526:
variable length. Straight high-speed runners can receive plugs, which contain small long runner extensions. The plenum of a 6- or 8-cylinder engine can be parted into halves, with the even firing cylinders in one half and the odd firing cylinders in the other part. Both sub-plenums and the air intake are connected to an Y (sort of main plenum). The air oscillates between both sub-plenums, with a large pressure oscillation there, but a constant pressure at the main plenum. Each runner from a sub plenum to the main plenum can be changed in length. For V engines this can be implemented by parting a single large plenum at high engine speed by means of sliding valves into it when speed is reduced.
122:
130:
451:
exhaust manifold design, as well as the exhaust valve opening time can be so calibrated as to achieve greater evacuation of the cylinder. The exhaust manifolds achieve a vacuum in the cylinder just before the piston reaches top dead center. The opening inlet valve can then—at typical compression ratios—fill 10% of the cylinder before beginning downward travel. Instead of achieving higher pressure in the cylinder, the inlet valve can stay open after the piston reaches bottom dead center while the air still flows in.
502:
467:, originally designed for carburetor V8 engines, the two plane, the split plenum intake manifold separates the intake pulses which the manifold experiences by 180 degrees in the firing order. This minimizes interference of one cylinder's pressure waves with those of another, giving better torque from smooth mid-range flow. Such manifolds may have been originally designed for either two- or four-barrel carburetors, but now are used with both throttle-body and
399:
332:
25:
432:
air in the manifold. Due to the air's inertia, the equalization will tend to oscillate: At first the air in the runner will be at a lower pressure than the manifold. The air in the manifold then tries to equalize back into the runner, and the oscillation repeats. This process occurs at the speed of sound, and in most manifolds travels up and down the runner many times before the valve opens again.
443:
static and dependent on the length of the intake runner and the speed of sound. The traditional solution has been to tune the length of the intake runner for a specific engine speed where maximum performance is desired. However, modern technology has given rise to a number of solutions involving electronically controlled valve timing (for example
459:
to be reduced. In an engine with at least six cylinders the averaged intake flow is nearly constant and the plenum volume can be smaller. To avoid standing waves within the plenum it is made as compact as possible. The intake runners each use a smaller part of the plenum surface than the inlet, which
454:
In some engines the intake runners are straight for minimal resistance. In most engines, however, the runners have curves, some very convoluted to achieve desired runner length. These turns allow for a more compact manifold, with denser packaging of the whole engine, as a result. Also, these "snaked"
442:
To harness the full power of the
Helmholtz resonance effect, the opening of the intake valve must be timed correctly, otherwise the pulse could have a negative effect. This poses a very difficult problem for engines, since valve timing is dynamic and based on engine speed, whereas the pulse timing is
302:
spray fuel droplets into the air in the manifold. Due to electrostatic forces and condensation from the boundary layer, some of the fuel will form into pools along the walls of the manifold, and due to surface tension of the fuel, small droplets may combine into larger droplets in the airstream. Both
209:
distribute the combustion mixture (or just air in a direct injection engine) to each intake port in the cylinder head(s). Even distribution is important to optimize the efficiency and performance of the engine. It may also serve as a mount for the carburetor, throttle body, fuel injectors and other
577:
due to
Helmholtz resonance. However, this effect occurs only over a narrow engine speed range which is directly influenced by intake length. A variable intake can create two or more pressurized "hot spots." When the intake air speed is higher, the dynamic pressure pushing the air (and/or mixture)
450:
As a result of "resonance tuning", some naturally aspirated intake systems operate at a volumetric efficiency above 100%: the air pressure in the combustion chamber before the compression stroke is greater than the atmospheric pressure. In combination with this intake manifold design feature, the
431:
property of air. Air flows at considerable speed through the open valve. When the valve closes, the air that has not yet entered the valve still has a lot of momentum and compresses against the valve, creating a pocket of high pressure. This high-pressure air begins to equalize with lower-pressure
439:. When the piston accelerates downwards, the pressure at the output of the intake runner is reduced. This low pressure pulse runs to the input end, where it is converted into an over-pressure pulse. This pulse travels back through the runner and rams air through the valve. The valve then closes.
