20:
725:
743:
761:
778:
707:
31:
401:
609:
481:
221:
601:
294:
642:
285:
forming the pivot around which the mast is raised and lowered"; "substantial fitting for mounting the mast on deck, so that it can be lowered easily for trailering or for sailing under bridges", "hinged device allowing for the easy folding of a mast 90 degrees from perpendicular, as for transporting the boat on a trailer, or passing under a bridge"
552:. Large vessels were coming more and more into use and the need for additional masts to control these ships adequately grew with the increase in tonnage. Unlike in antiquity, the mizzen-mast was adopted on medieval two-masters earlier than the foremast, a process which can be traced back by pictorial evidence from
634:. An aluminum mast has considerable advantages over a wooden one: it is lighter and slimmer than a wooden one of the same strength, is impervious to rot, and can be produced as a single extruded length. During the 1960s wood was eclipsed by aluminum. Aluminum alloys, generally 6000 series, are commonly utilised.
637:
Recently some sailing yachts (particularly home-built yachts) have begun to use steel masts. Whilst somewhat heavier than aluminum, steel has its own set of advantages. It is significantly cheaper, and a steel mast of an equivalent strength can be smaller in diameter than an aluminum mast, allowing
664:
and tend to have a teardrop-shaped cross-section. On smaller racing yachts and catamarans, the mast rotates to the optimum angle for the sail's airfoil. If the mast has a long, thin cross-section and makes up a significant area of the airfoil, it is called a wing-mast; boats using these have a
284:
anchor point. Definitions include: "the partly open socket or double post on the deck, into which a mast is fixed, with a pivot near the top so that the mast can be lowered"; "large bracket attached firmly to the deck, to which the foot of the mast is fixed; it has two sides or cheeks and a bolt
96:
tree. From the 16th century, vessels were often built of a size requiring masts taller and thicker than from single tree trunks. On these larger vessels, to achieve the required height, the masts were built from up to four sections (also called masts). From lowest to highest, these were called:
261:
have a fore-mast and a mizzen-mast – there is no main-mast. This is because these traditional types used to have three masts, but it was found convenient to dispense with the main-mast and carry larger sails on the remaining masts. This gave more working room, particularly on fishing vessels.
591:
Maria in 1845, 28 m (92 ft) long and built of staves bound with iron hoops like a barrel. Other hollow masts were made from two tapered timbers hollowed and glued together. Nearly a century later, the simple box form of mast was arrived at.
377:
from as early as 2nd century are believed to have commanded naval sail ships. One of the earliest documented evidence of Indian sail building comes from the mural of the three-masted ship in Ajanta caves that date back to 400–500 CE.
1040:
389:, and the foresail set on it, reduced in size, seems to be used rather as an aid to steering than for propulsion. While most of the ancient evidence is iconographic, the existence of foremasts can also be deduced
1385:
Pryor, John H.; Jeffreys, Elizabeth M. (2006): "The Age of the ΔΡΟΜΩΝ. The
Byzantine Navy ca. 500–1204", The Medieval Mediterranean. Peoples, Economies and Cultures, 400–1500, Vol. 62, Brill Academic Publishers,
1367:
Pryor, John H.; Jeffreys, Elizabeth M. (2006): "The Age of the ΔΡΟΜΩΝ. The
Byzantine Navy ca. 500–1204", The Medieval Mediterranean. Peoples, Economies and Cultures, 400–1500, Vol. 62, Brill Academic Publishers,
665:
smaller sail area to compensate for the larger mast area. There are many manufacturers of modern masts for sailing yachts of all sizes, a few notable companies are Hall Spars, Offshore Spars, and
Southern Spars.
254:, where the after mast, and its principal sail, is clearly the smaller of the two, so the terminology is (from forward) mainmast and mizzen. (In a yawl, the term "jigger" is occasionally used for the aftermast.)
246:
with two masts, even if the masts are of the same height, the after one usually carries a larger sail (because a longer boom can be used), so the after mast is the mainmast. This contrasts with a
312:
in Kuwait, dating to the second half of the sixth millennium BC. Here, a clay disc made from a sherd that appears to depict a reed bundle boat with two masts has been recovered.
97:
lower, top, topgallant, and royal masts. Giving the lower sections sufficient thickness necessitated building them up from separate pieces of wood. Such a section was known as a
537:, almost certainly had two masts, a larger foremast and one midships. Their length has been estimated at 12 m and 8 m respectively, somewhat smaller than the
627:
Although sailing ships were superseded by engine-powered ships in the 19th century, recreational sailing ships and yachts continue to be designed and constructed.
