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configurations, exhaust gases were directed from one head through the intake cross over to the other head. One method for regulating the exhaust flow on the cross over for intake warming was a weighted eccentric butterfly valve called a heat riser that remained closed at idle and opened at higher exhaust flow. Some vehicles used a heat stove around the exhaust manifold. It was connected to the air filter intake via tubing and supplied warmed air to the air filter. A vacuum controlled butterfly valve pre heat tube on the intake horn of the air cleaner would open allowing cooler air when engine load increased.
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In the United States, carburetors were the common method of fuel delivery for most US-made gasoline (petrol) engines until the late 1980s, when fuel injection became the preferred method. One of the last motorsport users of carburetors was NASCAR, which switched to electronic fuel injection after the
810:
A carburetor heat system is often used to prevent icing. This system consists of a secondary air intake which passes around the exhaust, in order to heat the air before it enters the carburetor. Typically, the system is operated by the pilot manually switching the intake air to travel via the heated
474:
While the main metering circuit can adequately supply fuel to the engine in steady-state conditions, the inertia of fuel (being higher than that of air) causes a temporary shortfall as the throttle is opened. Therefore, an accelerator pump is often used to briefly provide extra fuel as the throttle
457:
A metering rod or step-up rod system is sometimes used as an alternative to a power valve in a four-stroke engine in order to supply extra fuel at high loads. One end of the rods is tapered, which sits in the main metering jets and acts as a valve for fuel flow in the jets. At high engine loads, the
385:
an engine and prevent it from starting. To remove the excess fuel, many carburetors with automatic chokes allow it to be held open (by manually, depressing the accelerator pedal to the floor and briefly holding it there while cranking the starter) to allow extra air into the engine until the excess
368:
While the engine is warming up the choke valve is partially closed, restricting the flow of air at the entrance to the carburetor. This increases the vacuum in the main metering circuit, causing more fuel to be supplied to the engine via the main jets. Prior to the late 1950s the choke was manually
686:
The use of multiple carburetors (e.g., a carburetor for each cylinder or pair of cylinders) also results in the intake air being drawn through multiple venturi. Some high-performance engines have used multiple two-barrel or four-barrel carburetors, for example six two-barrel carburetors on
Ferrari
564:
which regulates the fuel entering the chamber. As the flowrate of the air in the chamber (controlled by the throttling valve/butterfly valve) decreases, the diaphragm moves inward (downward), which closes the needle valve to admit less fuel. As the flowrate of the air in the chamber increases, the
268:
tends to be proportional to the square of the intake airspeed. The fuel jets are much smaller and fuel flow is limited mainly by the fuel's viscosity so that the fuel flow tends to be proportional to the pressure difference. So jets sized for full power tend to starve the engine at lower speed and
675:
The basic design for a carburetor consists of a single venturi (main metering circuit), though designs with two or four venturi (two-barrel and four-barrel carburetors respectively) are also quite commonplace. Typically the barrels consist of "primary" barrel(s) used for lower load situations and
377:
to automatically regulate the choke based on the temperature of the engine's coolant liquid, an electrical resistance heater to do so, or air drawn through a tube connected to an engine exhaust source. A choke left closed after the engine has warmed up increases the engine's fuel consumption and
404:
The system within a carburetor that meters fuel when the engine is running at low RPM. The idle circuit is generally activated by vacuum under the throttle plate, which causes a low-pressure area in the idle passage/port thus causing fuel to flow through the idle jet. The idle jet is set at some
538:
can occur in carbureted engines, especially in hotter climates. Since the float chamber is located close to the engine, heat from the engine (including for several hours after the engine is shut off) can cause the fuel to heat up to the point of vaporization. This causes air bubbles in the fuel
413:
Many carburetors use an off-idle circuit, which includes an additional fuel jet which is briefly used as the throttle starts to open. This jet is located in a low-pressure area behind the throttle. The additional fuel it provides is used to compensate for the reduced vacuum that occurs when the
636:
Constant velocity carburetors use a variable throttle closure in the intake air stream before the accelerator pedal operated the throttle plate. This variable closure is controlled by intake manifold pressure/vacuum. This pressure-controlled throttle provides relatively even intake pressure
817:
Carburetor icing also occurs on other applications and various methods have been employed to solve this problem. On inline engines the intake and exhaust manifolds are on the same side of the head. Heat from the exhaust is used to warm the intake manifold and in turn the carburetor. On V
430:). A 'power valve', which is a spring-loaded valve in the carburetor that is held shut by engine vacuum, is often used to do so. As the airflow through the carburetor increases the reduced manifold vacuum pulls the power valve open, allowing more fuel into the main metering circuit.
