97:
887:
138:
858:
112:
150:
968:, the French left a detachment of 50 soldiers. A woman was raped, and the villagers massacred most of the Frenchmen. The French commanders had only one response to such events: to assault, sack, and burn down the offending village. This led directly to an ugly cycle of atrocity and counter-atrocity. The newly anointed King Joseph tried to be fair. He ordered French soldiers to be shot for criminal offenses and French officials to be put on trial for corruption. Nevertheless, the Calabrian insurrection soon ran out of control. The
124:
37:
912:
marked the valley's entrance and exit points. The pass behind the
Neapolitans was the weakest point in Damas' defensive layout since it could make retreat difficult. The Neapolitan general put nine battalions in the first line, defending three artillery redoubts. He bolstered the first line with cavalry support and arranged the balance of his troops in a second line. He did not guard the mountains on either flank.
1328:
845:'s division from Masséna's main body, Reynier's column reached Naples at the end of February after marching on secondary roads. Joseph now took control of the army, putting all troops near Naples under Masséna, assigning a mobile force to Reynier, and placing the forces on the Adriatic littoral under Saint-Cyr. Joseph ordered Reynier to conduct a fast march to the
916:
everything was ready. In a single file, Reynier's light infantry picked their way along the cliffs on Damas' right flank and ultimately emerged to the right and rear of their opponents. Deploying into a cloud of skirmishers, they attacked, inducing chaos in the
Neapolitan lines. At the same time, General of Brigade
870:, withdrew in front of Lechi's division on the east coast while Damas fell back south of Naples. Damas' left wing had between 6,000 and 7,000 regulars plus Calabrian militia. Rosenheim's right wing counted somewhat fewer soldiers. The commanders of the two Neapolitan wings hoped to unite their forces near
963:
against neighboring families and villages. Plundering
Imperial troops and grasping French civil authorities quickly set off a rebellion by the proud Calabrians. On the other hand, the residents of the major towns despised the Neapolitan royal government and often favored the French. The revolt flared
899:
and the 1st
Battalion of the 4th Swiss Regiment in the 1st Brigade and the three-battalion French 10th Line Infantry Regiment in the 2nd Brigade. The artillery arm had three 6-pound cannons, four 3-pound cannons, and five howitzers. The cavalry units were four squadrons each of the French 6th and 9th
865:
The
Neapolitan army was divided into two wings. The left wing under Roger de Damas consisted of 15 battalions and five squadrons, while Marshal Rosenheim's right wing had 13 battalions and 11 squadrons. Receiving word that the Neapolitan army was located to the south, Reynier left Naples and advanced
911:
Damas' left wing counted about 14,000 soldiers, only half regulars. His corps took up a strong position near
Campotenese, with his troops sheltered behind breastworks. The Neapolitans were deployed across a 1,500 yards (1,372 m) wide valley with both flanks against the mountains. Narrow defiles
840:
refused a demand to surrender. The imposing fortress dominated the coast road, so the French marshal left one division to blockade the place and advanced to Naples with a second infantry division. On 14 February, Masséna occupied Naples and Joseph made a triumphant entrance to the city the following
823:
was marching from
Austria with an additional 7,500-man division, and 3,500 more troops from northern Italy were destined for the campaign. Masséna's army numbered more than 41,000 men. While the Imperial French army's combat effectiveness was high, it suffered from maladministration. Its troops were
907:
Damas' infantry contingent counted three battalions each of the
Princess Royal and Royal Calabrian Regiments, two battalions each of the Royal Ferdinand, Royal Carolina, and Prince Royal Regiments, and one battalion each of the Royal Guard Grenadiers, Royal Abruzzi, and Royal Presidi Regiments. The
894:
In March 1806, Reynier's force consisted of his own division plus a second division under
Verdier. Reynier's all-French division included the 1st Light and 42nd Line Infantry Regiments in the 1st Brigade and the 6th Line and 23rd Light Infantry Regiments in the 2nd Brigade. All regiments had three
920:
led a frontal assault on the first line. After exchanging a few volleys with their enemies, Compère's men charged forward and captured one of the redoubts. In the face of the double attack, the
Neapolitan line crumpled, and the men fled to the valley exit. Soon, the pass was crammed with panicked
945:
on the Strait of Messina a week later. Prince Francis escaped only a few hours earlier. While Reynier chased Damas' crippled wing, Duhesme and Lechi pursued the wing led by Rosenheim and the prince. During the retreat, the Neapolitan army dissolved; only 2,000 or 3,000 regulars from both wings
915:
Reynier's troops broke camp on the morning of 9 March. A wind at their backs blew snow in the eyes of their adversaries. The French general put one brigade in his front line, ordered his light infantry to turn the Neapolitan right flank, and placed Verdier in charge of the reserve. By 3:00 PM,
921:
soldiers, and the French took 2,000 prisoners, including two generals. Total Neapolitan casualties added up to 3,000, and their artillery and baggage were also captured. French losses were unknown but light. The battle marked the end of the Neapolitan army as an effective force.
