522:, but those born within a protectorate were not subjects. Under the terms of the British Nationality Act 1948, BPPs of the Nigeria Protectorate status did not change. However, the Act, while retaining the provisions that BPPs were not aliens and could not naturalise, allowed BPPs to register as BPP of a protected place or as a British subject under certain conditions. In 1949, the British Protectorates, Protected States and Protected Persons Order in Council repealed former orders about BPPs and detailed provisions for conferring protected status. It provided that protected persons were BPPs of a protectorate if they were born there; if they were born abroad to a father who was a native of a protectorate; or if at the time of their birth their father was a BPP. It also allowed women married to BPPs to register as a BPP and allowed certain nationals of foreign countries to register as BPPs. Minor changes to protected persons' status were made by Orders of Council in 1952, 1953, 1958, 1960, 1961, and 1962, but major changes did not occur until 1965.
564:
child was born abroad and both parents were
Nigerian nationals. Military rule ended and a new civilian regime was elected in 1979. Under the 1979 Constitution, which created a presidential government based on the United States model, nationality was acquired by descent from someone who was part of an indigenous community of Nigeria; however, it did not clearly define what communities were considered indigenous or how indigenity was determined. It provided that those born in the territory prior to independence were Nigerian, if one of their parents or grandparents had also been born in Nigeria. Those born in Nigeria after independence automatically acquired nationality by descent from a parent or grandparent who was a Nigerian national and those born abroad automatically acquired nationality by descent from a Nigerian parent. The 1979 Constitution also specified that those who had formerly obtained nationality under previous legislation remained Nigerian.
531:
also born in the colony or protectorate were conferred
Nigerian nationality. It was also conferred on persons who had been born outside of Nigeria if their father had been born in either the colony or protectorate and was at independence a CUKC or BPP, or at his death if he died prior to independence. Persons who had been naturalised, persons born in the territory to parents who were not born there, and women who had acquired nationality through marriage to a Nigerian prior to independence did not lose their status as a CUKC or BPP. While they were not conferred Nigerian nationality, they were provided an opportunity to register as Nigerian until 1 October 1962. After independence, those who were born after independence could acquire nationality through birth in the country, as long as their parent(s) did not have
487:
provided that a married woman derived her nationality from her spouse, meaning if he was
British, she was also, and if he was foreign, so was she. It stipulated that upon loss of nationality of a husband, a wife could declare that she wished to remain British. It allowed that if a marriage had terminated, through death or divorce, a British-born national who had lost her status through marriage could reacquire British nationality through naturalisation without meeting a residency requirement. The statute specified that a five-year residency or service to the crown was required for naturalisation.
358:
government clarified its position that foreign traders living in their colonies were afforded the same protections as
British subjects, even when trading outside of its area of territorial control. Along the Niger, British policy was changing as well, from the idea of an informal empire toward colonial administration. In an attempt to provide a framework to develop and protect British trade, the British became involved in a dispute over succession in the Lagos royal family and similarly to check French influence and expansion from
35:
4267:
314:, purchasing slaves from the indigenous people. Most trade focused on the coasts. European involvement in coastal Africa led to increasing interest in the last half of the eighteenth century to explore the interiors of Africa. In 1807, Britain abolished the slave trade and became interested in developing other commodities that could be traded, as well as preventing other nations from continuing to trade in slaves. In 1822, Scottish explorer,
164:. General qualifications are that applicants have good character and be able to contribute to the progress of the nation. Nigerian statutes have no provisions for adopted children to acquire nationality. Applicants must verify legal residency of a minimum of fifteen years. Besides foreigners meeting the criteria, the wife of a Nigerian national who meets the other criteria for naturalisation can register without a residency period.
539:, or if born abroad, as long as their father was Nigerian and born in the territory. Those who did not qualify for acquisition by birth, could apply for naturalisation. Dual nationality was forbidden except in the case of a child who had double status from birth. Upon attaining legal majority, and prior to the age of twenty-two, such a child was required to renounce their other nationality or cease to be Nigerian
453:
jurisdictions in the empire. Thus, a person who was naturalised in Canada, for example, would be considered a foreigner, rather than a
British national, in Australia or South Africa. In Nigeria, those who inhabited Lagos, were considered British subjects, while those who lived in the protectorates were granted the status of
626:, a scholar on African nationality laws, did not contain language preserving the status of those who had previously acquired Nigerian nationality and it was unclear if the new provision was supposed to be retroactive. Manby also notes that after the repeal of the Citizenship Act, in 1974, it was never replaced.
160:
state agencies like the
Immigration Service, State Security Service, as well as the state governor, chair of the local governing body, and the police. If it is accepted, the application is then sent to the Federal Executive Council for a recommendation. The final decision on the application comes from the
504:
British protectorates, in 1914, were considered to be foreign territories lacking an internal government. When
Britain extended this status over a territory, it took responsibility for both internal and external administration, including defense and foreign relations. Indigenous persons who were born
491:
husband's nationality upon marriage or upon his naturalisation in another country, did not lose their
British status after 1933. The 1943 revision allowed a child born abroad at any time to be a British national by descent if the Secretary of State agreed to register the birth. Under the terms of the
486:
nationals, meaning an illegitimate child could derive nationality from its mother. For those born abroad on or after the effective date, legitimacy was still required, and nationality could only be derived by a child from a
British father (one generation), who was natural-born or naturalised. It also
387:
with the intent of establishing commerce, but it failed in 1869. The loss of the trading center did not diminish interest in the area, and four trading firms – the West
African Company, Central African Company, Williams Brothers, and James Pinnock were operating along the Niger by 1878. The following
159:
can be granted to persons who have resided in Nigeria for a sufficient period of time to confirm they understand the customs and traditions of the country and the responsibilities of citizenship. Applications are submitted to the Ministry of the Interior, who in turn forwards the paperwork to various
530:
Nigeria gained its independence on 1 October 1960, meaning that those who acquired Nigerian nationality on that date, ceased to be British. On that day, under the terms of the Independence Constitution, persons who had been born in either the colony or protectorate to a parent or grandparent who was
414:
Reluctant to bear the cost of administrating the territory, in 1886, the government reauthorised the National African Company, now called the Royal Niger Company, to manage the territory in exchange for a trade monopoly. In 1893 the Oil River Protectorate was renamed as the Niger Coast Protectorate.
563:
repealed the Citizenship Act and constitutional provisions related to the automatic acquisition of nationality. Acquisition at birth was changed to automatic granting of nationality only if a child was born in the country to at least one parent was born or naturalised/registered in Nigeria, or if a
495:
British nationals in the Nigeria Colony were reclassified at that time as "Citizens of the UK and Colonies" (CUKC). The basic British nationality scheme did not change overmuch, and typically those who were previously defined as British remained the same. Changes included that wives and children no
341:
was sent to the region to explore the possibilities for trade. Barth trekked through the Kanem–Bornu Empire and reported that wars between the Bornu and Sokoto Empires had reduced the area into anarchy. He explored along the Middle Niger through 1855, reporting intact trade networks, but noted that
193:
for most persons, but does not allow persons who have been naturalised in another country to naturalise as a Nigerian. Nationals of origin in Nigeria or another country are allowed to naturalise without renouncing other nationality. Members of the government — like the president, governor, or state
514:
with regard to protected territories was defined to mean persons born before or after the Order in a protectorate who possessed no nationality and were not a British subject, or persons born abroad to a native of a protectorate who were stateless and not British subjects. The statute extended BPP
509:
to the United Kingdom and were unable to exercise rights of citizenship; however, they could be issued a passport and could access diplomatic services when traveling abroad. In 1914, the Alien Restriction Act clarified that while BPPs were not nationals, neither were they aliens. When the law was
452:
at the time of acquisition remained in place until changed. Other than common law, there was no standard statutory law which applied for subjects throughout the realm, meaning different jurisdictions created their own legislation for local conditions, which often conflicted with the laws in other
556:
amendment, persons who were CUKCs or BPPs born in Northern Cameroon or the wife of a person meeting the criteria effectively became Nigerian nationals. In 1963, the constitution was changed to create the Nigerian republic, but no significant changes were made to the regulations for nationality.
