Sudan as 193rd Member State" 5903:"UN welcomes South Sudan as 193rd Member State" 5816:"Trust issues persist in Juba despite new dawn" 5507:"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022" 5267:Ethnologue Languages of the World – South Sudan 5179:with footnotes for early recognition countries. 4318:. Following the South Sudan's ascension to the 4245:. Six indigenous languages are threatened with 3488:, considering that South Sudan was part of the 3415:The presidents of Kenya and Rwanda invited the 2450:and the Republic of South Sudan, effectively a 1888:, west of the Ethiopian border, as well as the 1413:language which means "snake venom") during the 532:619,745 km (239,285 sq mi) ( 13271:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). pp. 9–19. 12596:"South Sudan security detains two journalists" 12343:"2016 South Sudan Humanitarian Needs Overview" 11633: 11631: 11629: 11412: 10137:"South Sudan joins East African regional bloc" 9094: 8551:. International Monetary Fund. 20 April 2011. 8451: 8294:"Obama grants U.S. recognition of South Sudan" 8204:"AlAhram Weekly – Heading for headwaters" 7101:"South Sudan rivals strike power-sharing deal" 6163: 5873:"South Sudan admitted to U.N. as 193rd member" 5785:"South Sudan rivals strike power-sharing deal" 5431: 5429: 5427: 5425: 4989:South Sudan national association football team 4583:. In 2007, South Sudan adopted English as the 3352:state in Sudan, the agreement stated that the 3036:As of 2015, South Sudan has the third highest 2682:Administrative areas of South Sudan as of 2020 13817: 13355: 13106: 12518:"South Sudan journalists facing intimidation" 12269:"Women's Security and the Law in South Sudan" 9991:"Tanzania warms up to South Sudan membership" 9668:"S.Sudan seeks food and farmland investments" 9450: 9379: 9377: 9034: 9032: 9030: 9028: 8390: 8374:. African Union. 13 July 2011. Archived from 6995:. ABC News. 26 September 2018. Archived from 6178: 5905:. United Nations News Service. 14 July 2011. 5777: 5599:"Traffic and Road Conditions in Sudan, South" 4624:serving in southern Sudan, with three proper 3782:as a result of the civil war and its impact. 3611:. There are also plans to link Juba with the 2946:Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa 2197:President of the Government of Southern Sudan 14203:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 13138:(2nd ed.). London/New York: IB Tauris. 12654:"South Sudan journalist Peter Moi shot dead" 12373:"South Sudan's Music Identity by Mawa Minga" 10519:"Ethnic Divisions Complicate Sudan's Census" 10353: 9451:Elbagir, Nima; Karimi, Faith (9 July 2011). 9196:. AlArabiya. 4 November 2011. Archived from 8731:"U.S. Is Facing Hard Choices in South Sudan" 8618:"South Sudan "entitled to join Arab League"" 8403:"South Sudan: Big trading potential for EAC" 7760: 7623: 7284:"South Sudan declares famine in Unity State" 6682: 6680: 6655:"Thousands flee South Sudan tribal conflict" 6598:"South Sudan army kills fighters in clashes" 6592: 6590: 6239:"Worldometers website, retrieved 2023-08-28" 4483:. Various scholarly sources, as well as the 3884:at approximately 10 percent, as well as the 3446:exports. This was contradicted by President 1095: 1042:in the world, ranking second to last in the 952:was formed in 1972 and lasted until 1983. A 13154:"Profile: Southern Sudan leader Salva Kiir" 13107:Daly, M. W.; Rolandsen, Øystein H. (2016). 11626: 11472: 9860:"South Sudan to link to Kenya oil pipeline" 9633: 9321: 8999: 8707:. Reuters. 25 November 2011. Archived from 8646: 8525:. Gurtong News. 8 July 2011. Archived from 8178:"South Sudan becomes an independent nation" 8170: 8141: 7874: 7872: 7563: 7561: 7559: 7011: 5422: 5206:. Government of South Sudan. Archived from 3797:Rural school children participating in the 3560:Passengers atop a train travelling towards 3480:South Sudan and the Commonwealth of Nations 2697:is disputed between South Sudan and Kenya. 2229: 14453:States and territories established in 2011 13824: 13810: 13362: 13348: 13082:The Southern Sudan. Background to Conflict 12932: 12930: 12678: 12484: 12335: 12015:Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 11812: 11810: 11475:Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: S-Z 11203:"Southern Sudan Votes To Split From North" 10919: 10888: 10842:The Interim Constitution of Southern Sudan 10481: 10479: 9374: 9025: 8811: 8789:. Southsudan.usembassy.gov. Archived from 8291: 7843: 7382: 7260:. World Food Programme. 20 February 2017. 6647: 6346: 2978:Intergovernmental Authority on Development 2067: 1650:Intergovernmental Authority on Development 1036:Intergovernmental Authority on Development 113: 12515: 12427: 12075: 12026: 11985: 11975: 11872: 11846: 11497: 11142:"South Sudan's Muslims welcome secession" 11045:"South Sudan's Muslims welcome secession" 10570:University of Virginia School of Medicine 10516: 10073: 9953: 9797: 9598: 9596: 9534: 8346:"UN welcomes South Sudan as 193rd member" 7721: 7701: 7484: 7466: 6677: 6587: 6432:South Sudan becomes an independent nation 5255: 5198: 5196: 4267:, also known as South Sudanese Arabic, a 3661:. Juba Airport was also the home base of 2760:(containing the national capital city of 2559:(containing the national capital city of 2401:(containing the national capital city of 2242:The capital of South Sudan is located at 1823:Learn how and when to remove this message 1698:South Sudan acceded to the Treaty of the 694: 13369: 12868: 12820:. Human Rights Watch. 23 December 2020. 12299:Inter-Agency Standing Committee (2014). 11886: 11884: 11444: 10417: 10415: 9917:"South Sudan readies for EAC membership" 9572: 9353: 9274: 7869: 7556: 7326: 7312:. WHIO. 20 February 2017. Archived from 7037: 5311: 4958: 4752: 4716: 4493: 4355: 4205:; most of the remainder are part of the 3822: 3814: 3792: 3784: 3760: 3566: 3555: 3494:republics in the Commonwealth of Nations 3327: 3194: 2677: 2465: 2302: 2233: 2105: 2098:was a gift from United States President 2086: 2033: 2008:Northern Congolian forest–savanna mosaic 1970: 1834: 1598: 1582: 1445: 1401:The region has been negatively affected 13066:Walter C. Soderlund, E. Donald Briggs, 12927: 12217: 11807: 11168: 10866:. Xinhua. 2 August 2011. Archived from 10627: 10485: 10476: 10327: 9927: 9602: 9510: 9508: 8967:"Creation of the South Sudan Air Force" 8902: 7813: 5934:. Voice of America News. 28 July 2011. 5926: 5924: 5870: 5529: 5501: 5499: 5497: 5495: 5493: 5287:United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) 4824:releases; and Emmanuel Kembe who sings 4628:, and in some areas there was just one 3680:, with weekly service to Khartoum; and 3417:Autonomous Government of Southern Sudan 3332:Oil and gas concessions in Sudan – 2004 3040:spending as a percentage of GDP in the 1991:infrastructure. The country had a 2019 1419:Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement 962:Autonomous Government of Southern Sudan 14375: 12978:from the original on 27 September 2011 12124: 12008: 10263:from the original on 22 September 2011 9862:. Reuters. 6 July 2011. 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New York: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 5938:from the original on 16 September 2011 5852:from the original on 30 September 2018 5406:Manfredi Stefano; Tosco Mauro (2013), 5384:Manfredi Stefano; Tosco Mauro (2016), 5193: 4963:South Sudanese-born basketball player 4330:, the Foreign Minister of South Sudan 4182:and granted constitutional status as " 3938:Largest cities or towns in South Sudan 3191:List of companies based in South Sudan 1460:South Sudanese independence referendum 1441: 1409:rebel army (Anya-Nya is a term in the 821:Registered and operational since 2019. 13805: 13343: 13133: 13008:from the original on 25 November 2016 12795:from the original on 9 September 2017 12687:from the original on 22 November 2015 12679:Hannington, Ochan (31 October 2015). 12353:from the original on 27 December 2017 12323:from the original on 22 February 2014 11926: 11881: 11551:from the original on 15 November 2022 10962:, 12 April 2014, retrieved 3 May 2017 10412: 10309:"Rotary Club of Bridgton Lake-Region" 10117:from the original on 17 November 2015 9764: 9549:from the original on 22 February 2017 9362:from the original on 14 November 2017 9256:from the original on 11 November 2016 9144:from the original on 28 February 2017 8947:from the original on 16 November 2012 8320:The Root Causes of Sudan's Civil Wars 8241:from the original on 21 February 2013 8154:from the original on 15 February 2020 8097:from the original on 5 September 2017 7611:from the original on 13 February 2014 7441:Grantham, H. 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In the 18th century, the Avungara 1019:, with a sizeable Muslim minority. 983:from 2013 to 2020, enduring rampant 14443:Member states of the United Nations 12737:"US journalist killed in Yei River" 12717:from the original on 25 August 2015 12660:from the original on 22 August 2015 12576:from the original on 19 August 2023 12497:from the original on 18 August 2012 11665:Sudan Radio Service, Sudanradio.org 11641:. United States Department of State 11617: 11573:. United States Department of State 11542: 11287:from the original on 21 August 2023 11261:. United States Department of State 11239:from the original on 1 January 2013 11182:from the original on 21 August 2023 11122:. 