525:
manifold technology. Four common implementations exist. First, two discrete intake runners with different length are employed, and a butterfly valve can close the short path. Second the intake runners can be bent around a common plenum, and a sliding valve separates them from the plenum with a
482:
manifolds with 'wet runners' for carbureted engines used exhaust gas diversion through the intake manifold to provide vaporizing heat. The amount of exhaust gas flow diversion was controlled by a heat riser valve in the exhaust manifold, and employed a
419:
of an engine. Abrupt contour changes provoke pressure drops, resulting in less air (and/or fuel) entering the combustion chamber; high-performance manifolds have smooth contours and gradual transitions between adjacent segments.
555:, the speed of the airflow is increased by directing the air through a path with limited capacity (cross-sectional area). The larger path opens when the load increases so that a greater amount of air can enter the chamber. In
406:
engine (top) to a custom-built one used in competition (bottom). In the custom-built manifold, the runners to the intake ports on the cylinder head are much wider and more gently tapered. This difference improves the
460:
supplies air to the plenum, for aerodynamic reasons. Each runner is placed to have nearly the same distance to the main inlet. Runners whose cylinders fire close after each other, are not placed as neighbors.
427:, individual tubes extending to each intake port on the cylinder head which emanate from a central volume or "plenum" beneath the carburetor. The purpose of the runner is to take advantage of the
578:
inside the engine is increased. The dynamic pressure is proportional to the square of the inlet air speed, so by making the passage narrower or longer the speed/dynamic pressure is increased.
318:
Only a certain degree of turbulence is useful in the intake. Once the fuel is sufficiently atomized, additional turbulence causes unneeded pressure drops and a drop in engine performance.
435:
The smaller the cross-sectional area of the runner, the higher the pressure changes on resonance for a given airflow. This aspect of
Helmholtz resonance reproduces one result of the
315:
by enlarging the flame front. To achieve this turbulence it is a common practice to leave the surfaces of the intake and intake ports in the cylinder head rough and unpolished.
1195:
1747:
403:
1188:
1740:
690:
sport either the Intake
Manifold Runner Control (IMRC) for 4V engines, or the Charge Motion Control Valve (CMCV) for 3V engines.
2315:
1181:
712:
89:
1006:
990:
61:
1733:
697:
engine in the Ford Escort and
Mercury Tracer feature an Intake Manifold Runner Control variable geometry intake manifold.
487:
which changed tension according to the heat in the manifold. Today's fuel-injected engines do not require such devices.
2254:
582:
Many automobile manufacturers use similar technology with different names. Another common term for this technology is
68:
1306:
1047:
379:
108:
361:
496:
353:
42:
75:
1932:
1108:
357:
46:
2171:
2229:
278:
or cast iron, but use of composite plastic materials is gaining popularity (e.g. most
Chrysler 4-cylinders,
1813:
1399:
1326:
268:
57:
1222:
307:. Turbulence in the intake helps to break up fuel droplets, improving the degree of atomization. Better
2404:
1756:
934:
522:
468:
237:
158:
2365:
2279:
2244:
2224:
2176:
2084:
2360:
2201:
1910:
1476:
1316:
1014:
994:
677:
342:
1128:
2135:
346:
35:
948:
475:
which converts to a single plane manifold around 3500 rpm for greater peak flow and horsepower.
121:
1957:
1471:
1426:
1336:
1269:
892:
864:
708:
655:
552:
175:
2074:
1915:
1461:
1456:
1436:
1361:
1321:
1311:
1264:
1259:
1165:
1098:
758:
639:
455:
runners are needed for some variable length/ split runner designs, and allow the size of the
416:
408:
393:
133:
A cutaway view of the intake of the original
Fordson tractor (including the intake manifold,
82:
2069:
1841:
1466:
1446:
1441:
1431:
1409:
1351:
1242:
1237:
1204:
1173:
1079:
808:
704:
229:
8:
2409:
2219:
2117:
1847:
1700:
1524:
1451:
1346:
1296:
832:
782:
687:
428:
2140:
1937:
1519:
1389:
1384:
1341:
1279:
1103:
1038:
1034:
1010:
644:
635:
529:
As the name implies, VLIM can vary the length of the intake tract in order to optimize
202:
from multiple cylinders into a smaller number of pipes – often down to one pipe.