555:
voted to become part of Nigeria on 1 June 1961. By the Northern Cameroons Administration Amendment Order of Council 1961/988 and an amendment Act (Law 24) to the Nigerian Constitution, Northern Cameroon was incorporated into the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Under the terms of the constitutional
357:
Throughout the 1850s, there was increasing competition between the British, French, and German nations to control West Africa. By 1857 Britain claimed to control the entire Gambia River, which implied the government's responsibility to protect the inhabitants of the region. In 1859, the British
490:
Amendments to the British Nationality Act were enacted in 1918, 1922, 1933 and 1943 changing derivative nationality by descent and modifying slightly provisions for women to lose their nationality upon marriage. Because of a rise in statelessness, a woman who did not automatically acquire her
477:
to continue regulating nationality in their jurisdictions, but also established an imperial nationality scheme for use throughout the realm. Under its terms, common law provisions were reiterated for natural-born persons born within the realm on or after the effective date. By using the word
510:
amended in 1919, that provision remained the same, meaning that BPPs could not naturalise. Until 1934, when the British Protected Persons Order was drafted, the status of BPP was not statutory, but rather granted at the prerogative of the monarch. Under the 1934 Order,
583:
or orphans with unknown parentage discovered in Nigeria or adoptees to acquire nationality. Though Nigeria passed the Child Rights Act in 2003, which guarantees adopted children the same legal rights as a biological child, the statute makes no mention of nationality.
439:
to be foreigners. Marriage did not affect the status of a subject of the realm, but under common law, single women, including divorcées, were not allowed to be parents thus their children could not derive nationality maternally and were stateless unless
92:
often use the terms nationality and citizenship as synonyms, despite their legal distinction and the fact that they are regulated by different governmental administrative bodies. Nigerian nationality is typically obtained under the principal of
362:, discussions began regarding establishment of a protectorate over Lagos. From 1860, war among the Yoruba states began impacting the growth of commerce from Lagos, prompting deeper consideration of establishing colonial control.
496:
longer automatically acquired the status of the husband or father, children who acquired nationality by descent no longer were required to make a retention declaration, and registrations for children born abroad were extended.
612:
until 1 October 1961. As the British trusteeship was a single territory, those inhabitants of the northern British Cameroons became Nigerian in June, but did not cease to be BPPs until 1 October when the trusteeship ceased to
97:, i.e. by birth to parents with Nigerian nationality. It can be granted to persons with an affiliation to the country, or to a permanent resident who has lived in the country for a given period of time through naturalisation.
542:
Subsequently the Citizenship Act of 1960 was passed specifying criteria and procedures for acquiring nationality through naturalisation and registration. Under a plebiscite held on 11 February 1961, the inhabitants of
2502:
430:
In Britain, allegiance, in which subjects pledged to support a monarch, was the precursor to the modern concept of nationality. The crown recognized from 1350 that all persons born within the territories of the
382:
to extend their control over most of the lagoons in the surrounding area. These actions heightened tensions with the French, particularly in the northern region. In 1864, the British founded a settlement at
176:
their nationality, provided that comply with registration processes. The government may oppose during times of war. Nationals of origin cannot be deprived of their nationality. Naturalised persons can be
589:
571:
ended. The nationality scheme did not change other than to allow dual nationality only for Nigerians of origin. Human rights monitoring organisations of international agreements like the 1999
435:
were subjects. Those born outside the realm — except children of those serving in an official post abroad, children of the monarch, and children born on a British ship — were considered by
80:, as amended, and various international agreements to which the country is a signatory. These laws determine who is, or is eligible to be, a national of Nigeria. The legal means to acquire
423:. In 1906, the Lagos Colony and the Southern Protectorate were combined into a single administrative unit and in 1914, the Northern protectorate was incorporated as well. The new name for
392:, which later became the National African Company. Continued expansion and signing of protection treaties with local leaders established British dominance by 1882 in Nigeria. In 1884 the
2208:
2100:
515:
status to children and wives of BPPs, if they were stateless, and specifically provided that if a woman married someone who was a national of another nation, she lost her BPP status.
88:. Nationality describes the relationship of an individual to the state under international law, whereas citizenship is the domestic relationship of an individual within the nation.
2830:
3617:
3522:
2536:
271:
had also been founded in the north. Hausa rulers lived in walled-cities and required inhabitants to pay taxes in exchange for protection from invaders. In the south, the
2483:
3532:
3350:
3657:
2584:
2393:
592:
in that while foreign wives can acquire Nigerian nationality by registration upon marriage, foreign husbands can only acquire nationality through naturalisation.
3647:
2679:
572:
310:. The Portuguese were followed by other Europeans interested in commercial ventures, like the British, Spaniards, Dutch, and French. All became engaged in the
518:
In 1943, the British Nationality Act clarified that BPPs born abroad in territories that were within the Crown's dominions were British subjects by virtue of
181:
for working for another nation without governmental consent, or for committing serious crimes, disloyal acts, or crimes against the state or state security.
4654:
4305:
2721:
470:
194:
and national legislators — are allowed to have dual nationality only if they acquired Nigerian citizenship by birth and have held this continuously.
147:
Persons born in Nigeria who have at least one grandparent who was Nigerian, or belonged to an indigenous community of Nigeria prior to independence.
4761:
2986:
84:, formal legal membership in a nation, differ from the domestic relationship of rights and obligations between a national and the nation, known as
4720:
3292:
2834:
2185:
2079:
4036:
576:
419:. Territories to the south of this protectorate, including the Niger Coast Protectorate, were consolidated at the same time and named the
306:
were sent to the Empire in 1515 and from 1482, Portuguese merchants began establishing trading posts around Lagos and on the banks of the
4032:
894:
445:
404:
in which the colonial powers designated portions of Africa into European spheres of influence. At the conference, Britain's claims of a
4598:
3337:
2896:
346:, Barth noted that commerce networks were intact, but there was political unrest and uncertainty due largely to the aftermath of the
3346:
2517:
4533:
4348:
4298:
3878:
3322:
3224:
3151:
2865:
4725:
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4040:
2755:
2691:
2616:
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2417:
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2265:
2237:
2202:
2166:
415:
The Royal Niger Company charter was revoked in 1900 and the territories which it had administrated were combined to form the
460:
318:, set out on a four-year mission to explore the area. He encountered the Hausa people and reported on their trade networks.
4659:
342:
internal strife and external attacks made the political structures vulnerable. As he made his way along the Upper Niger to
3191:
325:
was traced. Anglican missionaries arrived in the area in 1841, Methodist missionaries began establishing missions around
3908:
3577:
3264:
259:
of the Kanuri arose in the eighth century and at its peak controlled territory extending across the modern nations of
4756:
4523:
4291:
4084:
4003:
3674:
2374:
2134:
505:
in a protectorate were known as British Protected Persons and were not entitled to be British nationals. BPPs had no
2314:
609:
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4568:
4131:
4013:
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3126:
2966:
568:
560:
4558:
3161:
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2717:
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420:
416:
3898:
2702:
4715:
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4249:
3602:
3562:
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492:
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4508:
4388:
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4119:
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3993:
3988:
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3913:
3903:
3868:
3597:
3517:
3452:
3249:
3136:
3086:
2956:
2015:
499:
461:
Persons in the Nigeria Colony and British-born subjects living in the Protectorate of Nigeria (1914–1960)
338:
173:
2299:
354:
trading forts in West Africa in 1850 and the following year, established a diplomatic outpost at Lagos.
