Ethics in religion

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ever a serious topic of study in Hinduism. Later studies have yielded the above four approaches to ethics in different schools of Hinduism, tied together with three common themes: (1) ethics is an essential part of dharma concept, (2) Ahimsa (non-violence) is the foundational premise without which – suggests Hinduism – ethics and any consistent ethical theory is impossible, and (3) Ethics cannot always be dualistically or non-dualistically reduced from first principles, ethics is closely related to moksha (self realization and spiritual freedom) with Vivekacudamani stating, "individuals with self knowledge and spiritual freedom are inherently self examining and ethical" and "ethics, freedom and knowledge require each other". In addition to the above four topics in Hindu ethics, scholars state that the

1300: 837: 1554:, in which each of the twelve sons of Jacob, in his last words to his children and children's children, reviews his life and gives them moral lessons, either warning them against a certain vice he had been guilty of, so that they may avoid divine punishment, or recommending them to cultivate a certain virtue he had practised during life, so that they may win God's favor. The chief virtues recommended are love for one's fellow man, industry, especially in agricultural pursuits, simplicity, sobriety, benevolence toward the poor, compassion even for the brute and avoidance of all passion, pride, and hatred. Similar ethical farewell monitions are attributed to Enoch in the 1234:

bank account, all these things become tools to make us better people. Morality in Islam addresses every aspect of a Muslim's life, from greetings to international relations. It is universal in its scope and in its applicability. Morality reigns in selfish desires, vanity and bad habits. Muslims must not only be virtuous, but they must also enjoin virtue. They must not only refrain from evil and vice, but they must also forbid them. In other words, they must not only be morally healthy, but they must also contribute to the moral health of society as a whole.

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rudimentary code of moral training, but the Buddha also proposes other ethical codes inculcating definite positive virtues. The Mangala Sutta, for example, commends reverence, humility, contentment, gratitude, patience, generosity, etc. Other discourses prescribe numerous family, social, and political duties establishing the well being of society. And behind all these duties lie the four attitudes called the "immeasurables" – loving-kindness, compassion, sympathetic joy, and equanimity.

11350: 9878: 8661: 11340: 8671: 1771: 719: 507: 375: 83: 42: 324:. The initial percept is non-injury or non-violence to all living creatures from the lowest insect to humans. This precept defines a non-violent attitude toward every living thing. The Buddhist practice of this does not extend to the extremes exhibited by Jainism, but from both the Buddhist and Jain perspectives, non-violence suggests an intimate involvement with, and relationship to, all living things. 693:) to the ones to whom one owes one's existence (parents) and survival (one's neighbours, colleagues, inferiors in rank). He codified traditional practice and actually changed the meaning of the prior concepts that those words had meant. His model of the Confucian family and Confucian ruler dominated Chinese life into the early 20th century. This had ossified by then into an Imperial hierarchy of rigid 185: 1838:(Daoist) authors argued for an even greater passivity on the part of rulers than did the Confucians. For Laozi, (Lao Tzu) the ideal ruler is one who does virtually nothing that can be directly identified as ruling. Clearly, both Daoism and Confucianism presume that human nature is basically good. The main branch of Confucianism, however, argues that human nature must be nurtured through ritual ( 3480: 3372: 1642:, Scientology's ethics is "a peculiar brand of morality that uniquely benefitted ... In plain English, the purpose of Scientology ethics is to eliminate opponents, then eliminate people's interests in things other than Scientology. In this 'ethical' environment, Scientology would be able to impose its courses, philosophy, and 'justice system' – its so-called technology – onto society." 1079:– considered one of the epitomes of historic Hindu discussion of virtues and an allegorical debate on what is right and what is wrong – argues some virtues are not necessarily always absolute, but sometimes relational; for example, it explains a virtue such as Ahimsa must be re-examined when one is faced with war or violence from the aggressiveness, immaturity or ignorance of others. 1897:: "An' it harm none, do what ye will" – old-fashioned language for "as long as you aren't harming anyone, do as you wish". While this could be interpreted to mean "do no harm at all", it is usually interpreted as a declaration of the freedom to act, along with the necessity of thinking through and taking responsibility for the consequences of one's actions. 1398:) vow is a "religious death" ritual vow observed at the end of life, historically by Jain monks and nuns, but rare in the modern age. In this vow, there is voluntary and gradual reduction of food and liquid intake to end one's life by choice and with dispassion, In Jainism this is believed to reduce negative karma that affects a soul's future rebirths. 1344:, "intentional non-violence" or "noninjury": The first major vow taken by Jains is to cause no harm to other human beings, as well as all living beings (particularly animals). This is the highest ethical duty in Jainism, and it applies not only to one's actions, but demands that one be non-violent in one's speech and thoughts. 620:, argued that the ideal ruler is the one who (as Confucius put it) "acts like the North Star, staying in place while the other stars orbit around it". In other words, the ideal ruler does not go out and force the people to become good, but instead leads by example. The ideal ruler fosters harmony rather than laws. 1335:(Jina, god), doctrine, and that the individual is free from five offences: doubts about the faith, indecisiveness about the truths of Jainism, sincere desire for Jain teachings, recognition of fellow Jains, and admiration for their spiritual pursuits. Such a person undertakes the following five vows of Jainism: 1565:

The Hellenistic Jewish propaganda literature made the propagation of Jewish ethics taken from the Bible its main object for the sake of winning the pagan world to pure monotheism. It was owing to this endeavor that certain ethical principles were laid down as guiding maxims for the Gentiles, first of

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Muhammad summarized the conduct of a Muslim when he said: "My Sustainer has given me nine commands: to remain conscious of God, whether in private or in public; to speak justly, whether angry or pleased; to show moderation both when poor and when rich, to reunite friendship with those who have broken

1202:

exemplified "heedlessness", it was not entirely without merit. Muhammad approved and exhorted certain aspects of the Arab pre-Islamic tradition, such as the care for one's near kin, for widows, orphans, and others in need and for the establishment of justice. However, these values would be re-ordered

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that is ethics and conduct for every individual in relation to society. Ancient literature at the foundation of various Hindu traditions primarily discuss the first three, while the last has attracted greater attention since the 18th century. Some early 20th century literature wondered if ethics was

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Buddhist ethics, as formulated in the five precepts, is sometimes charged with being entirely negative. ... t has to be pointed out that the five precepts, or even the longer codes of precepts promulgated by the Buddha, do not exhaust the full range of Buddhist ethics. The precepts are only the most

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emphasize the maintenance and propriety of relationships as the most important consideration in ethics. To be ethical is to do what one's relationships require. Notably, though, what you owe to another person is inversely proportional to their distance from you. In other words, you owe your parents

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who visited and lived in India for 16 years in the early 11th century, describes the concept of ethics and virtuous behavior among Hindus of his times. Of ethical mandates among Hindus, a literal translation of his Persian language manuscript includes (1) A man shall not kill; (2) nor lie; (3) nor

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explained it thus: "virtue and vice do not go about saying – here we are!; neither the Gods, Gandharvas, nor ancestors can convince us – this is right, this is wrong; virtue is an elusive concept, it demands careful and sustained reflection by every man and woman before it can become part of one's

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A Muslim should not be vain or attached to the ephemeral pleasures of this world. While most people allow the material world to fill their hearts, Muslims should keep God in their hearts and the material world in their hand. Instead of being attached to the car and the job and the diploma and the

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While the concept of a Judaeo-Christian tradition has influenced American discourse and policymaking, scholars and theologians caution against uncritical usage; stressing the importance of acknowledging and respecting the distinct theological differences between Judaism and Christianity. Despite

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Furthermore, a Muslim should not only follow these five main characteristics, but also be more broad about his morals. Therefore, the more the Muslim is applying these rules, the better that person is morally. For example, Islamic ethics can be applied by important verses in the Quran. The most

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Islam is a way of life and it does not work in isolation. In a business practice for example, the Muslims are call to adhere good business ethical values, does not cheat, and does not charge interests to the buyers. Research has also observed how Islamic religiosity influences work ethics and

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Quote: "(In Hinduism), srutis did not pretend to deal with all situations or irregularities in the moral life, leaving these matters to human reasons (Mbh Xii.109); Accordingly, that again which is virtue may, according to time and place, be sin (...); Under certain conditions, acts that are

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This natural inclination is, according to the Qur'an, subverted by mankind's focus on material success: such focus first presents itself as a need for basic survival or security, but then tends to manifest into a desire to become distinguished among one's peers. Ultimately, the focus on

898:. Ethical subjects and questions are debated by various schools of Hinduism, quite extensively, in numerous texts on what is right conduct, when, how and why. Over time, new virtues were conceptualized and added by ancient Hindu scholars, some replaced, others merged. For example, 1752:

Although State Shinto reinforced subordination to the emperor and the state, Shrine Shinto is a situation-based ethical system that emphasizes right actions toward others, versus adherence to a specific belief system. Shrine Shinto also stresses gratefulness for "blessings of the

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in which ethics are based solely on human faculties such as scientific reason, sociobiological composition, or ethical intuition, and not derived from purported supernatural revelation or guidance. Secular ethics comprise a wide variety of moral and ethical systems including

1879:"If you want to awaken all of humanity, then awaken all of yourself; if you want to eliminate the suffering in the world, then eliminate all that is dark and negative in yourself. Truly, the greatest gift you have to give is that of your own self-transformation." – Lao Tzu 1604:, law, and moral discourse, tracing back to efforts in the 1930s and 1940s to highlight shared values amid rising antisemitism and societal divisions. Rooted in both Jewish and Christian traditions, has garnered support from leaders across the political spectrum, including 1525:'s collection of sayings and monitions was written, translated into Greek, and circulated as a practical guide. The book contains popular ethics in proverbial form as the result of everyday life experience, without higher philosophical or religious principles and ideals. 247:

involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior. A central aspect of ethics is "the good life", the life worth living or life that is simply satisfying, which is held by many philosophers to be more important than traditional

309:: no killing, stealing, lying, sexual misconduct, or intoxicants. In becoming a Buddhist, or affirming one's commitment to Buddhism, a layperson is encouraged to vow to abstain from these negative actions. Buddhist monks and nuns take hundreds more such vows (see 1745:. By the 6th century CE, Shinto had drawn from a Chinese idea that good people will adhere to societal norms, and emperors have a divine mandate to bring about the "desirable and required order". Shinto adherents are to "realize and carry out the will of the 301:

or handed down through tradition. Most scholars of Buddhist ethics thus rely on the examination of Buddhist scriptures, and the use of anthropological evidence from traditional Buddhist societies, to justify claims about the nature of Buddhist ethics.

1215:“And do not turn your nose up to people, nor walk pridefully upon the earth. Surely Allah does not like whoever is arrogant, boastful. Be moderate in your pace. And lower your voice, for the ugliest of all voices is certainly the braying of donkeys.” 1144:, was sent by God to remind human beings of their moral responsibility, and challenge those ideas in society which opposed submission to God. According to Kelsay, this challenge was directed against five main characteristics of pre-Islamic Arabia: 2514: 2457: 1520:

shows a tendency to dwell solely on the moral obligations and problems of life as appealing to man as an individual, leaving out of consideration the ceremonial and other laws which concern only the Jewish nation. From this point of view

1616:, invoked these values to unite the nation, emphasizing social justice and caring for one's neighbor as principles upheld by both faiths. Similarly, Johnson strategically employed appeals to Judaeo-Christian ethics to rally support for 1376:, "non-possessiveness": This includes non-attachment to material and psychological possessions, avoiding craving and greed. Jain monks and nuns completely renounce property and social relations, own nothing and are attached to no one. 2318:

Quote: "(The Hindu scripture) notes the interrelationship of several virtues, consequentially. Anger springs from covetousness; (the vice of) envy disappears in consequence of (the virtues) of compassion and knowledge of self (Mbh

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Ethics in systematic form, and apart from religious belief, is as little found in apocryphal or Judæo-Hellenistic literature as in the Bible. However, Greek philosophy greatly influenced Alexandrian writers such as the authors of

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everything, but you are not in any way obligated towards strangers. This can be seen as a recognition of the fact that it is impossible to love the entire world equally and simultaneously. This is called relational ethics, or

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debates over its validity, the enduring presence of Judaeo-Christian ethics underscores its significance as a factor in American moral and political discourse, reflecting a commitment to common values amid diversity.

863:) in ancient texts of Hinduism. Ethics and virtue are a much debated and an evolving concept in ancient scriptures of Hinduism. Virtue, right conduct, ethics and morality are part of the complex concept Hindus call 316:

This approach avoids basing Buddhist ethics solely on faith in the Buddha's enlightenment or Buddhist tradition, and may allow more universal non-Buddhist access to the insights offered by Buddhist ethics.

