475:– Field-crossbows are designed to specifications laid-down by the International Crossbow-shooting Union (IAU). These rules limit the power, weight and physical dimensions of equipment for use in archery-style competition. Other restrictions include the use of mechanical triggers and open sights only. The bowstring has to be drawn by hand without the use of mechanical assistance. The materials used in construction include laminated hardwoods, aluminium alloy and composites. The prod, or bow, is usually made from laminated carbon-fibre or glass-fibre which is fitted with a bowstring made from synthetic fibres. The maximum permitted draw weight is 43 kg (95 lb) at a maximum power stroke of 30 cm (12 in). Shooting a 20 grams (310 grains) bolt this set up will generate an initial velocity of around 67 m/s (240 km/h; 150 mph). Field crossbow bolts are made from tubular aluminium or carbon-fibre archery shaft materials.
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marker flag. Traditional clout archery, up to
Elizabethan times, was shot at 'twelve score', 240 yards (220 m). The flag is 12 inches (30 cm) square and is fixed to a stick. The flag should be as near to the ground as is practicable. Archers shoot 'ends' of six arrows then, when given the signal to do so, archers proceed to the target area. A Clout round usually consists of 36 arrows. Clout tournaments are usually a 'Double Clout' round (36 arrows shot twice). They can be shot in one direction (one way) or both directions (two way). All bow types may compete (longbows, recurve, barebow and compound).
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equipment. By following the detailed guidelines issued by the IAU's
Technical Committee it is possible to construct a field crossbow from locally available archery materials and target shooting accessories. The IAU's Field regulations call for the wearing of light-weight sports clothing, thereby eliminating the need for specialized (and costly) shooting clothing. Shooting takes place on open sports fields or in sports halls using portable archery target buttresses, once again avoiding the need for the expense of permanent shooting ranges (subject to IAU and local safety regulations being met).
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material is allowed for lower level of archers however higher level of archers who have officially recorded more than 30 hit out of 45 arrow need to use a bow and arrow made with traditional material such as sinew, horn and bamboo. In official event, it is only allowed to use a bow that is approved by Korean national archery association which is governing body of the rule set and most traditional archery range. There is limited amount of target in the range due to the clearance issue between target and space limitation therefore archers in line shoot in turn from the left.
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development of carbon arrows. Flight archery arrows are highly specialized. They are very short (Mahmoud
Effendi's was only 14 inches ), so that the point of the arrow is inside the arc of the fully drawn bow, requiring a support projecting back from the bow towards the archer to keep the arrow in position, or the use of a 'siper' (Turkish) on the bow hand/wrist on which to rest the arrow. Also, the shafts are 'barrelled', tapering towards both ends from the middle, to reduce both weight and air resistance.
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system is 20 for hitting the mark, 12 for within ~3 ft (0.91 m), 7 points for within the next ~6 ft (1.8 m) and 3 points for within the next ~9 ft (2.7 m). "Hoyles" are marks that are chosen at the time from the variety of debris, conspicuous weeds, and so on found in most outdoor areas. As the distances have to be estimated this is good practice for bowhunting, and it requires minimal equipment.
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the worlds of competition archery and the impalement arts is more marked than that between, for example, knife throwing as a sport and as an entertainment. While some competition knife throwers have also performed circus acts and there are official organisations that embrace both worlds, there is little or no evidence of such crossover in archery, with perhaps the sole exception of reenactment groups (e.g.
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Archery. 4-H is also offering archery as an activity for those under 18. Usually members have to have certain requirements for the bows they shoot (ex. use a
Genesis Bow, no sights, no mechanical release aids, etc.). Members of archery 4-H clubs and those who use archery as their project can compete in target archery and field archery competitions.
624:'flu-flu' fletchings (very large, wound round the shaft to quickly reduce speed and distance of flight) the object being to dislodge any one of a number of wooden 'birds'. These birds must be one Cock, four Hens, and a minimum of twenty-four Chicks. A Cock scores 5 points when hit and knocked off its perch; a Hen, 3; and a Chick, 1 point. A
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kneeling position but must keep the foot in contact with the ski. The shooting distance is 18 m (20 yards) and the targets 16 cm (6 inches) in diameter. In certain events, for every missed target, the athlete must ski one penalty loop. The loop is 150 m (160 yards) long. In summer or regions with little snow, the
European
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zone are withdrawn and, on completion of the full circle, are laid out on the rope on the corresponding colours. The designated scorer would then call out the archers' names and the archers would (in turn) call out their scores as they pick up their arrows. The scores must be called in descending order as with target archery.