784:
legislation required all vehicles sold and produced in member countries to have a catalytic converter after
December 1992. This legislation had been in the pipeline for some time, with many cars becoming available with catalytic converters or fuel injection from around 1990.
346:
At greater throttle openings, the speed of air passing through the venturi increases, which lowers the pressure of the air and draws more fuel into the airstream. At the same time, the reduced manifold vacuum results in less fuel flow through the idle and off-idle circuits.
555:
If an engine must be operated when the carburetor is not in an upright orientation (for example in a chainsaw or airplane), a float chamber and gravity activated float valve would not be suitable. Instead, a diaphragm chamber is typically used. This consists of a flexible
396:, which is connected to the choke and prevents the throttle from closing fully while the choke is in operation. The resulting increase in idle speed provides a more stable idle for a cold engine (by better atomizing the cold fuel) and helps the engine warm up quicker.
801:
A significant concern for aircraft engines is the formation of ice inside the carburetor. The temperature of air within the carburetor can be reduced by up to 40 °C (72 °F), due to a combination of the reduced air pressure in the venturi and the
806:
of the evaporating fuel. The conditions during the descent to landing are particularly conducive to icing, since the engine is run at idle for a prolonged period with the throttle closed. Icing can also occur in cruise conditions at altitude.
565:
diaphragm moves outward (upward) which opens the needle valve to admit more fuel, allowing the engine to generate more power. A balanced state is reached which creates a steady fuel reservoir level, that remains constant in any orientation.
632:
Constant vacuum carburetors (also called variable choke carburetors), whereby the throttle cable is connected directly to the throttle cable plate. Pulling the cord caused raw gasoline to enter the carburetor, creating a large emission of
676:
secondary barrel(s) activating when required to provide additional air/fuel at higher loads. The primary and secondary venturi are often sized differently and incorporate different features to suit the situations in which they are used.
811:
intake path as required. The carburetor heat system reduces the power output (due to the lower density of heated air) and causes the intake air filter to be bypassed, therefore the system is only used when there is a risk of icing.
546:
To avoid pressurizing the float chamber, vent tubes allow air to enter and exit the float chamber. These tubes usually extend into the carburetor throat, placed to prevent fuel from sloshing out of them into the carburetor.
526:
Unlike in a fuel injected engine, the fuel system in a carbureted engine is not pressurized. For engines where the intake air travelling through the carburetor is pressurized (such as where the carburetor is downstream of a
441:
it closes to reduce the fuel entering the engine. This is done in order to extend the engine's maximum RPM, since many two-stroke engines can temporarily achieve higher RPM with a leaner air-fuel ratio.
1653:
261:
does not directly increase the fuel entering the engine. Instead, the airflow through the carburetor increases, which in turn increases the amount of fuel drawn into the intake mixture.
780:
In Europe, carburetors were largely replaced by fuel injection in the late 1980s, although fuel injection had been increasingly used in luxury cars and sports cars since the 1970s.
519:
In order to ensure an adequate supply at all times, carburetors include a reservoir of fuel, called a "float chamber" or "float bowl". Fuel is delivered to the float chamber by a
769:
4GC, introduced in various
General Motors models for 1952. Oldsmobile referred the new carburetor as the "Quadri-Jet" (original spelling) while Buick called it the "Airpower".
458:
rods are lifted away from the jets (either mechanically or using manifold vacuum), increasing the volume of fuel can flow through the jet. These systems have been used by the
1746:
531:) the entire carburetor must be contained in an airtight pressurized box to operate. However, this is not necessary where the carburetor is upstream of the supercharger.
814:
If the engine is operating at idle RPM, another method to prevent icing is to periodically open the throttle, which increases the air temperature within the carburetor.
332:) which is used to control the amount of air entering the carburetor. In a car, this throttle is connected to the vehicle's throttle pedal, which varies engine speed.
335:
At lesser throttle openings, the air speed through the venturi is insufficient to maintain the fuel flow, therefore the fuel is instead supplied by the carburetor's
97:
have always used fuel injection instead of carburetors, as the compression-based combustion of diesel requires the greater precision and pressure of fuel-injection.
