747:
340:" is a type of music which is committed to social good. Its musical and lyrical vernacular is rooted in the popular classes and often uses a popularly understood style of satire to advocate for sociopolitical change. The movement reacted against the dominance of American and European music in Latin America at the time by assuming an anti-imperial stance that was markedly less focused on the visual spectacle of commercial music and more focused on social and political messages. It characteristically talks about
764:
613:(DICAP), a socially-conscious record label that grew in its five years of operation from a 4,000 record operation in 1968 to pressing over 240,000 records in 1973. DICAP united the various groups of young people wishing to spread Nueva Cancion at a time when U.S. music dominated chiefly commercial radio fare. "DICAP was a key counterhegemonic institution that broke through the censorship and silence imposed by the conservative cultural entities of the elite."
664:
times. His wife Joan Jara writes, "where his belly ought to have been was a gory, gaping void". Because of his popularity and fame in the music world, Jara is the most well-known victim of a regime that killed or "disappeared" at least 3,065 people and tortured more than 38,000, bringing the number of victims to 40,018. Other musicians, such as
Patricio Manns and groups Inti-Illimani and Quilapayún, found safety outside the country. Under
822:. Additional censorship, intimidation, and persecution forced many artists into exile where they had more freedom to publicize and criticize the events unfolding in Latin America. Sosa, for example, participated in the first Amnesty International concert in London in 1979, and also performed in Israel, Canada, Colombia, and Brazil while continuing to record.
696:. Because of the precarious political circumstances in which it existed, canto nuevo is notable for its use of highly metaphorical language, allowing songs to evade censors by disguising political messages beneath layers of symbolism. Live performances often included spoken introductions or interludes that provided insight into the song's real meaning.
826:
drum set, bass guitar, electric keyboard, brass ensembles, backup singers, string instruments (especially double bass and violin), and stylistic and harmonic influences from the soundscapes of classical, jazz, pop, rock, and punk. Collaborations became increasingly common, especially between proponents of Nuevo
Cancionero and the ideologically similar
783:. The body of the document outlines the goal of the movement: the development of a national song that overcome the dominance of tango-folklore in Argentine national music and the rejection of pure commercialism. Instead Nuevo Cancionero sought to embrace of institutions that encouraged critical thinking and the open exchange of ideas.
775:
especially was a musico-literal. Writers like
Armando Tejada Gomez were highly influential and made substantial contributions to the movement in the form of original poetry. The Manifesto's introduction places the roots of Nuevo Cancionero in the rediscovery of folk music and indigenous traditions to the work of folklorists
704:
movement facilitated the gathering of its participants at events such as the
Congreso de Artistas y Trabajadores (Conference of Artists and Workers) in 1983. The canto nuevo repertoire began to diversify, incorporating cosmopolitan influences such as electronic instruments, classical harmonies, and jazz influences.
825:
After the fall of the dictatorship in 1983, Argentine artists returned and performed massive comeback concerts that regularly filled sports areas and public parks with tens of thousands of people. Influences from time spent in exile abroad were clear through sample of instruments like the harmonica,
663:
overthrew
Allende's democratic government, bombing the presidential palace. Pinochet's forces then rounded up 5,000 civilians into a soccer stadium for interrogation, torture, and execution. Victor Jara was beaten, tortured, and his wrists were broken, after several days he was executed and shot 44
1043:(The Sixteen Judges, in Catalan). Their first concert, although still not with this name, was on 19 December 1961, in Barcelona. Their first performance with the name of Els Setze Jutges was in Premià de Mar in 1962. New singers joined the group in the following years, until the number of sixteen (
837:
died, millions flooded the streets as her body lay in official state in the
National Cathedral, an honor reserved for only the most prominent of national icons. While the community of musicians actively composing in the Nuevo Cancionero tradition is small, recordings and covers of Nuevo Cancionero
484:
began occurring in the late 1950s. The earliest were in Chile and Spain, where the movement promoted
Catalan language and culture. The music quickly spread to Argentina and throughout Latin America during the 1960s and 1970s. Various national movements used their own terminology; however, the term
703:
forced
Chilean television stations to hire cheaper Chilean performers rather than international stars for broadcast bookings, while a relaxation in government restrictions allowed canto nuevo performers to participate in several major popular music festivals. Increasing public recognition of the
683:
By late 1975, artists had begun to circumvent these restrictions through so-called "Andean
Baroque" ensembles that performed standards of the Western classical repertoire on indigenous South American instruments. These performances took place in the politically neutral environments of churches,
1034:
At the suggestion of Josep Benet i de Joan and
Maurici Serrahima, a group composed of Jaume Armengol, Lluís Serrahima and Miquel Porter started composing Catalan songs. In 1959, after an article by Lluís Serrahima, titled "Ens calen cançons d’ara" ("We need songs for today"), was published in
960:
The Castro administration gave plenty of support to musicians willing to write and sing anti-U.S. imperialism or pro-revolution songs, an asset in an era when many traditional musicians were finding it difficult or impossible to earn a living. In 1967 the Casa de las Américas in Havana held a
774:
In Argentina, the movement was founded under the name Nuevo Cancionero and formally codified on 11 February 1963 when fourteen artists met in Mendoza, Argentina to sign the Manifiesto Fundacional de Nuevo Cancionero. Present were both musical artists and poet writers. The Argentine movement
521:
684:
community centers, and the few remaining peñas. For this reason, and because of the novelty of the concept, these performances were allowed to continue without government interference. Performers gradually grew bolder, incorporating some of old
1078:, who received the Spanish Critics' Award in 1966, or other new members of Els Setze Jutges. Some of them were even well known abroad. Apart from Raimon, other former members of Els Setze Jutges continued their careers successfully, including
608:
to raise funds for the band's travel to the International Youth Festival in Bulgaria. The copies sold out unexpectedly, a strong demonstration of the popular demand for this new music. In response, La Jota (Juventudes Comunistas) created
733:
as curfewed residents began performing the music of Violeta Parra and Victor Jara and soon major artists began adapting and writing politically motivated music backing the protests and critical of the Piñera government.