4669:
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4618:
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3312:
3287:
3269:
3201:
3131:
3101:
2991:
2360:
2158:
2120:
2006:
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have also noted that the 1999 Constitution retains gender discrimination which is prohibited under the
228:
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4403:
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3006:
2996:
2976:
2936:
2926:
2767:"Law, Status and Citizenship: Conflict and Continuity in New Zealand and Western Samoa (1922–1982)"
1963:
Anene, J. C. (December 1959). "The Foundations of British Rule in "Southern Nigeria" (1885–1891)".
466:
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19:
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over the trade along the Niger, effectively allowed it to gain control over northern Nigeria.
4674:
4079:
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42:
1940:
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2409:
190:
161:
101:
52:
8:
4190:
4109:
3652:
532:
397:
389:
284:
112:
Nationality can be obtained in Nigeria at birth or later in life through naturalisation.
4089:
2826:
2798:
2650:
2627:
2452:
2356:
2172:
2059:
2035:
2002:"Subject to Empire: Married Women and the British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act"
1980:
544:
500:
Indigenous persons (British Protected Persons) in the Nigeria Protectorate (1914–1960)
469:
a decision was made to draft a common nationality code for use across the empire. The
4231:
4183:
2806:
2790:
2751:
2687:
2663:
2655:
2632:
2612:
2566:
2492:
2460:
2444:
2413:
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2370:
2329:
2305:
2284:
2261:
2233:
2198:
2162:
2130:
2092:
2051:
2043:
2027:
1988:
1972:
580:
401:
351:
129:
4735:
4699:
4114:
2862:
2782:
2645:
2604:
2405:
2063:
2019:
552:
424:
178:
104:, Nigerians are eligible to vote in UK elections and serve in public office there.
444:
by their father. British Nationality Acts did not extend beyond the bounds of the
4644:
4340:
4195:
2905:
2869:
2713:
2528:
2440:
2151:. In Bauböck, Rainer; Ersbøll, Eva; Groenendijk, Kees; Waldrauch, Harald (eds.).
548:
511:
506:
315:
72:
4226:
4126:
2315:"Mixed Jurisdictions in the Commonwealth Caribbean: Mixing, Unmixing, Remixing"
2126:
432:
330:
280:
268:
156:
2824:
2810:
2786:
2667:
2464:
2384:
2176:
2154:
Acquisition and Loss of Nationality: Policies and Trends in 15 European States
2148:
2096:
2047:
1992:
1946:
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4256:
4205:
4137:
3679:
2794:
2659:
2513:
2479:
2448:
2333:
2031:
1976:
623:
252:
232:
211:
resided, some of whom developed centralised governments. Among them were the
137:
94:
895:"Nigerian by Birth's Dual Citizenship: Effect on Qualification for Election"
608:
The native inhabitants of southern British Cameroon remained BPPs under the
4283:
4152:
2328:(1). Tilburg, Netherlands: Tilburg University, Schoordijk Institute: 1–23.
2247:
2219:
2152:
2055:
371:
272:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
590:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
374:
in 1861 and over the next few years negotiated land cessions for Badagry,
34:
4210:
4168:
2675:
2337:
2144:
536:
379:
347:
322:
307:
248:
236:
121:
85:
81:
2802:
2766:
1984:
2580:
2223:
2039:
2001:
436:
303:
288:
276:
244:
240:
2456:
2428:
1043:
964:
962:
960:
2229:
2194:
2680:"Nationality and Citizenship in a Changing European and World Order"
329:
in 1842, and these were soon followed by Baptist missions. In 1849,
4178:
4144:
2874:
2023:
957:
474:
408:
405:
343:
125:
1180:
1021:
1019:
202:
2857:
2825:
Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review (27 August 2018).
2081:
Frontiers of Equality in the Development of EU and US Citizenship
577:
United Nations Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, 1961
559:
In 1974, the military government which had ruled Nigeria since a
359:
334:
326:
292:
69:
243:. The southern part of what is now Nigeria was dominated by the
2831:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
1016:
551:
by a margin of 7 to 3. The inhabitants of the northern part of
384:
133:
2863:
Citizenship & Business Dept – Federal Ministry of Interior
1971:(4). Ibadan, Nigeria: Historical Society of Nigeria: 253–262.
1444:
644:
144:
Persons born anywhere whose parents are Nigerian nationals; or
1818:
1703:
1679:
579:
have noted that the 1999 Constitution makes no provision for
375:
299:
264:
427:
became the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria at that time.
1930:
1928:
1913:
1847:
1845:
1536:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1432:
1281:
1279:
1192:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1151:
1103:
260:
207:
In the northern part of the area now known as Nigeria many
140:. Those who are eligible for nationality by birth include:
2628:"The Defence of Act of State in Relation to Protectorates"
1891:
1889:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1509:
1507:
1308:
1306:
1055:
1006:
1004:
656:
120:
Typically, in Nigeria, there are no provisions to acquire
1901:
1782:
1609:
1607:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1410:
1408:
1335:
1333:
1264:
1228:
1079:
298:
In 1472, Portuguese traders visited the Benin Empire and
2491:(3rd ed.). Cape Town, South Africa: African Minds.
1925:
1842:
1830:
1770:
1758:
1746:
1734:
1691:
1643:
1631:
1592:
1570:
1568:
1519:
1276:
1204:
1163:
1139:
1127:
1115:
1091:
1067:
1031:
991:
989:
1886:
1874:
1857:
1794:
1715:
1667:
1580:
1504:
1492:
1480:
1456:
1420:
1393:
1381:
1345:
1318:
1303:
1291:
1216:
1001:
974:
773:
688:
686:
2743:
Ways of the World: A Brief Global History with Sources
2193:. Routledge Studies on Law in Africa. Abingdon, Oxon:
1806:
1655:
1604:
1548:
1468:
1405:
1369:
1330:
945:
805:
803:
790:
788:
737:
710:
673:
671:
573:
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
1565:
986:
749:
727:
725:
287:
system, which was linked to the Muslim world through
2686:. Turku, Finland: Turku Law School. pp. 30–60.
1619:
1252:
1240:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
863:
851:
839:
683:
482:, the statute nullified legitimacy requirements for
279:
of the Yoruba developed around the same time as the
4655:
British nationality law and the Republic of Ireland
1947:
Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review 2018
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
875:
827:
815:
800:
785:
761:
668:
525:
337:, as part of an official British expedition led by
128:, i.e. by birth in the territory, which means that
2246:
1357:
1186:
1049:
1025:
968:
722:
698:
448:, meaning that under Britain's rules of conquest,
396:was established. Continuing conflicts during the '
901:
471:British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914
107:
28:Constitution of Nigeria, Chapter III: Citizenship
4748:
2701:Sawyer, Caroline; Wray, Helena (December 2014).
