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matrix at low concentrations (~0.2 weight %) cause significant improvements in the compressive and flexural mechanical properties of polymeric nanocomposites. Potentially, these nanocomposites may be used as a novel, mechanically strong, light weight composite as bone implants. The results suggest that mechanical reinforcement is dependent on the nanostructure morphology, defects, dispersion of nanomaterials in the polymer matrix, and the cross-linking density of the polymer. In general, two-dimensional nanostructures can reinforce the polymer better than one-dimensional nanostructures, and inorganic nanomaterials are better reinforcing agents than carbon based nanomaterials. In addition to mechanical properties, polymer nanocomposites based on carbon nanotubes or graphene have been used to enhance a wide range of properties, giving rise to functional materials for a wide range of high added value applications in fields such as energy conversion and storage, sensing and biomedical tissue engineering. For example, multi-walled carbon nanotubes based polymer nanocomposites have been used for the enhancement of the electrical conductivity.
578:, which is an emerging new material that is being developed to take advantage of the high tensile strength and electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube materials. Critical to the realization of CNT-MMC possessing optimal properties in these areas are the development of synthetic techniques that are (a) economically producible, (b) provide for a homogeneous dispersion of nanotubes in the metallic matrix, and (c) lead to strong interfacial adhesion between the metallic matrix and the carbon nanotubes. In addition to carbon nanotube metal matrix composites, boron nitride reinforced metal matrix composites and carbon nitride metal matrix composites are the new research areas on metal matrix nanocomposites.
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as a magnetic, electrical, or mechanical field. Specifically, magnetic nanocomposites are useful for use in these applications due to the nature of magnetic material's ability to respond both to electrical and magnetic stimuli. The penetration depth of a magnetic field is also high, leading to an increased area that the nanocomposite is affected by and therefore an increased response. In order to respond to a magnetic field, a matrix can be easily loaded with nanoparticles or nanorods The different morphologies for magnetic nanocomposite materials are vast, including matrix dispersed nanoparticles, core-shell nanoparticles, colloidal crystals, macroscale spheres, or Janus-type nanostructures.
582:
suggest that tungsten disulfide nanotubes reinforced PPF nanocomposites possess significantly higher mechanical properties and tungsten disulfide nanotubes are better reinforcing agents than carbon nanotubes. Increases in the mechanical properties can be attributed to a uniform dispersion of inorganic nanotubes in the polymer matrix (compared to carbon nanotubes that exist as micron sized aggregates) and increased crosslinking density of the polymer in the presence of tungsten disulfide nanotubes (increase in crosslinking density leads to an increase in the mechanical properties). These results suggest that inorganic
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great potential for improving the efficiency of power electronic devices by providing relatively high permeability and low losses. For example, As Iron oxide nano particles embedded in Ni matrix enables us to mitigate those losses at high frequency. The high resistive iron oxide nanoparticles helps to reduce the eddy current losses where as the Ni metal helps in attaining high permeability. DC magnetic properties such as
Saturation magnetization lies between each of its constituent parts indicating that the physical properties of the materials can be altered by creating these nanocomposites.
617:). This strategy is particularly effective in yielding high performance composites, when uniform dispersion of the filler is achieved and the properties of the nanoscale filler are substantially different or better than those of the matrix. The uniformity of the dispersion is in all nanocomposites is counteracted by thermodynamically driven phase separation. Clustering of nanoscale fillers produces aggregates that serve as structural defects and result in failure. Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly when nanometer scale layers of
656:
range of natural and synthetic polymers are used to design polymeric nanocomposites for biomedical applications including starch, cellulose, alginate, chitosan, collagen, gelatin, and fibrin, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(caprolactone) (PCL), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), and poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS). A range of nanoparticles including ceramic, polymeric, metal oxide and carbon-based nanomaterials are incorporated within polymeric network to obtain desired property combinations.
543:
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453:, especially for the most commonly used non-spherical, high aspect ratio fillers (e.g. nanometer-thin platelets, such as clays, or nanometer-diameter cylinders, such as carbon nanotubes). The orientation and arrangement of asymmetric nanoparticles, thermal property mismatch at the interface, interface density per unit volume of nanocomposite, and polydispersity of nanoparticles significantly affect the effective thermal conductivity of nanocomposites.