1828:
1664:
679:
Many four-barrel carburetors use two primary and two secondary barrels. A four-barrel design of two primary and two secondary barrels was commonly used in
437:, the carburetor power valve operates in the opposite manner: in most circumstances the valve allows extra fuel into the engine, then at a certain engine
242:. Most engines use a single carburetor shared between all of the cylinders, though some high-performance engines historically had multiple carburetors.
1639:
1523:
355:
During cold weather fuel vaporizes less readily and tends to condense on the walls of the intake manifold, starving the cylinders of fuel and making
264:
The main disadvantage of basing a carburetor's operation on
Bernoulli's Principle is that being a fluid dynamic device, the pressure reduction in a
1064:
1552:
Scientific
American Inventions and Discoveries: All the Milestones in Ingenuity—From the Discovery of Fire to the Invention of the Microwave Oven
1783:
93:(e.g. lawnmowers, generators, and concrete mixers) and motorcycles. In addition, they are still widely used on piston engine driven aircraft.
1222:
The gas-engine. A treatise on the internal-combustion engine using gas, gasoline, kerosene, alcohol, or other hydrocarbon as source of energy
1688:
274:
82:
in the main metering circuit, though various other components are also used to provide extra fuel or air in specific circumstances.
1821:
726:
All three of these engines used surface carburetors, which operated by moving air across the top of a vessel containing the fuel.
734:
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difficult. Additional fuel is required (for a given amount of air) to start and run the engine until it warms up, provided by a
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to control and mix air and fuel entering the engine. The primary method of adding fuel to the intake air is through the
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it is often desirable to provide extra fuel to the engine at high loads (to increase the power output and reduce
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of the intake air reduces at higher speeds, drawing more fuel into the airstream. In most cases (except for the
235:
2013:
183:
2252:
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Air bleeds allowing air into various portions of the fuel passages, to enhance fuel delivery and vaporization.
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446:
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carburetors, where the air enters from below the carburetor and exits through the top. From the late 1930s,
1894:
1119:
Internal-combustion engines; their principles and applications to automobile, aircraft, and marine purposes
378:
exhaust gas emissions, and causes the engine to run rough and lack power due to an over-rich fuel mixture.
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The main metering circuit consists of a pipe which reduces to a narrows before widening again, forming a
179:
45:
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Holley "Visi-Flo" model #1904 carburetors from the 1950s, factory equipped with transparent glass bowls
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throttle is opened, thus smoothing the transition from the idle circuit to the main metering circuit.
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523:. A floating inlet valve regulates the fuel entering the float chamber, assuring a constant level.
246:
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The accelerator pump can also be used to "prime" an engine with extra fuel prior to attempting a
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172:
109:, which means "to combine with carbon", or, in particular, "to enrich a gas by combining it with
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8:
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Feedback carburetors, which adjusted the fuel/air mixture in response to signals from an
733:, was introduced by German engineers Wilhelm Maybach and Gottlieb Daimler in their 1885
683:
to conserve fuel at low engine speeds while still affording an adequate supply at high.
405:
constant value by the carburetor manufacturer, thus flowing a specified amount of fuel.
2221:
2018:
842:
716:
520:
423:
239:
16:
Component of internal combustion engines which mixes air and fuel in a controlled ratio
373:. Since then, automatic chokes became more commonplace. These either use a bimetallic
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1963:
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carburetors become more commonly used (especially in the United States), along with
280:
The orientation of the carburetor is a key design consideration. Older engines used
2315:
2272:
2231:
2180:
2145:
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133:
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Another method used by carburetors to improve the operation of a cold engine is a
2426:
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1986:
1943:
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730:
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329:
250:
137:
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The formation of carburetor ice may reduce or block fuel-air flow to the engine.
751:
317:(aka "barrel"). Fuel is introduced into the air stream through small tubes (the
269:
part throttle. Most commonly this has been corrected by using multiple jets. In
2292:
2262:
2117:
1884:
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832:
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321:) at the narrowest part of the venturi, where the air is at its highest speed.
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mixed with air. The design did not reach production. In 1875 German engineer
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94:
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to assist with the atomization of the fuel, particularly for engines using
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528:
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2112:
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1958:
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24:
20:
905:"carburettor noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes"
511:
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1973:
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in aircraft engines, to prevent fuel starvation during inverted flight.