924:
567:In 1999, a new constitution was adopted after a
4721:British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983
2561:. Vol. 1. Public Law. New York, New York:
2426:
1450:
283:. The various communities were involved in the
203:African people and European contact (1000–1861)
4299:
2890:
2777:(1). Canberra, Australian Capital Territory:
2304:(1927 Reprint ed.). New York, New York:
2279:(3rd ed.). Haywards Heath, West Sussex:
365:
267:. By the eleventh century, seven non-aligned
4313:
4037:Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
2157:. Vol. 2. Country Analyses. Amsterdam:
1965:Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria
2398:The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World
2187:The Constitution and Governance in Cameroon
473:allowed local jurisdictions in the British
446:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
302:and within a decade had established trade.
4306:
4292:
2897:
2883:
2700:
2512:
2355:
2298:Geary, William Nevill Montgomerie (1965).
2250:; Genova, Ann; Heaton, Matthew M. (2018).
1934:
1919:
1907:
1895:
1880:
1868:
1788:
1728:
1598:
1387:
1270:
1210:
1198:
1157:
1145:
1133:
1121:
1109:
1097:
1085:
1073:
1061:
1037:
1010:
980:
743:
662:
33:
2649:
2183:
1800:
2274:
2118:
2078:Bierbach, Jeremy B. (2 September 2015).
2077:
1851:
1836:
1824:
1812:
1776:
1764:
1752:
1740:
1709:
1697:
1685:
1673:
1649:
1637:
1586:
1559:
1542:
1530:
1513:
1498:
1486:
1462:
1438:
1426:
1399:
1351:
1324:
1312:
1297:
1285:
1174:
692:
4762:Nigeria and the Commonwealth of Nations
2739:
2554:
2362:Prelude to the Partition of West Africa
2218:
2143:
1999:
1661:
1613:
1474:
1414:
1375:
1339:
995:
951:
4749:
2764:
2625:
1625:
1574:
167:
4726:British Overseas Territories Act 2002
4650:British nationality law and Hong Kong
4287:
2878:
2837:from the original on 10 December 2021
2674:
2579:
2478:
2322:Electronic Journal of Comparative Law
2312:
2297:
2256:(Second ed.). Lanham, Maryland:
2122:Cameroon: Dependence and Independence
1962:
1363:
1258:
1246:
1234:
1222:
918:
881:
869:
857:
845:
833:
821:
809:
794:
779:
767:
755:
731:
716:
704:
677:
650:
4660:British Overseas Territories citizen
2904:
2609:10.1093/acref/9780195337709.001.0001
2518:"Report on Citizenship Law: Nigeria"
2410:10.1093/acref/9780195176322.001.0001
2391:
2106:from the original on 17 January 2021
939:
622:The 1974 constitution, according to
151:
2433:Transactions of the Grotius Society
2427:Llewellyn-Jones, Frederick (1929).
2184:Enonchong, Laura-Stella E. (2021).
184:
13:
2651:10.1111/j.1468-2230.1963.tb00704.x
2508:from the original on 26 June 2021.
2429:"The Nationality of Married Women"
2277:Fransman's British Nationality Law
2214:from the original on 23 July 2021.
14:
4773:
2851:
2542:from the original on 26 June 2021
2313:Glenn, Jane Matthews (May 2008).
2000:Baldwin, M. Page (October 2001).
388:year, these were joined into the
4544:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
4266:
4265:
2987:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2727:from the original on 28 May 2019
2703:"Country Report: United Kingdom"
2253:Historical Dictionary of Nigeria
2207:. Mutua, Makau W. (series ed.).
1187:Falola, Genova & Heaton 2018
1050:Falola, Genova & Heaton 2018
1026:Falola, Genova & Heaton 2018
969:Falola, Genova & Heaton 2018
526:Post-independence (1960–present)
4132:Birth aboard aircraft and ships
2833:. Report #A/HRC/WG.6/31/NGA/2.
2829:(Report). Geneva, Switzerland:
2225:History of Education in Nigeria
1955:
887:
616:
602:
547:, voted to join an independent
4680:Permanent resident (Australia)
3969:Federated States of Micronesia
3333:St. Vincent and the Grenadines
2779:Australian National University
2771:The Journal of Pacific History
2684:Law Under Exogenous Influences
2626:Polack, Kenneth (March 1963).
2516:; Momoh, Solomon (July 2020).
2396:. In Stearns, Peter N. (ed.).
610:United Nations trust agreement
136:whose parents are unknown are
108:Acquiring Nigerian nationality
1:
4731:Canadian Citizenship Act 1946
2765:Tagupa, William (June 1994).
2718:European University Institute
2533:European University Institute
633:
421:Southern Nigeria Protectorate
417:Northern Nigeria Protectorate
370:Britain annexed Lagos as the
4716:British Nationality Act 1981
4250:British Overseas Territories
638:
535:and their father was not an
493:British Nationality Act 1948
7:
4690:UK Ancestry Entry Clearance
4685:Permanent resident (Canada)
4120:Renunciation of citizenship
2858:Nigeria Immigration Service
2740:Strayer, Robert W. (2011).
2016:University of Chicago Press
402:1884–1885 Berlin Conference
321:In 1830, the course of the
115:
10:
4778:
4670:Indefinite leave to remain
2682:. In Suksi, Markku (ed.).
2301:Nigeria under British Rule
2159:Amsterdam University Press
2119:DeLancey, Mark W. (1989).
2007:Journal of British Studies
653:, pp. 32–34, 36, 135.
586:Universal Periodic Reviews
475:self-governing territories
366:British period (1861–1960)
197:
17:
4708:
4638:Rights, issues, and visas
4637:
4339:
4321:
4245:
4219:
4161:
4102:
4055:
3956:
3846:
3673:
3666:
3435:
3360:
3217:
3210:
2919:
2912:
2787:10.1080/00223349408572756
2746:. Boston, Massachusetts:
2558:The Nigerian Legal System
2555:Mwalimu, Charles (2005).
2485:Citizenship Law in Africa
2275:Fransman, Laurie (2011).
545:southern British Cameroon
455:British Protected Persons
333:, a German explorer from
312:Transatlantic Slave Trade
172:Nigerians are allowed to
58:
48:
41:
32:
27:
4757:Nigerian nationality law
4315:Commonwealth citizenship
2967:Central African Republic
2258:Rowman & Littlefield
2014:(4). Chicago, Illinois:
595:
350:. Britain purchased the
20:Nigerien nationality law
18:Not to be confused with
4323:Commonwealth of Nations
4065:Commonwealth of Nations
2868:29 October 2013 at the
2601:Oxford University Press
2599:. Oxford, Oxfordshire:
2402:Oxford University Press
2400:. Oxford, Oxfordshire:
2281:Bloomsbury Professional
2089:University of Amsterdam
78:Constitution of Nigeria
3879:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2827:Compilation on Nigeria
2597:Encyclopedia of Africa
2589:Gates Jr., Henry Louis
2365:. New York, New York:
1935:Manby & Momoh 2020
1920:Manby & Momoh 2020
1908:Manby & Momoh 2020
1896:Manby & Momoh 2020
1881:Manby & Momoh 2020
1869:Manby & Momoh 2020
1789:Manby & Momoh 2020
1729:Manby & Momoh 2020
1599:Sawyer & Wray 2014
1388:Manby & Momoh 2020
744:Manby & Momoh 2020
663:Manby & Momoh 2020
569:second military regime
394:Oil River Protectorate
390:United African Company
90:Commonwealth countries
4675:Irish nationality law
4534:Saint Kitts and Nevis
4349:Antigua & Barbuda
4262:Partially recognized.
3127:São Tomé and Príncipe
2593:Appiah, Kwame Anthony
2125:. Boulder, Colorado:
1827:, pp. 1150–1151.
1712:, pp. 1783–1785.
1688:, pp. 174, 1781.
