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He suppressed many bandit gangs. In 1776 he tried to deal with a plague of locusts. He embellished the
Alameda (Mexico City park). He promoted the drainage of the Valley of Mexico. In 1778 he planned the Mexico City street which today bears his name. On August 1, 1778, the Royal School of Surgery was
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from 1771 until his death in 1779. His military service included campaigns in Italy and
Portugal. He rose to the rank of lieutenant general while serving as inspector of coastal fortifications in Granada. In 1766, Bucareli entered the Spanish colonial administration as governor and captain general of
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Bucareli's accomplishments as viceroy included the pacifying of Indian revolts in the north, the elimination of bands of criminals that had roamed freely throughout the country, and the construction of forts at
Acapulco, Perote, and Acordada. He also fostered projects to drain the Valley of Mexico,
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positions had been president of the
Audiencia, giving him important judicial powers along with his executive and legislative ones. The Crown had shown a strong preference for military men as viceroys, and those that did not have a military background generally had an ecclesiastical one. None were
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on August 23. He took command of the colony at San Cristóbal
Ecatepec on 22 September, and made his formal entry into Mexico City on 23 September 1771. As Spain was at peace, he immediately reduced the size of the army to save costs. Before the reduction, the army consisted of 10,000 infantry and
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He convened a meeting of mineowners on May 3, 1774, which developed regulations to govern the industry. In July 1776, Bucareli granted them the right to form a trade association to manage the industry (the Mining
Tribunal), and granted tax breaks to the mineowners, already very rich. One rich
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Bucareli was born on 24 January 1717 to Luis de
Bucareli, Marquess de Vallehermoso, and Ana María Ursua y Laso de la Vega, Countess of Gerena. He enlisted as a cadet in the brigade of Royal Carabineers, aged 15. After service in campaigns in Italy and Portugal, he was promoted to the rank of
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Under the reforms of 1776, the
Audiencia become more independent of the viceroy. He was not longer presiding officer. That function was taken over by the newly created regent of the Audiencia. The new tribunal was intended as a check on the viceroy. Spain issued the document
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in the colony, strongly divided over issues of the evangelization of
California. The following year he prohibited the importation of foreign goods and recalled the circulating coins in order to replace them with others containing the likeness of King
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6,000 cavalry, not including the regiment La Corona, the urban guard in Mexico City, Puebla and
Veracruz, and the companies of Alvarado and Tlacotalpan. With the reduced army, he took special care to reinforce the presidios in the north, to fight the
362:. He founded a military hospital in the old College of San Andrés. In 1776 he founded another hospital for the poor in Mexico City and on 20 January 1777, he inaugurated the hospital of San Hipólito, for the insane.
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Bucareli has been recognized as one of the most effective eighteenth-century viceroys of New Spain. He was a capable and efficient administrator who made significant contributions to the development of New Spain.
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lieutenant-general while serving as inspector of coastal fortifications in Granada. In 1766 Bucareli entered the colonial administrative service of the Spanish Crown as governor and captain-general of Cuba.
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was a longstanding governmental institution in New Spain. The first Audiencia in the colony was named on 13 December 1527. Although it was a legal court, the highest in the colony, and although the
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reformed the system of taxation, and promoted improvements in minting currency and in establishing fixed weights for coins. He encouraged the exploration and settlement of
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425:, who had already lent 400,000 pesos to the previous viceroy, lent another 800,000 to Bucareli. Romero de Terreros also donated a ship of 80 guns to the navy. Baron
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in 1764. Gálvez traveled around the colony reporting on its administration and other aspects until 1772. He had unlimited authority, outranking even the viceroy.
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An able administrator, he improved the public treasury, commerce, and the monetary system. Mexican historians consider him one of the most outstanding viceroys.
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On 25 February 1775, he inaugurated the Monte de Piedad (government pawn shop, modeled on the one in Madrid) to give assistance to the poor.
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However, supreme power within the colony was vested in the viceroy. Much power was concentrated in the viceroy's hands. One of his
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were judges, the body also exercised important legislative and sometimes executive powers in the government of New Spain.
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had begun. This fort was designed with new tactical ideas in mind, and located in the plain at Perote, Veracruz.
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794:. Mexico City: Insituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 1999.
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On 17 January 1774, the liberal government of Charles III established free trade between New Spain,
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487:) on 20 June 1776. This contained 78 articles setting out detailed instructions and standards.
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296:(24 January 1717 – 9 April 1779) was a Spanish military officer, governor of Cuba, and
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to explore the Pacific coast to the north. This expedition explored as far as Alaska.