712:
274:
408:. The reinforcing material can be made up of particles (e.g. minerals), sheets (e.g. exfoliated clay stacks) or fibres (e.g. carbon nanotubes or electrospun fibres). The area of the interface between the matrix and reinforcement phase(s) is typically an order of magnitude greater than for conventional composite materials. The matrix material properties are significantly affected in the vicinity of the reinforcement. Ajayan
343:, but is more usually taken to mean the solid combination of a bulk matrix and nano-dimensional phase(s) differing in properties due to dissimilarities in structure and chemistry. The mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical, electrochemical, catalytic properties of the nanocomposite will differ markedly from that of the component materials. Size limits for these effects have been proposed:
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character. This is not an easily obeyed constraint because the preparation of the ceramic component generally requires high process temperatures. The safest measure thus is to carefully choose immiscible metal and ceramic phases. A good example of such a combination is represented by the ceramic-metal composite of
672:
Magnetic nanocomposites can also be utilized in the medical field, with magnetic nanorods embedded in a polymer matrix can aid in more precise drug delivery and release. Finally, magnetic nanocomposites can be used in high frequency/high-temperature applications. For example, multi-layer structures
664:
Nanocomposites that can respond to an external stimulus are of increased interest due to the fact that, because of the large amount of interaction between the phase interfaces, the stimulus response can have a larger effect on the composite as a whole. The external stimulus can take many forms, such
676:
In applications such as power micro-inductors where high magnetic permeability is desired at high operating frequencies. The traditional micro-fabricated magnetic core materials see both decrease in permeability and high losses at high operating frequency. In this case, magnetic nano composites have
412:
note that with polymer nanocomposites, properties related to local chemistry, degree of thermoset cure, polymer chain mobility, polymer chain conformation, degree of polymer chain ordering or crystallinity can all vary significantly and continuously from the interface with the reinforcement into the
655:
A range of polymeric nanocomposites are used for biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, cellular therapies. Due to unique interactions between polymer and nanoparticles, a range of property combinations can be engineered to mimic native tissue structure and properties. A
581:
A recent study, comparing the mechanical properties (Young's modulus, compressive yield strength, flexural modulus and flexural yield strength) of single- and multi-walled reinforced polymeric (polypropylene fumarate—PPF) nanocomposites to tungsten disulfide nanotubes reinforced PPF nanocomposites
635:
Nanoscale dispersion of filler or controlled nanostructures in the composite can introduce new physical properties and novel behaviors that are absent in the unfilled matrices. This effectively changes the nature of the original matrix (such composite materials can be better described by the term
476:
of the mixture should be considered in designing ceramic-metal nanocomposites and measures have to be taken to avoid a chemical reaction between both components. The last point mainly is of importance for the metallic component that may easily react with the ceramic and thereby lose its metallic
624:
Nanoparticles such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, molybdenum disulfide and tungsten disulfide are being used as reinforcing agents to fabricate mechanically strong biodegradable polymeric nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering applications. The addition of these nanoparticles in the polymer
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Magnetic nanocomposites can be utilized in a vast number of applications, including catalytic, medical, and technical. For example, palladium is a common transition metal used in catalysis reactions. Magnetic nanoparticle-supported palladium complexes can be used in catalysis to increase the
392:
mechanism. From the mid-1950s nanoscale organo-clays have been used to control flow of polymer solutions (e.g. as paint viscosifiers) or the constitution of gels (e.g. as a thickening substance in cosmetics, keeping the preparations in homogeneous form). By the 1970s
685:
In the recent years nanocomposites have been designed to withstand high temperatures by the addition of Carbon Dots (CDs) in the polymer matrix. Such nanocomposites can be utilized in environments wherein high temperature resistance is a prime criterion.
573:
Metal matrix nanocomposites can also be defined as reinforced metal matrix composites. This type of composites can be classified as continuous and non-continuous reinforced materials. One of the more important nanocomposites is
469:. Ideally both components are finely dispersed in each other in order to elicit particular optical, electrical and magnetic properties as well as tribological, corrosion-resistance and other protective properties.
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This large amount of reinforcement surface area means that a relatively small amount of nanoscale reinforcement can have an observable effect on the macroscale properties of the composite. For example, adding
507:
technique and is associated with high deposition rates up to some μm/s and the growth of nanoparticles in the gas phase. Nanocomposite layers in the ceramics range of composition were prepared from
1972:
Han, Kyu; Swaminathan, Madhavan; Pulugurtha, Raj; Sharma, Himani; Tummala, Rao; Yang, Songnan; Nair, Vijay (2016). "Magneto-Dielectric
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to a polymer matrix can enhance its performance, often dramatically, by simply capitalizing on the nature and properties of the nanoscale filler (these materials are better described by the term
1244:
Janeta, Mateusz; John, Łukasz; Ejfler, Jolanta; Szafert, Sławomir (2014-11-24). "High-Yield
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589:
Another kind of nanocomposite is the energetic nanocomposite, generally as a hybrid sol–gel with a silica base, which, when combined with metal oxides and nano-scale aluminum powder, can form
1511:
Zeidi, Mahdi; Kim, Chun IL; Park, Chul B. (2021). "The role of interface on the toughening and failure mechanisms of thermoplastic nanocomposites reinforced with nanofibrillated rubbers".