400:', culminated in the
102:Commonwealth citizens
43:Parliament of Nigeria
4665:Commonwealth citizen
4331:Commonwealth citizen
4201:Second-class citizen
4174:Multiple citizenship
3643:United Arab Emirates
3277:(Kingdom of Denmark)
2712:(revised ed.).
2642:Blackwell Publishers
2392:Judd, Denis (2008).
2161:. pp. 551–586.
2149:"15. United Kingdom"
1451:Llewellyn-Jones 1929
1237:, pp. 170, 174.
1052:, pp. xxiii, 6.
162:President of Nigeria
76:is regulated by the
53:President of Nigeria
4599:Trinidad and Tobago
4191:Permanent residency
4110:Loss of citizenship
4085:Caribbean Community
3338:Trinidad and Tobago
3323:St. Kitts and Nevis
3225:Antigua and Barbuda
2357:Hargreaves, John D.
1545:, pp. 175–176.
1441:, pp. 150–151.
533:diplomatic immunity
467:Imperial Conference
398:Scramble for Africa
285:Trans-Saharan trade
275:of the Edo and the
168:Loss of nationality
62:Current legislation
4709:Acts of Parliament
3265:Dominican Republic
2748:St. Martin's Press
2367:St. Martin's Press
2343:on 26 October 2020
2306:Barnes & Noble
2228:. Abingdon, Oxon:
2087:(PhD). Amsterdam:
1225:, pp. 35, 37.
782:, pp. 55, 61.
719:, pp. 51, 55.
378:and Palma, in the
257:Kanem–Bornu Empire
4744:
4743:
4695:UK right of abode
4281:
4280:
4255:Open border with
4098:
4097:
3952:
3951:
3431:
3430:
3351:US Virgin Islands
3278:
3002:Equatorial Guinea
2757:978-0-312-48916-8
2693:978-951-29-0284-2
2633:Modern Law Review
2618:978-0-19-533770-9
2572:978-0-8204-7125-9
2498:978-1-928331-08-7
2419:978-0-19-517632-2
2290:978-1-84592-095-1
2267:978-1-5381-1313-4
2239:978-0-429-84712-7
2204:978-1-138-49310-0
2168:978-90-5356-921-4
1201:, pp. 59–61.
1160:, pp. 57–58.
1112:, pp. 50–51.
758:, pp. 5, 50.
665:, pp. 6, 22.
152:By naturalisation
66:
65:
4769:
4736:Ireland Act 1949
4700:Windrush scandal
4524:Papua New Guinea
4341:Nationality laws
4308:
4301:
4294:
4285:
4284:
4269:
4268:
4115:Denaturalization
4004:Papua New Guinea
3989:Marshall Islands
3671:
3670:
3276:
3215:
3214:
2917:
2916:
2906:Nationality laws
2899:
2892:
2885:
2876:
2875:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2761:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2726:
2707:
2697:
2671:
2653:
2622:
2576:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2541:
2522:
2509:
2507:
2490:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2423:
2388:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2342:
2336:. Archived from
2319:
2309:
2294:
2271:
2243:
2220:Fafunwa, A. Babs
2215:
2213:
2192:
2180:
2140:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2105:
2086:
2074:
2072:
2070:
1996:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1923:
1922:, pp. 5, 9.
1917:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1855:
1849:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1804:
1798:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1726:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1563:
1557:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1517:
1511:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1337:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1244:
1238:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1064:, pp. 4, 7.
1059:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1014:
1008:
999:
993:
984:
978:
972:
971:, p. xxiii.
966:
955:
949:
943:
937:
922:
916:
899:
898:
891:
885:
879:
873:
867:
861:
855:
849:
843:
837:
831:
825:
819:
813:
807:
798:
792:
783:
777:
771:
765:
759:
753:
747:
741:
735:
729:
720:
714:
708:
702:
696:
690:
681:
675:
666:
660:
654:
648:
627:
620:
614:
606:
561:1966 coup d'état
553:British Cameroon
465:In 1911, at the
425:Colonial Nigeria
339:James Richardson
191:dual nationality
185:Dual nationality
37:
25:
24:
4777:
4776:
4772:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4767:
4766:
4747:
4746:
4745:
4740:
4704:
4645:Belonger status
4633:
4569:Solomon Islands
4335:
4317:
4312:
4282:
4277:
4241:
4215:
4196:Right of return
4157:
4094:
4057:
4051:
4014:Solomon Islands
3948:
3914:Northern Cyprus
3909:North Macedonia
3842:
3677:
3662:
3427:
3356:
3206:
2908:
2903:
2870:Wayback Machine
2854:
2849:
2840:
2838:
2815:
2813:
2758:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2714:Badia Fiesolana
2705:
2694:
2619:
2573:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2529:Badia Fiesolana
2520:
2505:
2499:
2488:
2469:
2467:
2441:Grotius Society
2420:
2377:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2317:
2291:
2268:
2240:
2211:
2205:
2190:
2169:
2137:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2084:
2068:
2066:
1958:
1953:
1945:
1941:
1933:
1926:
1918:
1914:
1910:, pp. 7–8.
1906:
1902:
1894:
1887:
1879:
1875:
1867:
1858:
1854:, p. 1151.
1850:
1843:
1839:, p. 1160.
1835:
1831:
1823:
1819:
1811:
1807:
1799:
1795:
1791:, pp. 3–4.
1787:
1783:
1779:, p. 1158.
1775:
1771:
1767:, p. 1157.
1763:
1759:
1755:, p. 1156.
1751:
1747:
1743:, p. 1150.
1739:
1735:
1727:
1716:
1708:
1704:
1700:, p. 1781.
1696:
1692:
1684:
1680:
1672:
1668:
1660:
1656:
1652:, p. 1779.
1648:
1644:
1640:, p. 1778.
1636:
1632:
1624:
1620:
1612:
1605:
1597:
1593:
1585:
1581:
1573:
1566:
1558:
1549:
1541:
1537:
1533:, p. 1149.
1529:
1520:
1512:
1505:
1497:
1493:
1485:
1481:
1473:
1469:
1461:
1457:
1449:
1445:
1437:
1433:
1425:
1421:
1413:
1406:
1398:
1394:
1386:
1382:
1374:
1370:
1362:
1358:
1350:
1346:
1338:
1331:
1323:
1319:
1311:
1304:
1296:
1292:
1288:, p. 1148.
1284:
1277:
1271:Hargreaves 1963
1269:
1265:
1257:
1253:
1245:
1241:
1233:
1229:
1221:
1217:
1211:Hargreaves 1963
1209:
1205:
1199:Hargreaves 1963
1197:
1193:
1189:, p. xxiv.
1185:
1181:
1177:, p. 1147.
1173:
1164:
1158:Hargreaves 1963
1156:
1152:
1146:Hargreaves 1963
1144:
1140:
1134:Hargreaves 1963
1132:
1128:
1122:Hargreaves 1963
1120:
1116:
1110:Hargreaves 1963
1108:
1104:
1098:Hargreaves 1963
1096:
1092:
1088:, pp. 8–9.
1086:Hargreaves 1963
1084:
1080:
1074:Hargreaves 1963
1072:
1068:
1062:Hargreaves 1963
1060:
1056:
1048:
1044:
1038:Hargreaves 1963
1036:
1032:
1024:
1017:
1011:Hargreaves 1963
1009:
1002:
994:
987:
981:Hargreaves 1963
979:
975:
967:
958:
950:
946:
938:
925:
917:
902:
893:
892:
888:
880:
876:
868:
864:
856:
852:
844:
840:
832:
828:
820:
816:
808:
801:
793:
786:
778:
774:
766:
762:
754:
750:
742:
738:
730:
723:
715:
711:
703:
699:
691:
684:
680:, pp. 6–7.