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Allosgusstio ad Patres Concilii IV, Provincialis Mexicani, die X Octobris ann. 1771
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346:. The Indians taken prisoner were deported to Cuba, together with their families.
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Cuba. His record there earned him appointment as viceroy of New Spain in 1771.
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on 23 September 1771. He sailed from Havana on 14 August 1771, and arrived at
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It fell to Bucareli to finish the fort of San Carlos (1776), which Viceroy
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His distinguished record in Cuba led him to be appointed Viceroy of the
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A royal decree of 11 March 1776, initiated what became known as the
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asserted that Mexican miners were among the best paid in the world.
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Reglamento para el cuerpo de militares inválidos de la Nueva España
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The Viceregency of Antonio María Bucareli in New Spain, 1771-1779
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Viceroy Bucareli died in office 9 April 1779, of an attack of
381:. Bucareli sent two expeditions to lay stronger claims to the
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Some historians ascribe this reform to the influence of
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The First Bishop of Sonora: Antonio de los Reyes, O.F.M
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Representation of the two powers, church and state, by
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408:. Bucareli can be seen to the right, kneeling behind
377:, founded the port and presidio of San Francisco, in
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Collección de todas las providencias de su gobierno
792:La Audiencia en México en el reinado de Carlos III
619:Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture
393:(or Hezeta) commanded the second expedition, with
342:, who were continuing devastating incursions into
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677:Miners and Merchants in Bourbon Mexico, 1763-1810
517:On 12 February 1779, under orders from Bucareli,
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697:"Bucareli y Ursua, Antonio Maria de (1717–1779)"
802:. This is available on-line in .PDF form here:
93: and the second or maternal family name is
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309:and dispatched a naval expedition to Alaska.
588:. University of Arizona Press. p. 32.
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748:, v. 1. Mexico City: Joaquín Porrua, 1984.
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629:. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1962.
550:. He was succeeded on an interim basis by
494:, a royal inspector sent to the colony by
436:, and the recently created Viceroyalty of
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776:. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1985,
758:. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1988,
701:TSHA - Texas State Historical Association
149:23 September 1771 – 9 April 1779
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
1388:Spanish history in the Pacific Northwest
1312:Francisco Novella Azabal Pérez y Sicardo
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32:This article includes a list of general
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639:The Hispanic American Historical Review
567:, in Mexico City, are named after him.
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201:19 March 1766 – 14 August 1771
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718:"Bucareli y Ursúa, Antonio María de",
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1292:Francisco Javier de Lizana y Beaumont
1136:Juan Antonio de Vizarrón y Eguiarreta
816:
635:"Bucareli and the Interior Provinces"
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395:Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra
18:
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13:
349:In 1771 he tried to reconcile the
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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1307:Juan José Ruiz de Apodaca y Eliza
1204:Antonio María de Bucareli y Ursúa
808:
294:Antonio María de Bucareli y Ursúa
109:Antonio María de Bucareli y Ursúa
1038:Diego Osorio de Escobar y Llamas
885:
878:
731:"Antonio María Bucareli y Ursúa"
680:. Cambridge : University Press.
615:"Bucareli y Ursa, Antonio Maria"
584:Stagg, Albert L. (1 June 1976).
23:
1229:Manuel Antonio Flores Maldonado
1116:Francisco Fernández de la Cueva
1028:Francisco Fernández de la Cueva
317:Beginning of his administration
1224:Alonso Núñez de Haro y Peralta
554:, president of the Audiencia.
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1170:Agustín de Ahumada y Villalón
1013:García Sarmiento de Sotomayor
790:Sanciñena Asurmendi, Teresa,
570:
457:Great Judicial Reform of 1776
1189:Francisco Cajigal de la Vega
735:Real Academia de la Historia
613:Archer, Christon I. (2008).
85:, the first or paternal
7:
1302:Félix María Calleja del Rey
1263:Félix Berenguer de Marquina
1253:Miguel de la Grúa Talamanca
1219:Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid
1214:Matías de Gálvez y Gallardo
1092:José Sarmiento y Valladares
1043:Antonio Sebastián de Toledo
756:Fechas Históricas de México
695:Chipman, Donald E. (1994).
10:
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969:Diego Fernández de Córdoba
910:Martín Enríquez de Almanza
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772:Orozco Linares, Fernando,
722:, v. 2. Mexico City, 1987.