636:. Though the defenders were protected by field fortifications, a French frontal attack combined with a turning movement rapidly overran the position and routed the Neapolitans with heavy losses. The action occurred at Campotenese, a little mountain village in the municipality of
782:
on 2 December 1805 resulted in the demise of the Third Coalition. As a result, both expeditionary forces were ordered by their governments to withdraw, and they were gone by mid-January. This left Ferdinand alone to face the fury of Napoleon, who had determined to conquer the
827:
French columns lunged across the border on 8 February 1806, finding no resistance and causing panic at the Neapolitan royal court. Queen Carolina abandoned Naples on 11 February and fled to Sicily. Ferdinand had already left on 23 January. Lechi's division occupied
798:
in January 1806 and placed under the command of Masséna, though Joseph was the nominal leader. Annoyed at being demoted, Saint-Cyr clashed with Masséna and was recalled early in the campaign. The army was divided into three wings. General of Division
937:, recorded that exhausted and starving soldiers robbed, raped, and murdered the inhabitants. Courier later described the war as "one of the most diabolical waged in many years". By 13 March, Reynier covered the 60 miles (97 km) distance to
882:
under an officer named Sciarpa. The French scattered their opponents with a loss of 300 casualties and four artillery pieces. Reynier's scouts identified Damas' position on 8 March, and the French general prepared to attack the following day.
958:
had killed 50,000 people. Much of Reggio was still in ruins as late as 1813, and many churches were not rebuilt by 1806. The Calabrians were a hardy breed with an independent streak. They sometimes indulged in
687:. The Neapolitan army split into two wings and retreated before the superior forces of their opponents. At Campo Tenese, Damas attempted to stand with the left wing to give the right wing time to join him.
950:
in Sicily. The militia directly left for their homes while most of the regulars deserted the colours. Before leaving for Sicily, Francis encouraged the militia to form flying columns to fight the French.
3692:
583:
578:
476:
348:
752:
Neapolitan army added only 22,000 soldiers. Afraid that Saint-Cyr's corps might overrun his lands, the king concluded a treaty with Napoleon to remain neutral during the
992:
A typographical error caused the 6th Regiment to be listed twice. Since the author listed the 9th Regiment at Maida on p. 176, it is assumed that the 9th was intended.
510:
279:
240:
319:
1714:
558:
3677:
3657:
3271:
3595:
3568:
807:. Masséna led the 17,500 troops of the center, which were also concentrated in Rome. The 5,000 men of the left wing under General of Division
763:
violated the agreement and invited the British and Russians to land expeditionary forces in their kingdom. Napoleon had been double-crossed.
824:
poorly paid, clothed, and fed, leading the soldiers to rob the local people as a matter of course. This habit would have evil consequences.
3266:
908:
left wing cavalry comprised two squadrons each of the Prince Nr. 2 and Princess Regiments and one squadron of the Val di Mazzana Regiment.
233:
1583:
866:
with about 10,000 troops. Meanwhile, the Neapolitan wings retired before the French invasion. Rosenheim, whose column was accompanied by
668:
690:
After the defeat, the Neapolitan army disintegrated away from desertion, and only a few thousand soldiers outlasted to be evacuated to
1511:
128:
1531:
1391:
312:
836:
and reached Naples. Masséna's column quickly arrived before Gaeta, about 40 miles (64 km) north of Naples, where its commander
3176:
3538:
3196:
1573:
1332:
226:
3613:
837:
874:. Damas determined to hold a blocking position in the mountains until his colleague could reach the rendezvous. On 6 March at
3682:
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3296:
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305:
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41:
Campotenese is located in the Morano Calabro municipality. The photo of Morano Calabro shows nearby mountainous terrain.