673:
recordings were seized, burned, and banned from the airwaves and record stores. The military government exiled and imprisoned artists and went as far as to ban many traditional Andean instruments in order to suppress the
433:
Songs of conflict in Spanish have a very long history, with elements to be found in the "fronterizos", songs concerning the Reconquest of Spain from the Moors in the 15th century. More immediately, some of the roots of
187:
is widely recognized to have played a profound role in the pro-democracy social upheavals in Portugal, Spain and Latin America during the 1970s and 1980s, and was popular amongst socialist organizations in the region.
1922:"La Reforma Agraria" (Agricultural reform), "Duro con él" (I survive with him), "Ya ganamos la pelea" (At last we won the fight) and "Son de la alfabetización" were some of Puebla's compositions at this time.
798:
singled her out on stage as a budding talent. In 1967, Sosa completed her first international tour in the United States and Europe. Other notable Nuevo Cancionero artists of this time included Tito Francia,
908:
idioms with 'progressive' and often politicized lyrics that concentrate on socialism, injustice, sexism, colonialism, racism and similar 'serious' issues. Occasional examples of non-political styles in the
542:, together with her children, gathered a total of 3,000 songs of peasant origin, and also released a book known as "Cantos Folklóricos Chilenos" (Chilean Folk Songs). In addition, Violeta's children
1008:
fell in the Spanish Civil War. Artists used the Catalan language to assert Catalan identity in popular music and denounce the injustices of the Franco regime. Musically, it had roots in the French
1031:. They are now considered the first recordings of modern music in the Catalan language. These singers, as well as others such as Font Sellabona and Rudy Ventura, form a prelude to the Nova Cançó.
690:
repertoire, though carefully avoiding overtly political topics. Artists began calling this music "Canto Nuevo", a term selected to both reference and distance the new movement from the former
1342:
1558:
1531:
2118:
475:'s Decreto 3371/1949 de Protección de la Música Nacional and Law No. 14,226, which required that half of the music played on the radio or performed live be of national origin.
420:
was explicitly related to leftist politics, advancing leftist ideals and flourishing within the structure of the Communist Party in Latin America. Cuban cultural organization
1067:
811:
to pursue a solo career. In 1969 he set the poetry of Armando Tejada Gomez to produce "Canción para todos", an anthem later designated by UNESCO the hymn of Latin America.
610:
1023:, whom he called "the troubadour of our times." Espinàs had begun to translate some of Brassens' songs into Catalan. In 1958, two EPs of songs in Catalan were released:
1159:
and the Creation of a Revolutionary Moment. In From Tejano to the Tango: Popular Musics of Latin America, Walter A. Clark, editor, pp. 41-69. New York: Routledge. 2002.
1052:
465:
were two transitional figures as their mastery of folk music and personal involvement in leftist political organizations aided the eventual union of the two in
551:
554:, an organization that functioned as an organizing center for leftist political activism, and welcomed almost all of the major figures associated with early
1079:
1071:
962:
2101:"Socially conscious music forming the social conscience: Nicaraguan Musica Testimonial and the creation of a revolutionary moment" by T.M. Scruggs; in
322:
has become part of Latin American and Iberian musical tradition, but is no longer a mainstream genre, and has given way to other genres, particularly
1533:"Classified U.S. State Department Documents on the Overthrow of Chilean President Salvador Allende, 1973." In Voices of the U.S. Latino Experience
1116:) musicians are attributed with transmitting social and political messages, and aiding in the ideological mobilisation of the populace during the
1055:. The first Nova Cançó records appeared in 1962, and many musical bands, vocal groups, singer-songwriters, and interpreters picked up the trend.
699:
As the 1980s arrived, advances in recording technology allowed supporters to informally exchange cassettes outside of the governmental control.
1338:
239:
movements due to political lyrics. It would gain great popularity throughout Latin America, and left an imprint on several other genres like
1675:
598:
moved out of small gathering places like Peña de los Parra in 1968 when the Communist Youth Party of Chile pressed 1000 copies of the album
1560:"The Extradition of Chilean General Augusto Pinochet: Justice Delayed?" In History Behind the Headlines: The Origins of Conflicts Worldwide
1315:
660:
2150:
497:
is often considered a Pan-Latino phenomenon, national manifestations were varied and reacted to local political and cultural contexts.
2037:
1039:, more authors and singers were attracted to the movement. Miquel Porter, Josep Maria Espinàs and Remei Margarit founded the group
973:
wrote "Oh, valeroso Viet Nam". Institutions like the Grupo de Experimentación Sonora del ICAIC (GES) while not directly working in
1785:
404:. The lyrics are typically in Spanish, with some indigenous or local words mixed in, and frequently utilize the poetic forms of
217:. The musical style emerged shortly afterwards in other areas of Latin America where it came to be known under similar names.
3287:
1721:
1568:
1541:
1388:
491:" was adopted at the 1967 Encuentro de la Canción Protesta and has thereafter been used as an all-encompassing term. Though
919:, whose lyrics are focused on more traditional subjects such as love and solitude albeit in a highly poetical style. Later
1610:
1751:
223:
renewed traditional Latin American folk music, and was soon associated with revolutionary movements, the Latin American
3313:
547:
191:
Songs reflecting conflict have a long history in Spanish, and in Latin America were particularly associated with the "
2112:
2047:
1988:
1502:
573:
2534:
1231:
Novel, Pepa (2009). "Cantautores Catalanas: De la Nova Canco a la Nova Canco D'ara. El paso y el peso del pasado".
961:
Festival de la canción de protesta (protest songs). Much of the effort was spent applauding anti-U.S. expressions.
716:
1404:
González, Juan Pablo; Jan Fairley. "Part II The Industry: 16. Recording: Record Labels/Companies: DICAP (Chile)".