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directly in the opposite direction (thus having opposite windage). One always shoots the same arrow, supposedly the best built, as it was difficult in medieval times to have constant arrow quality. The round black-and-white target mimics the size of a soldier: its diameter is shoulder-wide, the center is heart-sized.
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a light, however all may shoot at a heavy. Combat archery can be an interesting challenge for participants, as it involves shooting at moving targets, and can be used to re-create battles. In
Australia, it is more common for 'lights' to wear enough protection that they can shoot at each other as well.
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It is important to note the strict separation between archery practised as a competitive sport and archery as an impalement art. For example, organising bodies for competitive archery prohibit activity that involves deliberate shooting in the general direction of a human being. The separation between
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is practiced, where several archers divided into "lights" and "heavies", namely those wearing armour or not, shoot at each other with cushion-tipped arrows from low-powered longbows, with a maximum draw-weight of 30 lb (14 kg). The rules of combat archery dictate that no archer may shoot at
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is popular in
Belgium, and in Belgian Clubs internationally but little known elsewhere. Traditionally, archers stand within 12 feet (3.7 m) of the bottom of a 90 feet (27 m) mast and shoot almost vertically upwards with 'blunts' (arrows with rubber caps on the front instead of a point), and
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except a recurve bow is used in place of a gun. The athletes ski around a cross-country track and there are two stances in which the athlete must shoot the targets: kneeling and standing. During competition the skis may not be removed at any time. The athlete may unfasten the ski when shooting in the
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use life-size 2D animal targets with 'uneven' distances reminiscent of the hunter round. The rules and scoring are also significantly different. The archer begins at the first station of the target and shoot their first arrow. If it hits, they do not have to shoot again. If it misses, they advance to
813:(1938) starring Errol Flynn. He used a heavy hunting bow to hit small reinforced target areas on the chests of actors in motion. Hill also performed stunts such as shooting an apple held by a volunteer and shooting a stone as it was thrown in the air. Some of his stunts can be seen in the short film
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A 'rope' with a loop on the end is placed over the flag stick. This rope is divided into the scoring zones of the target: Gold (5 points), Red (4 points), Blue (3 points), Black (2 points) and White (1 point). The rope is 'walked' around the target area and arrows falling within a particular scoring
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In the past 10 years 3D archery has taken new light with a competitive edge. There is a whole new group of competitions that are no longer considered hunting practice. Competitions are held in many U.S. states with the totals from each state being added together to crown a single winner within each
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I amused myself by making blunt arrows, and it was fun for me to plug men away off who dared me and thought I could not hit them. One day John Davis, a young man at Loyal Valley, was off about one hundred and fifty yards. He dared me to shoot at him. He turned his back and tucked his head, and zip!
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teaming with
Mathews Archery. The program was formally launched in 2002 in 21 middle schools, with a stated goal of enrolling 120 schools within 3 years. This goal was reached within the program's first year, and interest from other states led to the state's name being replaced by "National". As of
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Crossbow archers shoot from the standing position and they must draw the bow string by hand without mechanical assistance. At outdoor competitions Bolts (arrows) are shot in "ends" (series) of three at multi-coloured 10-zone archery target faces. A time limit of three minutes is allowed per three
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Similar to target archery, except that the archer attempts to drop arrows at long range (180 yards or 160 metres for the men and 140 yards or 130 metres for women; there are shorter distances for juniors depending on age) into a group of concentric circular scoring zones on the ground surrounding a
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I was given a shield and placed off about fifty yards. Four braves took bows and blunt arrows and began to shoot at me… torrents of blunt sticks came at me and I was too slow. One passed just over the shield and struck me in the forehead. I saw stars – not those painted ones on my shield, but real
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Many sportsman's clubs and similar establishments throughout the US and other countries offer archery education programs for those 20 and younger. These programs are commonly referred to as Junior
Olympic Archery Development Programs, or simply JOAD. There are over 250 JOAD Clubs recognized by USA
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A relatively new program has developed in U.S. schools called the
National Archery in the Schools Program (NASP). In this students use Genesis bows (a compound-style bow without a let-off, made by a subsidiary of major bow manufacturer Mathews Archery). Students or teams who want to can also go to
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A Papingo is also hosted during the summer in Scotland by the Ancient Society of Kilwinning Archers. The archers shoot at a wooden bird suspended from the steeple of Kilwinning Abbey. Here only one bird is the target, and the archers take it in turn to shoot with a longbow until the "bird" is shot