2511: 2454: 2271: 1036:(right attitude, contemplation). An ethical life in Hinduism is essential for a liberated life, one without craving, one that is content, attained through knowledge and by abstaining from evil. 2476:

Andrea Hornett (2012), Ancient Ethics and Contemporary Systems: The Yamas, the Niyamas and Forms of Organization, in Leadership through the Classics (Editor: Prastacos et al), Springer-Verlag,

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and other rabbinic literature. This early Rabbinic ethics shows signs of cross-fertilization and polemical exchange with both the Greek (Western philosophical) ethical tradition and early

1416:, its broad legal injunctions, wisdom narratives and prophetic teachings. Most subsequent Jewish ethical claims may be traced back to the texts, themes and teachings of the written Torah. 1360:, "not stealing": A Jain layperson should not take anything that is not willingly given. Additionally, a Jain mendicant should ask for permission to take it if something is being given. 948:(freedom from anger). In later verses, this list was reduced to five virtues by the same scholar, by merging and creating a more broader concept. The shorter list of virtues became: 2315:

apparently evil (such as violence) can be permitted if they produce consequences that are good (protection of children and women in self defense when the society is attacked in war)

1242:– you encourage good, forbid evil, and believe in Allah. Had the People of the Book believed, it would have been better for them. Some of them are faithful, but most are rebellious. 271:

states that there are those who "would say that we can only flourish under the umbrella of a strong social order, cemented by common adherence to a particular religious tradition".

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Douglas Hartmann, Xuefeng Zhang, William Wischstadt (2005). One (Multicultural) Nation Under God? Changing Uses and Meanings of the Term "Judeo-Christian" in the American Media.

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off with me; to give to him who refuses me; that my silence should be occupied with thought; that my looking should be an admonition; and that I should command what is right."

1967:(a master of Asha) and to bring happiness into the world, which contributes to the cosmic battle against evil. Zoroastrianism's core teachings include but are not limited to: 875:

said, the term "Dharma" does not have a synonym in English language. While it is often interpreted as meaning "duty", it can mean justice, right, moral, good, and much more.

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Ethics are explained in Hindu philosophy as something that cannot be imposed, but something that is realized and voluntarily lived up to by each individual. For example,

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Arti Dhand (2002), The Dharma of Ethics, the Ethics of Dharma: Quizzing the Ideals of Hinduism, The Journal of Religious Ethics, Vol. 30, No. 3 (Fall, 2002), pp. 347-372

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The reverence of and compliance with ancestral traditions, a practice challenged by Islam – which instead assigned primacy to submitting to God and following revelation.

1368:, "celibacy": Abstinence from sex and sensual pleasures is prescribed for Jain monks and nuns. For laypersons, the vow means chastity, faithfulness to one's partner. 1063:

that is ethics for an individual in different periods of one's lifetime (ethical expectations for a child are distinguished from those for adults, old age); and (4)

783:, brought a cohesive metaphysic to Chinese thought and a strong emphasis on universalism. Neo-Confucianism was largely a reaction to Buddhism's dominance in the 1423:

both interprets the Hebrew Bible and delves afresh into many other ethical topics. The best known rabbinic text associated with ethics is the non-legal Mishnah

481:

adopted the four cardinal virtues of Aristotle (justice, courage, temperance and prudence), and added to them the Christian virtues of faith, hope and charity (

1352:, "truth": This vow is to always speak the truth. Neither lie, nor speak what is not true, and do not encourage others or approve anyone who speaks an untruth. 1194:, and the hierarchy of values. From the viewpoint of subsequent generations, this caused a great transformation in the society and moral order of life in the 206: 3507: 2836: 1148:

The division of Arabs into varying tribes (based upon blood and kinship). This categorization was confronted by the ideal of a unified community based upon

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B. Chandel (2014), The Immanent and the Transcendent in Indian Ethics, Ethics or Moral Philosophy, Contemporary Philosophy: A New Survey, Volume 11,

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B. Chandel (2014), The Immanent and the Transcendent in Indian Ethics, Ethics or Moral Philosophy, Contemporary Philosophy: A New Survey, Volume 11,

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Bakker, F. L. (2013), Comparing the Golden Rule in Hindu and Christian Religious Texts. Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses, 42(1), pages 38-58

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Tiwari, K. N. (1998), Classical Indian Ethical Thought: A Philosophical Study of Hindu, Jaina, and Buddhist Morals, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers,

1006:(non-possessiveness). In addition to these five negative things to abstain from, Hindu ethics also recommends five positive things to strive for as 612:). The Confucian view eventually held sway, however, and continues to dominate many aspects of Chinese thought. Many have argued, for example, that 10266: 9914: 7614: 3081:"Scientology and the European Human Rights Debate: A Reply to Leisa Goodman, J. Gordon Melton, and the European Rehabilitation Project Force Study" 2232: 1179:

The focus on achieving fame or establishing a legacy, which was replaced by the concept that mankind would be called to account before God on the

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Bruce R. Reichenbach (1988), The Law of Karma and the Principle of Causation, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 38, No. 4 (Oct., 1988), pp. 399-410

843:– non-violence in action, words and thoughts – is considered the highest ethical value and virtue in Hinduism. Above: non-violence sculpture by 8520: 9647: 8472: 5820: 1613: 7508: 7435: 4606: 3707: 2211: 662: 193: 11313: 7308: 3685: 1904:, which is understood to mean that whatever one does to another person or thing (benevolent or otherwise) returns with triple force. 7759: 11324: 7599: 7473: 7458: 2294:

Alban G. Widgery (1930), The Principles of Hindu Ethics, International Journal of Ethics, Vol. 40, No. 2 (Jan., 1930), pp. 232-245

9679: 3558:. (Originally published 1981 and transcribed for Internet publication in 1994.) Retrieved 2007-11-12 from "Access to Insight" at 1299: 147: 1269:

Attempts to reestablish ethics and re-conceptualize Islamic ethical theory had emerged during the 20th century by figures like:

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William F. Goodwin, Ethics and Value in Indian Philosophy, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 4, No. 4 (Jan., 1955), pages 328-329

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phrases, "ultimately points to the reality of God." Therefore, regardless of their environment, humans are believed to have a

7619: 3627: 3543: 3519: 3450: 3423: 3400: 3363: 3339: 2601: 2498: 2481: 2415: 2393: 2119: 451: 2533:

William F. Goodwin, Ethics and Value in Indian Philosophy, Philosophy East and West, Vol. 4, No. 4 (Jan., 1955), pp. 321-344

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Bodhi (1994). For other examples of Buddhist discourses that promote ethical behaviors among laity see, for instance, the

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Much progress in theoretical ethics came as Jews came into closer contact with the Hellenic world. Before that period the

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The foundational source in the gradual codification of Islamic ethics was the Muslim understanding that mankind has been

740: 528: 462:. Christian ethicists, like other ethicists, approach ethics from different frameworks and perspectives. The approach of 392: 100: 55: 1211:

fundamental characteristics of a Muslim are piety and humility. A Muslim must be humble with God and with other people:

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Subedi, S. P. (2003). The Concept in Hinduism of ‘Just War’. Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 8(2), pages 339-361

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Crawford, S. Cromwell (1982), The evolution of Hindu ethical ideals, Asian Studies Program, University of Hawaii Press

1548:, "Do that to no man which thou hatest!" as the leading maxim. There are even more elaborate ethical teachings in the 1107:

God's will and to abide by it. This faculty most crucially involves reflecting on the meaning of existence, which, as

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Stephen H. Phillips & other authors (2008), in Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, & Conflict (Second Edition),

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legislation in the 1960s, framing discrimination as contrary to the moral principles shared by Jews and Christians.

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Wisker, Zazli Lily (2016). "The effect of religiosity and personality on work ethics: A case of Muslim managers".

836: 11353: 11011: 10924: 9900: 8477: 8372: 7498: 7493: 7449: 7074: 5918: 5140: 4125: 2830: 2613:

Wilhelm Halbfass, Tradition and Reflection - Explorations in Indian Thought, State University of New York Press,

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Wilhelm Halbfass, Tradition and Reflection - Explorations in Indian Thought, State University of New York Press,

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Wilhelm Halbfass, Tradition and Reflection - Explorations in Indian Thought, State University of New York Press,

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In the medieval period, direct Jewish responses to Greek ethics may be seen in major rabbinic writings. Notably,

1303: 1131:, according to the Islamic texts, hampers with the innate reflection as described above, resulting in a state of 10123: 3351:

Acharya Amritchandra's Purushartha Siddhyupaya: Realization of the Pure Self, With Hindi and English Translation

1850:文) and other things, while the Daoists (Taoists) argued that the trappings of society were to be gotten rid of. 9663: 8332: 8157: 7430: 6444: 6385: 6272: 6151: 6083: 4469: 4107: 4026: 1796: 1633: 744: 532: 396: 115: 104: 17: 6564: 6439: 867:– everything that is essential for people, the world and nature to exist and prosper together, in harmony. As 11303: 11136: 10929: 10788: 10639: 9480: 8897: 8482: 7897: 7634: 7293: 7142: 7064: 6486: 5528: 5039: 3678: 702: 632: 595: 3037:

Disputation and Dialogue: Readings in the Jewish Christian Encounter, Ed. F. E. Talmage, Ktav, 1975, p. 291.

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were gradually developed into six, seven, and ten, or thirty laws of ethics binding upon every human being.

11278: 9727: 9687: 9600: 8540: 8342: 5550: 4258: 3651: 3555: 872: 352: 6574: 482: 10690: 10647: 10177: 10167: 9359: 8550: 8262: 8257: 8029: 6547: 6508: 6063: 5977: 5545: 5253: 3875: 3196: 3085: 2667:(1996), in Harvey Leonard Dyck and Peter Brock (Ed), The Pacifist Impulse in Historical Perspective, see 586:

This is not to say that there has never been any consideration given to universalist ethics. In fact, in

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These changes lay in the reorientation of society as regards to identity and life of the Muslim belief,

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Gupta, B. (2006). BHAGAVAD GĪTĀ AS DUTY AND VIRTUE ETHICS. Journal of Religious Ethics, 34(3), 373-395.

2224: 5292: 11384: 10871: 10332: 9846: 8575: 8364: 8222: 7674: 6557: 6336: 5967: 5597: 5120: 4252: 4004: 3841: 3796: 3274: 2020: 1651: 1325:(great vows) for Jain mendicants. For both, its moral precepts preface that the Jain has access to a 459: 290: 6675: 2212:

https://www.academia.edu/539377/A_Brief_Look_at_MacIntyres_Virtue_Ethics_and_Theological_Application

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Follow the Threefold Path of Asha: Humata, Huxta, Huvarshta (Good Thoughts, Good Words, Good Deeds).

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The acceptance of the worship of a multitude of deities besides Allah – a view challenged by strict

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in that there are rarely laws or principles which can be said to be true absolutely or universally.

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Kane, P.V. (1962), History of Dharmasastra (Ancient and Medieval Religious and Civil Law in India)

1698:, and on a more individual scale of either some form of attribution of intrinsic value to things, 1043:

that is inner tendencies of conduct found in every individual (in large measure, psychology); (2)

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Shinto beliefs start with an assumption of the inherent goodness of humans as descendants of the

733: 521: 385: 198: 93: 61: 3581: 3570: 2521:, Columbia University Libraries, London : Kegan Paul, Trübner & Co., (1910), page 72-73 2464:, Columbia University Libraries, London : Kegan Paul, Trübner & Co., (1910), page 73-75 140: 10783: 10602: 10219: 10214: 9923: 9339: 8940: 8892: 8397: 8292: 8252: 8232: 8089: 8064: 7969: 7942: 7892: 7862: 7852: 7769: 7734: 7719: 7704: 7659: 7594: 7263: 7194: 7099: 7094: 6835: 6758: 6520: 6402: 6326: 6123: 6113: 5972: 5940: 5878: 5849: 5356: 5351: 5135: 5016: 4976: 4761: 4102: 4097: 4077: 4073: 1901: 1595: 1270: 432: 3250: 1474:), who enters into Jewish discourse through Islamic writings. Maimonides, in turn, influences 11318: 11273: 11211: 11201: 10540: 10404: 10249: 10239: 10224: 10172: 9719: 9711: 9639: 9595: 8957: 8952: 8847: 8638: 8583: 8500: 8452: 8427: 8227: 8049: 8044: 7912: 7902: 7724: 7400: 7338: 7158: 7104: 6525: 6503: 6422: 6363: 6029: 5468: 5319: 4449: 4048: 3960: 3601: 3493: 3094: 3080: 2664: 2005: 1913: 1605: 1047:

that is proper aims of life for every individual for self-development and happiness (dharma,

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or of a logical deduction that establishes a preference for one thing over another, as with

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Phillip Wagoner, see Foreword, in Srinivasan, Dharma: Hindu Approach to a Purposeful Life,

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According to traditional Buddhism, the foundation of Buddhist ethics for laypeople is the

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Randall B. Woods, "The Politics of Idealism: Lyndon Johnson, Civil Rights, and Vietnam."