648:
artists were utilized as a pro-Allende public relations machine inside and outside of Chile. By 1971, groups like
3323:
957:
singers who added their weight to the new regime, but of the two only Puebla wrote special pro-revolution songs.
819:
290:
457:
developed in the historical context of the "folklore boom" that occurred in Latin America in the 1950s. Chilean
2143:
2096:
2072:
1963:
724:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3280:
17:
2005:
1270:
3318:
970:
1698:
1339:"El olvido en que cayó la histórica casa que acogió la Peña de los Parra « Diario y Radio U Chile"
779:
and Buenaventura Luna and the internal urban migration that brought rural Argentines to the capital of
904:, but differs from it because its content is, in the widest sense, political. It combines traditional
2779:
2136:
3308:
195:" songs of Mexico's War of Independence after 1810, and the early 20th century years of Revolution.
577:
629:
593:
530:
515:
3101:
1747:
1133:
381:
2389:
1303:
680:
movement. This period in Chilean history is known as the "Apagón Cultural" (Cultural Blackout).
421:
2091:
Brill, Mark. Music of Latin America and the Caribbean, 2nd Edition, 2018. Taylor & Francis
1807:
948:
286:
2907:
1070:
with the song "Se’n va anar" (" left"). Other important participants in the movement included
1016:
3194:
3189:
2369:
794:
introduced Nuevo Cancionero to new levels of public exposure after Argentine folk powerhouse
720:
266:
1889:
1121:
3328:
2764:
815:
580:, Homero Caro, Tito Fernández, and Kiko Álvarez, as well as non-Chilean musicians, such as
282:
262:
2341:
2298:
916:
711:
is enormous. Parra's music continues to be recorded by contemporary artists and her song "
8:
3126:
3121:
2784:
2444:
1083:
996:
The Nova Cançó was an artistic movement of the late 1950s that promoted Catalan music in
228:
2119:
The Case for a Culture International: Learning from the 20th Century Latin American Left
1637:
936:
791:
3066:
3027:
2459:
1476:
1468:
1248:
1191:
1091:
776:
746:
581:
462:
2994:
2706:
2692:
2554:
1366:
Cantores que reflexionan: notas para una historia personal de la nueva canción chilena
1059:
965:, a filín singer and author, wrote "¡Por Ángela!" in support of US political activist
569:
241:
3184:
3056:
2714:
2514:
2108:
2092:
2068:
2043:
1984:
1959:
1564:
1537:
1498:
1480:
1384:
1278:
1252:
712:
635:
600:
312:
303:
174:
2629:
2436:
2128:
890:
and enjoyed various degrees of state support throughout the late twentieth century.
800:
3046:
2419:
2414:
2269:
1458:
1240:
1183:
1020:
1001:
887:
665:
623:
585:
270:
165:
156:
2454:
1725:
940:
3158:
3146:
3131:
3076:
3071:
2942:
2922:
2892:
2872:
2840:
2794:
2749:
2682:
2662:
2657:
2634:
2201:
2102:
1611:"Agony of Chile's dark days continues as murdered poet's wife fights for justice"
997:
991:
808:
353:
278:
1495:
Music, Politics, and Nationalism in Latin America: Chile During the Cold War Era
1048:
833:
Nuevo Cancionero artists became symbols of a triumphant national identity. When
804:
369:
3168:
3163:
3096:
3061:
2957:
2884:
2820:
2789:
2744:
2734:
2719:
2287:
2264:
2216:
1095:
700:
561:
373:
2039:́Ens calen cançons d ́ara ́. Retrospectiva sobre la Nova Cançó a 50 anys vista
1757:
1463:
1446:
1244:
1087:
1075:
639:
616:
In 1969 the Universidad Cátolica in Santiago hosted the Primer Festival de la
565:
3302:
3249:
3239:
2952:
2927:
2902:
2815:
2774:
2331:
2259:
2229:
2224:
1447:"Canto Porque es Necesario Cantar: The New Song Movement in Chile, 1973-1983"
1282:
944:
834:
827:
795:
787:
767:
750:
708:
649:
539:
524:
458:
444:", which took on a strongly political flavour during the War of Independence
405:
307:
170:
707:
Though the genre is not especially active today, the legacy of figures like
653:
605:
472:
3254:
2917:
2835:
2830:
2729:
2724:
2667:
2564:
2504:
2481:
2346:
2323:
2293:
2168:
2160:
966:
880:
in other countries primarily functioned in opposition to existing regimes,
871:
780:
543:
365:
349:
250:
236:
2977:
1867:
1699:"Chile despertó, también su música: canciones inspiradas en la revolución"
626:'s 1970 presidential campaign was a major turning point in the history of
3275:
3219:
3199:
3091:
3051:
3006:
2984:
2972:
2845:
2759:
2677:
2649:
2581:
2576:
2524:
2336:
2181:
1210:
851:
377:
345:
2962:
2374:
2254:
2249:
1094:. Other significant figures appeared somewhat later, like the Valencian
814:
Nuevo cancionero artists were among the approximately 30,000 victims of
3259:
3141:
3086:
3001:
2989:
2754:
2739:
2409:
2379:
2351:
1472:
1195:
1117:
926:
905:
178:
51:
2424:
2244:
1266:
763:
393:
3023:
2857:
2810:
2769:
2687:
2496:
2486:
2464:
2384:
2361:
2308:
2303:
1584:
1005:
930:
202:
3234:
3214:
3153:
2937:
1187:
1155:
Socially Conscious Music Forming the Social Conscience: Nicaraguan
409:
302:
songs have been used in later political campaigns, for example the
3136:
2967:
2947:
2932:
2912:
2867:
2672:
2619:
2596:
2586:
2549:
2509:
2471:
2313:
2239:
2234:
2196:
2186:
397:
274:
224:
2274:
505:
401:
169:; 'new song') is a left-wing social movement and musical genre in
3224:
3204:
2571:
2544:
2476:
2449:
2176:
1762:
1676:""El derecho de vivir en paz": Standing in solidarity with Chile"
1009:
441:
341:
210:
1958:(in Catalan). Barcelona: Enciclopèdia catalana. pp. 52–55.