1942:
1882:
1833:
1509:
1394:
1379:
1356:
929:
694:
556:
506:
279:
170:
129:
2234:
2191:
2150:
2099:
2064:
1985:
1972:
1499:
1494:
484:
283:
253:
195:
154:
1086:
vehicles. Longer inlet ducts used between 1500 and 4100 rpm at 80% load or higher.
134:
2345:
2056:
1905:
1862:
1514:
1504:
1418:
1371:
1274:
924:
888:
884:
538:
530:
312:
308:
249:
233:
602:: 2.8-liter V6 gas engine (1991–98); 3.6- and 4.2-liter V8 engines, 1987–present
263:
This vacuum can also be used to draw any piston blow-by gases from the engine's
2211:
2036:
1803:
1284:
1000:
968:
828:
820:
812:
700:
472:
436:
304:
299:
245:
218:
1669:
1664:
1639:
1634:
2398:
2383:
2274:
2267:
2089:
2021:
2016:
1980:
1897:
1837:
1798:
1788:
1725:
1695:
1685:
1542:
1331:
1249:
1208:
838:
753:
741:
570:
221:
628:: 2.0 A588 – ECH (2001–2005) used in the 2001–2005 model year Dodge Neon R/T
563:
so the shorter path can be excluded by deactivating the intake valve itself.
2000:
1995:
1962:
1867:
1857:
1793:
1777:
1227:
1152:
manifold, (adv.) "in the proportion of many to one, by many times". AD1526
1042:
963:
939:
778:
745:
659:
574:
573:
intake path can have a light pressurizing effect similar to a low-pressure
560:
456:
415:
The design and orientation of the intake manifold is a major factor in the
257:
2378:
2262:
2079:
2031:
1990:
1947:
1877:
1486:
1291:
1232:
953:
943:
920:
916:
912:
772:
681:
444:
199:
501:
2350:
2310:
2289:
2284:
2186:
2094:
2026:
1952:
1892:
1823:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1574:
1562:
1301:
1254:
1054:
856:
816:
762:
605:
295:
138:
827:
engines. An updated version of this technology is employed on the new
398:
217:
and the restriction caused by the throttle valve, in a reciprocating
2305:
2046:
2041:
1828:
1808:
1644:
1581:
1569:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1083:
1062:
976:
972:
847:
749:
718:
275:
264:
331:
24:
2328:
2324:
2196:
1927:
1852:
1818:
1710:
1705:
1690:
1626:
1534:
984:
980:
843:
732:
722:
303:
actions are undesirable because they create inconsistencies in the
2355:
2239:
1003:
1992–1997 EG33 3.3-liter naturally aspirated DOHC 24-valve flat-6
959:
904:
898:
673:
631:
311:
allows for a more complete burn of all the fuel and helps reduce
2166:
2145:
1922:
1872:
1020:
870:
787:
728:
534:
225:
214:
559:(DOHC) designs, the air paths are often connected to separate
1067:
1025:
850:
796:
768:
737:
625:
241:
1203:
274:
The intake manifold has historically been manufactured from
2320:
876:
599:
271:, in which the gases are burned with the fuel/air mixture.
162:
191:) and refers to the multiplying of one (pipe) into many.
1767:
1058:
819:, and VRIS (variable resistance induction system) in the
611:
166:
544:
There are two main effects of variable intake geometry:
509:, showing components of a variable length intake system.