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Roy W. Perrett (1998), Hindu Ethics: A Philosophical Study, University of Hawaii Press,

1945:. In Valiente's poem they are ordered in pairs of complementary opposites, reflecting a 29:"Moral theology" redirects here. For the discipline focusing on Christian morality, see 11241: 11151: 11116: 10891: 10856: 10758: 10700: 10662: 10657: 10493: 10483: 10287: 10259: 10209: 10000: 9960: 9796: 9631: 9570: 9440: 9028: 8935: 8920: 8872: 8820: 8613: 8593: 8560: 8457: 8447: 8392: 8387: 8317: 8297: 8287: 8272: 8267: 8247: 8217: 8212: 8187: 8177: 8109: 8074: 8059: 7964: 7937: 7927: 7887: 7872: 7867: 7819: 7814: 7754: 7709: 7669: 7564: 7551: 7353: 7333: 7258: 7131: 6954: 6628: 6586: 6427: 6395: 6370: 6297: 6277: 6098: 6046: 6034: 6012: 5604: 5562: 5435: 5260: 5238: 5233: 5049: 4833: 4809: 4188: 4112: 3860: 3806: 3003:

Roosevelt, "'Only Thing We Have to Fear Is Fear Itself': FDR's First Inaugural Address"

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The Buddha provided some basic guidelines for acceptable behavior that are part of the

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was more Confucian than Communist. Confucianism, especially of the type argued for by

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Prisoners of Hope: Lyndon B. Johnson, the Great Society, and the Limits of Liberalism

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Charity is a way of maintaining one's soul aligned to Asha and to spread happiness.

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to submit to God's will and to follow Islam (as demonstrated in the Qur'an and the

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Jainism teaches five ethical duties, which it calls five vows. These are called

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Roderick Hindery (2004), Comparative Ethics in Hindu and Buddhist Traditions,

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Hindu literature variously discuss ethics as one or more of four topics: (1)

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steal; (4) nor whore; (5) nor hoard up treasures. These correspond to five

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Being good for the sake of goodness and without the hope of reward (see

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Many Wiccans also seek to cultivate a set of eight virtues mentioned in

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or guidance. Some assert that religion is necessary to live ethically.

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The majority of secular moral concepts are based on the acceptance of

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tradition of moral theology. The relevance of natural law to medieval

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has also become popular in recent decades, largely due to the work of

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Mark Silk (1984), Notes on the Judeo-Christian Tradition in America,

2231:(Fall 2018 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, 1544:

or testament is found, giving a summary of moral teachings, with the

1533: 1465: 1311: 1133: 895: 879: 806:, try to emulate the ethical values of the ancient Germanic peoples ( 674: 4751: 4280: 1770: 1165:, which dictates that Allah has no partner in worship nor any equal; 718: 506: 374: 82: 11298: 11288: 10773: 10768: 10763: 10715: 10562: 10478: 10446: 10359: 10351: 10042: 10017: 9985: 9980: 9821: 9786: 9420: 9405: 9329: 9324: 9289: 9279: 9192: 9127: 9101: 7121: 6865: 6855: 6710: 6200: 6180: 6007: 5883: 5738: 5302: 5024: 4964: 4883: 4791: 4778: 4756: 4736: 4714: 4709: 4689: 4629: 4596: 4535: 4379: 4364: 4242: 4203: 4159: 3950: 3887: 3791: 3694: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2040: 1930: 1918: 1676: 1567: 1529: 1522: 1442: 1247: 902:

initially listed ten virtues necessary for a human being to live a

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Jainism also prescribes seven supplementary vows, including three

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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

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and the ancestors in the family, the community, and the nation".

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Christian ethics is a branch of Christian theology that defines

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doctrine of Hinduism is part of its ethical theory compendium.

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31#1 (2007): 1-18, quote p 5; The same text appears in Woods,

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nurtures, cultivates and prepares an atmosphere that allows

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The concept of Judaeo-Christian ethics has played a role in

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An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation

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life – that is a moral, ethical, virtuous life – evolve in

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World Religions: The Great Faiths Explored & Explained

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World Religions: The Great Faiths Explored & Explained

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who developed a religious contractarian theory of ethics.

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Muslims must be in control of their passions and desires.

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China, the Confucians' main opponents, the followers of

3622:. Oxford, UK: Oneworld Publications. pp. 338–362. 3554:(The Wheel Publication No. 282/284). Kandy, Sri Lanka: 2436:

Mohapatra & Mohapatra, Hinduism: Analytical Study,

1963:

In Zoroastrianism, the purpose in life is to become an

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There are several different schema of vice and virtue.

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study of Christian ethics is called "moral theology".

2378:. Pune: Bhandarkar Press. pp. Volume 1, pp 2–10. 263:

component, often derived from purported supernatural

3580:. Retrieved 2007-11-12 from "Access to Insight" at 3569:. Retrieved 2007-11-12 from "Access to Insight" at 3334:(Second ed.), London and New York: Routledge, 3163:. London: Dorling Kindersley Limited. p. 108. 3132:. London: Dorling Kindersley Limited. p. 101. 3048:

Jews and Christians: The Myth of a Common Tradition

2946: 2898: 1876:to shine, which influences society for the better. 1238:

You are the best community ever raised for humanity

107:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3589:Evangelical Ethics: Issues Facing the Church Today 3531:Jaina Yoga: A Survey of the Mediaeval Śrāvakācāras 3151: 3149: 3120: 3118: 3116: 2958: 2922: 2738:"Is Taha Abdurrahman a Contractarian Philosopher?" 2669:Chapter on Himsa and Ahimsa Traditions in Hinduism 2356:Steven Rosen (2006), Essential Hinduism, Praeger, 2339:Becker and Becker (2001), Encyclopedia of Ethics, 2259:, Elsevier Science, Pages 1347–1356, 701-849, 1867 1900:Another element of Wiccan Morality comes from the 1203:in importance and placed in the context of strict 579:. The Confucian system differs very strongly from 11366: 1412:Jewish ethics may be said to originate with the 990:of ancient Hindu ethics: Ahimsa (non-violence), 450:. Christian ethics includes questions regarding 3146: 3113: 2719:2017 Science Journal of Business and Management 2114:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 90. 1977:The spiritual equality and duty of the genders. 1478:, a dominant figure in Catholic ethics and the 3504:Der Jainismus: Eine Indische Erlosungsreligion 1562:(lviii. et seq.) and to the three patriarchs. 442:Christian virtues are often divided into four 9908: 8701: 3679: 3492: 3431: 3347: 2916: 2892: 2880: 2868: 2856: 2811: 2792: 1949:that is common throughout Wiccan philosophy. 9648:Fifteen Sermons Preached at the Rolls Chapel 3618:(2009) . "Chapter 13: Religion and Ethics". 2679:, University of Toronto Press, pages 230-234 3620:Understanding Religion: A Thematic Approach 2824: 2822: 2820: 2700: 2698: 2696: 2694: 1799:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1540:, especially in Chapter IV. Here the first 1528:More developed ethical works emanated from 790: 747:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 701:. Traditional ethics had been perverted by 668: 535:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 70:Learn how and when to remove these messages 9922: 9915: 9901: 8708: 8694: 3686: 3672: 3560:Going for Refuge & Taking the Precepts 3552:Going for Refuge & Taking the Precepts 2153:"moralobjectivity.net/thesis/thesis_index" 2068: 1140:Muslims believe that Muhammad, like other 11314:Relationship between religion and science 2735: 2399:Also see: Apastamba, Dharma Sutra, 1.20.6 1819:Learn how and when to remove this message 1589: 767:Learn how and when to remove this message 555:Learn how and when to remove this message 415:Learn how and when to remove this message 232:Learn how and when to remove this message 167:Learn how and when to remove this message 6243: 3527: 3499:Jainism: An Indian Religion of Salvation 2976: 2835:, Harvard University Literature Center, 2832:Five Great Vows (Maha-vratas) of Jainism 2817: 2691: 2658: 1893:Wiccan morality is largely based on the 1489: 1298: 835: 209:of all important aspects of the article. 9680:Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals 7540: 3220:, London: Michael Houghton, 1949, p.303 2557: 2555: 2347:, 2nd Edition, Routledge, pages 845-848 2229:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 1486:is a matter of dispute among scholars. 1028:(perseverance, meditation, austerity), 452:how the rich should act toward the poor 14: 11367: 10240:Proper basis and Reformed epistemology 3324: 3155: 3124: 2940: 2716: 2529: 2527: 2290: 2288: 2286: 2284: 1321:(small vows) for Jain laypersons, and 205:Please consider expanding the lead to 9896: 8689: 7539: 6692: 6242: 3705: 3667: 3614: 3591:, Presbyterian and Reformed Pub. Co. 3458: 3384: 2964: 2952: 2928: 2839:from the original on 31 December 2014 2472: 2470: 2109: 1952: 1627: 708: 697:, hard to distinguish from any other 3408: 3075: 3069: 2904: 2828: 2552: 2373: 2245: 2222: 1797:adding citations to reliable sources 1764: 745:adding citations to reliable sources 712: 533:adding citations to reliable sources 500: 397:adding citations to reliable sources 368: 178: 105:adding citations to reliable sources 76: 35: 9696:Elements of the Philosophy of Right 3291: 3267: 3109:from the original on June 29, 2006. 2524: 2281: 2075:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 1551:Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs 1018:(purity in body, speech and mind), 496: 340: 24: 7509:Religions and spiritual traditions 3708:Religious groups and denominations 3608: 3243: 3204:1985). Retrieved 26 February 2007. 2467: 2140:An Introduction to Buddhist Ethics 1464:offers a Jewish interpretation of 274: 25: 11396: 3645: 3388:Collected Papers On Jaina Studies 3385:Jaini, Padmanabh S., ed. (2000), 2112:Ethics: A Very Short Introduction 1645: 1082: 968:(Non-covetousness/Non-stealing), 922:(Non-covetousness/Non-stealing), 51:This article has multiple issues. 11349: 11348: 11338: 9877: 9876: 8669: 8660: 8659: 8473:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 7615:Democratic Republic of the Congo 3478: 3438:Jainism: The World of Conquerors 3370: 2736:AlQurashi, Yousef (2022-10-26). 1882: 1853:Taoist ethics ask for a greater 1769: 1760: 1728: 1401: 1123:, or the sayings of Muhammad ). 717: 505: 373: 183: 81: 40: 7075:Evolutionary origin of religion 3567:The Eight Precepts (attha-sila) 3223: 3207: 3177: 3053: 3040: 3031: 3014: 2995: 2982: 2768:from the original on 2023-02-09 2729: 2710: 2682: 2649: 2633: 2624: 2607: 2590: 2587:, pages 87-96, 111-114, 131-257 2573: 2564: 2536: 2504: 2487: 2447: 2430: 2421: 2404: 2382: 2367: 2350: 2333: 2324: 2297: 2262: 2235:from the original on 2019-08-27 2175:The Different Paths of Buddhism 2142:Cambridge University Press 2000 1536:time, such as are contained in 1419:In early rabbinic Judaism, the 817: 384:needs additional citations for 289:are traditionally based on the 197:may be too short to adequately 92:needs additional citations for 59:or discuss these issues on the 9664:The Theory of Moral Sentiments 9034:Value monism – Value pluralism 7431:Separation of church and state 6084:Polytheistic reconstructionism 3587:Davis, John Jefferson (1985). 3578:The Five Precepts (pañca-sila) 3571:The Eight Precepts: attha-sila 2216: 2205: 2180: 2167: 2145: 2128: 2103: 2090: 1634:Scientology ethics and justice 1288: 1105:granted the faculty to discern 798:, including followers of both 687: 682: 661: 656: 652: 644: 636: 608: 599: 435:from a Christian perspective. 207:provide an accessible overview 13: 1: 5040:Traditional Sabahan religions 3582:The Five Precepts: pañca-sila 3061:Journal of Media and Religion 2227:, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), 2138:Macmillan 1992; Peter Harvey 2136:The Nature of Buddhist Ethics 2057: 1857:and less identification with 855:Ethics is called Nitisastra ( 11279:Desacralization of knowledge 9728:On the Genealogy of Morality 9688:Critique of Practical Reason 3693: 3556:Buddhist Publication Society 2062: 1566:all the three capital sins, 485:). Other schema include the 353:Biblical law in Christianity 7: 10691:Best of all possible worlds 10648:Eschatological verification 10205:Fine-tuning of the universe 7284:National religiosity levels 6509:Nauruan Indigenous religion 6064:Hellenism (modern religion) 3086:Marburg Journal of Religion 2742:Journal of Islamic Research 2278:Sanskrit English Dictionary 1988: 779:Buddhism, and specifically 627:above all. His concepts of 594:argued for universal love ( 456:how women are to be treated 10: 11401: 11375:Ethical issues in religion 9656:A Treatise of Human Nature 8715: 6693: 3576:Bullitt, John T. (2005b). 3565:Bullitt, John T. (2005a). 3474:L.D. Institute of Indology 3318: 1956: 1886: 1732: 1655: 1649: 1631: 1593: 1493: 1433:, popularly translated as 1405: 1292: 1092: 1086: 821: 350: 344: 278: 28: 11334: 11266: 11170: 11055: 10975: 10910: 10832: 10739: 10724: 10676: 10638: 10350: 10275: 10150: 10141: 10071: 10008: 9999: 9930: 9872: 9779: 9624: 9390: 9115: 9044: 8906: 8781: 8723: 8655: 8574: 8491: 8363: 8108: 7833: 7550: 7546: 7535: 7444: 7369: 7140: 7048: 6985: 6703: 6699: 6688: 6251: 6238: 6163: 5986: 5968:Transcendental Meditation 5861: 5848: 5813: 5561: 5538: 5527: 5454: 5417: 5119: 5015: 4997: 4941: 4932: 4849: 4777: 4628: 4619: 4577: 4549: 4507: 4440: 4431: 4422: 4388: 4355: 4327: 4318: 4268: 4135: 3822: 3736: 3727: 3718: 3714: 3701: 3652:"Ethics Without Religion" 3528:Williams, Robert (1991), 3465:Sallekhanā is Not Suicide 3391:(First ed.), Delhi: 3299:"WOMEN ii. In the Avesta" 3238:Eight Sabbats for Witches 2510:Alberuni's India (v. 1), 2453:Alberuni's India (v. 1), 2110:Simon, Blackburn (2001). 2021:European wars of religion 1652:Morality without religion 1198:. For Muhammad, although 886:Ethics that constitute a 860: 10920:Friedrich Schleiermacher 10506:Theories about religions 10308:Inconsistent revelations 9007:Universal prescriptivism 7600:Central African Republic 4587:Vietnamese folk religion 3978:Charismatic Christianity 3415:Jainism: An Introduction 3275:"CHARITABLE FOUNDATIONS" 3103:10.17192/mjr.2003.8.3725 2707:, Encyclopedia of Ethics 2484:, Chapter 5, pages 63-78 2157:www.moralobjectivity.net 1558:(xciv. et seq.) and the 1032:(lifelong learning) and 994:(truth, non-falsehood), 845:Carl Fredrik Reutersward 791:Germanic Neopagan ethics 8796:Artificial intelligence 7494:New religious movements 7127:Theories about religion 7080:Evolutionary psychology 6109:Modern Finnish paganism 4054:Independent Catholicism 3348:Jain, Vijay K. (2012), 3251:"HUMATA HŪXTA HUVARŠTA" 2829:Shah, Pravin K (2011), 2194:of the householder" by 2016:Ethics without religion 2001:Catholic moral theology 1902:Law of Threefold Return 1331:(teacher, counsellor), 1306:, depicting the vow of 934:(reflective prudence), 873:History of Dharmasastra 10784:Gaunilo of Marmoutiers 9924:Philosophy of religion 8143:Bosnia and Herzegovina 6124:Erzyan native religion 5973:Unitarian Universalism 5352:Native American Church 4098:Oneness Pentecostalism 3602:De La Torre, Miguel A. 3494:von Glasenapp, Helmuth 3185:"Exegesis on the Rede" 3046:Jacob Neusner (1990), 1596:Judeo-Christian ethics 1590:Judeo-Christian ethics 1384:(merit vows) and four 1314: 1271:Muhammad Abdullah Draz 1255: 1228: 1113:Encyclopedia of Ethics 979:The Persian historian 852: 437:Systematic theological 338: 11319:Faith and rationality 11274:Criticism of religion 11212:Robert Merrihew Adams 11202:Nicholas Wolterstorff 10405:Divine command theory 9720:The Methods of Ethics 8958:Divine command theory 8953:Ideal observer theory 8463:Saint Kitts and Nevis 7760:São Tomé and Príncipe 7620:Republic of the Congo 5821:Aboriginal Australian 4450:Chinese folk religion 3303:Encyclopaedia Iranica 3279:Encyclopaedia Iranica 3255:Encyclopaedia Iranica 3095:University of Marburg 2665:Klaus K. Klostermaier 2190:(referred to as "the 2006:Divine command theory 1914:Charge of the Goddess 1725:are also considered. 1709:. Approaches such as 1606:Franklin D. Roosevelt 1490:Hellenistic influence 1435:Ethics of the Fathers 1302: 1236: 1213: 930:(control of senses), 839: 333: 11309:Religious philosophy 10789:Pico della Mirandola 10754:Anselm of Canterbury 10686:Augustinian theodicy 10598:Religious skepticism 9931:Concepts in religion 9837:Political philosophy 8085:United Arab Emirates 6871:Religious experience 6245:Historical religions 5249:Four Mothers Society 4607:Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương 3939:Schwenkfelder Church 3183:Harrow, Judy (1985) 2374:Kane, P. V. (1962). 2223:Wong, David (2018), 2011:Ethic of reciprocity 1834:(Lao Tzu) and other 1793:improve this section 1703:ethical intuitionism 1662:Secular ethics is a 1612:. Roosevelt, in his 1117:moral responsibility 871:, the author of the 741:improve this section 529:improve this section 393:improve this article 322:Noble Eightfold Path 116:"Ethics in religion" 101:improve this article 11294:History of religion 10995:Friedrich Nietzsche 10872:Gottfried W Leibniz 10867:Nicolas Malebranche 10799:King James VI and I 10079:Abrahamic religions 9807:Evolutionary ethics 9768:Reasons and Persons 9744:A Theory of Justice 8898:Uncertain sentience 8478:Trinidad and Tobago 8373:Antigua and Barbuda 7541:Religion by country 6597:Cult of Magna Mater 5077:Philippine Dayawism 4658:Nimbarka Sampradaya 4406:Chinese Manichaeism 4078:Jehovah's Witnesses 3883:Proto-Protestantism 3536:Motilal Banarsidass 3512:Motilal Banarsidass 3508:Shridhar B. Shrotri 3460:Tukol, Justice T.K. 3443:Motilal Banarsidass 3393:Motilal Banarsidass 2979:, pp. 166–167. 2943:, pp. 179–180. 2795:, pp. 228–231. 2026:Evolutionary ethics 1996:Aristotelian ethics 1580:rabbinic literature 1496:Hellenistic Judaism 1181:day of resurrection 623:Confucius stresses 448:theological virtues 357:Sermon on the Mount 299:Buddhist scriptures 293:perspective of the 11304:Religious language 11284:Ethics in religion 11242:William Lane Craig 11117:Charles Hartshorne 10857:Desiderius Erasmus 10759:Augustine of Hippo 10701:Inconsistent triad 10663:Apophatic theology 10658:Logical positivism 10640:Religious language 10260:Watchmaker analogy 10225:Necessary existent 10001:Conceptions of God 9961:Intelligent design 9802:Ethics in religion 9797:Descriptive ethics 9632:Nicomachean Ethics 8413:Dominican Republic 7459:Abrahamic prophets 6548:Proto-Indo-Iranian 5050:Aliran Kepercayaan 4253:Non-denominational 4175:Modernist Salafism 3861:Oriental Orthodoxy 3654:, Philip Kitcher, 3200:vol. 5, Number 3 ( 3190:2007-10-06 at the 3079:(September 2003). 