699:
had only limited vehicles, with each infantry battalion possessing four jeeps with trailers for resupply, while the engineers and artillery had several trucks and tractors. The local population, which might have been employed to carry stores, had abandoned the
Japanese due to Allied propaganda and their services were also unavailable to the Allies at the initial stages of the campaign. As a result, a large amount of stores had to be carried by combat soldiers, who were diverted to the task. Nevertheless, the Australian advance succeeded in capturing the Heldsbach plantation and the nearby airfield. It continued until the Australians came up against strong resistance around the Bumi River. There a force of around 300 Japanese sailors and marines from the 85th Naval Garrison, reinforced by elements of the 238th Infantry Regiment, established themselves in a blocking position. Although they were under orders to conform to the overall Japanese plan of delaying the Australians and then withdrawing towards Sattelberg to carry out a containment operation, the commander of the naval troops resolved to hold the position, and they subsequently held up the Australian advance on 26 September, until they were overcome through an attack on their flanks by the 2/15th Infantry Battalion.
757:, arrived in the area, as the size of the Japanese force facing the Australians increased to 12,000; nevertheless, Katagiri decided to hold off on launching his counterattack until stores and ammunition could be stockpiled in sufficient quantities. Meanwhile, the Australian 24th Infantry Brigade was subsequently given responsibility for defence-in-depth around the Heldsbach Plantation and Arndt Point, while the 20th Infantry Brigade defended around the Sattelberg Road and the Mape River, with the 22nd Infantry Battalion on their southern flank around Dreger Harbour. As troops from the 20th Infantry Brigade attempted to push towards Sattelberg, the 24th began patrol actions towards Bonga; during one of these patrols, the Allies gained a significant intelligence boon when they discovered a Japanese briefcase containing an operational order detailing plans for a coming counterattack; in addition, the Allies intercepted several Japanese radio transmissions, and deduced their intentions based upon reports of troop and ship movements. This allowed the Australians to switch to a defensive strategy instead of continuing to push on towards Sattelberg.
738:
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and air attacks to soften up the
Japanese defences prior to an attack by the 2/13th Infantry Battalion, supported by Vickers machine guns from the 2/15th. From the south, the 22nd Infantry Battalion advanced north against limited opposition. On 1 October, they crossed the Mape River adjacent to Langemak Bay, while the forward troops from the 20th Infantry Brigade, overwhelmed a Japanese force around Kakakog, supported by artillery and air power, killing between 80 and 100 defenders. Following this, the Japanese began withdrawing from Finschhafen and the next day, the 20th Infantry Brigade reached their objective, entering Finschhafen in the afternoon after overcoming limited resistance. The two forces married up the following day as troops from the 2/17th contacted the 22nd.
734:
re-orientated to defend the approaches to
Scarlet Beach. Around Jivevaneng, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) east of Sattelberg, the 2/43rd had taken up a blocking position and in the early days of October fought a Japanese attack by a battalion from the 80th Infantry Regiment along the coast road to a halt. In an effort to shore up their western flank, the Australian 2/17th Infantry Battalion pressed towards Kumawa, which was met with a fierce response from the Japanese on 5 October when their line of communication from the west was threatened. The battalion continued to fight around Jivevaneng, and on 10 October they secured a piece of high ground called the "Knoll" by the Australians, who subsequently defeated 12 attacks to take it back.
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Australian brigade commander was compelled to use combat troops to carry stores forward from the landing zone to the forward areas as motor transport was unable to transit the primitive track system. Due to concerns about their western flank, the 2/17th extended the
Australian perimeter towards Jivevaneng, establishing a company there, but it subsequently came under attack on the Sattelberg Road and west of Katika on 25 and 26 September from the Japanese 80th Infantry Regiment, which was trying to break through to the Heldsbach Plantation on the coast. Over the course of several days, the company from the 2/17th around Jivevaneng held off six Japanese attacks until relieved by the 2/43rd Infantry Battalion on 30 September.
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through to Siki Cove, where
Australian anti-aircraft gunners and artillerymen were forced to fire over "open sights" and fight back with small arms, after coming under fire from troops that had gotten under the guns. That night, the Japanese cut the 2/17th Infantry Battalion's supply route, establishing a road block astride the Jivevaneng–Sattelberg road, and cutting off the Australians defending Jivevaneng. The 2/17th and a number of other Australian units, such as most of the 2/3rd Pioneer Battalion, as well as part of the 2/28th, became isolated behind Japanese lines. In order to keep them supplied, emergency air drops of ammunition were flown in by pilots of
45:
165:
810:. Presented with the ambiguity of the situation, the commander of the 2/3rd Pioneer Battalion withdrew one of his outposts, while Brigadier Bernard Evans, commander of the 24th Infantry Brigade, also contracted his position around the beachhead, and in doing so subsequently granted the Japanese the prime position of Katika. The Australian divisional commander, Wootten, was enraged by the decision and subsequently lambasted his commander via radio. In response, the 2/13th Infantry Battalion detached two companies from rear area security and sent them north, while the
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Finschhafen. The
Japanese forces lacked transportation and the road network had not been fully developed. They were low on ammunition for all calibres of weapons, especially artillery, and the majority of stores had to be carried by combat troops, as local carriers had ceased working for the Japanese in response to Allied propaganda. Following the landing at Scarlet Beach, Yamada was ordered to launch an attack on the Australian forces in order to delay them so that further reinforcements could arrive from the 20th Division.