870:
is distinct because of its function within and support from the
430:
musicians, including the 1967 Encuentro de la Canción Protesta.
3038:
2897:
2852:
2825:
2603:
2591:
2559:
2191:
1063:
1027:("The Serrano Sisters Sing International Hits in Catalan") and
979:, provided valuable musical training to amateur Cuban artists.
642:
were widely used in Allende rallies. After Allende's election,
385:
246:
232:
656:
were receiving financial support from the Allende government.
3229:
3209:
3081:
3018:
3013:
2862:
2639:
2624:
2281:
2206:
2067:(in Catalan). Barcelona: Enciclopèdia catalana. p. 255.
1983:(in Catalan). Barcelona: Enciclopèdia catalana. p. 260.
1311:
1025:
Hermanas Serrano cantan en catalán los éxitos internacionales
899:
737:
389:
214:
206:
2006:"José Guardiola, la voz que desafió la oscuridad franquista"
1890:"Mercedes Sosa, Who Sang of Argentina's Turmoil, Dies at 74"
634:. Many artists became involved in the campaign; songs like "
261:
musicians often faced censorship, exile, torture, death, or
3244:
1029:
José Guardiola: canta en catalán los éxitos internationales
520:
1661:
Chilean New Song: the Political Power of Music, 1960s-1973
1563:. Gale Virtual Reference Library: Gale. pp. 204–213.
1536:. Gale Virtual Reference Library: Gale. pp. 760–763.
27:
Musical genre in Iberian America and the Iberian peninsula
2065:
Diccionari de la Cançó. D'Els Setze Jutges al Rock Català
1981:
Diccionari de la Cançó: D'Els Setze Jutges al Rock Català
1956:
Diccionari de la Cançó. D'Els Setze Jutges al Rock Català
1427:. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. pp. 73, 75.
1383:. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. pp. 71–75.
1174:
Fairley, Jan (1984). "La Nueva Canción Latinoamericana".
1638:"Chile recognizes 9,800 more victims of Pinochet's rule"
201:
then surfaced almost simultaneously during the 1960s in
1124:
were probably the best known proponents of this style.
1519:. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. p. 49.
1336:
719:
in an effort to raise relief funds in the wake of the
2158:
1406:
Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World
1271:"Violeta Parra, gracias a la vida por sus canciones"
1004:
after public use of the language was forbidden when
2104:From tejano to tango: Latin American popular music
982:
943:became the most important exponents of the style.
471:. The movement was also aided by legislation like
1913:Orovio, Helio 2004. Cuban music from A to Z. p151
659:In 1973, the United States/CIA-backed right-wing
451:, and then the Revolution after 1910. The modern
3300:
1208:
841:
181:-inspired styles and socially committed lyrics.
1403:
296:Due to their strongly political messages, some
1847:Bach, Caleb (May–June 1996). "Mercedes Sosa".
1786:"Mercedes Sosa, un símbolo para su generación"
1585:"Jara v. Barrientos No. 6:13-cv-01426-RBD-GJK"
1425:Chilean New Song: The Political Power of Music
1381:Chilean New Song: The Political Power of Music
1211:"Equipo de trabajo de la Casa de las Américas"
1019:gave lectures on the French singer-songwriter
1000:. The movement sought to normalize use of the
2144:
1758:"Recording of Cosquin Folklore Festival 1965"
1275:El País : El Periódico Global en Español
1107:
974:
952:
920:
910:
897:
891:
881:
875:
864:
857:
786:Nuevo Cancionero's most famous proponent was
754:
728:
691:
685:
675:
668:
643:
627:
617:
591:
555:
528:
492:
486:
479:
466:
452:
435:
425:
415:
359:
335:
317:
297:
256:
218:
196:
182:
142:
35:
3288:Hispanic-influenced music in the Philippines
1805:
1066:, were awarded the first prize of the Fifth
527:, one of the most recognized figures of the
2031:
2029:
2027:
2151:
2137:
1713:
1663:. Philadelphia: Temple UP. pp. 172–3.
500:
2035:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1722:"Manifiesto Fundacional de Nueva Canción"
1462:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1416:
1363:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1151:
1149:
915:movement can also be found, for example,
164:
2360:
2024:
1658:
1422:
1378:
1058:In 1963, a professional Catalan artist,
762:
753:from Argentina was among the very early
745:
519:
1556:
1514:
1372:
1173:
1122:Carlos Mejía Godoy y Los de Palacagüina
14:
3301:
2117:Mann, Jackson Albert, Patricia Manos.
2107:, 2002. Edited by Walter Aaron Clark.
2062:
2003:
1978:
1953:
1938:
1887:
1881:
1831:
1806:Ortiz Bandes, Gastón (19 April 2009).
1444:
1431:
1357:
1162:
1146:
838:classics remain popular in Argentina.
3037:
2132:
1783:
1609:Watts, Jonathan (10 September 2013).
1608:
1589:Center for Justice and Accountability
1529:
1265:
1230:
155:
2648:
1846:
1840:
1696:
1550:
1345:from the original on 22 October 2020
1836:. London: I.B. Tauris and Co., Ltd.
1719:
1233:Journal of Spanish Cultural Studies
727:have showed a strong resurgence of
725:protests that began in October 2019
24:
2085:
1755:
1673:
1364:Rodríguez, Osvaldo Gitano (1984).
1318:from the original on 25 April 2021
1176:Society for Latin American Studies
925:musicians were also influenced by
856:Of the regional manifestations of
424:hosted many notable gatherings of
329:
25:
3355:
1865:
896:has its roots in the traditional
273:and the Iberian peninsula in the
2004:Jurado, Miquel (12 April 2012).
1888:Rohter, Larry (5 October 2009).
1635:
807:, who left the folk music group
2056:
2036:De Castro, Javier, ed. (2010).