461:
Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) consist of ceramic fibers embedded in a ceramic matrix. The matrix and fibers can consist of any ceramic material, including carbon and carbon fibers. The
495:
that are solid layers of a few nm to some tens of μm thickness deposited upon an underlying substrate and that play an important role in the functionalization of technical surfaces.
2070:
Rimal, Vishal; Shishodia, Shubham; Srivastava, P.K. (2020). "Novel synthesis of high-thermal stability carbon dots and nanocomposites from oleic acid as an organic substrate".
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and a polymers are added one by one. LbL composites display performance parameters 10-1000 times better that the traditional nanocomposites made by extrusion or batch-mixing.
673:
can be fabricated for use in electronic applications. An electrodeposited Fe/Fe oxide multi-layered sample can be an example of this application of magnetic nanocomposites.
1937:
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and resistance to wear and damage. In general, the nano reinforcement is dispersed into the matrix during processing. The percentage by weight (called
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occupying most of the volume is often from the group of oxides, such as nitrides, borides, silicides, whereas the second component is often a
1462:
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1415:"Two-dimensional nanostructure-reinforced biodegradable polymeric nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering"
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due to the exceptionally high surface to volume ratio of the reinforcing phase and/or its exceptionally high
215:
63:
449:) of the nanoparticulates introduced can remain very low (on the order of 0.5% to 5%) due to the low filler
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488:, the mixtures of which were found immiscible over large areas in the Gibbs’ triangle of ' Cu-O-Ti.
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composites were the topic of textbooks, although the term "nanocomposites" was not in common use.
648:). Some examples of such new properties are fire resistance or flame retardancy, and accelerated
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586:, in general, may be better reinforcing agents compared to carbon nanotubes.
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Nanocomposites are found in nature, for example in the structure of the
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427:thermal conductivity
413:bulk of the matrix.
244:Nanoporous materials
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357:<50 nm for
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431:optical properties
366:superparamagnetism
347:<5 nm for
267:Science portal
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1684:10.1002/bit.25160
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1431:10.1021/bm301995s
1419:Biomacromolecules
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718:Technology portal
571:
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127:Carbon allotropes
16:(Redirected from
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2060:
2012:
2006:
2005:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1754:(7): 2249–2255.
1739:
1733:
1732:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1695:
1663:
1657:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1570:(6): 1071–1090.
1559:
1553:
1552:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1491:
1474:(9): 8365–8373.
1459:
1453:
1452:
1442:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1393:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1316:10.1038/nmat1812
1296:Nature Materials
1291:
1278:
1277:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1135:
1099:
1093:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1036:(2–3): 279–285.
1027:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1003:
997:
996:
987:(2–3): 113–119.
976:
970:
969:
960:(5–6): 511–535.
949:
943:
942:
907:
901:
900:
882:
876:
875:
868:
862:
856:
850:
836:
830:
829:
785:
779:
773:
771:
747:
726:Hybrid materials
720:
715:
714:
706:
701:
700:
650:biodegradability
619:nanoparticulates
609:nanoparticulates
566:
563:
545:
538:
419:carbon nanotubes
359:refractive index
307:
300:
293:
277:
276:
265:
264:
216:Titanium dioxide
55:Carbon nanotubes
49:
30:
29:
21:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2142:
2141:
2105:
2103:Further reading
2100:
2099:
2068:
2064:
2013:
2009:
1970:
1966:
1935:
1931:
1900:
1896:
1865:
1861:
1822:
1818:
1787:
1783:
1740:
1736:
1713:
1709:
1664:
1660:
1644:
1640:
1609:(11): 444–453.
1595:
1591:
1560:
1556:
1509:
1505:
1460:
1456:
1411:
1407:
1370:
1366:
1335:
1331:
1292:
1281:
1242:
1238:
1209:
1205:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1181:
1177:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1153:
1149:
1100:
1096:
1084:
1080:
1053:
1049:
1025:
1019:
1015:
1004:
1000:
977:
973:
950:
946:
908:
904:
897:
883:
879:
870:
869:
865:
857:
853:
837:
833:
796:(5272): 223–5.