761:
sea by elements of the 79th with the Sugino Craft
Raiding Unit, and a drive from Sattelberg by the remainder of the 79th and 80th Infantry Regiments orientated upon two lines of advance: one towards Scarlet Beach, conforming with the Song River, and the other striking towards Heldsbach advancing astride the Sattelberg Road. If successful, it was intended that following a regrouping, the two infantry regiments would then clear Finschhafen and Langemak Bay, but Japanese plans went awry from the beginning.
258:
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four more days as the
Japanese attempted to retake it. Fierce resistance from the 2/28th halted them and eventually the attack was called off on 24 October, with the Japanese having suffered heavily due to tactical deficiencies, poor co-ordination and operational security, and a lack of artillery. Meanwhile, the Allied response was hampered by poor working relationships at some of the highest levels between Australian and US commanders – particularly between
2107:
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830: – the lack of a unified command structure, over cautiousness amongst naval staff, and a poor appreciation of overall Japanese strength and intentions by the highest level of the Allied command who failed to send reinforcements until it was almost too late. Casualties during the attack amounted to at least 679 Japanese killed with another 821 estimated as wounded, while the Australians lost 49 killed and 179 wounded.
2119:
866: – whose presence the Australians sought to keep secret for as long as possible – which were landed at Langemak Bay. Supplies were landed by US troops from the 532nd Engineer Boat and Shore Regiment, and then brought up and cached around Jivevaneng and Kumawa, but heavy rain hampered the Australian efforts until mid-November.
925:"Finschhafen" was awarded to the Australian Army units that had been involved in the capture of Finschhafen. Covering the period 22 September to 8 December 1943, it includes the capture of Scarlet Beach, the Defence of Scarlet Beach, and the fighting for Sattelberg, although separate battle honours were also awarded for these actions.
760:
The main
Japanese counterattack began on 16 October, signalled by a large bonfire on Sattelberg. The attack was conceptualised as a three-pronged action, involving a diversionary attack by elements of the 79th Infantry Regiment to the north from Bonga, a company-level attack on Scarlet Beach from the
733:
Following the capture of
Finschhafen, the main part of the Australian 20th Infantry Brigade returned to Scarlet Beach, due to intelligence that the Japanese were about to attack. The 2/13th and 22nd Infantry Battalions were left around Finschhafen, while the 2/15th and 2/17th Infantry Battalions were
702:
In response to concerns about the large number of Japanese forces in the area, which had proven to be in larger numbers than Allied intelligence had estimated, Windeyer requested reinforcements. These were initially refused as US naval commanders baulked at the idea of transporting another brigade to
698:
In addition to having to split their forces, the Australians also suffered from supply difficulties during the advance. The terrain over the southerly approaches was quite difficult being primarily dense jungle with numerous water crossings and rugged features. To traverse the ground, the Australians
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and then the north coast, in order to cut off the Japanese withdrawal route from the Huon Peninsula. This drive would ultimately be unsuccessful in preventing the bulk of the Japanese forces on the Huon Peninsula from escaping. At the same time, once Sattelberg was secured, a simultaneous drive was
720:
This ended the first phase of the battle. During operations to capture Finschhafen, the Australians lost 73 killed, 285 wounded. Sickness also resulted in a further 391 evacuations. Japanese casualties were reported as "heavy", but Allied intelligence assessed that a large number of Japanese forces
520:
where they sought to hold the Australians before launching a counteroffensive, which subsequently threatened the landing beach. This attack was repelled by Australian and American forces, with heavy casualties being inflicted on the Japanese. In the aftermath, the Australians went on the offensive,
917:
ramps and piers. In addition, several airfields were established capable of hosting both fighter and bomber aircraft, as well as several fuel dumps. From Finschhafen, the Allies were able to project air power towards the main Japanese base at Rabaul, and seal off the Vitiaz and Dampier Straits. In
716:
Meanwhile, concerned about their rear, due to the presence of a large number of Japanese troops around Sattelberg, the Australians pushed cautiously to Kakakog, which saw heavy fighting at the end of the month, resulting in around 100 Japanese casualties as the Australians called in artillery fire
707:
was operating under the mistaken belief that the Japanese defending the area were only very small in number, when in actuality the two forces were roughly equal in size, with the Allied strength after the landing being around 5,300. After much discussion amongst Australian and US commands on 29/30
676:
After the landing, the Australians began establishing a beachhead several kilometres deep, during which significant actions were fought around Siki Cove and Katika. Late in the day, a large Japanese air raid struck the Allied fleet off shore, but this was eventually defeated by a strong US fighter
817:
Nevertheless, largely the fighting went in favour of the Allies, and finally the Japanese assault ground to a halt. Despite forcing a contraction of the Australian forces defending the beachhead, on 21 October the Japanese withdrew from Siki Cove, although the fighting around Katika continued for