535:
374:
186: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
277:) variable jet carburetors, it was corrected by varying the jet size.
214:
2386:
2127:
2122:
1909:
1889:
680:
459:
370:
31:
1142:"Carburetor Basics - Tech Article - Chevy High Performance Magazine"
161:
2409:
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2008:
1933:
1899:
603:
325:
300:
1398:"HHF Factpaper: Siegfried Marcus – An Uncredited Inventive Genius"
2436:
2320:
655:
543:), which prevents the flow of fuel and is known as 'vapor lock'.
503:
126:
2247:
2226:
2003:
1953:
743:
car—built in
England in 1888—also used a float-fed carburetor.
708:
475:
is opened. When the driver presses the throttle pedal, a small
122:
118:
110:
1524:"Csonka János Emlékmúzeum – The pulverized (spray carburetor)"
226:
Air from the atmosphere enters the carburetor (usually via an
39:
585:
Other components that have been used on carburetors include:
483:
pump injects extra fuel directly into the carburetor throat.
54:
699:
received a patent for a "gas or vapor engine", which ran on
89:
for cars and trucks, but carburetors are still used by some
2401:
369:
operated by the driver, often using a lever or knob on the
85:
Since the 1990s, carburetors have been largely replaced by
1848:
438:
230:), has fuel added within the carburetor, passes into the
1791:. US Federal Aviation Administration. pp. 7–9–7–10
788:
1585:
The
Physical Tourist: A Science Guide for the Traveler
1322:"A Detailed History Of The Internal Combustion Engine"
1194:
Hillier, V.A.W.; Pittuck, F.W. (1966). "Section 3.6".
1718:. Society of Automotive Engineers. pp. 199–200.
729:
The first float-fed carburetor design, which used an
641:
1747:"NASCAR takes 'really big step' with fuel injection"
986:"This Is Why A Diesel Engine Can't Use A Carburetor"
715:system). Karl Benz introduced his single-cylinder
19:For heat treatment process for iron or steel, see
2477:
1502:. Society of Automotive Engineers. p. 276.
1169:"Know Your Carburetor- what it is, what it does"
560:on one side of the fuel chamber, connected to a
105:The name "carburetor" is derived from the verb
23:. For chemical reaction of carbon dioxide, see
1836:
1193:
1089:
637:throughout the engine's speed and load ranges.
445:This is not to be confused with the unrelated
1822:
1581:
539:(similar to the air bubbles that necessitate
452:
750:was patented in 1893 by Hungarian engineers
1582:Rigden, John S.; Stuewer, Roger H. (2009).
1198:(Second ed.). Hutchinson Educational.
761:The first four-barrel carburetors were the
304:Nomenclature for a single-barrel carburetor
1829:
1815:
1785:Pilots' Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge
1166:
983:
1711:
1495:
1250:. MotorBooks International. p. 154.
515:A float-type carburetor used in airplanes
449:arrangements used on two-stroke engines.
202:Learn how and when to remove this message
121:air with hydrocarbon-based fuel, such as
1895:Crankcase ventilation system (PCV valve)
1548:
1452:. Marshall Cavendish. 2008. p. 91.
1196:Fundamentals of Motor Vehicle Technology
1034:
899:
897:
870:
868:
792:
666:
645:
572:
510:
502:
308:
299:
213:
53:
38:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1482:Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
1270:
1243:
1237:
928:
926:
671:High-performance four-barrel carburetor
2478:
1744:
1555:, John Wiley & Sons, p. 335,
1218:
151:
1810:
1090:Beale, Paul; Partridge, Eric (2003),
894:
865:
711:engine (which also debuted the first
340:
1769:
1115:
923:
789:Icing in aircraft engine carburetors
707:produced a car powered by the first
550:
292:carburetors (especially in Europe).
184:adding citations to reliable sources
155:
132:The name is spelled "carburetor" in
1654:"1952 Oldsmobile prestige brochure"
984:Torchinsky, Jason (4 August 2021).
568:
469:
408:
140:. Colloquial abbreviations include
13:
642:Two-barrel and four-barrel designs
14:
2512:
1219:Hutton, Frederick Remsen (1908).
336:
74:) is a device used by a gasoline
1745:Aumann, Mark (11 January 2012).