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It is bordered on the north by 436:Transitional National Legislature 14438:Member states of the Arab League 14354: 14343: 14342: 14150:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 14127: 13908:Democratic Republic of the Congo 13303:UN Outrage at South Sudan Attack 13031: 12990: 12960: 12915:from the original on 27 May 2012 12901: 12862: 12836: 12807: 12791:. Deutsche Welle. 21 July 2017. 12781: 12755: 12729: 12699: 12672: 12646: 12588: 12562: 12550:from the original on 9 June 2020 12536: 12509: 12478: 12452: 12421: 12395: 12365: 12293: 12261: 12242: 12211: 12195:. 17 August 2011. 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The most common languages are 3973: 3963: 3863: 3303:Southern Sudan Beverages Limited 2948:. South Sudan plans to join the 2833:Foreign relations of South Sudan 2205:Vice-President of the Government 1993:Forest Landscape Integrity Index 1876:South Sudan's protected area of 1781: 1526:development in rural areas. The 1340:to maintain their independence. 950:Southern Sudan Autonomous Region 899:Democratic Republic of the Congo 835: 718: 693: 671: 670: 652: 651: 619: 618: 600: 599: 567:13.33/km (34.5/sq mi) ( 100: 66: 52: 13259:Cana, Frank Richardson (1911). 12814:"South Sudan: Events of 2020". 12656:. bbcnews.com. 20 August 2015. 12165:. 18 April 2007. Archived from 10486:Birungi, Marvis (10 May 2009). 7933: 7734: 7695: 7677: 7645: 7597: 7526: 7501: 7403: 7347: 7327:Sevenzo, Farai; Jones, Bryony. 7320: 7302: 7250: 7228: 7202: 7176: 7150: 7123: 7093: 6985: 6897: 6871: 6845: 6793: 6736: 6710: 6556: 6526: 6504: 6474: 6444: 6425: 6399: 6373: 6340: 6309: 6283: 6257: 6231: 6215: 6172: 6138: 6119: 6103: 6067: 6037: 6015: 5989: 5959: 5950: 5895: 5864: 5838: 5747: 5721: 5695: 5673: 5617: 5591: 5460: 5366:from the original on 5 May 2020 5117:, competed under the banner of 5084:Uganda national basketball team 5048:National Basketball Association 3872:present in South Sudan are the 3856:, which would also include the 3744: 3698: 3629:List of airports in South Sudan 3419:to apply for membership to the 3051: 2999:defending China's treatment of 2667: 2153:The constitution establishes a 2002:extend across South Sudan: the 1792:needs additional citations for 1575:in the South Sudanese state of 1219:History of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 1201:, the Adio of Azande client in 1193:, and Tombura districts in the 21:Southern Sudan (disambiguation) 12544:"South Sudan Friendship Press" 11892:"South Sudan Household Survey" 11518:"Sudan : Country Studies" 11201:Hurd, Emma (8 February 2011). 11023:"BBC - Religion: Christianity" 10628:Martell, Peter (15 May 2019). 10390:"Discontent over Sudan census" 10223:"South Sudan gets new airline" 9836:. 10 July 2011. Archived from 9331:. Global Post. 11 March 2016. 8624:. 12 June 2011. Archived from 8465:. 25 July 2011. Archived from 8435:. 10 July 2011. Archived from 8093:. International Crisis Group. 7909:Amos, Mashel (29 April 2011). 7286:. BBC News. 20 February 2017. 7021:. Reuters. 26 September 2018. 6969:. 25 July 2018. Archived from 6347:Kron, Josh (23 January 2011). 6164:Levering Lewis, David (1995). 5400: 5378: 5305: 5223: 5154: 5105:One athlete from South Sudan, 4452:(7.5 million members) and the 3847: 3810: 3286:, as in many other developing 3151:, stated that more than 9,000 2191:, his deputy, was sworn in as 1839:Protected areas in South Sudan 1725: 1710:are the newest members of the 1679:as Machar was sworn in as the 1595:Ethnic violence in South Sudan 1229:of the southern region by the 719: 451:Transitional Council of States 86:"Justice, Liberty, Prosperity" 1: 13423:Comprehensive Peace Agreement 12944:. 6 July 2011. Archived from 12102:. 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The University of Sydney. 11308:World Christian Encyclopedia 10696:Part 1, Chapter 1, No. 6 (1) 10563:"South Sudan Refugee Crisis" 10422:Fick, Maggie (8 June 2009). 9772:. CHR. Michelsen Institute. 8489:"COMESA Welcomes New Member" 7723:10.5771/0506-7286-2013-2-174 7238:. Reuters. 13 September 2024 6907:. BBC News. 18 August 2016. 6881:. Al Jazeera. 23 July 2016. 6383:. BBC News. 8 January 2014. 5651:".ss Domain Delegation Data" 5119:Independent Olympic Athletes 4896:South Sudan Friendship Press 4678:reportedly led to deaths in 4552: 4423:World Christian Encyclopedia 4195:Nilo-Saharan Language family 4167: 3941:According to the 2008 Census 3896:are living in South Sudan. 3854:2011 independence referendum 3776:internally displaced persons 3507: 3378:Nile Drilling & Services 3132:rate in South Sudan is 52%. 2845:have been changing. Sudan's 2461: 2298: 2020:East African montane forests 1873:, meaning "Mountain Sea". 1766: 1704:Democratic Republic of Congo 1471:Republic and even Juwama, a 1069: 1024:member of the United Nations 7: 13700:Water supply and sanitation 13234:Central Intelligence Agency 13187:. June 2009. Archived from 12570:"South Sudan Nile Citizens" 11933:South Sudan Medical Journal 11899:South Sudan Medical Journal 10634:. Oxford University Press. 9305:. BBC News. 30 April 2014. 9134:"Slinding towards genocide" 9040:"Sudan: Transcending tribe" 9007:"Sudan: Transcending tribe" 8229:Lior, Ilan (10 July 2011). 7633:. Government of South Sudan 6931:"The revenge of Salva Kiir" 6855:. BBC News. 26 April 2016. 6829:. BBC News. 6 August 2018. 5511:International Monetary Fund 5447:Central Intelligence Agency 5135: 5035:, William Afani Clicks and 4712: 4345: 3899: 3751:Demographics of South Sudan 3717:water supply in South Sudan 3705:Water supply in South Sudan 3388:International Monetary Fund 3058:Human rights in South Sudan 3014: 2954:International Monetary Fund 2809:Rubkona Administrative Area 2056: 1935:. Surveys begun in 2005 by 1708:Federal Republic of Somalia 1623: Under control of the 1614: Under control of the 1089: 979:South Sudan descended into 10: 14469: 13092:. Jena: Netzbandt Verlag. 12319:. UNHCR. 2 February 2014. 10920:AfricaNews (5 July 2017). 10889:AfricaNews (6 July 2017). 9834:East African Business Week 8433:East African Business Week 8348:. BBC News. 14 July 2011. 7744:. Al Jazeera. 9 May 2021. 7468:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 6181:"The 1947 Juba Conference" 6049:Metropolitan Museum of Art 5683:. UNCTAD. 26 December 2012 5312:Manfredi, Stefano (2018). 5126:National Olympic Committee 4952: 4851: 4746: 4740: 4736: 4632:for every 500,000 people. 4604: 4598: 4556: 4349: 4314:rather than Sudan and the 4171: 3962: 3903: 3765:John Garang Square in Juba 3754: 3748: 3711:Sudanese nomadic conflicts 3708: 3702: 3626: 3586: 3582: 3511: 3439:On 17 September 2011, the 3199:Loka Teaks is the largest 3188: 3182: 3178: 3055: 3018: 2830: 2671: 2157:of government headed by a 2071: 2060: 2041: 2029: 2012:Saharan flooded grasslands 1770: 1729: 1592: 1586: 1122:people of South Sudan—the 1111: 1107: 942:Anglo-Egyptian condominium 25: 18: 14428:Least developed countries 14388:Central African countries 14338: 14318: 14287: 14266: 14245: 14224: 14213: 14197: 14181: 14168: 14136: 14125: 13843: 13833:Countries and territories 13775: 13708: 13655: 13646: 13594: 13585: 13506: 13497: 13465: 13456: 13403:Second Sudanese Civil War 13378: 13218:Government of South Sudan 13212:Government of South Sudan 13207:Government of South Sudan 13088:Biel, Melha Rout (2007). 13049:Federal Research Division 12911:. BBC News. 25 May 2012. 11452:. Routledge. p. 45. 11422:. U.S. State Department. 11077:. BBC News. 8 July 2011. 10983:13 September 2017 at the 10958:13 September 2017 at the 10827:13 September 2017 at the 9521:24 September 2015 at the 8763:. U.S. State Department. 8180:. BBC News. 9 July 2011. 7853:. BBC News. 5 July 2011. 7409:eg. example reference in 7186:. East Africa Community. 7184:"Republic of South Sudan" 6185:Northeast African Studies 5298:13 September 2017 at the 5088:FIBA Basketball World Cup 4948: 4881:report to the difficulty 4384:indigenous belief systems 3937: 3362:second period of autonomy 3102:has stated it wished to " 2980:, a regional grouping of 2878:refugees from South Sudan 2293: 2120:transitional constitution 2074:Government of South Sudan 1880:hosts the second-largest 1677:national unity government 1423:Second Sudanese Civil War 1050:), and having the lowest 1040:least developed countries 970:a January 2011 referendum 954:second Sudanese civil war 817: 805: 793: 781: 771: 753: 738: 708: 683: 664: 645: 631: 612: 593: 575: 561: 547: 540: 526: 519: 515: 502: 489: 485: 471: 456: 441: 431: 427: 412: 397: 382: 367: 363: 344: 332: 290: 232: 178: 168: 124: 112: 90: 82: 48: 41: 13893:Central African Republic 13511:Administrative divisions 13443:South Sudanese Civil War 13393:First Sudanese Civil War 12009:Visser, BJ (July 2012). 11977:10.1186/1475-2875-12-374 11865:10.1136/bmj.331.7510.179 7767:V-Dem Institute (2023). 7702:Henneberg, Ingo (2013). 5472:Global Religious Futures 5415:9 September 2018 at the 5273:9 September 2018 at the 5147: 4847: 4795: 4780:even while in exile and 4760:woman, South Sudan, 2011 4699:Médecins Sans Frontières 4559:Education in South Sudan 4485:U.S. Department of State 4174:Languages of South Sudan 3827:A village in South Sudan 3600:3 ft 6 in 3514:Transport in South Sudan 3469:East African Community. 3463:South Sudanese Civil War 3114:, warned of genocide in 2866:2011 Egyptian Revolution 2230:National capital project 2136:President of South Sudan 1878:Bandingilo National Park 1773:Geography of South Sudan 1642:South Sudanese Civil War 1589:South Sudanese Civil War 1556:sent to the area around 1537:intensified between the 1415:First Sudanese Civil War 1394:occurred at present-day 946:First Sudanese Civil War 911:Central African Republic 13268:Encyclopædia Britannica 12462:. BBC. 1 January 1970. 