387:Juan Josef Pérez Hernández
80:
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1199:Carlos Francisco de Croix
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1008:Juan de Palafox y Mendoza
988:Diego Carrillo de Mendoza
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925:Álvaro Manrique de Zúñiga
915:Lorenzo Suárez de Mendoza
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729:Díaz-Trechuelo, Lourdes.
633:Bobb, Bernard E. (1954).
508:Carlos Francisco de Croix
406:Francisco Antonio Vallejo
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1165:Juan Francisco de Güemes
1018:Marcos de Torres y Rueda
746:México y sus gobernantes
527:sailed from the port of
423:Pedro Romero de Terreros
327:Viceroyalty of New Spain
1146:Pedro Cebrián y Agustín
1067:Payo Enríquez de Rivera
1023:Luis Enríquez de Guzmán
998:Lope Díez de Armendáriz
920:Pedro Moya de Contreras
674:Brading, D. A. (1971).
552:Francisco Romá y Rosell
481:Instrucción de regentes
53:more precise citations.
1317:Juan O'Donojú y O'Ryan
1248:Juan Vicente de Güemes
1121:Fernando de Alencastre
1111:Juan Ortega y Montañés
1087:Juan Ortega y Montañés
954:Juan de Mendoza y Luna
744:García Puron, Manuel,
720:Enciclopedia de México
485:Instruction to Regents
427:Alexander von Humboldt
412:
397:as second in command.
1348:Viceroys of New Spain
1258:Miguel José de Azanza
1194:Joaquín de Montserrat
774:Gobernantes de México
754:Orozco L., Fernando,
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231:Felipe de Fonsdeviela
1077:Melchor Portocarrero
621:. Gale. p. 795.
502:Later administration
298:Viceroy of New Spain
170:The Marquis of Croix
137:Viceroy of New Spain
16:Viceroy of New Spain
1383:Marquesses of Spain
1368:People from Seville
1268:José de Iturrigaray
1003:Diego López Pacheco
459:in the Indies. The
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1126:Baltasar de Zúñiga
1082:Gaspar de la Cerda
865:Antonio de Mendoza
625:Bobb, Bernard E.,
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389:was sent in 1774.
105:The Most Excellent
1343:Governors of Cuba
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1072:Tomás de la Cerda
905:Gastón de Peralta
595:978-0-8165-0549-4
563:, in Alaska, and
529:San Blas, Nayarit
383:Pacific Northwest
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1156:Ferdinand VI
791:
788:(in Spanish)
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770:(in Spanish)
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752:(in Spanish)
745:
742:(in Spanish)
734:
726:(in Spanish)
719:
716:(in Spanish)
709:
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676:
645:(1): 20–36.
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273:(1779-04-09)
271:9 April 1779
227:Succeeded by
196:
177:Succeeded by
144:
121:Portrait by
94:
90:
83:Spanish name
65:
56:
37:
1358:1779 deaths
1353:1717 births
1285:(1809–1821)
1241:(1789–1809)
1182:(1760–1789)
1180:Charles III
1158:(1746–1760)
1104:(1701–1746)
1055:(1665–1701)
981:(1621–1665)
947:(1603–1621)
898:(1566–1603)
858:(1535–1564)
849:(1535–1821)
844:Viceroys of
525:La Favorita
496:Charles III
421:mineowner,
410:Charles III
371:Juan Crespí
367:Pedro Fages
360:Charles III
351:Franciscans
278:Mexico City
217:Preceded by
210:Charles III
165:Preceded by
158:Charles III
51:introducing
1332:Categories
1239:Charles IV
1053:Charles II
945:Philip III
571:References
355:Dominicans
251:1717-01-24
34:references
979:Philip IV
896:Philip II
856:Charles V
847:New Spain
659:0018-2168
514:founded.
475:lawyers.
472:ex oficio
461:Audiencia
375:San Diego
369:and Fray
282:New Spain
197:In office
145:In office
1102:Philip V
536:pleurisy
520:Princesa
442:Acapulco
365:In 1772
344:Coahuila
331:Veracruz
91:Bucareli
81:In this
59:May 2024
710:Spanish
667:2509697
607:English
465:oidores
340:Jumanos
336:Apaches
258:Seville
206:Monarch
154:Monarch
87:surname
47:improve
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592:
546:, and
125:, 1772
36:, but
663:JSTOR
262:Spain
135:46th
95:Ursúa
796:ISBN
778:ISBN
760:ISBN
682:ISBN
655:ISSN
590:ISBN
523:and
434:Peru
353:and
338:and
268:Died
245:Born
647:doi
89:is
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