1017:
EJ20 2.0-liter naturally aspirated DOHC 16-valve flat-4
997:
EJ20 2.0-liter naturally aspirated DOHC 16-valve flat-4
824:
402:
Comparison of a stock intake manifold for a
Volkswagen
775:, used in the second generation V6, 3.2L (6VD1) Rodeos
654:): on their 2.9-liter 24V Cosworth (BOB) based on the
891:
straight-4 engines; a similar technology is used in
676:
2.5- and 3.0-liter V6s and it was also found on the
236:can be substantial, and can be used as a source of
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
490:
205:The primary function of the intake manifold is to
2396:
1755:
1129:"What Is an Intake Manifold? • STATE OF SPEED"
1741:
1189:
715:V6 in some second generation S10s and Sonomas
505:Lower intake manifold on a 1999 Mazda Miata
447:), and dynamic intake geometry (see below).
360:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
240:to drive auxiliary systems: power assisted
1748:
1734:
1196:
1182:
608:: 2.0 TwinSpark 16v - 155 ps(114 kW)
380:Learn how and when to remove this message
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1814:Crankcase ventilation system (PCV valve)
1159:
500:
397:
321:
128:
120:
594:Vehicles using variable intake geometry
423:Modern intake manifolds usually employ
2397:
232:) exists in the intake manifold. This
1729:
1177:
1033:) used in the early versions of the
831:, which is also used by Ford as the
358:adding citations to reliable sources
325:
213:Due to the downward movement of the
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1051:(acoustic control induction system)
584:variable resonance induction system
282:2.0, Duratec 2.0 and 2.3, and GM's
13:
471:. An example of the latter is the
260:, ventilation system valves, etc.
125:Carburetors used as intake runners
14:
2421:
1166:Volvoclub UK: 850GLT Engine Info
1031:Toyota Variable Induction System
805:variable inertia charging system
652:Variable-resonance Intake System
411:of the engine's fuel/air intake.
330:
179:comes from the Old English word
23:
1916:Overhead valve (pushrod) layout
1080:Volvo B5254S and B5204S engines
1076:Volvo variable induction system
515:variable-length intake manifold
497:Variable-length intake manifold
491:Variable-length intake manifold
34:needs additional citations for
1146:
1121:
1109:Fusible core injection molding
901:: 2.2 L I4, 3.0 L V6
267:. This is known as a positive
1:
1114:
289:
537:, as well as provide better
269:crankcase ventilation system
244:, emission control devices,
7:
1092:
465:180-degree intake manifolds
10:
2426:
1757:Internal combustion engine
523:internal combustion engine
494:
469:multi-point fuel injection
391:
238:automobile ancillary power
210:components of the engine.
159:internal combustion engine
2374:
2338:
2298:
2253:
2225:Diesel particulate filter
2210:
2177:Idle air control actuator
2159:
2126:
2118:Engine control unit (ECU)
2108:
2055:
2009:
1971:
1891:
1776:
1763:
1678:
1625:
1533:
1485:
1417:
1408:
1370:
1215:
1154:Oxford English Dictionary
2290:Viscous fan (fan clutch)
2202:Throttle position sensor
1911:Overhead camshaft layout
1829:Core plug (freeze plug)
863:is used on the 2.0L I4
688:Ford Modular V8 engines
1337:Single-acting cylinder
1270:Double-acting cylinder
656:Ford Cologne V6 engine
510:
412:
183:(from the Anglo-Saxon
142:
126:
1205:Engine configurations
1099:Cylinder head porting
883:– modern versions of
504:
417:volumetric efficiency
409:volumetric efficiency
401:
394:Cylinder head porting
322:Volumetric efficiency
132:
124:
16:Automotive technology
2070:Compression ignition
1307:Oscillating cylinder
809:Mazda FE-DOHC engine
721:: DOHC versions of
354:improve this section
230:atmospheric pressure
157:) is the part of an
43:improve this article
2220:Catalytic converter
1400:Two-and four-stroke
1302:Intake over exhaust
658:in the later model
429:Helmholtz resonance
2346:Knocking / pinging
1938:Combustion chamber
1104:List of auto parts
935:Campro CPS and VIM
511:
485:bi-metallic spring
413:
161:that supplies the
143:
127:
2405:Engine technology
2392:
2391:
2361:Stratified charge
2128:Electrical system
2110:Engine management
1943:Compression ratio
1883:Starter ring gear
1782:rotating assembly