657:
to construct masts with even better strength-to-weight ratios. Carbon fibre masts could also be constructed with more precisely engineered aerodynamic profiles.
525:, the chief sail type of the ancients, that practically disappeared from the record until the 14th century (while it remained dominant in northern Europe). The
92:
Until the mid-19th century, all vessels' masts were made of wood formed from a single or several pieces of timber which typically consisted of the trunk of a
315:
In the West, the concept of a ship carrying more than one mast, to give it more speed under sail and to improve its sailing qualities, evolved in northern
1405:
1246:
1164:
1125:
2371:
19:
560:
to the mid-14th century. To balance out the sail plan the next obvious step was to add a mast fore of the main-mast, which first appears in a
149:(discontinued after the early 18th century); not usually counted as a mast, however, when identifying a ship as "two-masted" or "three-masted"
1494:
109:
827:
Layton, Cyril Walter Thomas, Peter
Clissold, and A. G. W. Miller. Dictionary of nautical words and terms. Brown, Son & Ferguson, 1973.
777:
724:
230:, shows the fore-mast, main-mast and mizzen-mast, as well as all the ship's standing and running rigging. The Balclutha is berthed in
457:(c. 200 AD) depicts a freighter with a three-masted rig entering Rome's harbour. Special craft could carry many more masts:
742:
85:. Large ships have several masts, with the size and configuration depending on the style of ship. Nearly all sailing masts are
50:, or arrangement of spars, erected more or less vertically on the centre-line of a ship or boat. Its purposes include carrying
1391:
1373:
1355:
1335:
1315:
1295:
1272:
1532:
1083:
2364:
706:
155:: the mast nearest the bow, or the mast forward of the main-mast. As it is the furthest afore, it may be rigged to the
2703:
1018:
994:
969:
947:
926:
905:
881:
845:
564:
ink drawing from 1409. With the three-masted ship established, propelled by square rig and lateen, and guided by the
1505:
238:
When a vessel has two masts, as a general rule, the main mast is the one setting the largest sail. Therefore, in a
760:
373:
longships are uniformly shown without it until the 4th century BC. In the East, ancient Indian
Kingdoms like the
2708:
2357:
1054:
498:, both foresail and mizzen remained secondary in terms of canvas size, although large enough to require full
74:
2718:
1203:
374:
766:
1823:
1447:
1525:
2412:
2162:
2152:
1773:
1906:
1043:. Sea Talk Nautical Dictionary. 26 September 2023. Archived from the original on April 22, 2007.
2713:
1692:
1231:
1179:
1143:
873:
677:
390:
211:: typically, where it is the shortest, the aftmost mast on vessels with more than three masts.
1084:"Boat remains and maritime trade in the Persian Gulf during the sixth and fifth millennia BC"
730:
67:
1732:
1244:
Beltrame, Carlo (1996): "Archaeological
Evidence of the Foremast on Ancient Sailing Ships",
2324:
2157:
1891:
434:
987:
Sailing
Drifters: The story of the herring lugger of England, Scotland and the Isle of Man
346:
with a sizable foresail rigged on a slightly inclined foremast is depicted in an
Etruscan
8:
2507:
2467:
2312:
2034:
1926:
1518:
1120:
790:
621:
538:
495:
445:
merchant ships of the time. The imperial grain freighters travelling the routes between
2672:
2667:
2637:
2592:
2522:
2457:
2209:
1911:
712:
654:
513:, rigging had undergone a fundamental transformation in Mediterranean navigation: the
2537:
2532:
2482:
2477:
2319:
1832:
1387:
1369:
1351:
1350:(1995): "Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World", Johns Hopkins University Press,
1331:
1330:(1995): "Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World", Johns Hopkins University Press,
1311:
1310:(1995): "Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World", Johns Hopkins University Press,
1291:
1290:(1995): "Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World", Johns Hopkins University Press,
1268:
1267:(1995): "Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World", Johns Hopkins University Press,
1103:
1048:
1014:
990:
965:
943:
922:
901:
877:
866:
841:
685:
510:
173:
Sections: main-mast lower, main topmast, main topgallant mast, royal mast (if fitted)
1618:
2517:
2442:
2282:
2245:
2147:
2107:
2090:
2085:
2067:
1798:
1598:
1095:
783:
617:
576:
549:
226:
191:
125:
59:
101:, as opposed to sections formed from single pieces of timber, which were known as
2622:
2602:
2407:
2257:
2240:
2204:
2129:
2019:
1985:
1970:
1868:
1848:
1803:
1499:
748:
499:
343:
78:
30:
989:(1969 reprint ed.). Newton Abbott: David and Charles (Publishers) Limited.