848:List of carburetor manufacturers
498:
295:
160:
1997:Overhead valve (pushrod) layout
1738:
1715:World History of the Automobile
1705:
1681:
1646:
1632:
1602:
1575:
1542:
1516:
1499:World History of the Automobile
1489:
1473:
1440:
1415:
1390:
1365:
1340:
1314:
1289:
1264:
1212:
1187:
1160:
1134:
1109:
399:
324:Downstream of the venturi is a
171:needs additional citations for
144:in the UK and North America or
1225:. New York, Wiley. p. 197
1083:
1057:
1028:
1003:
977:
952:
909:oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com
493:
417:
1:
2496:Engine fuel system technology
1116:Lind, Wallace Ludwig (1920).
1040:"How does a carburetor work?"
858:
534:Problems of fuel boiling and
1689:"1952 Buick Airpower folder"
940:. Cambridge University Press
381:However, excessive fuel can
222:Type I side draft carburetor
100:
7:
1640:"Inspirator and Pulverizer"
1247:Harley-Davidson Motorcycles
876:"Definition of CARBURETTOR"
821:
746:The first carburetor for a
695:In 1826, American engineer
257:), the driver pressing the
117:". Thus a carburetor mixes
10:
2517:
1838:Internal combustion engine
1122:. Boston, Ginn. p. 71
690:
453:Metering rod / step-up rod
328:(usually in the form of a
76:internal combustion engine
29:
18:
2455:
2419:
2379:
2334:
2306:Diesel particulate filter
2291:
2258:Idle air control actuator
2240:
2207:
2199:Engine control unit (ECU)
2189:
2136:
2090:
2052:
1972:
1857:
1844:
1549:Carlisle, Rodney (2005),
1096:, Routledge, p. 60,
911:. Oxford University Press
58:Cross-sectional schematic
2371:Viscous fan (fan clutch)
2283:Throttle position sensor
1992:Overhead camshaft layout
1712:Eckermann, Erik (2001).
1496:Eckermann, Erik (2001).
1449:Inventors and Inventions
1377:www.inventionandtech.com
1275:. HP Books. p. 24.
1167:Packer, Ed (July 1953).
1093:Shorter Slang Dictionary
938:dictionary.cambridge.org
736:Grandfather Clock engine
350:
245:The carburetor works on
30:Not to be confused with
1910:Core plug (freeze plug)
1661:wildaboutcarsonline.com
1273:Baja Bugs & Buggies
1175:. Hearst Magazines: 183
1065:"Carburetors Explained"
960:"What Is a Carburetor?"
765:WCFB and the identical
612:petrol-paraffin engines
238:, and finally into the
1373:"Siegfried Marcus Car"
1348:"Siegfried Marcus Car"
1301:The Linda Hall Library
1271:Hibbard, Jeff (1983).
1244:Stermer, Bill (2002).
798:
775:2011 Sprint Cup series
721:Benz Patent-Motorwagen
672:
664:
625:, in order to allow a
617:Early fuel evaporators
608:tractor vaporizing oil
582:
516:
508:
305:
223:
59:
51:
828:Bernoulli's principle
796:
670:
649:
593:Fuel flow restrictors
576:
514:
506:
386:fuel is cleared out.
309:Main metering circuit
303:
247:Bernoulli's principle
217:
136:and "carburettor" in
57:
43:Two-barrel downdraft
42:
2151:Compression ignition
460:Rochester Quadra jet
180:improve this article
2301:Catalytic converter
1693:Oldcarbrochures.com
1038:(23 October 2009).
880:merriam-webster.com
741:Butler Petrol Cycle
627:catalytic converter
447:exhaust power valve
234:, then through the
152:Operating principle
2427:Knocking / pinging
2019:Combustion chamber
1757:on 25 October 2012
1402:hebrewhistory.info
1044:Explain that Stuff
1015:www.etymonline.com
843:List of auto parts
799:
673:
665:
583:
517:
509:
424:four-stroke engine
306:
240:combustion chamber
224:
60:
52:
2501:Engine components
2486:German inventions
2473:
2472:
2442:Stratified charge
2209:Electrical system
2191:Engine management
2024:Compression ratio
1964:Starter ring gear
1863:rotating assembly
1725:978-0-7680-0800-5
1595:978-3-7643-8933-8
1562:978-0-471-66024-8
1509:978-0-7680-0800-5
1459:978-0-7614-7761-7
1257:978-1-61060-951-7
1173:Popular Mechanics
882:. Merriam-Webster
763:Carter Carburetor
748:stationary engine
652:Weber carburetors
551:Diaphragm chamber
462:and in the 1950s
435:two-stroke engine
341:off-idle circuits
212:
211:
204:
2508:
2316:Exhaust manifold
2181:Spark plug wires
2067:Boost controller
2054:Forced induction
1831:
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1808:
1807:
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1753:. Archived from
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1663:. Archived from
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1616:. Archived from
1614:Scitech.mtesz.hu
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1539:
1537:
1535:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1007:
1001:
1000:
998:
996:
981:
975:
974:
972:
971:
964:stateofspeed.com
956:
950:
949:
947:
945:
930:
921:
920:
918:
916:
901:
892:
891:
889:
887:
872:
713:magneto ignition
705:Siegfried Marcus
577:Fordson tractor
569:Other components
470:Accelerator pump
409:Off-idle circuit
275:Zenith-Stromberg
273:and other (e.g.