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116:
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3186:
2814:
1643:
1309:
1287:
745:
3401:
3256:
3236:
1745:
568:
529:
3261:
1516:
3477:
3306:
3181:
2537:
1942:
749:
656:
3517:
3201:
3146:
3141:
2497:
2375:
2018:
1896:
1719:
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3573:
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1496:
1384:
867:
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481:
3151:
2884:
2783:
2451:
3563:
3301:
2476:
2224:
2139:
1851:
1563:
683:
at an end. In the second week of February 1806, the Imperial French armies poured across the border in the
917:
2602:
2304:
2038:
1992:
1987:
1760:
1704:
1419:
820:
375:
1916:
3687:
3652:
3548:
3359:
3241:
2975:
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1967:
1699:
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1433:
1412:
955:
753:
645:
329:
28:
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2673:
3442:
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2904:
2683:
2627:
2577:
2456:
2209:
2189:
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1982:
1957:
1886:
1866:
1785:
1686:
1440:
760:
737:
684:
588:
488:
466:
284:
250:
2698:
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2119:
1805:
1541:
432:
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534:
427:
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2809:
2144:
3487:
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3010:
2582:
2502:
2390:
2259:
2244:
2179:
2174:
1947:
1881:
1775:
1658:
603:
598:
461:
3462:
2748:
2713:
1800:
422:
360:
3667:
3522:
3482:
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3422:
3276:
3020:
2935:
2899:
2894:
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2718:
2703:
2234:
1952:
1856:
1790:
1740:
1724:
771:
563:
546:
524:
3427:
2114:
3226:
3126:
2990:
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2269:
2219:
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2149:
1826:
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969:
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608:
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264:
123:
2159:
1755:
901:
370:
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2008:
1810:
871:
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8:
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2214:
2184:
2164:
2098:
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2013:
1977:
1972:
1932:
1795:
1780:
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1709:
1486:
734:
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1501:
934:
833:
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517:
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2909:
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2844:
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2512:
2461:
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2426:
2416:
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2339:
2299:
2124:
2058:
2053:
1911:
1841:
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1613:
1608:
1305:
1283:
1260:
846:
784:
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727:
442:
402:
155:
143:
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3432:
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3116:
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2169:
2078:
2068:
1962:
1901:
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788:
471:
3206:
3311:
3246:
3231:
3121:
3005:
2995:
2970:
2945:
2773:
2607:
2129:
1937:
1861:
1836:
1588:
1476:
1400:
1361:
973:
942:
723:
703:
660:
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505:
407:
274:
3578:
3590:
3502:
3492:
3025:
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2728:
2527:
2279:
1623:
1603:
1593:
1553:
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930:
808:
680:
664:
637:
633:
172:
63:
1638:
3646:
3628:
3615:
3066:
1770:
1628:
1558:
390:
297:
1262:
The Napoleonic Empire in Southern Italy and the Rise of the Secret Societies
1618:
1454:
832:
on the Adriatic after only one week. The Italian general later crossed the
816:
800:
629:
353:
167:
3406:
3376:
3364:
3321:
3076:
1297:
3091:
879:
695:
965:
875:
218:
972:
would occupy the French from 26 February to 18 July. Meanwhile, the
895:
battalions. Verdier's division was made up of the three-battalions,
3056:
857:
719:
707:
672:
641:
1369:
947:
938:
886:
36:
878:, Reynier's light infantry advance guard located Damas' militia
1327:
976:
on 4 July would seriously threaten French control of Calabria.
829:
812:
775:
691:
111:
3693:
Battles during the War of the Third Coalition involving Poland
778:
on 20 November 1805. However, Napoleon's firm victory at the
67:
960:
804:
759:
As soon as Saint-Cyr's army marched north, Ferdinand and
929:
That evening, Reynier's troops camped at the village of
803:
commanded 7,500 soldiers of the right wing assembled at
722:
prepared to defend his possessions in Italy against the
632:
attack the left wing of the Royal Neapolitan Army under
740:in central Italy, and 8,000 men from the satellite
954:In 1806, much of Calabria was a rough place. The
744:. For its part, the Austrian army in Italy under
16:1806 battle during the War of the Third Coalition
3644:
3569:England expects that every man will do his duty
726:. To this end, he deployed 68,000 troops under
698:. However, the conflict was far from over. The
710:proved to be obstacles to the French victory.
327:
1385:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1125:
1123:
313:
234:
1196:
1194:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1028:
1026:
675:'s decisive victory over the Allies at the
669:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
1392:
1378:
1175:
1166:
1148:
1132:
1120:
320:
306:
241:
227:
3678:Battles of the War of the Third Coalition
1203:
1191:
1087:
1053:
1023:
885:
856:
624:(9 March 1806) saw two divisions of the
93:
3658:Battles involving the Kingdom of Naples
1282:. Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers.
1280:Napoleon's Italian Campaigns: 1805–1815
841:day. Reinforced by General of Division
3645:
1715:Planned invasion of the United Kingdom
248:
3397:Spanish American wars of independence
1373:
774:of Grodno's 7,350 Russians landed at
733:in the north, 18,000 soldiers led by
301:
222:
946:remained to be taken off by ship to
679:, Napoleon declared Bourbon rule of
3382:Franco-Swedish War (Pomeranian War)
1399:
644:. The battle was fought during the
13:
1259:Johnston, Robert Matteson (1904).