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The northern diversion was easily overcome, and failed to confuse the Australians into committing their reserves, while the central drive was launched too early – in fact the day before the assault was scheduled to begin – consequently undermining Japanese attempts to achieve sufficient
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arrived to relieve the 2/17th. The South Australians from the 2/43rd were subsequently tasked with defending the beachhead and the surrounding areas including the Heldsbach area, and were ordered to prepare for further actions around Sisi and Sattelberg. Heavy rain fell around this time, and the
805:
The Australians managed to hold key terrain around Jivevaneng and Katika from where the Allies employed their direct and indirect fire support to inflict heavy casualties. Nevertheless, the Japanese achieved a degree of tactical success, albeit briefly. On 18 October, a party of Japanese broke
654:
Yamada's forces were spread out in a series of outposts that were orientated around a main defensive position established at Sattelberg, an abandoned Lutheran mission situated atop a 975-metre (3,199 ft) mountain that dominated the terrain about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) north-west of
869:
The Australians subsequently were able to reduce and then secure the Japanese strong hold around Sattelberg against determined resistance following a hard slog through dense jungle, working in concert with the Matilda tanks. Elsewhere, further actions were planned, with the
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Reconquest: An Official Record of the Australian Army's Successes in the Offensives Against Lae, Finschhafen, Markham and Ramu Valleys, Huon Peninsula, Finisterre Mountains, Rai Coast, Bogadjim, Madang, Alexishafen, Karkar Is., Hansa Bay September, 1943 – June,
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remained in the beachhead, working to improve roads, while the 2/8th Field Ambulance set up a main dressing station, which would receive casualties as they were evacuated rearwards from the advanced dressing station that was following the battalions advancing south.
536:
had been occupied by the Imperial Japanese Army on 10 March 1942 as part of strategic moves to provide protection to Lae, which they had established as an important air base. Throughout early 1943, the Allies had begun offensive operations in the
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on the night of 8/9 October while on their way to the landing beach. They subsequently suffered heavy casualties during the assault around the beach, with US and Australian troops there mounting a stubborn defence. The beach was guarded by a
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was split up, with two companies advancing as part of the brigade's reserve, while another remained to secure the beachhead from a Japanese attack and push it further to the north, and the fourth pushed towards Sattelberg. The
798:. A Japanese hand grenade landed in their weapon pit, shattering one of van Noy's legs and wounding Popa, but they continued to fire. Another Japanese grenade silenced them. Van Noy was subsequently awarded the
2161:
887:, which provided good observation towards Scarlet Beach as well as serving as a junction for Japanese lines of communication south. Once Wareo was secure, the Allies advanced along the coast towards
749:
On 10/11 October, as it became apparent to the Allies that Japanese were preparing for a major assault, Wootten and his headquarters landed at Finschhafen, along with the remainder of Brigadier
677:
umbrella that was forewarned by Allied picket ships. The following day, 23 September, the 20th Brigade's drive on Finschhafen began, with two battalions commencing the advance south – the
850:. In the wake of the Japanese counterattack, the members of the Australian and American staff began working more closely together and reinforcements were quickly approved in the form of the
651:, commander of the 1st Shipping Group. The total number of Japanese in the area was around 4,000 to 5,000, although Allied intelligence estimated a strength of between 350 and 2,100.
600:
unit that had landed east of Lae in early September to relieve the troops holding the beachhead, began pursuing the Japanese that were withdrawing to the east, marching from
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addition, the base became an important logistics hub, playing an important role in supplying the American war machine as it advanced through the Philippines in 1944–1945.
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weight of forces to overcome the defenders. The seaborne landing also suffered a significant setback when more than half of the seven landing craft were destroyed by
2000:
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The Japanese had expected an Allied assault on the Finschhafen region from around late July 1943, having appreciated its significance in relation to the Vitiaz and
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to follow up the withdrawing Japanese. Nevertheless, the US and Australian forces would come up against the same forces throughout the remainder of the war around
875:
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910:. Throughout 1944, the base saw considerable development with the establishment of a staging camp that had a divisional capacity, a wharf, ramps for
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Following the conclusion of the fighting around Finschhafen and the defeat of the Japanese counterattack, the Allies began preparing for a concerted
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1876:. Australia in the War of 1939–1945, Series 1—Army. Vol. VII (1st ed.). Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Australian War Memorial.