255:accelerator pump
207:
200:
196:
193:
187:
164:
156:
134:American English
2516:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2476:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2451:
2447:Top dead centre
2415:
2375:
2330:
2287:
2236:
2210:
2203:
2192:
2185:
2132:
2086:
2048:
2004:Tappet / lifter
1987:Flathead layout
1977:
1968:
1862:
1853:
1840:
1835:
1805:
1804:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1770:
1760:
1758:
1743:
1739:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1710:
1706:
1697:
1695:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1623:
1621:
1620:on 17 July 2012
1608:
1607:
1603:
1596:
1580:
1576:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1547:
1543:
1533:
1531:
1528:csonkamuzeum.hu
1522:
1521:
1517:
1510:
1494:
1490:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1431:
1429:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1406:
1404:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1381:
1379:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1356:
1354:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1331:
1329:
1328:. 22 April 2021
1320:
1319:
1315:
1305:
1303:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1283:
1269:
1265:
1258:
1242:
1238:
1228:
1226:
1217:
1213:
1206:
1192:
1188:
1178:
1176:
1165:
1161:
1151:
1149:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1125:
1123:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1088:
1084:
1074:
1072:
1071:. 1 August 2014
1063:
1062:
1058:
1048:
1046:
1036:Woodford, Chris
1033:
1029:
1019:
1017:
1009:
1008:
1004:
994:
992:
982:
978:
969:
967:
958:
957:
953:
943:
941:
932:
931:
924:
914:
912:
903:
902:
895:
885:
883:
874:
873:
866:
861:
824:
791:
731:atomizer nozzle
693:
650:Six two-barrel
644:
571:
553:
501:
496:
472:
455:
428:engine knocking
420:
411:
402:
353:
330:butterfly valve
311:
298:
251:static pressure
208:
197:
191:
188:
177:
165:
154:
138:British English
103:
35:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2514:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2340:
2338:
2336:Cooling system
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2297:
2295:
2293:Exhaust system
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2263:Inlet manifold
2260:
2255:
2250:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2142:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2118:Fuel injection
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2058:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1983:
1981:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1885:Connecting rod
1882:
1877:
1872:
1866:
1864:
1855:
1854:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1834:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1811:
1803:
1802:
1768:
1737:
1724:
1704:
1680:
1645:
1631:
1601:
1594:
1574:
1561:
1541:
1515:
1508:
1488:
1472:
1458:
1439:
1414:
1389:
1364:
1339:
1313:
1297:"Samuel Morey"
1288:
1281:
1263:
1256:
1236:
1211:
1204:
1186:
1159:
1133:
1108:
1102:
1082:
1056:
1027:
1002:
976:
951:
922:
893:
863:
862:
860:
857:
856:
855:
853:Venturi effect
850:
845:
840:
835:
833:Fuel injection
830:
823:
820:
790:
787:
692:
689:
643:
640:
639:
638:
634:
630:
619:
614:
596:
590:
581:- cutaway view
570:
567:
552:
549:
541:brake bleeding
500:
497:
495:
492:
471:
468:
454:
451:
419:
416:
410:
407:
401:
398:
352:
349:
310:
307:
297:
294:
259:throttle pedal
236:inlet valve(s)
232:inlet manifold
210:
209:
168:
166:
159:
153:
150:
148:in Australia.