1723:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1419:Inline / straight
1317:Overhead camshaft
1057:: 1.6 L I4,
893:3.2 L 54° V6
807:) is used on the
711:V6, and the 4.3L
670:dual-stage intake
557:dual overhead cam
390:
389:
382:
254:windshield wipers
141:, and fuel lines)
119:
118:
111:
93:
2417:
2235:Exhaust manifold
2100:Spark plug wires
1986:Boost controller
1973:Forced induction
1750:
1743:
1736:
1727:
1726:
1415:
1414:
1410:Cylinder layouts
1198:
1191:
1184:
1175:
1174:
1168:
1163:
1157:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1125:
1082:as found on the
940:Proton Gen-2 CPS
853:160, 180 and 190
385:
378:
374:
371:
365:
334:
326:
196:exhaust manifold
194:In contrast, an
155:American English
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
58:"Inlet manifold"
51:
27:
19:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2370:
2366:Top dead centre
2334:
2294:
2249:
2206:
2155:
2129:
2122:
2111:
2104:
2051:
2005:
1967:
1923:Tappet / lifter
1906:Flathead layout
1896:
1887:
1781:
1772:
1759:
1754:
1724:
1715:
1674:
1621:
1529:
1481:
1404:
1366:
1211:
1202:
1172:
1171:
1164:
1160:
1151:
1147:
1138:
1136:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1095:
1090:
1089:
944:Proton Waja CPS
889:Ecotec Family 0
885:Ecotec Family 1
879:(or Vauxhall):
695:2.0L Split Port
595:
539:fuel efficiency
499:
493:
396:
386:
375:
369:
366:
351:
335:
324:
292:
234:manifold vacuum
169:mixture to the
151:intake manifold
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2423:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2255:Cooling system
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2216:
2214:
2212:Exhaust system
2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2182:Inlet manifold
2179:
2174:
2169:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2061:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2037:Fuel injection
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1900:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1804:Connecting rod
1801:
1796:
1791:
1785:
1783:
1774:
1773:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1753:
1752:
1745:
1738:
1730:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1631:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1539:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1491:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1423:
1421:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1376:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1322:Overhead valve
1319:
1314:
1312:Opposed-piston
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1230:
1225:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1209:piston engines
1201:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1178:
1170:
1169:
1158:
1145:
1133:STATE OF SPEED
1119:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1065:
1052:
1018:
1011:Subaru Impreza
1004:
998:
988:
966:
957:
927:
902:
896:
874:
868:
867:engine family.
854:
841:
836:
829:Mazda Z engine
821:Mazda K engine
813:Mazda B engine
794:
785:
776:
766:
756:
735:
726:
716:
701:General Motors
698:
691:
684:
662:
642:
629:
623:
609:
603:
596:
593:
592:
580:
579:
567:Pressurization
564:
549:Venturi effect
495:Main article:
492:
489:
473:Honda J engine
437:Venturi effect
388:
387:
338:
336:
329:
323:
320:
305:air-fuel ratio
300:fuel injectors
291:
288:
246:cruise control
219:spark ignition
147:inlet manifold
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2422:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2268:Water cooling
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2246:
2245:Oxygen sensor
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2160:Intake system
2158:
2152:
2151:Starter motor
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2125:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2090:Ignition coil
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2022:Petrol engine
2020:
2018:
2017:Diesel engine
2015:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1981:Blowoff valve
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1898:Cylinder head
1894:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1789:Balance shaft