786:
782:
748:
744:
739:
716:
709:
702:
695:
692:
683:
662:
605:
599:
567:
561:
558:
551:needs expansion
536:
512:
482:
459:
311:
271:
259:
156:Aluminium oxide
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2170:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2140:
2139:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2078:(2): 455–464.
2062:
2007:
1964:
1929:
1910:(2): 442–447.
1894:
1875:(4): 365–374.
1859:
1832:(3): 877–892.
1816:
1781:
1734:
1723:(3): 248–264.
1707:
1678:(3): 441–453.
1658:
1638:
1589:
1554:
1503:
1454:
1425:(3): 900–909.
1405:
1384:(3): 177–186.
1364:
1329:
1279:
1236:
1203:
1175:
1147:
1118:(9): 8365–73.
1094:
1078:
1047:
1013:
998:
971:
954:J. Aerosol Sci
944:
902:
895:
877:
863:
851:
838:B.K.G. Theng "
831:
780:
741:
740:
738:
735:
734:
733:
728:
722:
721:
707:
704:Science portal
691:
688:
682:
679:
661:
658:
601:Main article:
598:
595:
569:
568:
548:
546:
535:
532:
510:
501:hollow cathode
480:
458:
455:
374:
373:
362:
355:
352:
313:
312:
310:
309:
302:
295:
287:
284:
283:
282:
281:
269:
254:
253:
252:
251:
246:
241:
236:
228:
227:
221:
220:
219:
218:
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208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
140:
139:
132:
131:
130:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
101:
100:
94:
93:
92:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
58:
57:
51:
50:
42:
41:
35:
34:
26:
18:Nanocomposites
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2169:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2152:Nanomaterials
2150:
2149:
2147:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2106:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2011:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1968:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1933:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1898:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1863:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1820:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1785:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1738:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1711:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1685:
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1677:
1673:
1669:
1662:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1593:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1558:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1507:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1458:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1333:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1240:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1207:
1190:
1188:
1179:
1162:
1160:
1151:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1098:
1092:
1088:
1082:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1051:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1024:
1017:
1009:
1002:
994:
990:
986:
982:
975:
967:
963:
959:
955:
948:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
911:Tian, Zhiting
906:
898:
892:
888:
881:
873:
867:
861:
855:
849:
845:
841:
835:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
784:
777:
774:in Kelly, A,
770:
765:
762:(3): 315–21.
761:
757:
753:
746:
742:
732:
729:
727:
724:
723:
719:
713:
708:
705:
699:
694:
687:
678:
674:
670:
666:
657:
653:
651:
647:
646:
641:
640:
633:
631:
626:
622:
620:
616:
615:
610:
604:
594:
592:
591:superthermite
587:
585:
584:nanomaterials
579:
577:
565:
562:November 2008
556:
552:
549:This section
547:
544:
540:
539:
531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
506:
502:
498:
494:
489:
487:
483:
475:
474:phase diagram
470:
468:
464:
454:
452:
448:
447:mass fraction
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
421:improves the
420:
414:
411:
407:
403:
398:
396:
391:
387:
383:
379:
378:abalone shell
371:
367:
363:
360:
356:
353:
350:
346:
345:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
325:
323:
319:
318:Nanocomposite
308:
303:
301:
296:
294:
289:
288:
286:
285:
280:
275:
270:
268:
263:
258:
257:
256:
255:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
234:Nanocomposite
232:
231:
230:
229:
226:
223:
222:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
196:Iron–platinum
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
143:
142:
141:
138:
137:nanoparticles
134:
133:
128:
125:
123:
122:Health impact
120:
118:
115:
113:
112:C70 fullerene
110:
108:
105:
104:
103:
102:
99:
96:
95:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
77:
75:
72:
70:
67:
65:
62:
61:
60:
59:
56:
53:
52:
48:
44:
43:
40:
39:Nanomaterials
37:
36:
32:
31:
19:
2118:
2114:
2075:
2071:
2065:
2024:
2020:
2010:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1907:
1903:
1897:
1872:
1868:
1862:
1829:
1825:
1819:
1794:
1790:
1784:
1751:
1747:
1737:
1720:
1716:
1710:
1675:
1671:
1661:
1646:
1641:
1606:
1602:
1592:
1567:
1563:
1557:
1516:
1512:
1506:
1471:
1467:
1457:
1422:
1418:
1408:
1381:
1377:
1367:
1342:
1338:
1332:
1299:
1295:
1249:
1245:
1239:
1220:
1216:
1206:
1195:. Retrieved
1186:
1178:
1167:. Retrieved
1158:
1150:
1115:
1111:
1097:
1086:
1081:
1064:
1060:
1050:
1033:
1029:
1016:
1007:
1001:
984:
980:
974:
957:
953:
947:
922:
918:
905:
886:
880:
866:
854:
839:
834:
793:
789:
783:
775:
759:
755:
745:
684:
675:
671:
667:
663:
654:
644:
643:
638:
637:
634:
627:
623:
613:
612:
606:
590:
588:
580:
572:
559:
555:adding to it
550:
490:
471:
460:
446:
415:
409:
406:aspect ratio
399:
390:nanoparticle
381:
375:
329:porous media
326:
317:
316:
233:
171:Cobalt oxide
151:Quantum dots
84:Applications
1869:ChemCatChem
1302:(1): 9–11.