11008:18 October 2017 at the 10599:"Sveriges flyktingkvot" 7538:weather-and-climate.com 6437:10 October 2018 at the 6079:"The Turkiyah, 1821–85" 5393:1 November 2018 at the 5321:Sociolinguistic Studies 4892:Northern Bahr el Ghazal 4860:Barnaba Marial Benjamin 4577:language of instruction 4430:was the largest single 4352:Religion in South Sudan 4103:Northern Bahr el Ghazal 3906:South Sudanese diaspora 3858:South Sudanese diaspora 3663:Feeder Airlines Company 3486:Commonwealth of Nations 3393: 3123:United Democratic Forum 3044:, behind only Oman and 2971:Full membership in the 2950:Commonwealth of Nations 2724:Northern Bahr el Ghazal 2454:. It was due to hold a 2365:Northern Bahr el Ghazal 2220:V-Dem Democracy indices 2078:Politics of South Sudan 2068:Government and politics 2063:Wildlife of South Sudan 2044:2024 South Sudan floods 2016:Sahelian Acacia savanna 1867:, known locally as the 1746:UN World Food Programme 1732:2017 South Sudan famine 1493:South Kordofan conflict 1100:), or the "Land of the 1044:Human Development Index 989:killings of journalists 879:Republic of South Sudan 820: 506:Declared and recognized 169:Official languages 43:Republic of South Sudan 14403:East African countries 14398:East African Community 13433:United Nations Mission 12520:. Al Jazeera English. 11847:Moszynski, P. (2005). 11620:Christians Under Siege 10311:. Lake Region Rotary. 9765:Ahmed, Medani (2008). 9720:Leo, Benjamin (2009). 9009:. Al Jazeera English. 8405:. IGIHE. 8 July 2011. 8333:Research Study SIS 686 6179:Kenneth Okeny (1991). 6085:Sudan: A Country Study 5971:Bloomberg Businessweek 5601:. Countryreports.org. 5142:Outline of South Sudan 5094:. The also made their 4967: 4804:, De Peace Child sing 4761: 4749:Tourism in South Sudan 4743:Culture of South Sudan 4722: 4707:Violence against women 4501: 4382:, various traditional 4368: 4320:East African Community 4312:East African Community 4013:Western Bahr el Ghazal 3828: 3820: 3802: 3790: 3766: 3667:Southern Star Airlines 3622: 3579: 3564: 3474:East African Community 3421:East African Community 3333: 3312: 3207: 3185:Economy of South Sudan 2966:Greater Horn of Africa 2942:East African Community 2729:Western Bahr el Ghazal 2683: 2471: 2416:ROLNAATH Central State 2370:Western Bahr el Ghazal 2338: 2239: 2111: 2103: 2039: 1980: 1894:Southern National Park 1840: 1712:East African Community 1628: 1528:Lord's Resistance Army 1499:and the SPLA over the 1451: 1211:Western Bahr el Ghazal 1114:History of South Sudan 1032:East African Community 932:Sudan was occupied by 897:; on the south by the 358:provisional government 16:Country in East Africa 14054:São Tomé and Príncipe 13913:Republic of the Congo 13281:"Sudan's Shaky Peace" 13134:Tvedt, Terje (2004). 13080:Mohamed Omer Beshir: 12255:24 April 2015 at the 12068:10.4269/ajtmh.13-0090 11547:. ACN International. 11075:"South Sudan profile" 10370:, Population Division 10341:, Population Division 10285:. Obakki Foundation. 9697:. African Arguments. 8649:"Hoping for the best" 8091:"Jan2017 South Sudan" 7851:"South Sudan profile" 7447:Nature Communications 7077:. 26 September 2018. 6381:"South Sudan profile" 5005:Kenyan Premier League 4962: 4756: 4720: 4601:Health in South Sudan 4497: 4477:traditional religions 4416:; in 2020, Catholics 4359: 3826: 3818: 3796: 3788: 3764: 3739:Water for South Sudan 3728:improved water source 3703:Further information: 3570: 3559: 3331: 3198: 3169:Amnesty International 2681: 2674:States of South Sudan 2469: 2306: 2237: 2109: 2090: 2037: 2004:East Sudanian savanna 1974: 1838: 1730:Further information: 1700:East Africa Community 1667:On 20 February 2020, 1602: 1593:Further information: 1583:Civil War (2013–2020) 1518:. In September 2011, 1449: 1361:Charles George Gordon 1078:is a name given to a 909:; and on the west by 604:$ 13.6 billion ( 354:presidential republic 14423:Landlocked countries 13214:– USA and UN Mission 12948:on 27 September 2012 12199:on 21 September 2011 11543:ACN (4 April 2022). 11473:Minahan, J. (2002). 11408:. 1999. p. 336. 11150:Agence France-Presse 10849:3 March 2016 at the 10492:The New Sudan Vision 10396:. AFP. 21 May 2009. 10229:. 6 September 2011. 9840:on 27 September 2011 9420:. 20 December 2023. 8977:on 12 February 2011. 8439:on 27 September 2011 7947:. 15 February 2011. 7890:on 29 September 2011 7316:on 21 February 2017. 7107:. 22 February 2020. 6746:. 5 September 2013. 6694:. 27 December 2011. 6692:Bloomberg Television 6631:. Associated Press. 5848:. 7 September 2018. 5791:. 22 February 2020. 5743:– via YouTube. 5717:– via YouTube. 5115:Netherlands Antilles 5111:2012 Summer Olympics 4977:Association football 4955:Sport in South Sudan 4864:freedom of the press 4854:Media of South Sudan 4635:The epidemiology of 4514:Christian Carlassare 4412:Most Christians are 4361:Holy Cross Cathedral 3819:Woman in South Sudan 3527:Lake Albert (Africa) 3490:Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 3436:and toward the EAC. 3220:international market 2860:, Prime Minister of 2852:first announced, in 2798:Administrative Areas 2309:Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 2171:National Legislature 1927:, forest elephants, 1801:improve this article 1681:First Vice President 1662:2014 Bentiu massacre 1654:SPLM – in opposition 1344:, under the rule of 1082:to the south of the 938:Muhammad Ali dynasty 743:South Sudanese pound 656:$ 4.7 billion ( 549:• 2024 estimate 386:First Vice President 14393:Countries in Africa 14310:Plazas de soberanía 14214:African territories 14154:unclear sovereignty 14139:States with limited 13322: / 13286:National Geographic 13249:South Sudan profile 12634:on 29 December 2011 12572:. 5 December 2023. 11791:. 26 January 2021. 11698:The Christian Times 11099:Jacqueline Wilson, 10947:Middle East Monitor 10603:migrationsverket.se 10283:"Obakki Foundation" 10113:. 7 November 2015. 9997:. 8 December 2012. 9941:on 14 November 2013 9923:on 21 October 2011. 9748:"Permanent Members" 9577:. Pulitzer Center. 9483:"Natural resources" 9250:The Washington Post 9200:on 19 February 2012 9140:. 13 January 2017. 9114:on 29 December 2011 8812:Dagne, Ted (2011). 8685:on 29 November 2011 8607:27.1 (2003): 72–90. 8269:. 23 January 2024. 7769:"The V-Dem Dataset" 7459:2020NatCo..11.5978G 7416:The Free Dictionary 7075:The Washington Post 6966:The Washington Post 6534:"The LRA and Sudan" 6166:The Race to Fashoda 4820:is popular for his 4657:At the time of the 4570:secondary education 4547:freedom of religion 4535:In 2011, inaugural 4479:while only 5% were 4465:Library of Congress 4454:Presbyterian Church 4271:that serves as the 3364:from 2005 to 2011. 3226:also contains many 2614:Northern Rol naath 2199:on 11 August 2005. 2189:Salva Kiir Mayardit 2155:presidential system 2140:Salva Kiir Mayardit 2092:Salva Kiir Mayardit 1759:further threatened 1750:Salva Kiir Mayardit 1740:in parts of former 1669:Salva Kiir Mayardit 1625:Government of Sudan 1442:Independence (2011) 1436:subsistence farming 1195:tropical rainforest 1080:geographical region 1038:. It is one of the 993:Salva Kiir Mayardit 985:human rights abuses 940:and governed as an 765:Central Africa Time 377:Salva Kiir Mayardit 149: / 14218:non-African states 13619:Telecommunications 13229:The World Factbook 13194:on 1 October 2011. 13185:Human Rights Watch 13160:. 5 January 2011. 12713:. 21 August 2015. 12409:on 27 October 2009 12349:. 5 January 2016. 12230:on 5 February 2012 11524:on 23 October 2013 11386:on 14 January 2011 11152:. 8 January 2011. 11051:. 9 January 2011. 9967:. 7 October 2013. 9542:The New York Times 9493:on 29 January 2012 9487:CIA World Factbook 9044:Al Jazeera English 8971:aircraft.zurf.info 8737:. 3 January 2014. 8735:The New York Times 8210:on 23 October 2012 7981:on 8 December 2015 7574:The World Factbook 6937:. 2 January 2017. 6775:The New York Times 6661:. 3 January 2012. 6659:Al Jazeera English 6540:. 5 January 2011. 6538:Al Jazeera English 6522:on 12 August 2011. 6456:CIA World Factbook 6354:The New York Times 5478:on 2 December 2018 5442:The World Factbook 5333:10.1558/sols.35596 5109:, competed in the 4968: 4762: 4723: 4721:Jamam refugee camp 4618:maternal mortality 4502: 4369: 4211:Niger-Congo family 4184:national languages 3829: 3821: 3803: 3791: 3767: 3619:railway networks. 3580: 3565: 3334: 3323:Sub-Saharan Africa 3305:, a subsidiary of 3208: 2989:The New York Times 2710:Greater Rol Naath 2684: 2472: 2339: 2335:Greater Upper Nile 2240: 2167:head of government 2134:was signed by the 2112: 2104: 2040: 1981: 1886:Boma National Park 1841: 1629: 1452: 1417:, followed by the 929:and largest city. 883:landlocked country 877:), officially the 641:2022 estimate 589:2022 estimate 308:traditional faiths 14418:Federal republics 14370: 14369: 14334: 14333: 14209: 14208: 13929:Equatorial Guinea 13799: 13798: 13771: 13770: 13642: 13641: 13581: 13580: 13531:Foreign relations 13493: 13492: 13145:978-1-86064-987-5 13118:978-0-521-11631-2 13099:978-3-937884-01-1 13076:978-1-77112-117-0 12942:The Jakarta Globe 12882:978-0-8225-2678-0 12872:Sudan in Pictures 12681:"Risking my life" 12281:on 26 August 2014 12169:on 28 August 2010 11901:. December 2007. 11484:978-0-313-32384-3 11459:978-0-203-56339-7 10672:citypopulation.de 10641:978-0-19-005270-6 9965:The Africa Report 8909:The Africa Report 8793:on 1 January 2014 7519:978-1-55963-364-2 6999:on 8 October 2018 6227:978-0-231-70414-4 6150:978-0-231-70414-4 6134:978-0-300-16273-8 6115:978-0-231-70414-4 6096:978-0-8444-0750-0 6075:Helen Chapin Metz 5572:. 13 March 2024. 5445:(2024 ed.). 