612:
contrast, in a Wankel engine, the engine rotor rotates at one-third the speed of the crankshaft. Each rotation of the engine (360°) will bring two faces through the combustion cycle (the torque input to the eccentric shaft). This said, it takes three complete revolutions of the crankshaft, or 1080°, to complete the entire thermodynamic cycle. To get a relatable number to compare to a 4-stroke engine, compare the events that occur in two rotations of a two-rotor engine. For every 360° of rotation, two faces of the engine complete a combustion cycle. Thus, for two whole rotations, four faces will complete their cycle. If the displacement per face is 654 cc (39.9 cu in), then four faces can be seen as equivalent to 2.6 L or 160 cu in.
1595:
compression ratio; however, Mazda engineers discovered that when changing the exhaust port to the side housing, a buildup of carbon in the exhaust port would stop the engine from running. To remedy this, Mazda engineers added a water jacket passage into the side housing. Secondly, the rotors are sealed differently through the use of redesigned side seals, low-height apex seals and the addition of a second cut-off ring. Mazda engineers had originally used apex seals identical to the older design of seal. Mazda changed the apex seal design to reduce friction and push the new engine closer to its limits.
742:
870:
1441:
857:
1572:
1433:
1053:
1678:
1155:
42:
1388:, became famous for its high output and low weight. The turbos were operated sequentially, with only the primary providing boost until 4,500 rpm, and the secondary additionally coming online afterwards. Notably, this was the world's first volume-production sequential turbocharger system. Output eventually reached, and may have exceeded, Japan's unofficial maximum of 280 PS (206 kW; 276 hp)
1632:
151:
925:
rotor) would displace 1,146 cc (69.9 cu in); the series name continues earlier practice and reflects this value ("12" suggesting 1.2 litres). The 12A series was produced for 15 years, from May 1970 through 1985. In 1974, a 12A became the first engine built outside of western Europe or the U.S. to finish the
1604:
654 cc (39.9 cu in) chambers displaces the same volume in one output shaft rotation as that of a 1.3L four-stroke piston engine, the wankel will complete 2 full combustion cycles in the same amount of time that it takes the four-stroke piston engine to complete 1 combustion cycle. Finally, it was on the
608:, the problem of correctly representing their displacement for the purposes of competition arose. Rather than force participants who drove vehicles with piston engines, who were the majority, to halve their quoted displacement, most racing organizations decided to double the quoted displacement of Wankel engines.
633:
by the tip-seal vibrating at its natural frequency. The oil consumption problem was addressed with heat-resistant rubber oil seals at the sides of the rotors. This early engine had a rotor radius of 90 mm (3.5 in), an offset of 14 mm (0.55 in), and a depth of 59 mm (2.3 in).
1080:, and later models featured a specially-designed smaller and lighter "Impact Turbo" which was tweaked for the unique exhaust signature of the Wankel engine for a 5-horsepower increase. The engine continued until 1989 in the HB Cosmo series but by that stage it had grown a reputation as a thirsty engine.
800:. This variant featured a cast-iron thermal reactor to reduce exhaust emissions and re-tuned exhaust ports. The new approach to reducing emissions was partly a result of Japanese Government emission control legislation in 1968, with implementation starting in 1975. Mazda called their technology REAPS (
1757:
On 17 November 2016 Senior managing executive officer of Mazda research and development
Kiyoshi Fujiwara told journalists at the Los Angeles motor show that the company is currently developing its first EV in 2019, and it's likely to incorporate a rotary engine, but that the details were still "a big
676:
The rotor housing was made of sand-cast aluminium plated with chrome, while the aluminium sides were sprayed with molten carbon steel for strength. Cast iron was used for the rotors themselves, and their eccentric shafts were of expensive chrome-molybdenum steel. The addition of aluminium/carbon apex
1749:
Mazda last built a production street car powered by a rotary engine in 2012, the RX-8, but had to abandon it largely to poor fuel efficiency and emissions. It has continued to work on the technology, however, as it is one of the company's signature features. Mazda officials have previously suggested
1598:
These and other innovative technologies allow the
Renesis to achieve 49% higher output and reduced fuel consumption and emissions. Regarding hydrocarbon (HC) emission characteristics of the RENESIS, the use of the side exhaust port allowed for about 35 – 50% HC reduction compared to the 13B-REW with
885:
applications. It was a two-rotor design, with each chamber displacing 655 cc (40.0 cu in) so two chambers (one per rotor) would displace 1,310 cc (80 cu in); continuing earlier practice, the series name reflects this value ("13" suggesting 1.3 litres). This was the only
1765:
On 27 October 2017 Senior managing executive officer and R&D Chief
Kiyoshi Fujiwara told journalists that they were still working on a rotary engine for a sports car, that will potentially in some markets be with hybrid drivetrains, but both will have distinct powertrains from Mazda's first EV,
1166:
is the most widely produced rotary engine. It was the basis for all future Mazda Wankel engines, and was produced for over 30 years. The 13B has no relation to the 13A. Instead, it is a lengthened version of the 12A, having 80 mm (3.1 in) thick rotors. It was a two-rotor design, with each
632:
KKM400. Although never produced in volume, the 40A was a valuable testbed for Mazda engineers, and quickly demonstrated two serious challenges to the feasibility of the design: "chatter marks" in the housing, and heavy oil consumption. The chatter marks, nicknamed "devil's fingernails", were caused
1622:
All the Mazda rotary engines have been praised because of their light weight. The unmodified 13B-MSP Renesis Engine has a weight of 112 kg (247 lb), including all standard attachments (except the airbox, alternator, starter motor, cover, etc.), but without engine fluids (such as coolant,
1562:
race outright. The 26B engine displaced 2.6 L (2,616 cc) per set of four chambers (counting only one 654 cc (39.9 cu in) chamber for each of the four rotors) – thus the "26" in the series name suggesting 2.6 litres – and developed 700 hp (522 kW) at 9000 rpm. The
1170:
In the United States, the 13B was available from 1974 to 1978 and was then retired from sedans but continued in 1984–1985 RX-7 GSL-SE. It was then used from 1985 to 1992 in the RX-7 FC, in
Naturally Aspirated or Turbocharged options, then once again in the RX-7 FD in a twin turbocharged form from
932:
In 1974, a new process was used to harden the rotor housing. The Sheet-metal Insert
Process (SIP) used a sheet of steel much like a conventional piston engine cylinder liner with a chrome plated surface. The side housing coating was also changed to eliminate the troublesome sprayed metal. The new
611:
The key for comparing the displacement between the 4-cycle engine and the rotary engine is in studying the number of rotations for a thermodynamic cycle to occur. For a 4-cycle engine to complete a thermodynamic cycle, the engine must rotate two complete revolutions of the crankshaft, or 720°. By
1319:
is fed using a two-stage mechanically actuated valve, however, on '89–'91 engines a better turbo design was used with a divided manifold powering the twin-scroll configuration. For engines manufactured between '86-'88 output is rated at 185 PS (136 kW) at 6500 rpm and 248 N⋅m
924:
is an "elongated" version of the 10A: the rotor radius was the same, but the depth was increased by 10 mm (0.39 in) to 70 mm (2.8 in). It continued the two-rotor design; with the depth increase each chamber displaced 573 cc (35.0 cu in) so two chambers (one per
707:
barrels. Only one port per rotor was used under low loads for added fuel economy. A single peripheral exhaust port routed hot gas through the coolest parts of the housing, and engine coolant flowed axially rather than the radial flow used by NSU. A bit of oil was mixed with the intake charge for
1594:
The
Renesis design features two major changes from its predecessors. First, the exhaust ports are not peripheral but are located on the side of the housing, which eliminates overlap and allows redesign of the intake port area. This produced noticeably more power thanks to an increased effective
1766:
which will be released in 2019/20. "...some cities will ban combustion, therefore we need some additional portion of electrification because the driver can't use this rotary sports car. Some of the regions we don't need this small electrification, therefore we can utilise pure rotary engines."