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Finschhafen due to the risks involved and potential naval losses that might be incurred. In addition, the Allied higher headquarters under General
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1975:. United States Army in World War II: The War in the Pacific. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Chief of Military History, Department of the Army.
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launched a counterattack against the Japanese around Katika, which – supported by artillery – successfully regained the position.
631:, one battalion of the 26th Field Artillery Regiment, and the 7th Naval Base Force. In addition, following the fall of Lae, elements of the
592: – about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of Finschhafen – and proceeded to establish a beachhead there. At the same time, the
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remained at large and had withdrawn west away from the coast in preparation for further fighting. In the same time, US forces from the
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in early September 1943, the Allies attempted to exploit their success with an advance to Finschhafen to begin the
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Finschhafen was subsequently developed into "one of the largest bases in the Southwest Pacific area" according to
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manned by the US 532nd Engineer Boat and Shore Regiment. One of the .50 calibre machine guns, manned by Private
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1915:. Australians in the Pacific War. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Department of Veterans' Affairs.
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supported by the 2/12th Field Regiment as well as engineers from the 2/3rd Field Company – while the
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Operations of the Imperial Japanese Armed Forces in the Papua New Guinea Theater During World War II
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lost eight killed and about 42 wounded, mainly during the landing operations around Scarlet Beach.
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794:, assisted by Corporal Stephen Popa, engaged a group of Japanese led by a bugler and two men with
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1786:. The Australian Army at War. Melbourne, Victoria: Director General of Publication Relations.
2029:(2014). "Applying the Principles of War: Securing the Huon Peninsula". In Dean, Peter (ed.).
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1813:. Engineers of the Southwest Pacific 1941–1945. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
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Wrecked Japanese barges at Scarlet Beach following a failed Japanese attack, 17 October 1943
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forces. The fighting took place between 22 September and 24 October 1943 following the
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Bravery Above Blunder: The 9th Australian Division at Finschhafen, Sattelberg, and Sio
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The operation to capture Finschhafen was important to capture the western cape of the
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towards Finschhafen, with a view to placing pressure on the Japanese southern flank.
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516:. After the capture of Finschhafen, the Japanese forces in the area withdrew towards
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568:. The responsibility for securing the Huon Peninsula was assigned to Major General
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753:' 24th Infantry Brigade. That day, the bulk of the Japanese 20th Division, under
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2018:
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Battle Honours of the British Empire and Commonwealth Land Forces 1662–1991
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2033:. Port Melbourne, Victoria: Cambridge University Press. pp. 255–284.
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for the construction of airfields and naval facilities for the upcoming
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drove from the south, having advanced from the landing beaches east of
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588:, as well as a field company of engineers and a field ambulance, had
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1850:
Where Australians Fought: The Encyclopaedia of Australia's Battles
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Battles and operations of World War II involving Papua New Guinea
1852:(1st ed.). St Leonards, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin.
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assault on the Japanese main defensive position around Sattelberg
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1952:
The Second World War and its Australian Army Battle Honours
1893:. Milsons Point, New South Wales: Random House Australia.
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2071:. Tokyo, Japan: Japan Papua New Guinea Goodwill Society.
2001:
History of United States Naval Operations in World War II
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anti-tank guns and machine guns of the 2/28th, and two
1833:. South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press.
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capturing Sattelberg, and then advancing towards the
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and the VII Amphibious Force commander Rear Admiral
1954:. East Roseville, New South Wales: Kangaroo Press.
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960:
623:, which dispatched a force of about 2,800 men from
2052:. Marlborough, United Kingdom: The Crowood Press.
1992:
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16:1943 battle in the Huon Peninsula campaign of WWII
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1937:. Melbourne, Victoria: Grayflower Publications.
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508:advanced on the town from the north, while the
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2031:Australia 1943: The Liberation of New Guinea
2147:Battles of World War II involving Australia
1891:A Dictionary of Australian Military History
409:
374:679 killed, 821 wounded (second phase only)
2142:South West Pacific theatre of World War II
402:
388:
1726:. Australian War Memorial. Archived from
946:This Month in Australian Military History
778:of the 10th Light Anti-Aircraft Battery,
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627:in August. These forces consisted of the
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1811:Volume IV: Amphibian Engineer Operations
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2157:Battles of World War II involving Japan
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741:A machine gun team from the Australian
161:
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878:as part of the inland advance towards
723:532nd Engineer Boat and Shore Regiment
672:Map showing the capture of Finschhafen
263:532nd Engineer Boat and Shore Regiment
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1269:
1254:
1242:
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541:area of New Guinea and following the
383:
371:49 killed, 179 wounded (second phase)
369:73 killed, 285 wounded (first phase)
2003:. Boston: Little Brown and Company.