4585:official language 4426:claimed that the 4398:, while 18% were 4188:official language 4165: 4164: 4121:Western Equatoria 4067:Central Equatoria 4049:Western Equatoria 3995:Central Equatoria 3547:Gambela, Ethiopia 3348:'s facilities in 3228:natural resources 2841:, relations with 2827:Foreign relations 2775:Greater Rol Naath 2768:Eastern Equatoria 2758:Central Equatoria 2753:Western Equatoria 2604:Central Rol naath 2448:Republic of Sudan 2409:Eastern Equatoria 2399:Central Equatoria 2394:Western Equatoria 2248:Central Equatoria 2179:Council of States 1979:flooded grassland 1962:African wild dogs 1921:giant forest hogs 1851:, and longitudes 1833: 1832: 1825: 1467:, Nile Republic, 1403:by two civil wars 1207:Central Equatoria 1199:Western Equatoria 1022:South Sudan is a 966:independent state 893:; on the east by 828: 827: 702:medium inequality 666:• Per capita 614:• Per capita 105: 96:South Sudan Oyee! 14460: 14358: 14346: 14345: 14222: 14221: 14179: 14178: 14131: 13925:(partly in Asia) 13845:Sovereign states 13826: 13819: 13812: 13803: 13802: 13784: 13653: 13652: 13592: 13591: 13504: 13503: 13463: 13462: 13364: 13357: 13350: 13341: 13340: 13337: 13336: 13334: 13333: 13332: 13327: 13323: 13320: 13319: 13318: 13315: 13297:George Steinmetz 13289:, November 2010. 13272: 13264: 13195: 13193: 13182: 13173: 13171: 13169: 13149: 13130: 13103: 13060:30 June 2012 at 13052: 13035: 13034: 13018: 13017: 13015: 13013: 12994: 12988: 12987: 12985: 12983: 12974:. 10 July 2011. 12964: 12958: 12957: 12955: 12953: 12934: 12925: 12924: 12922: 12920: 12905: 12899: 12898: 12896: 12894: 12866: 12860: 12859: 12857: 12855: 12840: 12834: 12833: 12831: 12829: 12811: 12805: 12804: 12802: 12800: 12785: 12779: 12778: 12776: 12774: 12769:. 28 August 2017 12759: 12753: 12752: 12750: 12748: 12743:. 27 August 2017 12733: 12727: 12726: 12724: 12722: 12703: 12697: 12696: 12694: 12692: 12676: 12670: 12669: 12667: 12665: 12650: 12644: 12643: 12641: 12639: 12618: 12612: 12611: 12609: 12607: 12592: 12586: 12585: 12583: 12581: 12566: 12560: 12559: 12557: 12555: 12540: 12534: 12533: 12531: 12529: 12513: 12507: 12506: 12504: 12502: 12485:TEDGlobal 2009. 12482: 12476: 12475: 12473: 12471: 12456: 12450: 12449: 12447: 12445: 12425: 12419: 12418: 12416: 12414: 12405:. Archived from 12399: 12393: 12392: 12390: 12388: 12369: 12363: 12362: 12360: 12358: 12339: 12333: 12332: 12330: 12328: 12313: 12304: 12297: 12291: 12290: 12288: 12286: 12280: 12274:. Archived from 12273: 12265: 12259: 12246: 12240: 12239: 12237: 12235: 12226:. Archived from 12215: 12209: 12208: 12206: 12204: 12185: 12179: 12178: 12176: 12174: 12153: 12147: 12146: 12144: 12142: 12122: 12116: 12115: 12113: 12111: 12096: 12090: 12089: 12079: 12047: 12041: 12040: 12030: 12006: 12000: 11999: 11989: 11979: 11955: 11949: 11948: 11946: 11944: 11924: 11918: 11917: 11915: 11913: 11907: 11896: 11888: 11879: 11878: 11876: 11844: 11838: 11837: 11835: 11833: 11814: 11805: 11804: 11802: 11800: 11781: 11775: 11774: 11772: 11770: 11755: 11749: 11748: 11746: 11744: 11725: 11714: 11713: 11711: 11709: 11690: 11681: 11680: 11678: 11676: 11657: 11651: 11650: 11648: 11646: 11635: 11624: 11623: 11618:Pat, Mr (2009). 11615: 11609: 11608: 11606: 11604: 11589: 11583: 11582: 11580: 11578: 11567: 11561: 11560: 11558: 11556: 11540: 11534: 11533: 11531: 11529: 11514: 11508: 11507: 11495: 11489: 11488: 11470: 11464: 11463: 11442: 11436: 11435: 11433: 11431: 11416: 11410: 11409: 11402: 11396: 11395: 11393: 11391: 11376: 11370: 11369: 11367: 11365: 11350: 11344: 11343: 11341: 11339: 11333: 11326: 11318: 11312: 11311: 11303: 11297: 11296: 11294: 11292: 11277: 11271: 11270: 11268: 11266: 11255: 11249: 11248: 11246: 11244: 11229: 11223: 11222: 11220: 11218: 11198: 11192: 11191: 11189: 11187: 11172: 11166: 11165: 11163: 11161: 11138: 11132: 11131: 11129: 11127: 11116: 11110: 11097: 11091: 11090: 11088: 11086: 11071: 11065: 11064: 11062: 11060: 11041: 11035: 11034: 11032: 11030: 11019: 11013: 10994: 10988: 10969: 10963: 10944: 10938: 10937: 10935: 10933: 10917: 10911: 10910: 10908: 10906: 10886: 10880: 10879: 10877: 10875: 10870:on 11 April 2015 10860: 10854: 10838: 10832: 10817: 10811: 10810: 10808: 10806: 10784: 10778: 10769: 10756: 10755: 10753: 10751: 10736: 10730: 10728: 10726: 10724: 10718: 10711: 10703: 10697: 10694: 10688: 10687: 10685: 10683: 10664: 10658: 10657: 10655: 10653: 10625: 10619: 10618: 10616: 10614: 10595: 10589: 10588: 10586: 10584: 10578: 10567: 10559: 10553: 10552: 10551:on 24 July 2011. 10541: 10535: 10534: 10532: 10530: 10514: 10508: 10507: 10505: 10503: 10494:. Archived from 10483: 10474: 10473: 10471: 10469: 10450: 10444: 10443: 10441: 10439: 10419: 10410: 10409: 10407: 10405: 10386: 10380: 10379: 10377: 10375: 10365: 10357: 10351: 10350: 10348: 10346: 10331: 10325: 10324: 10322: 10320: 10305: 10299: 10298: 10296: 10294: 10279: 10273: 10272: 10270: 10268: 10249: 10243: 10242: 10240: 10238: 10227:Defenceweb.co.za 10219: 10213: 10212: 10210: 10208: 10189: 10183: 10182: 10180: 10178: 10173:on 24 April 2016 10163: 10157: 10156: 10154: 10152: 10133: 10127: 10126: 10124: 10122: 10107: 10101: 10100: 10098: 10096: 10077: 10071: 10070: 10068: 10066: 10047: 10041: 10040: 10038: 10036: 10017: 10011: 10010: 10008: 10006: 9987: 9981: 9980: 9978: 9976: 9957: 9951: 9950: 9948: 9946: 9931: 9925: 9924: 9919:. Archived from 9913: 9907: 9906: 9904: 9902: 9882: 9876: 9875: 9873: 9871: 9856: 9850: 9849: 9847: 9845: 9826: 9820: 9819: 9817: 9815: 9795: 9789: 9788: 9786: 9784: 9778: 9771: 9762: 9756: 9755: 9754:on 28 June 2009. 9744: 9738: 9737: 9735: 9733: 9717: 9711: 9710: 9708: 9706: 9690: 9684: 9683: 9681: 9679: 9664: 9658: 9657: 9655: 9653: 9631: 9625: 9624: 9622: 9620: 9609:Business Insider 9600: 9591: 9590: 9588: 9586: 9570: 9559: 9558: 9556: 9554: 9532: 9526: 9512: 9503: 9502: 9500: 9498: 9489:. Archived from 9479: 9473: 9472: 9470: 9468: 9448: 9442: 9441: 9439: 9437: 9410: 9401: 9400: 9398: 9396: 9381: 9372: 9371: 9369: 9367: 9351: 9345: 9344: 9342: 9340: 9325: 9319: 9318: 9316: 9314: 9299: 9293: 9292: 9290: 9288: 9272: 9266: 9265: 9263: 9261: 9252:. 16 June 2016. 9242: 9236: 9235: 9233: 9231: 9216: 9210: 9209: 9207: 9205: 9190: 9184: 9183: 9181: 9179: 9160: 9154: 9153: 9151: 9149: 9130: 9124: 9123: 9121: 9119: 9098: 9092: 9091: 9089: 9087: 9066: 9060: 9059: 9057: 9055: 9036: 9023: 9022: 9020: 9018: 9003: 8997: 8996: 8989:"The World Bank" 8985: 8979: 8978: 8963: 8957: 8956: 8954: 8952: 8943:. 25 June 2008. 8931: 8925: 8924: 8922: 8920: 8900: 8894: 8893: 8891: 8889: 8874: 8868: 8867: 8865: 8863: 8854:. 15 July 2019. 8842: 8836: 8835: 8833: 8831: 8825: 8818: 8809: 8803: 8802: 8800: 8798: 8783: 8777: 8776: 8774: 8772: 8757: 8751: 8750: 8748: 8746: 8727: 8721: 8720: 8718: 8716: 8701: 8695: 8694: 8692: 8690: 8675: 8669: 8668: 8666: 8664: 8655:. Archived from 8644: 8638: 8637: 8635: 8633: 8614: 8608: 8601: 8595: 8594: 8592: 8590: 8571: 8565: 8564: 8562: 8560: 8545: 8539: 8538: 8536: 8534: 8515: 8509: 8508: 8506: 8504: 8485: 8479: 8478: 8476: 8474: 8455: 8449: 8448: 8446: 8444: 8425: 8419: 8418: 8416: 8414: 8399: 8388: 8387: 8385: 8383: 8368: 8362: 8361: 8359: 8357: 8342: 8336: 8335: 8328: 8322: 8316: 8310: 8309: 8307: 8305: 8289: 8283: 8282: 8280: 8278: 8257: 8251: 8250: 8248: 8246: 8226: 8220: 8219: 8217: 8215: 8200: 8194: 8193: 8191: 8189: 8174: 8168: 8167: 8161: 8159: 8139: 8133: 8132: 8130: 8128: 8113: 8107: 8106: 8104: 8102: 8087: 8081: 8080: 8078: 8076: 8057: 8051: 8050: 8048: 8046: 8027: 8021: 8020: 8018: 8016: 8007:. Archived from 7997: 7991: 7990: 7988: 7986: 7977:. Archived from 7967: 7961: 7960: 7958: 7956: 7937: 7931: 7930: 7928: 7926: 7921:on 13 March 2016 7917:. Archived from 7906: 7900: 7899: 7897: 7895: 7876: 7867: 7866: 7864: 7862: 7847: 7841: 7840: 7838: 7836: 7817: 7811: 7810: 7808: 7806: 7791: 7785: 7784: 7782: 7780: 7764: 7758: 7757: 7755: 7753: 7738: 7732: 7731: 7725: 7707: 7699: 7693: 7692: 7691:on 20 July 2011. 7687:. Archived from 7681: 7675: 7674: 7672: 7670: 7649: 7643: 7642: 7640: 7638: 7627: 7621: 7620: 7618: 7616: 7601: 7595: 7594: 7592: 7590: 7581:. 11 July 2011. 7565: 7554: 7553: 7551: 7549: 7530: 7524: 7523: 7505: 7499: 7498: 7488: 7470: 7438: 7432: 7431: 7429: 7427: 7407: 7401: 7400: 7398: 7396: 7380: 7371: 7370: 7368: 7366: 7351: 7345: 7344: 7342: 7340: 7324: 7318: 7317: 7306: 7300: 7299: 7297: 7295: 7280: 7274: 7273: 7271: 7269: 7254: 7248: 7247: 7245: 7243: 7232: 7226: 7225: 7223: 7221: 7206: 7200: 7199: 7197: 7195: 7180: 7174: 7173: 7171: 7169: 7154: 7148: 7147: 7145: 7143: 7127: 7121: 7120: 7118: 7116: 7097: 7091: 7090: 7088: 7086: 7067: 7061: 7060: 7058: 7056: 7041: 7035: 7034: 7032: 7030: 7015: 7009: 7008: 7006: 7004: 6989: 6983: 6982: 6980: 6978: 6957: 6951: 6950: 6948: 6946: 6927: 6921: 6920: 6918: 6916: 6901: 6895: 6894: 6892: 6890: 6875: 6869: 6868: 6866: 6864: 6849: 6843: 6842: 6840: 6838: 6823: 6817: 6816: 6814: 6812: 6797: 6791: 6790: 6788: 6786: 6766: 6760: 6759: 6757: 6755: 6740: 6734: 6733: 6731: 6729: 6714: 6708: 6707: 6705: 6703: 6684: 6675: 6674: 6672: 6670: 6651: 6645: 6644: 6642: 6640: 6620: 6614: 6613: 6611: 6609: 6594: 6585: 6584: 6582: 6580: 6560: 6554: 6553: 6551: 6549: 6530: 6524: 6523: 6518:. Archived from 6508: 6502: 6501: 6499: 6497: 6488:. 14 July 2011. 6478: 6472: 6471: 6469: 6467: 6448: 6442: 6429: 6423: 6422: 6420: 6418: 6403: 6397: 6396: 6394: 6392: 6377: 6371: 6370: 6368: 6366: 6344: 6338: 6337: 6335: 6333: 6313: 6307: 6306: 6304: 6302: 6287: 6281: 6280: 6278: 6276: 6261: 6255: 6254: 6252: 6250: 6235: 6229: 6219: 6213: 6212: 6210: 6208: 6176: 6170: 6169: 6161: 6152: 6142: 6136: 6123: 6117: 6107: 6101: 6100: 6088: 6071: 6065: 6064: 6062: 6060: 6041: 6035: 6034: 6019: 6013: 6012: 6010: 6008: 5993: 5987: 5986: 5984: 5982: 5963: 5957: 5954: 5948: 5947: 5945: 5943: 5928: 5919: 5918: 5916: 5914: 5899: 5893: 5892: 5890: 5888: 5879:. Archived from 5868: 5862: 5861: 5859: 5857: 5842: 5836: 5835: 5833: 5831: 5820:The East African 5811: 5805: 5804: 5802: 5800: 5781: 5775: 5774: 5772: 5770: 5751: 5745: 5744: 5742: 5740: 5731:. 