3022:Diplomatic History 3008:2022-06-04 at the 2990:American Quarterly 2917:Vijay K. Jain 2012 2893:Natubhai Shah 2004 2881:von Glasenapp 1925 2869:Vijay K. Jain 2012 2857:Vijay K. Jain 2012 2812:von Glasenapp 1925 2793:von Glasenapp 1925 2754:10.17613/ngj0-4b06 2517:2015-04-27 at the 2460:2015-04-27 at the 2274:2015-04-27 at the 2096:Singer, P. (1993) 2084:2018-01-18 at the 1953:Zoroastrian ethics 1628:Scientology ethics 1471:Nicomachean Ethics 1445:) portions of the 1315: 1200:pre-Islamic Arabia 1163:Islamic monotheism 853: 796:Germanic Neopagans 709:Buddhist influence 577:situational ethics 468:Alasdair MacIntyre 11380:Relational ethics 11362: 11361: 11262: 11261: 11222:Peter van Inwagen 11207:Richard Swinburne 11152:George I Mavrodes 11012:Vladimir Solovyov 10952:Søren Kierkegaard 10877:William Wollaston 10824:William of Ockham 10804:Marcion of Sinope 10706:Irenaean theodicy 10696:Euthyphro dilemma 10623:Transcendentalism 10452:Womanist theology 10442:Feminist theology 10346: 10345: 10137: 10136: 10023:Divine simplicity 9943:Euthyphro dilemma 9890: 9889: 9857:Social philosophy 9842:Population ethics 9832:Philosophy of law 9812:History of ethics 9295:Political freedom 8972:Euthyphro dilemma 8763:Suffering-focused 8683: 8682: 8651: 8650: 8647: 8646: 7635:Equatorial Guinea 7531: 7530: 7527: 7526: 7065:Cognitive science 6684: 6683: 6617:Mysteries of Isis 6391:Frankish paganism 6234: 6233: 6230: 6229: 6226: 6225: 5978:White Brotherhood 5844: 5843: 5809: 5808: 5254:Keetoowah Society 5111:Sundanese Wiwitan 4928: 4927: 4924: 4923: 4653:Brahma Sampradaya 4615: 4614: 4418: 4417: 4414: 4413: 4396:Assianism/Uatsdin 4314: 4313: 4083:British Israelism 4069:Nontrinitarianism 4032:Plymouth Brethren 4027:Nondenominational 3961:Congregationalism 3849:Eastern Orthodoxy 3797:Reconstructionist 3660:, 11 January 2012 3629:978-1-85168-599-8 3545:978-81-208-0775-4 3521:978-81-208-1376-2 3514:(Reprint: 1999), 3510:(trans.), Delhi: 3452:978-81-208-1938-2 3425:978-0-85773-656-7 3402:978-81-208-1691-6 3365:978-81-903639-4-5 3341:978-0-415-26605-5 2602:978-94-007-6894-9 2499:978-94-007-6894-9 2482:978-3-642-32445-1 2444:; see pages 37-40 2416:978-81-208-1608-4 2394:978-1-62209-672-5 2163:on July 23, 2011. 2121:978-0-19-280442-6 2036:Islamic bioethics 1829: 1828: 1821: 1614:inaugural address 1610:Lyndon B. Johnson 1602:American politics 1518:Wisdom literature 1484:Jewish philosophy 1295:Ethics of Jainism 1279:Alija Izetbegović 1196:Arabian Peninsula 1142:prophets in Islam 781:Mahayana Buddhism 777: 776: 769: 671: 565: 564: 557: 487:Seven Deadly Sins 429:virtuous behavior 425: 424: 417: 365:Ministry of Jesus 242: 241: 234: 224: 223: 177: 176: 169: 151: 74: 16:(Redirected from 11392: 11385:Religious ethics 11352: 11351: 11342: 11247:Ali Akbar Rashad 11110:Reinhold Niebuhr 11070:Bertrand Russell 11065:George Santayana 10962:Albrecht Ritschl 10947:Ludwig Feuerbach 10737: 10736: 10733:(by date active) 10593:Process theology 10338:Russell's teapot 10148: 10147: 10143:Existence of God 10053:Process theology 10006: 10005: 9991:Theological veto 9954:religious belief 9917: 9910: 9903: 9894: 9893: 9880: 9879: 9827:Moral psychology 9772: 9764: 9756: 9752:Practical Ethics 9748: 9740: 9736:Principia Ethica 9732: 9724: 9716: 9708: 9700: 9692: 9684: 9676: 9668: 9660: 9652: 9644: 9640:Ethics (Spinoza) 9636: 9275:Moral imperative 8733:Consequentialism 8710: 8703: 8696: 8687: 8686: 8673: 8663: 8662: 8541:Papua New Guinea 8516:Marshall Islands 8343:Northern Ireland 7548: 7547: 7537: 7536: 7421:Secular theology 7416:Secular humanism 6701: 6700: 6690: 6689: 6565:Ancestral Pueblo 6240: 6239: 5859: 5858: 5536: 5535: 4939: 4938: 4695:Shaiva Siddhanta 4626: 4625: 4559:Korean shamanism 4438: 4437: 4429: 4428: 4325: 4324: 4238:Mahdawi movement 4108:Swedenborgianism 4088:Christadelphians 3734: 3733: 3725: 3724: 3716: 3715: 3703: 3702: 3688: 3681: 3674: 3665: 3664: 3641: 3548: 3524: 3489: 3482: 3481: 3468:(1st ed.), 3455: 3428: 3410:Long, Jeffery D. 3405: 3381: 3374: 3373: 3344: 3313: 3312: 3310: 3309: 3295: 3289: 3288: 3286: 3285: 3271: 3265: 3264: 3262: 3261: 3247: 3241: 3227: 3221: 3218:High Magic's Aid 3211: 3205: 3181: 3175: 3174: 3153: 3144: 3143: 3122: 3111: 3110: 3073: 3067: 3057: 3051: 3044: 3038: 3035: 3029: 3018: 3012: 2999: 2993: 2986: 2980: 2974: 2968: 2962: 2956: 2950: 2944: 2938: 2932: 2926: 2920: 2919:, p. 87–88. 2914: 2908: 2902: 2896: 2890: 2884: 2878: 2872: 2866: 2860: 2854: 2848: 2847: 2846: 2844: 2826: 2815: 2809: 2796: 2790: 2777: 2776: 2774: 2773: 2733: 2727: 2726: 2714: 2708: 2702: 2689: 2686: 2680: 2662: 2656: 2653: 2647: 2637: 2631: 2628: 2622: 2611: 2605: 2594: 2588: 2577: 2571: 2568: 2562: 2559: 2550: 2540: 2534: 2531: 2522: 2508: 2502: 2491: 2485: 2474: 2465: 2451: 2445: 2434: 2428: 2425: 2419: 2408: 2402: 2386: 2380: 2379: 2371: 2365: 2354: 2348: 2337: 2331: 2328: 2322: 2311:; pages 268-72; 2301: 2295: 2292: 2279: 2266: 2260: 2249: 2243: 2242: 2241: 2240: 2225:"Chinese Ethics" 2220: 2214: 2209: 2203: 2188:Sigalovada Sutta 2184: 2178: 2171: 2165: 2164: 2159:. 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Kent 1636: 1630: 1598: 1592: 1532:circles in the 1498: 1492: 1410: 1404: 1297: 1291: 1264:business ethics 1254: 1246: 1239: 1227: 1219: 1101: 1091: 1085: 928:Indriyani-graha 914:(forgiveness), 834: 822:Main articles: 820: 793: 773: 762: 756: 753: 738: 722: 711: 695:property rights 561: 550: 544: 541: 526: 510: 499: 460:morality of war 421: 410: 404: 401: 390: 378: 367: 361:New Commandment 349: 343: 327:Theravada monk 283: 281:Buddhist ethics 277: 275:Buddhist ethics 269:Simon Blackburn 238: 227: 226: 225: 220: 214: 211: 204: 192:This article's 188: 173: 162: 156: 153: 110: 108: 98: 86: 45: 41: 34: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11398: 11388: 11387: 11382: 11377: 11360: 11359: 11357: 11356: 11346: 11335: 11332: 11331: 11329: 11328: 11321: 11316: 11311: 11306: 11301: 11296: 11291: 11286: 11281: 11276: 11270: 11268: 11267:Related topics 11264: 11263: 11260: 11259: 11257: 11256: 11250: 11249: 11244: 11239: 11234: 11229: 11227:Daniel Dennett 11224: 11219: 11217:Ravi Zacharias 11214: 11209: 11204: 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10138: 10135: 10134: 10132: 10131: 10126: 10121: 10116: 10111: 10106: 10101: 10096: 10091: 10086: 10081: 10075: 10073: 10069: 10068: 10066: 10065: 10060: 10055: 10050: 10045: 10040: 10035: 10030: 10025: 10020: 10015: 10009: 10003: 9997: 9996: 9994: 9993: 9988: 9983: 9978: 9973: 9968: 9963: 9958: 9957: 9956: 9945: 9940: 9934: 9932: 9928: 9927: 9920: 9919: 9912: 9905: 9897: 9888: 9887: 9885: 9884: 9873: 9870: 9869: 9867: 9866: 9859: 9854: 9852:Secular ethics 9849: 9847:Rehabilitation 9844: 9839: 9834: 9829: 9824: 9819: 9814: 9809: 9804: 9799: 9794: 9789: 9783: 9781: 9777: 9776: 9774: 9773: 9765: 9757: 9749: 9741: 9733: 9725: 9717: 9712:Utilitarianism 9709: 9701: 9693: 9685: 9677: 9669: 9661: 9653: 9645: 9637: 9628: 9626: 9622: 9621: 9619: 9618: 9613: 9608: 9603: 9598: 9593: 9588: 9583: 9578: 9573: 9568: 9563: 9558: 9553: 9548: 9543: 9538: 9533: 9528: 9523: 9518: 9513: 9508: 9503: 9498: 9493: 9488: 9483: 9478: 9473: 9468: 9463: 9458: 9453: 9448: 9443: 9438: 9433: 9428: 9423: 9418: 9413: 9408: 9403: 9397: 9395: 9388: 9387: 9385: 9384: 9379: 9374: 9369: 9364: 9363: 9362: 9357: 9352: 9342: 9337: 9332: 9327: 9322: 9317: 9312: 9307: 9302: 9297: 9292: 9287: 9282: 9277: 9272: 9267: 9262: 9257: 9252: 9247: 9242: 9237: 9232: 9227: 9222: 9221: 9220: 9215: 9210: 9200: 9195: 9190: 9185: 9180: 9175: 9170: 9165: 9160: 9155: 9150: 9145: 9140: 9135: 9130: 9125: 9119: 9117: 9113: 9112: 9110: 9109: 9104: 9099: 9094: 9089: 9084: 9079: 9074: 9072:Existentialist 9069: 9064: 9059: 9054: 9048: 9046: 9042: 9041: 9039: 9038: 9037: 9036: 9026: 9021: 9016: 9011: 9010: 9009: 9004: 8999: 8994: 8984: 8979: 8974: 8969: 8967:Constructivism 8964: 8963: 8962: 8961: 8960: 8955: 8945: 8944: 8943: 8941:Non-naturalism 8938: 8923: 8918: 8912: 8910: 8904: 8903: 8901: 8900: 8895: 8890: 8885: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8865: 8860: 8855: 8850: 8845: 8840: 8835: 8834: 8833: 8823: 8818: 8813: 8808: 8803: 8798: 8793: 8787: 8785: 8779: 8778: 8776: 8775: 8770: 8768:Utilitarianism 8765: 8760: 8755: 8750: 8745: 8740: 8735: 8729: 8727: 8721: 8720: 8713: 8712: 8705: 8698: 8690: 8681: 8680: 8678: 8677: 8667: 8656: 8653: 8652: 8649: 8648: 8645: 8644: 8642: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8626: 8621: 8616: 8611: 8606: 8601: 8596: 8591: 8586: 8580: 8578: 8572: 8571: 8569: 8568: 8563: 8558: 8553: 8548: 8543: 8538: 8533: 8528: 8523: 8518: 8513: 8508: 8503: 8497: 8495: 8489: 8488: 8486: 8485: 8480: 8475: 8470: 8465: 8460: 8455: 8450: 8445: 8440: 8435: 8430: 8425: 8420: 8415: 8410: 8405: 8400: 8395: 8390: 8385: 8380: 8375: 8369: 8367: 8361: 8360: 8358: 8357: 8356: 8355: 8350: 8345: 8340: 8333:United Kingdom 8330: 8325: 8320: 8315: 8310: 8305: 8300: 8295: 8290: 8285: 8280: 8275: 8270: 8265: 8260: 8255: 8250: 8245: 8240: 8235: 8230: 8225: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8205: 8200: 8195: 8190: 8185: 8180: 8175: 8170: 8165: 8160: 8155: 8150: 8145: 8140: 8135: 8130: 8125: 8120: 8114: 8112: 8106: 8105: 8103: 8102: 8097: 8092: 8087: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7961: 7960: 7955: 7945: 7940: 7935: 7930: 7925: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7839: 7837: 7831: 7830: 7828: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7812: 7807: 7802: 7797: 7792: 7787: 7782: 7777: 7772: 7767: 7762: 7757: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7577: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7556: 7554: 7544: 7543: 7533: 7532: 7529: 7528: 7525: 7524: 7522: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7455: 7453: 7445: 7442: 7441: 7439: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7426:Secularization 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7406:Deconstruction 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7382: 7380: 7370: 7367: 7366: 7364: 7363: 7358: 7357: 7356: 7351: 7346: 7341: 7331: 7326: 7321: 7316: 7311: 7306: 7301: 7296: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7254:Fundamentalism 7251: 7250: 7249: 7244: 7239: 7234: 7224: 7219: 7214: 7209: 7208: 7207: 7202: 7197: 7187: 7186: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7161: 7156: 7150: 7148: 7141: 7138: 7137: 7135: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7119: 7118: 7117: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7056: 7054: 7046: 7045: 7043: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6991: 6989: 6983: 6982: 6980: 6979: 6978: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6921: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6895: 6894: 6893: 6888: 6883: 6873: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6827: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6732: 6730:Call to prayer 6727: 6722: 6717: 6715:Disaffiliation 6707: 6705: 6697: 6696: 6686: 6685: 6682: 6681: 6679: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6642: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6621: 6620: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6589: 6584: 6583: 6582: 6577: 6572: 6562: 6561: 6560: 6555: 6545: 6544: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6518: 6513: 6512: 6511: 6501: 6500: 6499: 6494: 6484: 6479: 6478: 6477: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6431: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6413:Greco-Buddhism 6410: 6400: 6399: 6398: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6373: 6368: 6367: 6366: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6345: 6344: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6323: 6322: 6317: 6307: 6302: 6301: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6264: 6263: 6252: 6249: 6248: 6236: 6235: 6232: 6231: 6228: 6227: 6224: 6223: 6221: 6220: 6219: 6218: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6167: 6165: 6161: 6160: 6158: 6157: 6156: 6155: 6143: 6138: 6137: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6055: 6054: 6044: 6043: 6042: 6037: 6027: 6026: 6025: 6020: 6010: 6005: 6004: 6003: 5994: 5992: 5984: 5983: 5981: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5964: 5963: 5958: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5927: 5926: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5871: 5865: 5863: 5856: 5846: 5845: 5842: 5841: 5839: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5817: 5815: 5811: 5810: 5807: 5806: 5804: 5803: 5802: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5774:Tambor de Mina 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5730: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5700: 5699: 5698: 5697: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5601: 5600: 5595: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5569: 