61:22 September – 24 October 1943
1776:Australian Military Forces (1944).
745:around Scarlet Beach, October 1943
49:A view of Finschhafen, October 1943
13:
1972:Cartwheel: The Reduction of Rabaul
584:, supported by artillery from the
576:. On 22 September, the Australian
14:
2193:
874:preparing to advance through the
854:, under the command of Brigadier
580:, under the command of Brigadier
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320:
301:
269:
256:
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195:
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163:
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43:
1848:Coulthard-Clark, Chris (1998).
1769:
1712:
1033:Australian Military Forces 1944
664:Australian drive on Finschhafen
1995:Breaking the Bismarcks Barrier
934:
615:commander, Lieutenant General
1:
928:
822:commander Lieutenant General
528:
291:26th Field Artillery Regiment
1913:The Huon Peninsula 1943–1944
833:
357:4,000 – 5,000 (first phase)
7:
858:, as well as a squadron of
743:2/2nd Machine Gun Battalion
10:
2198:
2048:Rodger, Alexander (2003).
1935:South West Pacific 1941–45
1950:Maitland, Gordon (1999).
1873:The New Guinea Offensives
948:. Australian War Memorial
812:2/28th Infantry Battalion
710:2/43rd Infantry Battalion
658:
423:
363:
348:
220:
177:
130:
53:
42:
30:
25:
2167:1943 in Papua New Guinea
2067:Tanaka, Kengoro (1980).
876:Markham and Ramu Valleys
788:.50-calibre machine guns
502:landing at Scarlet Beach
2172:Territory of New Guinea
885:clear the Wareo plateau
692:2/3rd Pioneer Battalion
645:102nd Infantry Regiment
637:238th Infantry Regiment
594:22nd Infantry Battalion
590:landed at Scarlet Beach
551:Huon Peninsula campaign
510:22nd Infantry Battalion
492:and was fought between
482:Huon Peninsula campaign
414:Huon Peninsula campaign
359:~ 12,000 (second phase)
333:102nd Infantry Regiment
314:238th Infantry Regiment
251:22nd Infantry Battalion
79:Territory of New Guinea
1571:, pp. 7 & 36.
843:
746:
729:Japanese counterattack
673:
635: – primarily the
629:80th Infantry Regiment
287:80th Infantry Regiment
282:79th Infantry Regiment
178:Commanders and leaders
2177:September 1943 events
1989:Morison, Samuel Eliot
1969:Miller, John (1959).
852:26th Infantry Brigade
841:
740:
671:
602:Hopoi Mission Station
586:2/12th Field Regiment
578:20th Infantry Brigade
506:20th Infantry Brigade
478:Battle of Finschhafen
364:Casualties and losses
246:24th Infantry Brigade
241:20th Infantry Brigade
26:Battle of Finschhafen
1801:on 16 February 2015.
1620:Coulthard-Clark 1998
1420:Coulthard-Clark 1998
1357:Coulthard-Clark 1998
1342:Coulthard-Clark 1998
997:Coulthard-Clark 1998
562:New Britain campaign
354:~5,300 (first phase)
295:7th Naval Base Force
2182:October 1943 events
1889:Grant, Ian (1992).
1694:, pp. 345–428.
1634:, pp. 328–329.
1610:, pp. 267–269.
1535:, pp. 530–531.
1484:, pp. 267–268.
1344:, pp. 242–243.
1332:, pp. 117–119.
1296:, pp. 265–266.
1098:, pp. 218–219.
1086:, pp. 261–262.
1059:, pp. 260–261.
1023:, pp. 315–316.
808:No. 4 Squadron RAAF
566:Operation Cartwheel
96: /
1221:, pp. 99–100.