1997:
1972:
1925:
1916:
1907:
1859:
1825:
1799:
1777:
1740:
1690:
1667:
1652:
1629:
1602:
1577:
1530:Acuña, Rodolfo F., ed. (2008).
1523:
1508:
1487:
1397:
291:Videla and Galtieri's Argentina
1451:Latin American Research Review
1330:
1296:
1259:
1224:
1202:
13:
1:
1808:"Cróncias del poeta descalzo"
1678:. Glasgow University Magazine
1659:McSherry, J. Patrice (2015).
1379:McSherry, J. Patrice (2015).
1139:
715:" was recorded by supergroup
445:
1931:Linares, María Teresa 1981.
1423:McSherry, J Patrice (2015).
1337:Radio Universidad de Chile.
1101:
818:under Argentina's 1976–1983
550:founded the cultural center
440:may be seen in the Mexican "
7:
1127:
1082:, Francesc Pi de la Serra,
1068:Mediterranean Song Festival
478:National manifestations of
10:
3360:
1497:. Amherst: Cambria Press.
1114:Nueva canción nicaragüense
989:
849:
790:. Her success at the 1965
611:Discoteca de Canto Popular
513:
271:swept across Latin America
265:by the wave of right-wing
3314:Argentine styles of music
3268:
3177:
3114:
2883:
2803:
2705:
2612:
2533:
2495:
2435:
2402:
2322:
2215:
2167:
2042:. Universitat de Lleida.
1464:10.1017/S0023879100015995
1245:10.1080/14636200902990679
1108:
975:
953:
921:
911:
898:
892:
882:
876:
865:
858:
792:Cosquin Folklore Festival
755:
729:
692:
686:
676:
669:
644:
628:
618:
592:
556:
529:
493:
487:
480:
467:
453:
436:
426:
416:
384:. Most songs feature the
360:
336:
143:
83:
78:
73:
68:
60:
43:
36:
34:
1557:Manning, Deanna (2001).
971:César Portillo de la Luz
166:[ˈnweβakanˈsjon]
157:[ˈnweβakanˈθjon]
2063:Pujadó, Miquel (2000).
1979:Pujadó, Miquel (2000).
1954:Pujadó, Miquel (2000).
1935:. La Habana, Cuba. p182
1341:(in European Spanish).
1134:List of socialist songs
1053:Francesc Pi de la Serra
721:2010 Chilean earthquake
501:Regional manifestations
382:Latin American folklore
354:Latin American identity
263:forceful disappearances
162:Latin American Spanish:
3324:Political music genres
1515:Mattern, Mark (1998).
1445:Morris, Nancy (1986).
1209:Casa de las Américas.
771:
760:
560:, including Chileans:
535:
318:
298:
267:military dictatorships
257:
219:
197:
183:
1933:La música y el pueblo
1832:Hedges, Jill (2011).
983:Spain and Catalonia:
820:military dictatorship
816:forced disappearances
766:
749:
630:Nueva Canción Chilena
619:Nueva Canción Chilena
594:Nueva Canción Chilena
531:Nueva Canción Chilena
523:
516:Nueva Canción Chilena
508:Nueva Canción Chilena
3344:1980s in Latin music
3339:1970s in Latin music
3334:1960s in Latin music
2159:Music genres in the
1015:In 1957, the writer
422:Casa de las Américas
352:, religion, and the
3122:Afro-Peruvian music
2445:Afro-Peruvian music
1697:Carvacho, Bárbara.
1314:. 1 December 2009.
1084:Maria del Mar Bonet
1062:, and a Valencian,
1017:Josep Maria Espinàs
584:from Argentina and
364:draws heavily upon
229:liberation theology
177:, characterized by
3319:Chilean folk music
3028:Charanga-vallenata
2460:Son de los Diablos
1728:on 27 January 2013
1493:Mularski, Jedrek.
1269:(4 October 2017).
1157:música testimonial
1092:Joan Manuel Serrat
886:emerged after the
777:Atahualpa Yupanqui
772:
770:performing in 1967
761:
701:An economic crisis
582:Atahualpa Yupanqui
536:
510:(New Chilean Song)
463:Atahualpa Yupanqui
287:Salazar's Portugal
3296:
3295:
3110:
3109:
2701:
2700:
2398:
2397:
1570:978-0-7876-4951-7
1543:978-0-313-34020-8
1517:Acting in Concert
1390:978-1-4399-1151-8
1080:Guillermina Motta
963:Tania Castellanos
949:Joseíto Fernández
917:Liuba María Hevia
872:Castro government
717:Artists for Chile
713:Gracias a la Vida
574:Patricio Castillo
572:, Payo Grondona,
552:Peña de los Parra
313:Gracias a la vida
304:Orange Revolution
175:Iberian Peninsula
151:
139:
138:
44:Stylistic origins
16:(Redirected from
3351:
3190:Canción melódica
3035:
3034:
2804:Traditional folk
2646:
2645:
2437:Peruvian coastal
2420:Paraguayan polka
2358:
2357:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2130:
2129:
2079:
2078:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2033:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1951:
1936:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1914:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1834:A Modern History
1829:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1724:. Archived from
1717:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1512:
1506:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1466:
1442:
1429:
1428:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1171:
1160:
1153:
1111:
1110:
1041:Els Setze Jutges
1021:Georges Brassens
1002:Catalan language
978:
977:
956:
955:
937:Silvio Rodríguez
924:
923:
914:
913:
903:
902:
895:
894:
888:Cuban Revolution
885:
884:
879:
878:
868:
867:
861:
860:
758:
757:
740:Nuevo Cancionero
732:
731:
695:
694:
689:
688:
679:
678:
672:
671:
666:Augusto Pinochet
647:
646:
633:
632:
624:Salvador Allende
621:
620:
597:
596:
559:
558:
534:
533:
496:
495:
490:
489:
483:
482:
470:
469:
456:
455:
450:
447:
439:
438:
429:
428:
419:
418:
388:, and often the
363:
362:
339:
338:
321:
301:
283:Pinochet's Chile
260:
222:
200:
186:
168:
163:
159:
154:
149:
146:
145:
61:Cultural origins
39:
38:
32:
31:
21:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3264:
3173:
3147:Afro-Cuban jazz
3132:Bomba del Chota
3106:
3033:
2879:
2799:
2697:
2693:Orquesta típica
2683:Uruguayan tango
2658:Argentine tango
2644:
2608:
2536:
2529:
2491:
2431:
2394:
2356:
2318:
2211:
2163:
2157:
2123:Socialist Forum
2088:
2086:Further reading
2083:
2082:
2075:
2061:
2057:
2050:
2034:
2025:
2015:
2013:
2002:
1998:
1991:
1977:
1973:
1966:
1952:
1939:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1898:
1896:
1886:
1882:
1872:
1870:
1864:
1860:
1845:
1841:
1830:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1804:
1800:
1790:
1788:
1782:
1778:
1768:
1766:
1756:Marbiz, Julio.