676:
669:
661:
657:
649:
645:
641:
636:
631:
630:
621:
617:
607:
603:
598:
549:French Cameroon
528:
512:Belonger status
507:right of return
502:
463:
368:
316:Hugh Clapperton
205:
200:
189:Nigeria allows
187:
170:
154:
118:
110:
73:nationality law
49:Enacted by
23:
12:
11:
5:
4775:
4765:
4764:
4759:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4712:
4710:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4641:
4639:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4614:United Kingdom
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4345:
4343:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4333:
4327:
4325:
4319:
4318:
4311:
4310:
4303:
4296:
4288:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4275:
4263:
4260:
4253:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4187:
4186:
4176:
4171:
4165:
4163:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4141:
4134:
4127:Naturalization
4124:
4123:
4122:
4117:
4106:
4104:
4100:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4080:Nordic Council
4077:
4072:
4070:European Union
4067:
4061:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4033:American Samoa
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3960:
3958:
3954:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3946:
3944:United Kingdom
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3850:
3848:
3847:Rest of Europe
3844:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3713:Czech Republic
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3684:
3682:
3675:European Union
3668:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
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3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
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3439:
3437:
3433:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3364:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3221:
3219:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3192:Western Sahara
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2982:Congo Republic
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2923:
2921:
2914:
2910:
2909:
2902:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2860:
2853:
2852:External links
2850:
2848:
2847:
2822:
2762:
2756:
2737:
2698:
2692:
2672:
2623:
2617:
2577:
2571:
2552:
2514:Manby, Bronwen
2510:
2497:
2480:Manby, Bronwen
2476:
2424:
2418:
2389:
2375:
2353:
2310:
2295:
2289:
2272:
2266:
2244:
2238:
2216:
2203:
2181:
2177:j.ctt46n00f.19
2167:
2141:
2135:
2127:Westview Press
2116:
2075:
2024:10.1086/386266
1997:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1939:
1924:
1912:
1900:
1885:
1873:
1856:
1841:
1829:
1817:
1805:
1801:Enonchong 2021
1793:
1781:
1769:
1757:
1745:
1733:
1714:
1702:
1690:
1678:
1676:, p. 174.
1666:
1664:, p. 561.
1654:
1642:
1630:
1618:
1616:, p. 252.
1603:
1591:
1589:, p. 264.
1579:
1577:, p. 144.
1564:
1547:
1535:
1518:
1516:, p. 163.
1503:
1501:, p. 149.
1491:
1489:, p. 155.
1479:
1477:, p. 528.
1467:
1465:, p. 151.
1455:
1453:, p. 123.
1443:
1431:
1429:, p. 148.
1419:
1417:, p. 527.
1404:
1402:, p. 145.
1392:
1380:
1378:, p. 526.
1368:
1356:
1354:, p. 138.
1344:
1342:, p. 525.
1329:
1327:, p. 131.
1317:
1315:, p. 130.
1302:
1300:, p. 129.
1290:
1275:
1273:, p. 336.
1263:
1261:, p. 254.
1251:
1249:, p. 175.
1239:
1227:
1215:
1203:
1191:
1179:
1162:
1150:
1138:
1126:
1114:
1102:
1090:
1078:
1066:
1054:
1042:
1030:
1015:
1000:
985:
973:
956:
954:, p. 696.
944:
923:
900:
897:. 21 May 2024.
886:
874:
872:, p. 110.
862:
860:, p. 104.
850:
848:, p. 114.
838:
826:
814:
799:
784:
772:
760:
748:
736:
721:
709:
697:
682:
667:
655:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
629:
628:
615:
600:
599:
597:
594:
527:
524:
501:
498:
462:
459:
433:British Empire
367:
364:
331:Heinrich Barth
281:Hausa Kingdoms
269:Hausa Kingdoms
263:, Nigeria and
253:Yoruba peoples
204:
201:
199:
196:
186:
183:
169:
166:
157:Naturalisation
153:
150:
149:
148:
145:
117:
114:
109:
106:
64:
63:
56:
55:
50:
46:
45:
39:
38:
30:
29:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4774:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
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4737:
4734:
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4707:
4701:
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4688:
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4683:
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4678:
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4380:
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4332:
4329:
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4326:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4309:
4304:
4302:
4297:
4295:
4290:
4289:
4286:
4274:
4273:
4264:
4261:
4258:
4257:Schengen Area
4254:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4244:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4206:Statelessness
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4185:
4182:
4181:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4154:
4151:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4140:
4139:
4138:Ius sanguinis
4135:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4125:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4091:
4090:African Union
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4058:organizations
4056:International
4054:
4048:
4045:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4029:United States
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3955:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3773:Liechtenstein
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3680:Schengen Area
3676:
3672:
3669:
3665:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
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3586:
3584:
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3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3343:United States
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3042:Guinea-Bissau
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
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2978:
2975:
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2968:
2965:
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2960:
2958:
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2940:
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2922:
2918:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2900:
2895:
2893:
2888:
2886:
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2880:
2877:
2871:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2823:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2763:
2759:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2744:
2738:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2710:cadmus.eui.eu
2704:
2699:
2695:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2643:
2640:(2). London:
2639:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2620:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2559:
2553:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2525:cadmus.eui.eu
2519:
2515:
2511:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2477:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2376:9780333051627
2372:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2354:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2316:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2296:
2292:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2273:
2269:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2248:Falola, Toyin
2245:
2241:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2217:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2196:
2189:
2188:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2136:1-85521-053-3
2132:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2117:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2082:
2076:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1960:
1948:
1943:
1936:
1931:
1929:
1921:
1916:
1909:
1904:
1897:
1892:
1890:
1882:
1877:
1870:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1853:
1852:Fransman 2011
1848:
1846:
1838:
1837:Fransman 2011
1833:
1826:
1825:Fransman 2011
1821:
1815:, p. 43.
1814:
1813:DeLancey 1989
1809:
1803:, p. 17.
1802:
1797:
1790:
1785:
1778:
1777:Fransman 2011
1773:
1766:
1765:Fransman 2011
1761:
1754:
1753:Fransman 2011
1749:
1742:
1741:Fransman 2011
1737:
1730:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1711:
1710:Fransman 2011
1706:
1699:
1698:Fransman 2011
1694:
1687:
1686:Fransman 2011
1682:
1675:
1674:Fransman 2011
1670:
1663:
1658:
1651:
1650:Fransman 2011
1646:
1639:
1638:Fransman 2011
1634:
1628:, p. 34.
1627:
1622:
1615:
1610:
1608:
1601:, p. 12.
1600:
1595:
1588:
1587:Bierbach 2015
1583:
1576:
1571:
1569:
1562:, p. 69.
1561:
1560:Fransman 2011
1556:
1554:
1552:
1544:
1543:Fransman 2011
1539:
1532:
1531:Fransman 2011
1527:
1525:
1523:
1515:
1514:Fransman 2011
1510:
1508:
1500:
1499:Fransman 2011
1495:
1488:
1487:Fransman 2011
1483:
1476:
1471:
1464:
1463:Fransman 2011
1459:
1452:
1447:
1440:
1439:Fransman 2011
1435:
1428:
1427:Fransman 2011
1423:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1401:
1400:Fransman 2011
1396:
1389:
1384:
1377:
1372:
1365:
1360:
1353:
1352:Fransman 2011
1348:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1326:
1325:Fransman 2011
1321:
1314:
1313:Fransman 2011
1309:
1307:
1299:
1298:Fransman 2011
1294:
1287:
1286:Fransman 2011
1282:
1280:
1272:
1267:
1260:
1255:
1248:
1243:
1236:
1231:
1224:
1219:
1213:, p. 61.