912:tank landing ships
891:, while US forces
864:1st Tank Battalion
844:
747:
674:
344:1st Shipping Group
2152:Conflicts in 1943
2040:978-1-107-03799-1
705:Douglas MacArthur
543:landing at Nadzab
471:
470:
378:
377:
126:
125:
100:6.600°S 147.850°E
2189:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2089:
2080:
2063:
2044:
2022:
1998:
1984:
1965:
1946:
1926:
1904:
1885:
1863:
1844:
1822:
1802:
1800:
1794:. Archived from
1785:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1593:
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1524:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1497:
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1479:
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1464:
1455:
1449:
1438:
1432:
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1417:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1354:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1135:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1099:
1093:
1087:
1081:
1075:
1069:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1006:
1000:
994:
985:
979:
973:
967:
958:
957:
955:
953:
938:
893:landed at Saidor
828:Daniel E. Barbey
776:Bofors 40 mm gun
755:Shigeru Katagiri
639: – and the
596:, an Australian
480:was part of the
418:
417:
415:
404:
397:
390:
381:
380:
343:
342:
325:
324:
306:
305:
274:
273:
261:
260:
233:
232:
215:Shigeru Katagiri
200:
199:
189:
188:
173:
169:
167:
166:
155:
153:
152:
143:
141:
140:
111:
110:
108:
107:
106:
101:
97:
94:
93:
92:
89:
55:
54:
47:
23:
22:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2118:
2116:
2106:
2104:
2094:
2092:
2084:
2060:
2041:
2011:
1962:
1923:
1901:
1860:
1841:
1798:
1783:
1772:
1767:
1759:
1755:
1747:
1743:
1733:
1731:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1705:
1698:
1690:
1686:
1678:
1674:
1666:
1662:
1654:
1650:
1642:
1638:
1630:
1626:
1618:
1614:
1606:
1602:
1598:, pp. 7–8.
1594:
1590:
1582:
1575:
1567:
1563:
1555:
1551:
1543:
1539:
1531:
1527:
1519:
1515:
1507:
1500:
1492:
1488:
1480:
1473:
1465:
1458:
1450:
1441:
1433:
1426:
1418:
1411:
1403:
1399:
1391:
1387:
1379:
1375:
1367:
1363:
1355:
1348:
1340:
1336:
1328:
1324:
1316:
1312:
1304:
1300:
1292:
1288:
1280:
1276:
1268:
1261:
1253:
1249:
1241:
1237:
1229:
1225:
1217:
1213:
1205:
1198:
1190:
1186:
1178:
1174:
1166:
1162:
1154:
1150:
1142:
1138:
1130:
1126:
1122:, pp. 4–5.
1118:
1114:
1106:
1102:
1094:
1090:
1082:
1078:
1070:
1063:
1055:
1051:
1043:
1039:
1031:
1027:
1019:
1015:
1007:
1003:
995:
988:
980:
976:
968:
961:
951:
949:
940:
939:
935:
931:
856:David Whitehead
836:
731:
666:
661:
613:Eighteenth Army
611:. The Japanese
609:Dampier Straits
582:Victor Windeyer
531:
474:
473:
472:
467:
419:
413:
411:
410:
408:
370:
358:
337:
319:
300:
268:
255:
227:
213:
209:
202:Victor Windeyer
194:
193:
183:
164:
162:
150:
148:
147:
138:
136:
105:-6.600; 147.850
104:
102:
98:
95:
90:
87:
85:
83:
82:
81:
75:Morobe Province
48:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2195:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2127:
2126:
2114:
2102:
2082:
2081:
2064:
2058:
2045:
2039:
2027:Pratten, Garth
2023:
2009:
1985:
1966:
1960:
1947:
1931:Keogh, Eustace
1927:
1921:
1909:Johnston, Mark
1905:
1899:
1886:
1864:
1858:
1845:
1839:
1823:
1809:, ed. (1959).
1803:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1763:, p. 361.
1753:
1741:
1730:on 29 May 2016
1724:Battle Honours
1711:
1709:, p. 280.
1696:
1684:
1682:, p. 329.
1672:
1670:, p. 211.
1660:
1658:, p. 271.
1648:
1646:, p. 181.
1636:
1624:
1622:, p. 245.
1612:
1600:
1588:
1586:, p. 269.
1573:
1561:
1549:
1537:
1525:
1523:, p. 273.
1513:
1511:, p. 268.
1498:
1496:, p. 184.
1486:
1471:
1469:, p. 325.
1456:
1454:, p. 267.
1439:
1424:
1422:, p. 244.
1409:
1407:, p. 190.
1397:
1395:, p. 500.
1385:
1383:, p. 265.
1373:
1371:, p. 124.
1361:
1359:, p. 243.
1346:
1334:
1322:
1320:, p. 182.
1310:
1308:, p. 180.
1298:
1286:
1274:
1272:, p. 324.
1259:
1257:, p. 125.
1247:
1245:, p. 323.
1235:
1233:, p. 266.
1223:
1211:
1209:, p. 218.
1196:
1194:, p. 179.
1184:
1172:
1160:
1148:
1136:
1134:, p. 466.
1124:
1112:
1100:
1088:
1076:
1074:, p. 322.
1061:
1049:
1047:, p. 316.
1037:
1025:
1013:
1011:, p. 317.
1001:
999:, p. 242.
986:
984:, p. 214.
974:
972:, p. 315.