1752:Wayback Machine
1745:
1741:
1731:
1729:
1720:Francia, Tito.
1718:
1714:
1704:
1702:
1701:. POTQ Magazine
1695:
1691:
1681:
1679:
1672:
1668:
1657:
1653:
1643:
1641:
1634:
1630:
1620:
1618:
1607:
1603:
1593:
1591:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1571:
1555:
1551:
1544:
1528:
1524:
1513:
1509:
1492:
1488:
1443:
1432:
1421:
1417:
1402:
1398:
1391:
1377:
1373:
1362:
1358:
1348:
1346:
1335:
1331:
1321:
1319:
1304:"Violeta Parra"
1302:
1301:
1297:
1287:
1285:
1264:
1260:
1229:
1225:
1215:
1213:
1207:
1203:
1188:10.2307/3338257
1182:(2): 107–115 .
1172:
1163:
1154:
1147:
1142:
1130:
1104:
998:Francoist Spain
994:
988:
951:were long-time
854:
848:
809:Los Fronterizos
744:
570:Rolando Alarcón
518:
512:
503:
448:
344:, empowerment,
332:
330:Characteristics
324:rock en español
279:Francoist Spain
242:rock en español
161:
152:
135:
79:Regional scenes
56:
50:Latin American
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3357:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3169:Tropical music
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3043:
3041:
3032:
3031:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3010:
3009:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2889:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2855:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2711:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2654:
2652:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2630:Música cebolla
2627:
2622:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2552:
2547:
2541:
2539:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2501:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2441:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2417:
2412:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2366:
2364:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2328:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2288:Canary Islands
2284:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2265:Rumba flamenca
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2221:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2173:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2156:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2115:
2099:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2073:
2055:
2048:
2023:
1996:
1989:
1971:
1964:
1937:
1924:
1915:
1906:
1894:New York Times
1880:
1858:
1839:
1824:
1798:
1776:
1739:
1712:
1689:
1674:Hatzaw, Siam.
1666:
1651:
1636:Long, Gideon.
1628:
1617:. The Guardian
1601:
1576:
1569:
1549:
1542:
1522:
1507:
1486:
1430:
1415:
1396:
1389:
1371:
1368:. Madrid: LAR.
1356:
1329:
1310:(in Spanish).
1295:
1277:(in Spanish).
1267:López, Alberto
1258:
1239:(2): 135–147.
1223:
1201:
1161:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1129:
1126:
1103:
1100:
1096:Ovidi Montllor
1072:Guillem d'Efak
990:Main article:
987:
981:
933:of that time.
850:Main article:
847:
840:
801:Víctor Heredia
743:
742:(New Songbook)
736:
562:Patricio Manns
514:Main article:
511:
504:
502:
499:
461:and Argentine
331:
328:
137:
136:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
121:
118:
115:
112:
109:
106:
103:
100:
97:
94:
91:
88:
84:
81:
80:
76:
75:
71:
70:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
55:
54:
47:
45:
41:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3356:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3309:Nueva canción
3307:
3306:
3304:
3289:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3250:Spanish opera
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3240:Punto guajiro
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3029:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2816:Gaita zuliana
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2613:Southern Cone
2611:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2532:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2520:Nueva canción
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2260:Flamenco jazz
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2225:Catalan rumba
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2217:Spaniard folk
2214:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2161:Hispanosphere
2154:
2149:
2147:
2142:
2140:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2114:
2113:9780815336402
2110:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2076:
2070:
2066:
2059:
2051:
2049:9788484094418
2045:
2041:
2040:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2011:
2007:
2000:
1992:
1990:84-412-0467-5
1986:
1982:
1975:
1967:
1961:
1957:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1934:
1928:
1919:
1910:
1895:
1891:
1884:
1869:
1866:Gieco, Leon.
1862:
1854:
1850:
1843:
1835:
1828:
1813:
1809:
1802:
1787:
1780:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1753:
1749:
1743:
1727:
1723:
1716:
1700:
1693:
1677:
1670:
1662:
1655:
1639:
1632:
1616:
1612:
1605:
1590:
1586:
1580:
1572:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1553:
1545:
1539:
1535:
1534:
1526:
1518:
1511:
1504:
1503:9781604978889
1500:
1496:
1490:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1457:(2): 117–36.