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Archers often enjoy adding variety to their sport by shooting under unusual conditions or by imposing other special restrictions or rules on the event. These competitions are often less formalized and are more or less considered as games. Some forms include the broadhead round, bionic and running
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A traditional northern French and Belgian archery contest. Archers teams shoot alternately at two targets facing each other, 50 m (55 yards) away. A perpendicular array of wooden walls secures a path parallel to the shooting range. After each round, the archers take their own arrow and shoot
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Targets are marked with 10 evenly spaced concentric rings, which have score values from 1 through 10 assigned to them. In addition, there is an inner 10 ring, sometimes called the X ring. This becomes the 10 ring at indoor compound competitions. Outdoors, it serves as a tiebreaker with the archer
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A traditional English archery contest. Archers take turns shooting at a vertical strip of wood, the wand, usually about six feet (1.8 m) high and three to six inches (7.6 to 15.2 cm) wide. Points are awarded for hitting the strip. As the target is a long vertical strip this competition
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Modern rules have flight archers shooting in various classes and weights. Generally they shoot six arrows at each "end" and then search for all of them. Only four ends are usual in one shoot (as per UK rules – in the US only one end is permitted). At the end of the shoot, archers stay by or mark
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The major 3D archery groups are the IBO (International Bowhunting Organization) and the ASA (American Shooters Association) are primarily based in Eastern United States. They each have different rules and scoring methods. They host a number of competitive shoots across the Eastern United States.
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Roving marks is the oldest form of competitive archery, as practiced by Henry VIII. The archers will shoot to a "mark" then shoot from that mark to another mark. A mark is a post or flag to be aimed at. As with clout a rope or ribbon is used to score the arrows. In the Finsbury Mark the scoring
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Flight archery relies on the finest in performance equipment, optimized for the single purpose of greater range, using various types of bows (some unusual such as foot bows). The search for better flight archery equipment has led to many developments in archery equipment in general, such as the
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astonished early modern Europeans, whose wooden longbows and heavy arrows had much shorter maximum ranges; in 1795 Mahmoud Effendi, a secretary at the Turkish Embassy in London, made a shot of 482 yards (441 m) on Finsbury Fields, and reportedly apologised for an indifferent performance by
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Korean traditional archery with modernized rule set from 1928. Archers shoot 5 arrow for each 'Soon' and each contest is usually consist of 9 Soon. The target is 2m wide, 2.667m high, 145m away from shooting line. The score is counted if the arrow hits any part of the target. A bow with modern
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was first adopted by the IAU during their General Assembly at FrĂĽtigen, Switzerland in 1977. Since then the sport has become the most popular, in terms of worldwide activity, of the IAU's three target crossbow disciplines. A feature of this sport is that many crossbow archers make their own
754:. Sometimes these acts feature a performer acting as a human "target" (strictly speaking they are not the target as the objective of the archer is to narrowly miss them, however they are frequently referred to as human targets). Archery in this context is sometimes known as one of the "
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use 'uneven' distances up to 70 yards (64 m), and although scoring is identical to a field round, the target has an all-black face with a white bullseye. Children and youth positions for these two rounds are closer, no more than 30 and 50 yards (27 and 46 m), respectively.
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events. This sort of event usually combines education of the audience about aspects of archery (such as the bow, arrows, and practice drill), combined with a demonstration or competition of archery in the style most favored by the period on display, generally in period costume.
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division. Some competitors will travel thousands of miles (kilometers) a year to compete to try and claim the world title in 3D archery. This competitive style has been growing in many other countries and should continue with strong support for many years to come.
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station two and shoots a second arrow, then to station three for a third if needed. Scoring areas are vital (20, 16, or 12) and nonvital (18, 14, or 10) with points awarded depending on which arrow scored first. Again, children and youth shoot from reduced range.
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3D archery is a subset of field archery focusing on shooting at life-size models of game and is popular with hunters. It is most common to see unmarked distances in 3D archery, as the goal is to accurately recreate a hunting environment for competition.
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Australia, the British Virgin Islands, Mongolia, and New Zealand. In addition, while no coordinator is listed for South Africa, NASP states that the country's existing hunter education program, which has long been involved with schools, uses the NASP
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shots. After a sound signal from the official in charge of shooting, all competitors walk forward together to score and collect their bolts from the targets. This sequence is repeated until the completion of the competition 'round'.