959:
932:
930:
927:
883:undertaken to
835:
832:
824:Edmund Herring
800:Medal of Honor
796:flame-throwers
792:Nathan van Noy
730:
727:
708:September the
665:
662:
660:
657:
572:'s Australian
570:George Wootten
547:capture of Lae
530:
527:
469:
468:
466:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
424:
421:
420:
407:
406:
399:
392:
384:
376:
375:
372:
366:
365:
361:
360:
355:
351:
350:
346:
345:
336:
335:
317:
316:
298:
297:
292:
289:
284:
265:
254:
253:
248:
243:
223:
222:
221:Units involved
218:
217:
204:
191:George Wootten
180:
179:
175:
174:
159:
133:
132:
128:
127:
124:
123:
117:
113:
112:
69:
67:
63:
62:
59:
51:
50:
40:
39:
28:
27:
21:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2194:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2130:
2125:
2115:
2113:
2103:
2101:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2059:1-861266-37-5
2055:
2051:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2010:0-7858-1307-1
2006:
2002:
1997:
1996:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1967:
1963:
1961:0-86417-975-8
1957:
1953:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1922:1-920720-55-3
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1900:0-091825-92-X
1896:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1868:Dexter, David
1865:
1861:
1859:1-86448-611-2
1855:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1840:0-19-550837-8
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1782:
1781:
1774:
1773:
1762:
1757:
1751:, p. 77.
1750:
1749:Maitland 1999
1745:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1720:"Finschhafen"
1715:
1708:
1703:
1701:
1693:
1688:
1681:
1676:
1669:
1664:
1657:
1652:
1645:
1644:Maitland 1999
1640:
1633:
1628:
1621:
1616:
1609:
1604:
1597:
1596:Johnston 2005
1592:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1570:
1569:Johnston 2005
1565:
1559:, p. 81.
1558:
1557:Maitland 1999
1553:
1546:
1545:Johnston 2005
1541:
1534:
1529:
1522:
1517:
1510:
1505:
1503:
1495:
1490:
1483:
1478:
1476:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1453:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1436:
1435:Johnston 2005
1431:
1429:
1421:
1416:
1414:
1406:
1401:
1394:
1389:
1382:
1377:
1370:
1365:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1343:
1338:
1331:
1326:
1319:
1314:
1307:
1302:
1295:
1290:
1283:
1282:Johnston 2005
1278:
1271:
1266:
1264:
1256:
1251:
1244:
1239:
1232:
1227:
1220:
1215:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1193:
1188:
1182:, p. 99.
1181:
1176:
1170:, p. 97.
1169:
1164:
1158:, p. 96.
1157:
1152:
1146:, p. 98.
1145:
1140:
1133:
1128:
1121:
1120:Johnston 2005
1116:
1110:, p. 80.
1109:
1108:Maitland 1999
1104:
1097:
1092:
1085:
1080:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1058:
1053:
1046:
1041:
1035:, p. 46.
1034:
1029:
1022:
1017:
1010:
1005:
998:
993:
991:
983:
978:
971:
966:
964:
947:
943:
937:
933:
926:
924:
923:battle honour
921:In 1961, the
919:
916:
913:
909:
908:Garth Pratten
904:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
881:
877:
873:
867:
865:
861:
860:Matilda tanks
857:
853:
849:
840:
831:
829:
825:
821:
815:
813:
809:
803:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
772:
768:
762:
758:
756:
752:
751:Bernard Evans
744:
739:
735:
726:
724:
718:
714:
711:
706:
700:
696:
693:
688:
684:
680:
670:
656:
652:
650:
646:
642:
641:51st Division
638:
634:
633:41st Division
630:
626:
622:
621:20th Division
618:
617:Hatazo Adachi
614:
610:
605:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
558:Vitiaz Strait
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
535:
526:
524:
523:Wareo plateau
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
428:Scarlet Beach
426:
425:
422:
416:
405:
400:
398:
393:
391:
386:
385:
382:
373:
368:
367:
362:
356:
353:
352:
347:
341:
334:
331:
330:
329:
328:
327:51st Division
323:
315:
312:
311:
310:
309:
308:41st Division
304:
296:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
279:
278:
277:
276:20th Division
272:
266:
264:
259:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
238:
237:
236:
231:
225:
224:
219:
216:
212:
208:
207:Hatazo Adachi
205:
203:
198:
192:
187:
182:
181:
176:
172:
160:
158:
157:United States
146:
135:
134:
129:
121:
118:
115:
114:
109:
80:
76:
72:
68:
65:
64:
60:
57:
56:
52:
46:
41:
38:
34:
29:
24:
19:
2129:
2068:
2049:
2030:
1994:
1971:
1951:
1934:
1912:
1890:
1872:
1849:
1830:
1827:Coates, John
1810:
1807:Casey, H. J.