19 June 2011. 5725: 5719: 5718: 5716: 5714: 5705:. 10 July 2011. 5699: 5693: 5692: 5690: 5688: 5677: 5671: 5670: 5668: 5666: 5647: 5641: 5640: 5638: 5636: 5621: 5615: 5614: 5612: 5610: 5595: 5589: 5588: 5586: 5584: 5578: 5567: 5559: 5553: 5552: 5550: 5548: 5533: 5527: 5526: 5524: 5522: 5513:. October 2022. 5503: 5488: 5487: 5485: 5483: 5464: 5458: 5457: 5455: 5453: 5433: 5420: 5404: 5398: 5382: 5376: 5375: 5373: 5371: 5365: 5318: 5309: 5303: 5284: 5278: 5259: 5253: 5252: 5250: 5248: 5242: 5235: 5227: 5221: 5219: 5217: 5215: 5200: 5180: 5173: 5161: 5158: 5025:Goma Genaro Awad 4614:infant mortality 4567: 4450:Episcopal Church 4374:followed by the 4342:in South Sudan. 4259:language of the 4217:(4.35 million), 3977: 3967: 3942: 3935: 3934: 3601: 3596: 3551:Wau, South Sudan 3282:. The country's 3090:". In 2010, the 3027:Dominic Dim Deng 2332: 2323: 2314: 2203:replaced him as 2114:The now defunct 1828: 1821: 1817: 1814: 1808: 1785: 1777: 1683:of the country. 1622: 1613: 1607: 1508:Independence Day 1421:(SPLA/M) in the 1392:Fashoda Incident 1363:in 1874, and by 1099: 1098: 1092: 876: 875: 872: 871: 868: 865: 862: 857: 856: 853: 850: 847: 844: 841: 762: 729: 728: 722: 721: 715: 704: 703: 697: 696: 690: 674: 673: 655: 654: 638: 622: 621: 603: 602: 586: 553:12,703,714 ( 407:Jemma Nunu Kumba 234:Spoken languages 181: 164: 163: 161: 160: 159: 154: 153:4.850°N 31.600°E 150: 147: 146: 145: 142: 127:and largest city 117: 107: 106: 70: 56: 39: 38: 14468: 14467: 14463: 14462: 14461: 14459: 14458: 14457: 14373: 14372: 14371: 14366: 14330: 14314: 14283: 14262: 14258:Pelagie Islands 14241: 14217: 14215: 14205: 14193: 14175: 14172: 14164: 14143: 14140: 14132: 14123: 13839: 13830: 13800: 13795: 13787: 13780: 13767: 13758:Public holidays 13704: 13638: 13577: 13553:Law enforcement 13489: 13452: 13438:Ethnic violence 13374: 13368: 13330: 13328: 13324: 13321: 13316: 13313: 13311: 13309: 13308: 13203: 13198: 13191: 13180: 13176: 13167: 13165: 13152: 13146: 13119: 13100: 13044:Country Studies 13041: 13032: 13027: 13025:Further reading 13022: 13021: 13011: 13009: 12996: 12995: 12991: 12981: 12979: 12966: 12965: 12961: 12951: 12949: 12936: 12935: 12928: 12918: 12916: 12907: 12906: 12902: 12892: 12890: 12883: 12867: 12863: 12853: 12851: 12842: 12841: 12837: 12827: 12825: 12813: 12812: 12808: 12798: 12796: 12787: 12786: 12782: 12772: 12770: 12761: 12760: 12756: 12746: 12744: 12735: 12734: 12730: 12720: 12718: 12705: 12704: 12700: 12690: 12688: 12677: 12673: 12663: 12661: 12652: 12651: 12647: 12637: 12635: 12620: 12619: 12615: 12605: 12603: 12594: 12593: 12589: 12579: 12577: 12568: 12567: 12563: 12553: 12551: 12542: 12541: 12537: 12527: 12525: 12514: 12510: 12500: 12498: 12483: 12479: 12469: 12467: 12458: 12457: 12453: 12443: 12441: 12426: 12422: 12412: 12410: 12401: 12400: 12396: 12386: 12384: 12371: 12370: 12366: 12356: 12354: 12341: 12340: 12336: 12326: 12324: 12315: 12314: 12307: 12298: 12294: 12284: 12282: 12278: 12271: 12267: 12266: 12262: 12257:Wayback Machine 12247: 12243: 12233: 12231: 12216: 12212: 12202: 12200: 12187: 12186: 12182: 12172: 12170: 12155: 12154: 12150: 12140: 12138: 12123: 12119: 12109: 12107: 12098: 12097: 12093: 12048: 12044: 12007: 12003: 11964:Malaria Journal 11956: 11952: 11942: 11940: 11925: 11921: 11911: 11909: 11905: 11894: 11890: 11889: 11882: 11845: 11841: 11831: 11829: 11816: 11815: 11808: 11798: 11796: 11783: 11782: 11778: 11768: 11766: 11757: 11756: 11752: 11742: 11740: 11727: 11726: 11717: 11707: 11705: 11692: 11691: 11684: 11674: 11672: 11671:on 12 July 2011 11659: 11658: 11654: 11644: 11642: 11637: 11636: 11627: 11616: 11612: 11602: 11600: 11591: 11590: 11586: 11576: 11574: 11569: 11568: 11564: 11554: 11552: 11541: 11537: 11527: 11525: 11516: 11515: 11511: 11496: 11492: 11485: 11471: 11467: 11460: 11443: 11439: 11429: 11427: 11418: 11417: 11413: 11404: 11403: 11399: 11389: 11387: 11378: 11377: 11373: 11363: 11361: 11352: 11351: 11347: 11337: 11335: 11331: 11324: 11320: 11319: 11315: 11304: 11300: 11290: 11288: 11279: 11278: 11274: 11264: 11262: 11257: 11256: 11252: 11242: 11240: 11231: 11230: 11226: 11216: 11214: 11199: 11195: 11185: 11183: 11174: 11173: 11169: 11159: 11157: 11140: 11139: 11135: 11125: 11123: 11118: 11117: 11113: 11098: 11094: 11084: 11082: 11073: 11072: 11068: 11058: 11056: 11043: 11042: 11038: 11028: 11026: 11021: 11020: 11016: 11010:Wayback Machine 10995: 10991: 10985:Wayback Machine 10972:Asharq Al-Awsat 10970: 10966: 10960:Wayback Machine 10945: 10941: 10931: 10929: 10918: 10914: 10904: 10902: 10887: 10883: 10873: 10871: 10862: 10861: 10857: 10851:Wayback Machine 10839: 10835: 10829:Wayback Machine 10818: 10814: 10804: 10802: 10786: 10785: 10781: 10770: 10759: 10749: 10747: 10738: 10737: 10733: 10722: 10720: 10716: 10709: 10705: 10704: 10700: 10695: 10691: 10681: 10679: 10666: 10665: 10661: 10651: 10649: 10642: 10626: 10622: 10612: 10610: 10597: 10596: 10592: 10582: 10580: 10576: 10565: 10561: 10560: 10556: 10543: 10542: 10538: 10528: 10526: 10515: 10511: 10501: 10499: 10498:on 14 July 2011 10484: 10477: 10467: 10465: 10460:. 8 July 2009. 10452: 10451: 10447: 10437: 10435: 10420: 10413: 10403: 10401: 10388: 10387: 10383: 10373: 10371: 10363: 10359: 10358: 10354: 10344: 10342: 10333: 10332: 10328: 10318: 10316: 10307: 10306: 10302: 10292: 10290: 10281: 10280: 10276: 10266: 10264: 10257:goss-online.org 10251: 10250: 10246: 10236: 10234: 10221: 10220: 10216: 10206: 10204: 10199:. 8 July 2011. 10191: 10190: 10186: 10176: 10174: 10165: 10164: 10160: 10150: 10148: 10135: 10134: 10130: 10120: 10118: 10109: 10108: 10104: 10094: 10092: 10079: 10078: 10074: 10064: 10062: 10049: 10048: 10044: 10034: 10032: 10027:. 11 May 2013. 10025:The EastAfrican 10019: 10018: 10014: 10004: 10002: 9995:The EastAfrican 9989: 9988: 9984: 9974: 9972: 9959: 9958: 9954: 9944: 9942: 9933: 9932: 9928: 9915: 9914: 9910: 9900: 9898: 9883: 9879: 9869: 9867: 9858: 9857: 9853: 9843: 9841: 9828: 9827: 9823: 9813: 9811: 9796: 9792: 9782: 9780: 9776: 9769: 9763: 9759: 9746: 9745: 9741: 9731: 9729: 9718: 9714: 9704: 9702: 9691: 9687: 9677: 9675: 9666: 9665: 9661: 9651: 9649: 9641:The Independent 9632: 9628: 9618: 9616: 9601: 9594: 9584: 9582: 9571: 9562: 9552: 9550: 9533: 9529: 9523:Wayback Machine 9513: 9506: 9496: 9494: 9481: 9480: 9476: 9466: 9464: 9449: 9445: 9435: 9433: 9412: 9411: 9404: 9394: 9392: 9383: 9382: 9375: 9365: 9363: 9352: 9348: 9338: 9336: 9327: 9326: 9322: 9312: 9310: 9301: 9300: 9296: 9286: 9284: 9273: 9269: 9259: 9257: 9244: 9243: 9239: 9229: 9227: 9218: 9217: 9213: 9203: 9201: 9192: 9191: 9187: 9177: 9175: 9162: 9161: 9157: 9147: 9145: 9132: 9131: 9127: 9117: 9115: 9100: 9099: 9095: 9085: 9083: 9082:on 29 June 2011 9068: 9067: 9063: 9053: 9051: 9038: 9037: 9026: 9016: 9014: 9005: 9004: 9000: 8987: 8986: 8982: 8965: 8964: 8960: 8950: 8948: 8933: 8932: 8928: 8918: 8916: 8901: 8897: 8887: 8885: 8884:. 30 April 2024 8876: 8875: 8871: 8861: 8859: 8844: 8843: 8839: 8829: 8827: 8823: 8816: 8810: 8806: 8796: 8794: 8785: 8784: 8780: 8770: 8768: 8759: 8758: 8754: 8744: 8742: 8729: 8728: 8724: 8714: 8712: 8703: 8702: 8698: 8688: 8686: 8677: 8676: 8672: 8662: 8660: 8659:on 11 July 2011 8645: 8641: 8631: 8629: 8628:on 29 June 2011 8616: 8615: 8611: 8602: 8598: 8588: 8586: 8585:on 11 July 2011 8573: 8572: 8568: 8558: 8556: 8547: 8546: 8542: 8532: 8530: 8529:on 12 July 2011 8517: 8516: 8512: 8502: 8500: 8499:on 3 April 2012 8487: 8486: 8482: 8472: 8470: 8469:on 29 July 2011 8457: 8456: 8452: 8442: 8440: 8427: 8426: 8422: 8412: 8410: 8401: 8400: 8391: 8381: 8379: 8370: 8369: 8365: 8355: 8353: 8344: 8343: 8339: 8329: 8325: 8318:D. H. Johnson, 8317: 8313: 8303: 8301: 8290: 8286: 8276: 8274: 8259: 8258: 8254: 8244: 8242: 8227: 8223: 8213: 8211: 8202: 8201: 8197: 8187: 8185: 8176: 8175: 8171: 8157: 8155: 8140: 8136: 8126: 8124: 8115: 8114: 8110: 8100: 8098: 8089: 8088: 8084: 8074: 8072: 8059: 8058: 8054: 8044: 8042: 8029: 8028: 8024: 8014: 8012: 8011:on 4 March 2016 7999: 7998: 7994: 7984: 7982: 7969: 7968: 7964: 7954: 7952: 7939: 7938: 7934: 7924: 7922: 7915:The Independent 7907: 7903: 7893: 7891: 7878: 7877: 7870: 7860: 7858: 7849: 7848: 7844: 7834: 7832: 7831:on 29 June 2011 7819: 7818: 7814: 7804: 7802: 7801:on 29 June 2012 7793: 7792: 7788: 7778: 7776: 7765: 7761: 7751: 7749: 7740: 7739: 7735: 7700: 7696: 7683: 7682: 7678: 7668: 7666: 7665:on 11 July 2011 7651: 7650: 7646: 7636: 7634: 7629: 7628: 7624: 7614: 7612: 7605:"Weather: Juba" 7603: 7602: 7598: 7588: 7586: 7567: 7566: 7557: 7547: 7545: 7532: 7531: 7527: 7520: 7506: 7502: 7439: 7435: 7425: 7423: 7412:"Bahr el Jabal" 7410: 7408: 7404: 7394: 7392: 7381: 7374: 7364: 7362: 7353: 7352: 7348: 7338: 7336: 7325: 7321: 7308: 7307: 7303: 7293: 7291: 7282: 7281: 7277: 7267: 7265: 7256: 7255: 7251: 7241: 7239: 7234: 7233: 7229: 7219: 7217: 7208: 7207: 7203: 7193: 7191: 7182: 7181: 7177: 7167: 7165: 7156: 7155: 7151: 7141: 7139: 7128: 7124: 7114: 7112: 7099: 7098: 7094: 7084: 7082: 7069: 7068: 7064: 7054: 7052: 7043: 7042: 7038: 7028: 7026: 7017: 7016: 7012: 7002: 7000: 6991: 6990: 6986: 6976: 6974: 6973:on 26 July 2018 6959: 6958: 6954: 6944: 6942: 6929: 6928: 6924: 6914: 6912: 6903: 6902: 6898: 6888: 6886: 6877: 6876: 6872: 6862: 6860: 6851: 6850: 6846: 6836: 6834: 6825: 6824: 6820: 6810: 6808: 6799: 6798: 6794: 6784: 6782: 6767: 6763: 6753: 6751: 6742: 6741: 6737: 6727: 6725: 6716: 6715: 6711: 6701: 6699: 6686: 6685: 6678: 6668: 6666: 6653: 6652: 6648: 6638: 6636: 6629:The Boson Globe 6621: 6617: 6607: 6605: 6596: 6595: 6588: 6578: 6576: 6561: 6557: 6547: 6545: 6532: 6531: 6527: 6510: 6509: 6505: 6495: 6493: 6480: 6479: 6475: 6465: 6463: 6450: 6449: 6445: 6439:Wayback Machine 6430: 6426: 6416: 6414: 6405: 6404: 6400: 6390: 6388: 6379: 6378: 6374: 6364: 6362: 6345: 6341: 6331: 6329: 6314: 6310: 6300: 6298: 6289: 6288: 6284: 6274: 6272: 6267:. 