102:
99:
95:Diesel engines
87:fuel injection
66:(also spelled
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2513:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2454:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2349:Water cooling
2347:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2327:
2326:Oxygen sensor
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2241:Intake system
2239:
2233:
2232:Starter motor
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2171:Ignition coil
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2103:Petrol engine
2101:
2099:
2098:Diesel engine
2096:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2062:Blowoff valve
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1979:Cylinder head
1975:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1870:Balance shaft
1868:
1867:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1850:
1843:
1839:
1832:
1827:
1825:
1820:
1818:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1787:
1786:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1727:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1708:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1670:on 2016-03-04
1666:
1662:
1655:
1649:
1641:
1635:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1610:"Donát Bánki"
1605:
1597:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1578:
1564:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1545:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1511:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1492:
1484:
1483:
1476:
1461:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1443:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1403:
1399:
1393:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1284:
1282:0-89586-186-0
1278:
1274:
1267:
1259:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1240:
1224:
1223:
1215:
1207:
1205:9780091107116
1201:
1197:
1190:
1174:
1170:
1163:
1148:. 1 June 2002
1147:
1143:
1137:
1121:
1120:
1112:
1105:
1103:9781134879519
1099:
1095:
1094:
1086:
1070:
1069:autoevolution
1066:
1060:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1031:
1016:
1012:
1006:
991:
987:
980:
965:
961:
955:
939:
935:
929:
927:
910:
906:
900:
898:
881:
877:
871:
869:
864:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
825:
819:
815:
812:
808:
805:
795:
786:
783:
778:
776:
770:
768:
764:
759:
757:
753:
749:
744:
742:
738:
737:
732:
727:
724:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
688:
684:
682:
677:
669:
663:
660:
657:
653:
648:
635:
633:hydrocarbons.
631:
628:
624:
623:oxygen sensor
620:
618:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
594:
591:
588:
587:
586:
580:
575:
566:
563:
559:
548:
544:
542:
537:
532:
530:
524:
522:
513:
505:
499:Float chamber
491:
489:
484:
482:
478:
467:
466:carburetors.
465:
461:
450:
448:
443:
440:
436:
431:
429:
425:
415:
406:
397:
395:
394:
387:
384:
379:
376:
372:
366:
364:
363:
358:
348:
344:
342:
338:
333:
331:
327:
322:
320:
316:
302:
296:Fuel circuits
293:
291:
287:
283:
278:
276:
272:
267:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
243:
241:
237:
233:
229:
221:
216:
206:
203:
195:
185:
181:
175:
174:
169:This section
167:
163:
158:
157:
149:
147:
143:
139:
135:
130:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
98:
96:
92:
91:small engines
88:
83:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
56:
49:
47:
41:
37:
33:
26:
22:
2491:Carburettors
2356:Electric fan
2156:Coil-on-plug
2107:
2082:Turbocharger
2077:Supercharger
1949:Main bearing
1939:Firing order
1929:Displacement
1875:Block heater
1859:Engine block
1847:Part of the
1846:
1793:. Retrieved
1784:
1759:. Retrieved
1755:the original
1750:
1740:
1729:. Retrieved
1714:
1707:
1696:. Retrieved
1692:
1683:
1672:. Retrieved
1665:the original
1660:
1648:
1634:
1622:. Retrieved
1618:the original
1613:
1604:
1588:. Springer.