1456:
1452:
1448:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1426:
1419:
1411:
1407:
1400:
1392:
1386:
1382:
1375:
1367:
1360:
1344:
1340:
1333:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1262:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1227:
1212:
1205:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1158:
1152:
1150:
1145:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1109:nueva canción
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
993:
986:
980:
972:
968:
964:
958:
950:
946:
945:Carlos Puebla
942:
941:Pablo Milanés
938:
934:
932:
928:
918:
907:
901:
889:
877:nueva canción
873:
869:
859:nueva canción
853:
845:
839:
836:
835:Mercedes Sosa
831:
829:
828:Rock Nacional
823:
821:
817:
812:
810:
806:
802:
797:
796:Jorge Cafrune
793:
789:
788:Mercedes Sosa
784:
782:
778:
769:
768:Mercedes Sosa
765:
756:nueva canción
752:
751:Mercedes Sosa
748:
741:
735:
730:Nueva Canción
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
709:Violeta Parra
705:
702:
697:
693:nueva canción
687:nueva canción
681:
677:nueva canción
670:nueva canción
667:
662:
661:military coup
657:
655:
651:
650:Inti-Illimani
645:nueva canción
641:
637:
631:
625:
614:
612:
607:
603:
602:
595:
589:
587:
583:
579:
578:Sergio Ortega
575:
571:
567:
563:
557:Nueva Canción
553:
549:
545:
541:
540:Violeta Parra
532:
526:
525:Violeta Parra
522:
517:
509:
498:
494:Nueva canción
488:nueva canción
481:nueva canción
476:
474:
468:Nueva canción
464:
460:
459:Violeta Parra
454:nueva canción
443:
437:nueva canción
431:
427:nueva canción
423:
417:Nueva canción
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
374:Spanish music
371:
367:
361:Nueva canción
357:
355:
351:
348:, democracy,
347:
343:
337:Nueva canción
327:
325:
320:
319:Nueva canción
315:
314:
309:
308:Violeta Parra
306:, which used
305:
300:
299:nueva canción
294:
292:
288:
284:
280:
277:era, e.g. in
276:
272:
268:
264:
259:
258:Nueva canción
254:
252:
248:
244:
243:
238:
234:
230:
226:
221:
220:Nueva canción
216:
212:
208:
204:
199:
198:Nueva canción
194:
189:
185:
184:Nueva canción
180:
176:
172:
171:Latin America
167:
158:
147:
144:Nueva canción
131:
128:
125:
122:
119:
116:
113:
110:
107:
104:
101:
98:
95:
92:
89:
86:
85:
82:
77:
72:
67:
63:
59:
53:
49:
48:
46:
42:
37:Nueva canción
33:
30:
19:
18:Nueva Cancion
3255:Spanish jazz
3178:Other genres
2780:Puerto Rican
2519:
2125:Winter 2020.
2122:
2103:
2064:
2058:
2038:
2014:. Retrieved
2012:(in Spanish)
2009:
1999:
1980:
1974:
1955:
1932:
1927:
1918:
1909:
1897:. Retrieved
1893:
1883:
1871:. Retrieved
1861:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1833:
1827:
1815:. Retrieved
1811:
1801:
1789:. Retrieved
1779:
1767:. Retrieved
1761:
1748:Ghostarchive
1746:Archived at
1742:
1730:. Retrieved
1726:the original
1715:
1703:. Retrieved
1692:
1680:. Retrieved
1669:
1660:
1654:
1642:. Retrieved
1631:
1619:. Retrieved
1615:The Guardian
1614:
1604:
1592:. Retrieved
1588:
1579:
1559:
1552:
1532:
1525:
1516:
1510:
1494:
1489:
1454:
1450:
1424:
1418:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1380:
1374:
1365:
1359:
1347:. Retrieved
1332:
1320:. Retrieved
1307:
1298:
1286:. Retrieved
1274:
1261:
1236:
1232:
1226:
1216:21 September
1214:. Retrieved
1204:
1179:
1175:
1156:
1120:revolution.
1113:
1105:
1057:
1049:Delfí Abella
1044:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1014:
995:
984:
967:Angela Davis
959:
935:
863:
855:
843:
832:
824:
813:
805:César Isella
785:
781:Buenos Aires
773:
739:
706:
698:
682:
658:
615:
599:
590:
538:Since 1952,
537:
507:
477:
432:
414:
370:música negra
366:Andean music
358:
350:human rights
333:
323:
311:
295:
255:
251:Andean music
240:
237:human rights
192:
190:
141:
140:
29:
3329:Latin music
3276:Latin music
3200:Contradanza
3092:Tecnocumbia
3067:New Chilean
3052:Bullerengue
2908:Cha-cha-cha
2841:jalisciense
2831:Mexican Son
2715:Alternative
2678:Nuevo tango
2577:Duranguense
2525:Nueva trova
2370:Alternative
2324:Latin urban
2182:Carnavalito
1868:"Biografía"
1855:(3): 40–48.
1784:Shock.com.
1349:4 September
1322:4 September
1288:4 September
1088:Lluís Llach
1076:Núria Feliu
976:nueva trova
922:nueva trova
912:nueva trova
893:Nueva trova
883:nueva trova
866:nueva trova
852:Nueva trova
846:(New Trova)
844:Nueva Trova
738:Argentina:
640:Víctor Jara
601:Por Vietnam
586:Paco Ibañéz
566:Víctor Jara
449: 1810
378:Cuban music
346:imperialism
105:El Salvador
74:Nuevo canto
3303:Categories
3260:Villancico
3142:Latin jazz
3115:Afro-Latin
3072:Panamanian
3002:Son cubano
2795:Venezuelan
2755:Latin rock
2750:Ecuadorian
2410:Chamarrita
2403:Litoraleña
2390:Panamanian
2380:Moombahton
2286:Isa (from
2097:1138053562
2074:8441204675
2016:4 November
1965:8441204675
1817:5 November
1769:2 November
1705:5 February
1682:5 February
1640:. BBC News
1140:References
1118:Sandinista
1106:Nicaragua
1037:Germinàbit
992:Nova Cançó
985:Nova Cançó
906:folk music
654:Quilapayún
636:Venceremos
606:Quilapayún
588:of Spain.