12 May 2022. 6263: 6262: 6258: 6248: 6246: 6237: 6236: 6232: 6220: 6216: 6206: 6204: 6177: 6173: 6162: 6155: 6143: 6139: 6126:Richard Cockett 6124: 6120: 6108: 6104: 6097: 6072: 6068: 6058: 6056: 6043: 6042: 6038: 6020: 6016: 6006: 6004: 5995: 5994: 5990: 5980: 5978: 5977:on 29 July 2012 5965: 5964: 5960: 5955: 5951: 5941: 5939: 5930: 5929: 5922: 5912: 5910: 5901: 5900: 5896: 5886: 5884: 5883:on 15 July 2011 5869: 5865: 5855: 5853: 5844: 5843: 5839: 5829: 5827: 5812: 5808: 5798: 5796: 5783: 5782: 5778: 5768: 5766: 5761:. 28 May 2018. 5753: 5752: 5748: 5738: 5736: 5727: 5726: 5722: 5712: 5710: 5701: 5700: 5696: 5686: 5684: 5679: 5678: 5674: 5664: 5662: 5649: 5648: 5644: 5634: 5632: 5623: 5622: 5618: 5608: 5606: 5597: 5596: 5592: 5582: 5580: 5576: 5565: 5561: 5560: 5556: 5546: 5544: 5535: 5534: 5530: 5520: 5518: 5505: 5504: 5491: 5481: 5479: 5466: 5465: 5461: 5451: 5449: 5435: 5434: 5423: 5417:Wayback Machine 5405: 5401: 5395:Wayback Machine 5383: 5379: 5369: 5367: 5363: 5316: 5310: 5306: 5300:Wayback Machine 5285: 5281: 5275:Wayback Machine 5260: 5256: 5246: 5244: 5240: 5233: 5229: 5228: 5224: 5213: 5211: 5210:on 21 July 2011 5202: 5201: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5183: 5174: 5170: 5165: 5164: 5159: 5155: 5150: 5138: 5102:finishing 7th. 4957: 4951: 4931:Yei River State 4908: 4894:. In May 2020, 4856: 4850: 4798: 4771:Sudanese Arabic 4751: 4745: 4739: 4715: 4695:ethnic violence 4609: 4603: 4597: 4565: 4561: 4555: 4526:Nilotic peoples 4428:Catholic Church 4420:. In 2001, the 4392:official census 4354: 4348: 4328:Asharq Al-Awsat 4279:Sudanese Arabic 4269:creole language 4203:Central Sudanic 4176: 4170: 3978: 3972: 3968: 3940: 3939: 3933: 3908: 3902: 3866: 3850: 3813: 3808: 3759: 3753: 3747: 3713: 3707: 3701: 3631: 3625: 3599: 3594: 3591: 3585: 3575:helicopters at 3535:Jebel Aulia Dam 3516: 3510: 3482: 3413: 3396: 3315: 3193: 3187: 3181: 3139:Recruitment of 3134:Homosexual acts 3100:Nuer White Army 3060: 3054: 3023: 3017: 2835: 2829: 2676: 2670: 2464: 2337: 2330: 2328: 2321: 2319: 2312: 2301: 2296: 2232: 2122:shortly before 2085: 2080: 2072:Main articles: 2070: 2065: 2059: 2046: 2032: 1829: 1818: 1812: 1809: 1798: 1786: 1775: 1769: 1755:An outbreak of 1734: 1728: 1696: 1627: 1620: 1618: 1611: 1609: 1605: 1597: 1591: 1585: 1539:Nuer White Army 1444: 1116: 1110: 1072: 1046:(ahead of only 1008:Nilotic peoples 1001:ethnic violence 859: 838: 834: 824: 757: 726: 725: 724: 713: 701: 700: 699: 688: 667: 648: 636: 615: 596: 580: 564: 550: 529: 508: 495: 481: 462: 447: 422:Chan Reec Madut 418: 403: 388: 373: 328: 294: 286: 227: 179: 157: 155: 151: 148: 143: 140: 138: 136: 135: 134: 128: 120: 108: 101: 78: 77: 76: 71: 63: 62: 57: 44: 35: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 14466: 14456: 14455: 14450: 14445: 14440: 14435: 14430: 14425: 14420: 14415: 14410: 14405: 14400: 14395: 14390: 14385: 14368: 14367: 14365: 14364: 14352: 14339: 14336: 14335: 14332: 14331: 14329: 14328: 14322: 14320: 14316: 14315: 14313: 14312: 14307: 14302: 14297: 14295:Canary Islands 14291: 14289: 14285: 14284: 14282: 14281: 14279:Savage Islands 14276: 14270: 14268: 14264: 14263: 14261: 14260: 14255: 14249: 14247: 14243: 14242: 14240: 14239: 14234: 14228: 14226: 14219: 14211: 14210: 14207: 14206: 14201: 14199: 14198:United Kingdom 14195: 14194: 14192: 14191: 14185: 14183: 14176: 14169: 14166: 14165: 14163: 14162: 14157: 14146: 14144: 14137: 14134: 14133: 14126: 14124: 14122: 14121: 14116: 14111: 14106: 14101: 14096: 14091: 14086: 14081: 14076: 14071: 14066: 14061: 14056: 14051: 14046: 14041: 14036: 14031: 14026: 14021: 14016: 14011: 14006: 14001: 13996: 13991: 13986: 13981: 13976: 13971: 13966: 13961: 13956: 13951: 13946: 13941: 13936: 13931: 13926: 13920: 13915: 13910: 13905: 13900: 13895: 13890: 13885: 13880: 13875: 13870: 13865: 13860: 13855: 13849: 13847: 13841: 13840: 13829: 13828: 13821: 13814: 13806: 13797: 13796: 13794: 13793: 13786: 13785: 13777: 13776: 13773: 13772: 13769: 13768: 13766: 13765: 13760: 13755: 13750: 13745: 13740: 13735: 13730: 13725: 13720: 13714: 13712: 13706: 13705: 13703: 13702: 13697: 13692: 13687: 13682: 13677: 13672: 13667: 13662: 13660:Child marriage 13656: 13650: 13644: 13643: 13640: 13639: 13637: 13636: 13631: 13626: 13621: 13616: 13611: 13606: 13601: 13595: 13589: 13583: 13582: 13579: 13578: 13576: 13575: 13573:Vice President 13570: 13565: 13560: 13555: 13550: 13545: 13544: 13543: 13533: 13528: 13523: 13518: 13513: 13507: 13501: 13495: 13494: 13491: 13490: 13488: 13487: 13485:Climate change 13482: 13477: 13472: 13466: 13460: 13454: 13453: 13451: 13450: 13445: 13440: 13435: 13430: 13425: 13420: 13419: 13418: 13413: 13405: 13400: 13395: 13390: 13384: 13382: 13376: 13375: 13373: articles 13367: 13366: 13359: 13352: 13344: 13306: 13305: 13300: 13290: 13278: 13273: 13256: 13246: 13237: 13221: 13215: 13209: 13202: 13201:External links 13199: 13197: 13196: 13174: 13150: 13144: 13131: 13117: 13104: 13098: 13085: 13078: 13064: 13028: 13026: 13023: 13020: 13019: 12989: 12959: 12926: 12900: 12881: 12861: 12835: 12806: 12780: 12767:southsudan.biz 12754: 12741:southsudan.biz 12728: 12698: 12671: 12645: 12613: 12587: 12561: 12535: 12508: 12477: 12451: 12420: 12394: 12364: 12334: 12305: 12292: 12260: 12241: 12210: 12180: 12148: 12117: 12091: 12042: 12001: 11950: 11919: 11880: 11839: 11806: 11776: 11750: 11715: 11682: 11652: 11625: 11622:. p. 105. 11610: 11584: 11562: 11535: 11509: 11490: 11483: 11465: 11458: 11446:Kaufmann, Eric 11437: 11411: 11397: 11371: 11360:on 20 May 2012 11345: 11313: 11298: 11272: 11250: 11224: 11193: 11167: 11146:The Daily Star 11133: 11111: 11092: 11066: 11049:The Daily Star 11036: 11014: 10989: 10964: 10939: 10912: 10881: 10855: 10833: 10812: 10779: 10757: 10731: 10698: 10689: 10659: 10640: 10620: 10605:(in Swedish). 10590: 10554: 10536: 10509: 10475: 10445: 10411: 10381: 10352: 10326: 10300: 10274: 10259:. 1 May 2013. 10244: 10214: 10184: 10158: 10128: 10102: 10087:. 5 May 2014. 10072: 10042: 10012: 9982: 9952: 9926: 9908: 9877: 9866:on 14 May 2012 9851: 9821: 9790: 9757: 9739: 9712: 9685: 9659: 9626: 9592: 9560: 9527: 9504: 9474: 9443: 9402: 9373: 9346: 9320: 9294: 9267: 9237: 9211: 9185: 9174:on 4 July 2012 9155: 9125: 9093: 9061: 9024: 8998: 8980: 8958: 8926: 8895: 8869: 8837: 8804: 8778: 8752: 8722: 8696: 8670: 8639: 8609: 8596: 8566: 8540: 8510: 8480: 8450: 8420: 8389: 8363: 8337: 8323: 8311: 8284: 8252: 8221: 8195: 8169: 8134: 8119:. Al Jazeera. 8108: 8082: 8052: 8022: 7992: 7962: 7932: 7901: 7868: 7842: 7812: 7786: 7759: 7733: 7716:(2): 174–196. 7694: 7676: 7644: 7622: 7596: 7555: 7525: 7518: 7500: 7433: 7402: 7372: 7346: 7319: 7301: 7275: 7249: 7227: 7201: 7175: 7149: 7134:. Al Jazeera. 7130:Mednick, Sam. 7122: 7092: 7062: 7036: 7010: 6984: 6952: 6935:Foreign Policy 6922: 6896: 6870: 6844: 6818: 6792: 6761: 6735: 6709: 6676: 6646: 6615: 6586: 6555: 6525: 6503: 6473: 6443: 6424: 6398: 6372: 6339: 6308: 6282: 6256: 6230: 6214: 6171: 6153: 6137: 6118: 6102: 6095: 6077:, ed. (1991). 6066: 6036: 6030:Bilad as-Sūdan 6014: 5988: 5958: 5949: 5920: 5894: 5863: 5837: 5806: 5776: 5746: 5720: 5694: 5672: 5642: 5616: 5590: 5554: 5539:. World Bank. 5528: 5489: 5459: 5421: 5399: 5377: 5327:(1): 209–230. 5304: 5279: 5254: 5222: 5191: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5182: 5181: 5167: 5166: 5163: 5162: 5152: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5145: 5144: 5137: 5134: 5072:Wenyen Gabriel 5017:Richard Justin 4953:Main article: 4950: 4947: 4907: 4904: 4900:Nile citizens 4852:Main article: 4849: 4846: 4797: 4794: 4741:Main article: 4738: 4735: 4714: 4711: 4703:child marriage 4670:Éliane Duthoit 4654:still occurs. 4652:dracunculiasis 4599:Main article: 4596: 4593: 4557:Main article: 4554: 4551: 4537:South Sudanese 4414:Roman Catholic 4376:South Sudanese 4350:Main article: 4347: 4344: 4332:Deng Alor Kuol 4294:Bantu language 4209:branch of the 4207:Adamawa-Ubangi 4172:Main article: 4169: 4166: 4163: 4162: 4159: 4154: 4149: 4145: 4144: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4127: 4126: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4109: 4108: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4091: 4090: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4073: 4072: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4055: 4054: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4037: 4036: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4019: 4018: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4001: 4000: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3983: 3982: 3961: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3944: 3943: 3932: 3931:Largest cities 3929: 3904:Main article: 3901: 3898: 3894:Horn of Africa 3865: 3862: 3849: 3846: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3772:infrastructure 3749:Main article: 3746: 3743: 3735:Water is Basic 3700: 3697: 3627:Main article: 3624: 3621: 3587:Main article: 3584: 3581: 3512:Main article: 3509: 3506: 3492:, and has two 3481: 3478: 3412: 3409: 3395: 3392: 3314: 3311: 3216:infrastructure 3183:Main article: 3180: 3177: 3153:child soldiers 3141:child soldiers 3130:child marriage 3056:Main article: 3053: 3050: 3031:Southern