1584:
1577:
1566:, retrieved
1551:
1544:
1532:. Retrieved
1527:
1518:
1498:
1491:
1481:
1475:
1463:. Retrieved
1448:
1442:
1430:. Retrieved
1426:
1423:"Carbueetoe"
1417:
1405:. Retrieved
1401:
1392:
1380:. Retrieved
1376:
1367:
1355:. Retrieved
1352:www.asme.org
1351:
1342:
1330:. Retrieved
1325:
1316:
1304:. Retrieved
1300:
1291:
1272:
1266:
1246:
1239:
1227:. Retrieved
1221:
1214:
1195:
1189:
1177:. Retrieved
1172:
1162:
1150:. Retrieved
1145:
1136:
1124:. Retrieved
1118:
1111:
1092:
1085:
1073:. Retrieved
1068:
1059:
1047:. Retrieved
1043:
1030:
1018:. Retrieved
1014:
1011:"carburetor"
1005:
993:. Retrieved
989:
979:
968:. Retrieved
966:. 2018-11-05
963:
954:
942:. Retrieved
937:
934:"carburetor"
913:. Retrieved
908:
884:. Retrieved
879:
816:
813:
809:
800:
779:
771:
760:
752:János Csonka
745:
735:
728:
725:
697:Samuel Morey
694:
685:
678:
674:
584:
562:needle valve
554:
545:
533:
529:supercharger
525:
518:
485:
473:
456:
444:
432:
421:
412:
403:
400:Idle circuit
390:
388:
380:
367:
360:
354:
345:
334:
323:
318:
312:
289:
285:
281:
279:
263:
254:
244:
225:
198:
192:October 2022
189:
178:Please help
173:verification
170:
145:
141:
131:
115:hydrocarbons
106:
104:
84:
80:Venturi tube
71:
67:
63:
61:
44:
36:
2380:Lubrication
2344:Air cooling
2161:Distributor
2113:Fuel filter
2091:Fuel system
2072:Intercooler
2039:Timing belt
2029:Head gasket
1959:Piston ring
1229:19 November
1179:19 November
1126:19 November
804:latent heat
756:Donát Bánki
717:four-stroke
494:Fuel supply
418:Power valve
362:choke valve
357:cold starts
228:air cleaner
72:carburetter
68:carburettor
25:Carbonation
21:Carburizing
2480:Categories
2432:Power band
2392:Oil filter
2366:Thermostat
2311:EGT sensor
2273:MAF sensor
2268:MAP sensor
2253:Air filter
2217:Alternator
2176:Spark plug
2108:Carburetor
2034:Rocker arm
1974:Valvetrain
1905:Crankshaft
1849:Automobile
1761:19 January
1751:Nascar.com
1731:2016-05-09
1698:2016-05-09
1674:2016-05-09
1624:19 January
1534:2 November
1465:19 January
1427:Google.com
1407:22 October
1382:22 October
1357:22 October
1332:22 October
1306:22 October
1152:28 October
1146:MotorTrend
1075:22 October
1049:22 October
1020:22 October
995:13 January
970:2022-02-03
944:23 January
915:23 January
886:23 January
859:References
838:Humidifier
701:turpentine
681:V8 engines
629:to be used
600:vaporizers
536:vapor lock
488:cold start
391:fast idle
375:thermostat
290:side draft
64:carburetor
50:carburetor
2166:Glow plug
2128:Fuel tank
2123:Fuel pump
1890:Crankcase
1432:8 October
767:Rochester
723:in 1885.
579:vaporizer
558:diaphragm
521:fuel pump
481:diaphragm
371:dashboard
319:main jets
286:downdraft
101:Etymology
32:fuel pump
2465:Category
2410:Dry sump
2406:Wet sump
2397:Oil pump
2361:Radiator
2278:Throttle
2138:Ignition
2009:Camshaft
1934:Flywheel
1915:Cylinder
1900:Crankpin
1795:11 April
1568:July 27,
990:Jalopnik
822:See also
719:powered
604:kerosene
326:throttle
220:Evinrude
107:carburet
2437:Redline
2321:Muffler
2222:Battery
2146:Magneto
1326:HotCars
691:History
659:Colombo
656:Ferrari
598:Heated
315:venturi
282:updraft
266:venturi
129:(LPG).
127:AutoGas
2460:Portal
2248:Airbox
2227:Dynamo
1954:Piston
1944:Stroke
1923:layout
1851:series
1722:
1592:
1559:
1530:. 2011
1506:
1485:, 1913
1456:
1279:
1254:
1202:
1100:
739:. The
709:petrol
687:V12s.
610:or in
477:piston
464:Carter
249:: the
123:petrol
119:intake
111:carbon
46:Holley
2420:Other
2044:Valve
2014:Chest
1789:(PDF)
1668:(PDF)
1657:(PDF)
654:on a
433:In a
422:In a
383:flood
351:Choke
218:1979
146:Carby
2402:Sump
1919:bank
1880:Bore
1797:2022
1763:2014
1720:ISBN
1626:2014
1590:ISBN
1570:2014
1557:ISBN
1536:2020
1504:ISBN
1467:2014
1454:ISBN
1434:2017
1409:2022
1384:2022
1359:2022
1334:2022
1308:2022
1277:ISBN
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1231:2022
1200:ISBN
1181:2022
1154:2022
1128:2022
1098:ISBN
1077:2022
1051:2022
1022:2022
997:2024
946:2023
917:2023
888:2023
754:and
339:and
337:idle
142:carb
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2387:Oil
1976:and
1861:and
782:EEC
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