473:Juan Perón
380:and other
52:folk music
3281:subgenres
3220:Pasacalle
3195:Christian
3185:Aguinaldo
3057:Colombian
3047:Argentine
3024:Vallenato
2995:romántica
2978:Guaguancó
2858:Zamacueca
2811:Chacarera
2790:Uruguayan
2770:Nueva ola
2745:Dominican
2735:Colombian
2720:Argentine
2688:Bandoneon
2510:Colombian
2497:Latin pop
2487:Zamacueca
2465:Toro Mata
2385:Neoperreo
2362:Reggaeton
2309:Tajaraste
2304:Pasodoble
2299:Malagueña
1812:Los Andes
1481:191099441
1283:1134-6582
1253:143966644
1102:Nicaragua
1006:Catalonia
759:musicians
203:Argentina
132:Venezuela
114:Nicaragua
108:Guatemala
87:Argentina
69:Subgenres
3137:Candombe
3077:Peruvian
2968:Pachanga
2963:Méringue
2958:Merengue
2948:Guaracha
2933:Cuarteto
2923:Charanga
2913:Champeta
2885:Tropical
2868:Marinera
2836:huasteco
2775:Peruvian
2673:Neotango
2620:Candombe
2597:Ranchera
2587:Mariachi
2550:Conjunto
2535:Regional
2472:Marinera
2415:Guarania
2375:Bachatón
2314:Zarzuela
2255:Cantiñas
2250:Bulerías
2240:Flamenco
2235:Fandango
2197:Morenada
2187:Diablada
1873:18 March
1849:Americas
1791:18 March
1750:and the
1732:18 March
1644:29 April
1621:28 April
1594:29 April
1343:Archived
1316:Archived
1128:See also
1047:), like
874:. While
398:charango
275:Cold War
225:New Left
173:and the
153:Spanish:
150:European
123:Portugal
117:Paraguay
99:Colombia
3269:Related
3225:Pasillo
3205:Criolla
3159:Milonga
3102:Cachaca
3097:Villera
3062:Mexican
3007:montuno
2943:Guajira
2918:Changüí
2903:Calypso
2893:Bachata
2846:jarocho
2785:Spanish
2765:Mexican
2730:Chilean
2725:Chicano
2663:Milonga
2635:Milonga
2572:Grupera
2555:Norteño
2545:Corrido
2537:Mexican
2515:Mexican
2477:Tondero
2450:Festejo
2425:Chamamé
2347:R&B
2332:Hip hop
2245:Alboreá
2177:Bambuco
2010:El País
1763:YouTube
1473:2503359
1308:Icarito
1196:3338257
1010:Chanson
506:Chile:
442:corrido
394:zampoña
342:poverty
211:Uruguay
193:corrido
129:Uruguay
93:Bolivia
3235:Pregón
3215:Décima
3164:Tambor
3154:Mapalé
3039:Cumbia
2938:Danzón
2898:Bolero
2853:Tonada
2826:Joropo
2604:Trival
2592:Jarabe
2565:Tejano
2560:Nortec
2505:Ballad
2342:Reggae
2192:Huayno
2169:Andean
2111:
2095:
2071:
2046:
1987:
1962:
1567:
1540:
1501:
1479:
1471:
1412:: 709.
1387:
1281:
1251:
1194:
1064:Raimon
1060:Salomé
842:Cuba:
803:, and
723:. The
544:Isabel
410:décima
386:guitar
247:cumbia
233:hippie
111:Mexico
90:Brazil
3230:Plena
3210:Danza
3127:Bomba
3082:Porro
3019:Trova
3014:Timba
2985:Salsa
2973:Rumba
2953:Mambo
2928:Conga
2873:Zamba
2863:Cueca
2760:Metal
2740:Cuban
2650:Tango
2640:Murga
2625:Cueca
2582:Banda
2455:Landó
2337:House
2282:Folia
2275:Soleá
2270:Saeta
2230:Copla
2207:Tinku
1899:2 May
1477:S2CID
1469:JSTOR
1312:Chile
1249:S2CID
1192:JSTOR
1045:Setze
954:trova
900:trova
638:" by
548:Ángel
406:copla
402:cajón
390:quena
269:that
215:Spain
207:Chile
126:Spain
96:Chile
64:1960s
3245:Seis
2990:dura
2821:Gato
2707:Rock
2668:Vals
2482:Vals
2352:Trap
2294:Jota
2202:Saya
2109:ISBN
2093:ISBN
2069:ISBN
2044:ISBN
2018:2018
1985:ISBN
1960:ISBN
1901:2013
1875:2013
1819:2012
1793:2013
1771:2012
1734:2013
1707:2020
1684:2020
1646:2015
1623:2015
1596:2015
1565:ISBN
1538:ISBN
1499:ISBN
1385:ISBN
1351:2021
1324:2021
1290:2021
1279:ISSN
1218:2012
1090:and
1074:and
1051:and
947:and
939:and
929:and
927:rock
652:and
546:and
408:and
310:'s "
289:and
249:and
235:and
213:and
179:folk
120:Peru
102:Cuba
3087:Rap
1459:doi
1241:doi
1184:doi
931:pop
604:by
400:or
316:".
3305::
2121:.
2026:^
2008:.
1940:^
1892:.
1853:48
1851:.
1810:.
1760:.
1754::
1613:.
1587:.
1475:.
1467:.
1455:21
1453:.
1449:.
1433:^
1408:.
1306:.
1273:.
1247:.
1237:10
1235:.
1190:.
1178:.
1164:^
1148:^
1098:.
1086:,
1012:.
969:.
862:,
830:.
622:.
576:,
568:,
564:,
446:c.
412:.
396:,
392:,
376:,
372:,
368:,
356:.
326:.
293:.
285:,
281:,
253:.
245:,
231:,
227:,
209:,
205:,
160:,
3030:)
3026:(
2290:)
2152:e
2145:t
2138:v
2077:.
2052:.
2020:.
1993:.
1968:.
1903:.
1877:.
1821:.
1795:.
1773:.
1736:.
1709:.
1686:.
1648:.
1625:.
1598:.
1573:.
1546:.
1505:.
1483:.
1461::
1410:1
1393:.
1353:.
1326:.
1292:.
1255:.
1243::
1220:.
1198:.
1186::
1180:3
1112:(
485:"
334:"
148:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.