2612:
2492:
2452:
2297:
2187:
2044:
2029:
2004:
1940:
1921:
1818:
1722:
1697:
1545:
1123:; Steinmayer, A. G. (1999): "The Earliest Foresail, on Another Etruscan Vase",
534:
503:
474:
370:
355:
323:
270:
70:
47:
1099:
427:
on the largest freighters. The earliest recorded three-masters were the giant
2697:
2172:
1963:
1838:
1768:
1649:
1506:
The
Development of the Square-Rigged Ship from the Carrack to the Full-Rigger
1347:
1327:
1307:
1287:
1264:
1226:
1159:
1138:
1107:
631:
506:, the foremast lost most of its tilt, standing nearly upright on some ships.
488:
316:
231:
141:
242:, the forward mast is the foremast and the after mast is the mainmast. In a
2557:
2487:
2381:
2287:
2235:
2230:
2214:
2182:
1896:
1808:
1707:
1676:
1623:
1567:
1510:
1068:
689:
688:
antennas, which need to be mounted high up to increase range. Simple pole,
673:
650:
466:
458:
454:
420:
400:
305:
43:
2349:
194:
carrying other types of rig (where the naming is less standardised) are:
2632:
2607:
2502:
2497:
2472:
2392:
1876:
1727:
1583:
861:
697:
693:
672:, warships retained masts, initially as observation posts and to observe
669:
608:
518:
484:
309:
121:
82:
1470:
900:
pp. 15, 19–22, 36–37, Naval
Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1992.
2577:
2512:
2437:
2427:
2329:
2137:
2102:
2024:
1950:
1843:
1633:
1608:
1593:
1588:
803:
522:
446:
438:
382:
297:
266:
129:
86:
1030:
New Oxford American Dictionary (American English) via Apple Dictionary
2677:
2647:
2587:
2582:
2397:
2292:
2199:
2142:
2080:
2039:
1975:
1916:
1881:
1858:
1828:
1742:
1737:
1654:
1403:
Mott, Lawrence V. (1994): "A Three-masted Ship Depiction from 1409",
921:
pp. 15, 19, 36–37, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1992.
808:
561:
557:
442:
429:
320:
300:
two-masted ship, its foremast showing a typically strong forward rake
480:
2657:
2597:
2567:
2542:
2447:
2417:
2277:
2272:
2167:
2117:
2112:
2095:
2014:
1958:
1901:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1747:
1702:
1659:
1613:
1603:
645:
Illustration of modern mast and wing-mast cross-sections, with sail
386:
339:
335:
243:
214:
Sections: jigger-mast lower, jigger topmast, jigger topgallant mast
184:
Sections: mizzen-mast lower, mizzen topmast, mizzen topgallant mast
156:
146:
63:
2562:
2547:
2527:
2462:
2302:
2262:
2194:
2177:
2075:
2058:
2009:
1980:
1886:
1853:
1813:
1752:
1549:
661:
569:
470:
416:
363:
274:
258:
220:
93:
55:
600:
170:: the tallest mast, usually located near the center of the ship
2662:
2652:
2617:
2402:
2307:
2267:
1717:
1628:
572:
565:
553:
530:
526:
514:
424:
366:
359:
202:
840:, pp. 22–5, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1992.
2682:
2642:
2432:
2422:
2334:
2250:
696:
have been used—also, on some past Japanese warships, complex
681:
588:
331:
327:
293:
247:
201:: the fourth mast on larger 16th-century galleons, typically
162:
Sections: fore-mast lower, fore topmast, fore topgallant mast
133:
1013:
pp. 20–2, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1992.
385:, where, inclined at an angle of 45°, it was more akin to a
334:, dating to the mid-7th century BC: a warship with a furled
2627:
2552:
1541:
1283:
1281:
450:
394:
347:
251:
239:
181:: the aft-most mast. Typically shorter than the fore-mast.