431:
can be classified by their geometric size in terms of radius (rotor center to tip distance, also the median stator radius) and depth (rotor thickness), and offset (crank throw, eccentricity, also 1/4 the difference between stator's major and minor axes). These metrics function similarly to the
672:
series was Mazda's first production Wankel, appearing in 1965. It was a two-rotor design, with each chamber displacing 491 cc (30.0 cu in) so two chambers (one per rotor) would displace 982 cc (59.9 cu in); the series name reflects this value ("10" suggesting 1.0
1603:
and Best New Engine awards 2003 and also holds the "2.5 to 3 liter" (note that the engine is designated as a 1.3–litre by Mazda) size award for 2003 and 2004, where it is considered a 2.6 L engine, but only for the matter of giving awards. This is because although a 2-rotor wankel with
1492:
and 20B-REW form. It displaced 1,962 cc (119.7 cu in) per set of three 654 cc (39.9 cu in) chambers (counting only one chamber per rotor) and used 0.7 bar (10 psi; 70 kPa) of boost pressure from twin sequential turbochargers to produce a claimed
1314:
The 13B-T was turbocharged in 1986. It features the newer four-injector fuel injection of the 6PI engine, but lacks that engine's eponymous variable intake system and 6PI. Mazda went back to the 4 port intake design similar to what was used in the '74–'78 13B. In '86–'88 engines the
820:
ystem). The die-cast rotor housing was now coated with a new process: The new
Transplant Coating Process (TCP) featured sprayed-on steel which is then coated with chrome. Gross output was 105 hp (78 kW) at 7000 rpm and 135 N⋅m (100 lbf⋅ft) at 3500 rpm.
1665:
Various other technologies have been integrated to increase the efficiency of the engine further, including exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) to reduce the combustion chamber temperatures and plasma spray coatings on the insides of the housings to reduce the friction on the rotor.
1474:
in
November 1987. As a three-rotor design, with each chamber displacing 654 cc (39.9 cu in), three chambers (one per rotor) would displace 1,962 cc (119.7 cu in), and so the new series name reflected this value ("20" suggesting 2.0 litres).
1657:
The 8C is a single rotor with a radius of 120mm, a width of 76mm, using 2.5mm apex seals, and displacing 830cc making up to 75 hp (55 kW) at 4700rpm and 116 Nm (85 lb-ft) at 4000 rpm. It has a higher compression ratio of 11.9:1 and the first instance of
1753:
On 16 November 2011, Mazda CEO Takashi
Yamanouchi announced that the company is still committed to producing the rotary engine, saying, "So long as I remain involved with this company... there will be a rotary engine offering or multiple offerings in the lineup."
1167:
chamber displacing 654 cc (39.9 cu in) so two chambers (one per rotor) would displace 1.3 L (1,308 cc); the series name reflects this value ("13" suggesting 1.3 litres), as with the 13A of the same displacement but different proportions.
2320:"For the purpose of displacement equivalency, either the rotary engine total displacement needs to be doubled or the piston engine total displacement needs to be halved. (...) we say that a 1.3 liter rotary has equivalent displacement of 2.6 liters." Source:
580:
615:
Extrapolating to the case of where three whole rotations is a complete thermodynamic cycle of the engine with a total of six faces completing a cycle, 654 cc (39.9 cu in) per face for six faces yields 3.9 L or 240 cu in.
767:
Japanese-spec gross output was 100 hp (75 kW) at 7000 rpm and 133 N⋅m (98 lbf⋅ft) at 3500 rpm. The use of less-expensive components increased the mass of the engine from 102 to 122 kg (225 to 269 lb).
405:
being contested with a Wankel engine until 2017; the series' transition to using a Mazda-branded piston engine in 2018 temporarily ended the production of the engine. In 2023, Mazda reintroduced the engine as a generator for the 2023
1127:
and was quietly introduced for the 1974 Mazda RX-2 and RX-3. It had increased reliability from the previous series and also used a single distributor for the first time: the earlier 12A and 10A were both twin distributor engines.
1717:
Though not reflected in the graph at right, the RX-8 was a higher-volume car than its predecessors. Sales of the RX-8 peaked in 2004 at 23,690, but continued to decline through 2011, when fewer than 1000 were produced.
1725:
announced that the company is still committed to producing the rotary engine, saying, "So long as I remain involved with this company... there will be a rotary engine offering or multiple offerings in the lineup."
2347:
In several countries where a car tax is based on cylinder displacement, rotary engines are taxed according to this displacement equivalency rule. You pay the same tax for a 2.6L piston engine as for a 1.3L rotary
1693:
of the 1970s struck. The company had all but eliminated piston engines from its products in 1974, a decision that nearly led to the company's collapse. A switch to a three-prong approach (piston-gasoline,
1506:
photo shoot in 2008, a fire in the engine bay combined with a delay to inform the fire crews, the car was engulfed and the entire car destroyed. This information was withheld until made public in 2013.
1646:
at the 2007 Tokyo Auto Show, but has not been seen since. It features up to 300 hp (224 kW), a lengthened stroke, reduced width rotor housing, direct injection, and aluminium side housings.