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Different rounds and distances use different size target faces. These range from 40 cm (16 in) (18 m WA Indoor) to 122 cm (48 in) (70 m and 90 m WA, used in Olympic competition).
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of 3 or 6 arrows. After each end, the competitors walk to the target to score and retrieve their arrows. Archers have a set time limit in which to shoot their arrows. 3 arrows are shot in 2 minutes, and 6 in 4 minutes.
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Though the goal is hunting practice, hunting broadheads are not used, as they would tear up the foam targets too much. Normal target or field tips, of the same weight as the intended broadhead, are used instead.
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target shooting. The IAU supervises World, Continental and International crossbow shooting championships in 3 disciplines; 30 m (33 yd) Match-crossbow, 10 m (11 yd) Match-crossbow and
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are at 'even' distances up to 80 yards (73 m) (some of the shortest are measured in feet instead), using targets with a black bullseye (5 points), a white center (4) ring, and black outer (3) ring.
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One goal of field archery is to improve the technique required for bowhunting in a more realistic outdoor setting, but without introducing the complication and guesswork of unknown distances. As with
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Target archery competitions may be held indoors or outdoors. Indoor distances are 18 m (20 yards). Outdoor distances range from 25 to 90 m (27 to 98 yards). Competition is divided into
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However archery involving a person in the vicinity of the target is a particularly dangerous practice and, even with very experienced performers, there have been cases of very serious injury.
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scoring the most X's winning. Archers score each end by summing the scores for their arrows. Line breakers, an arrow just touching a scoring boundary line, will be awarded the higher score.
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my arrow took him right between the shoulders, and Mr. Davis plowed the sand with his nose. In a very few minutes there was a great blue spot where the arrow had struck.
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There are several classes in each organization that range from hunter all the way up to professional classes. Each class shoots at maximum yardages that vary by class.
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In flight archery, the aim is to shoot the greatest distance; accuracy or penetrating power are not relevant. It requires a large flat area such as an aerodrome; the
450:. IAU World Championships take place every two years with Continental Championships on intervening years. Other International and IAU-Cup events take place annually.
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boys were trained to protect themselves by giving them a shield and having several warriors shoot at them with blunt arrows, which can still do severe damage.
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For example, impalement arts contravene rules 101(b) and 102(a) of the UK Grand National Archery Society (GNAS) Rules of Shooting (see
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accuracy becomes more important. The wand shoot is, in some respects, similar to the traditional Cherokee game of cornstalk shooting.
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The following are not listed on the WA website but are competitions that have a long tradition in their respective countries.
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fiery flashes – it downed me… I was knocked down several times before I became an adept. All Indians were thus trained.
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The majority of the crossbows used in this sport are custom made in small quantities, often by the archers themselves.
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However, in modern times, most archery targets are made of synthetic foam, or woven plastic bags stuffed with cloth.
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In the past, most targets in competitive archery use some kind of stalks of grain or grass and may be constructed of
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Field archery involves shooting at targets of varying (and sometimes unmarked) distance, often in rough terrain.
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website. These competitions are not as popular as the two listed above, but they are competed internationally.
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allows for more errors in elevation, however since no points are awarded for near misses the archer's
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All U.S. states except Delaware, Vermont, and Wyoming. The program also operates in Washington, D.C.
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state and national tournaments to compete against other schools. NASP was formed in 2001 as the
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Another situation where archery features as an entertainment is in its portrayal in movies.
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IFAA Field and International rounds are used in European Professional Archery competition.
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958:"Turkish Traditional Archery Part 1: History, Disciplines, Institutions, Mystic Aspects"
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their furthest arrows while judges and their assistants measure the distances achieved.
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from a set distance or distances. This is the most popular form of competitive
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A form of archery originally derived from shooting birds on church steeples.
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Demonstrations of archery skill are sometimes featured as entertainment in
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origins also exists and is also practiced in Canada and the United States
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2023, NASP lists program coordinators in the following jurisdictions:
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A field archer shooting freestyle recurve at 60 m (66 yards).
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1st European Field-crossbow Championships Wolverhampton England,
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Archery in the Schools Program, with the state's Departments of
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bucks, darts, archery golf, night shooting, and turkey tester.
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used his extraordinary accuracy for the archery in the movie
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441:, Germany, on June 24, 1956, as the world governing body for
437:(Internationale Armbrustschutzen Union – IAU) was founded in
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Two papingos in the Kilwinning Abbey tower museum, Scotland.