51:
548:
ships were reintroduced into the Mediterranean Sea by the
1712:
604:
Typical tubular aluminum mast of a post-WWII era sailboat
419:, developed into the standard rig of seagoing vessels in
1278:
641:
575:, all advanced ship design technology necessary for the
319:
waters: The earliest foremast has been identified on an
304:
The oldest evidence for the use of masts comes from the
1260:
1258:
1256:
649:
From the mid-1990s racing yachts introduced the use of
630:
In the 1930s aluminum masts were introduced on large
393:
from slots in foremast-feets located too close to the
942:
pp. 55, Transportation Trails, Polo, Illinois, 1994.
369:
as early as the late 6th century BC; apart from that
1253:
638:
less turbulence and a better airflow onto the sail.
108:
Those who specialised in making masts were known as
579:was in place by the beginning of the 15th century.
1155:
1153:
865:
1406:The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology
1247:The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology
1165:The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology
1126:The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology
587:The first hollow mast was fitted on the American
2695:
1436:Beck, R., et al. "SAILING YACHT DESIGN." (2009).
453:also included three-masted vessels. A mosaic in
1426:. W&J Mackay & Co. Ltd. pp. 87–88.
1150:
940:Square Riggers in the United States and Canada,
660:Modern masts form the leading edge of a sail's
477:propelled by as many as fifty masts and sails.
676:, also holding fire control equipment such as
269:vessels, each mast carries several horizontal
2365:
1526:
1540:
1421:
2379:
1471:"Dudley Dix Yacht Design FAQ - Steel Boats"
953:
2372:
2358:
1533:
1519:
358:for foresail) almost the same size as the
1204:"Ajanta: Boat from right wall of Cave II"
978:
433:, a prestige object commissioned by king
338:is engaging an enemy vessel, deploying a
205:-rigged and shorter than the main mizzen.
1250:, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 135–139 (135)
1235:, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 108–111 (109)
1229:(1963): "The Earliest Two-masted Ship",
1177:
1147:, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 108–111 (111)
1141:(1963): "The Earliest Two-masted Ship",
1129:, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 292–296 (295)
640:
607:
599:
479:
399:
292:
219:
29:
18:
16:Pole used in rigging of a sailing vessel
1445:
959:
789:with fully enclosed mainmast to reduce
408:) with mainmast and foremast under sail
2696:
1417:
1415:
1081:
860:
2353:
1514:
984:
856:
854:
381:The foremast became fairly common on
145:: a small mast set on the end of the
1168:, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 68–69 (69)
680:, and later as a mounting point for
273:from which the individual sails are
1412:
224:This photo of the full-rigged ship
128:, masts in their standard names in
13:
1162:(1980): "Two-masted Greek ships",
962:Sailing Rigs, an Illustrated Guide
851:
517:which had long evolved on smaller
14:
2730:
1488:
1409:, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 39–40
776:
759:
741:
723:
705:
350:painting from 475 to 450 BC. An
1558:including limited use, outdated
1468:
1462:
1439:
1430:
1397:
1379:
1361:
1341:
1321:
1301:
1238:
1220:
1196:
1178:Pamulaparthy, Sweekar Bhushan.
1171:
1132:
1114:
1075:
1061:
1033:
1024:
595:
582:
115:
58:, giving necessary height to a
1422:Philips-Birt, Douglas (1954).
1011:Seamanship in the Age of Sail,
1003:
964:. London: Chatham Publishing.
932:
919:Seamanship in the Age of Sail,
911:
898:Seamanship in the Age of Sail,
890:
830:
821:
529:, the lateen-rigged and oared
362:'s mainsail can be found on a
1:
1446:Schinas, Jill (9 July 2013).
1082:Carter, Robert (2006-03-01).
872:. New York: Viking. pp.
838:Seamanship in the Age of Sail
814:
190:Some names given to masts in
1448:"Build your own steel masts"
1318:, pp. XXIV, picture 145
437:and devised by the polymath
234:, and is open to the public.
136:(front to back) order, are:
7:
797:
23:Three-masted training ship
10:
2735:
1424:Rigs and Rigging of Yachts
1298:, p. 242, fn. 75
1184:World History Encyclopedia
612:Mast of the sailing yacht
577:great transoceanic voyages
415:, along with mainsail and
288:
2388:
2223:
2128:
2066:
2057:
1994:
1948:
1939:
1867:
1824:Spritsail (square-rigged)
1761:
1685:
1672:
1642:
1576:
1563:
1556:
1100:10.1017/S0003598X0009325X
1053:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
541:war galleys of the time.
441:around 240 BC, and other
280:Folding mast ships use a
2704:Sailing rigs and rigging
985:March, Edgar J. (1952).