1587:, which were two of the most recurrent drawbacks of Wankel rotary engines. It is naturally aspirated, unlike its most recent predecessors from the 13B range, and therefore slightly less powerful than
1354:
The 13B-RE from the JC Cosmo series was a similar motor to the 13B-REW but had a few key differences, namely it being endowed with the largest side ports of any later model rotary engine.
700:
models. Gross output was 110 hp (82 kW) at 7000 rpm and 130 N⋅m (96 lbf⋅ft) at 3500 rpm, but both numbers were probably optimistic (rpm of the crankshaft).
585:
Note that this only counts a single face of each rotor as the entire rotor's displacement, because with the eccentric shaft – crankshaft – spinning at three times the rate of the rotor,
589:, thus only one face of the rotor is actually working per "crankshaft" revolution, roughly equivalent to a 2-stroke engine of similar displacement to a single rotor face. Nearly all
446:
1991:
1970:
1463:
The main difference between the 13G and 20B is that the 13G uses a factory peripheral intake port (used for racing) and the 20B (production vehicle) uses side intake ports.
886:
production Mazda Wankel with different rotor dimensions: Radius was 120 mm (4.7 in) and offset was 17.5 mm (0.69 in), but depth remained the same as the
1710:), severely limiting production volume. But the company had continued production continually since the mid-1960s, and was the only maker of Wankel-powered cars when the
849:
but was never placed into production. It was a slimmed down derivative of the 10A engine as fitted to the R100. A prototype engine is on display at the Mazda Museum in
1500:
concept car which was released on 27 December 2007. The engine was tuned to run powerfully on 100% ethanol (E100) fuel, produced in partnership with BP. During a
2322:
2109:
897:, where it produced 126 PS (93 kW) and 172 N⋅m (127 lbf⋅ft). This was the end of the line for this engine design: the next Luce was
4080:
2034:
Dieudonne, Pierre (15 December 1983). "Ballade
Japonaise: à la découverte des Mazda Turbo" [Japanese ballad: Discovering the Mazda Turbos].
1171:
1992. It disappeared from the US market again in 1995, when the last US-spec RX-7s were sold. The engine was continually used in Japan from 1972's
2071:
2197:
4162:
1558:
the 26B-powered Mazda 787B became the first Japanese car and the first car with anything other than a reciprocating piston engine to win the
719:. These engines had both side- and peripheral-located intake ports switched with a butterfly valve for low- and high-RPM use (respectively)
1669:
Changes have also been made to decrease the weight of the unit such as using aluminium side housings, which saved 15 kg (33 lb).
1892:
936:
Early 12A engines also feature a thermal reactor, similar to the 0866 10A, and some use an exhaust port insert to reduce exhaust noise. A
1758:
secret." He did say, however, that the car is likely to use a new-generation rotary engine as a range extender, similar in concept to a
1360:
Approximately 5000 13B-RE optioned JC Cosmos were sold, making this engine almost as hard to source as its rarer 20B-REW big-brother.
2535:
3259:
1864:
1563:
engine design uses peripheral intake ports, continually variable geometry intakes, and an additional (third) spark plug per rotor.
1978:
1750:
that if they can get it to perform as well as a reciprocating engine they will bring it back, to power a conventional sports car.
106:
2557:
2457:
653:. Hollow cast iron apex seals reduced vibration by changing their resonance frequency and thus eliminated chatter marks. It used
78:
1878:
1251:. RESI = Rotary Engine Super Injection. The so-called Dynamic Effect Intake featured a two-level intake box which derived a
890:
at 60 mm (2.4 in). Another major difference from the previous engines was the integrated water-cooled oil cooler.
933:"REST" process created such a strong housing, the old carbon seals could be abandoned in favour of conventional cast iron.
85:
59:
2402:
2247:
2277:
1087:
Impact Turbo output is 165 PS (121 kW) at 6,000 rpm, and 231 N⋅m (170 lbf⋅ft) at 4,000 rpm.
17:
2583:
1311:. Total output is up to 146 PS (107 kW) at 6500 rpm and 187 N⋅m (138 lbf⋅ft) at 3500 rpm.
4167:
2731:
1777:
will feature a new rotary engine that acts as a range extender to recharge the batteries, but not to power the wheels.
2699:
370:
has been added. Mazda rotary engines have a reputation for being relatively small and powerful at the expense of poor
2670:
2054:
2015:
1187:
The 13B was designed with both high performance and low emissions in mind. Early vehicles using this engine used the
125:
92:
1084:
Original output is 160 PS (118 kW) at 6,500 rpm, and 226 N⋅m (167 lb⋅ft) at 4,000 rpm.
3812:
1612:
1600:
841:
Mazda began development on a single rotor engine displacing 360 cc (22 cu in), and was designed for
593:
production Wankel engines share a single rotor radius, 105 mm (4.1 in), with a 15 mm (0.59 in)
2171:
1714:
was discontinued from production in June 2012 with 2000 RX-8 Spirit R models being made for the JDM (RHD) market.
4041:
2635:
2326:
1611:
The Renesis has also been adapted for a dual-fuel use, allowing it to run on petrol or hydrogen in cars like the
1579:
The Renesis engine – also 13B-MSP (Multi-Side Port) – which first appeared in production in the 2004 model-year
1072:. In 1982 a 12A turbo powered Cosmo coupe was officially the fastest production car in Japan. It featured "semi-
74:
4046:
657:. Rotor radius was up from the 40A to 98 mm (3.9 in), but depth dropped to 56 mm (2.2 in).
575:{\displaystyle {\frac {3\cdot {\sqrt {3}}\cdot {\mathrm {Depth\cdot Radius^{2}\cdot (Offset/Radius)} }}{1000}}}
63:
1599:
the peripheral exhaust port. With this reduction, the RENESIS vehicle meets USA LEV-II (LEV). The Renesis won
423:
3098:
3252:
1906:
1762:. In 2013, Mazda had displayed a Mazda2 RE prototype car, using a similar rotary range extender EV system.
1681:
Outdated annual Mazda Wankel "rotary" engine sales without RX-8 and without industry engines (data source:
1496:
A version of the 20B known as the "R20B Renesis 3 Rotor Engine" was built by Racing Beat in the US for the
2974:
2609:
2509:
1584:
601:, which used a 120 mm (4.7 in) rotor radius and 17.5 mm (0.69 in) crankshaft offset.
2083:
2146:
1812:"MAZDA: Chapter I:Opening a New Frontier with the Rotary Engine | History of Rotary Engine Development"
673:
litres). These engines featured the mainstream rotor dimensions with a 60 mm (2.4 in) depth.