925:: 577–582.
913:; Hu, Han;
593:materials.
526:and a high
472:The binary
370:dislocation
2146:Categories
2027:: 165718.
1197:2008-09-28
1183:Gash, AE.
1169:2008-09-28
1155:Gash, AE.
737:References
505:deposition
493:thin films
423:electrical
341:copolymers
322:nanometers
191:Iron oxide
98:Fullerenes
2121:: 37–58.
2092:203986488
2057:202137993
2049:0304-8853
1980:: 72–75.
1826:Nanoscale
1797:: 89–96.
1776:225292702
1768:1433-3015
1584:1099-0690
1549:244288401
1533:2040-3372
1513:Nanoscale
1266:1521-3765
1223:: 56–63.
1104:Mikos, AG
1067:: 22–35.
915:Sun, Ying
889:. Wiley.
439:stiffness
386:Maya blue
349:catalytic
161:Cellulose
117:Chemistry
69:Chemistry
64:Synthesis
2135:22432572
1889:96894484
1854:21165500
1811:26938504
1702:24264728
1541:34851346
1498:23727293
1449:23405887
1400:97169049
1359:19957928
1339:ACS Nano
1324:17199118
1274:25302846
1142:23727293
826:34424830
731:Aquamelt
690:See also
522:, small
443:strength
393:polymer/
372:movement
351:activity
333:colloids
239:Nanofoam
206:Platinum
89:Timeline
2029:Bibcode
2002:1335792
1982:Bibcode
1959:6587533
1912:Bibcode
1834:Bibcode
1693:3924876
1632:3244951
1611:Bibcode
1489:3732565
1440:3601907
1304:Bibcode
1133:3732565
927:Bibcode
818:8662502
798:Bibcode
790:Science
645:hybrids
499:by the
463:ceramic
361:changes
166:Ceramic
2133:
2090:
2055:
2047:
2000:
1957:
1887:
1852:
1809:
1774:
1766:
1700:
1690:
1653:
1629:
1582:
1547:
1539:
1531:
1496:
1486:
1447:
1437:
1398:
1357:
1322:
1272:
1264:
1140:
1130:
893:
846:
824:
816:
410:et al.
382:et al.
211:Silver
176:Copper
135:Other
2088:S2CID
2053:S2CID
1998:S2CID
1955:S2CID
1885:S2CID
1772:S2CID
1545:S2CID
1396:S2CID
1192:(PDF)
1164:(PDF)
1026:(PDF)
822:S2CID
467:metal
201:Lipid
2131:PMID
2045:ISSN
1850:PMID
1807:PMID
1764:ISSN
1698:PMID
1651:ISBN
1580:ISSN
1568:2016
1537:PMID
1529:ISSN
1494:PMID
1445:PMID
1355:PMID
1320:PMID
1270:PMID
1262:ISSN
1138:PMID
891:ISBN
844:ISBN
814:PMID
514:and
484:and
425:and
395:clay
339:and
337:gels
186:Iron
181:Gold
2123:doi
2080:doi
2037:doi
2025:493
1990:doi
1947:doi
1943:105
1920:doi
1908:316
1877:doi
1842:doi
1799:doi
1756:doi
1752:110
1725:doi
1721:216
1688:PMC
1680:doi
1676:111
1627:PMC
1619:doi
1572:doi
1521:doi
1484:PMC
1476:doi
1435:PMC
1427:doi
1386:doi
1347:doi
1312:doi
1254:doi
1225:doi
1128:PMC
1120:doi
1069:doi
1038:doi
1034:179
989:doi
985:167
962:doi
935:doi
806:doi
794:273
764:doi
642:or
557:.
509:TiO
479:TiO
2148::
2129:.
2117:.
2113:.
2086:.
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2074:.
2051:.
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2035:.
2023:.
2019:.
1996:.
1988:.
1978:15
1976:.
1953:.
1941:.
1918:.
1906:.
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1848:.
1840:.
1828:.
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486:Cu
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