838:Prince Louis of Hesse-Philippsthal
794:Saint-Cyr's corps was renamed the
787:and hand the crown to his brother
14:
3704:
1320:
1265:. New York: The Macmillan Company
746:Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen
3257:Frederick William III of Prussia
3237:Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly
1326:
148:
136:
122:
110:
95:
35:
3377:Russo-Swedish War (Finnish War)
3307:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
1239:
1230:
1221:
1212:
1157:
1111:
986:
964:up after certain incidents. At
706:, and a bitter insurrection in
655:Following the decision by King
3292:Prince Regent John of Portugal
3202:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
3147:Frederick Augustus I of Saxony
3142:Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
1278:Schneid, Frederick C. (2002).
1078:
1069:
1044:
1035:
1014:
1005:
718:In early 1806, French Emperor
1:
3317:Prince Charles John of Sweden
1302:The Napoleonic Wars Data Book
1251:
770:'s 6,000 British and General
713:
3683:Military history of Calabria
1236:Johnston (1904), pp. 100–101
999:
924:
7:
821:Guillaume Philibert Duhesme
559:Planned invasion of Britain
206:Guns & baggage captured
10:
3709:
3673:War of the Third Coalition
3152:Frederick I of Württemberg
1522:Confederation of the Rhine
1218:Johnston (1904), pp. 92–94
956:1783 Calabrian earthquakes
754:War of the Third Coalition
646:War of the Third Coalition
331:War of the Third Coalition
200:1,000 killed & wounded
29:War of the Third Coalition
3531:
3415:
3330:
3312:Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
3302:William, Prince of Orange
3165:
3112:Pierre-Charles Villeneuve
3045:
3038:
2918:
2797:
2661:
2490:
2404:
2358:
2107:
2001:
1925:
1819:
1733:
1685:
1676:
1572:
1473:
1464:
1441:French Invasion of Russia
1407:
918:Louis Fursy Henri Compère
868:Hereditary Prince Francis
852:
738:Laurent Gouvion Saint-Cyr
702:, the British victory at
659:to ally himself with the
339:
260:
191:
178:
161:
86:
45:
34:
26:
21:
3663:Battles involving France
3222:Archduke John of Austria
3217:Prince von Schwarzenberg
3062:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
979:
3157:Frederick VI of Denmark
3107:Jean-Baptiste Bessières
1897:Greater Poland uprising
1720:Duc d'Enghien Execution
1355:Battle of Campo Tenese
1163:Schneid (2002), p. 174.
1011:Schneid (2002), pp. 3–4
933:. A French eyewitness,
3277:Ferdinand VII of Spain
1725:Coronation of Napoleon
1333:Battle of Campo Tenese
1227:Johnston (1904), p. 96
1188:Johnston (1904), p. 90
1172:Schneid (2002), p. 175
1154:Schneid (2002), p. 173
1145:Johnston (1904), p. 89
1129:Johnston (1904), p. 88
1117:Johnston (1904), p. 86
1084:Johnston (1904), p. 84
1075:Johnston (1904), p. 94
1041:Johnston (1904), p. 68
891:
862:
819:. General of Division
657:Ferdinand IV of Naples
628:Army of Naples led by
622:Battle of Campo Tenese
569:Blanc-Nez and Gris-Nez
162:Commanders and leaders
22:Battle of Campo Tenese
3629:39.87500°N 16.06667°E
3564:Conference of Dresden
3473:Paris (February 1812)
3402:Swedish–Norwegian War
3227:Alexander I of Russia
1346:Siege of Gaeta (1806)
1304:. London: Greenhill.
1209:Schneid (2002), p. 50
1108:Schneid (2002), p. 49
1066:Schneid (2002), p. 48
1032:Schneid (2002), p. 47
1020:Schneid (2002), p. 18
941:. The French reached
889:
860:
748:numbered 90,000 men.