1535:
940:
version was introduced in 1979 (in Japan) and 1980 (in America) which substituted a more-conventional
1659:
1605:
1308:
1073:
1060:
The ultimate 12A engine was the electronically fuel-injected engine used in the Japan-spec HB series
3183:
4091:
2358:
1555:
1316:
1145:, 90 hp (67 kW) at 6,000 rpm and 96 lb⋅ft (130 N⋅m) at 4,000 rpm (US)
348:
3007:
1811:
586:
4157:
4126:
3245:
1836:
402:
292:
99:
52:
3147:
3142:
2482:
2428:
4152:
4086:
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2724:
1738:
1616:
3152:
3012:
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1921:
1583:, is an evolution of the previous 13B. It was designed to reduce exhaust emission and improve
4058:
3898:
3646:
3157:
3022:
3017:
387:
1907:"MAZDA NEWSROOM|Mazda 787B 1991 Winning Car Returns to le Mans After 20 Years|NEWS RELEASES"
1534:
The most prominent 4-rotor engine from Mazda, the 26B, was used only in various Mazda-built
1007:) engines, each driving a propeller—one at the front, the other at the rear of the aircraft.
4076:
4014:
3907:
3294:
2261:
1269:. Output was much improved at 135 PS (99 kW) and 180 N⋅m (133 lbf⋅ft).
660:
One-, three-, and four-rotor derivatives of the L8A were also created for experimentation.
654:
199:
696:
from May 1965 to July 1968. These cars, and their revolutionary engine, were often called
329:
8:
4009:
3993:
1559:
1523:
1502:
1449:
1303:
Like the 12A-SIP, the second-generation RX-7 bowed with a variable-intake system. Dubbed
1256:
941:
926:
629:
433:
363:
211:
163:
1654:
The 8C engine is used as a generator for the 2023 MX-30 e-Skyactiv R-EV plug-in hybrid.
4096:
3888:
3842:
3049:
3040:
1734:
1722:
2536:"Mazda CEO charts how to reach 2 percent of world market, rotary engine far from dead"
3696:
3424:
2717:
2666:
2248:"Mazda's All-Conquering 700 HP Four-Rotor le Mans Engine Has the Coolest Intake Ever"
2011:
1791:
1260:
882:
2307:
2010:(in German and French). Vol. 78. Berne, Switzerland: Hallwag, AG. p. 363.
1944:
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776:
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650:
3076:
2233:
2219:
2120:
1928:
1381:
727:
693:
386:
because of their light weight, compact size, tuning potential and inherently high
3827:
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1417:
1408:
1399:
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1220:
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371:
304:
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712:
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3611:
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3541:
3484:
3479:
3174:
2709:
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1770:
1591:'s twin-turbocharged 13B-REW which develops 255–280 hp (190–209 kW).
1266:
1208:
741:
411:
398:
383:
287:
258:
2274:
1662:
in a production rotary engine, which improves fuel economy by as much as 25%.
1440:
716:
4146:
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3716:
3711:
3701:
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3205:
3137:
3116:
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1786:
1730:
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1547:
1307:, the engine features both the 6PI and DEI systems, as well as four-injector
1214:
944:
for this "afterburner". A major modification of the 12A architecture was the
846:
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367:
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2958:
2636:"Mazda MX-30 EV lands in the US this fall, rotary engine revival to follow"
1252:
856:
703:
The 10A featured twin side intake ports per rotor, each fed by one of four
359:
238:
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2147:"How Did The Crew At 'Top Gear' So Thoroughly Destroy A Legendary Mazda?"
1774:
1707:
1643:
1640:
1497:
1483:
1368:
1283:
1199:
1096:
1076:" into both rotors at once. A passive knock sensor was used to eliminate
1061:
1039:
642:
1639:
Also known as the Renesis II, made its first and only appearance in the
929:(and in 1991 Mazda won the race outright with the 4-rotor R26B engine).
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of the opening and closing intake ports. The RESI engine also featured
1232:
1226:
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1136:
1108:
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254:
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2704:
2483:"2023 Mazda MX-30 R-EV range-extender hybrid: Rotary engine returns!"
2429:"2023 Mazda MX-30 R-EV range-extender hybrid: Rotary engine returns!"
1677:
1539:
1520:
1471:
1453:
1052:
850:
275:
1154:
972:(Japan), 110 hp (82 kW) and 135 N⋅m (100 lbf⋅ft)
41:
3965:
3586:
280:
268:
28:
597:
offset. The only engine to diverge from this formula was the rare
3878:
3466:
3200:
2293:
649:
two-rotor Wankel. The engine and car were both shown at the 1963
379:
375:
1519:
used in the 1988 and 1989 (13J-MM with two step induction pipe)
3857:
3772:
3306:
3301:
3289:
2308:"Previous Winners | International Engine of the Year 2019"
1759:
901:
and Mazda never again made a front-wheel drive rotary vehicle.
314:
2055:"Road & Track's Road Test Annual & Buyer's Guide 1975"
1631:
1493:
280 PS (206 kW) and 407 N⋅m (300 lbf⋅ft).
3268:
2740:
1623:
oil, etc.), known to make 157–175 kW (211–235 hp).
1357:
Injector sizes = 550 cc (34 cu in) PRI + SEC.
965:, 130 hp (97 kW) and 156 N⋅m (115 lbf⋅ft)
590:
407:
352:
168:
2294:"Mazda's new RENESIS named International Engine of the year"
2640:
1893:"Mazda 787B: The 900 HP Rotary Engine That Stunned le Mans"
1689:
Mazda was fully committed to the Wankel engine just as the
248:
150:
2458:"Rotary sports car "a dream", says Mazda powertrain boss"
1879:"The Mazda 787B Had a Wild Variable-Length Intake System"
1389:
3237:
2220:"30th anniversary of le Mans victory commemorative site"
2042:(784). Brussels, Belgium: Editions Auto-Magazine: 43–44.
1392:
for the final revision used in the Series 8 Mazda RX-7.
1247:
was used in a Wankel engine for the first time with the
27:"20B" redirects here. For the isotope of boron (B), see
1682:
2663:
The New Mazda RX-7 and Mazda Rotary Engine Sports Cars
2610:"No Mazda rotary sports car by 2020 - motoring.com.au"
587:
only one power stroke is created per output revolution
860:
3A rotary engine, originally intended for the Chantez
449:
1698:, and Wankel) for the 1980s relegated the Wankel to
1526:
Group C racers. This motor was replaced by the 26B.