Sudan 3019:Main article: 3016: 3013: 2927:United Kingdom 2850:Omar al-Bashir 2831:Main article: 2828: 2825: 2824: 2823: 2817: 2816: 2812: 2811: 2806: 2800: 2799: 2795: 2794: 2789: 2784: 2778: 2777: 2771: 2770: 2765: 2755: 2749: 2748: 2742: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2726: 2720: 2719: 2717:Bahr el Ghazal 2702:Bahr el Ghazal 2695:Ilemi Triangle 2672:Main article: 2669: 2666: 2662: 2661: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2644:Southern Liech 2641: 2636: 2634:Northern Liech 2631: 2626: 2621: 2616: 2611: 2606: 2601: 2595: 2594: 2590: 2589: 2584: 2579: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2554: 2549: 2544: 2538: 2537: 2533: 2532: 2527: 2522: 2517: 2512: 2507: 2502: 2497: 2492: 2487: 2481: 2480: 2463: 2460: 2436: 2435: 2433:ROLNAATH State 2430: 2425: 2419: 2418: 2412: 2411: 2406: 2396: 2390: 2389: 2383: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2361: 2360: 2358:Bahr el Ghazal 2351:ROLNAATH State 2343:Bahr el Ghazal 2329: 2320: 2317:Bahr el Ghazal 2311: 2300: 2297: 2295: 2292: 2270:, Brazil; and 2231: 2228: 2100:George W. Bush 2084: 2081: 2069: 2066: 2061:Main article: 2058: 2055: 2031: 2028: 1975:Settlement on 1925:red river hogs 1831: 1830: 1789: 1787: 1780: 1771:Main article: 1768: 1765: 1727: 1724: 1695: 1692: 1619: 1610: 1604: 1584: 1581: 1569:South Kordofan 1535:tribal clashes 1512:United Nations 1501:Nuba Mountains 1443: 1440: 1372:Mahdist Revolt 1156:Bahr el Ghazal 1152:medieval Nubia 1112:Main article: 1109: 1106: 1090:bilād as-sūdān 1071: 1068: 1052:GDP per capita 826: 825: 823: 822: 818: 815: 814: 809: 803: 802: 797: 791: 790: 785: 779: 778: 775: 769: 768: 755: 751: 750: 740: 736: 735: 716: 706: 705: 691: 681: 680: 668: 665: 662: 661: 649: 646: 643: 642: 639: 629: 628: 616: 613: 610: 609: 597: 594: 591: 590: 587: 573: 572: 565: 563:• Density 562: 559: 558: 551: 548: 545: 544: 538: 537: 530: 527: 524: 523: 517: 516: 513: 512: 509: 503: 500: 499: 496: 490: 487: 486: 483: 482: 476: 469: 468: 463: 457: 454: 453: 448: 442: 439: 438: 433: 429: 428: 425: 424: 419: 413: 410: 409: 404: 398: 395: 394: 389: 383: 380: 379: 374: 368: 365: 364: 361: 360: 348: 342: 341: 339:South Sudanese 336: 330: 329: 327: 326: 316: 310: 304: 297: 295: 292: 288: 287: 285: 284: 282:various others 279: 274: 269: 264: 259: 254: 249: 244: 238: 236: 230: 229: 226: 225: 220: 215: 210: 205: 200: 195: 190: 184: 182: 176: 175: 170: 166: 165: 129: 126: 122: 121: 118: 110: 109: 99: 88: 87: 80: 79: 72: 65: 64: 58: 51: 50: 49: 46: 45: 42: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14465: 14454: 14451: 14449: 14446: 14444: 14441: 14439: 14436: 14434: 14431: 14429: 14426: 14424: 14421: 14419: 14416: 14414: 14411: 14409: 14406: 14404: 14401: 14399: 14396: 14394: 14391: 14389: 14386: 14384: 14381: 14380: 14378: 14363: 14362: 14361:Africa portal 14357: 14353: 14351: 14350: 14341: 14340: 14337: 14327: 14324: 14323: 14321: 14317: 14311: 14308: 14306: 14303: 14301: 14298: 14296: 14293: 14292: 14290: 14286: 14280: 14277: 14275: 14272: 14271: 14269: 14265: 14259: 14256: 14254: 14251: 14250: 14248: 14244: 14238: 14235: 14233: 14230: 14229: 14227: 14223: 14220: 14216:fully part of 14212: 14204: 14200: 14196: 14190: 14187: 14186: 14184: 14180: 14177: 14174: 14167: 14161: 14158: 14155: 14151: 14148: 14147: 14145: 14142: 14135: 14130: 14120: 14117: 14115: 14112: 14110: 14107: 14105: 14102: 14100: 14097: 14095: 14092: 14090: 14087: 14085: 14082: 14080: 14077: 14075: 14072: 14070: 14067: 14065: 14062: 14060: 14057: 14055: 14052: 14050: 14047: 14045: 14042: 14040: 14037: 14035: 14032: 14030: 14027: 14025: 14022: 14020: 14017: 14015: 14012: 14010: 14007: 14005: 14002: 14000: 13997: 13995: 13992: 13990: 13987: 13985: 13982: 13980: 13977: 13975: 13972: 13970: 13969:Guinea-Bissau 13967: 13965: 13962: 13960: 13957: 13955: 13952: 13950: 13947: 13945: 13942: 13940: 13937: 13935: 13932: 13930: 13927: 13924: 13921: 13919: 13916: 13914: 13911: 13909: 13906: 13904: 13901: 13899: 13896: 13894: 13891: 13889: 13886: 13884: 13881: 13879: 13876: 13874: 13871: 13869: 13866: 13864: 13861: 13859: 13856: 13854: 13851: 13850: 13848: 13846: 13842: 13838: 13834: 13827: 13822: 13820: 13815: 13813: 13808: 13807: 13804: 13792: 13789: 13788: 13783: 13779: 13778: 13774: 13764: 13761: 13759: 13756: 13754: 13751: 13749: 13746: 13744: 13741: 13739: 13736: 13734: 13731: 13729: 13726: 13724: 13721: 13719: 13716: 13715: 13713: 13711: 13707: 13701: 13698: 13696: 13693: 13691: 13688: 13686: 13683: 13681: 13678: 13676: 13675:Ethnic groups 13673: 13671: 13668: 13666: 13663: 13661: 13658: 13657: 13654: 13651: 13649: 13645: 13635: 13632: 13630: 13627: 13625: 13622: 13620: 13617: 13615: 13612: 13610: 13607: 13605: 13602: 13600: 13597: 13596: 13593: 13590: 13588: 13584: 13574: 13571: 13569: 13566: 13564: 13561: 13559: 13556: 13554: 13551: 13549: 13546: 13542: 13539: 13538: 13537: 13534: 13532: 13529: 13527: 13524: 13522: 13519: 13517: 13514: 13512: 13509: 13508: 13505: 13502: 13500: 13496: 13486: 13483: 13481: 13478: 13476: 13473: 13471: 13468: 13467: 13464: 13461: 13459: 13455: 13449: 13448:Famine (2017) 13446: 13444: 13441: 13439: 13436: 13434: 13431: 13429: 13426: 13424: 13421: 13417: 13414: 13412: 13409: 13408: 13406: 13404: 13401: 13399: 13396: 13394: 13391: 13389: 13386: 13385: 13383: 13381: 13377: 13372: 13365: 13360: 13358: 13353: 13351: 13346: 13345: 13342: 13338: 13335: 13304: 13301: 13298: 13294: 13293:Photo gallery 13291: 13288: 13287: 13282: 13279: 13277: 13274: 13270: 13269: 13263: 13262:"Sudan" 13257: 13254: 13250: 13247: 13245: 13241: 13238: 13235: 13231: 13230: 13225: 13222: 13219: 13216: 13213: 13210: 13208: 13205: 13204: 13190: 13186: 13179: 13175: 13163: 13159: 13155: 13151: 13147: 13141: 13137: 13132: 13128: 13124: 13120: 13114: 13110: 13105: 13101: 13095: 13091: 13086: 13083: 13079: 13077: 13073: 13069: 13065: 13063: 13062:archive.today 13059: 13056: 13050: 13046: 13045: 13039: 13038:public domain 13030: 13029: 13007: 13003: 12999: 12998:"South Sudan" 12993: 12977: 12973: 12969: 12963: 12947: 12943: 12939: 12933: 12931: 12914: 12910: 12904: 12888: 12884: 12878: 12874: 12873: 12865: 12849: 12845: 12839: 12823: 12819: 12818: 12810: 12794: 12790: 12784: 12768: 12764: 12758: 12742: 12738: 12732: 12716: 12712: 12708: 12702: 12686: 12682: 12675: 12659: 12655: 12649: 12633: 12629: 12628: 12627:Sudan Tribune 12623: 12617: 12601: 12597: 12591: 12575: 12571: 12565: 12549: 12545: 12539: 12523: 12519: 12512: 12496: 12492: 12488: 12481: 12465: 12461: 12455: 12439: 12435: 12431: 12424: 12408: 12404: 12398: 12382: 12378: 12374: 12368: 12352: 12348: 12344: 12338: 12322: 12318: 12312: 12310: 12302: 12296: 12277: 12270: 12264: 12258: 12254: 12251: 12245: 12229: 12225: 12221: 12214: 12198: 12194: 12193:Sudan Tribune 12190: 12184: 12168: 12164: 12163: 12158: 12152: 12136: 12132: 12128: 12121: 12105: 12101: 12095: 12087: 12083: 12078: 12073: 12069: 12065: 12061: 12057: 12053: 12046: 12038: 12034: 12029: 12024: 12021:(7): 505–10. 12020: 12016: 12012: 12005: 11997: 11993: 11988: 11983: 11978: 11973: 11969: 11965: 11961: 11954: 11938: 11934: 11930: 11923: 11904: 11900: 11893: 11887: 11885: 11875: 11870: 11866: 11862: 11859:(7510): 179. 11858: 11854: 11850: 11843: 11827: 11823: 11822:Sudan Tribune 11819: 11813: 11811: 11794: 11790: 11786: 11780: 11764: 11760: 11754: 11738: 11734: 11730: 11724: 11722: 11720: 11703: 11699: 11695: 11689: 11687: 11670: 11666: 11662: 11656: 11640: 11639:"South Sudan" 11634: 11632: 11630: 11621: 11614: 11599:. 6 July 2024 11598: 11594: 11588: 11572: 11571:"South Sudan" 11566: 11550: 11546: 11539: 11523: 11519: 11513: 11505: 11501: 11494: 11486: 11480: 11476: 11469: 11461: 11455: 11451: 11447: 11441: 11425: 11421: 11415: 11407: 11401: 11385: 11381: 11375: 11359: 11355: 11349: 11330: 11323: 11317: 11309: 11302: 11286: 11282: 11276: 11260: 11259:"South Sudan" 11254: 11238: 11234: 11228: 11212: 11208: 11204: 11197: 11181: 11177: 11171: 11155: 11151: 11147: 11143: 11137: 11121: 11120:"South Sudan" 11115: 11109: 11106:(June 2019), 11105: 11102: 11096: 11080: 11076: 11070: 11054: 11050: 11046: 11040: 11024: 11018: 11011: 11007: 11004: 11003: 10998: 10997:Sudan Tribune 10993: 10986: 10982: 10979: 10978: 10973: 10968: 10961: 10957: 10954: 10953: 10948: 10943: 10927: 10923: 10916: 10900: 10896: 10892: 10885: 10869: 10865: 10859: 10852: 10848: 10845: 10843: 10837: 10830: 10826: 10823: 10822: 10816: 10801: 10797: 10793: 10789: 10783: 10777: 10773: 10768: 10766: 10764: 10762: 10746:. 