5567: 5559: 5558: 5556: 5555: 5554: 5553: 5551:Guanche church 5542: 5540: 5533: 5525: 5524: 5522: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5460: 5458: 5456:Tibeto-Burmese 5452: 5451: 5449: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5427: 5425: 5415: 5414: 5412: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5390: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5369: 5364: 5362:Nuu-chah-nulth 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5343: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5306: 5305: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5284: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5271:Muscogee Creek 5268: 5263: 5258: 5257: 5256: 5251: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5196: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5159: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5138: 5133: 5127: 5125: 5117: 5116: 5114: 5113: 5108: 5106:Sumbese Marapu 5103: 5102: 5101: 5096: 5086: 5085: 5084: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5058: 5057: 5052: 5044: 5043: 5042: 5037: 5027: 5025:Batak Parmalim 5021: 5019: 5013: 5012: 5010: 5009: 5003: 5001: 4995: 4994: 4992: 4991: 4990: 4989: 4984: 4974: 4973: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4947: 4945: 4936: 4930: 4929: 4926: 4925: 4922: 4921: 4919: 4918: 4917: 4916: 4911: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4880: 4879: 4874: 4864: 4859: 4853: 4851: 4847: 4846: 4844: 4843: 4836: 4831: 4830: 4829: 4819: 4818: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4789: 4783: 4781: 4775: 4774: 4772: 4771: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4733: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4687: 4686: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4634: 4632: 4623: 4617: 4616: 4613: 4612: 4610: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4583: 4581: 4575: 4574: 4572: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4555: 4553: 4547: 4546: 4544: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4527: 4526: 4513: 4511: 4505: 4504: 4502: 4501: 4500: 4499: 4494: 4484: 4483: 4482: 4477: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4446: 4444: 4435: 4426: 4420: 4419: 4416: 4415: 4412: 4411: 4409: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4392: 4390: 4386: 4385: 4383: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4361: 4359: 4353: 4352: 4350: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4337:Ilm-e-Khshnoom 4333: 4331: 4322: 4316: 4315: 4312: 4311: 4309: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4272: 4270: 4266: 4265: 4263: 4262: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4224: 4223: 4213: 4208: 4207: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4181: 4180: 4179: 4178: 4177: 4172: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4141: 4139: 4133: 4132: 4130: 4129: 4122: 4121: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4074:Bible Students 4066: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4046: 4044:Restorationism 4041: 4040: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4023: 4022: 4012: 4007: 4002: 4000:Evangelicalism 3997: 3996: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3975: 3974: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3942: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3911: 3901: 3900: 3899: 3894: 3880: 3879: 3878: 3873: 3863: 3858: 3857: 3856: 3846: 3845: 3844: 3839: 3828: 3826: 3820: 3819: 3817: 3816: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3774: 3773: 3772: 3771: 3770: 3760: 3759: 3758: 3742: 3740: 3731: 3722: 3712: 3711: 3699: 3698: 3691: 3690: 3683: 3676: 3668: 3662: 3661: 3647: 3646:External links 3644: 3643: 3642: 3628: 3610: 3607: 3606: 3605: 3599: 3585: 3574: 3563: 3549: 3544: 3525: 3520: 3490: 3456: 3451: 3433:Shah, Natubhai 3429: 3424: 3406: 3401: 3382: 3364: 3345: 3340: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3314: 3290: 3266: 3242: 3222: 3214:Gerald Gardner 3206: 3176: 3169: 3145: 3138: 3112: 3068: 3052: 3039: 3030: 3013: 2994: 2981: 2969: 2957: 2945: 2933: 2921: 2909: 2907:, p. 109. 2897: 2895:, p. 112. 2885: 2883:, p. 231. 2873: 2861: 2849: 2816: 2814:, p. 228. 2797: 2778: 2728: 2709: 2705:Islamic ethics 2690: 2681: 2677:978-0802007773 2657: 2648: 2645:978-0824820855 2632: 2623: 2606: 2589: 2572: 2563: 2551: 2535: 2523: 2503: 2486: 2466: 2446: 2442:978-8170993889 2429: 2420: 2403: 2401: 2400: 2381: 2366: 2349: 2345:978-0415936729 2332: 2323: 2321: 2320: 2316: 2309:978-8120808669 2296: 2280: 2261: 2257:978-0123739858 2244: 2215: 2204: 2200:Dhammika Sutta 2179: 2166: 2144: 2127: 2120: 2102: 2089: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1986: 1985: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1959:Zoroastrianism 1957:Main article: 1954: 1951: 1917:, these being 1887:Main article: 1884: 1881: 1855:sense of being 1827: 1826: 1777: 1775: 1768: 1762: 1759: 1733:Main article: 1730: 1727: 1723:moral nihilism 1711:ethical egoism 1692:natural rights 1685:utilitarianism 1658:Secular ethics 1650:Main article: 1647: 1646:Secular ethics 1644: 1632:Main article: 1629: 1626: 1594:Main article: 1591: 1588: 1560:Slavonic Enoch 1556:Ethiopic Enoch 1507:Book of Wisdom 1491: 1488: 1476:Thomas Aquinas 1406:Main article: 1403: 1400: 1378: 1377: 1369: 1361: 1353: 1345: 1304:Nishidhi stone 1293:Main article: 1290: 1287: 1275:Muhammad Iqbal 1248:Surah Al Imran 1244: 1217: 1188: 1187: 1184: 1177: 1166: 1159: 1089:Islamic ethics 1087:Main article: 1084: 1083:Islamic ethics 1081: 962:self restraint 918:(temperance), 819: 816: 792: 789: 775: 774: 725: 723: 716: 710: 707: 685:; pinyin: 681:(Chinese: 659:; pinyin: 651:(Chinese: 643:(Chinese: 581:Kantian ethics 563: 562: 513: 511: 504: 498: 495: 433:wrong behavior 423: 422: 381: 379: 372: 345:Main article: 342: 339: 279:Main article: 276: 273: 240: 239: 222: 221: 201:the key points 191: 189: 182: 175: 174: 89: 87: 80: 75: 49: 48: 46: 39: 18:Moral theology 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11397: 11386: 11383: 11381: 11378: 11376: 11373: 11372: 11370: 11355: 11347: 11345: 11341: 11337: 11336: 11333: 11327: 11326: 11322: 11320: 11317: 11315: 11312: 11310: 11307: 11305: 11302: 11300: 11297: 11295: 11292: 11290: 11287: 11285: 11282: 11280: 11277: 11275: 11272: 11271: 11269: 11265: 11255: 11252: 11251: 11248: 11245: 11243: 11240: 11238: 11235: 11233: 11230: 11228: 11225: 11223: 11220: 11218: 11215: 11213: 11210: 11208: 11205: 11203: 11200: 11198: 11197:Anthony Kenny 11195: 11193: 11190: 11188: 11185: 11183: 11180: 11179: 11177: 11169: 11163: 11160: 11158: 11155: 11153: 11150: 11148: 11145: 11143: 11140: 11138: 11135: 11133: 11130: 11128: 11125: 11123: 11122:Mircea Eliade 11120: 11118: 11115: 11114: 11111: 11108: 11106: 11103: 11101: 11098: 11096: 11093: 11091: 11088: 11086: 11083: 11081: 11078: 11076: 11073: 11071: 11068: 11066: 11063: 11062: 11060: 11054: 11048: 11045: 11043: 11040: 11038: 11035: 11033: 11030: 11028: 11025: 11023: 11020: 11018: 11015: 11013: 11010: 11009: 11006: 11005:William James 11003: 11001: 10998: 10996: 10993: 10991: 10988: 10986: 10985:Ernst Haeckel 10983: 10982: 10980: 10974: 10968: 10965: 10963: 10960: 10958: 10955: 10953: 10950: 10948: 10945: 10943: 10940: 10938: 10935: 10934: 10931: 10928: 10926: 10923: 10921: 10918: 10917: 10915: 10909: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10897:Immanuel Kant 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10885: 10883: 10880: 10878: 10875: 10873: 10870: 10868: 10865: 10863: 10860: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10852:Blaise Pascal 10850: 10848: 10845: 10843: 10840: 10839: 10837: 10835: 10831: 10825: 10822: 10820: 10817: 10815: 10812: 10810: 10807: 10805: 10802: 10800: 10797: 10795: 10792: 10790: 10787: 10785: 10782: 10780: 10777: 10775: 10772: 10770: 10767: 10765: 10762: 10760: 10757: 10755: 10752: 10751: 10749: 10747: 10742: 10738: 10735: 10730: 10723: 10717: 10714: 10712: 10709: 10707: 10704: 10702: 10699: 10697: 10694: 10692: 10689: 10687: 10684: 10683: 10681: 10679: 10675: 10669: 10666: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10653:Language game 10651: 10649: 10646: 10645: 10643: 10641: 10637: 10631: 10630: 10626: 10624: 10621: 10619: 10616: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10596: 10594: 10591: 10589: 10586: 10584: 10581: 10579: 10576: 10574: 10571: 10569: 10566: 10564: 10561: 10559: 10556: 10554: 10551: 10549: 10546: 10542: 10539: 10537: 10534: 10532: 10529: 10528: 10527: 10524: 10522: 10519: 10517: 10514: 10512: 10509: 10507: 10504: 10502: 10499: 10495: 10492: 10490: 10487: 10485: 10482: 10481: 10480: 10477: 10475: 10472: 10470: 10467: 10465: 10462: 10460: 10457: 10453: 10450: 10448: 10445: 10444: 10443: 10440: 10436: 10433: 10431: 10428: 10427: 10426: 10423: 10421: 10418: 10416: 10413: 10411: 10408: 10406: 10403: 10401: 10398: 10396: 10393: 10391: 10388: 10386: 10383: 10381: 10378: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10368: 10366: 10363: 10361: 10358: 10357: 10355: 10353: 10349: 10339: 10336: 10334: 10331: 10329: 10326: 10324: 10323:Occam's razor 10321: 10319: 10316: 10314: 10311: 10309: 10306: 10304: 10301: 10299: 10296: 10294: 10291: 10289: 10286: 10284: 10281: 10280: 10278: 10274: 10268: 10265: 10261: 10258: 10256: 10253: 10252: 10251: 10248: 10246: 10243: 10241: 10238: 10236: 10233: 10231: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10221: 10218: 10216: 10213: 10211: 10208: 10206: 10203: 10201: 10198: 10196: 10193: 10191: 10188: 10184: 10181: 10179: 10176: 10175: 10174: 10171: 10169: 10168:Consciousness 10166: 10164: 10161: 10159: 10156: 10155: 10153: 10149: 10146: 10144: 10140: 10130: 10127: 10125: 10122: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10112: 10110: 10107: 10105: 10102: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10087: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10077: 10076: 10074: 10070: 10064: 10063:Unmoved mover 10061: 10059: 10058:Supreme Being 10056: 10054: 10051: 10049: 10046: 10044: 10041: 10039: 10036: 10034: 10031: 10029: 10026: 10024: 10021: 10019: 10016: 10014: 10011: 10010: 10007: 10004: 10002: 9998: 9992: 9989: 9987: 9984: 9982: 9979: 9977: 9974: 9972: 9969: 9967: 9964: 9962: 9959: 9955: 9951: 9950: 9949: 9946: 9944: 9941: 9939: 9936: 9935: 9933: 9929: 9925: 9918: 9913: 9911: 9906: 9904: 9899: 9898: 9895: 9883: 9875: 9874: 9871: 9865: 9864: 9860: 9858: 9855: 9853: 9850: 9848: 9845: 9843: 9840: 9838: 9835: 9833: 9830: 9828: 9825: 9823: 9820: 9818: 9815: 9813: 9810: 9808: 9805: 9803: 9800: 9798: 9795: 9793: 9790: 9788: 9785: 9784: 9782: 9778: 9769: 9766: 9761: 9758: 9753: 9750: 9745: 9742: 9737: 9734: 9729: 9726: 9721: 9718: 9713: 9710: 9705: 9702: 9697: 9694: 9689: 9686: 9681: 9678: 9673: 9670: 9665: 9662: 9657: 9654: 9649: 9646: 9641: 9638: 9633: 9630: 9629: 9627: 9623: 9617: 9614: 9612: 9609: 9607: 9604: 9602: 9599: 9597: 9594: 9592: 9589: 9587: 9584: 9582: 9579: 9577: 9574: 9572: 9569: 9567: 9564: 9562: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9552: 9549: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9534: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9519: 9517: 9514: 9512: 9509: 9507: 9504: 9502: 9499: 9497: 9494: 9492: 9489: 9487: 9484: 9482: 9479: 9477: 9474: 9472: 9469: 9467: 9464: 9462: 9459: 9457: 9454: 9452: 9449: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9439: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9414: 9412: 9409: 9407: 9404: 9402: 9399: 9398: 9396: 9394: 9389: 9383: 9380: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9365: 9361: 9358: 9356: 9353: 9351: 9348: 9347: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9336: 9333: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9321: 9318: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9265:Moral courage 9263: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9228: 9226: 9223: 9219: 9216: 9214: 9211: 9209: 9206: 9205: 9204: 9203:Good and evil 9201: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9189: 9188:Family values 9186: 9184: 9181: 9179: 9176: 9174: 9171: 9169: 9166: 9164: 9161: 9159: 9156: 9154: 9151: 9149: 9146: 9144: 9141: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9131: 9129: 9126: 9124: 9121: 9120: 9118: 9114: 9108: 9105: 9103: 9100: 9098: 9095: 9093: 9090: 9088: 9085: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9075: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9065: 9063: 9060: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9049: 9047: 9043: 9035: 9032: 9031: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9015: 9012: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9002:Quasi-realism 9000: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8989: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8965: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8950: 8949: 8946: 8942: 8939: 8937: 8934: 8933: 8932: 8929: 8928: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8913: 8911: 8909: 8905: 8899: 8896: 8894: 8891: 8889: 8886: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8876: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8859: 