645:
prototype used a 798 cc (48.7 cu in)
424:
Wankel Engine § Chamber volume and displacement
66:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2660:
2110:"Mazda Furai Concept: The Embodiment of Zoom-Zoom"
1913:
1865:"The History of the Mazda 787B - A le Mans Legend"
574:
1919:
1851:"Mulsanne's Corner: Mazda R26B answering service"
1515:The first Mazda racing four-rotor engine was the
1452:racing, the first three-rotor engine used in the
440:. The displacement of rotor can be calculated as
4144:
2739:
2452:
2450:
2172:"Exclusive: how the Mazda Furai burned to death"
796:The final member of the 10A family was the 1971
2680:Jan P. Norbye (1973). "Watch out for Mazda!".
2381:"Mazda 5 / Premacy Hydrogen RE Hybrid Minivan"
1345:(FC3S, S5) Turbo-II, 200 PS (147 kW)
1338:(FC3S, S4) Turbo-II, 185 PS (136 kW)
3253:
2725:
2679:
2447:
2403:"Next Generation RENESIS (Rotary Engine 16X)"
1981:on 27 July 2023 – via Curbside Classic.
2584:"Mazda confirms electric car plans for 2019"
1575:Production Mazda Renesis in the Mazda Museum
2275:http://www.rotaryeng.net/New-rotary-eng.pdf
2029:
2027:
1769:In 2021, Mazda announced that the upcoming
1729:Currently, the engine is produced for SCCA
760:. Its construction was very similar to the
628:, a single-rotor engine very much like the
3260:
3246:
2732:
2718:
2633:
2006:Büschi, Hans-Ulrich, ed. (10 March 1983).
1992:Mazda 3A engine on display at Mazda Museum
745:0813 rotary engine in a Mazda Cosmo (L10B)
677:seals addressed the chatter mark problem.
397:in 2012, the engine was produced only for
358:Wankel engines were invented in 1950s by
228:2.6L 2,616 cc (159.6 cu in)
226:2.0L 1,962 cc (119.7 cu in)
149:
2405:. Mazda Motor Corporation. Archived from
1056:Turbocharged 12A installed in Mazda Cosmo
948:which featured variable induction ports.
390:—as is true for all Wankel-type engines.
224:1.3L 1,308 cc (79.8 cu in)
222:1.2L 1,146 cc (69.9 cu in)
126:Learn how and when to remove this message
2607:
2024:
1676:
1630:
1570:
1470:after Mazda's naming convention for the
1439:
1431:
1153:
1051:
868:
855:
740:
604:As Wankel engines became commonplace in
138:Reciprocating internal combustion engine
2558:"Mazda rotary engine returning in 2019"
2507:
2072:JDM Spec Engines - Mazda 13B-REW Engine
2001:
1999:
1945:"Rotary Performance Technical Articles"
893:The 13A was used only in the 1969–1972
624:Mazda's first prototype Wankel was the
220:1.0L 982 cc (59.9 cu in)
218:0.8L 798 cc (48.7 cu in)
14:
4145:
2533:
2323:"Rotary vs. Piston Engine Equivalency"
1744:
1436:Eunos Cosmo engine at the Mazda Museum
3241:
2756:
2713:
2529:
2527:
2144:
2052:
873:13A engine in a Mazda Luce R130 coupe
711:The 0810 was modified for the racing
362:, a German engineer. Over the years,
216:0.4L 360 cc (22 cu in)
4163:World Sportscar Championship engines
2608:Pettendy, Marton (27 October 2017).
1996:
1962:
1320:(183 lbf⋅ft) at 3500 rpm.
753:engine appeared in July 1968 in the
64:adding citations to reliable sources
35:
1331:Turbo-II, 185 PS (136 kW)
393:Since the end of production of the
319:20–200 lb⋅ft (27–271 N⋅m)
24:
2634:Szymkowski, Sean (14 April 2021).
2524:
1566:
558:
555:
552:
549:
546:
543:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
520:
505:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
374:. The engines became popular with
25:
4179:
2693:
2508:Lienert, Anita (23 August 2011).
2107:
1209:Mazda REPU (Rotary Engine Pickup)
2665:. St. Martin's Press, New York.
2262:"1991 Mazda 787B Specifications"
1613:Mazda Premacy Hydrogen RE Hybrid
1601:International Engine of the Year
309:100–700 hp (75–522 kW)
40:
4042:Mazda North American Operations
2627:
2601:
2576:
2550:
2501:
2475:
2421:
2395:
2373:
2351:
2341:
2314:
2300:
2286:
2268:
2254:
2240:
2234:"1991 Mazda 787B | Review"
2226:
2212:
2190:
2164:
2138:
2101:
2076:
2065:
2046:
1985:
1721:On 16 November 2011, Mazda CEO
1482:was only used in the 1990-1995
1123:was an improved version of the
417:
51:needs additional citations for
4047:Mazda Toyota Manufacturing USA
2705:Mazda Rotary Engine Specialist
2510:"Mazda RX-8 Ceases Production"
1937:
1899:
1885:
1871:
1857:
1843:
1829:
1804:
561:
517:
13:
1:
4075:Mazda road vehicle timeline (
2359:"Mazda RX-8 Renesis hydrogen"
1837:"1991 Mazda 787B @ Top Speed"
1797:
685:The first 10A engine was the
349:rotary combustion car engines
2033:
1977:. p. 70. Archived from
1550:in replacement of the older
881:was designed especially for
7:
2661:Yamaguchi, Jack K. (1985).
2036:Le Moniteur de l'Automobile
1969:Black, Byron (April 1971).
1780:
1737:LLC dba INDYCAR sanctioned
1488:
1423:, 280 PS (206 kW)
1414:, 265 PS (195 kW)
1405:, 255 PS (188 kW)
1371:, 230 PS (169 kW)
1238:
10:
4184:
3813:Premacy Hydrogen RE Hybrid
3224:
3222:
3220:
3193:
3191:
3189:
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2984:
2982:
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2951:
2949:
2947:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
1922:"The Wankel Rotary Engine"
1920:Kenneth C. Weston (2000).