1787:
1786:
1784:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1769:
1762:
1758:
1751:
1746:
1744:
1739:
1737:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1372:Stroke cycles
1369:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1199:
1194:
1192:
1187:
1185:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1167:
1162:
1155:
1149:
1134:
1130:
1124:
1120:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1045:engines, and
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1007:Subaru Legacy
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
992:
991:Subaru Legacy
989:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
967:
965:
961:
958:
955:
951:
950:
945:
941:
937:
936:
931:
928:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
862:
858:
855:
852:
849:
845:
842:
840:
839:Mercedes-Benz
837:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
795:
793:
789:
786:
784:
780:
777:
774:
770:
767:
764:
760:
757:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
736:
734:
730:
727:
724:
720:
717:
714:
710:
706:
702:
699:
696:
692:
689:
685:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
661:
657:
653:
649:
646:
643:
641:
640:550 Maranello
637:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
617:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
597:
591:
589:
585:
576:
572:
568:
565:
562:
561:intake valves
558:
554:
550:
547:
546:
545:
542:
540:
536:
532:
527:
524:
520:
516:
508:
503:
498:
488:
486:
481:
476:
474:
470:
466:
461:
458:
452:
448:
446:
440:
438:
433:
430:
426:
421:
418:
410:
405:
400:
395:
384:
381:
373:
363:
359:
355:
349:
348:
344:
339:This section
337:
333:
328:
327:
319:
316:
314:
310:
306:
301:
297:
287:
285:
281:
277:
272:
270:
266:
261:
259:
258:power windows
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
222:piston engine
220:
216:
211:
208:
203:
201:
200:exhaust gases
198:collects the
197:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
177:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
140:
136:
131:
123:
113:
110:
102:
99:February 2019
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2275:Electric fan
2181:
2075:Coil-on-plug
2001:Turbocharger
1996:Supercharger
1868:Main bearing
1858:Firing order
1848:Displacement
1794:Block heater
1778:Engine block
1766:Part of the
1765:
1701:Split-single
1487:Flat / boxer
1347:Swing-piston
1161:
1153:
1148:
1137:. Retrieved
1135:. 2018-11-10
1132:
1123:
1075:
1071:
1046:
1030:
1024:
947:
933:
908:
880:
873:: I4, V6, V8
860:
804:
800:
791:
672:): on their
669:
665:
660:Ford Scorpio
651:
647:
619:
615:
587:
583:
581:
575:supercharger
566:
548:
543:
528:
518:
514:
512:
479:
477:
464:
462:
453:
449:
441:
434:
424:
422:
414:
376:
367:
352:Please help
340:
317:
313:engine knock
293:
273:
262:
228:(lower than
224:, a partial
212:
206:
204:
193:
188:
184:
180:
174:
173:. The word
150:
146:
144:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2299:Lubrication
2263:Air cooling
2080:Distributor
2032:Fuel filter
2010:Fuel system
1991:Intercooler
1958:Timing belt
1948:Head gasket
1878:Piston ring
1390:Five-stroke
1385:Four-stroke
1342:Split cycle
1280:Free-piston
1223:Atmospheric
954:Proton Saga
949:Campro IAFM
817:straight-4s
773:Isuzu Rodeo
445:Valvetronic
309:atomization
2410:Auto parts
2399:Categories
2351:Power band
2311:Oil filter
2285:Thermostat
2230:EGT sensor
2192:MAF sensor
2187:MAP sensor
2172:Air filter
2136:Alternator
2095:Spark plug
2027:Carburetor
1953:Rocker arm
1893:Valvetrain
1824:Crankshaft
1768:Automobile
1395:Six-stroke
1380:Two-stroke
1297:Heron head
1255:Cam engine
1139:2022-02-03
1115:References
1055:Volkswagen
1013:1999–2001
1001:Subaru SVX
993:1989–1994
964:Clio 2.0RS
857:Mitsubishi
823:family of
815:family of
693:Ford: The
686:Ford: The
682:Taurus SHO
680:V6 in the
636:360 Modena
606:Alfa Romeo
480:heat riser
392:See also:
296:carburetor
290:Turbulence
280:Ford Zetec
181:manigfeald
139:carburetor
69:newspapers
2085:Glow plug
2047:Fuel tank
2042:Fuel pump
1809:Crankcase
1084:Volvo 850
977:Rover 825
973:Rover 623
946:; Proton
848:MG ZS 180
719:GM Daewoo
707:V6, 3.2L
551:: At low
370:July 2008
341:does not
286:series).