1796:the original
1778:
1770:Bibliography
1756:
1744:
1732:. Retrieved
1728:the original
1723:
1714:
1707:Pratten 2014
1687:
1675:
1663:
1656:Pratten 2014
1651:
1639:
1627:
1615:
1608:Pratten 2014
1603:
1591:
1584:Pratten 2014
1564:
1552:
1547:, p. 7.
1540:
1528:
1521:Morison 1950
1516:
1509:Pratten 2014
1489:
1482:Pratten 2014
1452:Pratten 2014
1437:, p. 6.
1400:
1388:
1381:Pratten 2014
1376:
1364:
1337:
1325:
1313:
1301:
1294:Pratten 2014
1289:
1284:, p. 5.
1277:
1250:
1238:
1231:Pratten 2014
1226:
1214:
1187:
1175:
1163:
1151:
1139:
1127:
1115:
1103:
1091:
1084:Pratten 2014
1079:
1057:Pratten 2014
1052:
1040:
1028:
1016:
1004:
977:
950:. Retrieved
945:
936:
920:
905:
901:Aitape–Wewak
880:Shaggy Ridge
872:7th Division
868:
845:
816:
804:
770:
766:
763:
759:
748:
732:
719:
715:
701:
697:
675:
653:
606:
574:9th Division
555:
532:
490:World War II
477:
475:
432:
318:
299:
267:
235:9th Division
226:
131:Belligerents
33:World War II
18:
1761:Rodger 2003
1734:18 February
1668:Coates 1999
1533:Dexter 1961
1494:Tanaka 1980
1405:Tanaka 1980
1393:Dexter 1961
1330:Coates 1999
1318:Coates 1999
1306:Tanaka 1980
1219:Coates 1999
1207:Miller 1959
1192:Tanaka 1980
1180:Coates 1999
1168:Coates 1999
1156:Coates 1999
1144:Coates 1999
1132:Dexter 1961
1096:Miller 1959
982:Miller 1959
952:14 February
649:Eizo Yamada
564:as part of
534:Finschhafen
448:Long Island
433:Finschhafen
211:Eizo Yamada
103: /
71:Finschhafen
37:Pacific War
2136:Categories
2100:New Guinea
1692:Keogh 1965
1680:Keogh 1965
1632:Keogh 1965
1467:Keogh 1965
1369:Grant 1992
1270:Keogh 1965
1255:Casey 1959
1243:Keogh 1965
1072:Keogh 1965
1045:Keogh 1965
1021:Keogh 1965
1009:Keogh 1965
970:Keogh 1965
929:References
784:37 mm guns
529:Background
518:Sattelberg
494:Australian
486:New Guinea
438:Sattelberg
2112:Australia
1819:220327009
862:from the
834:Aftermath
780:2-pounder
145:Australia
2019:10310299
1991:(1950).
1933:(1965).
1911:(2005).
1870:(1961).
1829:(1999).
786:and two
539:Salamaua
498:Japanese
349:Strength
91:147°51′E
66:Location
31:Part of
2086:Portals
2077:9206229
1981:1355535
1943:7185705
1882:2028994
1792:5308007
942:"March"
820:I Corps
598:Militia
488:during
122:victory
2075:
2056:
2037:
2017:
2007:
1979:
1958:
1941:
1919:
1897:
1880:
1856:
1837:
1817:
1790:
897:Madang
771:PT-194
767:PT-128
687:2/17th
683:2/15th
679:2/13th
659:Battle
625:Madang
463:Madang
458:Saidor
168:
154:
142:
120:Allied
116:Result
88:6°36′S
73:area,
2124:Japan
1799:(PDF)
1784:(PDF)
443:Wareo
171:Japan
2073:OCLC
2054:ISBN
2035:ISBN
2015:OCLC
2005:ISBN
1977:OCLC
1956:ISBN
1939:OCLC
1917:ISBN
1895:ISBN
1878:OCLC
1854:ISBN
1835:ISBN
1815:OCLC
1788:OCLC
1780:1944
1736:2016
954:2016
915:LSTs
899:and
769:and
681:and
545:and
496:and
476:The
58:Date
889:Sio
643:'s
514:Lae
484:in
453:Sio
2138::
2013:.
1999:.
1722:.
1699:^
1576:^
1501:^
1474:^
1459:^
1442:^
1427:^
1412:^
1349:^
1262:^
1199:^
1064:^
989:^
962:^
944:.
903:.
802:.
553:.
525:.
77:,
35:,
2088::
2079:.
2062:.
2043:.
2021:.
1983:.
1964:.
1945:.
1925:.
1903:.
1884:.
1862:.
1843:.
1821:.
1738:.
956:.
403:e
396:t
389:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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