192:Casualties and losses
3518:Fontainebleau (1814)
3072:Louis-Nicolas Davout
1993:Invasion of Portugal
1335:at Wikimedia Commons
1245:Smith (1998), p. 222
1200:Smith (1998), p. 221
1050:Smith (1998), p. 217
843:Jean-Antoine Verdier
780:Battle of Austerlitz
761:Queen Maria Carolina
677:Battle of Austerlitz
584:Lippa and St. Mathia
574:Occupation of Naples
204:8,000–9,000 deserted
3625: /
3544:Bourbon Restoration
3287:Maria I of Portugal
3272:Prince of Hohenlohe
3262:Gebhard von Blücher
2205:Neumarkt-Sankt Veit
1512:Swiss Confederation
735:General of Division
535:2nd Cape Finisterre
530:1st Cape Finisterre
482:Castelfranco Veneto
3634:39.87500; 16.06667
3559:Continental System
3554:Congress of Erfurt
3478:Paris (March 1812)
3252:Peter Wittgenstein
3177:Duke of Wellington
3132:Prince Poniatowski
3097:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
3082:Auguste de Marmont
2477:Arroyo dos Molinos
2325:Walcheren Campaign
2315:Armistice of Znaim
2210:Dalmatian Campaign
2135:Tyrolean Rebellion
935:Paul Louis Courier
902:Chasseurs à Cheval
892:
863:
834:Apennine Mountains
765:Lieutenant General
685:Invasion of Naples
518:Trafalgar campaign
489:Invasion of Naples
252:Invasion of Naples
3688:March 1806 events
3653:Conflicts in 1806
3608:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3596:Types of military
3392:Russo-Turkish War
3387:Russo-Persian War
3355:Anglo-Turkish War
3350:Anglo-Swedish War
3345:Anglo-Spanish War
3340:Anglo-Russian War
3267:Duke of Brunswick
3170:political leaders
3050:political leaders
3034:
3033:
2039:Medina de Rioseco
1761:Haslach-Jungingen
1695:French Revolution
1672:
1671:
1455:Seventh Coalition
1368:
1367:
1358:Succeeded by
1331:Media related to
897:1st Polish Legion
872:Cassano all'Ionio
847:Strait of Messina
785:Kingdom of Naples
768:James Henry Craig
617:
616:
589:Atlantic campaign
579:Wonau and Stecken
376:Haslach-Jungingen
295:
294:
217:
216:
197:Unknown but light
156:Kingdom of Sicily
144:Kingdom of Naples
82:
81:
3700:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3618:
3372:Dano-Swedish War
3360:Anglo-Danish War
3212:Archduke Charles
3127:Jérôme Bonaparte
3043:
3042:
2976:Castel di Sangro
2885:Fère-Champenoise
2538:García Hernández
2452:Fuentes de Oñoro
1968:Guttstadt-Deppen
1705:Second Coalition
1683:
1682:
1664:French Royalists
1471:
1470:
1420:Fourth Coalition
1394:
1387:
1380:
1371:
1370:
1342:Preceded by
1339:
1338:
1330:
1315:
1293:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1246:
1243:
1237:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1219:
1216:
1210:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1189:
1186:
1173:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1155:
1152:
1146:
1143:
1130:
1127:
1118:
1115:
1109:
1106:
1085:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1067:
1064:
1051:
1048:
1042:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1021:
1018:
1012:
1009:
993:
990:
789:Joseph Bonaparte
750:King Ferdinand's
742:Kingdom of Italy
640:in the north of
477:Caldiero pursuit
456:Italian campaign
334:
332:
322:
315:
308:
299:
298:
288:
255:
253:
243:
236:
229:
220:
219:
154:
152:
151:
142:
140:
139:
127:
126:
115:
114:
105:
101:
99:
98:
47:
46:
39:
19:
18:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3697:
3643:
3642:
3633:
3631:
3627:
3624:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3600:
3527:
3411:
3332:
3326:
3282:Miguel de Álava
3247:Pyotr Bagration
3242:Count Bennigsen
3232:Mikhail Kutuzov
3197:Thomas Cochrane
3169:
3167:
3161:
3122:Louis Bonaparte
3049:
3047:
3046:French and ally
3030:
2914:
2830:Château-Thierry
2793:
2657:
2628:Maloyaroslavets
2486:
2400:
2354:
2145:Yevenes/Yébenes
2103:
2019:Rosily Squadron
1997:
1921:
1887:Waren-Nossentin
1815:
1746:Cape Finisterre
1729:
1700:First Coalition
1678:
1668:
1575:
1568:
1479:
1475:
1466:
1460:
1448:Sixth Coalition
1434:Fifth Coalition
1413:Third Coalition
1403:
1401:Napoleonic Wars
1398:
1362:Battle of Maida
1359:
1354:
1352:Napoleonic Wars
1343:
1323:
1318:
1312:
1296:
1290:
1277:
1268:
1266:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1192:
1187:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1133:
1128:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1054:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1006:
1002:
997:
996:
991:
987:
982:
974:Battle of Maida
943:Reggio Calabria
927:
855:
724:Austrian Empire
716:
694:by the British
661:Austrian Empire
650:Napoleonic Wars
626:Imperial French
618:
613:
343:German campaign
335:
330:
328:
326:
296:
291:
282:
256:
251:
249:
247:
212:
207:
205:
203:
201:
149:
147:
146:
137:
135:
121:
109:
96:
94:
70:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3706:
3696:
3695:
3690:
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3675:
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3665:
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3606:
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3599:
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3593:
3591:Longwood House
3588:
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3561:
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3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
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3367:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3336:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3297:Count of Feira
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3192:Horatio Nelson
3189:
3184:
3179:
3173:
3171:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3102:Marshal Victor
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3053:
3051:
3040:
3036:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2880:Arcis-sur-Aube
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2801:
2799:
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2794:
2792:
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2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2623:Venta del Pozo
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2498:Ciudad Rodrigo
2494:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
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2419:
2414:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2376:Ciudad Rodrigo
2373:
2368:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2350:Alba de Tormes
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2250:Aspern-Essling
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
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2102:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1852:Jena–Auerstedt
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1808:
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1748:
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1669:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1624:Ottoman Empire
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1584:United Kingdom
1580:
1578:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1554:Ottoman Empire
1551:
1549:Denmark–Norway
1546:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1492:Polish Legions
1489:
1483:
1481:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1427:Peninsular War
1423:
1416:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1397:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1374:
1366:
1365:
1356:
1349:
1337:
1336:
1322:
1321:External links
1319:
1317:
1316:
1310:
1294:
1288:
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1238:
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1043:
1034:
1022:
1013:
1003:
1001:
998:
995:
994:
984:
983:
981:
978:
970:siege of Gaeta
931:Morano Calabro
926:
923:
890:Roger de Damas
854:
851:
809:Giuseppe Lechi
796:Army of Naples
715:
712:
700:siege of Gaeta
681:southern Italy
665:Russian Empire
648:, part of the
638:Morano Calabro
634:Roger de Damas
615:
614:
612:
611:
606:
601:
599:Canary Islands
596:
591:
586:
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571:
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223:
215:
214:
202:2,000 captured
198:
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185:
181:
180:
176:
175:
173:Roger de Damas
170:
164:
163:
159:
158:
133:
132:
131:
119:
117:Polish Legions
89:
88:
84:
83:
80:
79:
78:French victory
76:
72:
71:
64:Morano Calabro
61:
59:
55:
54:
51:
43:
42:
32:
31:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3705:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3668:1806 in Italy
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
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3648:
3641:
3638:
3597:
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3534:
3532:Miscellaneous
3530:
3524:
3521:
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3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
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3431:
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3426:
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3421:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3329:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3207:Manuel Lapeña
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3164:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3137:Prince Eugène
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3087:André Masséna
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3067:Joachim Murat
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3011:Rocheserviere
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
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2927:
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2911:
2908:
2906:
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2901:
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2803:
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2800:
2796:
2790:
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2702:
2700:
2699:San Sebastián
2697:
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2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2260:Sankt Michael
2258:
2256:
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2251:
2248:
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2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
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2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
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2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2175:Teugen-Hausen
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
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2148:
2146:
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2128:
2126:
2123:
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2110:
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2100:
2097:
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2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
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1971:
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1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
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1944:
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1726:
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1708:
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1698:
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1675:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
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1600:
1597:
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1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1477:client states
1472:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1395:
1390:
1388:
1383:
1381:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1364:
1363:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1313:
1311:1-85367-276-9
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1289:0-275-96875-8
1285:
1281:
1276:
1264:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1242:
1233:
1224:
1215:
1206:
1197:
1195:
1185:
1183:
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1179:
1169:
1160:
1151:
1142:
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1114:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
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1091:
1081:
1072:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1047:
1038:
1029:
1027:
1017:
1008:
1004:
989:
985:
977:
975:
971:
967:
962:
957:
952:
949:
944:
940:
936:
932:
922:
919:
913:
909:
905:
903:
898:
888:
884:
881:
877:
873:
869:
859:
850:
848:
844:
839:
835:
831:
825:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
797:
792:
790:
786:
781:
777:
773:
769:
766:
762:
757:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
736:
732:
731:André Masséna
729:
725:
721:
711:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
688:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
653:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
556:
553:Other battles
552:
551:
548:
545:
543:
542:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
522:
519:
516:
515:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
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487:
486:
483:
480:
478:
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473:
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468:
465:
463:
460:
459:
455:
454:
451:
450:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
392:
389:
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384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
358:
357:
356:
352:
350:
347:
346:
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338:
333:
323:
318:
316:
311:
309:
304:
303:
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286:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
262:
259:
254:
244:
239:
237:
232:
230:
225:
224:
221:
213:11,000-12,000
210:
199:
196:
195:
190:
186:
183:
182:
177:
174:
171:
169:
166:
165:
160:
157:
145:
134:
130:
125:
120:
118:
113:
108:
107:
106:
104:
91:
90:
85:
77:
74:
73:
69:
65:
62:Northwest of
60:
57:
56:
52:
49:
48:
44:
38:
33:
30:
25:
20:
3610:
3579:Grande Armée
3539:Bibliography
3523:Paris (1815)
3483:Paris (1814)
3468:Paris (1810)
3448:Finckenstein
3423:Campo Formio
3182:Rowland Hill
3168:military and
3048:military and
3021:Rocquencourt
2890:Saint-Dizier
2860:Bar-sur-Aube
2815:Mincio River
2310:Schöngrabern
2089:2nd Zaragoza
2029:1st Zaragoza
1983:Stralsund II
1832:Campo Tenese
1831:
1806:Schöngrabern
1791:Cape Ortegal
1741:Diamond Rock
1619:Papal States
1453:
1446:
1439:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1411:
1360:
1351:
1344:
1301:
1298:Smith, Digby
1279:
1267:. Retrieved
1261:
1241:
1232:
1223:
1214:
1205:
1168:
1159:
1150:
1113:
1080:
1071:
1046:
1037:
1016:
1007:
988:
953:
928:
914:
910:
906:
893:
864:
861:Jean Reynier
826:
817:Adriatic Sea
801:Jean Reynier
795:
793:
772:Maurice Lacy
758:
717:
689:
654:
630:Jean Reynier
621:
619:
547:Cape Ortegal
540:
525:Diamond Rock
501:Campo Tenese
500:
448:
433:Schöngrabern
355:Ulm campaign
354:
270:Campo Tenese
269:
208:
168:Jean Reynier
92:
87:Belligerents
53:9 March 1806
27:Part of the
3632: /
3407:War of 1812
3365:Gunboat War
3322:Louis XVIII
3077:Jean Lannes
2991:Quatre Bras
2981:San Germano
2931:Occhiobello
2820:Champaubert
2810:La Rothière
2734:San Marcial
2618:2nd Polotsk
2583:1st Polotsk
2568:Majadahonda
2508:Villagarcia
2437:Campo Maior
2225:Piave River
2150:Ciudad Real
2140:Villafranca
2009:Dos de Mayo
1958:Stralsund I
1710:18 Brumaire
1644:Netherlands
1542:Württemberg
904:Regiments.
283: [
129:Switzerland
3647:Categories
3620:16°04′00″E
3617:39°52′30″N
3549:Casualties
3463:Schönbrunn
3438:Artlenburg
3187:John Moore
3092:Michel Ney
2961:Scapezzano
2951:Cesenatico
2895:Montmartre
2825:Montmirail
2759:Wartenburg
2714:Großbeeren
2573:Gorodechno
2563:Klyastitsy
2543:Saltanovka
2432:Casal Novo
2305:Hollabrunn
2290:Korneuburg
2084:Somosierra
1988:Copenhagen
1811:Austerlitz
1801:Dürenstein
1537:Westphalia
1480:and allies
1252:References
880:rear guard
811:massed at
714:Background
696:Royal Navy
594:Blaauwberg
449:Austerlitz
423:Dürenstein
361:Donauwörth
3513:Casalanza
3488:Tauroggen
3443:Pressburg
3428:Lunéville
3333:conflicts
3166:Coalition
3016:La Suffel
2966:Tolentino
2850:Montereau
2835:Vauchamps
2784:Bornhöved
2739:Dennewitz
2684:Tarragona
2633:Chashniki
2533:Salamanca
2457:Tarragona
2381:Barquilla
2335:Almonacid
2295:Stockerau
2265:Stralsund
2235:2nd Porto
2215:Ebelsberg
2185:Abensberg
2155:1st Porto
2115:Castellón
2099:Benavente
2064:Valmaseda
1978:Friedland
1973:Heilsberg
1943:Ostrołęka
1933:Mohrungen
1867:Magdeburg
1796:Amstetten
1781:Trafalgar
1766:Elchingen
1751:Wertingen
1649:Brunswick
1574:Coalition
1000:Citations
966:Scigliano
961:vendettas
925:Aftermath
876:Lagonegro
541:Trafalgar
418:Mariazell
413:Amstetten
398:Mehrnbach
386:Elchingen
381:Memmingen
366:Wertingen
3584:Uniforms
3498:Chaumont
3416:Treaties
3117:Joseph I
3057:Napoleon
3001:Waterloo
2941:Casaglia
2905:Toulouse
2789:Sehested
2764:Bidassoa
2744:2nd Kulm
2729:1st Kulm
2719:Katzbach
2709:Sorauren
2704:Pyrenees
2669:Castalla
2653:Berezina
2643:Smoliani
2613:Tarutino
2598:Borodino
2588:Valutino
2578:Smolensk
2548:Ostrovno
2518:Maguilla
2482:Valencia
2472:Saguntum
2320:Talavera
2200:Ratisbon
2190:Landshut
2165:Bergisel
2160:Medellín
2074:Espinosa
2034:Valencia
1907:Czarnowo
1877:Pasewalk
1872:Prenzlau
1847:Saalfeld
1786:Caldiero
1756:Günzburg
1634:Sardinia
1609:Portugal
1300:(1998).