6 July 2024 10745: 10741: 10735: 10715: 10708: 10702: 10693: 10677: 10673: 10669: 10663: 10647: 10643: 10637: 10633: 10632: 10624: 10608: 10604: 10600: 10594: 10575: 10571: 10564: 10558: 10550: 10546: 10540: 10524: 10520: 10513: 10497: 10493: 10489: 10482: 10480: 10463: 10459: 10455: 10449: 10433: 10429: 10425: 10418: 10416: 10399: 10395: 10391: 10385: 10369: 10362: 10356: 10340: 10336: 10330: 10314: 10310: 10304: 10288: 10284: 10278: 10262: 10258: 10254: 10248: 10232: 10228: 10224: 10218: 10202: 10198: 10194: 10188: 10172: 10168: 10162: 10146: 10142: 10138: 10132: 10116: 10112: 10106: 10090: 10086: 10082: 10076: 10060: 10056: 10055:allAfrica.com 10052: 10046: 10030: 10026: 10022: 10016: 10000: 9996: 9992: 9986: 9970: 9966: 9962: 9956: 9940: 9936: 9930: 9922: 9918: 9912: 9896: 9892: 9888: 9881: 9865: 9861: 9855: 9839: 9835: 9831: 9825: 9809: 9805: 9801: 9794: 9775: 9768: 9761: 9753: 9749: 9743: 9727: 9723: 9716: 9700: 9696: 9689: 9673: 9669: 9663: 9647: 9643: 9642: 9637: 9630: 9614: 9610: 9606: 9599: 9597: 9580: 9576: 9569: 9567: 9565: 9548: 9544: 9543: 9538: 9531: 9524: 9520: 9517: 9511: 9509: 9492: 9488: 9484: 9478: 9462: 9458: 9454: 9447: 9431: 9427: 9423: 9419: 9418:The Economist 9415: 9409: 9407: 9390: 9386: 9380: 9378: 9361: 9357: 9350: 9334: 9330: 9324: 9308: 9304: 9298: 9282: 9278: 9271: 9255: 9251: 9247: 9241: 9225: 9221: 9215: 9199: 9195: 9189: 9173: 9169: 9168:Sudan Tribune 9165: 9159: 9143: 9139: 9135: 9129: 9113: 9109: 9108: 9107:Sudan Tribune 9103: 9097: 9081: 9077: 9076: 9075:Sudan Tribune 9071: 9065: 9049: 9045: 9041: 9035: 9033: 9031: 9029: 9012: 9008: 9002: 8994: 8990: 8984: 8976: 8972: 8968: 8962: 8946: 8942: 8941: 8940:Sudan Tribune 8936: 8930: 8914: 8910: 8906: 8899: 8883: 8882:Sudan Tribune 8879: 8873: 8857: 8853: 8852: 8847: 8841: 8822: 8815: 8808: 8792: 8788: 8782: 8766: 8762: 8761:"South Sudan" 8756: 8740: 8736: 8732: 8726: 8711:on 5 May 2012 8710: 8706: 8700: 8684: 8680: 8674: 8658: 8654: 8650: 8643: 8627: 8623: 8622:Sudan Tribune 8619: 8613: 8606: 8600: 8584: 8580: 8579:The Financial 8576: 8570: 8554: 8550: 8544: 8528: 8524: 8523:Talk of Sudan 8520: 8514: 8498: 8494: 8490: 8484: 8468: 8464: 8463:Sudan Tribune 8460: 8454: 8438: 8434: 8430: 8424: 8408: 8404: 8398: 8396: 8394: 8378:on 4 May 2012 8377: 8373: 8367: 8351: 8347: 8341: 8334: 8327: 8321: 8315: 8299: 8295: 8288: 8272: 8268: 8267: 8262: 8256: 8240: 8236: 8232: 8225: 8209: 8205: 8199: 8183: 8179: 8173: 8165: 8153: 8149: 8145: 8138: 8122: 8118: 8112: 8096: 8092: 8086: 8070: 8066: 8065:Sudan Tribune 8062: 8056: 8040: 8036: 8035:Sudan Tribune 8032: 8026: 8010: 8006: 8005:Radio Tamazuj 8002: 7996: 7980: 7976: 7975:Radio Tamazuj 7972: 7966: 7950: 7946: 7942: 7936: 7920: 7916: 7912: 7905: 7889: 7885: 7884:Sudan Tribune 7881: 7875: 7873: 7856: 7852: 7846: 7830: 7826: 7825:Sudan Tribune 7822: 7816: 7800: 7796: 7790: 7774: 7770: 7763: 7747: 7743: 7737: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7715: 7712:(in German). 7711: 7706: 7698: 7690: 7686: 7680: 7664: 7660: 7659: 7658:Sudan Tribune 7654: 7648: 7632: 7626: 7610: 7606: 7600: 7584: 7580: 7576: 7575: 7570: 7569:"South Sudan" 7564: 7562: 7560: 7543: 7539: 7535: 7529: 7521: 7515: 7511: 7504: 7496: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7478: 7474: 7469: 7464: 7460: 7456: 7452: 7448: 7444: 7437: 7421: 7417: 7413: 7406: 7390: 7386: 7379: 7377: 7360: 7356: 7350: 7334: 7330: 7323: 7315: 7311: 7305: 7289: 7285: 7279: 7263: 7259: 7253: 7237: 7231: 7215: 7211: 7205: 7189: 7185: 7179: 7163: 7159: 7153: 7137: 7133: 7126: 7110: 7106: 7102: 7096: 7080: 7076: 7072: 7066: 7050: 7046: 7040: 7024: 7020: 7014: 6998: 6994: 6988: 6972: 6968: 6967: 6962: 6956: 6940: 6936: 6932: 6926: 6910: 6906: 6900: 6884: 6880: 6874: 6858: 6854: 6848: 6832: 6828: 6822: 6806: 6802: 6796: 6780: 6776: 6772: 6765: 6749: 6745: 6739: 6723: 6719: 6713: 6697: 6693: 6689: 6683: 6681: 6664: 6660: 6656: 6650: 6634: 6630: 6626: 6619: 6603: 6599: 6593: 6591: 6574: 6570: 6566: 6559: 6543: 6539: 6535: 6529: 6521: 6517: 6515: 6507: 6491: 6487: 6483: 6477: 6461: 6457: 6453: 6452:"South Sudan" 6447: 6440: 6436: 6433: 6428: 6412: 6408: 6402: 6386: 6382: 6376: 6360: 6356: 6355: 6350: 6343: 6327: 6323: 6319: 6312: 6296: 6292: 6286: 6270: 6266: 6260: 6244: 6240: 6234: 6228: 6224: 6218: 6202: 6198: 6194: 6190: 6186: 6182: 6175: 6167: 6160: 6158: 6151: 6147: 6141: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6122: 6116: 6112: 6106: 6098: 6092: 6087: 6086: 6080: 6076: 6070: 6054: 6050: 6046: 6040: 6033: 6031: 6025: 6018: 6002: 5998: 5992: 5976: 5972: 5968: 5962: 5953: 5937: 5933: 5927: 5925: 5908: 5904: 5898: 5882: 5878: 5874: 5867: 5851: 5847: 5841: 5825: 5821: 5817: 5810: 5794: 5790: 5786: 5780: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5750: 5734: 5730: 5724: 5708: 5704: 5698: 5682: 5676: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5646: 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4897: 4893: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4875: 4874: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4855: 4845: 4843: 4839: 4838:child soldier 4835: 4831: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4802:Yaba Angelosi 4793: 4791: 4787: 4783: 4779: 4774: 4772: 4768: 4759: 4755: 4750: 4744: 4734: 4732: 4731:War in Darfur 4728: 4719: 4710: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4687: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4671: 4666: 4664: 4660: 4655: 4653: 4649: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4633: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4608: 4602: 4592: 4588: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4573: 4571: 4560: 4550: 4548: 4544: 4541: 4538: 4533: 4529: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4457: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4444: 4440: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4424: 4419: 4415: 4410: 4408: 4403: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4353: 4343: 4341: 4340:lingua franca 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4308: 4307:lingua franca 4303: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4275: 4274:lingua franca 4270: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4225:(940,000) or 4224: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4191: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4175: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4147: 4146: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4129: 4128: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4111: 4110: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4093: 4092: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4075: 4074: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4057: 4056: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4039: 4038: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4021: 4020: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4003: 4002: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3985: 3984: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3946: 3945: 3936: 3928: 3926: 3920: 3916: 3914: 3907: 3897: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3870:ethnic groups 3864:Ethnic groups 3861: 3859: 3855: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3835: 3825: 3817: 3800: 3795: 3787: 3783: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3763: 3758: 3752: 3742: 3740: 3736: 3731: 3729: 3724: 3722: 3718: 3712: 3706: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 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2993: 2990: 2985: 2983: 2979: 2974: 2969: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2938:African Union 2934: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2834: 2822: 2819: 2818: 2814: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2801: 2797: 2796: 2793: 2790: 2788: 2785: 2783: 2780: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2772: 2769: 2766: 2763: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2751: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2735: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2725: 2722: 2721: 2718: 2715: 2714: 2713: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2698: 2696: 2692: 2687: 2680: 2675: 2665: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2654:Fashoda State 2652: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2620: 2619:Jonglei State 2617: 2615: 2612: 2610: 2607: 2605: 2602: 2600: 2597: 2596: 2592: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2540: 2539: 2535: 2534: 2531: 2530:Western Lakes 2528: 2526: 2523: 2521: 2518: 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IMF. 5942:28 July 5913:14 July 5887:24 July 5877:Reuters 5830:20 June 5635:20 July 5547:16 June 5452:22 June 5214:12 July 5003:of the 4912:Destiny 4834:hip hop 4810:R&B 4786:Swahili 4778:dialect 4737:Culture 4641:malaria 4521:animist 4506:blended 4489:animist 4443:million 4302:Swahili 4290:Swahili 4257:Semitic 4161:25,188 4157:Jonglei 4143:41,328 4125:55,602 4107:59,217 4089:69,079 4071:69,720 4026:Malakal 3886:Shilluk 3674:Malakal 3647:Nairobi 3643:Entebbe 3617:Ugandan 3583:Railway 3390:(IMF). 3350:Red Sea 3284:economy 3212:economy 3179:Economy 3116:Jonglei 3076:torture 3064:Shilluk 3003:in the 3001:Uyghurs 2923:Eritrea 2890:Germany 2854:January 2782:Jonglei 2639:Rubkona 2624:Latjoor 2577:Tambura 2572:Kapoeta 2500:Gogrial 2423:Jonglei 2283:Jonglei 2260:Ramciel 2161:who is 2030:Climate 1933:monkeys 1910:buffalo 1761:sorghum 1541:of the 1485:Malakal 1407:Anyanya 1388:Wadelai 1346:Khedive 1326:Avukaya 1299:Nilotic 1275:Didinga 1259:Mundari 1243:Shilluk 1176:Avukaya 1144:Shilluk 1120:Nilotic 1108:History 1064:Burundi 1048:Somalia 927:capital 925:is the 881:, is a 730: ( 504:• 491:• 458:• 443:• 414:• 401:Speaker 399:• 384:• 369:• 351:Federal 277:Shilluk 173:English 144:31°36′E 141:04°51′N 125:Capital 94: " 92:Anthem: 14225:France 14182:France 14114:Zambia 14109:Uganda 14049:Rwanda 14004:Malawi 13964:Guinea 13858:Angola 13837:Africa 13728:Cinema 13718:Anthem 13680:Health 13480:Rivers 13470:Cities 13244:Curlie 13142: 13125: 13115: 13096: 13074: 13040:. 12919:27 May 12879: 12084: 12074: 12035: 11994: 11984: 11871: 11675:9 July 11645:9 July 11603:9 July 11577:9 July 11481: 11456: 11265:9 July 11126:9 July 11085:9 July 11029:24 May 10844:, 2005 10805:9 July 10798: 10750:9 July 10638: 10364:(XSLX) 10095:11 May 9814:9 July 9783:28 May 9732:28 May 9705:28 May 9652:9 July 9619:9 July 9467:9 July 9424: 9339:24 May 9086:9 July 8919:22 May 8888:22 May 8663:8 July 8632:8 July 8533:9 July 8413:9 July 8304:2 July 8188:9 July 8158:24 May 7752:10 May 7516: 7493: 7483: 7475: 6837:2 June 6466:7 July 6225: 6195: 6148: 6132: 6113: 6093: 5687:3 June 5355: 5347: 5078:. 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