473:timber by way of a huge
2413:Apparent wind indicator
1338:, p. 4, fn. 2
960:Bennett, Jenny (2005).
620:held apart by multiple
465:5.8.2) records how the
1723:Mainsail (Bermuda rig)
1693:Asymmetrical spinnaker
868:The Price of Admiralty
646:
624:
605:
491:
409:
301:
235:
35:
27:
2709:Windsurfing equipment
1794:Mainsail (square rig)
1394:, pp. 238f., 244
1180:"Ancient Indian Ship"
668:After the end of the
644:
611:
603:
483:
403:
296:
223:
33:
22:
509:By the onset of the
435:Hiero II of Syracuse
423:, complemented by a
34:Main topgallant mast
2719:History of forestry
1121:Turfa, J. MacIntosh
655:composite materials
521:craft replaced the
404:Roman merchantman (
1376:, pp. 153–161
1358:, pp. 243–245
1275:, pp. 239–243
1071:. Your Dictionary.
718:with lattice masts
647:
625:
606:
492:
410:
302:
236:
199:Bonaventure mizzen
36:
28:
2691:
2690:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2053:
2052:
1935:
1934:
1668:
1667:
1450:. Yacht Mollymawk
1392:978-90-04-15197-0
1374:978-90-04-15197-0
1356:978-0-8018-5130-8
1336:978-0-8018-5130-8
1316:978-0-8018-5130-8
1296:978-0-8018-5130-8
1273:978-0-8018-5130-8
736:with tripod masts
686:telecommunication
614:Stars and Stripes
511:Early Middle Ages
64:look-out position
2726:
2468:Carpenter's walk
2374:
2367:
2360:
2351:
2350:
2086:Running backstay
2064:
2063:
1946:
1945:
1683:
1682:
1574:
1573:
1535:
1528:
1521:
1512:
1511:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1457:
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1443:
1437:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1419:
1410:
1401:
1395:
1383:
1377:
1365:
1359:
1345:
1339:
1325:
1319:
1305:
1299:
1285:
1276:
1262:
1251:
1242:
1236:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1175:
1169:
1157:
1148:
1136:
1130:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1052:
1044:
1037:
1031:
1028:
1022:
1007:
1001:
1000:
982:
976:
975:
957:
951:
938:Parker, Dana T.
936:
930:
915:
909:
894:
888:
887:
871:
858:
849:
834:
828:
825:
780:
771:with pagoda mast
763:
745:
727:
709:
550:Late Middle Ages
544:Multiple-masted
487:three-master by
397:for a mainsail.
391:archaeologically
257:Some two-masted
75:control position
60:navigation light
2734:
2733:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2603:Quarter gallery
2408:Anchor windlass
2384:
2378:
2348:
2339:
2219:
2124:
2049:
1990:
1986:Pelican striker
1971:Dolphin striker
1931:
1863:
1757:
1674:
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1638:
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1539:
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1413:
1402:
1398:
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1342:
1326:
1322:
1306:
1302:
1286:
1279:
1263:
1254:
1243:
1239:
1225:
1221:
1212:
1210:
1208:British Library
1202:
1201:
1197:
1188:
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1489:External links
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1348:Casson, Lionel
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489:Lorenzo Costa
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383:Roman galleys
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317:Mediterranean
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267:square-rigged
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232:San Francisco
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142:Sprit topmast
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54:, spars, and
53:
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45:
41:
32:
26:
21:
2623:Ship's wheel
2572:
2488:Companionway
2382:sailing ship
2288:Parrel beads
2236:Belaying pin
2231:Baggywrinkle
2215:Topping lift
1996:
1677:sailing rigs
1599:Fore-and-aft
1568:jury rigging
1474:. Retrieved
1464:
1452:. Retrieved
1441:
1432:
1423:
1404:
1399:
1381:
1363:
1343:
1323:
1303:
1245:
1240:
1230:
1222:
1211:. Retrieved
1207:
1198:
1187:. Retrieved
1183:
1173:
1163:
1142:
1134:
1124:
1116:
1091:
1087:
1077:
1069:"Tabernacle"
1063:
1041:"Tabernacle"
1035:
1026:
1010:
1005:
986:
980:
961:
955:
939:
934:
918:
913:
897:
892:
867:
862:Keegan, John
837:
832:
823:
785:
767:
750:
732:
714:
698:pagoda masts
694:tripod masts
678:rangefinders
674:fall of shot
667:
659:
651:carbon fibre
648:
636:
629:
626:
613:
596:Modern masts
586:
583:Hollow masts
545:
543:
508:
493:
463:Hist. Plant.