1427:
1375:
1298:
991:, 100 hp (75 kW)
421:
26:
4168:Gasoline engines by model
4122:
4068:
4032:
4002:
3974:
3906:
3897:
3866:
3725:
3517:
3465:
3449:
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3407:
3386:
3320:
3282:
3275:
3267:
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3209:
3195:
3182:
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3011:
3006:
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2999:
2986:
2973:
2971:
2957:
2953:
2945:
2940:
2938:
2761:
2751:
2005:
1968:
1660:Gasoline direct injection
1486:. It was offered in both
1382:sequentially-turbocharged
1349:
1309:electronic fuel injection
997:racing aircraft used two
786:Mazda R100/Familia Rotary
775:July 1968–September 1972
761:
334:347 lb (157 kg)
328:
323:
313:
303:
298:
286:
274:
264:
247:
237:
232:
210:
198:
193:
185:
174:
162:
157:
148:
143:
3457:MX-5/MX-5 Miata/Roadster
2700:Mazda rotary engine page
1672:
1608:list for 2004 and 2005.
1551:
1384:version of the 13B, the
1317:twin-scroll turbocharger
1047:
1003:
887:
598:
1971:"The Minicars of Japan"
1733:, and its professional
1529:
791:
736:
680:
403:Star Mazda Championship
366:has been increased and
2053:Wakefield, Ron (ed.).
1933:. University of Tulsa.
1739:Pro Mazda Championship
1686:
1636:
1626:
1617:Mazda RX-8 Hydrogen RE
1606:Ward's 10 Best Engines
1576:
1510:
1445:
1437:
1255:-like effect from the
1159:
1149:
1114:
1057:
915:
874:
864:
861:
746:
663:
636:
619:
576:
4059:AutoAlliance Thailand
2383:. Hydrogencarsnow.com
2361:. Hydrogencarsnow.com
2280:10 March 2016 at the
1680:
1649:
1634:
1574:
1536:sports prototype cars
1443:
1435:
1182:
1179:through 2002's RX-7.
1157:
1055:
872:
859:
836:
744:
577:
388:power-to-weight ratio
144:Wankel rotary engines
75:"Mazda Wankel engine"
2682:Automobile Quarterly
2200:. Der-wankelmotor.de
2061:(January 1975): 104.
1158:Wankel rotors of 13B
845:use in the upcoming
655:dry-sump lubrication
447:
401:, with the one-make
399:single seater racing
342:Mazda Wankel engines
60:improve this article
3582:Familia/323/Protegé
2409:on 22 November 2010
2329:on 24 December 2010
2126:on 15 December 2018
2008:Automobil Revue '83
1930:Energy Conservation
1867:. 26 November 2019.
1839:. 30 November 2005.
1745:Future expectations
1560:24 Hours of Le Mans
1257:Helmholtz resonance
942:catalytic converter
927:24 hours of Le Mans
18:Mazda rotary engine
4097:Ford Motor Company
2564:. 23 November 2016
2178:. 19 February 2015
2145:Authority, Motor.
2117:www.media.mazda.ca
2088:www.racingbeat.com
1895:. 5 December 2019.
1735:Indy Racing League
1723:Takashi Yamanouchi
1687:
1637:
1577:
1446:
1438:
1160:
1058:
875:
862:
747:
572:
436:measurements of a
4140:
4139:
4028:
4027:
3513:
3512:
3434:Commercial trucks
3235:
3234:
3230:
3229:
2489:. 14 January 2023
2435:. 14 January 2023
1792:MidWest AE series
1444:Rotary Engine 20B
883:front-wheel drive
570:
464:
338:
337:
136:
135:
128:
110:
16:(Redirected from
4175:
3904:
3903:
3682:RX-8 Hydrogen RE
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2512:. Insideline.com
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2325:. Archived from
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2272:
2266:
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2258:
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2250:. 30 April 2018.
2244:
2238:
2237:
2236:. 18 April 2016.
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2159:
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2151:Business Insider
2142:
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2125:
2119:. Archived from
2114:
2108:Young, Gregory.
2105:
2099:
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2069:
2063:
2062:
2059:Road & Track
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1824:
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1808:
1478:The three-rotor
1074:direct injection
1068:, and SA series
995:Aero Design DG-1
899:rear-wheel drive
651:Tokyo Motor Show
581:
579:
578:
573:
571:
566:
565:
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542:
513:
512:
465:
460:
451:
410:e-Skyactiv R-EV
344:are a family of
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3647:Pathfinder XV-1
3519:
3509:
3485:Flair Crossover
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3321:SUVs/crossovers
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2614:motoring.com.au
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2282:Wayback Machine
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1881:. 8 April 2021.
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1800:
1783:
1773:variant of the
1747:
1683:Ward's AutoNews
1675:
1652:
1629:
1569:
1567:13B-MSP Renesis
1532:
1513:
1466:It was renamed
1430:
1378:
1352:
1301:
1245:intake manifold
1241:
1221:Mazda Roadpacer
1185:
1152:
1117:
1050:
1024:(United States)
918:
867:
839:
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641:The very first
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434:bore and stroke
426:
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372:fuel efficiency
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45:
32:
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11:
5:
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4158:Wankel engines
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3867:Former marques
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3798:MX-5 Speedster
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3657:Premacy/Mazda5
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2694:External links
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2538:. Autoblog.com
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2296:. 14 May 2003.
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2198:"Mazda Wankel"
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2100:
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2016:
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1538:including the
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1323:Applications:
1300:
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1284:Mazda HB Cosmo
1280:
1272:Applications:
1267:fuel injection
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779:Series II/L10B
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4053:Changan Mazda
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4033:International
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4020:Wankel family
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2744:Wankel rotary
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2089:
2085:
2084:"Mazda Furai"
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2060:
2056:
2049:
2041:
2038:(in French).
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2019:
2017:3-444-06065-3
2013:
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1909:. 5 May 2019.
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1816:www.mazda.com
1813:
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1787:Mazda engines
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1731:Formula Mazda
1727:
1724:
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1713:
1709:
1705:
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1697:
1692:
1691:energy crisis
1684:
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1366:
1365:
1364:
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1329:Mazda HC Luce
1326:
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1321:
1318:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1294:
1291:
1290:Mazda FB RX-7
1287:
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1281:
1279:
1278:Mazda HB Luce
1275:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
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1254:
1250:
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1234:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1216:
1215:Mazda Parkway
1212:
1210:
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1203:
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848:
847:Mazda Chantez
844:
831:
827:
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825:
822:
819:
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811:
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803:
799:
787:
783:
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769:
765:
763:
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752:
749:The improved
743:
732:
731:
730:Series I/L10A
725:
724:
723:
720:
718:
714:
709:
708:lubrication.