8856: 8854: 8851: 8849: 8846: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8836: 8832: 8829: 8828: 8827: 8826:Environmental 8824: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8789: 8788: 8786: 8784: 8780: 8774: 8771: 8769: 8766: 8764: 8761: 8759: 8756: 8754: 8751: 8749: 8748:Particularism 8746: 8744: 8741: 8739: 8736: 8734: 8731: 8730: 8728: 8726: 8722: 8718: 8711: 8706: 8704: 8699: 8697: 8692: 8691: 8688: 8676: 8672: 8668: 8666: 8658: 8657: 8654: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8581: 8579: 8577: 8576:South America 8573: 8567: 8564: 8562: 8559: 8557: 8554: 8552: 8549: 8547: 8544: 8542: 8539: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8527: 8524: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8514: 8512: 8509: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8499: 8498: 8496: 8494: 8490: 8484: 8483:United States 8481: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8419: 8416: 8414: 8411: 8409: 8406: 8404: 8401: 8399: 8396: 8394: 8391: 8389: 8386: 8384: 8381: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8370: 8368: 8366: 8365:North America 8362: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8346: 8344: 8341: 8339: 8336: 8335: 8334: 8331: 8329: 8326: 8324: 8321: 8319: 8316: 8314: 8311: 8309: 8306: 8304: 8301: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8291: 8289: 8286: 8284: 8281: 8279: 8276: 8274: 8271: 8269: 8266: 8264: 8261: 8259: 8256: 8254: 8251: 8249: 8246: 8244: 8241: 8239: 8236: 8234: 8231: 8229: 8226: 8224: 8223:Liechtenstein 8221: 8219: 8216: 8214: 8211: 8209: 8206: 8204: 8201: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8191: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8181: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8159: 8156: 8154: 8151: 8149: 8146: 8144: 8141: 8139: 8136: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8115: 8113: 8111: 8107: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7950: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7840: 7838: 7836: 7832: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7811: 7808: 7806: 7803: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7793: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7675:Guinea-Bissau 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7557: 7555: 7553: 7549: 7545: 7538: 7534: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7499:Organizations 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7443: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7362: 7359: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7337: 7336: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7324:Vegetarianism 7322: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7269:Homosexuality 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7229: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7192: 7191: 7188: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7170: 7169: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7139: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7116: 7113: 7112: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7090:Neurotheology 7088: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7057: 7055: 7053: 7047: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6992: 6990: 6988: 6984: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6962: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6900: 6899: 6896: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6878: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6811: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6784:Folk religion 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6712: 6709: 6708: 6706: 6702: 6698: 6691: 6687: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6626: 6625: 6622: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6607:Imperial cult 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6594: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6567: 6566: 6563: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6550: 6549: 6546: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6523: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6510: 6507: 6506: 6505: 6502: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6489: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6476: 6473: 6472: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6405: 6404: 6401: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6378: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6365: 6362: 6361: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6343: 6340: 6339: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6312: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6285: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6262: 6259: 6258: 6257: 6254: 6253: 6250: 6246: 6241: 6237: 6217: 6214: 6213: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6176:Discordianism 6174: 6172: 6171:Anthroposophy 6169: 6168: 6166: 6162: 6154: 6153: 6149: 6148: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6119:Mari religion 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6101: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6053: 6050: 6049: 6048: 6045: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6032: 6031: 6028: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6015: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6002: 5999: 5998: 5996: 5995: 5993: 5991: 5985: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5956:Neo-Theosophy 5954: 5953: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5925: 5922: 5921: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5894:New Acropolis 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5866: 5864: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5847: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5818: 5816: 5812: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5714: 5713: 5710: 5709: 5708: 5706: 5702: 5701: 5696: 5693: 5692: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5590: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5570: 5568: 5566: 5560: 5552: 5549: 5548: 5547: 5544: 5543: 5541: 5539:North African 5537: 5534: 5532: 5526: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5461: 5459: 5457: 5453: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5428: 5426: 5424: 5420: 5416: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5374: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5322: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5304: 5301: 5300: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5293:Kwakwakaʼwakw 5291: 5289: 5286: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5246: 5245: 5242: 5241: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5175: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5143: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5128: 5126: 5124: 5118: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5091: 5090: 5087: 5083: 5080: 5079: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5047: 5045: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5032: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5022: 5020: 5018: 5014: 5008: 5005: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4999:Austroasiatic 4996: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4979: 4978: 4975: 4971: 4970:Vattisen Yaly 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4957: 4956: 4952: 4949: 4948: 4946: 4944: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4931: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4906: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4889:Kirat Mundhum 4887: 4885: 4882: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4869: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4848: 4842: 4841: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4828: 4825: 4824: 4823: 4820: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4795: 4794: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4784: 4782: 4780: 4776: 4770: 4769: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4692: 4691: 4688: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4640: 4639: 4636: 4635: 4633: 4631: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4618: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4584: 4582: 4580: 4576: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4556: 4554: 4552: 4548: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4525: 4524: 4520: 4519: 4518: 4515: 4514: 4512: 4510: 4506: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4489: 4488: 4485: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4472: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4421: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4393: 4391: 4387: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4362: 4360: 4358: 4354: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4317: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4273: 4271: 4267: 4261: 4260: 4256: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4248:Milah Abraham 4246: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4222: 4219: 4218: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4186: 4185: 4182: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4167: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4147: 4146: 4143: 4142: 4140: 4138: 4134: 4128: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4075: 4072: 4071: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4021: 4018: 4017: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3980: 3979: 3976: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3958: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3916: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3906: 3905: 3904:Protestantism 3902: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3889: 3886: 3885: 3884: 3881: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3868: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3855: 3852: 3851: 3850: 3847: 3843: 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1843: 1842: 1837: 1833: 1823: 1820: 1812: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1788: 1787: 1783: 1778:This section 1776: 1772: 1767: 1766: 1761:Taoist ethics 1758: 1756: 1750: 1748: 1744: 1743: 1736: 1729:Shinto ethics 1726: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1707:Occam's razor 1704: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1688: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1665: 1659: 1653: 1643: 1641: 1638:According to 1635: 1625: 1621: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1597: 1587: 1585: 1584:Noachide Laws 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1563: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1552: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1526: 1524: 1519: 1514: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1497: 1487: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1472: 1467: 1463: 1458: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1431: 1426: 1422: 1417: 1415: 1409: 1408:Jewish ethics 1402:Jewish ethics 1399: 1397: 1393: 1392: 1387: 1383: 1375: 1374: 1370: 1367: 1366: 1362: 1359: 1358: 1354: 1351: 1350: 1346: 1343: 1342: 1338: 1337: 1336: 1334: 1330: 1329: 1324: 1320: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1296: 1286: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1267: 1265: 1259: 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section 512: 508: 503: 502: 494: 492: 491:Seven virtues 488: 484: 480: 475: 473: 469: 465: 464:virtue ethics 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 440: 438: 434: 430: 419: 416: 408: 398: 394: 388: 387: 382:This section 380: 376: 371: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 348: 337: 332: 331:has observed: 330: 329:Bhikkhu Bodhi 325: 323: 318: 314: 312: 308: 303: 300: 296: 292: 288: 282: 272: 270: 266: 262: 258: 253: 251: 246: 236: 233: 218: 208: 202: 200: 195: 190: 186: 181: 180: 171: 168: 160: 149: 146: 142: 139: 135: 132: 128: 125: 121: 118: – 117: 113: 112:Find sources: 106: 102: 96: 95: 90:This article 88: 84: 79: 78: 73: 71: 64: 63: 58: 57: 52: 47: 38: 37: 32: 27: 19: 11323: 11283: 11142:Martin Lings 11095:Emil Brunner 11085:Paul Tillich 11075:Martin Buber 10990:W K Clifford 10967:Afrikan Spir 10882:Thomas Chubb 10834:Early modern 10814:Adi Shankara 10727:Philosophers 10711:Natural evil 10627: 10603:Spiritualism 10578:Perennialism 10531:Metaphysical 10375:Antireligion 10250:Teleological 10173:Cosmological 10124:Baháʼí Faith 10089:Christianity 10048:Personal god 9861: 9817:Human rights 9801: 9760:After Virtue 9486:Schopenhauer 9260:Moral agency 9133:Common sense 9029:Universalism 8997:Expressivism 8977:Intuitionism 8948:Subjectivism 8893:Terraforming 8868:Professional 8080:Turkmenistan 8040:Saudi Arabia 7785:South Africa 7775:Sierra Leone 7580:Burkina Faso 7489:Names of God 7436:Unaffiliated 7391:Antireligion 7247:Universalism 7195:Assimilation 7060:Anthropology 6935:Supernatural 6930:Spirituality 6898:Sacred space 6886:Purification 6759:Denomination 6713: / 6521:Paleo-Balkan 6487:Mesopotamian 6327:Cook Islands 6298:Old Prussian 6211:UFO religion 6150: 6146:Zalmoxianism 6074:Neoshamanism 5931:Spiritualism 5814:Other ethnic 5703: 5529:Traditional 5489:Bongthingism 5377:Acoma Pueblo 5320:Mesoamerican 5017:Austronesian 4838: 4834:Neo-Buddhism 4766: 4762:Neo-Hinduism 4683:Swaminarayan 4521: 4470:Salvationist 4455:Confucianism 4306:Samaritanism 4276:Ali-Illahism 4257: 4124: 4118:Unitarianism 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Retrieved 3302: 3293: 3282:. Retrieved 3278: 3269: 3258:. Retrieved 3254: 3245: 3237: 3225: 3217: 3209: 3195: 3179: 3160: 3157:Bowker, John 3129: 3126:Bowker, John 3090: 3084: 3071: 3063: 3060: 3055: 3047: 3042: 3033: 3028:(2016) p 89. 