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Modern competitive target archery is often governed by the
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deal primarily with Western culture and do not represent a
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1168:"Copy of health and safety policy from SportFocus website"
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1st Asian Field-crossbow Championships Tainan Taiwan ROC.
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In some recreational groups, a form of archery known as
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1st World Field-crossbow Championships Mikkeli Finland,
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1st European Match-crossbow Championships Gent Belgium,
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Archery with humans as targets, or very near the target
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All Canadian provinces except New Brunswick and Québec.
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Four reenactors practice Tudor-style 'Skirmish' archery
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woven into a rope then wrapped around into a target.
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1st World Match-crossbow Championships Linz Austria,
222:(WA, also and formerly known as FITA from the French
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Clout archery (G.N.A.S. rules in the United Kingdom)
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1235:. The Tribune (copy from Reuters). 17 January 2001
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1083:"USA Archery JOAD website – club listings page"
1015:"Ancient Cherokee Games Are Still Played Today"
528:and there were others in several major cities.
1193:"Combat Archery: A Manual for Western Archers"
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264:). Olympic rules are derived from WA rules.
134:The examples and perspective in this article
524:established an "arrow field" (Ok-Meidan) in
421:Crossbow archery (IAU rules internationally)
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516:Shooting a specialised compound flight bow.
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1207:"Artist 'undeterred' by crossbow accident"
979:"FITA Flight Archery official description"
1063:. National Archery in the Schools Program
1041:. National Archery in the Schools Program
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821:International games which include archery
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187:involves shooting arrows at a target for
172:Learn how and when to remove this message
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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262:Fédération Internationale de Tir à l'Arc
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224:Fédération Internationale de Tir à l'Arc
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910:2009 World Indoor Archery Championships
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1729:World University Archery Championships
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921:U.S. Intercollegiate Archery Champions
549:An event very similar to the sport of
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435:International Crossbow-shooting Union
315:Three common types of rounds (in the
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
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1262:, University of New Mexico Press,
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905:Target Archery World Championships
762:and sharpshooting demonstrations.
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1013:Weavel, Tonia (18 October 2003).
865:Archery at the Summer Paralympics
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199:. A form particularly popular in
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780:Society for Creative Anachronism
360:The following are listed on the
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232:International Olympic Committee
34:needs additional citations for
1233:"Circus act turns into horror"
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890:Grand National Archery Society
860:Archery at the Summer Olympics
558:is a mentionable alternative.
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689:Archery is popularly used in
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1112:Nine Years Among The Indians
810:The Adventures of Robin Hood
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429:IAU 'Field' crossbow archery
58:"Modern competitive archery"
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1143:"Copy of Rules of Shooting"
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713:Fish and Wildlife Resources
252:Outdoor target competition.
148:, discuss the issue on the
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1390:Modern competitive archery
870:Archery at the World Games
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482:IAU Championships Timeline
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348:A home-made Archery target
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185:Modern competitive archery
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946:, June 1952, pp. 126-127.
356:Other modern competitions
1395:World Archery Federation
1003:R P Elmer Target Archery
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562:Traditional competitions
468:A typical Field-crossbow
258:World Archery Federation
220:World Archery Federation
195:worldwide and is called
1254:Lehman, Herman (1927),
1108:Lehman, Herman (1927),
885:World Archery World Cup
832:Summer Paralympic Games
403:Archers shooting clout.
1470:Austroasiatic crossbow
1400:World Archery Rankings
691:historical reenactment
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677:Historical reenactment
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530:Turkish flight archery
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454:Field-crossbow archery
448:Field-crossbow archery
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599:Popinjay (or Papingo)
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1734:Military World Games
1385:History of crossbows
1288:Cavalcade of archery
1061:"NASP® Coordinators"
941:"Bull's-eye Builder"
827:Summer Olympic Games
815:Cavalcade of Archery
626:horizontal variation
154:create a new article
146:improve this article
43:improve this article
1702:World Championships
1089:on January 20, 2014
533:Turkish standards.
1155:on 4 February 2007
847:Commonwealth Games
687:
662:Other competitions
617:
518:
470:
431:
405:
350:
310:
254:
230:recognized by the
1800:
1799:
1426:Ballista elephant
1213:. 16 January 2001
944:Popular Mechanics
698:Archery education
182:
181:
174:
156:, as appropriate.