462:
459:Theophrastus
428:
412:
411:
405:
380:
351:
314:
306:Ubaid period
303:
281:
279:
264:
256:
237:
225:
208:
198:
189:
178:
167:
152:
140:
119:
116:Nomenclature
107:
102:
98:
91:
79:radio aerial
39:
37:
24:
2608:Quarterdeck
2498:Daggerboard
2493:Crow's nest
2473:Centreboard
2443:Bow or prow
2393:Aftercastle
2380:Parts of a
1686:Three-sided
1232:Archaeology
1144:Archaeology
751:Scharnhorst
670:age of sail
519:Greco-Roman
494:Throughout
485:Renaissance
209:Jigger-mast
179:Mizzen-mast
122:square-sail
83:signal lamp
2698:Categories
2578:Orlop deck
2513:Forecastle
2508:Figurehead
2438:Boom brake
2428:Bilgeboard
2330:Turnbuckle
2258:Clevis pin
2224:Components
2158:Cunningham
2138:Boomkicker
2103:Stay mouse
2025:Crosstrees
1869:Components
1849:Topgallant
1844:Tanja sail
1762:Four-sided
1619:Ljungström
1500:Boatdesign
1213:2022-12-05
1189:2022-12-05
876:&281.
815:References
804:Dismasting
733:Invincible
653:and other
523:square rig
447:Alexandria
439:Archimedes
364:Corinthian
282:tabernacle
110:mastmakers
103:pole masts
46:is a tall
2678:Whipstaff
2648:Sternpost
2638:Starboard
2588:Poop deck
2583:Outrigger
2398:Afterdeck
2325:Traveller
2313:gooseneck
2293:Ring bolt
2200:Preventer
2163:Clewlines
2153:Buntlines
2143:Boom vang
2081:Lazy jack
1976:Jackstaff
1927:Tell-tale
1917:Sailcloth
1882:Bolt rope
1859:Watersail
1829:Spritsail
1799:Moonraker
1784:Junk sail
1774:Fisherman
1743:Spinnaker
1738:Screecher
1698:Crab claw
1655:Turbosail
1650:Rotorsail
1108:0003-598X
1088:Antiquity
809:Sail-plan
784:HMS
749:SMS
731:HMS
713:USS
622:spreaders
558:Barcelona
496:antiquity
469:imported
443:Syracusan
430:Syracusia
227:Balclutha
168:Main-mast
153:Fore-mast
124:carrying
99:made mast
2658:Taffrail
2598:Porthole
2568:Leeboard
2543:Jackline
2448:Bowsprit
2418:Beakhead
2278:Footrope
2273:Fairlead
2168:Downhaul
2118:forestay
2113:backstay
2096:ratlines
2068:Standing
2035:Spreader
1959:Bowsprit
1902:Jackline
1839:Studding
1833:Optimist
1804:Ringtail
1789:Lug sail
1779:Foresail
1748:Staysail
1733:Ringtail
1703:Gennaker
1660:Wingsail
1624:Mast-aft
1476:1 August
1454:1 August
1049:cite web
864:(1989).
798:See also
539:Sicilian
471:Corsican
387:bowsprit
340:foresail
336:mainsail
321:Etruscan
308:site of
244:schooner
157:bowsprit
147:bowsprit
56:derricks
2673:Transom
2548:Jibboom
2528:Gunwale
2523:Gangway
2483:Cockpit
2463:Cathead
2458:Capstan
2320:Trapeze
2303:Shackle
2263:Deadeye
2195:Outhaul
2178:Halyard
2130:Running
2076:Bobstay
2059:Rigging
2010:Boomkin
1981:Jibboom
1892:Emblems
1887:Cringle
1854:Topsail
1819:Spanker
1814:Skysail
1753:Trysail
1589:B&R
1584:Bermuda
1577:Textile
1550:rigging
1495:Rigging
690:lattice
662:airfoil
618:shrouds
616:, with
570:gudgeon
562:Catalan
546:sailing
533:of the
417:topsail
413:Artemon
406:corbita
375:Kalinga
352:artemon
289:History
259:luggers
94:conifer
2663:Tiller
2653:Strake
2618:Rudder
2563:Kelson
2478:Chains
2403:Anchor
2308:Swivel
2283:Gasket
2268:Earing
2188:throat
2148:Braces
2091:Shroud
1877:Batten
1769:Course
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