706:
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539:
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486:
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438:piston engine
435:
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409:
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400:
396:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
368:turbocharging
365:
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318:
316:
315:Torque output
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259:fuel injected
256:
253:
250:
246:
243:1982 & up
242:
240:
236:
231:
215:
213:
209:
206:
205:Wankel engine
203:
201:
200:Configuration
197:
192:
188:
184:
181:(RX-8 engine)
180:
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130:
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119:
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87:
84:
80:
77: –
76:
72:
71:Find sources:
65:
61:
55:
54:
49:This article
47:
43:
38:
37:
34:
30:
19:
4111:
4019:
3858:Vision Coupe
3843:Suitcase Car
3518:Discontinued
3467:Kei vehicles
3415:Bongo Brawny
3175:Proceed/REPU
3041:Roadpacer AP
2757:
2743:
2685:
2681:
2662:
2645:. Retrieved
2639:
2629:
2617:. Retrieved
2613:
2603:
2591:. Retrieved
2587:
2578:
2566:. Retrieved
2561:
2552:
2540:. Retrieved
2534:Matt Davis.
2514:. Retrieved
2503:
2491:. Retrieved
2486:
2477:
2465:. Retrieved
2461:
2437:. Retrieved
2432:
2423:
2411:. Retrieved
2407:the original
2397:
2385:. Retrieved
2375:
2363:. Retrieved
2353:
2343:
2331:. Retrieved
2327:the original
2316:
2302:
2288:
2270:
2256:
2242:
2228:
2214:
2202:. Retrieved
2192:
2180:. Retrieved
2175:
2166:
2154:. Retrieved
2150:
2140:
2128:. Retrieved
2121:the original
2116:
2103:
2091:. Retrieved
2087:
2078:
2067:
2058:
2048:
2039:
2035:
2007:
1987:
1979:the original
1974:
1964:
1952:. Retrieved
1948:
1939:
1929:
1915:
1901:
1887:
1873:
1859:
1845:
1831:
1819:. Retrieved
1815:
1806:
1768:
1764:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1728:
1720:
1716:
1702:use (in the
1688:
1668:
1664:
1656:
1653:
1638:
1621:
1610:
1597:
1593:
1585:fuel economy
1578:
1533:
1516:
1514:
1501:
1495:
1487:
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1467:
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1457:
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1322:
1313:
1304:
1302:
1292:
1271:
1253:supercharger
1248:
1242:
1201:
1200:Mazda Cosmo
1193:
1188:
1186:
1169:
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1130:
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1120:
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840:
832:(Japan-spec)
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797:
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778:
777:Mazda Cosmo
770:
766:
754:
750:
748:
729:
728:Mazda Cosmo
721:
710:
702:
697:
690:
686:
684:
675:
669:
667:
659:
646:
640:
625:
623:
614:
610:
603:
584:
427:
418:Displacement
392:
364:displacement
360:Felix Wankel
357:
351:produced by
341:
339:
305:Power output
239:Turbocharger
212:Displacement
189:1967–present
178:
164:Manufacturer
122:
116:January 2018
113:
103:
96:
89:
82:
70:
58:Please help
53:verification
50:
33:
3597:Lantis/323F
3557:Capella/626
3505:Scrum Wagon
3495:Scrum Truck
3490:Flair Wagon
3450:Sports cars
3425:Familia Van
3394:Bongo Truck
2593:16 December
2568:16 December
2333:16 December
2182:14 December
2156:14 December
2130:14 December
2093:14 December
1949:www.rx7.com
1644:concept car
1641:Mazda Taiki
1635:Mazda Taiki
1484:Eunos Cosmo
1369:Eunos Cosmo
1097:Mazda Cosmo
1040:Mazda Cosmo
717:Nürburgring
643:Mazda Cosmo
380:hot rodders
175:Also called
4147:Categories
4107:Mazdaspeed
4035:operations
3946:MZR engine
3916:OHV engine
3733:Chantez EV
3617:MPV/Mazda8
3537:AZ-Offroad
3072:Cosmo/RX-5
2619:10 January
2542:27 January
2516:27 January
2493:17 January
2467:17 January
2439:17 January
2413:5 November
2387:15 October
2365:15 October
2204:15 October
1954:8 November
1821:7 February
1798:References
1700:sports car
1589:Mazda RX-7
1581:Mazda RX-8
1421:Mazda RX-7
1412:Mazda RX-7
1403:Mazda RX-7
1367:1990–1995
1343:Mazda RX-7
1341:1989–1991
1336:Mazda RX-7
1334:1986–1988
1327:1986–1991
1288:1984–1985
1282:1984–1985
1276:1984–1985
1264:L-Jetronic
1233:Mazda RX-5
1231:1975–1980
1227:Mazda RX-4
1225:1973–1978
1219:1975–1977
1213:1974–1977
1207:1974–1977
1198:1975–1980
1173:Mazda Luce
1143:Mazda RX-3
1141:1974–1978
1137:Mazda RX-2
1135:1974–1978
1109:Mazda RX-7
1107:1984–1985
1103:Mazda Luce
1101:1982–1985
1095:1982–1989
1038:1981–1985
1034:Mazda Luce
1032:1981–1985
1022:Mazda RX-7
1020:1980–1985
1015:Mazda RX-7
1013:1979–1985
1010:Lean-burn
999:Mazda RX-3
989:Mazda RX-7
987:1978–1985
983:Mazda Luce
981:1972–1980
977:Mazda RX-4
975:1972–1974
970:Mazda RX-3
968:1972–1974
963:Mazda RX-2
961:1970–1974
957:Mazda R100
955:1970–1972
910:Mazda R130
908:1970–1972
830:Mazda RX-3
828:1972–1974
784:1968–1973
726:1965–1968
705:carburetor
606:motorsport
595:crankshaft
422:See also:
395:Mazda RX-8
378:builders,
330:Dry weight
324:Dimensions
276:Oil system
255:Carbureted
233:Combustion
186:Production
86:newspapers
4113:Zoom-Zoom
4092:Factories
4077:1960–1989
3961:YF engine
3921:xC engine
3828:RX-Vision
3763:Iconic SP
3577:Demio/121
3500:Scrum Van
3420:Bongo Van
3036:Full-size
2588:CarsGuide
1975:Road Test
1418:1999–2002
1409:1996–1998
1400:1992–1995
938:lean-burn
895:R130 Luce
853:, Japan.
851:Hiroshima
816:ollution
515:⋅
487:⋅
467:⋅
457:⋅
265:Fuel type
179:"RENESIS"
4132:Category
4087:Vehicles
4069:See also
3989:K engine
3984:J engine
3966:SkyActiv
3956:L engine
3951:Z engine
3941:B engine
3936:G engine
3931:F engine
3926:E engine
3726:Concepts
3612:Millenia
3587:Mazda-Go
3552:B Series
3542:AZ-Wagon
2959:Mid-size
2746:timeline
2688:: 50–61.