3025: 3021: 3016: 2997: 2992:36(1), 65-85 2989: 2984: 2972: 2967:, p. 7. 2960: 2948: 2936: 2931:, p. 5. 2924: 2912: 2900: 2888: 2876: 2864: 2852: 2841:, retrieved 2831: 2770:. 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9635:(c. 322 BC) 9501:Kierkegaard 9320:Stewardship 9097:Rousseauian 9014:Rationalism 8926:Cognitivism 8873:Programming 8848:Meat eating 8821:Engineering 8531:New Zealand 8468:Saint Lucia 8418:El Salvador 8323:Switzerland 8258:Netherlands 8030:Philippines 7958:South Korea 7953:North Korea 7843:Afghanistan 7790:South Sudan 7680:Ivory Coast 7464:Deification 7411:Objectivism 7386:Agnosticism 7339:Persecution 7329:Video games 7294:Populations 7205:Proselytism 7173:Monasticism 7164:Clericalism 7154:Agriculture 7145:and society 7110:Soteriology 7070:Comparative 7040:Transtheism 7025:Panentheism 6809:Monasticism 6602:Gallo-Roman 6504:Micronesian 6470:Manichaeism 6418:Hermeticism 6386:Continental 6381:Anglo-Saxon 6261:Paleolithic 6256:Prehistoric 6206:Scientology 6069:Italo-Roman 5924:Radha Soami 5904:New Thought 5744:Espiritismo 5685:Waaqeffanna 5625:Fon and Ewe 5563:Sub-Saharan 5446:Satsana Phi 5215:Ghost Dance 5173:Californian 5141:Anishinaabe 5067:Karo Pemena 5046:Indonesian 4720:Lingayatism 4668:Mahanubhava 4638:Vaishnavism 4569:Jeungsanism 4492:Folk Taoism 4475:Xiantiandao 4329:Zoroastrian 3988:Charismatic 3983:Pentecostal 3946:Anglicanism 3897:Waldensians 3832:Catholicism 2941:Dundas 2002 2512:Chapter VII 2455:Chapter VII 2196:Buddhaghosa 2031:Golden Rule 1895:Wiccan Rede 1546:Golden Rule 1480:natural law 1457:tradition. 1382:guņa vratas 1289:Jain ethics 1129:materialism 1109:John Kelsay 1065:Varnasramas 1045:Purushartha 910:(courage), 900:Manusamhita 861:नीतिशास्त्र 812:Anglo-Saxon 677:') and 291:enlightened 11369:Categories 11132:J L Mackie 11090:Karl Barth 10887:David Hume 10809:Maimonides 10794:Heraclitus 10583:Polytheism 10553:Nondualism 10541:Humanistic 10526:Naturalism 10516:Monotheism 10474:Henotheism 10469:Gnosticism 10400:Demonology 10283:747 gambit 10200:Experience 10038:Misotheism 9531:Bonhoeffer 9240:Immorality 9183:Eudaimonia 9143:Conscience 9138:Compassion 9024:Skepticism 9019:Relativism 8936:Naturalism 8916:Absolutism 8888:Technology 8738:Deontology 8521:Micronesia 8398:Costa Rica 8293:San Marino 8253:Montenegro 8233:Luxembourg 8090:Uzbekistan 8065:Tajikistan 7970:Kyrgyzstan 7943:Kazakhstan 7893:East Timor 7863:Bangladesh 7853:Azerbaijan 7770:Seychelles 7735:Mozambique 7720:Mauritania 7705:Madagascar 7595:Cape Verde 7377:irreligion 7372:Secularism 7274:Minorities 7242:Toleration 7237:Syncretism 7222:Fanaticism 7212:Disability 7200:Missionary 7190:Conversion 7178:Ordination 7100:Psychology 7095:Philosophy 7035:Polytheism 7015:Monotheism 7010:Henotheism 6851:Orthopraxy 6841:Ordination 6804:Meditation 6799:Indigenous 6764:Entheogens 6749:Conversion 6575:Pueblo III 6492:Babylonian 6482:Melanesian 6408:Gnosticism 6293:Lithuanian 6186:Fourth Way 6040:Circassian 6018:Dievturība 5941:Tensegrity 5874:Falun Gong 5519:Sanamahism 5499:Donyi-Polo 5089:Polynesian 5035:Kaharingan 4960:Burkhanism 4899:Ravidassia 4877:Śvetāmbara 4663:Pushtimarg 4643:Krishnaism 4579:Vietnamese 4564:Cheondoism 4497:Yao Taoism 4433:East Asian 4199:Isma'ilism 4155:Maturidism 3934:Mennonites 3929:Hutterites 3914:Anabaptism 3807:Humanistic 3308:2019-07-13 3284:2019-07-13 3260:2019-07-13 2965:Tukol 1976 2953:Jaini 2000 2929:Tukol 1976 2772:2023-02-09 2604:, pp 35-46 2501:, pp 35-37 2418:, pp 52-55 2239:2020-01-18 2198:) and the 2058:References 1982:Ashem Vohu 1943:compassion 1859:the act of 1656:See also: 1494:See also: 1462:Maimonides 1421:Oral Torah 1391:Sallekhana 1373:Aparigraha 1323:mahavratas 1308:sallekhana 1205:monotheism 1192:world view 1093:See also: 1004:Aparigraha 938:(wisdom), 896:upanishads 614:Mao Zedong 458:, and the 446:and three 351:See also: 285:Ethics in 265:revelation 215:March 2016 127:newspapers 56:improve it 11232:Loyal Rue 10957:Karl Marx 10779:Gaudapada 10608:Shamanism 10573:Pantheism 10558:Nontheism 10536:Religious 10521:Mysticism 10494:Christian 10484:Religious 10435:Atheistic 10430:Christian 10313:Nonbelief 10298:Free will 10114:Mormonism 9938:Afterlife 9792:Casuistry 9704:Either/Or 9611:Korsgaard 9606:Azurmendi 9571:MacIntyre 9511:Nietzsche 9441:Augustine 9436:Confucius 9416:Aristotle 9392:Ethicists 9350:Intrinsic 9315:Suffering 9225:Happiness 9198:Free will 9178:Etiquette 9123:Authority 9067:Epicurean 9062:Confucian 9057:Christian 8992:Emotivism 8816:Discourse 8753:Pragmatic 8725:Normative 8639:Venezuela 8584:Argentina 8501:Australia 8453:Nicaragua 8428:Guatemala 8228:Lithuania 8050:Sri Lanka 8045:Singapore 8025:Palestine 7913:Indonesia 7903:Hong Kong 7725:Mauritius 7446:Overviews 7401:Criticism 7354:Sectarian 7344:Terrorism 7319:Theocracy 7264:Happiness 7232:Pluralism 7217:Education 7143:Religion 7115:Salvation 7105:Sociology 7050:Religious 7030:Pantheism 7020:Nontheism 6913:Mountains 6891:Sacrifice 6846:Orthodoxy 6836:Mythology 6831:Mysticism 6720:Behaviour 6629:Canaanite 6612:Mithraism 6580:Pueblo IV 6570:Pueblo II 6475:Mazdakism 6450:Hungarian 6423:Mysteries 6332:Dravidian 6114:Hungarian 6030:Caucasian 6001:Godianism 5961:Agni Yoga 5951:Theosophy 5914:Rastafari 5889:Modekngei 5869:Brahmoism 5862:Syncretic 5854:movements 5852:religious 5764:Quimbanda 5712:Candomblé 5705:Diasporic 5484:Bathouism 5474:Benzhuism 5394:Tsimshian 5340:Purépecha 5261:Longhouse 5219:Sun Dance 5168:Blackfoot 5156:Wabunowin 5151:Midewiwin 5072:Malaysian 5062:Kapitayan 4872:Digambara 4857:Ayyavazhi 4822:Vajrayana 4787:Theravada 4700:Ganapatya 4673:Ramanandi 4602:Hoahaoism 4480:Yiguandao 4375:Yarsanism 4370:Shabakism 4357:Yazdânism 4347:Zurvanism 4342:Mazdaznan 4301:Rastafari 4296:Mandaeism 4170:Wahhabism 4150:Ash'arism 4113:Tolstoyan 4103:Spiritual 4093:Mormonism 4064:Judaizers 4037:Quakerism 4015:Methodist 4005:Irvingism 3956:Calvinism 3909:Adventism 3892:Moravians 3729:Abrahamic 3638:25434252M 3470:Ahmedabad 3435:(2004) , 3331:The Jains 3328:(2002) , 3066:, 207-234 2905:Long 2009 2762:1300-0373 2319:Xii.163); 2063:Citations 1923:reverence 1866:passivity 1864:. Taoist 1809:June 2012 1780:does not 1534:Maccabean 1466:Aristotle 1455:Christian 1319:anuvratas 1312:Karnataka 1174:manliness 1134:jahiliyya 1034:Pranidhan 1030:Swadhyaya 981:Al Biruni 880:Apastamba 869:P.V. Kane 757:June 2019 728:does not 675:sincerity 545:June 2012 516:does not 405:June 2012 307:Pancasila 257:religions 252:conduct. 199:summarize 157:June 2012 62:talk page 11354:Category 11299:Religion 11289:Exegesis 10774:Boethius 10769:Averroes 10764:Avicenna 10746:medieval 10716:Theodicy 10563:Pandeism 10479:Humanism 10447:Thealogy 10390:Dharmism 10360:Acosmism 10352:Theology 10220:Morality 10215:Miracles 10094:Hinduism 10084:Buddhism 10043:Pandeism 10018:Demiurge 9986:Theodicy 9882:Category 9822:Ideology 9787:Axiology 9616:Nussbaum 9566:Frankena 9561:Anscombe 9551:Williams 9506:Sidgwick 9426:Valluvar 9421:Diogenes 9406:Socrates 9330:Theodicy 9325:Sympathy 9290:Pacifism 9280:Morality 9193:Fidelity 9173:Equality 9128:Autonomy 9116:Concepts 9077:Feminist 9052:Buddhist 8982:Nihilism 8921:Axiology 8878:Research 8811:Computer 8806:Business 8665:Category 8629:Suriname 8619:Paraguay 8604:Colombia 8511:Kiribati 8438:Honduras 8408:Dominica 8383:Barbados 8348:Scotland 8308:Slovenia 8303:Slovakia 8278:Portugal 8148:Bulgaria 8070:Thailand 8020:Pakistan 8000:Mongolia 7995:Maldives 7990:Malaysia 7878:Cambodia 7825:Zimbabwe 7800:Tanzania 7650:Ethiopia 7645:Eswatini 7625:Djibouti 7590:Cameroon 7575:Botswana 7519:Timeline 7514:Scholars 7474:Founders 7334:Violence 7289:Politics 7159:Business 7122:Theology 6866:Prophecy 6856:Paganism 6744:Covenant 6711:Apostasy 6646:Scythian 6587:Rapa Nui 6541:Thracian 6536:Illyrian 6526:Albanian 6497:Sumerian 6440:Harappan 6376:Germanic 6371:Georgian 6364:Selk'nam 6349:Etruscan 6337:Egyptian 6315:Druidism 6278:Armenian 6201:Satanism 6181:Eckankar 6104:Estonian 6089:Romanian 6079:Ossetian 6059:Germanic 6008:Armenian 5997:African 5990:paganism 5919:Sant Mat 5909:Rajneesh 5884:Meivazhi 5879:Japanese 5836:Siberian 5769:Santería 5739:Convince 5605:Bushongo 5509:Kiratism 5436:Hmongism 5303:Wocekiye 5288:Jivaroan 5244:Cherokee 5239:Iroquois 5234:Ho-Chunk 5123:American 5094:Hawaiian 5007:Sarnaism 4977:Tungusic 4965:Tengrism 4955:Mongolic 4884:Sarnaism 4815:Nichiren 4792:Mahayana 4779:Buddhism 4757:Sant Mat 4747:Sauraism 4742:Smartism 4737:Shaktism 4730:Balinese 4715:Kaumaram 4710:Kapalika 4705:Kashmiri 4690:Shaivism 4630:Hinduism 4597:Caodaism 4541:Ryukyuan 4536:Tenrikyo 4531:Shugendō 4509:Japanese 4380:Yazidism 4365:Ishikism 4243:Quranism 4216:Khawarij 4165:Salafism 4160:Atharism 4049:Esoteric 4020:Holiness 4010:Lutheran 3971:Reformed 3951:Baptists 3924:Brethren 3888:Hussites 3876:Assyrian 3792:Haymanot 3746:Orthodox 3695:Religion 3657:Berfrois 3496:(1925), 3462:(1976), 3412:(2009), 3188:Archived 3159:(1997). 3128:(1997). 3107:Archived 3006:Archived 2837:archived 2766:Archived 2515:Archived 2458:Archived 2272:Archived 2233:archived 2082:Archived 2079:"Ethics" 2041:Morality 1989:See also 1931:humility 1874:the real 1677:humanism 1568:idolatry 1530:Hasidean 1523:Ben Sira 1443:halakhic 1425:tractate 1396:Santhara 1245:— 1224:31:18-19 1218:— 1061:Ashramas 1020:Santosha 857:Sanskrit 824:Hinduism 804:Theodism 703:legalism 679:fidelity 489:and the 287:Buddhism 259:have an 11325:more... 11058:postwar 10741:Ancient 10629:more... 10548:New Age 10489:Secular 10459:Fideism 10410:Dualism 10380:Atheism 10370:Animism 10276:Against 10119:Sikhism 10109:Judaism 10104:Jainism 10013:Brahman 9966:Miracle 9780:Related 9526:Tillich 9491:Bentham 9466:Spinoza 9461:Aquinas 9446:Mencius 9360:Western 9335:Torture 9300:Precept 9255:Loyalty 9250:Liberty 9245:Justice 9158:Dignity 9148:Consent 9092:Kantian 9082:Islamic 9045:Schools 8931:Realism 8863:Nursing 8858:Medical 8843:Machine 8783:Applied 8634:Uruguay 8609:Ecuador 8589:Bolivia 8566:Vanuatu 8493:Oceania 8443:Jamaica 8423:Grenada 8378:Bahamas 8338:England 8328:Ukraine 8283:Romania 8243:Moldova 8203:Ireland 8198:Iceland 8193:Hungary 8183:Germany 8173:Finland 8168:Estonia 8163:Denmark 8158:Czechia 8153:Croatia 8138:Belgium 8133:Belarus 8128:Austria 8123:Andorra 8118:Albania 8095:Vietnam 8005:Myanmar 7980:Lebanon 7898:Georgia 7858:Bahrain 7848:Armenia 7810:Tunisia 7780:Somalia 7765:Senegal 7750:Nigeria 7740:Namibia 7730:Morocco 7695:Liberia 7690:Lesotho 7640:Eritrea 7610:Comoros 7585:Burundi 7560:Algeria 7504:Outline 7469:Deities 7396:Atheism 7309:Science 7227:Freedom 7085:History 7052:studies 7005:Dualism 6995:Animism 6960:Worship 6940:Symbols 6881:Liturgy 6794:Goddess 6754:Deities 6735:Laicism 6725:Beliefs 6704:Aspects 6676:Zapotec 6671:Vainakh 6639:Yahwism 6624:Semitic 6553:Iranian 6455:Hurrian 6445:Hittite 6435:Guanche 6428:Orphism 6359:Fuegian 6354:Finnish 6342:Atenism 6288:Latvian 6273:Arabian 6216:Raëlism 6196:Jediism 6191:Goddess 6164:De novo 6052:Druidry 5946:Thelema 5899:New Age 5784:Umbanda 5675:Tumbuka 5660:Odinala 5645:Lugbara 5565:African 5531:African 5479:Bimoism 5469:Burmese 5315:Mapuche 5281:Wyandot 5224:Guarani 5205:Choctaw 5200:Chilote 5136:Alaskan 5131:Abenaki 5082:Tagalog 5055:Kejawèn 4904:Sikhism 4867:Jainism 4827:Tibetan 4810:Amidism 4678:Warkari 4592:Đạo Mẫu 4442:Chinese 4424:Eastern 4401:Roshani 4320:Iranian 4228:Alevism 4221:Ibadism 4194:Zaydism 3871:Ancient 3842:Eastern 3802:Renewal 3787:Karaite 3768:Zionist 3756:Hasidic 3738:Judaism 3720:Western 3506:], 3319:Sources 3234:Stewart 3197:Harvest 2051:Worship 2046:Neetham 1965:Ashavan 1947:dualism 1801:removed 1786:sources 1468:(e.g., 1447:Mishnah 1439:aggadah 1170:muruwwa 1111:in the 1059:); (3) 1009:Niyamas 945:akrodha 904:dharmic 888:dharmic 832:Niyamas 749:removed 734:sources 647:), and 633:Chinese 625:honesty 618:Mencius 609:jiān ài 596:Chinese 537:removed 522:sources 479:Aquinas 261:ethical 141:scholar 11344:Portal 10618:Theism 10511:Monism 10245:Reason 10195:Desire 10190:Degree 10158:Beauty 10072:God in 10028:Egoism 9981:Spirit 9771:(1984) 9763:(1981) 9755:(1979) 9747:(1971) 9739:(1903) 9731:(1887) 9723:(1874) 9715:(1861) 9707:(1843) 9699:(1820) 9691:(1788) 9683:(1785) 9675:(1780) 9667:(1759) 9659:(1740) 9651:(1726) 9643:(1677) 9601:Taylor 9586:Parfit 9581:Singer 9556:Mackie 9431:Cicero 9372:Virtue 9305:Rights 9230:Honour 9087:Jewish 8883:Sexual 8791:Animal 8773:Virtue 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