276:aluminium
265:crankcase
252:advance,
171:cylinders
135:vaporizer
2384:Category
2329:Dry sump
2325:Wet sump
2316:Oil pump
2280:Radiator
2197:Throttle
2057:Ignition
1928:Camshaft
1853:Flywheel
1834:Cylinder
1819:Crankpin
1327:Pentroof
1275:Flathead
1265:Compound
1243:Rotative
1093:See also
985:Rover 45
981:Rover 75
909:VarioRam
881:TwinPort
733:Alloytec
723:E-TEC II
521:) is an
250:ignition
176:manifold
2356:Redline
2240:Muffler
2141:Battery
2065:Magneto
1535:V / Vee
1352:Uniflow
1285:Stelzer
1260:Camless
1238:Cornish
960:Renault
952:– 2008
925:Boxster
905:Porsche
899:Peugeot
861:Cyclone
833:Duratec
759:Hyundai
754:Prelude
742:Integra
725:engines
705:LZ8/LZ9
703:: 3.9L
674:Duratec
632:Ferrari
622:systems
425:runners
362:removed
347:sources
298:or the
215:pistons
83:scholar
2379:Portal
2167:Airbox
2146:Dynamo
1873:Piston
1863:Stroke
1842:layout
1770:series
1696:Radial
1686:Deltic
1332:Rotary
1250:Bourke
1041:, and
1021:Toyota
930:Proton
895:engine
871:Nissan
788:Lancia
779:Jaguar
746:Legend
729:Holden
678:Yamaha
664:Ford
535:torque
507:engine
478:Older
457:plenum
284:Ecotec
242:brakes
226:vacuum
207:evenly
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2339:Other
1963:Valve
1933:Chest
1679:Other
1362:Wedge
1228:Axial
1068:Volvo
1043:4A-GE
1039:7M-GE
1035:3S-GE
1026:T-VIS
983:v6,
969:Rover
851:MG ZT
797:Mazda
783:AJ-V6
769:Isuzu
738:Honda
626:Dodge
571:tuned
531:power
189:feald
185:manig
90:JSTOR
76:books
2321:Sump
1838:bank
1799:Bore
1357:Watt
1292:Hemi
1233:Beam
1216:Type
1207:for
1078:) –
1072:VVIS
1048:ACIS
1009:and
942:and
887:and
877:Opel
865:4G63
811:and
801:VICS
645:Ford
620:DIVA
618:and
616:DISA
600:Audi
588:VRIS
569:: A
533:and
519:VLIM
404:1.8T
345:any
343:cite
294:The
187:and
163:fuel
153:(in
62:news
2306:Oil
1895:and
1780:and
1670:W30
1665:W24
1660:W18
1655:W16
1650:W12
1617:V24
1612:V20
1607:V18
1602:V16
1597:V14
1592:V12
1587:V10
1575:VR6
1563:VR5
1525:F16
1520:F12
1515:F10
1477:I14
1472:I12
1059:VR6
1029:– (
1015:JDM
995:JDM
956:1.3
921:996
917:993
913:964
799::
792:VIS
750:NSX
713:LF4
709:LA3
666:DSI
648:VIS
614::
612:BMW
590:).
553:rpm
463:In
356:by
167:air
149:or
145:An
45:by
2401::
2327:,
1840:,
1645:W8
1640:W6
1635:W3
1582:V8
1570:V6
1558:V5
1553:V4
1548:V3
1543:V2
1510:F8
1505:F6
1500:F4
1495:F2
1467:I9
1462:I8
1457:I7
1452:I6
1447:I5
1442:I4
1437:I3
1432:I2
1427:I1
1131:.
1070::
1063:W8
1061:,
1037:,
1023::
987:v6
979:,
975:,
971::
962::
938:–
932::
923:,
919:,
915:,
911:–
907::
859::
846::
844:MG
825:V6
790::
781::
771::
765:V6
763:XG
761::
752:,
748:,
744:,
740::
731::
638:,
634::
541:.
513:A
256:,
248:,
137:,
2331:)
2323:(
1844:)
1836:(
1749:e
1742:t
1735:v
1711:X
1706:U
1691:H
1627:W
1197:e
1190:t
1183:v
1156:,
1142:.
1074:(
835:.
803:(
668:(
650:(
586:(
517:(
383:)
377:(
372:)
368:(
364:.
350:.
165:/
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