2647:15 April
2562:Fox News
2278:Archived
2176:Top Gear
1781:See also
1546:and the
1503:Top Gear
1249:13B-RESI
1243:A tuned
1239:13B-RESI
1078:knocking
715:used at
691:Series I
281:Wet sump
269:Gasoline
158:Overview
29:Boron-20
3899:Engines
3879:Autozam
3838:Shinari
3778:Kazamai
3717:Xedos 6
3702:Tribute
3687:Savanna
3652:Persona
3642:Parkway
3276:Current
3206:Parkway
3201:Minibus
3117:Savanna
2964:Capella
2931:Familia
2926:Compact
2462:Autocar
2348:engine.
1694:piston-
1548:RX-792P
1524:Le Mans
1480:20B-REW
1450:Le Mans
1428:13G/20B
1386:13B-REW
1376:13B-REW
1299:13B-DEI
1017:(Japan)
843:kei car
382:and in
376:kit car
100:scholar
3994:AJ/MZI
3884:ɛ̃fini
3848:Takeri
3823:RX-500
3808:Nagare
3793:Minagi
3783:Kiyora
3768:Kabura
3748:Hazumi
3743:Hakaze
3707:Verisa
3697:Spiano
3692:Sentia
3637:Navajo
3602:Laputa
3547:Biante
3520:models
3307:Mazda6
3302:Mazda3
3295:Hybrid
3290:Mazda2
3170:Pickup
3112:Sports
3013:Legato
2777:2010s
2774:2000s
2771:1990s
2768:1980s
2765:1970s
2762:1960s
2669:
2014:
1760:BMW i3
1696:Diesel
1489:13B-RE
1350:13B-RE
1293:GSL-SE
1191:name.
808:ngine
804:otary
713:Cosmos
346:Wankel
299:Output
251:system
194:Layout
102:
95:
88:
81:
73:
4061:(50%)
4055:(50%)
4049:(50%)
4003:Other
3889:Eunos
3874:Amati
3853:Taiki
3833:Ryuga
3818:RX-01
3788:Koeru
3758:Ibuki
3738:Furai
3667:Revue
3562:Cosmo
3480:Flair
3475:Carol
3441:Titan
3399:BT-50
3378:MX-30
3373:CX-90
3363:CX-80
3353:CX-70
3348:CX-60
3343:CX-50
3333:CX-30
3269:Mazda
3215:AE/VE
2741:Mazda
2487:Drive
2433:Drive
2124:(PDF)
2113:(PDF)
1925:(PDF)
1775:MX-30
1708:Cosmo
1673:Sales
1554:. In
1517:13J-M
1498:Furai
1261:Bosch
1062:Cosmo
1048:Turbo
758:Cosmo
694:Cosmo
591:Mazda
408:MX-30
353:Mazda
293:Water
169:Mazda
107:JSTOR
93:books
4127:Cars
3753:HR-X
3712:VX-1
3677:RX-8
3672:RX-7
3662:R360
3632:MX-6
3627:MX-3
3622:MS-8
3607:Luce
3592:K360
3572:CX-7
3567:CX-4
3532:AZ-1
3368:CX-9
3358:CX-8
3338:CX-5
3328:CX-3
3312:EZ-6
3283:Cars
3184:REPU
3129:RX-8
3125:RX-7
3121:RX-3
3082:L10B
3077:L10A
2996:RX-4
2992:Luce
2968:RX-2
2942:R100
2935:R100
2758:Type
2686:XI.1
2667:ISBN
2649:2021
2641:CNET
2621:2018
2595:2016
2570:2016
2544:2012
2518:2012
2495:2023
2469:2023
2441:2023
2415:2010
2389:2010
2367:2010
2335:2010
2206:2010
2184:2018
2158:2018
2132:2018
2095:2018
2012:ISBN
1956:2015
1823:2020
1712:RX-8
1706:and
1704:RX-7
1615:and
1556:1991
1544:787B
1530:R26B
1177:RX-4
1162:The
1119:The
1070:RX-7
1066:Luce
1029:6PI
920:The
877:The
812:nti
798:0866
792:0866
762:0810
751:0813
737:0813
698:L10A
687:0810
681:0810
668:The
568:1000
340:The
249:Fuel
79:news
4079:) (
3773:Kai
3527:929
2975:SNA
1627:16X
1552:13J
1540:767
1521:767
1511:13J
1472:767
1468:20B
1458:13G
1454:757
1448:In
1390:DIN
1305:DEI
1164:13B
1150:13B
1125:12A
1121:12B
1115:12B
1004:12A
946:6PI
922:12A
916:12A
888:10A
879:13A
865:13A
670:10A
664:10A
647:L8A
637:L8A
630:NSU
626:40A
620:40A
599:13A
257:or
62:by
4149::
4102:M2
3976:V6
3908:I4
3163:SE
3158:FD
3153:FC
3148:FB
3143:SA
3099:JC
3094:HB
3089:CD
3067:GT
3050:RP
3023:HC
3018:HB
3008:LA
2920:1
2914:9
2884:9
2854:9
2824:9
2794:9
2684:.
2638:.
2612:.
2586:.
2560:.
2526:^
2485:.
2460:.
2449:^
2431:.
2174:.
2149:.
2115:.
2086:.
2057:.
2040:34
2026:^
1998:^
1973:.
1947:.
1927:.
1814:.
1741:.
1650:8C
1619:.
1542:,
1460:.
1380:A
1202:AP
1189:AP
1183:AP
1064:,
837:3A
764:.
414:.
355:.
4083:)
3261:e
3254:t
3247:v
3138:S
3127:/
3123:/
3119:/
3003:R
2994:/
2966:/
2933:/
2917:0
2911:8
2908:7
2905:6
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2899:4
2896:3
2893:2
2890:1
2887:0
2881:8
2878:7
2875:6
2872:5
2869:4
2866:3
2863:2
2860:1
2857:0
2851:8
2848:7
2845:6
2842:5
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2833:2
2830:1
2827:0
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2812:5
2809:4
2806:3
2803:2
2800:1
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2782:5
2733:e
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2020:.
1958:.
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1685:)
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1001:(
818:S
814:P
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562:)
559:s
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553:i
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536:t
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527:f
524:f
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518:(
510:2
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484:h
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478:p
475:e
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56:.
31:.
20:)
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