1212:
1207:
1200:
1195:
1188:
1183:
1176:
1175:Fransman 2011
1171:
1169:
1167:
1159:
1154:
1148:, p. 56.
1147:
1142:
1136:, p. 54.
1135:
1130:
1124:, p. 53.
1123:
1118:
1111:
1106:
1100:, p. 62.
1099:
1094:
1087:
1082:
1076:, p. 35.
1075:
1070:
1063:
1058:
1051:
1046:
1040:, p. 34.
1039:
1034:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1012:
1007:
1005:
998:, p. 74.
997:
992:
990:
982:
977:
970:
965:
963:
961:
953:
948:
941:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
920:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
896:
890:
884:, p. 74.
883:
878:
871:
866:
859:
854:
847:
842:
836:, p. 67.
835:
830:
824:, p. 57.
823:
818:
812:, p. 85.
811:
806:
804:
797:, p. 93.
796:
791:
789:
781:
776:
770:, p. 55.
769:
764:
757:
752:
745:
740:
734:, p. 92.
733:
728:
726:
718:
713:
707:, p. 34.
706:
701:
694:
693:Fransman 2011
689:
687:
679:
674:
672:
664:
659:
652:
647:
643:
625:
624:Bronwen Manby
619:
611:
605:
601:
593:
591:
587:
582:
578:
574:
570:
565:
562:
557:
554:
550:
546:
540:
538:
534:
523:
521:
516:
513:
508:
497:
494:
488:
485:
481:
476:
472:
468:
458:
456:
451:
450:laws in place
447:
443:
438:
434:
428:
426:
422:
418:
412:
410:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
386:
381:
377:
373:
363:
361:
355:
353:
349:
345:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
209:ethnic groups
195:
192:
182:
180:
179:denaturalised
175:
165:
163:
158:
146:
143:
142:
141:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
113:
105:
103:
98:
96:
95:jus sanguinis
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
74:
71:
61:
57:
54:
51:
47:
44:
40:
36:
31:
26:
21:
16:
4574:South Africa
4559:Sierra Leone
4513:
4271:
4237:Soviet Union
4232:Ancient Rome
4227:Nazi Germany
4153:Repatriation
4143:
4136:
4103:By procedure
3638:Turkmenistan
3593:Saudi Arabia
3157:South Africa
3142:Sierra Leone
3116:
2947:Burkina Faso
2913:By continent
2839:. Retrieved
2814:. Retrieved
2774:
2770:
2742:
2729:. Retrieved
2709:
2683:
2676:Rosas, Allan
2637:
2631:
2596:
2557:
2544:. Retrieved
2524:
2484:
2468:. Retrieved
2436:
2432:
2397:
2361:
2345:. Retrieved
2338:the original
2325:
2321:
2300:
2276:
2252:
2224:
2186:
2153:
2145:Dummett, Ann
2121:
2108:. Retrieved
2080:
2067:. Retrieved
2011:
2005:
1968:
1964:
1956:Bibliography
1949:, p. 6.
1942:
1937:, p. 7.
1915:
1903:
1898:, p. 5.
1883:, p. 6.
1876:
1871:, p. 4.
1832:
1820:
1808:
1796:
1784:
1772:
1760:
1748:
1736:
1731:, p. 3.
1705:
1693:
1681:
1669:
1662:Dummett 2006
1657:
1645:
1633:
1621:
1614:Mwalimu 2005
1594:
1582:
1538:
1494:
1482:
1475:Baldwin 2001
1470:
1458:
1446:
1434:
1422:
1415:Baldwin 2001
1395:
1390:, p. 2.
1383:
1376:Baldwin 2001
1371:
1366:, p. 4.
1359:
1347:
1340:Baldwin 2001
1320:
1293:
1266:
1254:
1242:
1230:
1218:
1206:
1194:
1182:
1153:
1141:
1129:
1117:
1105:
1093:
1081:
1069:
1057:
1045:
1033:
1028:, p. 6.
1013:, p. 4.
996:Fafunwa 2018
983:, p. 8.
976:
952:Strayer 2011
947:
889:
877:
865:
853:
841:
829:
817:
775:
763:
751:
746:, p. 1.
739:
712:
700:
695:, p. 4.
658:
646:
618:
604:
566:
558:
541:
529:
519:
517:
503:
489:
483:
479:
464:
429:
413:
380:Borno region
372:Lagos Colony
369:
356:
320:
304:Missionaries
297:
273:Benin Empire
206:
188:
171:
155:
119:
111:
99:
68:
67:
59:
15:
4539:Saint Lucia
4509:New Zealand
4359:The Bahamas
4211:Travel visa
4169:Citizenship
3994:New Zealand
3838:Switzerland
3793:Netherlands
3603:South Korea
3583:Philippines
3563:North Korea
3443:Afghanistan
3347:Puerto Rico
3270:El Salvador
3162:South Sudan
3047:Ivory Coast
2841:10 December
2644:: 138–155.
2581:Ndibe, Okey
2443:: 121–138.
2018:: 522–556.
1626:Tagupa 1994
1575:Polack 1963
537:enemy alien
442:legitimated
348:Fula jihads
323:Lower Niger
308:Benin River
241:Tiv peoples
122:nationality
86:citizenship
82:nationality
4751:Categories
4554:Seychelles
4494:Mozambique
4424:The Gambia
4364:Bangladesh
3924:San Marino
3904:Montenegro
3869:Azerbaijan
3783:Luxembourg
3648:Uzbekistan
3618:Tajikistan
3523:Kyrgyzstan
3518:Kazakhstan
3478:East Timor
3453:Bangladesh
3275:Greenland
3250:Costa Rica
3152:Somaliland
3137:Seychelles
3102:Mozambique
3087:Mauritania
3072:Madagascar
3027:The Gambia
2962:Cape Verde
2811:6015501156
2668:4794706569
2563:Peter Lang
2546:8 December
2465:5544683551
2439:. London:
2385:1088136898
2347:8 February
2097:1030964358
2048:4637986477
1993:5545120186
1364:Glenn 2008
1259:Anene 1959
1247:Geary 1965
1235:Geary 1965
1223:Geary 1965
919:Ndibe 2010
882:Manby 2016
870:Manby 2016
858:Manby 2016
846:Manby 2016
834:Manby 2016
822:Manby 2016
810:Manby 2016
795:Manby 2016
780:Manby 2016
768:Manby 2016
756:Manby 2016
732:Manby 2016
717:Manby 2016
705:Rosas 1994
678:Manby 2016
651:Manby 2016
634:References
437:common law
277:Oyo Empire
130:foundlings
4579:Sri Lanka
4564:Singapore
4489:Mauritius
4354:Australia
4162:By result
3964:Australia
3778:Lithuania
3608:Sri Lanka
3598:Singapore
3578:Palestine
3488:Indonesia
3423:Venezuela
3368:Argentina
3328:St. Lucia
3313:Nicaragua
3288:Guatemala
3092:Mauritius
2795:0022-3344
2781:: 19–35.
2660:0026-7961
2585:"Nigeria"
2449:1479-1234
2394:"Nigeria"
2334:1387-3091
2230:Routledge
2195:Routledge
2032:0021-9371
1977:0018-2540
940:Judd 2008
639:Citations
581:foundings
295:traders.