1269:29 March
720:Napoleon
708:Calabria
673:Napoleon
642:Calabria
511:Calabria
467:Caldiero
428:Dornbirn
371:Günzburg
280:Calabria
179:Strength
58:Location
3331:Related
2910:Bayonne
2875:Craonne
2845:Mormant
2805:Brienne
2779:Nivelle
2769:Leipzig
2724:Dresden
2694:Vitoria
2679:Bautzen
2648:Krasnoi
2593:Mesoten
2553:Vitebsk
2513:Almaraz
2503:Badajoz
2462:Albuera
2447:Almeida
2442:Sabugal
2427:Redinha
2417:Barrosa
2396:Bussaco
2391:Almeida
2371:Astorga
2340:Tamames
2300:Gefrees
2255:Alcañiz
2195:Eckmühl
2125:Corunna
2094:Sahagún
2059:Zornoza
2054:Vimeiro
2024:Cabezón
1948:Kolberg
1917:Pułtusk
1912:Golymin
1902:Hamelin
1882:Stettin
1842:Schleiz
1687:Prelude
1679:battles
1654:Hanover
1599:Prussia
1589:Austria
1527:Bavaria
1507:Etruria
1502:Holland
1474:France,
1467:gerents
948:Messina
939:Cosenza
815:on the
728:Marshal
564:Chausey
443:Wischau
438:Hanover
403:Lambach
349:Bavaria
3508:Mantua
3458:Cintra
3453:Tilsit
3433:Amiens
2971:Ancona
2956:Pesaro
2926:Panaro
2855:Orthez
2840:Garris
2754:Roßlau
2749:Göhrde
2689:Luckau
2674:Lützen
2638:Vyazma
2608:Burgos
2603:Moscow
2558:Kobryn
2467:Usagre
2422:Pombal
2412:Gebora
2285:Wagram
2245:Tarvis
2220:Girona
2180:Raszyn
2170:Sacile
2079:Tudela
2069:Burgos
2049:Roliça
2044:Bailén
1963:Mileto
1953:Danzig
1892:Lübeck
1857:Erfurt
1776:Verona
1659:Nassau
1639:Sweden
1629:Persia
1614:Sicily
1594:Russia
1576:forces
1559:Persia
1532:Saxony
1517:Naples
1487:France
1465:Belli-
1308:
1286:
853:Battle
830:Foggia
813:Ancona
776:Naples
692:Sicily
667:, and
609:Ceylon
472:Forano
462:Verona
187:14,000
184:10,000
153:
141:
103:France
100:
75:Result
3574:Films
3006:Wavre
2996:Ligny
2986:Gaeta
2946:Ronco
2936:Carpi
2900:Paris
2870:Reims
2774:Hanau
2366:Cádiz
2345:Ocaña
2330:Ölper
2275:María
2240:Wörgl
2230:Grijó
2130:Valls
2120:Uclés
2014:Bruch
1938:Eylau
1862:Halle
1837:Maida
1827:Gaeta
1677:Major
1604:Spain
1564:Spain
1497:Italy
980:Notes
704:Maida
604:Natal
506:Maida
496:Gaeta
408:Steyr
287:]
275:Maida
265:Gaeta
209:Total
68:Italy
3503:Kiel
3493:Ried
3039:Info
3026:Issy
2919:1815
2865:Laon
2798:1814
2662:1813
2528:Ekau
2491:1812
2405:1811
2359:1810
2280:Graz
2270:Raab
2108:1809
2002:1808
1926:1807
1820:1806
1734:1805
1306:ISBN
1284:ISBN
1271:2013
805:Rome
671:and
620:The
50:Date
2523:Mir
2386:Côa
1771:Ulm
391:Ulm
3649::
1193:^
1177:^
1134:^
1122:^
1089:^
1055:^
1025:^
849:.
791:.
756:.
663:,
652:.
285:it
66:,
1393:e
1386:t
1379:v
1314:.
1292:.
1273:.
321:e
314:t
307:v
242:e
235:t
228:v
211::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