119:
118:
111:
93:
1820:
1790:
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1780:
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1588:Cresting machine
1475:Cable-backed bow
1416:Archer's paradox
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981:. Archived from
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605:Popinjay (sport)
570:Japanese archery
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985:on 20 July 2011
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956:Ă–zveri, Murat.
954:
950:
939:
935:
930:
925:
895:Shooting Sports
855:
823:
756:impalement arts
752:Wild West shows
744:
742:Impalement arts
738:
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1510:Holmegaard bow
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880:Field Archery
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668:archery games
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396:
395:Clout archery
386:
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342:
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335:
332:
331:Animal rounds
327:
326:Hunter rounds
322:
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300:Field archery
294:Field archery
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245:
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213:field archery
210:
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205:North America
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63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1738:Continental
1683:Competitions
1540:Takedown bow
1485:Compound bow
1389:
1311:
1287:
1282:
1273:
1257:
1249:
1237:. Retrieved
1227:
1215:. Retrieved
1210:
1201:
1187:
1174:. Retrieved
1157:. Retrieved
1150:the original
1136:
1127:
1111:
1103:
1091:. Retrieved
1087:the original
1077:
1065:. Retrieved
1055:
1043:. Retrieved
1018:. Retrieved
1008:
999:
987:. Retrieved
983:the original
973:
961:. Retrieved
951:
943:
936:
814:
808:
802:
799:
776:
770:
768:
745:
730:
701:
688:
671:
652:
643:
640:Roving marks
634:
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593:
584:
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321:Field rounds
320:
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184:
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168:
159:
135:
105:
99:January 2014
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1724:Universiade
1719:Paralympics
1608:Release aid
1530:Recurve bow
1438:Run archery
1176:11 February
1159:11 February
1067:January 23,
1045:January 23,
842:Asian Games
837:World Games
805:Howard Hill
556:run archery
545:Ski archery
281:marsh grass
1649:Bowhunting
1644:Bowfishing
1637:Activities
1628:Thumb ring
1593:Finger tab
1525:Mongol bow
740:See also:
649:Wand shoot
368:3D archery
69:newspapers
1714:World Cup
1598:Fletching
1578:Bowstring
1573:Arrowhead
1554:Equipment
1545:Welsh bow
1457:Bow shape
709:Education
590:Beursault
473:Equipment
162:July 2012
150:talk page
1807:Category
1792:Glossary
1782:Category
1747:Americas
1690:Olympics
1669:Popinjay
1535:Self bow
1490:Crossbow
1465:Arbalest
1431:Yabusame
1373:Japanese
1239:27 March
1217:27 March
1211:BBC News
875:Crossbow
853:See also
817:(1946).
791:warriors
788:armoured
786:at well
748:circuses
727:program.
705:Kentucky
621:Popinjay
551:biathlon
526:Istanbul
443:crossbow
439:Landshut
413:Scoring.
144:You may
1813:Archery
1613:Quarrel
1520:Longbow
1505:Gakgung
1500:Flatbow
1378:Turkish
1368:Chinese
1363:History
1352:Archery
1313:Archery
795:knights
793:(often
656:windage
630:Flemish
193:archery
83:scholar
1764:Naadam
1757:Europe
1742:Africa
1654:Bowyer
1623:Target
1618:Quiver
1583:Bracer
1409:Topics
1317:Curlie
1295:
1266:
1120:
1039:"FAQs"
784:arrows
764:Apache
636:down.
207:, and
201:Europe
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1707:Youth
1695:Youth
1561:Arrow
1171:(PDF)
1153:(PDF)
1146:(PDF)
1093:5 May
1020:6 May
989:6 May
963:6 May
928:Notes
628:with
576:Kyūdō
152:, or
90:JSTOR
76:books
16:Sport
1752:Asia
1452:yumi
1448:Bows
1293:IMDb
1264:ISBN
1241:2007
1219:2007
1178:2007
1161:2007
1118:ISBN
1095:2015
1069:2023
1047:2023
1022:2009
991:2009
965:2009
917:(WA)
711:and
502:1992
498:1989
494:1982
490:1979
486:1958
433:The
339:golf
317:NFAA
269:ends
218:The
62:news
1315:at
1291:at
797:).
750:or
211:is
45:by
1809::
1566:Ya
1272:,
1209:.
1126:,
1030:^
484:–
362:WA
203:,
1454:)
1450:(
1344:e
1337:t
1330:v
1243:.
1221:.
1195:.
1182:)
1180:.
1163:.
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1024:.
993:.
967:.
175:)
169:(
164:)
160:(
142:.
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