138:stateless
4629:Zimbabwe
4584:Tanzania
4519:Pakistan
4479:Maldives
4474:Malaysia
4459:Kiribati
4409:Eswatini
4404:Dominica
4389:Cameroon
4379:Botswana
4369:Barbados
4272:Category
4184:Internal
4179:Passport
4145:Ius soli
4075:Mercosur
3984:Kiribati
3823:Slovenia
3818:Slovakia
3808:Portugal
3698:Bulgaria
3628:Thailand
3573:Pakistan
3548:Mongolia
3543:Malaysia
3468:Cambodia
3413:Suriname
3403:Paraguay
3388:Colombia
3298:Honduras
3260:Dominica
3235:Barbados
3211:Americas
3202:Zimbabwe
3172:Tanzania
3017:Ethiopia
3012:Eswatini
2992:Djibouti
2957:Cameroon
2942:Botswana
2866:Archived
2835:Archived
2803:25169200
2722:Archived
2678:(1994).
2595:(eds.).
2583:(2010).
2537:Archived
2503:Archived
2482:(2016).
2470:25 March
2359:(1963).
2222:(2018).
2209:Archived
2147:(2006).
2101:Archived
2069:25 March
2056:18161209
1985:41970637
520:jus soli
484:jus soli
409:monopoly
406:de facto
344:Timbuktu
174:renounce
126:jus soli
124:through
116:By birth
70:Nigerian
4619:Vanuatu
4514:Nigeria
4499:Namibia
4464:Lesotho
4449:Jamaica
4434:Grenada
4220:Defunct
4047:Vanuatu
3957:Oceania
3939:Ukraine
3894:Moldova
3884:Georgia
3874:Belarus
3864:Andorra
3859:Armenia
3854:Albania
3813:Romania
3758:Ireland
3753:Iceland
3748:Hungary
3738:Germany
3728:Finland
3723:Estonia
3718:Denmark
3703:Croatia
3693:Belgium
3688:Austria
3653:Vietnam
3553:Myanmar
3538:Lebanon
3448:Bahrain
3418:Uruguay
3393:Ecuador
3373:Bolivia
3303:Jamaica
3283:Grenada
3230:Bahamas
3182:Tunisia
3147:Somalia
3132:Senegal
3117:Nigeria
3107:Namibia
3097:Morocco
3062:Liberia
3057:Lesotho
3007:Eritrea
2977:Comoros
2952:Burundi
2927:Algeria
2816:14 June
2731:17 June
2110:18 June
2064:5762190
2040:3070746
457:(BPP).
360:Dahomey
335:Hamburg
327:Badagry
198:History
134:orphans
60:Status:
4624:Zambia
4609:Uganda
4604:Tuvalu
4529:Rwanda
4469:Malawi
4439:Guyana
4399:Cyprus
4394:Canada
4384:Brunei
4374:Belize
4024:Tuvalu
3934:Turkey
3929:Serbia
3919:Russia
3899:Monaco
3889:Kosovo
3833:Sweden
3803:Poland
3798:Norway
3768:Latvia
3743:Greece
3733:France
3708:Cyprus
3667:Europe
3633:Turkey
3623:Taiwan
3528:Kuwait
3513:Jordan
3503:Israel
3463:Brunei
3458:Bhutan
3398:Guyana
3378:Brazil
3318:Panama
3308:Mexico
3245:Canada
3240:Belize
3197:Zambia
3187:Uganda
3122:Rwanda
3077:Malawi
3037:Guinea
2932:Angola
2920:Africa
2809:
2801:
2793:
2754:
2690:
2666:
2658:
2615:
2569:
2495:
2463:
2457:742756
2455:
2447:
2416:
2383:
2373:
2332:
2287:
2264:
2236:
2201:
2175:
2165:
2133:
2095:
2062:
2054:
2046:
2038:
2030:
1991:
1983:
1975:
613:exist.
480:person
385:Lokoja
352:Danish
293:Berber
255:. The
251:, and
239:, and
233:Kanuri
225:Igbira
4594:Tonga
4549:Samoa
4504:Nauru
4484:Malta
4454:Kenya
4444:India
4429:Ghana
4419:Gabon
4019:Tonga
4009:Samoa
3999:Palau
3979:Nauru
3828:Spain
3788:Malta
3763:Italy
3658:Yemen
3613:Syria
3588:Qatar
3558:Nepal
3508:Japan
3483:India
3473:China
3383:Chile
3361:South
3293:Haiti
3218:North
3167:Sudan
3112:Niger
3067:Libya
3052:Kenya
3032:Ghana
3022:Gabon
2997:Egypt
2937:Benin
2799:JSTOR
2725:(PDF)
2706:(PDF)
2587:. In
2540:(PDF)
2521:(PDF)
2506:(PDF)
2489:(PDF)
2453:JSTOR
2341:(PDF)
2318:(PDF)
2212:(PDF)
2191:(PDF)
2173:JSTOR
2104:(PDF)
2085:(PDF)
2060:S2CID
2036:JSTOR
1981:JSTOR
596:Notes
376:Lekki
300:Lagos
265:Libya
229:Jukun
221:Igala
217:Idoma
213:Hausa
4589:Togo
4414:Fiji
4041:Guam
3974:Fiji
3678:and
3568:Oman
3533:Laos
3498:Iraq
3493:Iran
3436:Asia
3408:Peru
3255:Cuba
3177:Togo
3082:Mali
2972:Chad
2843:2021
2818:2021
2807:OCLC
2791:ISSN
2752:ISBN
2733:2021
2688:ISBN
2664:OCLC
2656:ISSN
2613:ISBN
2567:ISBN
2548:2021
2493:ISBN
2472:2021
2461:OCLC
2445:ISSN
2414:ISBN
2381:OCLC
2371:ISBN
2349:2021
2330:ISSN
2285:ISBN
2262:ISBN
2234:ISBN
2199:ISBN
2163:ISBN
2131:ISBN
2112:2021
2093:OCLC
2071:2021
2052:PMID
2044:OCLC
2028:ISSN
1989:OCLC
1973:ISSN
575:and
291:and
289:Arab
261:Chad
249:Igbo
237:Nupe
2783:doi
2646:doi
2605:doi
2406:doi
2020:doi
245:Edo
132:or
100:As
4753::
4039:,
4035:,
3349:,
2805:.
2797:.
2789:.
2775:29
2773:.
2769:.
2750:.
2720:.
2716::
2708:.
2662:.
2654:.
2638:26
2636:.
2630:.
2611:.
2603:.
2591:;
2565:.
2535:.
2531::
2527:.
2523:.
2501:.
2459:.
2451:.
2437:15
2435:.
2431:.
2412:.
2404:.
2379:.
2369:.
2326:12
2324:.
2320:.
2283:.
2260:.
2232:.
2197:.
2171:.
2129:.
2099:.
2091:.
2058:.
2050:.
2042:.
2034:.
2026:.
2012:40
2010:.
2004:.
1987:.
1979:.
1967:.
1927:^
1888:^
1859:^
1844:^
1717:^
1606:^
1567:^
1550:^
1521:^
1506:^
1407:^
1332:^
1305:^
1278:^
1165:^
1018:^
1003:^
988:^
959:^
926:^
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802:^
787:^
724:^
685:^
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231:,
227:,
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4043:)
4031:(
3353:)
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2760:.
2735:.
2696:.
2670:.
2648::
2621:.
2607::
2575:.
2550:.
2474:.
2422:.
2408::
2387:.
2351:.
2308:.
2293:.
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2242:.
2179:.
2139:.
2114:.
2073:.
2022::
1995:.
1969:1
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22:.
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